two new annual fishes of the genus moema costa, 1989

Transcrição

BOLETIM DO MUSEU NACIONAL
NOVA SÉRIE
RIO DE JANEIRO - BRASIL
ISSN 0080-312X
ZOOLOGIA
o
N 513
24 DE NOVEMBRO DE 2003
TWO NEW ANNUAL FISHES OF THE GENUS MOEMA COSTA, 1989,
FROM THE PERUVIAN AMAZON
(TELEOSTEI, CYPRINODONTIFORMES, RIVULIDAE) 1
(With 4 figures)
WILSON J. E. M. COSTA 2
ABSTRACT: Two new species of the annual fish genus Moema from the Peruvian Amazon
are described: M. hellneri sp.nov. from the río Napo drainage, northern Peru, and M.
ortegai sp.nov. from the río Madre de Dios drainage, southeastern Peru. Moema hellneri
sp. nov. is distinguished from congeners by the fewer vomerine teeth, laterally directed
teeth of the outer row of premaxilla and dentary, posteriorly positioned dorsal-fin origin,
short anal-fin tip of male, and nine horizontal rows of dark red dots on flank. Moema
ortegai sp.nov. differs from other species of the genus by the concave medial border of
the ascending process of premaxilla and the extremely broad rostral cartilage.
Phylogenetic relationships of M. hellneri sp.nov. are still unclear. Moema ortegai sp.nov.
is possibly closely related to M. piriana Costa, 1989 and M. pepotei Costa, 1992, with
which it shares the presence of filamentous rays on the pectoral-fin tip of male.
Key words: Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae, taxonomy, annual fishes, Moema.
RESUMO: Dois novos peixes anuais do gênero Moema Costa, 1989 da Amazônia peruana
(Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae).
Duas novas espécies do gênero de peixes anuais Moema são descritas para a Amazônia
peruana: M. hellneri sp.nov. da drenagem do rio Napo, norte do Perú, e M. ortegai sp.nov.
da drenagem do rio Madre de Dios, sudeste do Perú. Moema hellneri sp.nov. se distingue
das congêneres pelo menor número de dentes no vômer, dentes da série externa da prémaxila e dentário direcionados lateralmente, origem da nadadeira dorsal posicionada
posteriormente, nadadeira anal de macho com ponta curta, e nove fileiras horizontais de
pontos vermelho-escuro no flanco. Moema ortegai sp.nov. difere das outras espécies do
gênero pela borda medial côncava do processo ascendente da pré-maxila e cartilagem
rostral extremamente larga. Relações filogenéticas de M. hellneri sp.nov. são ainda
obscuras. Moema ortegai sp.nov. é possivelmente mais relacionada a M. piriana Costa,
1989 e M. pepotei Costa, 1992, com as quais compartilha a presença de raios
filamentosos na ponta da nadadeira peitoral do macho.
Palavras-chave: Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae, taxonomia, peixes anuais, Moema.
1 Submitted on July 5, 2002. Accepted on May 28, 2003.
2 Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Quinta da Boa Vista, São
Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Zoologia. Caixa Postal 68049, Rio de Janeiro, 21944-970, RJ,
Brasil. E-mail: [email protected].
Fellow of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
2
W.J.E.M.COSTA
INTRODUCTION
Moema Costa, 1989 is a clade of Amazonian annual fishes (COSTA, 1989, 1998),
comprising a total of four species, all described in recent years: M. piriana Costa,
1989 from the lower rio Amazonas drainage, M. portugali Costa, 1989, from the rio
Branco drainage, M. staecki (Seegers, 1987) from the lower rio Negro and Solimões
floodplains, and M. pepotei Costa, 1992 from the rio Guaporé-Mamoré drainage
(Fig.1) (SEEGERS, 1987; COSTA, 1989, 1992). A new species from the río Napo
drainage, western Amazonian basin, and another from the río Madre de Dios drainage,
southern Amazonian basin, are herein described.
Fig.1- Geographic distribution of the annual fish genus Moema.
Bol. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro, n.513, p.1-10, nov.2003
TWO NEW ANNUAL FISHES OF THE GENUS MOEMA COSTA, 1989, PERUVIAN AMAZON
3
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Methods for taking measurements and counts follow COSTA (1995), except
body depth, measured just posteriorly to pelvic-fin base; measurements are
presented as percentages of standard length (SL), except parts of head,
expressed as percentages of head length. Counts of pectoral, pelvic, and
caudal-fin rays, vertebrae, vomerine teeth, branchiostegal rays, gill-rakers,
and pharyngobranchial teeth were made only on cleared and counterstained
specimens (c&s) prepared according to TAYLOR & VAN DYKE (1985); in
vertebral counts, the compound caudal centrum was counted as a single
element. Osteological features presented in the description are those
considered phylogenetically informative for Moema and closely related genera,
as discussed by COSTA (1998). Terminology for frontal squamation patterns
is according to HOEDEMAN (1958), and for cephalic neuromasts according to
COSTA (2001). Comparative material is listed in COSTA (1998). Institutional
abbreviations are: MUSM (Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Mayor
de San Marcos, Lima, Peru), and UFRJ (Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
Moema hellneri sp.nov.
(Fig.2)
Holotype – PERU: DEPARTAMENTO LORETO: Bellavista, río Napo drainage,
Amazonian basin (about 1º30’S, 75°30’W), MUSM 20158,
, 81.5mm SL,
R.Numrich col., 1995.
Paratypes – All collected with holotype: UFRJ 5444, 3 , 51.1-57.1mm SL, and 1 ,
57.1mm SL, UFRJ 4594, 1 , 58.7mm SL, and 1 , 52.3mm SL (c&s).
Diagnosis – Distinguished from all congeners by having fewer vomerine teeth
(one tooth vs. six to 14 teeth), median teeth of outer row of premaxilla and
dentary laterally directed (vs. anterolaterally directed) (Fig.3), dorsal-fin origin
between neural spines of vertebrae 24-26 (vs. 20-24), anal fin of male with
short tip, reaching a vertical through caudal-fin base (vs. long tip reaching
middle of caudal fin), and nine horizontal rows of dark red dots on flank (vs.
three or five rows).
Description – Morphometric data of holotype and four paratypes are given in
table 1. Male larger than female, largest male 81.5mm SL. Dorsal profile
slightly convex between snout and dorsal-fin base end, approximately straight
on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile slightly convex from lower jaw to end of
anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical;
body depth about 1.3 times body width. Greatest body depth on vertical
through pelvic-fin base. Jaws long, snout pointed.
4
W.J.E.M.COSTA
Fig.2- Moema hellneri sp.nov., MUSM 20158,
, holotype, 81.5mm SL.
Fig.3- Dorsal view of the upper jaw. (A) Moema hellneri sp.nov., (B) Moema ortegai sp.nov.
5
TABLE 1
Morphometric data of Moema hellneri sp.nov. and Moema ortegai sp.nov.
SL (mm)
M. hellneri
H
paratypes
MUSM UFRJ UFRJ UFRJ UFRJ
20158 5444 5444 5444 5444
!
!
M. ortegai
H
paratypes
MUSM MUSM UFRJ MUSM MUSM
3069
20177 3069 5445 3069
!
!
!
!
!
81.5
57.1
56.4
51.1
57.1
76.8
70.2
69.8
51.4
50.5
In percents of standard length
Body depth
22.0
19.8
19.1
20.1
21.1
22.1
21.2
22.7
22.0
21.6
Caudal
peduncle
depth
15.2
14.0
14.9
14.4
13.8
16.0
15.2
16.5
14.1
14.1
Predorsal
length
76.1
77.7
74.4
76.3
78.7
73.8
75.2
77.2
76.8
76.0
Prepelvic
length
53.0
51.8
47.1
50.0
49.2
48.5
49.0
49.0
50.6
51.6
Length of
dorsal-fin
base
7.8
8.7
6.2
11.8
11.8
11.3
10.9
11.0
Length of
anal-fin
base
22.7
23.6
22.5
20.5
19.8
25.6
26.0
24.7
24.0
24.1
Caudal-fin
length
40.1
-
-
36.3
31.0
59.4
52.9
-
-
-
Pectoral-fin
length
24.8
21.2
23.0
23.1
18.4
46.7
34.6
35.2
25.3
26.4
Pelvic-fin
length
12.7
12.2
12.1
12.8
10.1
14.4
14.8
15.0
14.4
15.0
9.4
8.9
Head length
22.4
23.8
22.8
23.9
21.5
27.6
28.8
28.2
28.5
29.2
Head depth
15.8
15.8
15.2
15.7
16.0
17.8
17.6
17.4
17.8
17.6
Head width
17.5
17.2
15.6
17.7
16.6
19.5
20.1
20.5
20.4
19.7
In percents of head length
Snout
length
17.0
16.2
17.4
14.3
16.7
15.5
15.0
15.0
13.8
12.4
Lower jaw
length
25.0
27.0
-
26.5
24.1
26.9
25.0
27.1
26.3
24.9
Eye
diameter
32.5
34.7
34.2
36.8
29.2
26.7
26.4
27.4
29.6
29.9
(H) holotype
6
W.J.E.M.COSTA
Tip of dorsal and anal fins pointed with short tip reaching caudal-fin base in
male, rounded and short in female. Caudal fin elliptical; short filamentous rays
on dorsal and ventral portions of posterior edge of male caudal fin. Pectoral fin
pointed and without distal filaments in male, elliptical in female; pectoral-fin
tip reaching pelvic-fin base in male, and a point anterior to it in female. Pelvic
fin short, its tip reaching a point between anus and urogenital papilla in male,
and a point anterior to anus in female. Dorsal-fin origin in vertical through
base of 12th anal-fin ray. Dorsal-fin rays 8-9, anal-fin rays 17-19, caudal-fin
rays 34-35, pelvic-fin rays 7, pectoral-fin rays 16.
Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on chin. Frontal
squamation often E-patterned with scales arranged circularly around central Ascale, sometimes irregularly arranged. Body squamation extending over basal
half of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal fins. Longitudinal series of
scales 38, transverse series of scales 10, scale rows around caudal peduncle
20. Contact organs absent. Supraorbital neuromasts 3+3.
Premaxilla and dentary with numerous teeth, occupying about 60% of anterior
edge of premaxilla (Fig.3A). Median teeth of outer premaxillary row directed
laterally. Medial border of ascending process of premaxilla slightly concave,
almost straight. Rostral cartilage broad, its width about 90% of length.
Metapterygoid rectangular. Posterior process of quadrate not elongate, its
length about 55% of total quadrate length. Basihyal subtriangular, its greatest
width about 75% of length; basihyal cartilage moderate in length, about 35% of
total basihyal length. Six branchiostegal rays. One or no tooth on second
pharyngobranchial. Teeth along proximal and median portions of dorsal surface
of fourth ceratobranchial. Medial border of first hypobranchial not bifid.
Interarcual cartilage short. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 2+11. One
vomerine tooth. Interhyal not ossified. Ventral process of posttemporal welldeveloped. Dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of vertebrae 24-26. Dorsal
and ventral hypural plates separated by interspace. Total vertebrae 37-38.
Coloration in life –
: Side of body light metallic green with nine horizontal
rows of brownish red dots. Side of head greenish golden with two faint gray
oblique bars, one adjacent to posterior margin of orbit and other on preopercle.
Iris yellow, with dark brown bar; small suborbital dark gray spot continuous to
iris bar. Dorsal, anal and pelvic fins greenish yellow with small rounded dark
red spots; anal-fin base light blue. Caudal fin greenish yellow with dark red
spots and interrupted stripes; ventral fin margin with three stripes: ventralmost
broad, orangish red; median narrow, pale yellow; dorsalmost narrow, dark red.
Pectoral fin hyaline.
: Similar to male color pattern, but body dots and fin
spots darker and caudal- fin orangish red stripe absent.
Distribution – Known only from the type locality, Bellavista, Loreto, northern
Peru, río Napo drainage, Amazonian basin (Fig.1).
Etymology – The species name honors Steffen Hellner, a German aquarist and
breeder of South American killifishes, making the type series available for study.
7
Moema ortegai sp.nov.
(Fig.4)
Holotype – PERU: DEPARTAMENTO MADRE DE DIOS: Reserva Natural
Tambopata, Cocha Redonda, 1.5km from Katicocha, río Madre de Dios drainage,
Amazonian basin (about 12º20’S, 69°20’W), MUSM 20177,
, 76.8mm SL,
H.Ortega and I.Samanez colls., 14/II/1991.
Paratypes – All collected with holotype: MUSM 3069, 2 , 70.2-76.8mm SL, and
2 , 50.5-51.4mm SL; UFRJ 5445; 1 , 69.8mm SL; UFRJ 5446, 1 , 51.4mm
SL (c&s).
Diagnosis – Distinguished from all other species of the genus by the medial border
of the ascending process of premaxilla strongly concave (vs. slightly concave to
straight) and an extremely broad rostral cartilage, wider than long (vs. longer than
wide) (Fig.3). Similar to M. pepotei and M. piriana by possessing filamentous rays
on the tip of male pectoral fin (vs. filaments absent); it differs from M. pepotei and
M. piriana by having 16 rows of scales around caudal peduncle (vs. 20).
Description – Morphometric data of holotype and four paratypes are given in table
1. Male larger than female, largest male 76.8mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex
between snout and dorsal-fin base end, approximately straight on caudal peduncle.
Ventral profile slightly convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly
straight on caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical, body depth about 1.1
times body width. Greatest body depth on vertical through pelvic-fin base. Jaws
long, snout pointed.
Tip of dorsal and anal fins pointed, with long tips reaching middle of caudal fin in
male, rounded and short in female. Caudal fin long, subtruncate with ventral
portion posteriorly expanded and short filamentous rays on posterior edge in male,
rounded without posterior expansion and filaments in female. Pectoral fin pointed
with long filamentous tip in male, elliptical in female; pectoral-fin tip reaching
between base of fourth and seventh anal-fin rays in male, and a point between
pelvic-fin base and anus in female. Pelvic fin short, its tip reaching base of first
anal-fin ray in male, and urogenital papilla in female. Dorsal-fin origin in vertical
through base of 12th anal-fin ray. Dorsal-fin rays 10-11, anal-fin rays 19-20,
caudal-fin rays 33, pelvic-fin rays 7, pectoral-fin rays 15.
Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on chin. Frontal
squamation often E-patterned with scales arranged circularly around central Ascale, sometimes irregularly arranged. Body squamation extending over basal third
of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal fins. Longitudinal series of scales 36-38,
transverse series of scales 9-10, scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Contact
organs absent. Supraorbital neuromasts 3+3.
Premaxilla and dentary with numerous teeth, occupying about 60% of anterior
edge of premaxilla. Median teeth of outer premaxillary row directed
anterolaterally. Medial border of ascending process of premaxilla deeply concave.
Rostral cartilage rather broad, its width about 145% of length. Metapterygoid
8
W.J.E.M.COSTA
rectangular. Posterior process of quadrate not elongate, its length about 50% of
total quadrate length. Basihyal subtriangular, its greatest width about 65% of
length; basihyal cartilage moderate in length, about 30% of total basihyal length.
Six branchiostegal rays. Two or three teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Teeth
along proximal and median portions of dorsal surface of fourth ceratobranchial.
Medial border of first hypobranchial not bifid. Interarcual cartilage short. Gillrakers of first branchial arch 2+11. Nine vomerine teeth. Interhyal not ossified.
Ventral process of posttemporal well-developed. Dorsal-fin origin between neural
spines of vertebrae 23 and 24. Dorsal and ventral hypural plates separated by
interspace. Total vertebrae 38.
Coloration in life – Unkown. In alcohol, side of body pale orangish brown with five
rows of dark gray dots, which are smaller and darker in female; horizontally
elongate dark brown humeral spot in male. Dorsal fin hyaline with small brown
spots. Anal fin dark gray with light gray spots and light gray base in male,
hyaline with small brown spots in female. Caudal fin gray with faint brown spots
on dorsal portion and broad light gray ventral stripe with dorsal dark brown
border in male, hyaline with small brown spots in female. Paired fins gray in
male, hyaline in female.
Distribution – Known only from the type locality, Reserva Natural Tambopata,
Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru, río Madre de Dios drainage, Amazonian
basin (Fig.1).
Etymology – Named in honor of Hernan Ortega, the first collector of the new
species, in recognition to his contribution to the knowledge of Amazonian fishes.
Fig.4- Moema ortegai sp.nov., MUSM 20177,
, holotype, 76.8mm SL.
9
DISCUSSION
The two new species herein described constitutes the westernmost records for
the genus Moema. Relationships of these new taxa are not clear at the moment,
since most characters potentially phylogenetically informative (i.e., variable
among species, as are number of vomerine teeth, jaw teeth morphology, fin
length, number of scales rows around caudal peduncle, body depth) are
variable among potential outgroups (i.e., closely related genera, Micromoema
Costa, 1998, Renova Thomerson & Taphorn, 1995, Trigonectes Myers, 1925,
Neofundulus Myers, 1924, Aphyolebias Costa, 1998, Pterolebias Garman, 1895,
Gnatholebias Costa, 1998), and a phylogenetic analysis involving all these taxa
is beyond the scope of the present study. However, the posterior position of the
dorsal fin and the presence of nine rows of dark red dots on flank in M. hellneri
sp.nov., as well as the concave medial margin of the ascending premaxillary
process and the broad rostral cartilage in M. ortegai sp.nov. are conditions
uniquely derived among species of Moema and closely related genera, and
therefore considered autapomorphies. Additionally, the presence of filamentous
rays on the pectoral-fin tip of male in M. ortegai sp.nov., M. pepotei and M.
piriana, not found elsewhere among rivulids, supports possible close
relationships among these three species.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks are due to S.Hellner (Stuttgart, Germany) and H.Ortega (Stuttgart,
Germany) for making available type specimens of the two new species. This
study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e
Tecnológico (CNPq-MCT) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio
de Janeiro (FAPERJ).
LITERATURE CITED
COSTA, W.J.E.M., 1989 – Descrição e relações filogenéticas de dois gêneros novos e três
espécies novas de peixes anuais neotropicais (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae).
Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49(1):221-230.
COSTA, W.J.E.M., 1992 – Sistemática e distribuição do gênero Moema
(Cyprinodontiformes; Rivulidae), com a descrição de uma nova espécie. Revista
Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 52(4):619-625.
COSTA, W.J.E.M., 1995 – Pearl Killifishes, the Cynolebiatinae: Systematics and
Biogeography of a Neotropical Annual Fish Subfamily (Cyprinodontiformes:
Rivulidae). Neptune City: TFH. 128p.
COSTA, W.J.E.M., 1998 – Phylogeny and classification of Rivulidae revisited: evolution
of annualism and miniaturization in rivulid fishes (Cyprinodontiformes:
Aplocheiloidei). Journal of Comparative Biology, Ribeirão Preto, 3(1):33-92.
10
W.J.E.M.COSTA
COSTA, W.J.E.M., 2001 – The neotropical annual fish genus Cynolebias
(Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic revision
and biogeography. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, München,
12(4):333-383.
HOEDEMAN, J.J., 1958 – Rivulid fishes of the Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of
Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, Amsterdam, 32(2):112-127.
SEEGERS, L., 1987 – Die gattung Pterolebias Garman 1895 mit der beschreibung von
Pterolebias staecki nov.spec. Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift, Stuttgart,
40(5):199-204.
TAYLOR, W.R. & VAN DYKE, G.C. 1985 – Revised procedures for staining and clearing
small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium, Paris,
9(2):107-109.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Reitor – Aloísio Teixeira
Museu Nacional
Diretor – Sérgio Alex K. Azevedo
Editor Geral – Célia Ricci
Editores de Área – Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner, Cátia Antunes de Mello Patiu, Ciro Alexandre
Ávila, Débora de Oliveira Pires, Gabriel Luiz Figueira Mejdalani, Isabel Cristina Alves Dias, João Alves
de Oliveira, Marcelo de Araújo Carvalho, Maria Dulce Barcellos Gaspar de Oliveira, Marília Lopes da
Costa Facó Soares, Miguel Angel Monné Barrios, Paulo Secchin Young, Ulisses Caramaschi e Vânia
Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves
Conselho Editorial – André Pierre Prous-Poirier (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), David G. Reid
(The Natural History Museum - Reino Unido), David John Nicholas Hind (Royal Botanic Gardens Reino Unido), Fábio Lang da Silveira (Universidade de São Paulo), François M. Catzeflis (Institut des
Sciences de l’Évolution - França), Gustavo Gabriel Politis (Universidad Nacional del Centro - Argentina),
John G. Maisey (Americam Museun of Natural History - EUA), Jorge Carlos Della Favera (Universidade
do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), J. Van Remsen (Louisiana State University - EUA), Maria Antonieta da
Conceição Rodrigues (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), Maria Carlota Amaral Paixão Rosa
(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Maria Helena Paiva Henriques (Universidade de Coimbra Portugal), Maria Marta Cigliano (Universidad Nacional La Plata - Argentina), Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
(Universidade de São Paulo), Miriam Lemle (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Paulo A. D. DeBlasis
(Universidade de São Paulo), Philippe Taquet (Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle - França), Rosana
Moreira da Rocha (Universidade Federal do Paraná), Suzanne K. Fish (University of Arizona - EUA), W.
Ronald Heyer (Smithsonian Institution - EUA)
Normalização – Vera de Figueiredo Barbosa
Diagramação e arte-final – Célia Ricci, Lia Ribeiro
Indexação – Biological Abstracts, ISI – Thomson Scientific, Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory,
Zoological Record, NISC Colorado, Periodica, C.A.B. International
Tiragem – 1000 exemplares
http://acd.ufrj.br/~museuhp/publ.htm
E-mail: [email protected]
MUSEU NACIONAL
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão
20940-040 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Impresso na Gráfica da UFRJ

two new annual fishes of the genus moema costa, 1989

Transcrição

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