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NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY International scientific research journal of zoology and animal ecology of the Herpetological Club - Oradea Univeristy of Oradea, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology Univeristatii str. No.1, Oradea – 410087, Romania Publisher: University of Oradea Publishing House Contact e-mail: [email protected] NORTH – WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY (International journal of zoology and animal ecology) ACCEPTED PAPER - Online until proofing - Authors: Hans THOMASSEN; Samuel Campos GOMIDES; Emanuel Teixeira da SILVA; Hugo B.A. PINTO; Felipe S. F. LEITE; Paulo C.A. GARCIA Title: New state record and updated geographic distribution for the little known Psilophthalmus paeminosus (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) Journal: North-Western Journal of Zoology Article number: e162504 Status: awaiting English spelling editing awaiting proofing How to cite: Thomassen H., Gomides S.C., Silva E.T.d., Pinto H.B.A., Leite F.S.F., Garcia P.C.A. (2016): New state record and updated geographic distribution for the little known Psilophthalmus paeminosus (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae). North-Western Journal of Zoology (2016): e162504 Date published: <2016-03-30> Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 1 2 New state record and updated geographic distribution for the little known Psilophthalmus paeminosus (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) 3 Hans THOMASSEN1,*, Samuel Campos GOMIDES1, Emanuel Teixeira da SILVA1, Hugo B. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 4 5 A. PINTO2, Felipe S. F. LEITE3, Paulo C. A. GARCIA1 6 7 1. Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 8 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 9 2. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e 10 Conservação de Répteis e Anfíbios-RAN, 74605090, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. 11 3. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus Florestal, Florestal, Rodovia LMG 818, km 06, 12 35690-000, MG, Brazil. 13 * Corresponding author, Hans Thomassen, Email: [email protected] 14 15 Running title: Geographic distribution of Psilophthalmus paeminosus 16 N 17 1 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 Abstract: The monotypic gymnophthalmid genus Psilophthalmus is endemic to the Caatinga 19 biome in the states of Bahia and Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. Herein, we present a new record 20 of P. paeminosus, extending its range 600 km southward until northern state of Minas Gerais, 21 southeastern Brazil, and present an updated distribution map for the species. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 18 22 23 Keywords. Psammophilous, Caatinga, Cerrado, Espinhaço Range, Biogeography. N 24 2 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 Psilophthalmus is a monotypic gymnophthalmid genus represented by P. paeminosus 26 Rodrigues, 1991. It is a small psammophilous lizard (SVL: 34.1mm to 38.1mm), usually 27 found buried in sandy soils or under leaf litter, fallen trunks, cacti, bromeliads and other 28 hideouts (Rodrigues 1991, Delfim et al. 2006). Up to now it is reported only for four 29 municipalities inserted in the Caatinga biome (IBGE, 2004): Santo Inácio (type locality) and 30 Vacaria, in the dune fields of the middle São Francisco river, Bahia state (Rodrigues 1991); 31 Paulo Afonso, Bahia state (Garda et al. 2013) and Canindé do São Francisco, Sergipe state 32 (Delfim et al. 2006), both in the lower São Francisco valley. Psilophthalmus paeminosus is 33 classified as near threatened in the Brazilian list of threatened species (MMA 2014) and as 34 Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, because of its habitat- 35 specialism and presumably narrow endemism (Nogueira 2013). In the present paper we 36 extend the geographic distribution of P. paeminosus (Fig. 1) through its first record for the 37 state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil (Fig. 2). 38 We collected four adult specimens of P. paeminosus during a herpetofaunal survey 39 between 16 and 22 of January 2014, in the protected reserve Parque Estadual de Grão Mogol 40 (PEGM) and its surroundings, municipality of Grão Mogol, northern state of Minas Gerais. 41 All individuals were outside the limits of the PEGM, but in its buffer area. The studied area 42 lies between elevations ranging from 650 m a.s.l. in the lowlands of the Itacambiraçu river, to 43 1299 m a.s.l. in mountaintops of the Espinhaço range. Climate is markedly seasonal, with a 44 rainy season from October to April. The vegetation of Grão Mogol is a mosaic of arboreal 45 savannah (Fig. 3), semi-deciduous forest, “carrascos” (closed, tall-shrubby, xerophilous N o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 25 46 vegetation on quartz sand soils), and predominantly “campos rupestres” (rupestrian 47 grasslands, Pirani et al. 2003). For more information on evolution and ecology of “campos 48 rupestres” see Silveira et al. 2015. We installed 13 lines of pitfall traps with drift fences; each 49 grid comprised 10 30 L buckets, and eight meters of plastic fence between each bucket (total 3 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 length = 80 m each). We kept open all buckets during eleven days (total sampling = 264 51 hours). We captured three specimens by traps (UFMG 2188, 2221, 2226) and one by active 52 search hidden under the leaf litter (UFMG 2189). All specimens inhabited areas with sandy 53 soil, sparse vegetation, available leaf litter and close to campo rupestre, see figure 3 for 54 detailed information. We collected all specimens near the Itacambiraçu River, the main 55 watercourse of the region and a tributary of Jequitinhonha River basin (Fig. 2). We deposited 56 the voucher specimens at Coleção Herpetológica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 57 (UFMG), Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Instituto Chico Mendes de 58 Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio, license number #42369-1) and Instituto Estadual de 59 Florestas (IEF, license number 004/2014) provided collecting permits. We described the 60 morphological variation of collected specimens in Table 1. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 50 We found all individuals at 730 m a.s.l. occurring on its previously known type of 62 habitat (i.e., sandy soils; Rodrigues 1991, Delfim et al. 2006). Up to now, all specimens of P. 63 paeminosus have been recorded close to the right bank of the São Francisco River at a 64 maximum distance of 70 km from the river. Our new record lies 600 km southward from the 65 species’ closest record in Santo Inácio, Bahia, and at the right side of the São Francisco River, 66 in the Jequitinhonha River basin (Fig. 2). 67 Rodrigues (1984a, b, 1991a, b, c) described several lizard species and genera for the 68 Paleoquaternary dune fields of the middle São Francisco River, many of them considered 69 endemic to the Caatinga biome, including P. paeminosus. The faunal composition of these 70 dune fields is markedly diverse with endemic fossorial and psammophilous species distinct N 61 71 from adjacent areas (Rodrigues 1996). However, in the past few years species described from 72 these dune fields and considered restricted to the region have been recorded elsewhere. For 73 instance, Procellosaurinus erythrocercus (Rodrigues 1991), another gymnophthalmid 74 regarded as a middle São Francisco River dune endemic, was found further north in the state 4 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 of Piauí (Delfim et al. 2011). Similar to P. erythrocercus, the gymnophtalmid genus 76 Calyptommatus (Rodrigues 1991a) was endemic to the São Francisco dune fields until 77 Rodrigues et al. (2001) described Calyptommatus confusionibus, from the Parque Nacional 78 Serra das Confusões, in the state of Piauí. Not a lizard, but also a psammophilous species, the 79 fossorial snake, Typhlops amoipira was considered endemic to the São francisco dune field 80 until it was found southwards at the State of Minas Gerais (Fernandes et al. 2010), and later 81 eastwards in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Alagoas (Brito & Freire 2012). 82 Although the region of Grão Mogol is located inside the limits of the Cerrado biome 83 (according to IBGE 2004), it actually lies in a transition zone between the Caatinga, Cerrado 84 and Atlantic Forest biomes, evidenced by the complex and high diverse vegetation mosaic 85 that characterizes the region (Pirani et al. 2003). Indeed, some patches of vegetation in Grão 86 Mogol resemble that of the Caatinga, by the presence of several cacti and deciduous shrub 87 species (Pirani et al. 2003; Fig. 3). It is important to note that there seem to be two candidate 88 new species for the genus Psilophthalmus. The first recorded inside the Cerrado biome limits, 89 at the left side of the São Francisco River in the Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas (Fig. 90 2), northwestern Minas Gerais (Recoder & Nogueira, 2007). The other, inside the Caatinga 91 biome limits, recorded for the Chapada Diamantina (northern segment of the Serra do 92 Espinhaço mountain range) at municipality of Mucugê and Palmeiras, Bahia state (Freitas & 93 Silva 2007 and Freitas et al. 2012). Freitas & Silva 2007 comment about specimens found on 94 the Planalto de Conquista, Bahia state and northeastern region of Minas Gerais, however, 95 without detailing specific municipalities or locations. The area where these specimens were N o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 75 96 found also consists of sandy soils, the same habitat of P. paeminosus in Grão Mogol. 97 However, taxonomic studies are not available to ascertain if the specimens registered by 98 Recoder & Nogueira (2007) and Freitas & Silva (2007) are P. paeminosus or a different 99 species. 5 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 100 Our record adds important information for future reassessment on the conservation status of P. paeminosus. As the species occurs at the buffer area of the protected reserve 102 Parque Estadual de Grão Mogol, some populations may also occur inside the limits of the 103 protected area, a positive factor for the permanence of P. paeminosus in the region. 104 Furthermore, the distribution pattern of the genus Psilophthalmus inside the Caatinga, and its 105 transitional area, together with recent species distribution extensions (e.g., Psyhosaura 106 agmostica, Magalhães et al. 2014; and Tupinambis teguixin, Passos et al. 2013) shows how 107 little we know about the Caatinga faunal diversity. Therefore, new surveys are important to 108 complement knowledge of this important biome, endemic to Brazil. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 101 109 110 111 Acknowledgments: We are gratefull to Fernando Leal, Samantha Lee Oliveira, Carlos 112 Abrahão, Julia Soares Parreiras, Mario R. Moura, Pedro Rocha and Claudiane Werneck for 113 their help in fieldwork at Grão Mogol; Henrique Caldeira Costa for his valuable suggestions 114 on a first draft of this manuscript; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis e 115 Anfíbios (RAN) and Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for 116 financial support concerning the PAN Herpetofauna do Espinhaço. SCG is grateful to CAPES 117 for scholarship; ETS is grateful to CNPq for scholarship; 118 N 119 6 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 References 121 Brito, P.S., Freire, E.M.X. (2012): New records and geographic distribution map of Typhlops 122 amoipira Rodrigues and Juncá, 2002 (Typhlopidae) in the Brazilian Rainforest. Check 123 List 8(6): 1347–1349. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 120 124 Delfim, F.R., Gonçalves, E.M., Silva, S.T. (2006): Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, 125 Psilophthalmus paeminosus: distribution extension, new state record. Checklist 2(3): 126 89-92. 127 Delfim, F.R., Mesquita, D.O., Ferreira, H.F., Cavalcanti, L.B.Q. (2011): Procellosaurinus 128 erythrocercus 129 extension. Check List 7(6): 856-858. Rodrigues, 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): Distribution 130 Fernandes, V.D., Moura, M.R., Dayrell, J.S., Santana, D.J., Lima, L.H.R. (2010): Reptilia, 131 Squamata, Serpentes, Typhlopidae, Typhlops amoipira Rodrigues and Juncá, 2002: 132 Range extension and new state record. Check List 6(2): 268-269. 133 134 Freitas M.A. & Silva, T.F.S. (2007). A Herpetofauna das Caatingas e Áreas de Altitudes do Nordeste Brasileiro. Pelotas: USEB. 388pp. 135 Freitas, M.A., Veríssimo, D., Uhlig, V. (2012): Squamate Reptiles of the central Chapada 136 Diamantina, with a focus on the municipality of Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil. Check 137 List 8(1): 016-022. Garda, A.A., Costa, T.B., Silva, C.R.S., Mesquita, D.O., Faria, R.G., Conceição, B.M., Silva, 139 I.R.S., Ferreira, A.S., Rocha, S.M., Palmeira, C.N.S., Rodrigues, R., Ferrari, S.F., 140 Torquato, S. (2013): Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga I: Raso da N 138 141 Catarina Ecological Station (Bahia, Brazil). Check List 9(2): 405–414. 142 IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2004): Mapa de Biomas do Brasil – 143 primeira aproximação. < http://mapas.ibge.gov.br/tematicos>. Downloaded at 11 June 144 2014. 7 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 145 Magalhães Jr, AJC, Pereira, LCM, Nicola, PA, Ribeiro, LB, Junior SMA. (2014): 146 Distribuição geográfica de Psychosaura agmosticha (Rodrigues, 2000) (Squamata, 147 Mabuyidae). Biotemas, 27: 217-222. MMA - Ministério do Meio Ambiente. (2014): Portaria Nº 444, de 17 de Dezembro de 2014. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 148 149 Diário Oficial da União - seção 1, Nº 245: 121-126. 150 Passos D.C., Lima-Araujo F, Melo A.C.B., Borges-Nojosa D.M. (2013): New state record and 151 distribution extension of the golden tegu Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus, 1758) 152 (Squamata:Teiidae) to the Caatinga biome, northeastern Brazil. Check List. 9:1524- 153 1526. 154 155 Pirani, J.R., Mello-Silva, R., Giulietti, A.M., (2003): Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 21(1): 1-24. 156 Recoder, R., Nogueira, C. (2007): Composição e diversidade de répteis na região sul do 157 Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica 7(3): 267- 158 278. 159 160 161 162 Rodrigues, M.T. (1984a): Uma nova espécie brasileira de Tropidurus com crista dorsal (Sauria, Iguanidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 35(16): 169-175. Rodrigues, M.T. (1984b): Notobachia ablephara: novo gênero e espécie do nordeste do Brasil (Sauria, Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 35(28): 361-366. Rodrigues, M.T. (1991a): Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio São Francisco: Bahia: 164 Brasil: I. Introdução à área e descrição de um novo gênero de microteiídeos 165 (Calyptommatus) com notas sobre sua ecologia, distribuição e especiação (Sauria, N 163 166 Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 37(19): 285-320. 167 Rodrigues, M.T. (1991b): Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio São Francisco: Bahia: 168 Brasil: II. Psilophthalmus: um novo gênero de microteiídeos sem pálpebras (Sauria, 169 Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 37(20): 321-327. 8 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 Rodrigues, M.T. (1991c): Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio São Francisco: Bahia: 171 Brasil: III. Procellosaurinus: um novo gênero de microteiídeos sem pálpebras, com a 172 redefinição do gênero Gymnophthalmus (Sauria, Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 173 37(21): 329-342. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y 170 174 175 Rodrigues, M.T. (1996): Lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians from the Quaternary sand dunes of the middle rio São Francisco: Bahia: Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 30(4): 513-523. 176 Rodrigues, M. T, H. Zaher and F. Curcio. (2001): A new species of lizard, gênus 177 Calyptommatus, from the caatingas of the state of piaui, northeastern Brazil (Squamata, 178 Gymnophthalmidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 41(28): 529-546. 179 Silveira, F. A. O., Negreiros, D., Barbosa, N. P. U., Buisson, E., Carmo, F. F., Carstensen, D. 180 W., Conceição, A. A., Cornelissen, T. G., Echternacht, L., Fernandes, G. W., Garcia, Q. 181 S., Guerra, T. J., Jacobi, C. M.,Lemos-Filho, J. P., Le Stradic, S., Morellato, L. P. C., 182 Neves, F. S., Oliveira, R. S., Schaefer, C. E., Viana, P. L., Lambers, H. (2015): Ecology 183 and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected 184 conservation priority. Plant Soil s11104-015-2637-8 N 185 9 o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 186 Table 1. Pholidosis and measurements (mm) of Psilophthalmus paeminosus, collected in county of Grão Mogol, state of Minas Gerais, 187 southeastern Brazil, in accordance with its description by Rodrigues (1991). VS = number of ventral scales; DS = number of dorsal scales; SAM 188 = Scales around midbody; SC = number of supraciliary scales; SO = number of supraocular scales; SL = number of supralabial scales; IL = 189 number of infralabial scales; P = number of pores on each thigh; LI = number of infradigital lamellae; SVL = snout vent length. Coordinates 190 given for Rodrigues (1991) are approximated, based on P. paeminosus type locality. 191 Table 1. VS DS SAM SC SO SL IL P LI SVL Sex UFMG 2221 25 37 20 3 2 7 5 0 17 37.5 F -16.591117° -42.961696° UFMG 2226 27 38 19 3 2 7 7 0 17 34.1 F -16.603000° -42.925933° UFMG 2189 25 37 17 3 2 7 7 5 16 38.1 M -16.591117° -42.961696° UFMG 2188 27 39 20 3 2 7 7 0 17 35.1 F -16.604000° -42.937950° Rodrigues (1991) 24, 25 36, 37 20, 21 3 2 7 7 4, 6 15, 17 35.1 -11.110696° -42.718339° N UFMG Coordinates 10 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 Figure 1. A female (SVL 37.5 mm) Psilophthalmus paeminosus (UFMG-2221) found at Parque Estadual de Grão Mogol (-16.591117°, -42.961696°), State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y Figure 2. Distribution map of Psilophthalmus paeminosus, depicting biomes and main river watersheds. Black circles denote literature records: 1. Vacaria [Rodrigues (1996)]; 2. Paulo Afonso [Garda et al. (2013)] in Bahia state (BA); 3. Canindé do São Francisco [Delfim et al. (2006); in Sergipe state (SE); 4. Palmeiras [Freitas & Silva (2007)]; 5. Mucugê [Freitas et al. (2012)], in Bahia state); 6. Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas [Recoder & Nogueira, (2007)]. Black star represents the type locality in Santo Inácio [Rodrigues (1996)]; and the red circle denote the records from this study in Minas Gerais state (MG). Figure 3. Environments where specimens of Psilophthalmus paeminosus were found at Parque Estadual de Grão Mogol, State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Clockwise from upper left: A - closed, tall-shrubby, xerophilous vegetation on quartz sand soil; B - arboreal savannah, typical of the Brazilian Cerrado; C - open vegetation on sandy soil, with emphasis on the cactus Pilosocereus fulvilanatus; D - leaf-litter in arboreal savannah, with emphasis on N the “palm cactus” Tacinga inamoena. 11 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 N o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y Figure 1. 12 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 N o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y Figure 2. 13 Citation as online first paper: North-western Journal of Zoology 2015: e162504 N o Ac rth ce -w pt es ed te pa rn pe Jo r - urn un al til of pr Zo oo o fin log g y Figure 3. 14
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