Relatório de Viagem – Reunião do ACRIDICON-CHUVA em
Transcrição
Relatório de Viagem – Reunião do ACRIDICON-CHUVA em
Relatório de Viagem – Reunião do ACRIDICON-CHUVA em Mainz, Alemanha dias 4 e 5 de Março de 2015. A reunião teve a presença dos responsáveis pelos instrumentos das aeronaves, dos alunos envolvidos e dos responsáveis científicos da missão ACRIDICON-CHUVA. O local foi o Max Planck Institute for Chemistry em Mainz, Alemanha. A reunião ocorreu na quinta e sexta feira. Na reunião apresentei os estudos que estão sendo elaborados dentro do projeto CHUVA relacionados com a campanha aérea que ocorreu em setembro de 2014 em Manaus: a) um estudo sobre a formação de nuvens sobre floresta e pastagem, b) um estudo sobre a validação do satélite GPM e outro sobre c) as características das distribuições de gotas de nuvens em função da qualidade do ar (ambientes poluídos e limpos). Na reunião foi apresentado o status da compilação dos dados de cada instrumento e os tópicos de pesquisa que estão sendo avaliados. Além da discussão sobre cada instrumento, os primeiros resultados e as equipes envolvidas, foram definidos na reunião os seguintes pontos: a) Haverá um número especial da revista ACP (Atmopheric Chemistry and Physics) com submissão iniciando em Setembro de 2015 e se encerrando em Junho 2016; b) Será proposta uma sessão especial Goamazon-Acridicon-Chuva na reunião da American Geophysical Union, em dezembro de 2015; c) Foi definido um Worskhop do projeto no Brasil em março de 2016; d) Foi elaborada uma lista de tópicos científicos que estão sendo desenvolvidos para fomentar a colaboração e participação e pesquisadores brasileiros na pesquisa (lista em anexo). A reunião foi muito produtiva, tanto do ponto de vista das discussões científicas, bem como a cerca do processamento dos dados e dos diversos resultados preliminares que estão sendo obtidos. Contudo, considero como o principal resultado desta reunião o desenvolvimento de procedimentos para estimular a parceria destes estudos com a comunidade científica brasileira. Luiz A T Machado Scientific Questions 1. Science question What determines the height for warm rain initiation and cloud glaciation? people Danny Input Data instruments Cloud and precipitation probes Updrafts CCN Interested people Danny Input Data instruments Cloud and precipitation probes Updrafts CCN Interested people Danny Input Data instruments HAI, SHARK Cloud probes Updrafts and temperatures CCN Interested people Danny Input Data instruments Cloud and precipitation probes SP2 CCN CO Hypothesis: Smaller cloud drops cause colder glaciation temperatures, so factors reducing drop size also elevate glaciation height. 2. Science question How much latent heat of freezing depends on early rainout? Hypothesis: Cloud aerosol invigoration occurs, in part, due to aerosols preventing early rainout of cloud water from reaching the freezing level. 3. Science question How much supersaturation and unrealized latent heating occurs under various conditions in clouds? Hypothesis: Warm cloud un-invigoration might occur due high S as a result of low condensation sinks in raining clouds. 4. Science question What is the relation between the top heights of detrained PBL- originated aerosols and the height for rain initiation? Hypothesis: PBL aerosols serve as CCN and detrain as long as cloud drops evaporate instead of coalesce and precipitate. Deeper clouds cause deeper aerosol layer with greater AOD, leading to positive associations between cloud "invigoration" and AOD. 5. Science question Retrieving CCN from space by using clouds as CCN chambers Interested people Danny Mira Input Data instruments CCN from all sources and locations Cloud base updrafts from lidar and aircraft Interested people Florian,Jäkel,Kölling (?) Danny Input Data instruments Eagle Eye cloud scanner NPP/VIIRS Aircraft cloud probes Interested people Andy et al, Joachim Input Data instruments Hypothesis: Satellite retrieved cloud base updrafts and Nd provide S, and thus CCN(S). This requires more validation against observations. 6. Science question How accurate can we remotely sense cloud vertical profiles of Re and phase by aircraft cloud scanner and satellite? Hypothesis: Cloud scanners can provide useful vertical profiles. Compare satellite to cloud scanner. Validate against aircraft measurements. 7. Science question Production of CCN aerosols in deep convection 8. Science question Influence of deep convection on particle formation and vert aerosol distribution Interested people Fütterer, Joachim Input Data instruments Interested people Schneider, Mertes, Weigel, Schlager Input Data instruments Interested people Luiz Input Data instruments Interested people Luiz Input Data instruments 9. Science question Life cycle of aerosol particles, activation transport tranmsformation outflow, polluted-nonpolluted 10. Science question How clouds move from Cb to precipitation, lightning 11. Science question Forested-deforested cloud contrast 12. Science question IWC and microphysics in the outflow and effects of pollution Interested people Christiane Voigt Input Data instruments Interested people Martina et al, Joachim Input Data instruments Interested people Mira, Martina Input Data instruments Interested people Micael Input Data instruments 13. Science question Cloud properties in mixed-phase and cirrus regimes 14. Science question CCN versus CDN 15. Science question Characterization of cloud hydrometeor size distribution, charc/parametrization as a function of pollution … 16. Science question Nitrogen oxides biomass burning versus lightning Interested people Helmut Input Data instruments Interested people Bernadett Input Data instruments Interested people Max Input Data instruments Interested people Tobias, Evi Input Data instruments 17. Science question HASI charactzerization 18. Science question Vertical carbon distribution 19. Science question Dust layers, trace gases detected with specMACS 20. Science question specMACS and HAI Interested people Uli, Tobias, Bernhard, PMS Input Data instruments Interested people Emma, Ralf Input Data instruments Interested people Mira, Christopher Input Data instruments Interested people Schumann, Bodenschatz, Bernhard Input Data instruments 21. Science question Ice particle microphysics in outflow vertical/spatial structure effects of pollution and scattering properties 22. Science question BC coating mechanism 23. Science question Turbulence in clouds 24. Science question Back-trajectories and meteorological conditions, aerosol time series (ATTO and regional) Interested people Luiz, Heini, Manfred, Mira, Christopher Input Data instruments Interested people Fabian, Micael, Luiz, Tobias Input Data instruments Interested people Luiz, Ramon, Bernhard Input Data instruments Interested people Christopher Input Data instruments 25. Science question LES and droplet statistics, radiative transfer 26. Science question How representative are aircraft measurements in regional scale (G1, HALO comparison) 27. Science question WRF-CHEM simulations 28. Science question Outflow and natural cirrus microphysical retrievals: Satellite versus aircraft Interested people Trismono Input Data instruments Interested people Hans, Helmut Input Data instruments 29. Science question Several topics related to outflow and vertical transport Relatório Viagem ao SIMEPAR e EPAGRI Período: 25 a 27 de Julho Objetivo: Discutir a implementação de pesquisa realizada no Projeto CHUVA nos radares de dupla polarização destas Instituições. A viagem permitiu visitar o SIMEPAR, em Curitiba e o EPAGRI, em Florianópolis para propor medidas em seus novos radares de dupla polarização baseado nos resultados obtidos no projeto CHUVA. Em cada Instituição foi apresentada uma palestra apresentando os resultados que o CHUVA obteve utilizando radar de dupla polarização para a realização de previsão imediata e estimativa da precipitação e propondo uma utilização dessas técnicas para a validação dos procedimentos em um ambiente operacional. Estratégias para esse desenvolvimento foram elaboradas, em cada Instituição. Luiz A T Machado Relatório de Viagem. Local: Toulouse França (Laboratoire de Aerologie – CNRS) e Haia-Holanda (Congresso do GEWEX – Ciclo Global da água e da energia). Período: de 8 a 11 em Toulouse e de 12 a 18 em Haia. O objetivo da viagem em Toulouse foi terminar simulações com o modelo numérico de previsão Meso-NH para estudar a organização das nuvens durante a campanha do CHUVA em Santa Maria. Este trabalho mostra que os modelos de previsão de tempo não organizam as nuvens como elas são observadas na natureza (satélite e radar). Os modelos numéricos de previsão apresentam uma maior quantidade de nuvens pequenas que observada na natureza. Simulações com diferentes parametrizações da turbulência mostram que as simulações com turbulência e três dimensões, representando os fluxos laterais de turbulência apresentam uma descrição muito mais precisa do campo de nuvens que com parametrizações em uma dimensão. Nesse período foram realizadas simulações para análise do entranhamento de ar nas nuvens e elaborado planejamento das etapas para a conclusão do estudo. Esse trabalho foi apresentado na reunião do GEWEX e o resumo se encontra abaixo. Em Haia ocorreu a reunião do GEWEX que conta com os maiores especialistas em medidas pro satélites e preparação de bases globais para estudo do clima. Nessa reunião foram apresentados os dois estudos abaixo. A reunião teve reuniões paralelas como o Grupo de preparação de dados Globais, na qual participei como convidado e as apresentações do Congresso e posters conforme programa descrito abaixo. Resumos dos estudos apresentados: From Clouds to Rainfall, from Storm to Thunderstorm: The CHUVA Project Luiz A. T. Machado, Enrique Mattos and Alan Calheiros. CPTEC-INPE Brazil The Characteristics of the clouds, rainfall and storms and thunderstorms in Brazil is studied using the data form the CHUVA Project. CHUVA, meaning “rain” in Portuguese, is the acronym for the Cloud processes of tHe main precipitation systems in Brazil: A contribUtion to cloud resolVing modeling and to the GPM (GlobAl Precipitation Measurement). The CHUVA project (2010 to the present) has conducted five field campaigns; the sixth and last campaign will be held in Manaus from February to October2014. CHUVA's main scientific motivation is to contribute to the understanding of cloud processes, which represent one of the least understood components of the weather and climate system. The five CHUVA campaigns were designed to measure specific tropical weather regimes. The first two experiments, Alcântara and Fortaleza, in northeast Brazil focused on warm clouds. The third campaign, conducted in Belém, was dedicated to the large tropical squall lines that often form along the sea-breeze front. The fourth campaign was in the Paraiba Valley of southeastern Brazil, which is a region with intense lightning activity; the main goal was to study the cloud process evolution from deep convection to thunderstorms. The fifth campaign was carried out at the end of 2012 in Santa Maria, southern Brazil, a region of very intense hailstorms associated with frequent mesoscale convective complexes. The data collected from contrasting precipitation regimes in tropical continental regions allow to study the various cloud processes in diverse environments to be compared. This study focus on the cloud processes intercomparison, among regions and cloud types and in the evolution of storms to thunderstorms. These studies employed XPOl radar, microwave radiometers, disdrometers and lightning mapping array. The most different microphysical behavior between storms and thunderstorm was the higher reflectivity, negative Zdr and Kdp above the melting layer. The convective clouds exhibit regional difference, for instance, more intense processes in the mixed layer was found in Vale do Paraiba, probably due to the large amount of supercooled water and graupel. In Belém clouds have more important glaciated layers (larger reflectivities above -15C) and higher cloud tops. We will present the polarimetric differences between storm and thunderstorms and the typical microphysical properties of cloud types in each region of Brazil. Cloud Organization Assessed by Radar and Satellite Observation: Effect of Turbulence Parameterization J.P. Chaboureau and L.A.T. Machado Laboratoire d'Aerologie, Univ. Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France INPE/CPTEC, Cachoeira Paulista/SP, Brazil This study evaluates the cloud and rain cell organization in space and time as forecasted by a cloud-resolving model. The forecasted fields were utilized to generate synthetic satellite and radar images for comparison with Meteosat Second Generation and S-band radar observations. The comparison was made using a tracking technique that computes the size and lifetime of cloud and rain distributions and provides histograms of radiative quantities and cloud top height. The tracking technique was innovatively applied to test the sensitivity of forecasts to the turbulence parameterization. The simulations with 1D turbulence produced too many small cloud systems and rain cells with a shorter lifetime than observed. The 3D turbulence simulations yielded size and lifetime distributions that were very consistent with the observations. Further tests were performed on the sensitivity to the cloud mixing length. Cloud organization was very sensitive to cloud mixing length and the use of a very small value increased the number of small cells, much more than the simulations with 1D turbulence. With a larger mixing length, the total number of cells, mainly the small ones, was strongly reduced. A small cloud mixing length led to more total column integrated rain, ice and graupel and less cloud water than with a larger one. The vertical profiles of turbulent kinetic energy for each type of turbulent parameterization show that the scheme with 3D turbulence describes the cloud evolution very consistently with what was observed by satellite. 7th International Scientific Conference on the Global Water and Energy Cycle The World Forum, The Hague, The Netherlands 14-17 July 2014 Preliminary Program MONDAY, 14 JULY 2014 0700- Conference Registration Session 1 – Trending Now: Water (Chair: Bert Holtslag, Wageningen University) Opening and Welcome 0845-0850 0850-0900 0900-0905 – Bert Holtslag (Wageningen University) – Martin Kropff (Vice-President, Rector Magnificus, Wageningen University) – Antonio J. Busalacchi (Chair, Joint Scientific Committee, World Climate Research Programme) 0905-0915 Expectations for the Conference and GEWEX Science Questions – Kevin Trenberth (National Center for Atmospheric Research) 0915-0945Water and Society – Howard Wheater (University of Saskatchewan) 0945-1005 Water in The Netherlands – Wim Kuijken (Commissioner of the Dutch Delta Programme) 1005-1025 Future prospects for Closing Water Budgets Over Land – Eric Wood (Princeton University) 1025-1030 Logistics for Panels, Posters, and Sessions – Peter van Oevelen (International GEWEX Project Office) Session 2 – Global Observations of Water and Energy Cycles (Chair: Toshio Koike, University of Tokyo) 1100-1130 Energy Budgets – Kevin Trenberth (National Center for Atmospheric Research) 1130-1150 Closing Water Budgets Over the Ocean – Carol Ann Clayson (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) 1150-1210 A Synthesis of Water Budgets in Reanalyses and Observations – Michael Bosilovich (National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center) 1210-1240 Panel: GEWEX Data Analysis and Assessments – Chair: Toshio Koike (University of Tokyo); Christian Kummerow (Colorado State University); Norman Loeb (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 1240-1400 Lunch and Poster Viewing 1400-1500 Session 3 – Posters Topic 1. Advancing climate system knowledge through new observations and field experiments Conveners: Philippe Drobinski (Ecole Polytechnique), Jeffrey Walker (Monash University) Topic 9. Use of climate information and predictions in hydrology and water resources management Conveners: Eric Wood (Princeton University) Marc Bierkens (Utrecht University), Jan Verkade (Delft University of Technology) Topic 15. Biosphere, water, carbon and the climate system Conveners: Markus Reichstein (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry), Stephen Sitch (University of Exeter) Topic 16. New satellite observations for water cycle research and their utility in land surface model assessment and development Conveners: Jay Famiglietti (University of California, Irvine), Xin Li (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Dai Yamazaki (JAMSTEC) Topic 21. The coupling of clouds, precipitations, and radiation to the large-scale circulation Conveners: Sandrine Bony (LMD/IPSL), Chris Bretherton (University of Washington) Topic 22. Improving the representation, cloud, and radiation processes in atmospheric models Conveners: Jon Petch (Met Office), Robert Pincus (University of Colorado), Steve Woolnough (University of Reading) Topic 23. Improving the understanding and modeling of the land-atmosphere interface Conveners: Paul Dirmeyer (GMU), Bert Holtslag (Wageningen University), Adrian Lock (Met Office), Joseph Santanello (NASA/GSFC) 1 MONDAY, 14 JULY 2014 (Continued) 1530-1730 1830 Session 4 – Parallel Oral Presentations Topic: 2. Advances in Analyses and Energy Cycles Co-Chairs: Jörg Schulz (EUMETSAT), March Bierkens (Utrecht UniverMichael Bosilovich (NASA), and sity) and Jan Verkade (Deltares) Mitch Moncrieff (UCAR) Bert Holtslag (Wageningen UR) and Paul Dirmeyer (GMU) 1530-1543 William Rossow (CREST) Stephan Thober (UFZ) Erick Bazile (Meteo France) 1545-1558 Amadou Gaye (UCAD) Shraddhanand Skukla (UCSB) Benoit Guillod (ETH Zurich) 1600-1613 Obbe Tuinenburg (LMD) Kara Smith (NC State Univ.) Alexis Berg (IRI) 1615-1628 Matt McCabe (KAUST) Misako Hatono (Univ. of Tokyo) Mansi Bhowmick (U. of Leeds) 1630-1643 Sergey Gulev (IORAS) Albrecht Weerts (Deltares/WUR) Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano (Wageningen University) 1645-1658 Franklin Robertson (NASA) Elodie Blanc (MIT) Cathy Hohenegger (MPIM) 1700-1713 Stephanie Redi (U. of Cologne) Chris Funk (USGS) Volker Wulfmeyer (U. of Hohenheim 1715-1728 Paul Poli (ECMWF) Sujan Koirala (MPIB) Martin Best (Met Office) 9. Hydrology and Water Management 23. Land-Atmosphere Interface Welcome Reception TUESDAY, 15 JULY 2014 Session 5 – Extremes (Co-Chairs: Ronald Stewart, Univ. of Manitoba and Gabi Hegerl, Univ. of Edinburgh) 0830-0900 Changes in Extremes – Xuebin Zhang (Environment Canada) 0900-0920 Observed Changes in Extremes – Lisa Alexander (Climate Change Research Centre) 0920-0940 Modeling and Prediction of Extremes – Adam Scaife (Met Office, United Kingdom) 0940-1000 Droughts - Siegfried Schubert (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 1000-1030Panel: Understanding, Attributing, and Coping with Extremes – Chair: R onald Stewart (University of Manitoba); Sonia Seneviratne (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich); Gabi Hegerl (University of Edinburgh) 1100-1230 1230-1400 Session 6 – Parallel Oral Presentations Topic: 4. Observations and Climate Extremes 12 and 13. Anthropogenic Effects and High Resolution Hydrology in LSMs 22. Improving Atmospheric Models Co-Chairs: Ronald Stewart (Univ. of Manitoba) and Olga Zolina (LGGE/UJF) Paul Bates (Univ. of Bistrol) and Justin Sheffield (Princeton Univ.) Robert Pincus (Univ. of Colorado), Jon Petch (Met Office), and Steve Woolnough (Univ Reading) 1100-1113 Woutert Dorigo (TU Wien) Ruby Leung (PNNL) Juan Pedro Mellado (MPIM) 1115-1128 Barrie Bonsai (Envir Canada) Edwin Sutanudjaja (Utrecht U) Chris Bretherton (U Washington) 1130-1143 Mimi Hughes (U Colorado) Lan Wang (TU Delft) Hugh Morrison (NCAR) 1145-1158 Geremy Panthou (INRS-ETE) Xicai Pan (U Saskatchewan) Jennifer Fletcher (Monash U) 1200-1213 Simon Brown (Met Office) Dai Yamazaki (JAMSTEC) Sylvie Malardel (ECMWF) 1215-1228 Seth Westra (U Adelaide) Jean-P. Vergnes (Sorbonne U) Catherine Rio (LMD) Lunch and Poster Viewing 2 TUESDAY, 15 JULY 2014 (Continued) 1400-1500 Session 7 – Posters Topic 2. Advances in analysis of observations, reanalysis & model results to improve energy and water cycle processes Conveners: Jörg Schulz (EUMETSAT), Michael Bosilovich (NASA/GSFC), Mitch Moncrieff (NCAR) Topic 4. Observations and changes in climate extremes Conveners: Xuebin Zhang (Environment Canada), Ronald Stewart (University of Manitoba), Olga Zolina (LGGE/UJF) Topic 7. Characterizing, validating, and improving the water cycle in models Conveners: Yukari Takayabu (University of Tokyo), Paul O’Gorman (MIT) Topic 10. Land surface model benchmarking and development Conveners: David Lawrence (NCAR), Martin Best (Met Office), Eleanor Blyth (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology) Topic 12. High resolution hydrological processes and sub-surface waters in land surface models Conveners: Taikan Oki (University of Tokyo), Paul Bates (University of Bistrol), Soroosh Sorooshian (UC, Irvine) Topic 13. Modeling anthropogenic impacts of land-water management in land surface models Conveners: Justin Sheffield (Princeton University), Richard Harding (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology), Sue Grimmond (University of Reading) Topic 17. Cold season precipitation: Projected changes in snow from observations, models, and reanalyses Conveners: Sarah Kapnick Princeton University), Chris Derksen (Environment Canada), Ralf Bennartz (University of Wisconsin-Madison) Topic 20. Cloud to rainfall transitions – linking multi-parameter observations to processes and models Conveners: Christian Kummerow (Colorado State University), Bjorn Stevens (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie), Jay Mace (University of Utah), Hugh Morrison (NCAR), Ben Shipway (Met Office) Topic 22. Improving the representation, cloud, and radiation processes in atmospheric models Conveners: Jon Petch (Met Office), Robert Pincus (University of Colorado), Steve Woolnough (University of Reading) 1530-1730 Session 8 – Parallel Oral Presentations Topic: 7. Water Cycle in Models 8. Global Precipitation 14 and 16. New Satellite Observations for Data Assimilation and Water Cycle Research Co-Chairs: Paul O’Gorman (MIT) and Yukari Takayabu (U of Tokyo) George Huffman (NASA) and Robert Adler (UMD) Rolf Reichle (NASA), Xin Li (CAS), and Dai Yamazaki (JAMSTEC) 1530-1543 William Collins (LBL) Soroosh Sorooshian (UCI) Patricia de Rosnay (ECMWF) 1545-1558 Peter Bechtold (ECMWF) Robert Adler (U Maryland) Wade Crow (USDA ARS) 1600-1613 Simona Bordoni (Caltech) Guojun Gu (ESSIC) Matthias Drusch (ESA) 1615-1628 Kenneth Sperber (LLNL) Haiyan Jiang (FIU) Sujay Kumar (SAIC/NASA) 1630-1643 William Lau (NASA) Cyril Palerme (CNRS, LGGE) Richard Lawford (Morgan U) 1645-1658 Angeline Pendergrass (NCAR) Ali Behrangi (JPL) Parag Vaze (JPL) 1700-1713 Laura Wilcox (NCAS) Robert Joyce (NOAA/NWS) Shunlin Liang (UMD) 1715-1728 Harald Sodemann (ETH) George Huffman (NASA) Fabric Papa (IRD) 3 WEDNESDAY, 16 JULY 2014 Session 9 – Plenary – Processes and Phenomena (Chair: Bart van den Hurk, KNMI) 0830-0900 Clouds, Circulation, and Climate Sensitivity–Bjorn Stevens (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology) 0900-0920 Challenges and progress in improving the atmospheric water cycle in models!–Christian Jakob (ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia) 0920-0940 Global Land Surface Modeling–Eleanor Blyth (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology) 0940-1000 Challenges and Prospects for Predicting Monsoons– Harry Hendon (Centre for Australian Weather & Climate Research) 1000-1030 Panel: What are the biggest weaknesses in model predictions of water? Chair: Christa Peters-Lidard (National Aeronautics and Space Administration); Graham Feingold (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Sandrine Bony (LMD/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) 1100-1230 Session 10 – Parallel Oral Presentations Topic: 3. Modeling Climate Extremes 6. Predicting Monsoon Precipitation 10 and 11. The Role of Land Co-Chairs: Adam Scaife (Met Office) and Sonia Seneviratne (ETH ) Harry Hendon (CAWCR/BOM) and Jun Matsumoto (JAMSTEC) Joseph Santanello (NASA) & Shinjiro Kanae (Tokyo Tech) 1100-1113 Rein Haarsma (KNMI) V. Kishnamurthi (GMU) Aaron Boone (Meteo-France) 1115-1128 Peter Greve (ETH Zurich) Tomonori Sato (Hokkaido U) Phil Harris (CEH) 1130-1143 Celine Bonfils (LLNL) David Gochis (NCAR) Patrick Broxton (U of Arizona) 1145-1158 Bart van den Hurk (KNMI) D. Emmanuel Poan (Météo-France) David Mocko (SAIC) 1200-1213 Bert Holtslag (Wageningen U) Yongkang Xue (UCLA) David Lawrence (NCAR) 1215-1228 Paul Dirmeyer (GMU) Wilhelm May (DMI) Manuela Grippa (GET) 1230-1400 Lunch and Poster Viewing 1400-1500 Session 11 – Poster Sessions Topic 3. Modelling, predicting, and attributing climate extremes Conveners: Adam Scaife (Met Office), Gabi Hegerl (University of Edinburgh), Sonia Seneviratne (ETH, Zurich) Topic 5.Progress towards closing global and regional water and energy budgets Conveners: Norman Loeb (NASA/LaRC), Pete Robertson (NASA/MSFC), Taikan Oki (University of Tokyo) Topic 6. Progress and challenges for predicting monsoon precipitation Conveners: Harry Hendon (CAWCR/BOM), David Gochis (NCAR), Jun Matsumoto (JAMSTEC) Topic 8. Analyzing, validating, and improving global precipitation products Conveners: Robert Adler (University of Maryland), George Huffman (NASA/GSFC) Topic 11. The role of land parameters and land cover change on weather and climate prediction Conveners: Shinjiro Kanae (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Michael Ek (NOAA), Andrew Pitman (Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science/UNSW) Topic 14. Data-assimilation in land surface and hydrological models Conveners: Rolf Reichle (NASA/GSFC), Patricia deRosnay (ECMWF) Topic 18. Hydrology of high elevation areas Conveners:. John Pomeroy (University of Saskatchewan), Richard Essery (University of Edinburgh), Yaoming Ma (CAS) Topic 19. Land precipitation and drought: Observations, modeling, errors, and uncertainty Conveners: Remy Roca (CNRS), Olga Zolina (LGGE/UJF), Vincenzo Levizzani (CNR-ISAC) Topic 23. Improving the understanding and modeling of the land-atmosphere interface Conveners: Paul Dirmeyer (GMU), Bert Holtslag (Wageningen University), Adrian Lock (Met Office), Joseph Santanello (NASA/GSFC) 4 WEDNESDAY, 16 JULY 2014 (Continued) 1530-1730 1900 Session 12 – Parallel Oral Presentations Topic: 5. Energy and Water Budgets 18. High Elevation Hydrology Co-Chairs: Taikan Oki (Univ. of Tokyo) and John Pomeroy (Univ. SaskatchPete Robertson (NASA/MSFC) ewan), Richard Essery (Univ of Edinburgh), Yaoming Ma (CAS) Chris Bretherton (Univ. of Washington) and Sandrine Bony (LMD/IPSL) 1530-1543 Matt Rodell (NASA) Mark Webb (Met Office) 1545-1558 Tristan L’Ecuyer (UW Madison) Alain Pietroniro (Env. Canada) Sandrine Bony (LMD/IPSL) 1600-1613 Filipe Aires (Estellus) John Pomeroy ( U of S) Aiko Voigt (LDEO) 1615-1628 Albert van Dijk (ANU) Roy Rasmussen (NCAR) Chao-An Chen (RCEC) 1630-1643 Richard Allan (U of Reading) Adam Winstral (USDA-ARS) Hui Su (JPL) 1645-1658 Michael Mayer (U of Vienna) Alvaro Ayala (ETH-Zurich) Yen-Ting Hwang (SIO) 1700-1713 Norman Loeb (NASA) Matthias Bernhardt (LMU) Kevin Grise (LDEO) 1715-1728 Seiji Kato (NASA) Ignacio López Moreno (CSIC) Jen Kay (U of Colorado) Yaoming Ma (CAS) 21.Coupling Clouds, Precipitation and Radiation to Circulation Conference Banquet (Speaker: James Syvitski, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Chair) THURSDAY, 17 JULY 2015 Session 13 – Water Resources (Chair: Soroosh Sorooshian, University of California, Irvine) 0830-0900 Precipitation – Christian Kummerow (Colorado State University) 0900-0920Changes in land and hydrology infrastructure impacting water availability and resources–Taikan Oki (University of Tokyo) 0920-0940 Climate change impact on water resources – Richard Harding (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology) 0940-1000 New Observations – Jay Famiglietti (University of California, Irvine) 1000-1030 Panel: Water Availability, Demand, and Use – hair: Jan Polcher, (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Paul C Houser (George Mason University); Jason Evans (Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales) Session 14 – WCRP Grand Challenge on Water (Peter van Oevelen, International GEWEX Project Office) 1100-1140 Panel: WCRP Grand Challenge on Water Chair: Peter van Oevelen; Rene Garreaud (University of Chile); Lisa Goddard (International Research Institute for Climate and Society); Michael Ek (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Joseph Santanello (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 1140-1220 Future Plans for GEWEX – Hydrological Processes and Challenges–Graeme Stephens (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) – Land-Atmosphere Interactions, Land Surface Exchanges and Climate Extremes–Sonia Seneviratne (ETH Zurich) 1230 Conference Adjourns 5 LABORATOIRE DE MÉTÉOROLOGIE DYNAMIQUE Unité mixte de recherche 8539 - CNRS/ENS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Paris, 12/05/2014 Dear Dr. Toledo Machado, I would like to invite you to give a seminar on the CHUVA project at the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique. If you have time, it will be also a very good opportunity to discuss with LMD researchers about the CHUVA project and further associated projects (as GoAmazon and RELAMPAGO), as well as recent instrumental developments. We could also discuss the use of the CHUVA dataset in the framework of a project to study the intraseasonal variability in South America. Please, let me know if you have the opportunity to visit LMD for a few days, for example for the week of 21 to 25 July after the GEWEX meeting. Best regards Jean-Philippe Duvel Directeur de Recherche – CNRS École Normale Supérieure - 24, rue Lhomond - 75231 Paris Cedex 05. Tél: 01 44 32 22 21 Fax: 01 43 36 83 92 École Polytechnique - 91128 Palaiseau Cedex. Tél: 01 69 33 41 45 Fax: 01 69 33 30 05 Université Pierre et Marie Curie – 4, place Jussieu - 75252 Paris Cedex 05. Tél: 01 44 27 50 15 Fax: 01 44 27 62 72 P.O. Box 47 | 6700 AA Wageningen | The Netherlands Dr. Luiz A.T. Machado Meteorology and Air Rodovia Pres. Dutra, km 40 Quality Cachoeira Paulista, Sao Paulo 12630-000 Brazil DATE March 28, 2014 SUBJECT Visum letter POSTAL ADDRESS P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Letter of Invitation Dear Dr. Machado, As local organizer of the forthcoming GEWEX conference 2014 to be held in The Hague, the Netherlands, 13 July – 18 July 2014, I cordially invite you to VISITORS' ADDRESS Wageningen Campus Building 100 Droevendaalsesteeg 3a 6708 PB Wageningen INTERNET www.wageningenuniversity.nl participate in this event. COC NUMBER We are pleased to inform you that your abstract, entitled “From Clouds to Rainfall, HANDLED BY from Storm to Thunderstorm: The CHUVA Project,” has been accepted as a poster presentation for Session 20, “Cloud to rainfall transitions - Linking multi-parameter observations to processes and models.” 09215846 Bert Holtslag TELEPHONE 0317485519 EMAIL For more information about the Conference, including lodging options, please see [email protected] http://gewex.org/2014conf/home.html. Looking forward to meeting you in July 2014! With kind regards, Bert Holtslag Professor of Meteorology Wageningen UR (Wageningen University and various research institutes) is specialised in the domain of healthy food and living environment. Unité Mixte de Recherche UPS/CNRS n° 5560 March 11, 2014 To whom it may concern I certify that Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado is inviting to spend the week 7 to 12th July 2014 at Laboratoire d’Aérologie in Toulouse, France in the framework of the CHUVA project. This week will allow us to finishing the writing of a scientific paper submitted to Monthly Weather Review related to the use of satellite and radar data for constraining the representation of turbulence in a meteorological model. Dr. Jean-Pierre CHABOUREAU Head of the mesoscale modelling group Laboratoire d’Aérologie Université de Toulouse et CNRS OMP -14 avenue Édouard Belin - 31400 Toulouse FRANCE Tél : 05 61 33 27 68 - Fax : 05 61 33 27 90 http://www.aero.obs-mip.fr RELATÓRIO CIENTÍFICO DE PARTICIPAÇÃO EM REUNIÃO CIENTÍFICA PESQUISADOR ASSOCIADO: Profa. Dra. Rachel Ifanger Albrecht (IAG/USP) PROCESSO: 2009/15235-8 PESQUISADOR RESPONSÁVEL: Dr. Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado (CPTEC/INPE) RESUMO DAS ATIVIDADES DESENVOLVIDAS: De 18 a 20 de Maio de 2015, a Profa. Dra. .Rachel Ifanger Albrecht participou da reunião científica GoAmazon2014/15 Science Conference que aconteceu na School of Engineering and Applied Sciences da Harvard University em Cambridge, MA, E.U.A.. Esta reunião teve como objetivo promover a conscientização sobre as atividades e conclusões dos diversos projetos, grupos e experimentos em andamento durante o GoAmazon, e assim engajar a intenção entre os pesquisadores e rever intenções de publicações, identificando lacunas em planos atuais e sugerindo novas publicações. Nesta reunião a professora apresentou o trabalho intitulado “Cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions in deep convection and cloud electrification over the Amazon”, mostrando os resultados preliminares na área de eletricidade atmosférica dos dois experimentos de campo do Projeto CHUVA realizados na região de Manaus (Fevereiro-Março e Setembro-Outubro de 2014) em conjunto com o projeto GoAmazon e ACRIDICON-CHUVA. Em sua apresentação oral (resumo e slides anexos ao final deste relatório), a pesquisadora forneceu detalhes da estratégia de análise das características das tempestades observadas durante o experimento, focando nos desafios de quantificar os possíveis impactos da poluição urbana na convecção profunda e eletrificação das nuvens, as quais possuem uma forte influência da termodinâmica e circulação local e de grande escala. Por exemplo, foi mostrado que durante a estação de transição seca para chuvosa (Setembro) a maioria das descargas elétricas na região de Manaus está associada à circulação de brisa fluvial do Rio Negro, concentrando a convecção profunda na margem leste do rio, e os sistemas convectivos profundos que atravessaram o rio (e se deslocaram por dezenas a centenas de quilômetros) estavam associados sistemas de linhas de instabilidade organizados pelo escoamento de leste de grande escala. A partir desse resultado foi apontada a necessidade de se investigar e caracterizar melhor a interação entre a circulação de brisa de rio e o escoamento da larga escala, e sua função na organização da convecção na região experimental do GoAmazon. Após esta reunião, a professora fez uma visita de dois dias (21 a 22 de Maio de 2015) ao ESSIC/CICS locado na Universidade de Maryland, College Park, MD, E.U.A., para discutir detalhes de nossas análises sobre os resultados do experimento CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba e futuras colaborações. A carta convite para esta visita está ao final deste relatório. Cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions in deep convection and cloud electrification over the Amazon Rachel Albrecht, Carlos Morales, Hartmut Höller, Ramon Braga, Luiz Machado, João Neves, Jennifer Comstock, Jason Tomlinson, Manfred Wendisch, Meinrat Andreae, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ulricht Pöschl, Jaci Saraiva, Thiago Biscaro, Izabelly Carvalho, Alan Calheiros The effects of aerosol on deep convection involve a very complex and non-linear system of interactions, where the aerosol size and chemical composition, the mixing state and the ambient environment all play a role. Aerosol particles may serve as CCN, giant CCN (GCCN), and/or ice nuclei (IN) depending on their size distribution and chemical composition/solubility. Generally, in warm clouds an increased number of CCN will lead to a narrower distribution of cloud droplets with decreased sizes, which inhibits the collision-coalescence process and precipitation formation. The inhibition of warm precipitation increases cloud lifetime and could in turn lead to deep mixed-phase convection in environmentally favored conditions. The production of high-density ice, especially graupel, in the presence of supercooled liquid water along with strong updrafts within the mixed-phase region have been shown to be key ingredients for electrification that leads to lightning. Nonetheless, the rate of cloud droplet activation is controlled not only by the number of CCN but also by cloud updraft and supersaturation. In the Amazon, cloud updrafts are primarily controlled by the local environment thermodynamics. During the dry-to-wet transition season (September-October), thermodynamics is significantly changed by land cover land cover where cloud base heights are and elevated over deforested areas potentially increasing the convective available potential energy and its processing by the updraft. Additionally, the city of Manaus is a local polluted heat island, and during the dry-to-wet season the widespread fire outbreaks due to agriculture and deforestation practices release large amounts of aerosols into the atmosphere. This season is also the most active on thunderstorms and lightning production. In this scenario, there is still uncertainty in the combined and separated effects of land cover and aerosols in mixed-phase, deep convection and cloud electrification. To depict cloud electrification, a total (intracloud and cloud-to-ground) lightning network based on eight LINET (LIgnting NETwork - Nowcast) sensors was installed covering around 7,000 km2 of GoAmazon area of interest (from Manaus towards T3-Manacapuru). A dense 1-km baseline field mill network of 6 sensors was also installed at T3 to infer cloud charge centers. Our hypothesis is that cloud charge centers, total lightning activity and retrieved microphysics from radar and aircraft measurements (G-1 and HALO) will simultaneously show the influence of the shift from warm- to mixed-phase dominated microphysics caused by aerosol and thermodynamic variability. Our objective is to investigate the relative roles of large-scale, mesoscale, local environmental and aerosol forcing in deep convection and cloud electrification by monitoring and quantifying the variation in space and time of cloud charge centers with aerosol type and concentration, hydrometeor type, mass content, temperature, and vertical velocity. ACKNOWLEGMENTS: The authors would like to thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for supporting this project under the grant 2009/15235-8. 02/06/2015 GoAmazon2014/5 Science Conference, 18-20 May 2015, Cambridge, MA Motivation Cloud‐aerosol‐precipitation interactions in deep convection and cloud electrification over the Amazon • Lightning and rainfall does not have a linear relationship: • Rainfall is produced by modest lifting and moderate updrafts over large areas. • Lightning production is a response from deeper lifting and strong updrafts. Rachel I. Albrecht, Carlos A. Morales, Hartmut Höller ([email protected]) co‐authors: Ramon Braga, Luiz Machado, João Neves, Jennifer Comstock, Jason Tomlinson, Manfred Wendisch, Meinrat Andreae, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ulricht Pöschl, Jaci Saraiva, Thiago Biscaro, Izabelly Carvalho, Alan Calheiros Williams (2005) Atm. Res. 1 Motivation Motivation • The Amazon basin itself is an example of this “mismatch” on • The Amazon basin itself is an example of this “mismatch” on rainfall and lightning along the year: 2 rainfall and lightning along the year: • well defined DRY (Jun‐Oct) and WET (Nov‐May) seasons • well defined DRY (Jun‐Oct) and WET (Nov‐May) seasons • well defined LIGHTNING (Sep‐Nov) season “Green Ocean” Manaus rainfall 3 4 1 02/06/2015 Motivation Motivation • The factors that controls convection (and associated rainfall • Aerosol Cloud Invigoration Effect: and lightning) are: • Large‐scale circulation – moisture and wet season onset • Thermodynamics – large‐scale circulation and land cover Depth and area of updraft • Cloud microphysics – CCN/IN activation, latent heat Non‐trivial cloud‐aerosol‐precipitation interactions! Rosenfeld et al. (2008) 6 5 Motivation Motivation • But for cloud electrification… • Non‐inductive electric charge transfer process: “normal” tripole – Negative t‐storms inverted tripole – Positive t‐storms • electric charge transfer is dependent on updraft intensity and relative ice particles velocities in the mixed phase • too high concentration of small droplets smaller rimed ice particles at mixed phase decrease in total charge transferred • However, not too high concentrations of smaller droplets and/or strong +CG –CG updrafts increase supercooled water content (SLWC) at mixed phase, inverting the “normal” charging polarity of graupel. Moderated SLWC @ mixed phase High SLWC @ mixed phase - + – 7 for T<‐10oC + for any value of T 8 2 02/06/2015 Motivation • SW Amazon case (Rondonia) during dry‐to‐wet season: • After analyzing large‐scale, thermodynamics, land cover, topography, and Land Cover September (% +CGs) other Motivation aerosols, positive thunderstorms had enhanced mixed phase and the suggested causality in SW Amazon is: WET season deforested forest water DRY‐TO‐WET transition season Albrecht et al. (2011) (updraft‐limited regime, higher CAPE during postive t‐storms) (aerosol‐limited regime) Albrecht et al.( 2011)10 9 Objective Data • What about Central Amazon? • 3D total (i.e., intracloud e cloud‐to‐ground) lightning data from DLR Lightning Network (LINET) during part of GoAmazon IOP2: • 29 Aug 2014 – 07 Oct 2014 Modified boundary layer, higher cloud bases • Large urbanization Smaller aerosols • Large water bodies interactions of large scale low level easterly flow with river breeze • Less pasture areas • Less fire spots 11 12 3 02/06/2015 Data Methodology • Cloud‐to‐ground data from STARNET network: • Operational network (2003 ‐ today) • 01 Feb 2014 – 31 Mar 2014 • 15 Aug 2014 – 15 Oct 2014 • Investigate life cycle of deep convective cells by: • Tracking convective systems together with LINET data • Assess the effects of local circulation (i.e., river breeze) on convection initiation, development and enhancement • AMF W‐vertical pointing cloud radar, CHUVA XPOL and MRR, SIPAM‐Manaus S‐band • Investigate the microphysical differences of thunderstorms, non‐thunderstorms and • AFF G1 and ACRIDICON‐CHUVA HALO cloud particle data 13 Summary of STARNET lightning data IOP1 14 Summary of STARNET lightning data IOP2 15 16 4 02/06/2015 Example of thunderstorm enhancement by river breeze Summary of LINET lightning data IOP2 17 18 Future work Thank you! • Track convective systems using SIPAM‐Manaus radar data • Acknowledgments: • Did any cloud sampled by HALO and G1 develop into a thunderdestorm? • Is there any microphysical difference between thunderstorms and non‐ thunderstorms? • What was the thermodynamics and large‐scale conditions? • Which was the predominant polarity of CG lightning for these thunderstorms? Can we see similar impact of SW Amazon land use on cloud electrification? • Lightning NOx – anyone interested? 19 20 5 Profa. Dra. Rachel I. Albrecht Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas (DCA) Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas (IAG) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Rua do Matão, 1226 - São Paulo, SP Brasil 05508-090 Dear Prof. Albrecht, The Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS) at the University of Maryland (UMD) would like to extend an invitation to visit on 21-22 May 2015 to continue our ongoing collaborations. We anticipate our discussions will include the CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraiba field experiment results as well as our future collaborations. Sincerely, Dr. Scott Rudlosky Physical Scientist, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Assist. Research Scientist, UMD/ESSIC/CICS
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