Kêt quả nghiên cứu thiết kế chế tạo thiết bị lọc nước sử dụng vật
Transcrição
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE K E T P U A IMGHIEIV CIJU T H I E T K E CHE T A O T H I E T B I LOC IVIUQC S U DUIMG V A T L I E U IVAIMO X U L Y IMUQC IMHiilVI A5EIM Ha Luong Thuan' TOMTAT Su 6 nhiim thach tin trong nude ngam da d miic cao vl phd biin d viing chau tho song Hdng va mot vli noi khIc. Diiu tra so bg d mot sd dia phuong cho thay, him lugng asen trong nude nglm d nhiiu noi vugt qui tieu chuan cho phep ddi vdi nude an udng va sinh hoat. Di tai da nghien ciiu sir dung vat lieu loe nano eiia Vien ban lam KH Tu nhien Lien bang Nga, thiit ke, chi tao thief bi loe nude hi nhiim asen tren eo sd phue vu cap nude sinh boat d Viet Nam. Thiit hi Igc cd ele c6ng suit: 60-80 1/h, 200-240 1/h, 300-350 1/h, 450-500 1/h da duge chi tao va da tiin hinh kiim nghiem trong phdng thi nghiem va ngoai hien trudng. Kit qua kiim nghiem ngoli hien trudng da cho kit qua tdt, sd mlu cd ndng do asen dat blng va dudi 0,01 mg/1 II 95,45% (tdng sd mlu nude II22), thiet bi van hinh an toan, tdt. Kit qua loe se tdt hon khi kit hgp vdi ele bien phIp khIe. Tir khda: Asen, nhiim asen, vat lieu nano, thiet bi loe, nuoc sinh hoat, kiem nghiem. LDATVAniOE Ngudn nude, dae biet II nude nglm, a nhiiu noi tren thi gidi bi nhiim asen. O Bang La Det, theo thdng ke ciia UNICEF, nhiiu viing cd tdi 90-100% ele giing khoan hi d nhiim asen. Cd nhung vting, ngudn nude nglm phue vu ddi sdng sinh hoat ngudi dan cd him lugng asen cao gap hing nghin lln tieu chuan cho phep (theo WHO tieu chuan nay II < 0,01 mg/1). Cac qudc gia dang phIt trien khIe d chau A vl chau Phi ciing dang trong tinh trang ngudn nude nglm hi 6 nhiim asen o miic bio dong. Theo ude tinh ciia td chiic UNICEF, tai Viet Nam hien nay, sd ngudi ed nguy eo mac benh do tiip xiie vdi thach tin (asen) len tdi 10 trieu ngudi. Su 6 nhiim thach tin trong nude nglm da d miie cao va phd biin d viing chau tho s6ng Hdng. CIc diiu tra so bd d mdt sd dia phuong cho thay, ham lugng asen trong nude ngam d nhiiu noi vugt qua tieu chuan cho phep ddi vdi nude an udng va sinh hoat, cao nhat II ele tinh, thInh: HI Nam, HI Ngi, Hung Yen, Ha Tay(eu), Phii Thg... Ham lugng asen d mot sd diem cao gap nhiiu lln miic cho phep nhu: Quynh Loi (HI Npi) gap 30 lln. Lam Thao (Phii Thg) gap 50-60 lan, Ly Nhan, Binh Lue (Ha Nam) gip 50 lln. Cae bien phap dang duge Ip dung hien nay nhu loe be eat, dung giln mua khi hieu qua trong viec loai bd thach tin. Tuy nhien, d cac ho gia dinh, khong phai liie nao PGS.TS Vien Nuac, Tuoi tieu va Moi truong 74 nhiing bien phIp nly ciing dugc Ip dung hieu qua, do him lugng thach tin qui cao. Ben canh dd, di xir ly nude bi 6 nhiim asen, nhiiu bien phap e6ng nghe da duge Ip dung, trong dd ele phuong phIp chii yiu dugc Ip dung rgng rai bao gdm: Keo tu, kit tiia - ling hay cong keo tu - kit tiia - lang; oxi hda; sii dung Inh sing mat trdi hay oxi hda quang hda; hap phu; trao ddi ion; Ige qua ldp vat lieu Igc, Igc mang; phuong phIp sinh hgc va cay trdng.... Nhiing nam gin day ele e6ng nghe xu ly nud'c tren co sd c6ng nghe nano hien dang duge nghien eiiu vl ung dung d nhiiu nude tren the gidi. Vat lieu nano II sin phim cila e6ng nghe tien tien dang duge ung dung rgng rai. Th6ng qua viec hgp tic vdi Vien HIn lam KH Tu nhien Lien bang Nga, di tii da thiit ki, chi tao thiet bi Igc nude hi nhiim asen tren eo sd ling dung vat lieu nano phue vu cap nude sinh hoat df Viet Nam. II. UniG DUNG THIET Bj LOG NUDC SD DUNG VAT UEU NANO TRONG THUC TE 1. Thiit bi Igc nude nhiim asen sir dung vat lieu Igc nano Thiit hi dugc nghien ciiu vl chi tao tren eo sd kit qua nghien eiiu cua di tii "Nghien eiiu thiit ki, che tao thiit hi sir dung vat lieu nano de xii ly nude ed nhiim asen phue vu d p nude sinh boat nong thon." Thiit hi gdm: - Vat lieu nano do Vien bin llm Khoa hgc Tu nhien Lien bang Nga cung cap. Vat lieu nly da dugc kiem nghiem va cho phep su dung vao linh vuc Igc NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 6 - THANG 6/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE nude trong chuong trinh nude sach eua Cong hda Lien bang Nga. - Loi Igc: Loi Igc llm bang nhua, ben trong chiia vat lieu Igc nano, loi Igc cd hai diu diu ed ranh de dua nude vIo va ra, dau nude vIo d phia dudi, nude ra d phia tren, nude sau Igc trin qua phIn khoang trdng giiia loi va than mIy rdi di ra ngoli. Ttiy theo chit lugng nude eiia timg viing, ngoli loi Ige asen cdn cd them 1,2 hoac 3 loi Ige th6 (cap Ige). - Vd thiit bi: bao gdm than mIy vl di, than mIy ed hai bg phan than tren va than dudi ed ren di lip khdp vdi nhau, than mIy ed chiic nang bio ve loi ben trong vl giir cho nude luu thong phia ben trong than sudt qui trinh mIy van hanh, di II bg phan do' cho toln bg thief hi giii vung d vi tri thing nhu hinh ve. Vd ed thi lam blng nhua hoac inox. Ngoli ra cdn ed ele phu kien khIe. - Nguyen ly boat dong ciia thiit bi Igc ting dung vat lieu nano: Nude nhiim asen duge dua vao dng dan nude vao, sau dd nude dugc day vao phia trong loi loe nano theo hudng di tir dudi len, phia ben tren eua loi Ipc nano cd nhiiu khe hd di ddng nude sau xii ly chay trIn qua khdng gian giiia than may vl loi nano. Nude sach chay vIo Id thu nude vl theo vdi ra de dua vIo su dung. Hoat dong eiia thiit hi kha don gian va tien sir dung di cd the lap dat vIo ele vi tri khIe nhau. 'rhan may t V o i ra iofina chcn Vo Hinh 1. Thiet bi Igc nude nhiim asen su dung vat Ueu Igc nano Thiit hi Ige ed ele e6ng suit: 60-80 1/h, 200-240 1/h, 300-350 1/h, 450-500 1/h. Kha nang Igc nude bi nhiim asen eua thiit hi (duge kiem tra trong phdng thi nghiem) dugc thi hien d bang 1. Bang 1: Kit qua Igc nude hi nhiim asen cua thiit bi loe Nong dp asen (mg/1) Kiem tra lan 1 Kem tra lan 2 Kiem tra \in 3 Dau vao Dau ra 0,148 0,148 0,28 0.002 0,008 0,01 TCNBoYte (1329/2002) 0,01 0,01 0,01 Kit qua tren cho thay vat lieu Ige dat hieu qua rat cao (TCN 1329/2002) khi ndng do asen trong nude diu vao khoang tii 0,1 - 0,3 mg/1 (vugt ttr 10-30 lln tieu chuan). 2. Lua chgn dia diem ling dung c6ng nghe HI Ngi (khu vuc HI Tay eu), II nhiing noi ngudn nude nglm bi 6 nhiim asen kha nang, trong dd nang nhlt II cac huyen Thanh Oai, Ung Hda, Qudc Oai. Tren co sd khao sit thuc ti da ehgn dia bin xa Cao Duong, huyen Thanh Oai II noi lap dat thiet bi Igc nude su dung vat lieu nano di kiim tra kha nang Ige asen ciia thiit bi d thuc ti. Xa Cao Duong each HI Ngi gin 35 km vi phia Tay Ble vdi dan sd gin 10.000 ngudi chia thanh 6 cum dan cu. Da sd ele hd gia dinh su dung ngudn nude mua cho muc dich an, udng. Nude sinh boat ehung vIn su dung nude giing khoan qua Igc cit. Vi miia kho cd nhiiu ho phai diing nude giing khoan de phue vu sinh hoat. CIc trudng mlu gilo, mim non trong xa thiiu nude mua cho muc dich an, udng cua tre em vl gilo vien. 0 nhiim asen da dugc cac co quan ehuyen mdn, y ti kiim tra, lay mlu phIn tich va th6ng bio, dinh diu. Sd mlu nude giing khoan xet nghiem ed ndng do asen > 0,05 mg/1 chiim tdi 74,3% , trong dd cd ele mlu nude tai ele trudng mim non. Tuy nhien, tren dia ban vIn chua ed cong nghe nIo xu ly asen hieu qua, phIn Idn xu ly so bd bang be loe elf. Thiit bi Ige duge lap dat tai 3 noi: Hd gia dinh (nhl anh Nguyin Dinh Van), quy md cum hd, trudng hgc dat tai Trudng Mim non Thi Nguyen va Trudng Mim non trung tam xa Cao Duong. Hien trang ngudn nude eiia ho gia dinh gdm bi nude mua 4 m^ diing cho muc dich an, udng va ngudn nude giing khoan sau khi qua bi Ige so bg dugc su dung cho muc dich sinh boat ehung trong gia dinh: tam, giat, riia, ve sinh,...vlo cudi miia kh6 thudng xuyen thieu nude mua sir dung cho muc dich an, udng. Ndng do 6 nhiim asen trong nude giing khoan tai gia dinh II 0,25 mg/1 va sau be loe cat la 0,08 mg/1. NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 6 - THANG 6/2010 75 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Bg phan cap nude cho Trudng Mim non trung tam xa Cao Duong gdm: Giing khoan dan dung vdi mIy bom 0,75 kw, be loe 1 m^* vl bi chiia 2 m^ tren san thuong khu trudng hgc. Hien tai, trudng mam non su dung ngudn nude giing khoan qua Ige elf de phue vu muc dich sinh boat ehung: tam giat, chuan bi dd an, rua tay, ve sinh...Ndng do 6 nhiim asen trong nude nglm la 0,15 - 0,23 mg/1 va sau bi loe elt la 0,09 mg/1. Bg phan elp nuoc cho Trudng Mam non Thi Nguyen - xa Cao Duong, gdm: giing khoan vdi bom 0,75 kw, bi Igc elt 1 m^ vl be ehiia 2 m^ Nude sau Ige se duge bom tir bi chiia len bdn inox Son HI tren san thugng khu trudng hgc de cap nude cho muc dich rua tay, ve sinh cho tre. Ndng do 6 nhiim asen trong nude nglm II 0,2 mg/1 vl sau bi Ige eat II 0,08. Trudng ed mot bi nglm chiia nude mua khoing 8 m^ nhung da hi hdng. Lo! Nana b e Aif ii Thtctbiloc uinwyV !y Z^i-n h5 zid dlnii Hinh 2: Thiet bi Igc nude hi nhiim asen cong suat 60-801/h Thiit bi Ige nude ho gia dinh vdi 3 cap Igc: d p Ige th6: Vat lieu polypropylen vdi kich thude Igc: 5 - 1 0 pm (micro met), elp Igc tinh: Vat Ueu than boat tinh dang hat 1-2 mm, cap loe tinh xii ly asen: blng vat lieu Igc ling dung cdng nghe nano. b. He thdng xulyasen quy mo cum ho gia dinh, trudng hoc, cong suit 300 lit/h + Cae thong sd ky thuat dugc trinh bIy trong bang 3. 3. Lap dat thiet bi So dd lap dat thiit hi tai cac diim thuc nghiem nhu hinh 1 sau: Nguon eap nude L5i ihiin li<-a! tinh H? thong be Ipe tho hp gia dinh Bang 3: Cac thdng sd ky thuat ciia thiet bi cong suat 300 lit/h STT He thong thiet bi ioc 1 1 2 3 Nuac ra dat tieu chuan 4 Hinh 1: So dd lap dat thiet bi a. He thdng xulyasen quy mo ho gia dinh, cong suat 60-80 lit A CIc th6ng sd ky thuat dugc trinh bay trong bang 2. 1/h 5 6 7 Thong sd Kich thuoc (dai - rpng - cao), cm Cap loi lpc Ap luc met cot nuoc (m) Trpng lugng thiet bj (kho) (kg) Toe dp lpc toi da Oit/gio) Loe asen dat (mg/1) Lupng nuoc lpc tdi da Qit) Kich thuoc, quy mo 76-34-80 3 cap 4-6 18.5 300 <0,01 40.000 Thiit bi Igc nuoc bi nhiim asen, cdng suat 300 dat tai hai trudng mam non (hinh 3). Bang 2: Cac thdng sd ky thuat ciia thiit bi cdng suat60-801it/h L0i than ho^t Unh STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thong so Kich thuoc (dai-rpng-cao),cm Cap loi Ipc Ap luc met cot nuoc (m) Trpng lupng thiet bi (kho) (kg) Toe dp Ipc toi da Oit/gio) Lpc asen dat (mg/1) Lupng nuoc lpc toi da Oit) Kich thuoc, quy mo 55-17-45 3 cap 3-5 5,5 80 <0,01 10.000 Thiit bi Ige nude bi nhiim asen, cdng xuat 60-80 1/h dat tai ho gia dinh (hinh 2). 76 LSi Nano Igc Asen B$ Igc don chiec T h i ^ til Ioc nii6c xiyiy Asen tnjr6ng m ^ non Hinh 3: TTiiit bi Igc nude bi nhiim asen cong suat 3001/h NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 6 - THANG 6/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE - Cap Ige tho: Vat lieu polypropylen vdi kich thude Ioc: 5-10 pm (micro met). Bang 4: Kit qua phan tich va hieu qua xii ly asen dgt 1 - d p Igc tinh: Vat lieu than boat tinh dang hat 12 mm. STT Ten va ky hieu mau 1 Hp gia dinh Truoc thiet bi Sau thi^t bi Truong MN Cao Duong Truoc thiet bi Sau thiet bi - d p loe tinh xu ly asen: Vat lieu Igc nano. 4. Kiim nghiem thiit hi Noi dung kiem nghiem thiit hi gdm: Kha nang Ioc asen ciia thiit bj d thuc te; theo doi tinh trang hoat dong (rd ri, hd van, tic ..) vl Itm lugng..; vl ele van d i phIt sinh khIc. Thdi gian kiim nghiem thiit bi trong 1 thang, mdi dgt quan trie vl lay mlu nude each nhau 7 ngly. Mlu nude dugc giii di phan tich tai Trung tam Phan tich M6i trudng- Vien Khoa hgc Hda e6ng nghe (ky hieu A) vl Phdng Phan tich M6i trudng - Trung tam qudc gia v i Nude sach vl Ve sinh n6ng thdn (ky hieu B). i a. Quy trinh lay miu nude Lly mlu nude trudc vl sau thiet bi Igc d thuc dia theo cIc tieu chuan sau: TCVN 5992:1995 (ISO 56672: 1991): Chit lugng nude - Lly mlu. Hudng din ky thuat lay mlu; TCVN 5993:1995 (ISO 5667-3: 1985): Chit lugng nude - Lay mlu. Hudng din bao quan vl xir ly mlu; TCVN 6663-5:2009 - Chat lugng nude Lay mlu. Mlu nude trudc thiet bi (tnrde khi xu ly) lay tai van tdng elp nude vIo thiit hi: mlu sau thiet bi (sau khi dugc xii ly) lly sau khi nude chay qua thief bi duge khoang 15 phiit. Nude duge chiia trong chai nhua PE dung tich 350 - 500 ml ed nip kin. Khi lay mlu ed dai dien don vi su dung thiit hi chimg kiin vl ky vIo bien ban lly mlu. Mlu trudc thiit hi ky hieu Ml; mlu sau thiit bi ky hieu M2. b. Phuong phap phan tich Phuong phIp phan tich xae dinh ele thong sd chit lugng nude thuc hien theo ele tieu chuan hien hanh eiia Viet Nam: TCVN 6626-2000 (ISO 119691996) - Xle dinh asen. Phuong phIp do hap thu nguyen tir (ky thuat hydros). Mlu nude sau khi Ige duge so sinh vdi QCVN01:2009/BYT quy dinh miic gidi ban cae chi tieu chat lugng ddi vdi nude diing d i an udng (ggi tit 11 nude an udng). 2 Nong dp asen (mg/1) Ml M2 0,09 <0,005 Ml M2 0,1 <0,005 Bang 5: Kit qua phan tich va hieu qua xix ly asen dgt 2 STT Ten va ky hieu mSu 1 Hp gia dinh Truoc thiet bi Sau thi&t bi Truong MN Cao Duong Trudc thiet bi Sau thiet bi Truong MN Thi Nguyen Truoc thiet bi Sau thiet bi 2 3 Ky hieu mSu Ndng dp asen (mg/1) A B Ml M2 0,25 0,005 0,230 0,005 Ml M2 0,15 0,01 0,145 0,002 Ml M2 0,2 <0,005 Bang 6: Kit qua phan tich va lieu qua xu ly asenI dgt 3 TT Ten va ky hieu miu 1 Hp gia dinh Truac thiet bi Sau thiet bi Trucmg MN Cao Duong Truoc thiet bi Sau thiet bi Truong MN Thi Nguyen Truoc thiet bi Sau thiet bi 2 3 ky hieu mau Nong dp asen (mg/1) A B Ml M2 0,32 <0,005 0,27 0,005 Ml M2 0,3 <0,005 0,265 <0,005 Ml M2 0,03 <0,005 0,025 <0,001 Bang 7: Kit qua phan tich va hieu qua xii ly asen dgt 4 TT 1 2 c. Ket qua xd ly asen ciia thiet bi Kit qui xii ly asen cua thiit hi kiem nghiem tai hien tru-dng duge trinh bIy trong cIc blng 4, 5 vl 6 dudi day. Ky hieu mau 3 Nong dp asen (mg/1) Ten va ky hieu m&u Truong MN Cao Duong Truoc thiet bi Sau thiet bi Truong MN Thi Nguyen Truoc thiet bi Sau thiet bi Hp gia dinh Trudc thiet bi Sau thiet bi NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 6 - THANG 6/2010 Ml M2 0,06 0,005 Ml M2 0,09 <0,005 Ml M2 0,09 0,02 77 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE d. Danh gia kiem nghiem trudng thiet bi ngoai hien - Qua k i t qua 4 dot lly mlu theo doi chi tieu asen cac mlu trudc thiit hi diu vugt QCVN01:2009/BYT tir 3 lln din 30 lln (mlu M13, M15), sau khi loe qua thiit bi sd mlu ed ndng do asen dudi 0,01 mg/1 II 95,45% (theo QCVN 01: 2009/BYT). Rieng 1 mlu nude lay lln thii tu eua hd gia dinh sau khi xet nghiem cho k i t qua 0,03 mg/1 gIp 30 lln quy chuan cho phep, chiim 4,55%. - Cd su sai khIe giiia hai noi phan tich nhung k i t qua sai khIe kh6ng nhiiu, nen chat lugng Ige bao dim yeu cau. - Thiit hi van hanh theo diing thiit k i ban diu dua ra, khong hi bi tie, d i van h i n h quan ly. - Thiit hi dat tai ho gia dinh din lln thii tu kh6ng dat tieu chuan theo quy dinh II do su dung q u i cong suit (Tinh theo tdng lugng nude ehly qua thiit hi) din tdi hieu suit Igc kem. III. KET LUAN Hieu qua Igc eua thiit bi ddi vol ngudn nude bi nhiim asen trong pham vi ndng do asen gap 30 lln tieu chuan cho phep. Ddi vdi viing bi nhiim asen cao, de keo dii tudi thg eiia loi Igc nano vl tang hieu q u i Ige cIn kit hgp vdi ele e6ng nghe khac nhu loe qua elt vl cac chat hap thu khIe. Khi dd kha nang Igc nude ed nhiim asen vdi ndng do cao hon se tang. Qua kit qua nghien eiiu va thii nghiem thiit hi tai hien trudng cho thay su dung vat lieu nano trong thiit hi Igc nude hi nhiim asen mang tinh kha thi rat cao. Chat lugng Ige dam bao tieu chuan quy dinh QCVN 01: 2009/BYr. Viec san xult thiit hi phue vu nhu elu loe nude eiia nhan dan viing hi nhiim asen II holn toln k h i thi. Tren eo sd k i t q u i da ed eIn tiip tuc holn thien, xay dung quy trinh san xuat, tiin tdi xay dung dai tra thiit hi loe nude bi nhiim asen. TAIUEUTHAMKHAO 1. Center for Biological and Environmental Nanoteehnology (2006). Annual Report to the National Science Foundation (NSF). Year 2006. 2. D i tai RDN04-01. Hoan thien cong nghe xii ly nuoc de ap dung cho mot sd trudng hgp nguon nude bi nhiim arsenic, ngudn nude nhiim amoni voi ham luong Idn. Cong ty Nude vl Moi trudng Viet Nam thuc hien nam 2005-2006; chii nhiem KS. Dinh Viet Dudng. 3. HI Luong Thuin v l nnk (2009). Bio clo d i tii "Nghien ciiu thiit k i , c h i tao thiit bi su dung vat lieu nano d i xtr ly nude ed nhiim asen phue vu cap nude sinh boat n6ng th6n. 4. Ngo Ngoe Cat and Ngo Viet Dung (2004). Groundwater contamination by arsenic in Ha Nam province and experiment of treatment technologies in household scale. Proceedings of the second International Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment. 5. Tran Hieu Nhue (2000). Some arsenic treatment technologies in the groundwater serving domestic water supply in urban and rural areas. International Conference on Arsenic contamination, Hanoi. RESEARCH RESULT OF DESIGNING AND PRODUCTTHE ARSENIC FILTER EQUIPMENT USING NANO MATERIAL FOR ARSENIC TREATMENT Ha Luong Thuan Summary Groundwater contamination by arsenic at high degree in Red river delta and other provinces. Arsenic content of groundwater are higher than standard of drinking water as QCVN 01: 2009/BYr. Arsenic filter equipment using nano material was designed and produced for drinking water purpose. Arsenic filter equipment with deference capacity as 60-80 1/h, 200-240 1/h, 300-350 1/b, and 450-500 1/h was tested in laboratory and in the field. The experiment of the equipment is in good result with arsenic content is 0.01 mg/1, it take 95.45% of total 22 water sample and good operation and management. The equipment will operate bester when combination with other measures. Keywords: Arsenic, contamination by arsenic, nano material arsenic Slter equipment, drinking water, experiment Ngudi phan bien: PGS.TS. Hoang Thai Dai 78 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 6 - THANG 6/2010
Documentos relacionados
Tiềm lực Việt Kiều chưa được khai thác hiệu quả
Nam d nudc ngoai, hien nay ed khoang 2,7 trieu ngudi Viet Nam darig Iam an, sinh sdng tai gin 90 qud'c gia vl viing llnh tho (khoing 80% dang sdng d d e nudc phit trien), vai ban 300.000 ngudi cd t...
Leia mais920/MH-UBND
Vigt Nam, nudc ngodi hoat d$ng trong khu vuc cAm, khu vgc bdLo v€ vd vanh dai an toin Cdn cu qudn sg Cam Ranh. 2. Truong hqp c6 th6a thu{n khdc giira qudc gia c6 nguoi, phuong tiQn ra, vdLo, ho4t.d...
Leia maisdam.vn Truyen
Dilin hinh: Ngiry 17/6/2014, ch! Ng6 Thi Thanh Vdn c6 nhgn mQt cuQc diQn tho4i c6 nQi dung: chi Van bi m6t gi6y CMND vd dd bi nh6m d6i tugng budn b.an ma tfy lay {ung dC mo tei khorin ngdn hdng Sac...
Leia maisBước đầu đánh giá rối loạn lo âu trên các bệnh nhân mắc một số
Trudc hSt khi tien hanh nghiSn cihi mdi tuong quan giira mirc do lo au theo tudi chiing tdi nhan tbay miic do lo au ctia cic benh nban tang dan tbeo tudi vdi miic y nghla thong kS (p = 0.007 theo P...
Leia mais