- Doc`s Kingdom
Transcrição
- Doc`s Kingdom
! ! ! ! ! ! AATON % ! ligar.!O!cinema!como!experiência! gregária,!a!conversa!gregária!sobre! filmes!como!parte,!ou!prolongamento! natural,!da!primeira.!Mas!se!o!desafio!é!a! experiência!de!grupo,!cada!encontro! será,!programaticamente,!o!que!for!o! próprio!grupo,!não!sendo!definível,!ou! previsível,!sem!a!(auto)!descoberta!dele. Abertura!é!também,!em!cinema,!a! gradação!de!tamanho!da!pupila!do!olho,! adaptada!à!maior!ou!menor!escuridão! da!sala,!e!a!gradação!do!diafragma!da! câmara,!escolhendo!entre!mais!luz!e! maior!profundidade!de!campo.!Num! sentido!múltiplo,!o!Doc’s!Kingdom!é! ainda!esse!exercício!constante!da!luz!e! da!distância,!plano!a!plano,!filme!a!filme,! convidando!a!um!ajustamento!contínuo! entre!registos!e!universos,!numa!viagem! sugerida!não!apenas!a!partir!da!suas! rimas!internas!como!também!das!suas! soluções!de!continuidade,!as!suas! clivagens,!num!jogo!incessante!de! surpresa!e!reconfiguração. % ! ! Luisa!Homem,!Pedro!Pinho,!2013! ! ! ABERTURA%Em!2000!abrimos!um! ciclo,!em!2013!contamos!estar!a!abrir! outro.!Vai!começar!um!novo!Doc’s! Kingdom,!no!duplo!sentido!do!encontro! e!do!ciclo!de!encontros,!e!o!que!acima!de! tudo!esperamos!dele!é!que!seja,!sempre,! uma!experiência!em!aberto.!Sabem! aqueles!que!nos!procuraram!que!estão! desafiados!para!a!experiência!do!cinema! e!para!a!experiência!da!conversa!–!duas! coisas!que!tanto!andaram!juntas!e!que,! neste!tempo!de!diluição!do!próprio! campo!tradicional!do!cinema,!tantas! vezes!parecem!desligadas!e!difíceis!de!! 0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! José!Manuel!Costa,!2013! ! ! ! 1 ! L'ABOMINABLE%Atelier!collectif!de! cinéastes!à!Paris.!L'objectif!du! laboratoire!est!de!promouvoir,!dans!un! cadre!associatif,!la!fabrication!artisanale! de!films,!en!mettant!du!matériel!de! montage!et!de!développement!à!la! disposition!de!réalisateurs!qui!peuvent! également!y!recevoir!une!formation.! Pour!Nicolas!Rey,!le!cinéma! expérimental!n'est!pas!seulement!une! posture!esthétique:!il!représente!un! véritable!engagement.!Réalisés!au!sein! de!cette!structure,!ses!films!se! caractérisent!par!une!distanciation!qui! rappelle!celle!de!Guy!Debord!:!usage!de! sa!propre!voix!en!voix!off,!recours!aux! bandes!amorces!et!proposition!d'une! forme!stylistique,!celle!du!filmaessai.!Ils! se!caractérisent!également!par!une! attention!à!l'infrastructure!au!sens! marxiste!du!terme,!en!particulier!au! moyen!de!production!représenté!par! l'électricité. % ! Clotilde!Simond,!“!Cinéavoyage!dans!le!temps!”,! Théorème,!2011! ! ! AÇORES%Andavam!os!novos!então,!e! agora!antigos!descobridores,!ora!pouco! pela!terra,!porque!muito!não!podiam,! por!lho!impedir!o!espesso!mato,!ora! muito!mais!pelo!mar,!no!barco!de!seu! navio,!correndo!parte!da!costa,!vendo! das!águas!salgadas!as!doces!ribeiras,! que,!por!antre!o!arvoredo,!pelas!rochas! caiam,!examinando!e!atentando!todas!as! particularidades!que!podiam!e!os! lugares!sós!e!saudosos!da!erma!e! solitária!ilha,!acompanhados!de!uns! altos!montes!e!baixos!vales,!povoados!de! arvoredo,!com!cuja!verdura!vestida! estava!toda!a!terra,!dando!grandes! esperanças!de!ser!mui!fértil!e!proveitosa! a!seus!moradores,!que!nela!viessem!a! fazer!suas!colónias.!E!dizem! comummente!os!antigos!que,!vendo! muitos!açores!e!bons,!dos!quais!levavam! daqui!para!o!Reino!alguns!no!princípio,! como!tinham!visto!na!ilha!de!Santa! Maria,!lhe!puseram!nomes!ilhas!dos! Açores,!o!que!bem!podia!ser;!mas!o!que! outros!têm!por!mais!verdade!é!que,!por! aqui!não!haver!senão!poucos!como! adventícios,!vinham!a!esta!ilha!doutras! terras!não!sabidas,!vendo!no!mar!muitos! 2 ! milhafres!que!havia,!que!com!eles!se! pareciam!e!por!tais!os!julgavam,!como! agora!há!e!assim!parecerem,!lhe! puseram!este!nome!de!ilhas!doa!Açores,! o!qual!também!se!apegou!às!outras!ilhas! de!baixo,!que!depois!se!descobriram,! onde!não!faltam!estas!aves!de!rapina;!ou! também!por!então!nelas!se!acharem! açores,!ainda!que!depois!e!agora!os!não! houve,!nem!há!em!nenhuma!delas,!senão! alguns!que!com!temporias!e!tormentas! acertam!de!vir!desgarrados!de!outras! partes. ! ! Gaspar!Frutuoso,!Saudades.da.Terra,!séc!XVI! ! ! ACTING!When!I!was!a!student!at! CalArts,!I!directed!quite!a!bit!of!theater,! and!I!was!intrigued!about!the! “doubleness”!of!acting!–!actors’!studied! nonaattention!to!their!audience.!This! interest!carries!over!for!me!into! Manakamana!–!I’m!watching!the! subjects’!awareness!of!their!world,!and! how!it!shifts!to!acknowledge!the!passing! landscape,!other!passengers,!and!private! thoughts,!before!occasionally,!obliquely! returning!to!the!camera,!which!is!so! clearly!staring!at!them,!yet!is!never! explicitly!addressed.!These!switches! between!different!sorts!of!focus!are! crucial!because!they!create!the!pace!of! the!individual!shots,!which!in!turn! creates!the!rhythm!of!the!entire!film.!To! make!edits!in!the!shots!would!have! imposed!another!sort!of!rhythm!on!top! of!the!material,!obscuring!these!internal! cadences.!Our!pace!of!editing!was! glacial.!The!final!film!has!only!eleven! shots!but!it!took!us!eighteen!months!of! editing!to!arrive!at!it,!which!works!out! to!our!deciding!on!one!shot!every!forty! days!or!so. ! ! Pacho!Velez,!interviewed!by!Lucien!Castainga Taylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!2013! ! ! ADOLESCENCE! Emmeline:!You're!such!a!silly!dodo,! Richard.!We're!never!getting!off!this! island. Richard:!Thanks!to!you! Emmeline:!This!is!where!we!live.!This!is! our!home,!now!and!forever. ! ! ! Richard:!No!!I!could!never!live!here! forever!with!just!you!!I!don't!even! like!you!! ! ! The.Blue.Lagoon,!1980,!dir.!Randal!Kleiser! % ! AILLEURS%Ainsi,!cahinacaha,!le!film! traverse!la!Russie!en!diagonale,!la! Russie!géographique!et!pourraisaje!dire,! la!Russie!en!moi.!A!quoi!servirait!un! voyage!s'il!n'y!avait!l'espoir!de!revenir! différent?!Le!projet!peut!sembler! romantique,!voire!touristique,!et! j’espère!que!cette!écueil!est!tenu!à! distance!par!la!structure!formelle!du! film.!Néanmoins,!les!ressorts! historiques,!politiques,!personnels,!etc.! du!voyage!sont!peu!à!peu!dévoilés.! Notre!époque!manque!d’”!ailleurs!”!et!il! est!bon!de!se!souvenir!qu’il!fut!un!temps! où!les!hommes!ont!prétendu!construire! une!société!sur!des!bases!radicalement! différentes!de!l’existant.! % ! Nicolas!Rey,!La!véritable!histoire!du!voyageur! solitaire!et!les!raisons!qui!l’ont!poussé!à! entretendre!son!voyage!(en!guise!de!note! d’intention),!2001! ! ! ! ! Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011! ! ! ! ! ! ! Luis!de!Camões,!Os.Lusíadas,!1572! ! ! AMPLIDÃO!As!ilhas!são!o!efêmero!e!o! contingente.!Só!o!mar!é!eterno!e! necessário…!A!verdade!é!que!ninguém! mais!do!que!o!ilhéu,!a!não!ser!talvez!o! homem!da!planície,!possui!o!instinto!da! amplidão.!É!com!os!próprios!olhos!que! tiramos!do!mar!a!terra!que!nos!faltou. Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956! ! ! ANALOGIE!Ce!qui!serait!vraiment! surprenant,!c’est!que!le!son!ne!pût!pas! suggérer!la!couleur,!que!les!couleurs!ne! pussent!pas!donner!l’idée!d’une!mélodie! et!que!le!son!et!la!couleur!fussent! impropres!à!traduire!des!idées;!les! choses!s’étant!toujours!exprimées!par! une!analogie!réciproque,!depuis!le!jour! où!Dieu!a!proféré!le!monde!comme!une! complexe!et!indivisible!totalité. ! ! Charles!Baudelaire,!“!Richard!Wagner!et! Tannhauser!à!Paris!”,!1861! ! ! ANGEL%1%A!Klee!painting!named! % Cortando!vão!as!naus!a!larga!via! Do!mar!ingente!pera!a!pátria!amada,! Desejando!proverase!de!água!fria! Pera!a!grande!viagem!prolongada,! Quando,!juntas,!com!súbita!alegria,! Houveram!vista!da!Ilha!namorada,! Rompendo!pelo!céu!a!mãe!fermosa! De!Menónio,!suave!e!deleitosa. ! ! ! ! particulièrement!piégé!et!défaitiste,!le! slogan!de!la!“!différence!”!–!bien!que! politiquement!irréprochable! (littéralement!et!dans!tous!le!sens)!–!est! formaliste!est!vide!de!spécifications! sociales!et!historiques!concrètes!–! quand!il!n’a!pas!la!faiblesse!de!se!prêter! aux!célébrations!d’usage!du!pluralisme! multiculturel!dans!le!capitalisme!tardif! (autrement!dit!et!en!bref,!ce!concept!a! toute!l’ambiguïté!d’une!valeur! essentiellement!libérale!plutôt!que! radicale). ! ! ! ! ALTERITE!est!un!concept! AMORES,%ILHA%DOS De!longe!a!Ilha!viram,!fresca!e!bela,! Que!Vénus!pelas!ondas!lha!levava! (Bem!como!o!vento!leva!branca!vela)! Pera!onde!a!forte!armada!se!enxergava;! Que,!por!que!não!passassem,!sem!que! nela! Tomassem!porto,!como!desejava,! Pera!onde!as!naus!navegam!a!movia! A!Acidália,!que!tudo,!enfim,!podia.! % Mas!firme!a!fez!e!imóbil,!como!viu! Que!era!dos!Nautas!vista!e!demandada,! Qual!ficou!Delos,!tanto!que!pariu! Latona!Febo!e!a!Deusa!à!caça!usada.! Pera!lá!logo!a!proa!o!mar!abriu,! Onde!a!costa!fazia!ũa!enseada! Curva!e!quieta,!cuja!branca!areia! Pintou!de!ruivas!conchas!Citereia. ‘Angelus!Novus’!shows!an!angel!looking! as!though!he!is!about!to!move!away! from!something!he!is!fixedly! contemplating.!His!eyes!are!staring,!his! mouth!is!open,!his!wings!are!spread.! This!is!how!one!pictures!the!angel!of! history.!His!face!is!turned!toward!the! past.!Where!we!perceive!a!chain!of! events,!he!sees!one!single!catastrophe! which!keeps!piling!wreckage!and!hurls! 3 ! it!in!front!of!his!feet.!The!angel!would! like!to!stay,!awaken!the!dead,!and!make! whole!what!has!been!smashed.!But!a! storm!is!blowing!in!from!Paradise;!it!has! got!caught!in!his!wings!with!such!a! violence!that!the!angel!can!no!longer! close!them.!The!storm!irresistibly! propels!him!into!the!future!to!which!his! back!is!turned,!while!the!pile!of!debris! before!him!grows!skyward.!This!storm! is!what!we!call!progress. ! % Walter!Benjamin,!Theses.on.the.Philosophy.of. History,!1940! ! ! ANGEL%2!Behind!him!swims!the!past,! shaking!thunder!from!wing!and! shoulder,!with!a!noise!like!buried! drums,!while!before!him!the!future!jams! up,!his!eyes!pressed!in,!the!eyeballs! explode!like!a!star,!the!word!wound!up! into!a!vibrating!mouthagag,!strangling! him!with!his!breath.!For!a!long!time!one! still!sees!his!wings!beating,!hears!in!the! roaring!the!hail!of!stones!fall!down! before!over!behind!him,!the!louder!the! more!violent!the!movement!in!vain,! scattered,!when!they!become!slower.! Then!the!moment!closes!over!him:!on! the!quickly!rubbleafilled!standing!place! the!luckless!angel!comes!to!rest,!waiting! for!History!in!the!petrification!of!flight! breath!glance. Till!the!renewed!roaring!of!mighty!winga beats!reproduces!itself!in!waves!through! the!stone!and!indicates!his!flight ! ! ! Heiner!Müller,!“The!luckless!angel”,!1958! ! ! parrots!as!interpreters,!storks!as! physicians!and!the!unicorn!(a!lonely! beast!forgotten!by!Noah!during!the! Flood)!holds!the!function!of!chief! toxicologist!in!charge!of!finding! antidotes!to!all!sorts!of!poisons.! Two!main!religions!are!found!on!the! island:!sunaworship,!in!which!most! animals!believe,!and!moonaworship,!a! sect!of!growing!importance,!fostered!by! the!elephants.! Visitors!can!admire!the!phoenix’s!palace,! where!magnificent!spectacles!take!place,! including!the!“Colour!Display”!by!the! birds!of!paradise.! After!stamping!out!a!revolt!led!by!the! snakes!and!the!basilisks!(probably!from! Basilisc!Country),!the!Animal!Republic!is! now!again!at!peace. ! ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jean! Jacobe!de!Fremont!d’Ablancourt,!Supplement.de. l’Histoire.Veritable.de.Lucien,!Paris,!1654! ! ! ANTHROPOLOGY%Anthropologists! are!scriveners!of!culture.!They!have! traditionally!taken!up!the!task!of! conveying!human!experience!through! ethnographic!research,!the!process!of! collecting!information!on!human! societies!and!cultures!and!writing!about! them!in!detailed,!descriptive!language.! Yet!words!are!often!unable!to!paint!a! complete!picture.!Sensory!ethnography! aims!to!communicate!aspects!of!human! experience!that!language!alone!often! fails!to!conjure!through!the!use!of!audioa visual!media. Predominantly!conducted!through!film,! photography,!sound!or!any!combination! of!these!mediums,!sensory!ethnography! fuses!art!and!scholarship.! Anthropologists!look!to!sensory! ethnography!as!a!pedagogical!tool!that! works!through!showing!rather!than! telling. Sensory!ethnography!attempts!to! rekindle!the!senses:!sight!with!sound,! sound!with!touch,!and!so!forth,!to!evoke! how!experiences!are!perceived.!Film!in! particular!is!a!medium!that!allows!for! this!cohesion!of!the!senses.!It!opens!up! the!possibility!for!the!viewer!to! experience!the!reality!of!what!is!shown! on!screen.!As!the!viewer!encounters!the! % ANIMAL%REPUBLIC,!on!a!vast!island! of!unknown!location,!inhabited!by!many! different!species!of!beasts!and!birds! who!have!rid!themselves!of!the!tyranny! of!man.! Visitors!will!find!that!the!island!presents! many!characteristics!described!by! classic!poets:!the!lambs!associate!with! the!wolves,!the!falcons!fly!wing!in!wing! with!the!pigeons,!the!swans!have!social! intercourse!with!the!serpents!and!the! fish!swim!in!the!company!of!the!beavers! and!the!otters.! The!republic!is!governed!by!the!phoenix,! a!singular!bird!whose!ambassadors!are! monkeys.!Tigers!and!lions!serve!as! soldiers,!geese!and!dogs!as!sentinels,! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! moving!subjects,!they!simultaneously! see,!hear,!and!interpret.!By!privileging! bodily!experiences!and!embodied! knowledge!through!film,!sensory! ethnographies!can!evoke!the!powerful! feelings!of!being!present!in!a!moment. Additionally,!unlike!textual! ethnographies,!which!communicate!the! anthropologist’s!interpretation!of!a! cultural!event,!film!allows!viewers!more! freedom!to!unearth!multiple!meanings! and!interpret!the!content!for! themselves. ! ! ! Megan!Galeucia!&!Ariel!Appel,!The.intelligence.of. the.senses,!2011! ! ! APPAUVRIR!Non,!non,!pas!acquérir.! Voyager!pour!t’appauvrir.!Voilà!ce!don’t! tu!as!besoin. ! ! Henry!Michaux,!Poteaux.d’angle,!1981! ! ! APPLES%Thinking!about!how!to! combine!the!plot!of!the!play!A.Bosque! with!the!real!events!in!the!film,!I!read!a! reflection!on!the!nature!of!image!in! Vertov's!diaries!that!was!quite! important!for!the!process!in!Arraianos:! “If!you!shoot!a!real!apple!and!a!fake!one! in!a!way!that!you!can!not!differentiate! them,!this!doesn't!mean!you!know!how! to!shoot.!It!actually!means!the!opposite.! We!should!shoot!the!real!apple!in!a!way! that!it!is!not!possible!to!make!any! imitation.”!Instead!of!working!in!the! boundary!of!genres!with!a!single!hybrid! language,!I!decided!to!explore!two! apparently!antagonistic!languages!that! have!no!other!alternative!but!to!coexist! and!to!create!a!dialogue!between!them,! as!man!and!animals!or!reality!and! dream!do.! In!this!sense,!the!film!uses!a! geographical!identity!(the!Arraianos,! inhabitants!of!GalicianaPortuguese! border)!just!as!a!cover!story!to!make!a! frontier!film!in!the!sense!of!the!duality! of!reality!and!imagination:!what!is! printed!in!our!memory!is!a!mixture!of! reality!and!a!mythical!construction!of! this!reality. % ! ! ! Eloy!Enciso,!Director’s!note!on!Arraianos,!2012! ! ! AQUI!Finalmente!decidi!que!o!que!seria! muito!bom!seria!a!manhã!após!a! celebração!da!festa!da!unificação!no! Reichstag.!Ia!ser!um!mar!de!latas!de! cerveja!e!de!garrafas,!de!bocados!de! papel,!de!preservativos!usados,!ia!ser! bestial.!Cheguei!lá!às!3!e!meia!da!manhã.! Conheço!muito!bem!aquele!bairro.! Comecei!a!filmar!e!foi!exactamente!como! imaginara.!Só!havia!latas!de!cerveja,! garrafas!de!cerveja,!camiões!do!lixo!a! limpar!tudo.!Dez!minutos!depois!de! filmar,!pensei:!“Já!não!consigo!fazer!mais! disto.”!Não!consigo!ter!esta!câmara!ao! ombro,!correr!com!ela,!a!imprecisão!da! imagem!e!esta…!patranha.!Não!me! interessa!o!tempo!real!em!si.!Depois! começou!a!ser!sério.!Como!de!costume,!a! coisa!mais!importante!com!que!começar! não!é!“Em!que!é!que!estás!a!pensar?”!ou! “Em!que!é!que!pensas!que!devias!estar!a! pensar?”!mas!“O!que!é!que!estás!a!viver! aqui?!O!que!é!que!realmente!se!passa! aqui?”.!O!que!se!passava!ali!era!essa! ironia:!a!unificação!era!uma!nota!de! rodapé,!para!outra!história.!A!outra! história!estava!nos!anos!30!e!40!–!a! guerra!e!os!Nazis!e!tudo!o!que!nos! representava!a!todos.!Para!além!de!tudo! o!mais,!eu!próprio!tinha!uma!forte! ligação!familiar!com!tudo!isso.!O!que!eu! estava!a!fazer!em!Berlim!era!visitar!os! monumentos!dos!anos!30,!tudo!o!que! pudesse!encontrar!dos!anos!30.!Estava!a! gastar!tempo!nesta!terra!de!ninguém! que,!diante!dos!meus!olhos,! rapidamente!perdia!importância!como! testamento!de!um!número!infinito!de! coisas.!Eu!era!provavelmente!uma!das! poucas!pessoas,!com!o!Heiner!Müller,! que!não!se!mostrava!tão!entusiasta!com! a!queda!do!Muro!–!certamente!não!por! adorar!o!socialismo!lesteaalemão!mas! em!nome!da!manutenção!da! diversidade.!Há!sempre!mais!espaço! para!a!independência!e!para!o! pensamento!entre!dois!adversários!–!no! espaço!entre!os!dois!–!do!que!quando!há! uma!homogeneidade!de!opinião.!Por! isso!quando!acabei!na!casa!de!banho,! com!um!click.track!feito!de!imagens!de! planosasequência!que!não!tinham! funcionado…!sentiame!óptimo.! ! ! ! ! ! 5 ! Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard! Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer. (Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997! ! ! ARCHIPEL%DE%LA%RESISTANCE%Le! Lituanien!Sharunas!Bartas!et!l'Ukrainien! Sergueï!Loznitsa!(tous!deux!nés!en! 1964)!font!leurs!débuts!au!cinéma!dans! les!années!90.!Or!leurs!films!présentent! indéniablement!un!air!de!famille!avec! ceux!de!leurs!aînés,!le!Hongrois!Béla! Tarr!et!le!Russe!Alexandre!Sokurov!(nés! respectivement!en!1955!et!1951).!Cela! ne!surprendra!que!ceux!qui!croient! encore!que!l'histoire!des!formes!et!celle! des!événements!historiques!vont!d'un! même!pas,!ou!ceux!qui!pensent!en! termes!de!cinématographie!“!nationale!“.! L'étonnante!proximité!de!ces!univers! défie!le!partage!géopolitique!des! territoires,!comme!la!chronologie!des! faits!historiques!où!la!fin!des!régimes! socialistes!constitue!un!tournant.!Ces! œuvres!récusent!aussi!la!partition!des! genres!cinématographiques.!Ne!relevant! à!proprement!parler!ni!du!documentaire! ni!de!la!fiction,!elles!ont!en!commun! d'élaborer!une!vision!du!monde!et!un!“! imaginaire!du!réel!“!qui!manifestent!une! pensée!aux!prises!avec!les!questions,! voire!les!apories,!de!l'époque! contemporaine.![…]!L'“!air!de!famille!“! n'est!donc!pas!celui!d'une!génération,! mais!l'effet!d'un!regard!marqué!par!une! essentielle!“mélancolie!de!la!résistance! “.!Cette!résistance!se!manifeste!d'abord! dans!leur!commun!refus!de!ce!que!Peter! Watkins!nomme!la!“!mono!forme!“:! l'hégémonie!de!la!signification! qu'imposent!l'action,!dans!le!cinéma!de! fiction,!et!le!commentaire!dans!le! documentaire.!Disjoindre!les! enchaînements!sur!lesquels!se!fonde!la! logique!narrative!et!discursive,!prendre! le!temps!nécessaire!pour!percevoir!les! variations!lumineuses!et!sonores,!les! déplacements!même!infimes!des!corps,! l'expression!fugitive!des!visages:!c'est!à! l'échelle!de!la!durée!du!plan,!où!le!temps! s'offre!comme!perception,!que!se! manifeste!l'éthique!du!regard!partagée! par!les!quatre!cinéastes.!La!mélancolie! elle,!est!celle!du!monde!dont!leurs!films! nous!font!faire!l'expérience!sensorielle! en!nous!donnant!à!éprouver!les!deux! 6 ! ! ! ! infinis!du!temps:!la!fugacité!de!l'instant! toujours!déjà!passé!et!l'étirement! indéfini!d'un!présent!suspendu!dont!la! fin!ne!cesse!d'être!différée.!Mais,!en! interrogeant!notre!rapport!au!temps,!ces! films!touchent!également!à!l'expérience! fondatrice!d'une!“!métaamodernité”!que! n'enchantent!plus!les!grands!récits! progressistes:!la!conscience!que!notre! indépassable!historicité!se!heurte! désormais!à!l'absence!de!signification!de! l'histoire.! % ! Sylvie!Rollet,!“!L’archipel!de!la!résistance!”,! Positif,!2010! ! ! AROUND!There!is!commonly!sufficient! space!about!us.!Our!horizon!is!never! quite!at!our!elbows.!The!thick!woods!is! not!just!at!our!door,!nor!the!pond,!but! somewhat!is!always!clearing,!familiar! and!worn!by!us,!appropriated!and! fenced!in!some!way,!and!reclaimed!from! Nature.!For!what!reason!have!I!this!vast! range!and!circuit,!some!square!miles!of! unfrequented!forest,!for!my!privacy,! abandoned!to!me!by!men?!My!nearest! neighbor!is!a!mile!distant,!and!no!house! is!visible!from!any!place!but!the!hillatops! within!half!a!mile!of!my!own.!I!have!my! horizon!bounded!by!woods!all!to!myself;! a!distant!view!of!the!railroad!where!it! touches!the!pond!on!the!one!hand,!and! of!the!fence!which!skirts!the!woodland! road!on!the!other.!But!for!the!most!part! it!is!solitary!where!I!live!as!on!the! prairies.!It!is!as!much!Asia!or!Africa!as! New!England.!I!have,!as!it!were,!my!own! sun!and!moon!and!stars,!and!a!little! world!all!to!myself.!At!night!there!was! never!a!traveller!passed!my!house,!or! knocked!at!my!door,!more!than!if!I!were! the!first!or!last!man;!unless!it!were!in! the!spring,!when!at!long!intervals!some! came!from!the!village!to!fish!for!pouts,!–! they!plainly!fished!much!more!in!the! Walden!Pond!of!their!own!natures,!and! baited!their!hooks!with!darkness,!–!but! they!soon!retreated,!usually!with!light! baskets,!and!left!“the!world!to!darkness! and!to!me,”!and!the!black!kernel!of!the! night!was!never!profaned!by!any!human! neighborhood.!I!believe!that!men!are! generally!still!a!little!afraid!of!the!dark,! though!the!witches!are!all!hung,!and! Christianity!and!candles!have!been! introduced. J.!Moraes,!Guia.da.cidade.de.São.Luís.do. Maranhão,!1989! Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854! ARTE!L’arte!è!ribellione!dell’artista! ! ! ! ! ! ! contro!il!reale. ARRIVAL!At!three!o'clock!on!the! ! ! morning!of!the!21st!of!June!we!were! awakened!and!notified!that!the!Azores! islands!were!in!sight.!I!said!I!did!not!take! any!interest!in!islands!at!three!o'clock!in! the!morning.!But!another!persecutor! came,!and!then!another!and!another,! and!finally!believing!that!the!general! enthusiasm!would!permit!no!one!to! slumber!in!peace,!I!got!up!and!went! sleepily!on!deck.!It!was!five!and!a!half! o'clock!now,!and!a!raw,!blustering! morning.!The!passengers!were!huddled! about!the!smoke!stacks!and!fortified! behind!ventilators,!and!all!were! wrapped!in!wintry!costumes,!and! looking!sleepy!and!unhappy!in!the! pitiless!gale!and!the!drenching!spray. ! ! Mark!Twain,!The.Innocents.Abroad,!1869!! ! ! ATLÂNTIDA!Havia,!diziaase,!além!das! chamadas!Colunas!de!Hércules!uma!ilha! maior!que!a!Líbia!e!a!Ásia.!Desta!ilha,! podiaase!passar!facilmente!a!outras!e! destas!ao!continente!que!cerca!o!mar! interior.!No!meio!da!Ilha!existia!uma! planície!fértil,!cercada,!de!um!lado,!pelo! mar!e!por!um!círculo!de!montanhas.! Nessa!planície!se!elevava!a!capital!dos! Atlantes,!cidade!magnífica,!cujos! palácios!e!templos!foram!construídos! em!pedras!brancas,!negras!e!vermelhas! tiradas!dos!flancos!da!ilha.!Mas,!nos! últimos!tempos,!houve!terramotos!e! inundações!e!no!espaço!de!um!dia!e!uma! noite!fatais,!a!Ilha!Atlântica!desapareceu! do!mar. ! . Platão,!Timeu.e.Crítias,!360!a.D.! ! ! AUTOFAGIA!Ao!redor!da!ilha!de!São! Luís!haveria!uma!descomunal!serpente! sempre!a!crescer,!até!que!um!dia!a! cauda!alcance!a!cabeça.!Na!ocasião!em! que!tal!acontecer,!o!monstro!reunirá!as! suas!forças!para,!num!abraço!estupendo,! comprimir!a!porção!da!terra!envolvida,! provocando!o!completo!desaparecimena to!de!São!Luís,!que!será!tragada!pelo! oceano. ! ! ! ! ! Michelangelo!Antonioni!(senza!fonte)! ! ! AUTONOMY!Thoreau’s!philosophy! inherently!opposed!prescription:!“Fresh! experience!of!the!moment!is!critical!to!a! life!with!principle.”!The!sovereignty!of! individual!conscience,!thought!to!be! achievable!through!introspection,!was! elemental.!The!notion!that!individual! integrity!alone!should!guide!one’s! actions!was!in!direct!conflict!with! democracy.!Some!critics!of! transcendentalist!thought!wondered! where!the!“church!of!one”!could! possibly!lead.!Thoreau’s!writing!of!the! late!1840s!would!attest!to!his!lack!of! faith!that!the!majority!could!act!justly!–! “People!obey!out!of!selfainterest”!–!and! to!his!disbelief!that!government!was! capable!of!acting!conscientiously.!“Must! the!citizen!ever!for!a!moment,!or!in!the! least!degree,!resign!his!conscience!to!the! legislator?!Why!has!every!man!a! conscience,!then?”!He!saw!government! as!an!expedient!machine!and!idealized! “a!really!free!and!enlightened!State”!that! recognizes!“the!individual!as!a!higher! and!independent!power,!from!which!all! its!own!power!and!authority!are! derived.” ! ! Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,! 2011! ! ! AZORES % Great!green!ships!! themselves,!they!ride! at!anchor!forever;!! beneath!the!tide! ! huge!roots!of!lava!! hold!them!fast! in!midaAtlantic!! to!the!past.! ! The!tourists,!thrilling!! from!the!deck,! hail!shrilly!pretty!! hillsides!flecked! ! 7 ! with!cottages!! (confetti)!and! sweet!lozenges!! of!chocolate!(land).! ! They!marvel!at!! the!dainty!fields! and!terraces!! handatilled!to!yield! ! the!modest!fruits!! of!vines!and!trees! imported!by! the!Portuguese:! ! a!rural!landscape!! set!adrift! from!centuries;!! the!rift! ! enlarges.!! The!ship!proceeds.! Again!the!constant!! music!feeds! an!emptiness!astern,!! Azores!gone.! The!void!behind,!the!void!! ahead!are!one. ! ! John!Updike,!The.sea.within.it,!1983! ! ! AZUL%A!volta!na!luz!da!tarde!é!um! assombro.!Vejo!o!Salão!e!Pedro!Miguel,! todos!azuis!de!hidrângeas;!sigo! extasiado!pela!estrada!azul,!com!o!Pico! ao!fundo!e!São!Jorge!à!esquerda! formando!a!enorme!baía.É!o!horizonte! de!Nápoles!mais!escuro,!a!esta!hora! iluminado!por!uma!luz!rica!de!efeitos.! Em!baixo!colinas,!sempre!colinas!–!não! como!as!montanhas!solenes!das!Flores! em!picos!aguçados!pelo!raio,!mas! arredondados!e!mansos.!Borbotões!de! azul!despenhamase!por!todos!os!lados.!O! Faial!adormece!em!azul!sob!o!céu! cinzento!e!com!o!Pico!todo!violeta!ao! lado. ! ! Raul!Brandão,!“!A!ilha!azul”,!As.ilhas. desconhecidas,!1926! ! ! ! BALNIBARBI,!an!island!in!the!north! Pacific,!between!Japan!and!California.! The!capital,!Lagado,!is!a!major!port!for! trade!with!the!island!of!Lugnagg.!Ships! from!Maldonada,!a!port!about!the!size!of! Portsmouth!in!England,!also!sail! regularly!to!Luggnagg. The!capital!is!roughly!half!the!size!of! London.!All!its!houses!are!in!bad!repair! and!are!built!in!the!most!peculiar! fashion.!The!citizens!are!dressed!in!rags! and!rush!through!the!streets!with!wild,! staring!eyes.!In!the!countryside,! labourers!be!seen!working!with!a! variety!of!tools,!but!it!is!impossible!to! tell!what!they!are!actually!doing.! Although!the!soil!is!fertile!there!is!no! sign!of!grass!wheat!or!corn.! The!poverty!that!reigns!in!Balnibarbi!is! largely!the!responsibility!of!the!soacalled! Projectors.!In!about!1660,!a!group!of! people!sailed!to!Laputa!and!returned! after!five!months!with!a!smattering!of! mathematics!and!their!heads!full!of! volatile!spirits!acquired!in!that!lofty! region.!They!immediately!began!to! devise!schemes!or!“projects”!for!putting! ! ! 8 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! everything!on!a!new!footing.!An! academy!of!Projectors!was!set!up!in! Lagado;!today!every!city!of!any! consequence!has!its!own!academy.!The! “projects”!were!designed!to!enable!one! man!to!do!the!work!of!ten,!to!produce! buildings!that!would!never!wear!out!and! to!bring!all!plants!and!crops!to!maturity! at!any!given!time!of!the!year.!The! difficulty!is!that!none!of!these!schemes! has!yet!come!to!fruition!and!in!the! meantime!the!country!lies!in!waste.! Some!lords!or!Munodi!held!out!against! the!Projectors,!but!they!were!ultimately! forced!to!destroy!their!houses!and!to! rebuild!them!in!the!modern!fashion!in! order!to!avoid!public!hostility!and!royal! displeasure.! One!typical!“project”!involves!the! extraction!of!sunshine!from!cucumbers:! the!sunbeams!are!hermetically!sealed!in! phials!and!then!released!in!inclement! weather.!In!another,!an!architect!has! contrived!a!new!method!for!building! houses!by!beginning!at!the!top!and! working!downwards!(as!in! Philosophers’!Island),!arguing!that!this! ! 9 ! is!how!bees!and!spiders!make!their! wonderful!constructions.!In!the!School! of!Languages,!“projects”!are!established! for!the!simplification!of!language!by! cutting!out!polysyllables!and!leaving!out! verbs!and!participles,!on!the!grounds! that!all!things!imaginable!are!merely! nouns.!Another!Projector!is!working!on! the!abolition!of!words!altogether.!This,!it! is!claimed,!will!improve!people’s!health! by!lessening!the!corrosion!of!the!lungs.! The!underlying!logic!is!that!since!words! represent!things!it!would!be!more! convenient!for!men!to!carry!with!them! the!things!that!may!be!mentioned!in! their!speech.!It!is!said!that!this!“project”! might!have!been!put!into!operation!had! not!the!women!and!the!illiterate! threatened!rebellion!unless!they!were! allowed!to!go!on!speaking!with!their! tongues!in!the!manner!of!their! forefathers.!A!scheme!devised!to!disa cover!plots!against!the!government! involves!the!examination!of!the!diet!of! suspects!and!analysis!of!their!excreta,!on! the!grounds!that!men!are!never!more! serious,!thoughtful!and!intent!than!when! they!are!defecating.! Although!Balnibarbi!is!itself!a!kingdom,! it!forms!part!of!the!empire!of!Laputa,!to! which!it!pays!tribute.! BAMBI!Wide!shot,!exterior.!The! backdrop!is!dim!lit,!almost!black,! emphasizing!a!clearing!of!light!where! the!green!is!very!intense.!It!looks!like!a! set.!Right!in!the!center!of!the!frame! stands!a!deer,!very!still,!its!head!slightly! turned.!It!reminds!us!of!embalmed!deer! in!natural!history!museums ! % % BAMBOOCAM%AWARDS!Noun,! symbol:!The!“antiaOscars”!Bamboo. Camera!is!awarded!to!truly!localastory! films!(in!content,!spirit!and!style)!which! evaded!the!Hollywood!Formula!S.+.V.=.P. !!!!It!is!given!to!Filipino!indie!cineastes! whose!film!POV!is!truly!indigenous.!Or! better!still!to!encourage!their! IndieGenius!storytelling.!Bamboo!the! tallest!grass,!is!abundant!in!the!third! world,!as!are!their!local!tales!and! legends…!Why!not!shoot!through!the! Bamboo!viewfinder? ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! BARATARIA,!an!island!somewhere!in! La!Mancha,!Spain,!in!a!place!whose! name!does!not!wish!to!be!remembered,! the!only!island!in!the!world!surrounded! by!land!instead!of!sea.! Barataria!is!famous!for!having!been! governed!for!a!week!with!honourable! rectitude!by!Sancho!Panza,!who.! accompanied!the!ingenious!knight!Don! Quixote!throughout!his!travels.!Sancho! Panza!abandoned!his!governorship! rather!abruptly,!after!having!repelled!a! fearful!enemy!invasion,!armed!only!with! two!wooden!tables!tied!to!his!waist.!(His! comments!on!the!island’s!cuisine!were! rather!unfavourable!–!he!compared!it!to! a!prison!diet!in!times!of!want.)! Should!the!traveller!visiting!Barataria!be! invited!to!govern!the!island,!it!will!be! useful!to!bear!in!mind!some!of!the! advice!Don!Quixote!gave!Sancho!Panza:!! ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jonathan! Swift,!Travels.Into.Several.Remote.Nations.Of.The. World..In.Four.Parts..By.Lemuel.Gulliver,.First.a. Surgeon,.and.then.a.Captain.of.several.Ships,! London,!1726! ! ! ! ! First.fear.God;.for.the.fear.of.God.is.the. beginning.of.wisdom.and.a.wise.man. cannot.err. A.man.should.consider.what.he.has.been. and.endeavour.to.know.himself,.the.most. difficult.knowledge.to.acquire.. A.man.should.not.be.governed.by.the.law. of.his.own.whim.. ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! ! ! A.man.should.let.the.tears.of.the.poor. find.more.compassion,.but.not.more. justice,.than.the.representations.of.the. rich.. If.the.scales.of.justice.be.at.any.time.not. evenly.balanced,.let.it.be.by.the.weight.of. mercy.and.not.by.that.of.a.gift. ! . ! It!is!said!that!if!a!governor!follows!these! rules,!his!days!will!be!long,!his!fame! eternal,!his!recompense!full!and!his! happiness!unspeakable. ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Miguel!de! Cervantes!Saavedra,!El.ingenioso.hidalgo.Don. Quixote.de.La.Mancha,!Madrid,!1605a15! ! % BARON,%REBECCA!makes!films!and! movingaimage!installations.!Her!works! have!been!shown!extensively!in!the!US! and!abroad,!including!Rotterdam,! London,!Toronto,!Oberhausen,!Ann! Arbor!and!New!York!Film!Festivals,! Whitney!Museum!of!American!Art,!Reina! Sofia!Madrid,!MAK!Museum!Vienna,! Flaherty!Film!Seminar,!Orphans!Film! Symposium,!IMAGES,!Cinematheque! Française,!and!Viennale.!She!holds!a!B.A.! from!Brown!University!and!MFA!from! UC!San!Diego.!She!is!the!recipient!of!a! 2002!Guggenheim!Fellowship!and!a! 2007!Radcliffe!Fellowship.!She!has! taught!at!Massachusetts!College!of!Art,! Harvard!University!and!currently! teaches!at!CalArts.! ! ! ! BEATT,%CYNTHIA!Born!in!Jamaica.! Lived!there!and!in!the!Fiji!Islands!until! age!20.!Studied!art!in!Britain.!Part!of!the! experimental,!minimalist!film!scene!in! 70’s!London.!Moved!to!Berlin!1976.! Worked!with!the!Arsenal!and! International!Forum!of!Cinema.! Filmmaker!and!scriptwriter,!curator,! translator.!Based!in!Berlin. ! ! ! BELIEVE%Mrs.!Flaherty!hurried!to! where!I!stood,!and!looking!at!me! beseechingly,!said:!“Oh,!Pat,!Pat,!can! they!ever!land?”! “I!will!tell!you!something,!Mrs.!Flaherty,”! I!answered.!“They!cannot!land,!that!is! come!ashore!in!any!way!that!a!curragh! ever!landed!before,!as!far!as.I!know.!The! day!has!turned!out!so!terribly!bad!that! % ! ! ! they!cannot!go!back!out!again!through! the!passage,!and!I'm!afraid!after!another! hour!and!a!half!the!curragh!will!be!lost! in!this!channel,!because!the!high!tide! will!come!breaching!over!that!ledge!of! rock.!That!is!the!only!protection!they! now!have!from!the!whole!force!of!the! western!ocean.”! As!the!curragh!topped!a!gigantic!wave,! and!then!disappeared!out!of!sight,!Mrs.! Flaherty!cried!out:!“Oh,!my!God!”!She! turned!away!and!covered!her!eyes!with! her!hands.!“What!shall!we!ever!do!if! anything!happens!to!those!brave!men?”! “I!wouldn't!take!on!as!bad!as!that,”!I! said,!“because!there!is!still!hope.! Patcheen!believes!he!will!never!be! drowned,!and!when!a!man!believes!that! and!knows!his!business!besides,!'tis! hard!to!lose!him!”!I!told!her!some!more! about!how!I!had!impressed!on!his!mind! the!dire!necessity!of!doing!the!work!this! day,!and!what!it!meant!to!Aran!and!to! the!Flaherty!family.! She!looked!at!me!very!reproachfully,! and!said:!“May!God!forgive.!you.”! Now!and!again!a!spot!of!blue!appeared,! but!Mr.!Flaherty!was!working!his! camera!in!sunshine!and!in!cloud,!all!the! time!shouting:!“Can!they!make!it,!Pat?! Can!they!make!it?”! Such!work!as!these!peerless! curraghmen!were!doing!could!never!be! done!again.!Time!and!time!again!they! tried!to!make!a!landing!when!the!great! seas!were!not!coming!through!all!three! channels!at!once,!but!they!were!driven! out!again!and!again!to!continue!fighting! what!now!seemed!to!be!a!losing!battle.! Shauneen!Tom!turned!on!me,!his!face! white!and!his!eyes!blazing,!saying:!“Oh,! you!ruffian!!!You!have!the!men!lost!! There!is!no!blame!coming!to!the! Flahertys,!but!you!know!what!kind!of!a! sea!ran!here!with!a!high!tide!and!a! storm.” “You!are!right,!Shauneen,”!I!answered,! “but!even!so,!I!have!hopes!yet!that! Patcheen!will!make!one!big!try!and!he! will!either!live!or!die!in!the!doing!of!it.” % ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Pat!Mullen,!“The!last!shot”,!Man.of.Aran,!1935! ! ! BENNING,%JAMES%His!early!films! fused!the!“structuralist”!investigations! 11 ! into!soundaimage!relationships!of! filmmakers!like!Michael!Snow!and!Hollis! Frampton!with!an!interest!in!narrative! and!a!deep!sensitivity!to!color,!light,!and! landscape.!He!first!grabbed!the!attention! of!the!avantagarde!film!world!with!8.1/2. x.11!and!11.x.14.!Filmed!in!vivid!color!in! the!rural!and!urban!landscapes!of!his! native!Midwest,!these!two!films!would! provide!the!kernel!for!his!further! investigations!into!film!form.!His!films'! rigorous!structures!–often!based!on! numerical!systems!–and!exquisitely! composed!shots!reflect!his!training!as!a! mathematician,!and!their!frequently! autobiographical!subject!matter!draws! upon!his!workingaclass!roots!(a!rare! subject!for!avantagarde!film)!and!his! longtime!commitment!to!political! activism.!While!his!earliest!films!are! mostly!concerned!with!form!and! narrative,!his!work!in!the!'80s!began!to! introduce!both!personal!subject!matter! and!documentary!elements,!at!the!same! time!becoming!increasingly!concerned! with!the!themes!of!history,!memory,!and! death.!American.Dreams,!Landscape. Suicide,!and!Used.Innocence!all!provide! glimpses!into!the!minds!of!violent! criminals!through!their!own!words,!and! are!made!all!the!more!chilling!by! Benning's!decision!to!place!their!crimes! in!their!historical!and!political!contexts! rather!than!pass!judgment!on!them.! After!moving!to!California!in!the!1990s,! Benning!began,!with!the!highly! acclaimed!Deseret,!a!series!of! experimental!documentaries! investigating!the!effects!of!history!and! politics!in!the!American!West.! Composed!almost!entirely!of!landscapes,! these!films!recall!his!early!experiments! with!cinematic!time!and!offascreen! space,!and!are!considered!by!many!to!be! among!his!best.!His!central!innovation!– the!use!of!narrative!to!explore!cinema's! formal!possibilities!–!has!proven!to!be! enormously!influential!on!a!number!of! experimental!and!independent! filmmakers.!Echoes!of!his!style!and! compositional!sense!have!popped!up!in! television!commercials!since!the!'70s,! and!can!be!found!in!the!work!of!such! 12 ! ! ! ! directors!as!Jim!Jarmusch,!Chantal! Akerman,!and!Rob!Tregenza. ! ! ! BIOGRAHY!Born!in!Kingston,!Jamaica,! I!saw!my!first!film!there,!Disney’s!Peter. Pan,!and!hid!under!the!wooden!seat! when!Peter!walked!the!plank.!We!lived! at!the!time!in!Port!Royal,!which!had! been!a!pirate’s!harbour,!and!there!were! sharks!and!a!huge!barracuda!with!a! hook!in!its!eye!under!the!jetty!in!front!of! our!house. The!next!film!I!remember!clearly!was! 2001:.A.Space.Odyssey.!Like!all!films,!it! arrived!in!Fiji’s!cinema!with!a!delay!of! several!years.!It!deeply!impressed!my! gang!of!friends,!but!we!were!puzzled:! what!on!earth!was!the!film!about?! At!Bath!Academy!of!Art!I!discovered!a! new!kind!of!cinema!in!our!film!club.!The. Woman.of.the.Dunes!(Suna!no!onna,! literally!“Sand!woman”)!knocked!me! over,!but!there!were!also!American!and! British!films!of!the!60’s,!the!like!of!which! I!had!never!seen.!In!1969!I!moved!to! London!and!spent!time!at!Cambridge! University!with!friends!who!were! showing!Stan!Brakhage,!Michael!Snow,! Maya!Deren,!Ken!Jacobs,!Kenneth!Anger.! I!gave!up!art!college!and!moved!straight! into!the!minimalist,!experimental!film! world.!It!was!also!the!time!of!political! films!like!Ice,!and!music,!Patti!Smith,! Jimmy!Hendricks,!Van!Morrison,!the! Stones,!the!Velvet!Underground,!Crosby,! Stills,!Nash!&!Young,!Terry!Riley.!A!lot!of! people!were!smoking!dope!and! dropping!acid,!which!greatly!influenced! not!just!the!content!of!films!but!also! their!structural!composition. Berlin!in!the!70s!was!another!hotspot! for!cinema!and!music.!I!played!the!part! of!Ottilie!in!the!film!Diary!by!Rudolf! Thome,!a!modern!version!of!Goethe’s! ‘Elective!Affinities’:!a!factory!building! instead!of!a!castle,!the!Wall,!ruins!and! empty!sites!instead!of!gardens.!Rudolf! Thome!dreamt!of!islands.!I!came!from! the!islands.!The!result!was!Study.of.an. Island!(1979).!The!film!was!an!open! experiment,!an!ethnographic!feature,!a! fictional!ethnographic!film. Working!at!the!Arsenal!cinema!and!with! the!International!Forum!of!Cinema!in! ! ! ! ! the!80s!with!people!for!whom!a!short! Supera8!film!was!as!important!as!a!Louis! Malle!feature!was!a!great!cinematic! education.!I!curated!extensive! retrospectives.!In!the!same!period,! hours!of!Sa8!filming!in!the!area!around! the!factory!building!at!the!Potsdamer! Platz!where!I!lived!led!to!Fury.is.a. Feeling.too!(1983),!a!confrontation!with! what!I!perceived!as!the!residue!of! German!fascism!and!destruction!of!the! city:!the!ruins!or!empty!spaces!still!in! evidence,!the!aggressivity!in!everyday! life.! 1985a87!were!spent!in!Fiji,!wandering! through!the!islands!on!the!trail!of!the! Heart.of.Light!material!for!a!film.!Two! films!for!Fiji!TV,!Namosi!and!Dakui.Gau. Trio.!The.Open.Universe!by!Klaus! Wyborny!with!Tilda!Swinton!was!also! shot!during!this!time!and!she!and!I! began!a!long!collaboration.! Living!by!the!Wall!inspired!me!to! circumvent!West!Berlin!on!my!bicycle.!I! asked!Tilda!Swinton!to!play!the!cyclist!in! the!film!Cycling.the.Frame!(1988)!and! we!imagined!the!Wall!falling.!Simon! Fisher!Turner!collected!‘wallsounds’!for! the!soundtrack.!One!year!later,!the!Wall! was!opened!and!East!Berliners!and!West! Berliners!flooded!the!streets!on!both! sides. My!son!Marlon!was!born!in!1990!and!a! few!months!later!I!shot!The.Party.–. Nature.Morte,!an!incredibly!low!budget! film!with!Tilda!Swinton,!Féodor!Atkine! and!Lutz!Weidlich.!The!beautiful!black! and!white!footage!was!shot!by!Elfi! Mikesch!in!a!newlyabuilt,!never!used!car! bodyaspraying!building!in!East!Berlin,! which!was!turned!into!a!loftalike!space! where!party!guests!sang,!recited!texts! about!conditions!of!isolation!in!the!city! at!night,!and!danced!while!their!host!and! hostess’s!relationship!fell!apart. I!returned!to!Fiji!to!continue!script.! Moved!to!Rome!in!1992,!to!the!Villa! Massimo!where!my!husband!had!a! fellowship.!Heart.of.Light!received! funding!and!was!further!developed!with! Road!Movies.! Back!in!Berlin!in!1995.!My!daughter! Frangipani!was!born.!Changes!in!the! city,!the!fall!of!the!Wall!and!subsequent! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! feeding!frenzy!for!property!inspired!the! beginnings!of!a!treatment!for!A.House.in. Berlin,.1997a2013.!Long!research!about! Jewish!dispossession!and!restitution.! Later,!Palestinian!dispossession.!After! years!of!development!funding!the! project!was!put!on!ice!when!my! producer!closed!his!company.!The! project!was!revived!in!the!form!of!a! radical!low!budget!film!and!has!just! been!recently!finished. 2009.!Tilda!Swinton!and!I!returned!to! the!spaces!the!Wall!had! occupied/separated!and!filmed!The. Invisible.Frame.!21!years!on!and!the! same!cyclist!weaves!back!and!forth! along!the!former!death!strips,!across!the! onceatruncated!roads,!into!the!poppya filled!fields!that!had!been!off!limits!for! East!and!West!Berliners,!on!both!sides!of! the!rivers!and!lakes!that!had!been! divided.!Simon!Fisher!Turner!again! created!the!sound!track.!The!film!is! dedicated!to!‘the!people!of!Palestine’.! ! ! ! Cynthia!Beatt,!2013! ! ! BOSQUE,%O%Busqué!junto!con!José! Manuel!Sande!un!texto!que!fuese!la! materia!prima!a!partir!de!la!cual!crear! ese!registro!en!imágenes!del!idioma! gallego,!entendida!esta!lengua!no!tanto! como!vehículo!de!mensaje!sino!como! expresión!plástica!y!musical.!La! capacidad!de!transmitir!información!es! común!a!todas!las!lenguas,!el!segundo! aspecto,!sus!cualidades!plásticas,!son! únicas.!Eso!era!lo!más!importante.! Elegimos!O.Bosque!por!su!ritmo!y! musicalidad,!porque!nos!pareció!que!el! autor!se!acercaba!a!esta!idea!que! defendía!Straub:!“filmar!las!palabras! para!que!sean!como!piedras!y!las! piedras!como!palabras”.!Por!otro!lado,!el! hecho!de!que!O.Bosque!sea!un!texto! donde!sus!personajes!y!elementos! narrativos!no!están!ligados!a!un! episodio!o!época!histórica!concreta! facilitaba!construir!una!película!más! cercana!a!la!fábula!y!al!mito!que!a!la! crónica!etnográfica!o!costumbrista. […]!Durante!el!rodaje!nos! preguntábamos!cómo!filmar!un!paisaje!y! que!no!resultara!una!postal,!que! trascendiera!a!algo!más!que!su!propia! % 13 ! apariencia!física.!Al!mismo!tiempo,!tanto! en!Mauro!Herce,!el!fotógrafo,!como!en! mí,!existe!una!fascinación!por!la!propia! materialidad!de!las!cosas.!Por!una!razón! o!por!otra,!dedicamos!mucho!tiempo!a! filmar!el!bosque:!de!diferentes!tipos,!a! diferentes!horas!del!día,!con!diferentes! velocidades!de!paneo,!con!niebla,!sin! ella…!Me!fascina!que!una!cosa!tan! concreta!pueda!tener!al!mismo!tiempo! una!apariencia!tan!abstracta!y! misteriosa.!No!creo!haya!una! explicación,!pero!en!cualquier!caso!creo! que!las!sensaciones!que!produce!esa! paradoja!en!nosotros!como! espectadores!puede!alimentar!una! película. ! ! Eloy!Enciso,!livro!do!DVD!a!publicar!em!2013! ! ! BOXES!The!boxes!are!everywhere,! mobile!and!anonymous,!their!contents! hidden!from!view.!One!could!say!that! these!containers!are!“coffins!of!remote! laborapower”!carrying!goods! manufactured!somewhere!else,!by! invisible!workers!on!the!other!side!of! the!globe.!We!are!told!by!the!apologists! of!globalization!that!this!accelerated! flow!is!indispensable!for!our!continued! prosperity!and!for!the!deferred!future! prosperity!of!those!who!labor!so!far! away.!But!perhaps,!this!is!a!case!for! Pandora,!or!for!her!more!clairvoyant! sister,!Cassandra. ! ! Allan!Sekula!and!Noël!Burch,!“Notes!for!a!Film”,! 2010! ! ! BRANCO!À!noite!não!posso!dormir;! estou!encharcado!de!azul.!Vou!a!pé!pela! estrada!fora!sob!o!luar!derretido.!Diante! de!mim!abrease!o!abismo!do!mar!cheio! de!estrelas.!Nasceu,!subiu!a!lua!numa! paz!extraordinária,!apagando!o!brilho! dos!diamantes,!mas!entre!os!últimos! reflexos!vibram!os!fios!das!vagas! quebrando!na!costa!e!desaparecendo! logo!no!boqueirão!todo!negro.!Mais!luar! e!o!silêncio!que!espera!de!nós!qualquer! comunicação!sobrenatural.!Olho.!Todas! as!hortenses!se!puseram!brancas,!dum! branco!perfeito,!todas!as!hortenses!não! desfiram!os!olhos!de!mim,!quietas!e! brancas,!imóveis!e!brancas.!Avanço!com! receio.!É!uma!paisagem!sem!mácula.!Os! 14 ! ! ! ! melros!enganamase!nestas!noites!de!lua! redonda!e!branca!e!desatam!a!cantar,! desvairados.!O!Pico,!entontecido,!cheio! de!luz!e!enorme,!inchou!e!toma!todo!o! horizonte.!Escuto!…!Bem!quero! surpreender!o!mistério!destas!flores!que! vivem!no!silêncio!húmido!e!branco.! Fecho!os!olhos.!A!existência!obscura!das! plantas,!que!não!tiram!os!olhos!de!mim,! fazame!perder!a!consciência!da!própria! personalidade;!sinto!outra!vida! estonteada,!dispersa!no!mundo!e!mais! lúcida!–!talvez!mais!lúcida!ainda!…! Caminho,!caminho!sempre,!entre! renques!brancos,!assombrado!pelo! espectáculo!de!brancura!e!sonho.!Uma! senhora!americana!não!teve!mão!em!si! que!não!desatasse!a!beijáalas,! transportada!…!Eu,!de!mim,!não!me! atrevo.! Tenho!agora!medo!delas,!brancas!e! puras,!oferecendoase!desmaiadas!ao!luar! dum!branco!extraordinário,!dum!branco! mudo!onde!se!sente!um!reflexo!ténue!e! doirado!do!sol.!Tudo!parou;!só!o!melro! desvairado!canta!entre!esta!brancura! virginal.!Não!se!cala!até!ficar!exausto.!E! quando!deixa!sair!do!bico!o!fio!de! harmonia,!logo!outro!melro!escondido!o! apanha!e!ergue,!continuando!a!tecer!o! arabesco!musical!sobre!a!paisagem! branca!e!extática.! ! kilomètres,!partout.!La!seule!autre! créature!de!l’île!est!une!canne!au! pommeau!sculpté!qui!représente!un! buste!d’Edouard!VI.!La!canne!attend! avec!une!impatience!mal!dissimulée!le! jour!où!Mme!Lamaréchalenousvoilà! l’autorisera!à!corriger!l’Examinateura desaExaminateurs.! A!leur!arrivée,!les!visiteurs!sont!ima médiatement!assaillis!par!les!navets!qui! leur!posent!des!questions!érudites:! “Quel!est!le!nom!du!chat!de!la!servante! de!la!grandamère!du!treizième!cousin!de! Mucius!Scaevola!?’,!ou!“Comment! s’appelle!l’endroit!dont!personne!n’a! jamais!entendu!parler!?”.! Sur!le!rivage,!une!colonne!porte!l’insa cription!suivante:!“Ici,!les!jouets!sont! interdits.” ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Charles! Kingsley,!The.Water;Babies.:.A.Fairy.Tale.for.a. Land;Baby,!Londres,!1863.! ! ! BURCH,%NOËL!Born!in!the!USA!(San! Francisco)!in!1932,!Noël!Burch!has!been! living!in!France!since!1951.!He! graduated!from!the!Institut!Des!Hautes! Etudes!Cinèmatographiques!in!1954.! While!primarily!known!for!his! theoretical!writings,!he!has!always! positioned!himself!as!a!filmmaker!and! has!directed!over!twenty!titles,!mostly! documentaries.!In!2010,!he!directed!The. Forgotten.Space!with!Allan!Sekula.! Burch!has!been!publishing!since!the! 1960s.!Among!his!numerous! publications!are!his!first!and!best!known! book!Theory.of.Film.Practice!(1973)!and! To.the.Distant.Observer:.Form.and. Meaning.in.Japanese.Cinema!(1979),! which!remains!the!most!robust!history! of!Japanese!cinema!written!by!a! Westerner.!From!1967!to!1972,!he! collaborated!with!Janine!Bazin!and! Andrè!S.!Labarthe!for!the!celebrated! series,!Cinéastes.de.Notre.Temps.!It!was! during!that!same!period!that!Burch!was! coafounder!and!director!of!the!Institut! de!Formation!Cinématographique,!an! alternative!film!school!associating! theory!and!practice. ! ! ! ! ! Raul!Brandão,!“!A!ilha!azul”,!As.ilhas. desconhecidas,!1926! ! ! BUCHEURS,%ILE%DES!Peuplée!des! malheureux!enfants!que!leurs!parents! obligent!à!travailler!toute!la!semaine,!et! même!à!apprendre!leurs!leçons!au!lieu! d’aller!jouer.!Leur!tête!devient!ainsi!de! plus!en!plus!grosse,!leur!corps!de!plus! en!plus!petit!et!leurs!jambes!prennent! racine.! Devenus!des!navets,!ils!reprennent!sans! arrêt!le!refrain!des!Bûcheurs!:!“On!peut! pas!apprendre!la!leçon!quand!le!pion!est! sur!les!talons”,!pendant!que! l’ExaminateuradesaExaminateurs!fait!les! cent!pas!et!les!accable!de!travail!d’une! voix!stridente!et!dictatoriale.!Terrorisés,! les!navets!se!gavent!de!savoir!et!éclatent! par!douzaines.!Il!n’y!a!aucun!moyen! d’échapper!à!l’Examinateur!qui!fourre! son!nez,!long!de!quatorze!mille! ! ! ! ! 15 ! juxtaposition!chaotique,!l’expérience! non!marchandisée!y!débordant!plus! abondamment!que!ne!le!peuvent!les! données!deux!fois!marchandisées!d’une! réalité!complètement!uniforme!et! standardisée,!la!réalité!du!capitalisme! tardif!–!laquelle!a!fait!l’objet!d’un! premier!traitement!dans!la!vie!de!tous! les!jours!avant!d’être!traitée!une! seconde!fois!par!le!média!qui!contrôle! ses!représentations. % ! Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011! ! ! CAPTAIN!Between!the!Barents!Sea!and! ! CABINS,%TWO!On!the!surface,! Benning’s!Two.Cabins!are!night!and!day,! invoking!contradictory!sets!of!reclusive! intentions!and!divergent!paths!leading! back!out.!Deeper!inquiry!reveals!the! ThoreauaKaczynski!equation!to!be! inspired.!Beyond!differences,!Benning’s! engagement!makes!discernable!a! multitude!of!contacts!between! Thoreau’s!and!Kaczynski’s!beliefs,! political!viewpoints,!and!experiences!of! seclusion.!The!apparent!dichotomy!loses! its!soundness!as!Benning’s!formation! artfully!unfolds!a!complex!articulation!of! practices!of!dissent,!non!prescriptive! ways!of!living,!and!the!politics!of! solitude. earth!devour!him.!On!a!neighbouring! island,!the!sick!are!smothered!by! specially!trained!dogs!to!spare!them!the! pain!of!a!natural!death.!To!avoid!any! waste,!their!flesh!is!then!eaten.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir!John! Mandeville,!Voyage.de.Sir.John.Maundevile;!Paris,! 1357! ! ! CALL%FOR%ENTRIES!This!glossary!is! Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,! 2011! an!ongoing!project,!whose!experimental! shape!and!content!is!but!a!preview!of! what!it!can!be:!a!forum!for!the!exchange! of!ideas!among!a!permanent!community,! gathering!occasionally!on!an!island,!and! following!up!on!that!reunion.!If!you!have! any!suggestions!for!entries,!please!get! back!to!Ana!Eliseu!and!Joana!Frazão!at! [email protected]. CAFFOLOS,!an!island!in!the!Pacific! CAPITALISME%TARDIF%Dans! ! ! ! ! Ocean.!Friendship!is!the!main!concern’! of!the!people!of!Caffolos,!when!one!of! their!friends!falls!sick,!the!natives!of! Caffolos!hang!him!from!a!tree;!claiming! that!it!is!better!that!the!birds,!angels!of! God,!eat!him,!than!that!the!worms!of!the! 16 ! ! ! % l’Amérique!latine!d’aujourd’hui,!les! modes!de!vie!et!de!pensée!les!plus! modernisés!et!les!plus!anciennes!mœurs! paysannes!se!maintiennent!côte!à!côte!;! d’un!seul!coup!d’œil!aux! enregistrements,!on!décèle!leur! the!White!Sea,!a!warship!advances!in!the! unrelenting!Arctic!night,!on!board!a! bunch!of!young!recruits,!a!thirtyayear! old!captain!and!a!few!officers:!a!world,! Russia,!Europe,!ours,!survives!between! heaven!and!sea,!the!final!testimony!of!a! past!and!its!spirituality.!The!vessel!is! old,!ancient,!rusty;!the!machinery! dilapidated;!the!cabins!and!bathroom! facilities!lack!even!a!minimum!of! comfort;!the!young!soldiers!inhabiting!it! are!just!so!many!children,!all!squeezed! in!together!on!top!of!one!another,!eating,! sleeping,!performing!drills!and! operations,!undergoing!a!travesty!of! medical!checkaups,!sometimes!idle,! though!seldom!so,!as!the!captain!takes! pains!to!ensure!they!are!kept!constantly! busy!to!prevent!the!insidious!onset!of! fatal!boredom!that!would!reduce!their! innocence!to!nothingness.!In!the!log!he! keeps,!he!notes!what!he!observes!and! his!innermost!musings:!At!age!thirty,!he! considers!his!life!to!be!over;!he!has!only! his!melancholy!left,!this!meaningless! survival,!this!choice!that!he!will!be! forced!to!make,!to!die!or!to!soldier!on! like!this!ship,!and!the!only!thing!that!still! drives!him:!reading!epic!novels.!This! monotonous!wandering!is!occasionally! shattered!by!stopaoffs!in!small!isolated! harbours,!without!water!and!heating,!to! which!the!vessel!lends!assistance.! Suddenly,!everyone!stirs,!the!recruits! double!up!under!the!weight!of!the!sacks! of!coal,!running,!looking!like!young! convicts.!“Why!do!they!obey?”!wonders! the!captain,!who!never!stops!looking!at! these!kids!that!fail!to!wonder!about! anything!themselves,!launched!onto!the! ! ! ! high!seas,!cooped!up!in!this!rusty!metal! shell,!resigned!to!their!fate.! ! ! Thierry!Garrel,!“Provinnost”,!Dox,!2004! ! % CAREER%During!my!undergraduate!in! theater!at!the!University!of!the! Philippines,!I!was!a!really!happy!and! carefree!guy,!but!then!I!was!accidentally! elected!the!president!of!the!student! government.!First,!I!was!elected!one!of! the!representatives!of!the!college!of!arts! and!sciences.!On!the!first!Saturday!after! the!elections,!representatives!from!the! different!colleges!get!together!and!select! a!chairman.!Usually!it's!a!law!student!or! business!student!who!runs!for!that! position!because!they!know!their! ambitions!when!they're!in!school.!But! that!year,!my!fraternity!saw!that!the!law! student!was!very!weak.!So!they! maneuvered,!made!some!alliances,!and! suddenly!–!ahhh!–!I'm!speaking!in!front! of!18,000!students,!talking!about! nationalist!policies,!and!leading!rallies!to! Malacanang,!the!equivalent!of!the!White! House!in!the!Philippines.!By!years!end,!I! began!to!see!myself!as!“presidentiable”!–! since!lots!of!campus!leaders!in!my! school!eventually!ended!up!in!national! politics.!It's!not!that!it!was!my!ambition,! but!I!thought:!maybe!I!was!a!potential! president. There!was!this!little!voice!from!I!don't! know!where:!“A!developing!country! needs!economists,!not.artists!”!So!I! shifted!majors!and!went!for!an!MBA!in! finance!at!the!University!of! Pennsylvania’s!Wharton!School.!Thus!I! ended!up!in!Paris!as!an!economist!at! OECD!(Organization!for!Economic! Cooperation!and!Development)!an! organization!of!the!rich!countries!to! coordinate!aid!policies.!I!worked!there! for!five!years!–!in!a!threeapiece!suit!! Maybe!it's!good!to!get!to!know!the! enemy!inside!you!–!what!you!don't!want! to!be.![…] After!working!at!the!OECD,!maybe!my! next!career!stepping!stone!would!have! been!The!World!Bank!–!the!dream!of! many!Philippine!economists.!Either!I! was!crazy!or!something!flipped.!I! realized:!I!don't!need!this!life.!You! become!dependent!on!your!economist! % ! 17 ! payroll:!so!you!can!buy!many!bottles!of! champagne!and!Pierre!Cardin!suits,!and! live!the!comfortable!bourgeois!life!in! Paris,!in!your!16th!arrondissement!flat.! One!thing!that!helped:!I!met!this!old! French!actor!who!was!a!really!funny,! nice!old!Jewish!man.!He!had!acted!in!one! film,!Borsalino.!We'd!gotten!into!a! friendship.!I!moved!into!his!big!flat!in! the!16th.!It!was!a!way!to!meet!nona economists.!I!was!the!boring!economist! at!cocktail!parties,!compared!to!the! crazy!artists!who!didn't!care!what!time! it!was.!It!was!Cosmic!timing.!As!I!was! getting!uncomfortable!with!“fertilizer! distribution!studies,”!I!was!meeting!a!lot! of!artists!in!Paris,!and!I!began!seeing! possibilities!outside!the!box.!It!was! beyond!my!expectations!that!I!would! give!up!my!job.!But!because!I!started! writing!a!play!and!getting!focused…!just! at!that!moment!I!was!able!to!cut!the! cord.!And!jump!out!for!a!free!fall. I!had!written!my!play,!and!it!wasn't! getting!anywhere.!I!met!this!Swiss! fashion!designer,!who!was!interested!in! doing!fashion!from!Philippine!shells.!We! flew!home.!I!introduced!her!to!some! shell!makers.!She!made!a!cocktail!dress! collection.de.nacre!(motheraofapearl.)!On! our!way!back!at!Schiphol!airport,!I!saw!a! Munich!Olympic!announcement!with! cute!souvenirs!displayed.!I!realized!I! could!make!these!Olympic!souvenirs.! That!was!the!turning!point.!By!helping!a! fashion!artist,!I'd!made!contact!with! Philippine!shell!makers.!So!now!I!had! the!exotic!materials!and!a!global!event.! My!bridge!to!become!a!playwright. Each!Olympics!allow!merchants!to! exploit!their!mascot.!In!1972,!it!was!the! Dachshund,!the!sausage!dog!of! Germany—on!keyachains,!Tashirts,! throwapillows!–!any!conceivable!kitsch.!I! proposed!a!dog!mosaic!out!of!mother!of! pearl,!from!which!hung!twentyafive! shells.!When!the!wind!blew,!it!would! make!a!nice!sound.!This!was!going!to!be! my!bridge!to!freedom.!I!fanned!out! prototypes!to!rural!families.!A!real! cottage!industry.!Two!thousand!dollars! yielded!25,000!Olympic!dogs. […]!The!dogs!were!selling!very!well.! Then!the!Olympic!hostage!crisis! ! ! ! 18 ! ! ! ! happened.!The!foul!mood!cancelled!all! reaorders.!So!at!the!end!of!the!Olympiad! I!was!stuck!in!Munich,!leashed!to!25,000! dogs.!I!couldn’t!afford!the!student! dormitory.!I!was!invited!to!a!commune! of!artists!outside!Munich.!That’s!where!I! met!my!wife,!and!we!had!our!first!kid.! There!was!also!this!crazy!German!film! student!doing!crazy!projects.!He!taught! me!to!handle!the!16mm!Bolex!camera.! And!how!to!make!scriptaless!films.!He! eventually!played!the!American!boss!in! my!film![Perfumed.Nightmare].!He!hated! being!in!front!of!the!camera. For!his!video!exercise,!he!asked!me!and! a!Brazilian!girl!to!be!actors.!We!went!to! his!film!school.!That!week!the!professor! was!sick.!The!substitute!professor!was! Werner!Herzog.!I!didn't!know!he!was!a! German!New!Wave!director.!After!our! exercise,!he!asked!“Are!you!a! professional!actor?”!I!said!no.!Assured!I! was!no!Klaus!Kinski,!Herzog!smiled:! “Sehr.gut..I!don't!like!working!with! professionals.”!He!took!my!address.!Two! months!later!he!came!to!our!commune! and!asked!if!I!would!play!a!role!in! Kasper.Hauser.![…]!There!is!a!circus! scene!where!Kaspar!joins!the!freak! show.!Herzog!revived!five!characters! from!his!past!five!films…!a!mini! retrospective!of!his!works.!From!his!film! Aguirre,.the.Wrath.of.God,!I'm!the! Amazon!Indian,!Hombrecito.!As!a!circus! freak,!I!obsessively!play!the!flute! because!my!tribe!will!survive!only!if!I! play!it!everyday.!Then,!we!freaks!do!a! jail!break!for!freedom!from!the! zircusmeister.!These!influences:!being!on! a!Herzog!set,!helping!a!film!student,! ruleaflouting!in!the!artist!commune,! made!me!think,!“Hey,!I!want!to!get!a! 16mm!camera.”!I!had!a!super!8!camera! and!traded!it!with!someone!for!a!Bolex,! and!that's!how!I!got!to!do!Perfumed. Nightmare. ! ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012! ! ! CARTOGRAFIA!Ouvi!dizer!que!nas! grandes!viagens!de!descobertas,!aqueles! que!tinham!por!missão!desenhar!as! cartas!dos!novos!arquipélagos! introduziam!de!bom!grado!uma!ilha!a! seu!gosto,!que!baptizavam!com!o!nome! da!mulher!eleita.!Era!um!facto! confessado!e!reconhecido!e!ninguém!se! perturbava!quando!se!não!encontrava! sinal!dessas!ilhas!nas!navegações! seguintes.!Era!diziaase,!”!a!ilha!da! mulher!do!cartógrafo!”. passamos!de!uma!história!à!outra,! vamos!sendo!instalados!por!uma! irreversibilidade!natural!e!nada! podemos!contra!esse!movimento. ! ! ! ! JeanaPierre!Abraham,!Fort.Cigogne,!2007! CASTING%O!Som!e!a!Fúria!está!a! preparar!um!documentário!de!André! Príncipe,!provisoriamente!chamado! Campo!de!Flamingos!sem!Flamingos.![…]! Estamos!à!procura!de!personagens,! locais,!situações!que,!não!sendo!o! Portugal!dos!jornais!ou!dos!postais,! habitam!este!país: de!marginais,!excêntricos,!sábios,!loucos,! apaixonados de!investigadores! de!hackers,!de!permacultores de!escritores,!de!vocalistas!de!death! metal! de!animais!selvagens,!de!avestruzes!que! correm!atrás!dos!carros de!aldeias!desertas,!faróis,!mosteiros de!lendas,!tradições e!todo!o!resto. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! O!Som!e!a!Fúria,!Pedido!de!ajuda,!2011! ! ! CHILDHOOD!“The!little!island!seemed! to!float!on!the!dark!lakeawaters.!Trees! grew!on!it,!and!a!little!hill!rose!in!the! middle!of!it.!It!was!a!mysterious!island,! lonely!and!beautiful.!All!the!children! stood!and!gazed!at!it,!loving!it!and! longing!to!go!to!it.!It!looked!so!secret!–! almost!magic.! “Well,”!said!Jack!at!last.!“What!do!you! think?!Shall!we!run!away,!and!live!on!the! secret!island?”! “Yes!”!whispered!all!the!children.! “Let’s!”! ! ! Enid!Blyton,!The.Secret.Island,!1938! ! ! CICLOS%DE%LUZ!Numa!das!sessões!do! IndieLisboa,!André!Príncipe,!ao!falar! sobre!o!método!de!rodagem!–!respona dendo!à!questão!de!saber!se!esperou! pelos!acontecimentos!ou!se!tinha! encontro!marcado!com!os! acontecimentos!,!disse!que!se!tratou,! sobretudo,!de!captar!os!ciclos!da!luz.! Não!é!coisa!metafórica,!é!material:!não! ! Vasco!Câmara,!“O!país!já!não!está!ali”,!Público,! 2013! CIMENTO%Em!vários!pontos!da!ilha! ! ! ! ! ! ! vemos!obras!faraónicas!em!construção.! Matériasaprimas!chegam!ao%porto!para! serem!distribuídas!pelos!diversos! estaleiros.!Em!pouco!tempo!a!ilha! ganhará!novas formas.!Destróiase,! constróiase!e,!nesse!processo,! transformaase!um!Lugar!de!partida,!de! onde!se!é!obrigado!a!fugir,!num!Destino! para!turistas!com!toques!de!paraíso!à.la. carte.!Piscinas!de água!doce!nascem!em! terras!de!água!salgada,!onde!beber!água! é!uma!inquietação!fundamental do!diaaaadia. % % % ! ! Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!2013! ! ! CITIES,%THE%In!Italo!Calvino’s!Invisible. Cities,!Kublai!Khan,!Mongol!Emperor,! asks!Marco!Polo!to!tell!him!what!he!saw! in!the!far!cities!of!his!empire.!Knowing! his!empire!is!weakening!under!its!own! weight,!the!great!Khan!asks!Polo!to! narrate!how!they!are!substituting!the! last!traces!of!happiness!in!these! remote!cities,!and!for!him,!invisible.!As. Cidades.e.as.Trocas.seeks!to!depart!from! a!nostalgia!similar!to!the!Great!Khan’s,! in!order!to!understand!what!in!this! historical!process!is!disappearing!and! will!be!unrecoverable. % . Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!Directors’!Notes,! 2010! ! ! CLOWN!Tahimik!est!d’abord!et!avant! tout!un!“!clown!”!:!chose!rare,!qui! renseigne!ses!liens!de!parenté! cinématographiques!avec!Chaplin!ou! Jacques!Tati!et!témoigne!de!sa!distance! essentielle!par!rapport!au!cinéma! contemporaine!en!général,!qu’il!s’agisse! du!cinéma!du!Tiers!Monde!ou!du!cinéma! hollywoodien. ! ! Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011! ! ! COLLABORATION!A.Spell!is!a!film!that! we!collaborated!on!entirely,!from! 19 ! beginning!to!end.!The!concept,!the!form,! and!the!structure!were!arrived!at!with! total!participation!from!each!of!us.!We! never!filmed!or!edited!anything!without! the!other!being!present,!and!while! you’re!right!in!thinking!that!the!work! points!towards!our!own!varied! tendencies,!you’re!getting!closer!to!the! truth!of!the!film!when!you!sense!a! deeper!reading!pulsing!just!below!that! surface.!And!people!who!don’t!know!our! earlier!work!but!have!seen!this!film!thus! far!(we’ve!had!a!few!“workainaprogress”! screenings)!seem!to!have!a!much!more! complete!experience!of!it,!one!that!is!not! weighed!down!by!a!search!for!signs!of! the!single!authors!within!the! collaborative!duo.!I!wonder!if!this!means! that!the!unfamiliar!audience!is!our!ideal! set!of!eyes!and!ears?!Neither!of!us!are! willing!to!stick!to!this,!as!there!are!still!a! great!number!of!audiences!ahead!of!us. ! ! Ben!Rivers,!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,! Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! MoindreaImportance!ou!petite!île!de! RienaduaTout,!son!nom!se!modifie! encore!selon!l’humeur!du!moment:!d’île! Redoutable!ou!Imprévue,!elle!devient!île! Fériée!ou!SansaArrièrea!Pensées.! L’archipel!auquel!elle!appartenait! semble!avoir!disparu!et,!malgré!d’ina tensives!recherches,!les!îles!AaPart,! Subito!Presto!et!Incognito!demeurent! introuvables. CommeaAvant!n’a!ni!jardiniers,!ni! vendeurs!de!parfums,!ni!fleuristes,!ni! cuisiniers,!ni!boulangers,!ni!poètes.!La! mairie!est!dirigée!par!Quatreamainsaàa l’ouvrage,!balayeur!municipal!qui!sauva! l’île!des!incursions!de!TueaTueaPaona Paon,!capitale!du!Grand!Continent.!Pour! toute!information,!il!est!souhaitable!de! consulter!les!périodiques,!Le.Charlatan,! Le.Transigeant!ou!Les.Echos.de.la. Caverne.et.de.La.caserne.des.Brigands.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jacques! Prévert,!Lettre.des.îles.Baladar;!Paris,!1952! ! ! COLLECTIVITY%1!I!am!of!the!opinion! sem!ferir!a!eternidade. that!my!life!belongs!to!the!whole! community!and!as!long!as!I!live,!it!is!my! privilege!to!do!for!it!whatever!I!can.!I! want!to!be!thoroughly!used!up!when!I! die,!for!the!harder!I!work!the!more!I!live. ! ! Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854! ! COMMON%PLACE % ! ! Tropical!the!island!breeze! All!of!nature!wild!and!free! This!is!where!I!long!to!be! La!isla!bonita. COLLECTIVITY!2!What!should!young! Madonna,!“La!Isla!Bonita”,!True.Blue,!1987! ! ! George!Bernard!Shaw!(unsourced)! ! people!do!with!their!lives!today?!Many! things,!obviously.!But!the!most!daring! thing!is!to!create!stable!communities!in! which!the!terrible!disease!of!loneliness! can!be!cured. ! ! Kurt!Vonnegut,!“Thoughts!of!a!Free!Thinker”! commencement!address,!Hobart!and!William! Smith!Colleges,!1974! ! ! COLLECTIVITY!3%Our!business!here!is! to!be!Utopian,!to!make!vivid!and! credible,!if!we!can,!first!this!facet!and! then!that,!of!an!imaginary!whole!and! happy!world. ! ! H.G.!Wells,!A.Modern.Utopia,!1905! ! ! COMMEDAVANT,!autrefois,!île!de! l’archipel!Baladar,!aujourd’hui!rattachée! à!l’Europe.!Appelée!jadis!île!Sansalaa 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! COMO%SE!pudésseis!matar!o!tempo! ! ! screening.!Unfortunately,!any!plans!for! such!an!event!were!scuppered!when! police!arrived!with!an!official!notice! from!on!high!and!set!up!surveillance! teams!to!quash!any!illicit!viewing. After!several!hours!of!beers,!cigarettes! and!chatter,!festival!director!Wang! Hongwei![…]!called!a!meeting!to! announce!that!he!had!agreed!to!certain! concessions!that!would!allow!the! festival!to!go!ahead,!just!not!in!a!way! actually!recognisable!as!a!festival:! approved!persons!–!directors,!jury,! invited!guests!–!can!sign!up!to!take!away! DVDs!of!all!the!films!that!were!to!be! screened!at!the!fest,!to!watch!in!their! own!time.!They!can!then!return!to! Songzhuang!to!take!part!in!the!already! scheduled!discussions!and!lectures.! However,!the!DVDs!may!not!be!watched! by!fewer!than!two!people!or!more!than! five.!The!movies!can!also!be!watched!on! individual!computers!at!the!Li!Xianting! Film!Foundation!. This!is,!of!course,!a!triumph!for!the! authorities,!for!whom!BIFF!always! looked!too!much!like!an!uncontrollable! hotbed!of!potential!sedition:! unapproved!talk!about!unapproved! films!by!unapproved!persons.![…]!The! result,!however,!was!that!that!same! community!pulled!together,!spreading! the!weight!of!the!festival!by!screening! films!in!homes,!studios!and!other! private!spaces.![…]!The!subsequent! 'solution',!while!allowing!the!festival!to! go!ahead!in!name,!has!the!desired!effect! of!fragmenting!the!community,!forcing!it! to!exist!as!a!sofaabound!diaspora!rather! than!a!living,!organic!whole. The!result!is!the!inevitable!conclusion!of! years!of!pressure!that!had!already! reduced!the!festival's!audience!to!a!core! of!directors,!journalists,!screenwriters! and!others!able!to!penetrate!the!inner! circle!of!independent!Chinese!cinema!–! excluding!those!without!the!knowledge! or!connections!to!find!out!exactly!where! and!when!screenings!would!be!available! […]!This,!of!course,!raises!the!question! of!whether!it's!even!worth!persevering! with!a!festival!that!cannot!actively! promote!itself,!much!less!the!films!it!was! set!up!to!support.!Or,!some!might!argue,! ! ! ! COMMUNITY%Tenth!Beijing! Independent!Film!Festival!(BIFF)!has! been!cancelled!by!the!powers!that!be.! Last!year!the!event!suffered!a! mysterious!power!cut!during!its!opening! film!that!the!authorities!ascribed!to!a! completely!coincidental!accident.!This! year,!immediately!after!the!opening! ceremony!(pictured)!in!a!Songzhuang! cafeacinema,!which!was!attended!by! directors!from!as!far!afield!as!Iran!and! Sweden,!the!assembled!crowd!were! informed!that!the!planned!screenings! would!not!be!taking!place!as!scheduled. In!a!repeat!of!last!year's!event,!the! crowd!dutifully!filed!over!to!the!nearby! Li!Xianting!Film!Foundation,!newly! rebuilt!with!a!threeastorey!screen,!for! what!most!assumed!would!be!a!private! ! ! ! ! ! ! this!makes!the!need!for!such!events!–! however!compromised!–!even!more! urgent.!It!remains!to!be!seen!whether! the!festival!will!return!next!year,!and!if! so!what!form!it!will!take. ! ! James!Wilkinson,!“Bad!news!from!the! beleaguered!film!fest”,!2013! ! ! COMPLEMENTARITY!Russell!and! Rivers!share!an!engagement!with!the! history!of!ethnographic!film,!but!only! inasmuch!as!the!critiques!of!its! shortcomings!and!power!relations!have! been!fully!internalized. A.Spell.to.Ward.Off.the.Darkness!finds! their!styles!melding!in!the!most! fascinating!ways.!There!has!been!a!more! reserved!attitude!in!many!of!Rivers’! films,!a!desire!to!hang!back!with!patient! curiosity,!which!is!distinct!from! Russell’s!more!agitated!approach.! What’s!more,!Russell’s!films!have!often! favored!group!dynamics,!or!at!least! individuals!losing!their!identities!in! tandem;!Rivers!has!more!often!than!not! worked!within!a!mode!of!solo! portraiture.!The!resulting!collaboration! is!a!dialectical!meld!of!these!tendencies. ! ! ! Michael!Sicinski,!Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! ! ! CONHECIMENTO!O!que!conheço! melhor!é!a!sensação!de!não!conhecer! realmente!as!coisas!e!gostaria!de!fazer! um!filme!sobre!o!que!conheço!melhor. ! ! André!Príncipe,!2011! ! ! CONSTRUCTION!He![Kaczynski]! hauled!lumber!and!plywood!in!an!old! 1954!dark!blue!Chevrolet!pickup!truck.! He!built!a!10!x!12!foot!wood!frame! structure!and!raised!it!by!himself.!He! installed!a!woodstove!near!the!rear!of! the!cabin!and!a!bit!to!the!left.!A! bookshelf!ran!across!the!top!of!the!front! and!two!sidewalls.!A!19ainch!square! window!on!the!left!was!centered!from! top!to!bottom!and!slightly!forward,! another!of!the!same!size!on!the!right! was!at!the!top!and!back.!The!front!door! was!opposite!shelves!that!covered!the! rear!wall.!There!was!no!electricity,!no! plumbing!or!outhouse.!He!composted! his!waste!and!siphoned!water!out!of! 21 ! Canyon!Creek.!He!planted!a!garden!and! hunted!for!food.! ! ! James!Benning,!“Twelve!people”,!(FC).Two. Cabins.by.JB!,!2011! ! % CONTAR%En!la!película!que!Pedro!Costa! hizo!sobre!Jean!Marie!Straub!,!este! último!explica!que!la!forma!por!la!forma! no!existe,!es!una!idea!chocando!con!una! materia.!Eso!es!lo!que!genera!la!forma.! En!mi!caso!no!sé!si!diría!que!es!más! importante!la!manera!de!contar!que!lo! que!se!cuenta,!pero!para!mí!como! espectador!lo!más!importante!no!es!el! tema!de!una!película.!Las!sinopsis! suelen!ser!un!mal!resumen!de!esa! película.!Se!suelen!referir!a!una!trama!y! no!tanto!a!cómo!está!resuelta!esa!trama! que!para!mi!es!realmente!lo!importante.! Lo!que!lo!va!a!hacer!importante!es!esa! perspectiva!del!director.!Cómo!se!ha! decidido!contar.! % ! Eloy!Enciso!entrevistado!por!Jesús!Alarcón,! “Conversamos!con!Eloy!Enciso”,! www.400films.com,!2013! ! ! CONTENT!As!the!film!collages!a! portrait!from!various!cities,!stringing! together!personal!stories!of!those!who! find!themselves!on!the!flipside!of! capitalism's!profiteers,!it!always!returns! to!a!POV!shot!of!a!cargo!ship!at!sea! stacked!high!with!shipping!containers.! This!central!thread!of!a!shot!works!to! physically!place!us!with!the!multia colored!containers,!making!us!sit!and! pass!time!next!to!them!above!the!depths! of!the!seemingly!limitless!ocean!which! doubles!as!a!metaphor!for!the!unknown,! the!question!mark!that!Sekula!raises!to! how!long!such!a!destructive!system!can! be!sustained.!These!shots!are! memorable!not!only!because!one!rarely! encounters!so!many!shipping!containers! in!their!daily!life,!but!even!when!they! are!seen!in!movies,!they!are!ignored!for! their!realaworld!content!and!are!instead! used,!as!in!La.Havre!or!the!second! season!of!The.Wire,!as!plot!devices!–! mere!vessels!containing!smuggled! refugees!or!prostitutes.!With!this!shot,! Sekula!and!Burch!remind!us!that!the! calm!orderliness!of!these!containers! belies!the!destruction!they!wreak!on!the! 22 ! ! ! ! world:!the!landscapes,!as!with!the! Betuwe!railway!that!connects! Rotterdam!with!Germany,!they!must! tear!through!to!reach!consumers;!the! laborers!that!are!exploited!for!there!to! be!a!profit,!as!evidenced!by!one! immigrant!Los!Angeles!truck!driver!who! learns!that!his!$75K!salary!reduces!to! under!$4!an!hour!after!monthly! payments,!taxes,!and!fees;!and!the! environment!they!imbalance!as!the!oil! from!the!ships!is!hosed!off!into!the! water,!acidifying!it. ! ! Kalvin!Henely,!slantmagazine.com,!2012! ! ! CONTINENT!No!man!is!an!island,! entire!of!itself;!every!man!is!a!piece!of! the!continent,!a!part!of!the!main.!If!a! clod!be!washed!away!by!the!sea,!Europe! is!the!less,!as!well!as!if!a!promontory! were,!as!well!as!if!a!manor!of!thy!friend's! or!of!thine!own!were:!any!man's!death! diminishes!me,!because!I!am!involved!in! mankind,!and!therefore!never!send!to! know!for!whom!the!bells!tolls;!it!tolls!for! thee. ! ! John!Donne,!Devotions.upon.Emergent.Occasions,! 1624! ! % CONTORNO!Há!dois!dias!que! acampamos!numa!mata!de!terra!firme.! Encontrámos!um!lugar!alto!e! suficientemente!perto!da!canoa!para!não! a!perder!de!vista.!Se!acontecesse!alguma! coisa!ao!Ártemis,!não!faço!a!mínima! ideia!de!como!regressaria.!Estou! perfeitamente!e!ontologicamente! perdido.!Não!sei,!onde!fica,!onde!estou.! As!terras!transformaramase!em!ilhas! durante!as!cheias.!Parece!que!a!água! nasceu!aqui,!nenhuma!corrente!indicia! que!ela!transume,!e!a!complexidade!das! margens!e!das!suas!circunvoluções!não! me!deixa!perceber!o!seu!rumo.!Nesta! contiguidade!movediça!da!água!e!da! mata!em!equilíbrio,!existem!muitas! transições!entre!a!terra!e!o!rio!:!várzea,! igapó,!igarapé,!charco,!pântano,!lamaçal,! aningal.!Não!se!sabe!exactamente!qual! deles!contorna!o!outro,!se!ilha!rodeada! de!água!ou!lago!rodeado!de!mata. CONTRADICTIONS!If!Tahimik!is!as! expert!at!recycling!found!film!objects!as! he!is!with!automobiles,!he!is!also! efficient!in!expressing!himself!with! them.!In!a!typical!editing!joke!he!sits!in!a! castle!window,!comparing!its!sturdiness! with!his!own!family's!fragile!bamboo! huts!–!then!blows!himself!out!of!the! window.!Anxiety!and!confusion!are! registered!with!a!vibrating!frame.! None!of!this!is!subtle,!but!it!is,!thank! God,!unpretentious.!And!punchyafunny,! like!his!recognition!of!Westernastyle! freedom:!“Liberté,!egalité,!fraternité,! supermarché!” His!ending,!composed!in!equal!parts!of! whimsicality!and!stubbornness,!is!no! more!a!political!or!social!answer!to!the! problems!he!addresses!than!the!film's! argument!is!a!narrowly!political!one.! Rather!it's!one!artist's!rendering!of!a! personal!journey!toward!understanding! of!–!yes!–!contradictions.!This!is!the!kind! of!thirdaworld!film!to!grind!a!dogmatist! 's!teeth!for!him.! “I'm!not!as!little!as!you!think,”!he!grins! at!the!end,!just!before!credits!in!which! “mega!superstars”!–!national!figures!that! show!up!on!found!footage!–!are! graciously!listed!as!well!as!a!host!of! friends!and!relatives.!Tahimik!convinces! you!of!that,!just!as!he!convinces!you! with!the!cheap!magic!of!movies!of!the! felt!cultural!inferiority!in! underdeveloped!countries. ! ! ! ! ! Pat!Aufderheide,!“The!Joys!of!an!imperfect!Film”,! In.These.Times,!1981! ! ! CONTRAST!Black!and!white,!lines!and! curves,!fishing!net!and!mobile!phone.! The!man!is!looking!at!the!phone’s!screen! and!appears!to!be!saying!something.!We! can’t!hear!it. ! ! ! ! Mattia!Denisse,!Logo.depois.da.vírgula,!2011! ! ! ! ! ! ! % % CONTROL!is!not!discipline.!You!do!not! confine!people!with!a!highway.!But!by! making!highways,!you!multiply!the! means!of!control.!I!am!not!saying!this!is! the!only!aim!of!highways,!but!people!can! travel!infinitely!and!“freely”!without! being!confined!while!being!perfectly! controlled.!That!is!our!future. ! ! Gilles!Deleuze,!What.is.the.Creative.Act?,!1987! ! ! COPYING!In!June!2008,!Benning! finished!constructing!his!Kaczynski! cabin!and!started!assembling!a!library!of! more!than!one!hundred!titles!that! combines!books!Kaczynski!read!or! owned!with!books!that!Benning!was! influenced!by!and!that!helped!to!focus! his!philosophical!and!artistic!method!of! looking!and!listening.!Mounted!on!the! walls!of!both!cabins!are!copies!of! paintings!by!“outsider”!artists,!also! made!by!Benning.!He!began!copying!to! learn!how!to!paint!and!turned!to!the! work!of!artists!who!fascinated!him!in! their!obsessive!pursuit!of!a!particular! vision!in!order!to!better!understand! their!ways!of!seeing!and!composing.![…]! Selfataught!and!independent,!Benning! feels!compelling!affiliations!with!the! artists!he!copies,!with!their!extreme! focus,!obsessive!methods,!and!the!ways! in!which!their!works!reference!their! lives.![…]!Reacreating!is!intimate.! Learning!how!others!see!and!compose! requires!suspending!one’s!subjectivity! 23 ! and!authorial!program!to!open!onto! understanding. ! ! Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,! 2011! ! ! CORPS%C’est!le!ballast!de!l’imaginaire! social,!l’ultime!individualité!qui!cloue! sur!place!les!strates!du!général!et!de! l’abstrait,!de!l’universel!et!du!collectif.! En!Occident,!le!dépérissement!collectif! (corporate)!de!l’expérience!provoque! cependant!une!frénésie!et!un!désespoir! tels!que!les!grâces!promises!par!ce!qu’il! reste!du!corps!sont!recherchées!avec!un! acharnement!quasi!pathologique.!C’est! ce!que!l’on!peut!appeler!la!réduction!au! corps,!observable,!pour!ses!formes!les! plus!symptomatiques,!dans!la! pornographie!au!sens!strict!et!plus! largement!dans!la!pornographie!de!la! violence!–!à!condition!d’admettre,!para delà!une!perspective!naïvement! moralisante,!que!s’y!inscrivent!des! vérités!historiques!profondes! relativement!à!notre!expérience!sociale! et!aux!caractéristiques!primordiales!de! notre!relation!socialement!spécifique!à! l’Être. % ! Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011! ! ! COSMOS!1982!was!the!first!time!Asian! films!were!invited!to!Japan.!Japan! Foundation!sponsored!a!visit!by!12! Asian!film!directors.!We!had!a!dinner! with!Akira!Kurosawa!in!Hakone.!On!the! tatami!mat!I!sat!beside!his!assistant,!Ms.! Nogami,!who!worked!with!him!for!over! 30!years.!I!asked!him,!“Sensei,!when!I! see!your!films!everything!is!so!wella studied!and!planned!–!up!to!the!last! button!of!the!samurai.!The!colors!of!the! leaves,!one!feels!are!all!included!in!your! production!design.!Do!you!ever!allow.the. cosmos!to!bring!in!a!suggested!moment! that's!not!in!the!script!or!art!design?”! Kurosawa!reflected:,!“Hmm…! sometimes,!I!consult!my!ancestors.”!I'm! not!sure!what!he!meant.!Did!it!mean! consulting!his!duende?!Every!time!after! that,!when!I!meet!Ms.!Nogami,!she! always!calls!me!Mr.!Cosmos. […]!When!you!work!with!the!cosmos,! suddenly!you!get!ideas!for!how!to!treat! some!visuals,!like!some!images!that!had! 24 ! ! ! ! ! no!intention!of!being!in!the!film.!That's! the!freedom!of!the!independent.! Normally!when!you're!making!a!film,!it's! almost!preaset,!what!elements!will!go!in! –!so!it!will!have!“a!unified.structure.”!But! for!me,!I!shoot!so!many!things! impulsively,!that!once!I!start!editing!a! film,!suddenly!there!is!an!imperative!for! this!obscure!shot!to!come!in!here…!or! there.!You!keep!juggling!until!you!find! an!organic!flow.!You!don't!have!a!script,! you!just!do!it!by!feel.!You're!surprised! that!audiences!like!it.![…]!Yeah,!the. unique.worldview!of!your!personal! duende.frames!the!“unified!structure.”!It! is!an!inner!urge!“my!story!has!got!to!be! told/shared.”!So,!maybe!the!urgency! isn't!that!strong!–!if!you!can't!let!go!of! your!“film!school”!anchors.!The!rules!of! the!game!(profit!formula)!puts!a! straightjacket!on!your!duende’s! storytelling.!Storywise!you!have!to!slay! the!father.!What!would!“the!unified! structure”!of!my!debut!film!Perfumed. Nightmare!have!been!like!if!my!MBA! frame!was!king:!the!only!good!film!is!a! mallaable!film. ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012! ! % COUNTING!First,!you've!got!to!get!out! of!the!cell.!Each!bar!has!six!hard!smaller! bars!set!in!a!steel!tube!with!extra!steel! poured!in.!And!there!ain't!no!way!to! tunnel!out,!either.![…]!This!island!is!solid! rock.!See!that!water?!It's!over!a!mile! swim!to!land.!The!currents!make!it!seem! like!10.!And!the!water's!so!cold!it!will! numb!your!arms!in!minutes.!Even!if!you! are!a!good!swimmer,!you!won't!have! time!to!make!it.!There!are!12!counts! every!day.!Sometimes!l!think!that's!all! this!shit!hole!is,!one!long!count. ! ! Escape.from.Alcatraz,!Don!Siegel,!1979! ! ! CRACKS!That!the!filmmakers!did!shoot! in!the!street!and!found!new!material! during!production!speaks,!then,!to!the! film's!overdetermined!ideas,!which!are! thoughtaprovoking,!but,!as!noticeable! during!a!scene!of!two!young!Chinese! women!in!their!dormitory!in!Shenzhen,! can!seem!out!of!touch!with,!or!to! oversimplify,!the!images!they're! commenting!on.!These!factory!workers! are!visibly!content,!if!not!happy,!at!their! place!in!life!which,!besides!allowing! them!to!meet!basic!necessities,!affords! them!to!go!shopping!on!their!days!off.! The!film!wants!us!to!imagine!their!lives! as!being!one!long!thankless!chore,!but! there's!something!to!be!said!for!their! smiles!that!the!film!ignores:!Call!it! individual!experience!at!the!microlevel! and!human!psychology.!It's!these!cracks! in!the!film's!makeup!that!prove!the! difficulty!of!matching!theory!to!reality,! thought!with!image,!to!seamlessly!go! from!the!controllable!qualities!of!still! photos!and!text!to!moving!images!which! can!be!harder!to!tame. Pacho!Velez,!Pedro!Pinho,!Stephanie! Spray CONTRIBUTIONS!Aily!Nash,!Alex!Cassal,! Ana!Eliseu,!Ben!Rivers,!Ben!Russell,! Cynthia!Beatt,!Federico!Rossin,!Joana! Frazão,!João!Amaral!Frazão,!Joaquim! Pinto,!José!Manuel!Costa,!Luisa!Homem,! Maria!João!Soares,!Nuno!Lisboa,!Pedro! Pinho,!Rebecca!Baron WITH!THE!COLLABORATTION!OF!Henrique! Mourão,!Inês!Mestre,!Maria!João!Soares, Nuno!Lisboa WE!THANK!EVERYONE!ABOVE!AND!Antonio! Rodrigues,!Filipe!Cavaco,!Isabel!Tomás,! Joana!Gusmão,!Manuela!Sousa!Tavares,! Raquel!Marques,!Rudolf!Thome,!Teresa! Borges ! ! ! ! Kalvin!Henely,!slantmagazine.com,!2012! ! ! CRAFT%“1.!skill!esp.!in!practical!arts!2.!a! boat!or!vessel!3.!cunning;!deceit!vt!to! craft,!to!make!in!a!skillful!way”!–!The. Oxford.Essential.Dictionary!(American! Edition),!1998. In!the!act!of!copying!by!hand!a!drawing! of!a!manzanita!bush!rooted!in!a!hillside,! the!copyist,!intent!on!every!detail,!soon! gets!lost!inside!the!labor,!the!blind! mimetic!trance!as!the!wood!inside!the! paper!fades!back!into!the!outline!of!a! tree,!and,!in!that!process!of!absorption,! all!the!connotations!of!craft!come!into! play:!humble!skill!and!cunning;! dexterity,!accomplishment!and! masterful!deceit.!God!and!Devil!both!are! in!the!details.!Hand!and!eye!become!a! single!vessel!sailing!on!a!surface! towards!a!destination!that’s!been! mapped!out!in!advance. ! ! ! Dick!Hebdige,!“After!Benning,!after!Math:!12,!13! and!counting….”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,!2011! ! ! CREDITS!RESEARCH!AND!EDITING!Ana! Eliseu,!Joana!Frazão GRAPHIC!DESIGN!Joana!Frazão DRAWINGS!Ana!Eliseu ORIGINAL!TEXTS!André!Príncipe,!Ben! Rivers,!Cynthia!Beatt,!João!Vladimiro,! Joaquim!Pinto,!José!Manuel!Costa,!Kidlat! Tahimik,!Luisa!Homem,!Nuno!Lisboa,! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CUCO % Um!cuco foge!ao!longe!–!e!ao!longe, uma!ilha ! ! ! Bashô! ! Um!cuco cuja!voz!se!arrasta sobre!as!água ! ! ! ! Issa! Herberto!Helder,!O.Bebedor.Nocturno.–.poemas. mudados.para.português,!2010!! ! ! CULTUREDPRENO!Metaphor:!Preno! (Spanish!word)!is!the!brakesasystem! that!regulates!vehicle!speed!to!reach! destination!safely.!Similarly!culture!is! the!collective!energizer!(engine)!and! safety!regulator!(brakes)!of!a!people! whose!consensus!on!goals/!taboos! developed!over!the!centuries.!Might! global!cinema’s!addiction!to!boxaoffice! formulas!be!eroding!culturally!the! communal!brakes!to!consumer!greed?! Have!Hollywood!S+V+P!themes!pumped! air!into!the!brakeafluids!that!transmitted! cultural!regulators?!Are!CNN’s!formula! newscasts!focusing!on!gang!rapes!in! India,!school!kids!massacre!in!Sandy! Point,!mowing!down!of!Amazon!forests! (yes,!green!massacres)!proof!of!faulty! cultureaprenos!globally? % % Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! 25 ! des!myriades!de!tableaux:!madone!et! son!bambin,!bijoux,!perroquets,!et! silhouettes!humaines!qui!s’entremêlent! comme!dans!les!danses!des!jeunes!filles! du!Rhin.!Des!dessins!très!clairs! s’impriment!sur!l’obscurité!absolue!de! l’air!environnant,!telles!les!formes! peintes!sur!les!fenêtres!par!la!gelée,!et! puis!elles!disparaissent!à!nouveau!dans! l’ombre. ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Alfred! Jarry,!Gestes.et.Opinions.du.docteur.Faustroll,. pataphysicien,!posth.,!Paris,!1911! ! ! DESCONHECIDO%Enquanto!viajante,! uma!das!coisas!mais!mágicas!e! interessantes!é,!quando!o!comboio! chega!a!um!sítio!onde!nunca!estivemos,! não!saber!o!que!é!que!vem!a!seguir.! Gostava!que!o!filme!pudesse!ter!essa! qualidade,!a!inocência!e!a!energia!mais! primordial!de!avançar!por!um!território! desconhecido. ! ! André!Príncipe,!2013! ! ! ! DECISIONS!Modern!man!is!strapped! down!by!a!network!of!rules!and! regulations,!and!his!fate!depends!on!the! actions!of!persons!remote!from!him! whose!decisions!he!cannot!influence.! […]!The!result!is!a!sense!of! powerlessness!on!the!part!of!the! average!person.![…] In!any!technologically!advanced!society! the!individual's!fate!must!depend!on! decisions!that!he!personally!cannot! influence!to!any!great!extent.!A! technological!society!cannot!be!broken! down!into!small,!autonomous! communities,!because!production! depends!on!the!cooperation!of!very! large!numbers!of!people!and!machines.! Such!a!society!must!be!highly!organized! and!decisions!have!to!be!made!that! affect!very!large!numbers!of!people.! When!a!decision!affects,!say,!a!million! people,!then!each!of!the!affected! individuals!has,!on!the!average,!only!a! oneamillionth!share!in!making!the! decision.!What!usually!happens!in! practice!is!that!decisions!are!made!by! public!officials!or!corporation! ! 26 ! executives,!or!by!technical!specialists,! but!even!when!the!public!votes!on!a! decision!the!number!of!voters!ordinarily! is!too!large!for!the!vote!of!any!one! individual!to!be!significant.!Thus!most! individuals!are!unable!to!influence! measurably!the!major!decisions!that! affect!their!lives.!Their!is!no!conceivable! way!to!remedy!this!in!a!technologically! advanced!society.!The!system!tries!to! “solve”!this!problem!by!using! propaganda!to!make!people!want!the! decisions!that!have!been!made!for!them,! but!even!if!this!“solution”!were! completely!successful!in!making!people! feel!better,!it!would!be!demeaning. ! ! Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its. Future,!1995! ! ! DENTELLES,%PAYS%DE!Royaume! insulaire,!à!quelques!heures!de!l’île!de! Her.!A!son!approche,!le!navigateur!est! quasi!aveugle!par!une!lumière! éblouissante!et!pure,!plaquée!sur!les! ténèbres!en!un!contraste!autrement!plus! violent!qu’au!jour!de!la!création.!Avec! cette!lumière,!le!roi!de!Dentelles!tisse! DESCRIÇÃO!Aqui,!e!por!toda!a!ilha,!as! árvores!são!verdes!e!as!ervas!também,! como!no!mês!de!abril,!em!Andaluzia.!O! canto!dos!passarinhos!é!tal!que! pareceria!homem!nenhum!daqui! quisesse!partir.!Os!bandos!de!papagaios! obscurecem!o!sol.!Pássaros!e! passarinhos!são!de!tantas!espécies!dos! nossos,!que!é!uma!maravilha ! . Cristóvão!Colombo,!A.Descoberta.da.América,. Diário.de.bordo,!1493! ! ! DESCRIPTION%“I!speak!and!speak,”! Marco!says,!“but!the!listener!retains!only! the!words!he!is!expecting.!The! description!of!the!world!to!which!you! lend!a!benevolent!ear!is!one!thing;!the! description!that!will!go!the!rounds!of!the! groups!of!stevedores!and!gondoliers!on! the!street!outside!my!house!the!day!of! my!return!is!another,!that!which!I!might! dictate!late!in!life,!if!I!were!taken! prisioner!by!Genoese!pirates!and!put!in! irons!in!the!same!cell!with!a!writer!of! adventure!stories.!It!is!not!the!voice!that! commands!the!story:!it!is!the!ear.” ! ! Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972! ! ! DESEJO!Pela!cena!que!acompanhava!de! seu!camarote,!e!das!espécies,!de!que! encontrara!testemunho!no!navio,!seria! talvez!o!Éden,!onde!nos!riachos!fluem! leite!e!mel,!um!triunfo!abundante!de! frutas!e!animais!pacíficos?!Mas,!se!assim! fosse,!não!seria!talvez!renovar!o!erro!do! primeiro!pecador,!ao!querer!violar!a! virgindade!da!ilha?!Talvez,!justamente,!a! providência!quisera!que!ele!fosse!uma! casta!testemunha!de!uma!beleza!que! jamais!deveria!ter!perturbado.!Não!era! essa!a!manifestação!do!amor!mais! perfeito,!como!o!que!professava!à!sua! senhora:!amar!de!longe,!renunciando!ao! orgulho!de!seu!domínio?!É!amor,!o!amor! que!aspira!à!conquista?!Se!a!ilha!devia! confundirase!com!o!objeto!de!seu!amor,! ambos!eram!merecedores!da!mesma! reserva…!E!à!mesma!castidade!sentirasea ia!obrigado!com!relação!à!ilha!que,! quanto!mais!desejava,!cheia!de! promessas,!tanto!menos!desejaria!tocáa la.!Longe!da!senhora,!longe!da!ilha,!de! ambas!poderia!apenas!falar,!querendoa as!imaculadas,!a!fim!de!que!imaculadas! pudessem!conservarase,!tocadas!apenas! pelas!carícias!dos!elementos. ! ! Umberto!Eco,!A.Ilha.do.Dia.Anterior,!1994! ! ! DETOURS!In!the!summer!of!1976,!I! invited!Herzog!to!the!editing!room!to! view!Perfumed.Nightmare.!He!was! pleasantly!surprised!at!my!unorthodox! crude!cutanapaste:!literally!cut!celluloid! strip!and!glue!it!to!the!next.!But!Herzog! said!I!had!to!work!a!bit!more!on!it.!I!was! particularly!unsure!about!that!sequence! where!I!visit!Germany!and!encounter! the!onion!tower!and!the!pregnant!Baviaa rian!lass!(my!wife,!Katrin.)!Everyone!I’d! shown!the!workainaprogress!to!agreed!I! must!edit!out!the!scene:!“Yeah,!we!know! you're!a!new!father!and!you!want!to! include!your!new!baby!in!the!film.”!They! found!it!cute,!but!were!all!telling!me! throw!out!the!scene.!When!I!told!Herzog! I!was!insecure!about!that!sequence!he! said,!“Ahh,!Kidlat,!you.are.best.at.your. detours!”!So!I!kept!the!scene.!Ever!since! then!I!became!brave!about!my!cultural! whims!and!duende.detours. ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012! ! ! ! ! 27 ! DIGRESSION%Since!I!was!a!kid,!I’ve!had! trouble!with!determining!“the!main! idea”.!I!always!go!for!details,! digressions,!tangents,!the!edges!of!the! frame.!When!it!comes!to!documentary,! the!moment!I!start!to!tell!the!tale,!I!can’t! bear!what!I’m!leaving!out.!I!think!I!have! a!particular!relationship!to!documentary! having!a!background!working!as!an! editor!for%Pennebaker.!Direct!cinema!is! highly!constructed!to!mask!its! construction!–!to!give!the!viewer!a!sense! of!being!there!and!of!real!time.!In!some! ways!my!work!responds!to!that! experience.!Of!course!as!an!editor,!I! would!see!all!of!the!footage!and!then! have!to!pare!it!down!to!this!fraction!of! the!whole.!I!was!always!so!interested!in! what!was!being!left!out. % ! do!que!fraqueza,!mas!reparei!que!sentia! dificuldade!em!andar!sem!o!apoio!do! bordão.!Trocámos!palavras!de!que!não! guardo!já!nenhuma!ideia.!Por!fim,!disse:! a!Não!tenho!lar!e!durmo!onde!calha.!Já! corri!toda!a!Saxónia.! Convinham!à!sua!velhice!tais!palavras.!O! meu!pai!falava!muito!da!Saxónia;!agora! as!pessoas!dizem!Inglaterra.! Eu!tinha!pão!e!peixe.!Durante!o!jantar! não!falámos.!Começou!a!chover.!No!chão! de!terra!instaleialhe!a!enxerga!com!umas! peles!onde!o!meu!irmão!tinha!morrido.! Ao!cair!da!noite!adormecemos.! Quando!chegou!o!dia,!saímos!de!casa.!A! chuva!terminara!e!a!terra!estava!coberta! de!neve!recente.!Caiualhe!o!bordão!e! ordenouame!que!o!apanhasse.! a!Por!que!heiade!obedecerate?!–!disse!eu.! a!Porque!sou!um!rei!–!foi!a!resposta.! Julgueiao!louco.!Apanhei!o!bordão!e! entregueialho.! Falou!com!uma!voz!muito!nítida.! a!Sou!rei!dos!Secgens.!Em!duras!batalhas! conduziaos!à!vitória,!muitas!vezes,!mas! quando!soou!a!hora!do!destino!perdi!o! meu!reino.!Chamoame!Isern!e!sou!da! estirpe!de!Odin.! a!Não!venero!Odin!–!respondi.!–!Venero! Cristo.! Como!se!não!me!tivesse!ouvido,! continuou: a!Ando!pelos!caminhos!do!desterro,!mas! sou!o!rei!porque!tenho!o!disco.!Queres! vêalo?! Abriu!a!palma!da!mão!que!eraaossuda.! Nada!tinha!dentro.!Estava!vazia.!E!só! então!reparei!que!a!conservara!sempre! fechada.! Olhouame!fixamente,!e!disse: a!Podes!tocaralhe.! Já!um!pouco!receoso,!na!palma!da!mão! pusalhe!a!ponta!dos!meus!dedos.!Senti! uma!coisa!fria!e!vi!um!brilho!qualquer.! Depois!a!mão!fechouase,!de!repente.!Eu! nada!disse!e!o!outro!continuou!cheio!de! paciência,!como!se!estivesse!a!falar!com! uma!criança.! a!É!de!ouro?!–!perguntei.! a!Não!sei.!É!o!disco!de!Odin!e!só!tem!um! lado.! Cobicei!aquele!disco,!então.!Se!fosse!meu! poderia!vendêalo!por!uma!barra!de!ouro! e!ser!rei.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes! “The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema. And.Photography,!2008! ! ! ! ! DISCO!Sou!lenhador.!O!nome!não! importa.!A!cabana!onde!nasci!e!em! breve!heiade!morrer!fica!na!orla!do! bosque.!O!bosque,!ao!que!dizem,! estendease!até!ao!mar!que!rodeia!a!terra! e!por!ele!fora!existem!casas!de!madeira! iguais!à!minha.!Não!sei;!nunca!as!vi.!Nem! mesmo!o!outro!lado!do!bosque.!Quando! éramos!pequenos,!o!meu!irmão!mais! velho!fezame!jurar!que!arrasaríamos! ambos!o!bosque!inteiro,!até!não!restar! uma!só!árvore.!O!meu!irmão!morreu!e! agora!procuro!e!continuo!a!procurar! uma!coisa!diferente.!Corre!para!Oeste! um!riacho!onde!sei!pescar!à!mão.!No! bosque!há!lobos!mas!não!me! atemorizam,!os!lobos,!e!o!meu!machado! nunca!me!foi!infiel.!Perdi!a!conta!aos! anos!que!tenho.!Sei!que!são!muitos.!Os! meus!olhos!já!não!vêem.!Na!aldeia,! aonde!agora!não!vou!porque!havia!de! perderame,!tenho!fama!de!avarento.!Mas! o!que!pode!ter!amealhado!um!lenhador? A!porta!da!minha!casa!fechoaa!com!uma! pedra!para!a!neve!não!entrar.!Uma!tarde! ouvi!passos!cautelosos!e!logo!a!seguir! uma!pancada.!Abri!e!entrou!um! desconhecido.!Era!um!homem!alto!e! velho,!envolto!numa!manta!puída.! Cruzavaalhe!a!cara!uma!cicatriz.!Os!anos! pareciam!teralhe!dado!mais!autoridade! ! 28 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Disseao!àquele!vagabundo,!que!ainda! hoje!odeio:! a!Na!cabana!tenho!escondida!uma!caixa! de!moedas.!São!de!ouro!e!brilham!tanto! como!este!machado.!Se!me!deres!o!disco,! douate!a!caixa.! Respondeu!teimosamente: a!Não!quero.! a!Então!podes!continuar!o!teu!caminho!–! disse!eu.! Voltouame!as!costas.!Uma!só!machadada! na!nuca!chegou!e!sobrou!para!ele!vacilar! e!cair,!mas!quando!o!fez!abriu!a!mão!e!vi! um!brilho!pelo!ar.!Com!o!machado! marquei!bem!aquele!sítio!e!arrastei!o! morto!até!um!ribeiro!que!corria,!muito! alto.!Uma!vez!lá,!atireiao!à!água.! De!volta!para!casa!procurei!o!disco!e!não! o!encontrei.!Há!anos!que!o!procuro. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jorge!Luis!Borges,.“O!disco”,!1975! ! ! DISTÂNCIA%JUSTA! Sandro!Aguilar:!A!distância!justa!tem!a! ver!com!um!lado!qualquer!de!não! intrusão!porque!há!um!pudor!estético,! ou!tem!a!ver!com!a!construção!de!um! lugar!de!conforto!para!ti!que!estás!a! fotografar?! André!Principe:!Nem!uma!coisa!nem! outra.!A!distância!justa!é!uma!coisa! totalmente!existencial,!não!tem!nada!de! estético,!quer!dizer,!a!resolução!é! estética,!mas!é!relacional,!e!é!o!que!eu! sei!das!coisas,!o!que!eu!conheço!das! coisas,!e!o!que!eu!sei!acerca!de!mim,!o! que!eu!estou!a!sentir,!e!o!que!as!coisas! sabem!de!mim,!e!todo!este!fluxo,!é!o! fluxo!entre!todas!as!coisas,!é!o!sítio!onde! tu!estás,!uma!espécie!de!ordem!cósmica.! Eu!posso!querer!muito!estar!perto!de! alguém!e!tirar!uma!fotografia!demasiado! perto,!porque!é!assim!que!eu!me!sinto,!e! estou!a!responder!não!à!pessoa,!mas!ao! meu!desejo!de!estar!perto. SA:!Demasiado!perto,!tecnicamente?!A! distância!certa!para!que!fique!bem!ou…? AP:!As!duas,!não!vejo!diferença,!não!há! diferença,!o!que!é!bem?,!focado?!É!igual.! De!que!estamos!a!falar?!Forma!e! conteúdo?!É!a!mesma!coisa.! SA:!Mas!pode!ser!a!distância!em!relação! ao!objecto!–!fotografia,!ou!a!ti,!e!apesar! de!tudo!pode!haver!uma!diferença!aí,! embora!tu!ontologicamente!possas! ! achar!que!é!a!mesma!coisa!quando!estás! a!produzir,!podem!ser!coisas!diferentes.! AP:!Isso!é!o!que!eu!quero!dizer!com! distância!justa!!A!distância!justa!é!a!que! carrega!a!tua!relação!com!tudo!à!tua! volta,!tudo!o!que!existe!para!dentro!da! imagem…!há!também!uma!dimensão! temporal,!não!é!só!espacial,!essa! distância!é!também!o!momento…!é!o! tempo!e!o!espaço!que!se!vão!exprimir.!A! distância!vai!mudando,!tu!vais! fotografando!mais!para!que!a!distância! seja,!não!vou!dizer!mais!próxima,!para! estar!mais!próximo!das!coisas,!porque! próxima!não!é!necessariamente!a! distância!justa![risos],!pode!até!ser!para! estar!mais!longe,!vais!continuando!a! fotografar!para!que!a!distância!mude,!e! no!fundo!a!velhice!é!isso!e!o! apaziguamento!com!a!morte!é!isso.!A! morte!é!uma!coisa!natural.!Quando!tu!te! revoltas!com!a!ideia!de!que!vais!morrer,! ou!não!queres!morrer,!a!que!distância! estás!das!coisas?!Talvez!não!a!distância! certa.! ! ! ! Uma!conversa!entre!André!Principe!e!Sandro! Aguilar,!2012!! ! ! DIVISION!Two!slim!palm!trees!draw!a! line!that!divides!the!frame!vertically.!In! the!back,!a!yellow!bulldozer!with!a!red! stripe,!working!on!a!desertalike! yellowish!soil. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DOCTOR%MOREAU’S%ISLAND,!also! known!as!Noble’s!Island,!in!the!region!of! 29 ! latitude!5°3’!south!and!longitude!101°! west,!is!a!small,!low,!volcanic!island! covered!with!thick!vegetation,!chiefly! palm!trees.!The!beaches!of!dull!grey! sand!slope!steeply!up!to!a!ridge!about! sixty!to!seventy!feet!above!sea!level.!On! the!other!side!of!the!ridge,!a!stream!runs! through!a!narrow!valley!towards!the! interior.!To!the!north,!the!traveller!will! find!a!small!hotaspring;!to!the!south,!a! charred!forest!and!a!yellowish!swamp! which!exudes!a!pungent!vapour.! Noble’s!Isle!was!visited!for!the!first!time! in!1867!by!Dr.!Moreau,!an!English! biologist!who,!with!his!assistant! Montgomery,!established!a!camp!here! for!scientific!research.!A!chronicle!of!Dr.! Moreau’s!investigations!and!of!the! history!of!the!island!was!set!down!by!a! Mr.!Edward!Prendick!and!published!by! his!nephew,!Charles.! Though!no!information!is!available! about!the!island’s!present!state!of! habitation,!it!is!known!to!have!provided! a!residence!to!both!a!tribe!of!Kanakas! Indians!(also!found!in!New!Caledonia)! and!a!group!of!creatures!known!as!the! AnimalaMen.!Somewhat!in!the!reversed! tradition!of!Circe!the!AnimalaMen!–!bulla men,!lionamen,!apeamen,!and!so!on!–! were!beasts!that!the!doctor!tried!to! transform!into!men!but!never!quite! succeeded.!Though!some!were!gifted! with!speech,!these!beasts!have!reverted! to!their!animal!condition;!visitors!are! advised!to!be!on!the!lookaout!for!them,! as!an!encounter!with!any!of!these! creatures!may!not!be!an!agreeable! experience.! Edward!Prendick!discovered,!after! having!made!their!acquaintance!on! Noble’s!Isle,!that!when!he!returned!to! England!he!found!that!many!of!his!own! countrymen,!though!apparently!normal,! reminded!him!of!the!AnimalaMen.! Prowling!women!would!mew!after!him,! pale!workers!with!tired!eyes!like! wounded!deer!would!cough!at!him,!old! people!would!make!him!think!of!apea men.!Particularly!nauseating!were!the! blank,!expressionless!faces!of!people!on! trains!and!buses.!It!is!not!unlikely,!in! fact,!that!some!of!the!AnimalaMen! ! ! ! 30 ! ! ! ! escaped!Noble’s!Isle!and!now!live! abroad.! Should!the!visitor!be!a!beast!himself!and! therefore!susceptible!to!transformation! (even!though!it!is!almost!certain!that! both!Dr.!Moreau!and!his!assistant!are!no! longer!alive),!he!will!find!it!useful!to! learn!the!island’s!law.!It!is!as!follows:! “Not!to!go!on!all!fours,!not!to!suck!up! drink;!not!to!eat!flesh!or!fish;!not!to!claw! the!bark!of!trees;!not!to!chase!other! men.”!However,!visitors!must!be!warned! that!the!transformation!is!said!to!be! terribly!painful.!Indeed,!the!building!in! which!these!operations!took!place!is! known!as!the!House!of!Pain. ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!H.G.! Wells,!The.Island.of.Doctor.Moreau,!London,! 1896! ! ! DOMANDE%Con!lui!abbiamo!parlato!di! tante!cose.!Dell’esercito,!dei!rapporti!tra! le!persone,!dell’amore!per!l’arte,!la! natura…!erano!tutte!domande…!Non! c’era!nessuna!riposta!pronta,!nelle! nostre!conversazioni.!Aleksandr! Nikolaevic!non!esprimeva!spesso!le!sue! opinioni,!piuttosto!ascoltava!le!mie.!E!le! domande!restavano.!Le!questioni!non! dobbiamo!porcele,!se!non!vogliamo! soffrire.!Alcune!domande!restano! insolute!a!tutt'oggi:!e!riguardano!i! rapporti!tra!le!persone!e!il!difficile! equilibrio!tra!il!potere!e!i!rapporti! umani.!Io!sono!un!comandante,!nel!film! ero!un!comandante!di!poco!conto,!ma! adesso!sono!salito!di!grado.!Ho!molti! sottoposti.!Come!conservare!la!propria! dignità,!come!restare!una!persona! normale!senza!sprofondare! nell'arroganza,!nell'atteggiamento! militaresco!e!così!via:!questa!è!una! domanda!che!non!ha!ancora!trovato!una! risposta.!Mi!piaceva!il!suo!rapporto!con! la!natura,!con!l'arte…!All'epoca!ci! riflettevo!poco.!Ma!poi!ho!cominciato!a! camminare!per!strada!con!gli!occhi! aperti,!anche!sul!lavoro!…!Prima! camminavo!e!basta:!testa!bassa!e!via;! arrivavo!fino!all'ufficio!o!fino!alla!nave! senza!vedere!nulla.!Poi!gli!occhi!mi!si! sono!aperti,!ho!cominciato!a!guardare.! Guardavo!i!tramonti,!la!natura,!è!stata! una!grande!scoperta.!E,!in!sostanza,!è! stato!lui!ad!aprirmi!gli!occhi.!Ho! cominciato!a!fantasticare,!a!sognare.! Nella!mia!cabina,!in!mare,! m’immaginavo!alte!foreste,!mi!figuravo! cose!molto!piacevoli!…!Prima!pensavo! solo!al!lavoro,!ero!una!persona!chiusa.! Forse,!anche!prima!pensavo,!ma!non!in! modo!così!chiaro,!consapevole.! % ! Sergej!Bakaj,!“Una!voce!solitariaaaltre!voci!“,! Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di.cinema,!2003! ! ! DURAÇÃO!O!trajecto!do!filme!oscila!de! forma!perfeitamente!equilibrada!e! natural!entre!a!observação!da!vida!local! e!as!discussões!internas!ao!grupo!sobre! essa!vida!e!sobre!a!evolução!do!contacto! com!ela.!E,!como!dissemos,!a! complexidade!e!a!riqueza!de!sentido!são! produtos!do!tempo,!os!horizontes!vãoase! alargando!(tanto!para!os!elementos!do! grupo!como!para!nós,!espectadores)!à! medida!que!o!tempo!escorre,!fazendo!da! própria!duração!do!filme!um!elemento! decisivo.![…]!Centremoanos!aqui!nesse! lado!temporal,!e!nessa!atenção!ao! próprio!desenrolar!das!coisas,!que!ele! sim,!mais!do!que!qualquer!efeito! fotográfico!ou!pitoresco!(que!afinal!não! existe),!faz!desta!película!um!dos!belos! momentos!deste!ciclo.!E!neste!ponto,! lembremos!aquilo!que!muitos!terão!já! notado!como!evidente!relação!com!a! história!do!cinema:!a!presença!do! Murnau!de!Tabu!e,!mais!ainda,!muito! mais!ainda,!a!do!Flaherty!com!quem!esse! outro!filme!fora!iniciado,!o!mesmo! Flaherty!que!em!1923!partira!também! para!os!mares!do!Sul!e!aí!tinha!realizado! a!sua!segunda!obra,!a!que!este!grupo!de! Thome!presta!directa!homenagem! através!do!nome!da!entidade!produtora! (Moana).!Se!bem!que!a!presença!deste! passado!não!exista!como!referência!a! decifrar,!e!se!bem!que!Thome!não! pareça!gostar!de!limitar!as!suas! associações!cinéfilas!a!esses!autores,!há! de!facto!aqui!uma!homenagem!nítida!e! uma!sombra!constante.!O!confronto!de! culturas!e!a!destruição!do!Costume! remeteanos!de!imediato!para!os!temas! dessas!obras,!e!para!o!próprio!confronto! MurnauaFlaherty!que!estalou!na! ! ! ! realização!de!Tabu.![…]!E,!de!facto,!o! resultado!obtido!por!Thome!parece! dirigirase!sobretudo!ao!olhar!flahertiano! que!restou!nesse!Tabu,!ou!seja,!parece! repetir!a!fuga!de!Murnau!(dos!estúdios! alemães!e!hollywoodianos),!saltando!por! cima!das!suas!próprias!raízes!e!logrando! o!entendimento!que!este!sonhou!mas! não!conseguiu,!com!um!dos!grandes! precursores!do!realismo! cinematográfico.![…]!Neste!filme!de! Thome,!como!em!Flaherty,!a!força!do! momento!não!deriva!tanto!de!um! qualquer!esforço!construtor,!ou!de!uma! montagem!significante.!Deriva,!isso!sim,! do!trabalho!de!acompanhamento!total!e! paciente!de!uma!acção,!reproduzindoa lhe!não!só!o!lado!de!acção,!mas! justamente!de!duração.!A!essência!é,! podemos!dizêalo,!o!próprio!tempo,!e!é! sobretudo!este!tempo!que!nos!fascina! nesta!lindíssima!Descrição.de.uma.ilha. ! ! José!Manuel!Costa,!Folha!da!Cinemateca!sobre! Descrição.de.uma.Ilha,!1981! ! ! DUWENDE,%MY%INNER!Noun:!“The! Force”!within!each!artist;!that!inner! creative!dynamo;cum;unique;worldview! which!spurs!the!painter,!writer,! musician,!filmmaker…!Our.Duwende! POV!is!shaped!by!1)!unique!personal! circumstances!(e.g.!parents,!school,! childhood!experiences,!first!love,!early! traumas,!mentors!etc.)!and!2)!by! cultural!milieu!where!one!grew!up!in,! e.g.!grew!up!in!a!tribal!village!or,!bred!in! a!countryaclub!society?;!raised!in!a! machoadominated…!or,!reared!in!an! amazonaled!commune…?!Such! combination!of!cultural!juices!affect!how! my.duwende!frames!the!world!–!the!way! I!make!films!or!how!I!interpret!films;! whether!I’m!a!bourgeois!conformer!or,!a! rebel!who!refuses!to!be!usurped!by!the! formula!establishment;!whether!I!am! xenophobe!or!homophobe.!We!have!to! cultivate!our!Indies!personal!duwende! to!make!films!creatively!relevant!in!this! world. ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! 31 ! ! ÉDEN!Calmo,!magnificamente!fecundo,! corria!ele,!o!nobre!rio!do!Paraíso,!por! entre!as!ilhas,!quase!afundadas!sob!o! peso!do!rijo!arvoredo.!todas!fragrantes,! e!atroadas!pelo!clamor!das!catatuas.!E! Adão,!trotando!pesadamente!pela! margem!baixa,!já!sente!a!atracção!das! águas!disciplinadas!que!andam!e!vivem! –!essa!atracção!que!será!tão!forte!nos! seus!filhos,!quando!no!rio!descobrirem!o! bom!servidor!que!dessaltera,!estruma,! rega,!mói!e!acarreta.!Mas!quantos! terrores!especiais!ainda!o!arrepiam,!o! atiram!com!espavoridos!pulos!para!o! abrigo!dos!salgueiros!e!dos!choupos!! Noutras!ilhas,!de!areia!fina!e!rosada,! preguiçam!pedregosos!crocodilos,! achatados!sobre!o!ventre,!que!arfam! molemente,!escancarando!as!fundas! goelas!na!tépida!preguiça!da!tarde,! embebendo!todo!o!ar!com!um!cheirinho! de!almíscar.!Por!entre!os!canaviais,! coleiam!e!refulgem!gordas!cobrasa d’água,!de!colo!alteado,!que!fitam!Adão! com!furor,!dardejando!e!silvando.!E!para! nosso!Pai,!que!nunca!as!avistara,! certamente!seriam!pavorosas!as! 32 ! tartarugas!imensas!desse!começo!do! Mundo,!pastando,!com!arrastada! mansidão,!através!dos!prados!novos.! Mas!uma!curiosidade!o!atrai,!quase! resvala!na!riba!lodosa,!onde!a!franja!de! água!roça!e!marulha.!Na!largueza!do!rio! espraiado,!uma!longa!e!negra!fila!de! auroques,!serenamente,!com!os!cornos! altos!e!a!espessa!barba!a!flutuar,!nada! para!a!outra!margem,!campina!coberta! de!louras!messes!onde!talvez!já! amaduram!as!espigas!sociáveis!do! centeio!e!do!milho.!Nosso!Pai!venerável! olha!a!fila!lenta,!olha!o!rio!lustroso,! concebe!o!enevoado!desejo!de!também! atravessar!para!aqueles!longes!em!que! as!ervas!rebrilham,!e!arrisca!a!mão!na! corrente!–!na!rija!corrente!que!lha! repuxa,!como!para!o!atrair!e!iniciar.!Ele! grunhe,!arranca!a!mão!–!e!segue,!com! ásperas!patadas,!esmagando,!sem! mesmo!lhes!sentir!o!perfume,!os!frescos! morangos!silvestres!que!ensanguentam! a!relva…!Em!breve!pára,!considerando! um!bando!de!aves!alcandoradas!numa! penedia!toda!riscada!de!guanos,!que! espreitam,!com!o!bico!atento,!para! baixo,!onde!as!águas!apertadas!refera vem.!Que!espreitam!elas,!as!brancas! garças?!Lindos!peixes!em!cardume,!que! rompem!contra!a!levada,!e!pulam,! lampejando!nas!espumas!claras.!E! bruscamente,!num!desabrido!abanar!de! asas!brancas,!uma!garça,!depois!outra,! fende!o!céu!alto,!levando,!atravessado! no!bico,!um!peixe!que!se!estorce,!reluz.! Nosso!Pai!venerável!coça!a!ilharga.!A!sua! crassa!gula,!entre!aquela!abundância!do! rio,!também!apetece!uma!presa:!e!atira!a! garra,!colhe,!no!seu!voo!soante,!cascudos! insectos!que!farisca!e!trinca.!Mas!nada! certamente!assombrou!o!primeiro! homem!como!um!grosso!tronco!de! árvore!meio!apodrecido,!que!boiava,! descia!na!corrente,!levando!sentados! numa!ponta,!com!segurança!e!graça,! dois!bichos!sedosos,!louros,!de!focinho! esperto,!e!fofas!caudas!vaidosas.!Para!os! seguir,!os!observar,!ansiosamente! correu,!enorme!e!desengonçado.!E!os! seus!olhos!faiscavam,!como!se!já! compreendesse!a!malícia!daqueles!dois! bichos,!embarcados!num!toro!de!árvore,! e!viajando,!sob!a!macia!frescura!da! tarde,!no!rio!do!Paraíso. EMBODIED%KNOWLEDGE!Think! Eça!de!Queiroz,!Adão.e.Eva.no.Paraíso,! 1897 our!ambitions!with!A.Spell:!to!produce!a! cinema!of!embodiment!and! transformation,!one!that!affects!viewers! in!a!present!specific!to!the!time/space! that!unfolds!between!projector!and! screen.!I’ve!had!enough!visceral! experiences!of/through!both! experimental!and!more!commercially! oriented!media!to!propose!that!such!a! thing!is!indeed!totally!possible.!But! neither!of!us!wants!to!create!such!a!state! if!it!means!leaving!a!cultural!or!political! framework!behind. The!kind!of!radical!pleasure!that! transcendence!provides!is!really!only! meaningful!if!it!happens!in!relation!to! concept,!in!relation!to!a!body!that!is!not! our!own.!It!is!vital!to!lose!oneself,!but!it! is!equally!important!to!find!oneself! again,!to!be!able!to!rediscover!our!Self!in! relation!to!another!Self—be!it!social,! natural,!etc.!The!last!third!of!A.Spell.is!a! fairly!strident!declaration!of!this.!We! don’t!want!to!merely!overwhelm!our! subjects.!We!want!to!return!them!to! themselves.!And!then!we!want!to!do!it! about!the!visual!landscape!you!live!in,! the!sounds!of!the!city!that!become!your! soundtrack!as!you!walk!to!school,!the! smells!of!a!crowded!house!party!or!a! holiday!family!gathering,!the!textures!of! your!clothes!and!skin!during!the! Montreal!winter,!the!learned! movements!of!repeated!action,!like! riding!a!bike!or!knitting!a!scarf. Our!interactions!with!the!world!through! our!senses!are!internalized!into!what! anthropologists!call!embodied! knowledge.!They!situate!us!within!the! environments,!communities,!and! cultures!we!live!in.!The!need!to!address! this!kind!of!knowledge!in!the!academic! discourse!of!anthropology!–!a!field! grounded!in!the!study!of!culture!and! human!experience!–!has!been!taken!up! in!recent!years!by!a!burgeoning!project! in!socioacultural!and!media! anthropology!called!sensory! ethnography. ! ! ! Megan!Galeucia!&!Ariel!Appel,!The.intelligence.of. the.senses,!2011! % % EMBODIMENT!This!is!certainly!one!of! ! ! ! % % ELSEWHERE!A!bridge!crosses!the! image.!It!seems!like!the!rock!in!the! background!is!laying!on!top!of!it.!Above! the!horizon,!a!mountain.!Below,!a!dark! blue!river.!It's!a!cloudy!day. ! ! ! ! % ! ! ! 33 ! again!and!again.!It’s!no!mistake!that!we! took!to!referring!to!this!section!not!only! as!BLACK!METAL!but!also!as! PHENOMENOLOGY.!In!the!COMMUNE! and!SOLITUDE!sections,!we!aimed!to! arrive!at!immersion!as!well,!albeit! through!two!different!sets!of!formal! strategies!that!we!saw!as!mirrors!to!the! physical!and!ideological!spaces!that!we! were!dealing!with. ! ! Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,! Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! ! ! ENCHANTMENT%“We!always!desire! something!we!can’t!reach,!but!when!we! do!reach!it,!it’s!too!late,”!says!one! villager,!echoing!the!film’s!wistfully! existentialist!tone.!An!unspoken! apocalypse,!in!the!form!of!a!forest!fire,! looms!allegorically!over!the! proceedings,!yet!no!recourse!to!nihilism! or!panic!ensues.!Rather,!the!town’s! habitants!assume!their!habitual! endeavours!birthing!calves,!felling!trees,! foraging!legumes,!attending!mass,! singing!local!folk!songs,!and!drinking!in! the!local!bar.!How!director!Eloy!Enciso! Cachafeiro!arranges!these!proceedings,! how!given!scenes!register!as!distinct! tonal!realities,!provides!a!conceptual! framework!for!partaking!in!Arraianos’s! terse!but!expensive!account!(narrative! may!be!too!strong!a!word;!Arraianos!is! more!of!an!immersion).!Staged!tableaux! with!village!“nonaactors”!(think!Straub,! Serra,!Costa)!alternate!with!realism! scenes!that!unfold!in!a!documentary! vein;!the!musicality!of!Galician!Language! contrasts!with!a!nearly!vigilant!silence;! the!daily!life!of!a!vanishing!pastoral! community!is!foregrounded!by!a! carefully!framed!rendering!of!alla enveloping!nature.!The!destabilizing! schema!may!be!familiar!to!viewers,!and! welcome!to!proponents!of!an! increasingly!hybrid!genre!of!cinema!in! which!ambiguity!is!the!source!of! enchantment!rather!than!frustration,!in! which!the!concomitant!uses!of!fiction! and!documentary!transcend!a!merely! dyadic!relationship.!In!this!sense! Arraianos!manifests!an!aesthetic! wherein!people,!as!characters!or! subjects,!and!nature,!as!mythical! 34 ! ! ! ! construct!or!real,!assume!no!precedence! over!each!other. % ! Jay!Kuehner,!“Arraianos”,!Cinemascope!53,!2012! ! ! EMPTINESS,%SENSE%OF%Kublai!Khan! does!not!necessarily!believe!everything! Marco!Polo!says!when!he!describes!the! cities!visited!on!his!expeditions,!but!the! emperor!of!the!Tartars!does!continue! listening!to!the!young!Venetian!with! greater!attention!and!curiosity!than!he! shows!any!other!messenger!or!explorer! of!his.!In!the!lives!of!emperors!there!is!a! moment!which!follows!pride!in!the! boundless!extension!of!the!territories! we!have!conquered,!and!the!melancholy! and!relief!of!knowing!we!shall!soon!give! up!any!thought!of!knowing!and! understanding!them.!There!is!a!sense!of! emptiness!that!comes!over!us!at! evening,!with!the!odour!of!the!elephants! after!the!rain!and!the!sandalwood!ashes! growing!cold!in!the!braziers. % ! Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972! ! ! ENCISO,%ELOY!Nacido!en!Meira! (Galicia).!Después!de!graduarse!en! Ciencias!Ambientales,!Eloy!Enciso! estudió!documental!en!la!Escuela!de! Cine!de!San!Antonio!de!los!Baños,!Cuba.! Sus!películas!tienen!en!común!el!retrato! de!la!realidad!a!través!de! procedimientos!de!ficción,!donde! confluyen!una!cuidada!imagen!y!sonido! con!un!retrato!cercano!de! los!personajes.!Después!de!Pic;nic! (2007),!Arraianos!es!su!segundo! largometraje!como!director.! Actualmente!vive!y!trabaja!entre!Galicia! y!Portugal. ! ! ! ENNASIN%or!Alliance!Island,!a! triangular!island,!of!approximately!the! same!shape!and!location!as!Sicily.!The! people!resemble!redapainted!Picts,! except!that!their!noses!are!all!shaped! like!the!ace!of!clubs.! All!the!inhabitants!are!related!to!one! another!by!both!kinship!and!marriage,!a! fact!of!which!they!are!extremely!proud.! Degrees!of!kinship!are!so!complex!and! the!people!so!intermarried!that!it!is! impossible!to!find!anyone!who!is!not! ! mother,!father,!sonainalaw,!aunt,!cousin! or!nephew!to!someone!else.!Visitors!to! the!island!will!be!surprised,!for!instance,! to!hear!an!old!man!call!a!little!girl!of! three!or!four!“father,”!while!she!calls! him!“daughter.”!Couples!use!a!wide! variety!of!curious!endearments!when! addressing!one!another:!“octopus,”! “porpoise”!and!“hatchet”!are!typical! examples.! Marriages!between!the!most!unlikely! partners!appear!to!be!the!main!pastime! and!amusement!of!the!Ennasians,!but! visitors!are!seldom!invited!to!join!in.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Francois! Rabelais,!Le.quart.livre.des.faicts.et.diets.du.bon. Pantagruel,!Paris,!1552! ! ! ENTRE% Ludovic!Lamant:%L'une!des!clés!de! lecture!du!film,!c'est!la!tension!entre!le! monde!réel,!le!concret,!les!gestes!du! quotidien,!et!ce!à!quoi!l'on!aspire,!nos! rêves!et!nos!utopies.!! Eloy!Enciso:!Oui,!la!vie!est!une!lutte! permanente!entre!nos!rêves,!nos!envies! d'échappatoire,!et!un!monde!du!fait,!de! l'événement,!du!travail.!Le!film!montre! la!confrontation!entre!ces!deux!forces.! Comme!la!vie:!une!sorte!de!puzzle,!dont! il!revient!à!chacun!de!trouver!son!sens.! LL:!Mais!en!tant!que!cinéaste,!de!quel! côté!vous!situezavous:!artisan!ou! rêveur?!! EE:!Entre!les!deux.!Je!ne!choisis!pas.!La! vie!force!à!faire!cohabiter!les!deux! ensemble.!D'un!point!de!vue!personnel,! je!suis!du!côté!du!rêveur.!Mais!le!plus! intéressant,!pour!un!cinéaste,!est! d'observer!le!conflit!entre!les!deux. % ! Eloy!Enciso!interviewé!par!Ludovic!Lamant,!“A! Locarno,!ambiance!de!fin!du!monde!depuis!les! campagnes!de!Galice”,!2012! ! ! EPÍGRAFE%“Estamos!tão!perto!do!céu! por!mar!como!por!terra!” ! ! Sir!Humphrey!Gilbert,!últimas!palavras!antes!de! morrer!no!afundamento!da!fragata!Squirrel,!ao! largo!dos!Açores,!a!9!de!Setembro!de!1583,! quando!regressava!a!casa! ! ! EPIGRAM!England's!only!an!island,! and!all!islands!are!alike. ! ! ERVA%O!que!é!o!cinema!não!é!coisa!que! se!pergunte,!porque!a!pergunta!não!tem! fim.!Ninguém!descobriu!ainda!a!fórmula! mágica,!ninguém!deixou!tese! comprovada.!De!tempos!a!tempos,!há! até!casos!em!que!o!cinema!parece!brotar! do!inexplicável,!ou!do!que,!por!ser!tão! simples,!parece!prescindir!de!explicação.! Ver!o!cinema!como!uma!erva!daninha! que!nasce!sem!pedir.!Ver!o!cinema!como! o!testemunho!da!fragilidade!do!que!é! viver!e!do!que!é!filmar.!Joaquim!Pinto,! 56!anos,!realizou!um!filme!assim.!Fêalo! com!a!ajuda!do!seu!companheiro,!Nuno! Leonel.!Chamoualhe!E.Agora?.Lembra; me. % ! Francisco!Ferreira,!“Um!grão!de!tempo!e!serei! pó”,!Expresso,!2013! ! ! ESPÍRITO%SANTO,%FESTAS%DO% (AÇORES)%O!Espírito!Santo!seria! aquela!coisa!misteriosa!que!existe!no! mundo,!a!que!o!físico!chama!“onda”!ou! “partícula”!e!a!que!o!nãoafísico!chama!“o! divino”,!“o!poético”,!“o!espiritual!–!todas! as!frases!que!se!usa!–,!seria!aquele!bafo! criador!do!Espírito!Santo.!Espírito!quer! dizer!“bafo”!e!santo!quer!dizer! “reconhecido”,!nada!mais.!Um!bafo. reconhecido,!sim!há,!há!o!bafo,!há!a! criação,!e!se!se!dissesse:!quando!um! homem!faz!um!poema,!põe!lá!todo!o! palavreado!que!é!conhecido,!mas!há! uma!certa!maneira!de!pôr!as!coisas!em! que!nunca!ninguém!tinha!pensado,!e!dali! é!o!seu!Espírito!criador,!então,!no! fenómeno!da!explosão!da!tal!estrela,! houve!tudo!o!que!já!era!conhecido!e,!de! repente,!o!poeta!que!é!o!universo!põe!lá! mais!uma!coisinha!para!dar!uma!certa! graça!que!surpreendeu!toda!a!gente!–! agora!entra!na!experiência!!Quando!ele! vai!repetir!a!sua!poesia,!provavelmente! já!não!põe!aquilo,!põe!outra!coisa!para! espantar!o!observador!e!dar!razão!ao!tal! homem,!ao!tal!nosso!Eisenberg,!do! princípio!da!incerteza!das!coisas.!Quer! dizer,!o!mundo!está!caminhando!para! aquilo!de!se!terem!todas!as!certezas! casadas!com!todas!as!dúvidas.!Vamos!a! ver!que!descendência!é!que!sai!daí.! [risos] % ! Mutiny.on.the.Bounty,!dir.!Frank!Lloyd,!1935! ! ! ! 35 ! Agostinho!da!Silva,!Agostinho.da.Silva.–.ele. próprio,.conversa.com.António.Escudeiro,!2006! ! ESSAY%FILM!Forty!years!ago!I!may! have!been!the!first!to!launch!the!concept! of!the!essay!film.!I!was!still!intellectually! juvenile!and!quite!“apolitical”!and!the! notion!was!hazy!in!my!mind.!I!set!the! essay!film!against!“documentary”!in!the! classical!sense,!that!supposedly! objective!rendering!of!reality,!my!bad! objects!were!Flaherty,!Grierson!and!the! GPO.!An!essay!film!was!about!getting! across!ideas.!And!it!was!also!about! inventing!complex!forms,!structured! ambiguities,!about!getting!away!from!a! certain!linearity,!common!I!felt!to! standard!documentary!and!“Hollywood”! alike.!It’s!worth!noting!that!most!of!the! models!I!chose!were!much!further!to!the! left!than!I!was!:!Franju’s!Hotel!des! Invalides,!Rosi’s!Salvatore!Giuliano,! Godard’s!middle!period,!Dziga!Vertov! and!also!certain!experiments!in!French! public!television…!Essential!to!the! notion!was!the!admixture!of!materials! and!stylistic!approaches,!fictional! footage!mingling,!perhaps!“invisibly”,! with!cinemaavérité,!library!shots,!hidden! cameraawork,!etc.!Such!discontinuities! were!meant!to!create,!somehow!or! other,!the!famous!“distanciation”! theorized!and!practiced!by!Brecht.!At! least!that!is!what!I!began!claiming!after!I! was!radicalized!in!’68.!However,!mainly! I!see!it!today!as!a!modernist!stance:! involvement!in!a!film!(or!a!play!or!a! novel)!was!in!itself!a!bad!object,!a! “Hollywoodian”!relationship!between! screen!and!spectator.!I!was!rationalizing! what!was!in!fact!a!pure!aesthetic! preference!based!on!the!leftist!idea!that! the!“transparency”!of!mass!cultural! artefacts!“alienated”!the!mass! audience…![…] And!so!The.Forgotten.Space,!which!has! been!an!attempt!to!carry!on!with!that! unfinished!business,!was!made!against! the!grain.!When!it!occurred!to!Allan!and! I!to!make!a!film!drawn!from!“Dismal! science”!the!main!essay!in!his!Fish.Story,! of!which!I!had!become!enamored!while! translating!it!into!French,!we!both!had!in! mind!something!along!those!lines,! mingling!little!fictions,!and!even! ! 36 ! ! ! ! surrealistic!“collages”,!with!cinemaa vérité!reportages,!library!shots,!etc.!This! proved!a!difficult!agenda!for!all!sorts!of! practical!reasons!and!because!of!various! artistic!and!ideological!frictions!within!a! complex!coaproduction!structure. I!think!what!principally!remains!here!of! the!basic!concept!of!the!essay!film!is!a! rather!rambling!structure,!very!largely! discontinuous!and!often!digressive.!It!is! certainly!a!film!which!should!keep! spectators!on!their!toes!but!is,!hopefully,! nowhere!opaque.!Subjectamatter!such!as! this,!the!evils!of!productivist,! “globalized”!capitalism,!even!if!looked!at! solely!in!terms!of!maritime!shipping!and! adjacent!activities,!is!so!vast!that!it!can! only!be!sampled…!in!such!a!way,!we! hope,!as!to!suggest!the!extent!of!the! horror…!and!the!logic!of!the!problematic! mutations!under!way…!It!is!a!film!which! has!to!be!continued!by!other!means… ! ! ! Noël!Burch,!“Notes!on!The.Forgotten.Space”,! 2010! ! % ETUDE%L'entreprise!des!descripteurs,! dans!sa!démesure!et!son!arrogance,! relève!d'une!tradition!encyclopédiste! caractéristique!du!XVIIIème!siècle,!de! cette!sorte!de!confiance!aveugle!en! l'efficacité!explicative!des!“sciences! naturelles”!à!inventorier!l'univers! (confiance!aveugle!qu'entretiennent! aujourd'hui!les!“sciences!humaines”);! description!d'ailleurs!est!un!concept! scientifique!(il!suppose!l'objectivité,! l'impartialité)!indispensable!à!la!raison! naturaliste!et!souvent!employé!par! opposition!à!la!démarche!littéraire!ou! poétique!(“la!description,!disait!Max! Jacob,!c'est!le!contraire!même!de!la! poésie”);!le!plus!grand!de!tous!les! naturalistes,!Alexandre!von!Humboldt,! intitulé!d'ailleurs!son!oeuvreamaîtresse:! Cosmos,.Essai.de.Description.physique.du. Monde.! Le!trésor!de!cette!île,!pour!nos!héros! néoastevensoniens,!réside!donc!dans! l'ignorance!où!on!la!tient,! dans!le!capital! de!savoir!qu'ils!vont!pouvoir!accumuler! sur!elle!six!mois!durant.! Le!film![Description.d’une.île]!procède!à! la!manière!du!lecteur!des!romans!de! Jules!Verne!:!il!saute!sur!les! ! interminables!pages!de!descriptions! naturalistes!(relisez!L’ile.mystérieuse!ou! Deux.Années.de.Vacances)!et!ne! conserve,!bien!heureusement,!que!les! instants!de!forte!intensité!relationnelle.! ! Ignacio!Ramonet,!“L’art!de!la!fuite”,!Libération,! 1980! ! ! EXACTIDÃO!O!Pico!tem!outro!pico!no! meio,!tão!grande!como!qualquer!dos! outros!picos!grandes!que!há!na!Terra,!e! em!outras!terras,!e!tem!tão!grande! altura!o!cume!dele!e!é!tão!vizinho!aos! ventos,!que!por!ele!os!adivinham!mui! facilmente!os!mareantes!e!moradores! daquelas!ilhas!ao!redor,!porque,!quando! está!todo!coberto!de!névoa,!é!certo!sinal! de!virem!tempos!mareiros,!como!é!sul,! leste,!sudoeste,!e,!quando!está!todo! descoberto,!adivinha!vento!oeste,!oesa noroeste,!até!norte,!e!quando!tem!uma! barra!branca!de!névoa!pelo!meio!e!o! mais,!assi!pera!riba!como!pera!baixo,! está!descoberto!adivinha!tempos!lestes! e!nordestes,!e!quando!se!vê!todo!limpo!e! logo!depois!se!cobre!no!cimo!de!todo!de! névoa!e!faz!um!capelo!dela,!cursando! então!qualquer!vento,!adivinha!que!se! háade!mudar!a!tempo!mareiro,!como!é! sul,!sueste!e!sudoeste.!Assi!que!ele!serve! aos!vizinhos!de!agulha!de!marear!ou!de! grimpa!certa!e!variável,!que!se!põem!no! cume!dos!telhados,!que!com!os!tempos! lhes!mostra!os!ventos!que!hãoade!vir!e! cursar!adiante,!porque!é!tão!alto,!que!na! mesma!altura!parece!aos!que!estão!nas! outras!ilhas!ao!lível!do!mar!no!mais! baixo!da!terra,!como!aos!que!estão!no! mais!alto!monte!da!serra,!e,!ainda! vendoao!do!mais!alto,!mais!alto!parece. ! ! Gaspar!Frutuoso,!Saudades.da.Terra,!séc!XVI! ! ! EXAMPLE%Qui!dira!ce!que!l'U.R.S.S.!a! été!pour!nous?!Plus!qu'une!patrie! d'élection!:!un!exemple,!un!guide.!Ce!que! nous!rêvions,!ce!que!nous!osions!à!peine! espérer!mais!à!quoi!tendaient!nos! volontés,!nos!forces,!avait!lieu!làabas.!Il! était!donc!une!terre!où!l'utopie!était!en! passe!de!devenir!réalité.!D'immenses! accomplissements!déjà!nous! emplissaient!le!cœur!d'exigence.!Le!plus! difficile!était!fait!déjà,!semblaitail,!et! nous!nous!aventurions!joyeusement! ! ! ! dans!cette!sorte!d'engagement!pris!avec! elle!au!nom!de!tous!les!peuples! souffrants.! Jusqu'à!quel!point,!dans!une!faillite,!nous! sentirions!de!même!engagés?!Mais!la! seule!idée!d'une!faillite!est!inadmissible. % ! ! André!Gide,!Retour.de.l'URSS.,!1936! ! ! (EX)CHANGES!The!film!As.Cidades.e. as.Trocas!departs!from!Lisbon!in!the! interior!of!a!cargo!ship;!to!sail!along!the! atlantic!route!–!retracing!ancient! empires!routes!–!with!the!purpose!of! recording!transformations!in!the! physical!and!human!landscape!that!this! movement!of!exchanges!is!producing,! and!to!produce!a!reflection!around!these! exchanges!and!their!effects!on!the!cities;! but!our!gaze!will!be!a!silent!one.! Focusing!on!the!small!changes!in! relation!to!people!and!their!surrounding! environment!–!with!the!objects!of!their! daily!lives!–!that!reveal!the!establishing! of!a!new!life!model,!a!new!logic,!a!new! economy. ! ! Luisa!Homem,!Pedro!Pinho,!Directors’!Notes,! 2010! ! ! EXOTISMO%A!geração!dos!meus!pais!e! as!gerações!que!a!precedem!viveram! acreditando!que!conheciam!o!outro,!que! conheciam!o!seu!vizinho!e!o!mundo!em! que!viviam. Esta!experiência!de!conhecimento!do! outro,!ou!pelo!menos!da!ilusão!de! conhecer!o!outro,!de!saber!o!que!se! passa!nas!casas!ao!lado!das!nossas,! acabou. Já!nada!é!verdadeiramente!exótico,! sobre!todas!as!coisas!já,!pelo!menos,! lemos!alguma!coisa,!ou!vimos!imagens.! Estamos!familiarizados!com!as!lutas!de! galos!no!Peru,!as!dificuldades!de!vida! dos!Palestinianos,!os!cânticos! tradicionais!Mongóis,!os!meandros!da! espionagem!norteaamericana,!a! cerimónia!do!chá!no!Japão,!ou!a!extinção! dos!xamãs!na!Sibéria.!O!exotismo! acabou.!Mas!a!familiaridade!também.! Não!estou!certo!de!quem!conheço! melhor:!o!aborígena!Australaino!ou!os! passageiros!do!metro!de!Lisboa.! ! ! ! ! André!Príncipe,!2013! ! 37 ! EXPECTATIVA!Para!não!iludir!a! expectativa!daqueles!que!não!procuram! num!relato!de!viagens!mais!do!que! acontecimentos!extraordinários!e! agradáveis!retratos!de!costumes! estranhos!e!de!hábitos!desconhecidos,! devo!prevenialos!que!encontrarão!nesta! pouca!coisa!com!que!satisfazerem!esses! gostos.!Não!me!foi!dado!tomar!a! liberdade!de!poder!levar!o!leitor!a! passearase!sobre!todos!os!ojectos,!sem! distinção,!capazes!de!premiar!a!sua! curiosidade. ! ! CharlesaMarie,!Voyage.sur.l’Amazone,!1749! ! ! EXPERIENCE%Berlin.10/90!poses!the! question:!will!the!work,!grounded!in!the! experience!of!reality!and!in!the! communication!of!that!experience,!be! receivable!by!viewers!as!reality?!Kramer! has!not!experienced!the!damage!of!the! Nazi!Final!Solution!in!Europe.!But!that! experience!is!alive!in!the!presentaday! society!that!surrounds!him.!He!is!both! outside!the!experience!of!the!Final! Solution!and!at!the!same!time!its!victim.! Furthermore,!the!idea!of!living!with!the! authority!of!German!culture!is!also!a! legitimation!of!the!ideology!of!the! aggressors.!This!is!why!this!film!begins! with!a!reference!to!Ezra!Pound,!the! American!poet!who!crossed!the!ocean!in! order!to!join!the!Nazis:!Kramer!starts! with!the!case!of!an!American!Jew! coming!face!to!face!with!Nazism. […]!The!film!deals!with!the!destruction! of!East!Germany!and!other!issues!which! are!related!to!Kramer,!but!which!he!did! not!experience!directly.!The!history!and! reality!of!others!also!appears.!At!the! same!time!someone!with!a!different! history!and!reality!who!is!close!to! Kramer,!someone!who!has!a!physical! body,!also!makes!an!appearance:!Erika. Human!beings!cannot!make!the! experience!of!others!their!own.!We!are! unable!to!feel!the!warmth!of!sunlight!on! our!cheek!in!front!of!the!television! screen,!as!Kramer!does!in!Berlin.10/90. ! ! ! ! Hironobu!Baba,!Robert.Kramer.and.the.Jewish; German.Question,!2006! ! ! ! FAITH,%LAND%OF,!or!Bragman,!an! island!in!the!Indian!Ocean.!The!people! here!live!strictly!by!the!Ten! Commandments.!When!Alexander!the! Great!set!out!to!conquer!this!island,!the! people!of!Bragman!wrote!to!him! describing!the!simplicity!of!their!lives! and!Alexander!decided!not!to!trouble! them.!There!are!no!entertainments!on! Bragman!and!a!visit!is!hardly! worthwhile.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir!John! Mandeville,!Voyage.de.Sir.John.Maundevile,!Paris,! l357! ! ! FAMÍLIA!Em!resposta!a!um!artigo! lamentável!no!Público!de!hoje,!anotei! (adaptado):!Já!que!estamos!em!préa campanha!para!as!autárquicas!e!o!país! começa!a!ser!inundado!por!cartazes!de! candidatos!que!se!propõem!defender!o! interesse!das!“pessoas”!e!das!“famílias”,! lembro!que!em!Atenas!e!na!república! romana!o!matrimónio!heterossexual! legal!era!fundamentalmente!a! transferência!do!poder!sobre!a!mulher,! que!anteriormente!estava!sob!o!controle! 38 ! ! ! ! do!pai!(ou!outro!familiar!próximo)!para! o!esposo!(ou!seu!pai,!se!o!mesmo!não! fosse!o!chefe!da!casa).!E!lembro!que!a! palavra!família,!de!famulus!(servo),! designava!essa!unidade!sujeita!ao! homem!adulto,!paterfamilias,!e!que! incluía!a!sua!esposa,!crianças,!criados!e! escravos,!estando!todos!eles! sexualmente!à!sua!disposição.!No!final! do!império!outra!forma!de!casamento! surgiu,!sine.manu!(sem!autoridade),!sem! que!a!esposa!se!tornasse!propriedade!do! marido,!contribuindo!para!a!união!entre! pessoas!quase!iguais,!que!esteve!na!base! de!vários!sistemas!éticos!antigos!entre! os!quais!as!primeiras!uniões!cristãs.!Os! termos!“irmão”!e!“irmã”!substituíram! “esposo”!e!“esposa”.!E!que!existem! inúmeras!fontes!históricas!atestando! estas!uniões!entre!pessoas!do!mesmo! sexo,!em!vários!casos!abençoadas!pelas! igrejas!cristãs!até!ao!séc.!XII. ! ! Joaquim!Pinto,!2013! ! ! FANTASMI!Per!Antonioni!il!momento! dell’osservazione!della!realtà!–!e! soprattutto!dei!luoghi!–!ha!in!sé! 39 ! ontologicamente!un!processo!implicito! di!rammemorazione:!ogni!immagine!ha! nel!proprio!essere!una!memoria! stratificata,!occulta,!latente,!una!storicità! tragica!che!proprio!il!cinema!viene! chiamato!a!cercare!di!redimere!e! sciogliere.! Ritornare!sull’isola!di!Lisca!Bianca,!fare! un!film!sul!ritorno!ad!un!film!di! sparizione,!affrontare!il!mito!de! L’avventura,!cercare!di!vincere!la! propria!memoria!intrisa!di!oblio,!sono! gesti!che!Antonioni!compie!con!una! coscienza!storica!e!poetica!ben!radicate! nel!mondo!più!avvertito!dell’arte!e!del! cinema!suoi!contemporanei.!Ed!è! proprio!per!questo!che!ci!sembra!utile,! ai!fini!di!una!lettura!trasversale!di! Ritorno.a.Lisca.Bianca,!affiancargli!due! opere!sorelle!come!Son.nom.de.Venise. dans.Calcutta.désert!(1976)!di! Marguerite!Duras!e!One.Way.Boogie. Woogie/27.Years.Later!(2005)!di!James! Benning.!In!questi!tre!film!i!registi! tornano!sul!luogo!del!tournage! riutilizzando!il!sonoro!del!filmamatrice:! in!Ritorno.a.Lisca.Bianca!Antonioni!fa! risuonare!sull’isola!ormai!deserta!le!voci! dei!personaggi!de!L’avventura!alla! disperata!ricerca!della!scomparsa!Anna;! in!Son.nom.de.Venise.dans.Calcutta. désert!Duras!riprende!le!rovine!del! Palais!Rotschild!a!Boulogne!usando!la! stessa!colonna!sonora!di!India.Song!che! vi!aveva!girato!due!anni!prima;!in!One. Way.Boogie.Woogie/27.Years.Later! Benning!ci!mostra!prima!un!suo!film!del! 1977!girato!a!Milwaukee!e!poi,! attraverso!i!medesimi!cadrages,!gli! stessi!luoghi!del!primo!film!ma!27!anni! dopo,!applicando!sul!secondo!il!suono! del!primo.! Questi!tre!film!doppi!innescano!nello! spettatore!un!processo!di! rammemorazione!dagli!esiti!radicali:!i! luoghi!riafilmati!si!popolano!di!presenze! invisibili!e!fantasmi,!svelando!una! stratigrafia!della!memoria!e!del!film! stesso,!palinsesto!per!una!ricerca!del! tempo!e!del!luogo!perduti,!cartografia! dell’immaginario!e!della!catastrofe! ormai!già!avvenuta.! […]!Per!Antonioni,!Duras!e!Benning!la! rammemorazione!è!un!freno! ! ! ! 40 ! ! ! ! d’emergenza,!una!forza!d’urto,!un!salto! dialettico,!un!gesto!di!arresto!o!di! inversione!della!direzione!di!cui!si!ha! assoluto!bisogno!quando!la!storia!(del! cinema)!rischia!di!finire!nel!vicolo!cieco! del!mito.!Il!pensiero!per!immagini!di! questi!tre!artisti!si!muove!sempre!in!due! direzioni,!tra!due!forze,!particolari!e! opposte,!solo!apparentemente! contraddittorie:!la!pratica!filmica!che! vediamo!dispiegarsi!in!queste!tre!opere! straordinarie!è!frutto!di!una!“ritmica! intermittente”!nella!quale!il!passato!e!i! suoi!fenomeni!“vengono!scomposti!e! insieme!salvati”,”svalutati!e!insieme! promossi”.Per!Antonioni,!Duras!e! Benning!la!meditazione!sulla!creazione!e! la!costruzione!comporta!sempre!una! riflessione!sulla!rovina!e!la!distruzione:! se!il!passato!deve!portare!in!una! situazione!critica!il!presente,!deve!a!sua! volta!essere!fatto!deflagrare.!Il!cinema!è! una!memoria!incarnata!nell’immagine,! un!paesaggio!di!rovine!e!di!strati! molteplici!non!riconducibili!ad!un! significato!ultimo!e!definitivo:!non!c’è! mai!una!riduzione!della!sfera!del! sensibile!in!quella!dell’intelligibile!e! quindi!la!forma!estetica!è!pensabile! unicamente!come!“un!contenuto! sedimentato”. ! ! Federico!Rossin,!Rammemorare.l’immagine..Di. alcuni.motivi.in.Antonioni,.Duras,.Benning,!2013! ! ! FATALISM! The!Priest:!Those!who!have!gone!away! help!those!who!are!left!behind.!And!I,! well,!I!act!as!the!middleaman.! Karin:!Then!try!to!help!us,!Father.!I!can't! take!a!life!like!this.!Antonio!is!still!a! boy.!Yes,!I!love!him,!but!he!doesn't! understand!how!a!woman!like!me! feels.! The!Priest:!I!think!he!does.!I!know!how! hard!he!tried!to!get!work.!The!fishing! season!has!started.!And!the!boats! have!full!crews!already.!You!see,! there!are!only!four!boats!from! Stromboli.!The!rest!come!from!other! islands.!Yet,!Antonio!has!managed!to! find!a!place.!He!sacrificed!his!pride.! He!owned!a!boat!of!his!own,!once,! you!know.!He!has!done!it!all!for!you.!I! know!it,!because!I!talked!with!him.! ! ! ! Karin:!Yes,!I!suppose!he's!doing!his!best,! but…!can't!he!realize!that!I!can't!live! here,!and!that!he!should!take!me! away?! The!Priest:!You!need!money!to!emigrate! –!and!a!place!to!go.! Karin:!Those!who!are!born!here,!all!they! wanted!was!to!leave.!You!can!imagine! how!I!feel!here,!Father,!a!stranger.! These!black!rocks,!this!desolation,! that…!that!'terror.'!This!island!drives! me!mad,!Father.!Won't!you!help!us,! please?! The!Priest:!You!are!both!young.!Make! Antonio!save!his!money!instead!of! spending!it.!Help!him.!And!perhaps! you!will!be!able!to!leave!too,! someday.!But!while!you!are!to!stay! here,!make!a!good!home!for!yourself! and!for!him.!It!will!make!it!easier!for! both!of!you!to!wait.!If!you!do!this,! merciful!God!will!help!you.! Karin:!With!me,!God!has!never!been! merciful! ! ! ! ! ! ! Stromboli,!Roberto!Rossellini,!1950! ! ! FC%Unabomber!serviuase!das!iniciais! FC,!desde!o!ínicio!da!sua!actividade! terrorista,!como!um!sinal!discreto!com! vista!a!establecer!uma!filiação!entre!ele! e!diversas!figures!da!marginalidade!e!da! solidão!(Fair!Play!de!Metesky,!Free!City! dos!The!Diggers),!embora!isso!só! recentemente!tenha!sido!percebido.! Foram!propostas!várias!outras! interpretações!das!iniciais!FC,!das!mais! grosseira!(Fuck!Computers),!às!mais! malucas!(Free!Condoms),!passando! pelas!mais!apocalípticas!(Fear!Chaos).! Também!se!afirmou!que!FC!significava! Fear!of!Change,!Fear!Computers!ou! Future!Chaos,!insistindo!este!ultimo! nome!na!revolução!futura!a!que!o! terrorista!apela.!Unabomber!afirma!que! FC!significa!simplesmente!Freedom! Club. ! ! Jean!Marie!Apostolidès,!“O!manifesto! Unabomber”!(Prefácio),!1996!! ! ! FELICITE,!île!de!la!mer!Egée,! gouvernée!par!la!reine!Félicité,!appelée! aussi!Théone.!Son!accès!est!rendu! difficile!par!un!nombre!important! d’obstacles!naturels:!précipices,! ! ! ! torrents,!rapides,!lions,!tigres!et! panthères!sauvages,!serpents!cachés!au! cœur!des!roses.!Le!voyageur!qui!réussit! néanmoins!à!pénétrer!dans!le!royaume! de!Théone!est!plongé!dans!un!présent! éternel,!où!rien!ne!vieillit!jamais.! Maladies,!soucis!et!craintes!n’existent! pas.!L’air!est!parfumé!par!la!rosée!de! l’ambre!gris;!les!orangers!tempèrent!la! chaleur!du!soleil!;!les!fleurs!miroitent! dans!les!rivières!et!les!fruits!sont! toujours!mûrs.!L’île!est!habitée!par!des! nymphes.!d’une!éternelle!jeunesse.!La! plus!vieille!n’a!pas!quinze!ans.!Le!palais! de!Théone,!fermé!aux!visiteurs,!est!en!or! massif.!Une!inscription,!à!l’entrée,! conseille!aux!amants!infidèles!de! s’éloigner.!Pendant!trois!cents!ans,!la! reine!a!été!heureuse!avec!l’homme! qu’elle!aimait.!Il!l’a!quittée,!et!il!faudra! deux!mille!ans!à!Théone!pour!se! consoler!de!cet!abandon.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Fanny,! comtesse!de!Beauharnais,!L’Isle.de.la.Félicité.ou. Anaxis.et.Théone.;.poème.philosophique.en.trois. chants..Précédé.d’une.épître.aux.femmes,.et.suivi. de.quelques.poésies.fugitives,!Paris!1801! ! ! FICTION%The!fictional!in!Study.of.an. Island.is!not!easily!categorized.!The! framework!is!fiction!interwoven!with! facts,!or!vice!versa.!The!group!who!come! to!the!island!to!make!a!study!for!a!book! is!fictional.!The!book!is!fictional,!their! professional!background!is!slightly! fictional.!But!from!there!on,!working! methods,!mistakes,!dreams,!conflicts,! relationships!with!individual!islanders,! physical!suffering!are!real,!and!these! realities!are!compressed,!composed,! structured!within!the!fictional!storyline! story!of!the!group!project!and!their! book.!Real!events!led!the!fictional!by!the! hand;!fiction!admired!real!events.! This!led!to!a!lasting!passion!for!the! meetings!of!fiction!and!real!life!in! films,!the!profound!moments!of!human! vulnerability,!the!clash,!the! overlapping,!the!subtle!elements!of!one! in!the!other.!I!later!recognized!these! elements!in!the!films!I!loved!the!most,! even!if!I!had!not!identified!them!as! determining!factors!when!I!first!saw!the! films.!The!films!I!make!now,!or!wish!to! ! 41 ! make,!move!within!these!spaces!and! attempt!to!radicalize!the!crossovers. Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes! “The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema. And.Photography,!2008! ! ! Cynthia!Beatt,!2013! ! ! ! ! FILM%PRODUCTION%CONTEXT!Film! FILIPINO!Until!the!70s!we!hadn’t! developed!a!local!film!culture!in!the! Philippines.!In!terms!of!intellectual! influence!(I!have!never!been!an!avid! reader),!I!was!definitely!strongly! westernized!by!Hollywood!visuals.!But!a! significant!seed!planted!was!Werner! Herzog's!last!word!of!advice!when!I!left! Munich:!“Ahh!Kidlat,!you!can!never!be!a. good.Bavarian.director.”!At!first!it! sounded!negative.!But!over!the!years!I! realized!it!was!a!profound!cultural! mirror!he!was!holding!up!to!this! budding!Filipino!director:!If!I!tried!to!be! a!German!New!Wave!regisseur!(or!a! Hollywood!director),!my!films!would! always!be!second!class!compared!to! being!an!auteur!filmmaker!from!your! own!culture.!So!Herzog!was!an! influence.!He!was!telling!me!to!let!my! own!cultural!POV!be!the!storyteller.!Not! the!Profit;Oriented.Voyeur,.POV.!Herzog,! the!rebel!mentor,!helped!me!set!aside! my!Wharton!MBA!principles.!Your! Filipino!duende!should!frame!your!film. ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012! ! ! FILM%Tourner,!en!un!long!travelling! d'ouest!en!est,!(les!rails!sont!déjà!posés)! ces!cartouches!Supera8!soviétiques!qui! stationnent!dans!mon!frigo!et!voir!les! couleurs!qui!leur!restent.!Périmées,!elles! le!sont,!sinon!elles!ne!seraient!pas! soviétiques. ! ! Nicolas!Rey!(sans!source)! ! ! FILM%AND%DIGITAL%With!film,!since!I! have!to!be!more!economical!about! shooting,!my.relationship!to!the!referent! feels!almost!sacred.!Film!shoots!are! more!memorable!–!not!in!a!sentimental! way,!but!I!literally!remember!them! better!–!where!I!was!standing,!the! weather!conditions,!what!else!was! happening!around!me,!etc..!But! somehow!in!video,!probably!because!I! shoot!so!much!more,!I!don’t!have!that! same!relationship!to!the!thing!itself,!to! the!event. ! production!in!the!Philippines!is!prolific! and!sophisticated.!The!national!industry! produces!between!150!and!200! entertainment!films!a!year,!depending! heavily!on!romance!and!action,! capitalizing!on!scandalous!current! events,!and!often!richly!sentimental.!The! Filipino!film!industry!has!spawned! whole!genres!and!subgenres!of!its!own.! It!has!been!under!one!or!another!form!of! censorship!for!many!years,!first!under! Marcos!and!then!under!Aquino.!Even! more!powerful!than!government! censorship!is!the!profit!motive.!The! industry!is!concerned!with!profits,!not! prestige.!As!one!of!the!leading!Filipino! filmmakers,!Lino!Brocka,!said!to!Pat! Aufderheide!at!the!Toronto!Festival!of! Festivals!in!1987,!“When!my!producer! tells!me!about!a!new!film,!she!always! says,!'Now!Lino,!no!awards,!please.'“! (Lino!Brocka!died!in!a!car!accident!in! 1991.) ! ! Patricia!Aufderheide,!CrossaCultural!Film!Guide,! 1992! ! ! FIN!El!propio!trabajo,!sobre!todo!la! propia!realidad,!fue!la!que!se!encargó!de! demostrar!que!esta!idea!de!fin!de! estirpe,!o!fin!del!mundo!o!fin!de!algo,!es! una!idea!que!es!recurrente!en!la! humanidad.!Siempre!ha!habido!esta! tentación!apocalíptica,!que!en!el!fondo! no!deja!de!ser!una!forma!de!pensar!un! poco!egocéntrica.!Es!una!cosa!que!ha! pasado!siempre,!y!esta!falta!de!creer!que! la!vida!es!mucho!más!fuerte!a!veces!que! la!voluntad!o!lo!que!uno!piense!también! fue!un!aprendizaje.!Y!eso!me!lo! demostró!justamente!estar!allí!con!gente! y!ver!esos!pequeños!gestos,! aparentemente!sin!importancia!y!que! están!muy!poco!mostrados!en!la! película:!de!cuidado!mutuo,!de!las!cosas,! de!la!relación!con!la!naturaleza,!con!los! animales…!Eso!es!una!demostración!de! que!mientras!haya!esos!pequeños!gestos! de!amor!y!esa!especie!de!cuidarse!los! unos!a!los!otros!y!de!lo!que!tiene! alrededor,!obviamente!la!vida!va!a! continuar…! ! ! Eloy!Enciso!entrevistado!por!Netele!Martinez,! “Eloy!Enciso!y!José!Manuel!Sande:!Las!fronteras! entendidas!como!fin!de!algo!no!son!más! que!convenciones”,!2012! % ! FLAHERTY,%ROBERT!Often!called!the! first!documentary!filmmaker,!Robert! Flaherty!(1884a1951)!was!the!creator!of! such!classic!landmark!films!as!Nanook.of. the.North!(1922),.Moana!(1926),!Man.of. Aran.(1934),!and!Louisiana.Story! (1948).!The!son!of!a!mining!engineer,! Flaherty!first!became!a!filmmaker!in! attempts!to!document!his!travels!as!an! explorer!and!prospector!in!the!then! uncharted!Canadian!Arctic.!He!lived!and! worked!closely!with!the!Inuit,!who! served!as!his!guides,!companions,! technical!crew,!navigators,!dog!sled! drivers,!and!collaborators!on!many! expeditions!to!the!Arctic.!He!made!over! 1500!photographs!of!the!Inuit!from! 1908a1924,!now!housed!in!the!National! Photography!Collection!in!the!Public! Archives!of!Canada!and!the!Robert!and! Frances!Flaherty!Study!Center,! Claremont!College,!in!California.!Perhaps! one!of!the!earliest!known!independent! filmmakers!who!worked!outside!the! commercial!studio!system,!Flaherty! made!films!that!were!funded!by!a! diverse!group!of!backers,!including! Revillon!Freres,!Paramount!Pictures,!the! Department!of!Agriculture,!and!the! Standard!Oil!Company.!Some! anthropologists!and!historians!argue! that!Flaherty!was!one!of!the!first! collaborative!visual!ethnographers.! Nanook.of.the.North!was!shot!with!the! assistance!of!the!Inuit,!who!provided! suggestions!for!scenes,!developed!the! film,!viewed!the!rushes,!and!agreed!to! reenactments!and!stagings!to!tell!their! own!story.!Other!scholars!contend!that! Flaherty,!a!product!of!the!early!20th! century’s!racialized!fantasies,! reproduced!the!Romantic!notion!of!the! “noble!savage,”!a!primitive!man! unsullied!by!industrialization!and! unconstrained!by!modern!society!whose! individualism!and!masculinity!are! unfettered.!One!of!Flaherty’s!lasting! legacies!in!the!world!of!international! cinema!is!the!Robert!Flaherty!Film! Seminar,!begun!by!Flaherty’s!widow,! Frances,!after!his!death!to!pass!on!the! tradition!of!a!committed,!passionate! independent!filmmaking!to!future! generations!in!a!dynamic!environment! fostering!discussion!and!debate.!Frances! sought!to!continue!the!Flaherty!legacy! by!creating!a!forum!that!would!evoke! the!fiery!discussions!Robert!enjoyed! entering!into!about!film,!philosophy,! travel,!the!Inuit,!life.!The!Seminar!is!one! of!the!most!important!and!longarunning! international!forums!for!media!artists,! critics,!scholars,!curators,!librarians,!and! students!to!screen!and!discuss!films!past! and!present. ! ! ! FLORES%Como!todas!as!outras!ilhas!do! arquipélago,!Flores!é!de!formação! vulcânica,!mas!em!contraste!com!São! Miguel!e!Faial,!por!exemplo,!que! possuem!praias!claras!e!bosques! verdejantes,!aquela!é!uma!placa!de!lava! negra!no!meio!do!oceano.!Bem!cresce!a! flor!sobre!o!vulcão,!como!diria!Bécquer;! os!dois!ingleses!atravessaram!uma! paisagem!incrível:!uma!laje!de!ardósia! florida!que!de!súbito!se!escancarava!em! abismos!medonhos,!em!precipícios,!em! falésias!a!pique!sobre!o!mar.!A!meio!da! viagem!pararam!para!passar!a!noite! numa!aldeola!de!pescadores.!Era!uma! aldeia!minúscula!anichada!sobre!uma! falésia,!e!os!viajantes!não!lhe!revelam!o! nome;!não!por!distracção,!creio,!uma!vez! que!a!sua!narração!é!sempre!minuciosa! e!exaustiva,!mas!talvez!por!ela!não!o!ter.! É!muito!provável!que!se!chamasse! apenas!Aldeia,!pois,!sendo!o!único!lugar! habitado!num!raio!de!muitos! quilómetros,!bastavaalhe!como!nome! próprio!um!nome!por!antonomásia.!De! longe!pareceualhes!pitoresca!e! geometricamente!ordenada,!como!são! quase!sempre!as!pequenas!povoações!de! pescadores.!As!habitações,!porém,! aparentavam!ter!uma!forma!estranha.! Quando!entraram!no!povoado,! perceberam!porquê.!Quase!todas!as! casas!tinham!por!fachada!a!proa!de!um! navio;!eram!casas!de!planta!triangular,! algumas!de!madeiras!preciosas,!cuja! % 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 43 ! única!parede!de!pedra!era!a!que!unia!os! dois!lados!do!triângulo.!Algumas!eram! de!grande!beleza,!contam!os!atónitos! ingleses,!e!o!seu!interior!pouco!tinha!de! casa,!porque!os!utensílios!domésticos!a lanternas,!bancos,!mesas!e!até!camas!–! tinham!sido!quase!todos!resgatados!ao! mar.!Muitas!possuíam!vigias!a!servir!de! janelas,!e,!como!davam!para!o!precipício! e!para!o!mar!lá!em!baixo,!criavam!a! ilusão!de!nos!encontrarmos!num!navio! ancorado!no!cimo!de!uma!montanha.! Aquelas!casas!eram!construídas!com! restos!dos!naufrágios!com!que!os!recifes! das!Flores!e!do!Corvo!presentearam,!ao! longo!de!séculos,!os!navios!que!por!ali! passavam.!Os!ingleses!encontraram! hospitalidade!numa!casa!em!cuja! fachada!se!destacavam,!a!branco,!as! palavras!The!Plymouth!Baltimore,!o!que! talvez!os!tenha!ajudado!a!sentiremase! quase!em!casa.!De!facto,!passaram!uma! noite!reparadora!e!no!dia!seguinte! retomaram!a!viagem!na!sua!vela. ! ! Antonio!Tabucchi,!Mulher.de.Porto.Pim,.Outros. Fragmentos,!1983! ! ! FORA%DE%CAMPO! ! Sandro!Aguilar:!Por!exemplo,!naquele! díptico!em!que!os!veados!olham!para!a! esquerda,!existe!a!sensação!de!que!eles! estão!a!relacionarase!com!alguma!coisa! que!está!fora!de!campo,!e!isso!ajuda!a! criar!essa!ideia!duma!narrativa!que!está! a!acontecer,!paralela,!longe!do!alcance! do!nosso!olhar.!Por!exemplo,!eu!tenho! muito!a!tentação!de!olhar!para!estas! fotografias!e!imaginar!o!som!que!está!a! ser!produzido!em!cada!uma!delas,!é! muito!sugestivo.!O!caso!mais!evidente!se! calhar,!é!esse!do!tiro!para!o!carro,!tenho! muito!a!tentação!de!prencher!esse! intervalo!invisível!com!qualquer!coisa! em!off,!mas!que!está!a!ser!ouvida,!e!se! calhar!é!um!artifício!que!eu!estou!a!usar! que!é!do!cinema,!para!o!photobook.! André!Príncipe:![risos]!Claro,!é!isso!que! tu!fazes!na!montagem,!e!nos!teus!filmes,! aqui!não!há.!O!que!há!é!o!virar!da! página. SA:!Mas!é!esse!olhar!para!fora!de!campo,! que!há!no!livro,!que!me!ajuda!a!imaginar! o!fora!de!campo,!e!não!lhe!podendo!dar! uma!imagem,!dou!um!som. ! ! ! 44 ! ! ! ! AP:!Essa!ideia!do!fora!de!campo,!que!eu! ouvi!pela!primeira!vez!no!conservatório,! é!para!mim,!uma!ideia!absolutamente! fundamental,!o!fora!de!campo!é!tudo!! Quando!eu!falava!da!fronteira!do!que! podes!filmar!ou!não,!é!uma!luta!perdida! à!partida,!eu!quero!filmar!o!mundo!todo,! desde!o!ínicio!do!tempos!até!sempre,!e! quero!estar!em!todos!os!sítios,!quero! estar!dentro!das!casas!na!Índia,!para! saber!tudo,!para!perceber,!e!não!poder! fazer!isso!pode!ser!desesperante,!mas! graças!à!ideia!de!fora!de!campo,!podes! então!negociar!isso!outra!vez,!tudo!o!que! não!conseguistes!filmar!é!o!fora!de! campo,!e!o!fora!de!campo!são!os!teus! espectadores,!os!teus!leitores!que!hãoa de!completar!com!as!imagens!que!eles! viram,!das!suas!experiências,!da!sua! infância.!Se!tu!conseguires…!pode!soar! meio!místico,!mas!se!houver!uma! organização!honesta!dos!materiais,!pode! ser!que!toques!em!zonas!que!são!da! história!pessoal!do!leitor,!do!seu! passado!ou!futuro,!das!suas!projecções,! e!de!alguma!maneira!essas!imagens! estão!a!ser!produzidas!pelo!leitor.!Esta!é! a!aposta!sempre. ! Uma!conversa!entre!André!Príncipe!e!Sandro! Aguilar,!2012!! ! ! FOREIGN!Arriving!at!each!new!ciy,!the! traveler!finds!again!a!past!of!his!that!he! did!not!know!he!had:!the!foreignness!of! what!you!no!longer!are!or!no!longer! possess!lies!in!wait!for!you!in!foreign,! unpossessed!places. ! ! Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972! ! % FOREIGNNESS!Stephanie!Spray:!I!have! been!working!and!living!in!Nepal!on!and! off!since!1999.!I!started!making!films! there!in!2006.!In!2010,!I!had!been! shooting!in!a!small!village!outside! Pokhara,!mostly!with!a!woman!named! Bindu!and!her!family!–!she!appears!in! the!second!shot!of!Manakamana,! holding!a!basket!of!flowers.!I!was!feeling! stymied!because!life!in!the!village!had! become!predictable,!and!so!I!started! looking!for!ways!to!shake!up!what!I!was! shooting.!I!had!heard!about!a!cable!car! that!took!passengers!to!the!popular! Hindu!temple!of!Manakamana,!the!wisha fulfilling!goddess,!and!thought!a!cable! car!would!be!a!novel!location!for!a!film.!I! offered!to!take!Bindu!and!her!son!Kamal! on!the!cable!car,!and!shot!the!ride!on! video.!This!experience!made!me!feel!that! the!surreality!of!riding!in!the!cable!car,! high!above!the!jungle,!and!the!mix!of! emotions!the!trip!inspires,!was!worthy! of!a!film!in!itself![…]. Pacho!Velez:!For!me,!the!choice!to!work! in!Nepal!was!largely!incidental.!I!like! traveling!and!experiencing!different! cultures,!and!I!think!that!‘foreignness’! can!be!a!useful!element!in!films!when!it! functions!as!an!alienation!effect!to!let! audiences!see!something!familiar!with! fresh!eyes,!but!I!am!more!animated!by! themes!like!performance,!mobility,!and! technology!than!by!a!deep!investment!in! any!one!particular!culture.!I!think!that! Stephanie!feels!quite!differently,!and!the! difference!has!been!productive!for!our! collaboration. ! ! ! Stephanie!Spray!and!Pacho!Velez,!interviewed! by!Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,! 2013! ! ! FORGETFULNESS%Memory’s%images,! once!they!are!fixed!in!words,!are!erased. % ! Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972! ! ! FORMULA%S%+%V%=%P!Noun:!Sex!+! and!he!offered!me!ten!dollars!to!release! him.!Now,!to!speak!the!truth,!I!had!but! ten!cents!in!the!world,!and!it!surpassed! my!arithmetic!to!tell,!if!I!was!that!man! who!had!ten!cents,!or!who!had!a!farm,!or! ten!dollars,!or!all!together.!However,!I! let!him!keep!the!ten!dollars!and!the!farm! too,!for!I!had!carried!it!far!enough;!or! rather,!to!be!generous,!I!sold!him!the! farm!for!just!what!I!gave!for!it,!and,!as!he! was!not!a!rich!man,!made!him!a!present! of!ten!dollars,!and!still!had!my!ten!cents,! and!seeds,!and!materials!for!a! wheelbarrow!left.!I!found!thus!that!I!had! been!a!rich!man!without!any!damage!to! my!poverty.!But!I!retained!the! landscape,!and!I!have!since!annually! carried!off!what!it!yielded!without!a! wheelbarrow. ! ! Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854! ! ! FRAME!Three!young!men,!in!closeaup,! with!a!window!behind!them;!we!can!see! green!vegetation!in!the!background,! through!the!window:!a!frame!inside!the! frame.!They!all!have!long,!black!hair!and! wear!black!tashirts.!They!seem!to!be! posing!for!a!picture!the!middle!man!is! taking!(his!arm!stretched,!the!hand! outside!the!frame),!because!the!one!on! the!right!is!making!a!familiar!gesture. ! ! Violence!=!Profits!perfected!by! Hollywood.!The!surefire!boxaoffice!film! formula!exported!to!developing!film! industries!the!world!over.!Move!over! village!storyteller…!Enter!the!S!+!V!=!P! megaman… % ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! FORTUNE!My!imagination!carried!me! so!far!that!I!even!had!the!refusal!of! several!farms!–!the!refusal!was!all!I! wanted!–!but!I!never!got!my!fingers! burned!by!actual!possession.!The! nearest!that!I!came!to!actual!possession! was!when!I!bought!the!Hollowell!place,! and!had!begun!to!sort!my!seeds,!and! collected!materials!with!which!to!make! a!wheelbarrow!to!carry!it!on!or!off!with;! but!before!the!owner!gave!me!a!deed!of! it,!his!wife!–!every!man!has!such!a!wife!–! changed!her!mind!and!wished!to!keep!it,! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! FUTURO%(OUTRA%IDEIA%DE)%Deixaa ramano!sozinho!e!foram!carregar!o! barco!e,!depois!de!arrancar!aos!puxões!a! 45 ! roupa!de!viagem!e!vestir!um!calção!de! banho!e!umas!sandálias,!pôsase!a!andar! pela!ilha.!Ainda!não!se!via!ninguém,!o!sol! ganhava!impulso!lentamente,!e!crescia! do!matagal!um!cheiro!sutil,!um!pouco! ácido,!misturado!com!o!iodo!do!vento.! Deviam!ser!dez!horas!quando!chegou!ao! penhasco!do!norte!e!reconheceu!a!maior! das!enseadas.!Preferia!ficar!sozinho,! embora!tivesse!gostado!mais!de!tomar! banho!na!praia!de!areia;!a!ilha!o!invadia! e!gozava!isso!com!tal!intimidade!que!não! era!capaz!de!pensar!ou!de!escolher.!A! pele!lhe!ardia!de!sol!e!de!vento!quando! se!despiu!atrás!de!uma!pedra!para! mergulhar!no!mar;!a!água!estava!fria!e! lhe!fez!bem,!deixouase!conduzir!pelas! correntes!insidiosas!até!a!entrada!de! uma!gruta,!voltou!para!o!mar!aberto,! abandonouase!de!costas,!aceitou!tudo! num!só!ato!de!conciliação!que!era! também!um!nome!para!o!futuro. % ! Julio!Cortázar,!“A!ilha!ao!meioadia”,!1966! ! ! ! GAS!Making!a!film!is!like!taking!a!long! trip.!The!film!voyager!can!load!up!with!a! full!tank!and!bring!a!credit!card!along!to! insure!completion!of!the!voyage!in!as! short!a!time!as!possible.!The!voyager! can!also!load!up!with!a!few!cups!of! gasoline!and!drive!until!he!runs!out!and! scrounge!around!for!subsequent!cups!of! gas!to!get!to!his!destination,!without! worrying!about!how!long!it!takes!to! complete!the!voyage.!Completing!the! artwork!is!the!voyage!all!artists!set!out! to!do,!whether!painter,!writer!or! filmmaker.!The!length!of!the!trip,! TIMEWISE,!is!a!matter!of!choice! depending!on!the!combination!of! ingredients!–!inspiration,!resources,! tools!and!working!materials!available,! personal!circumstances!like!family!or! emotional!disturbances,!etc.!Assuming! the!filmmaker!has!the!optimal!mix!of! these!ingredients!to!complete!a!filmic! work!of!art,!he!can!still!choose!the! timeframe:!Either!to!follow!the!dictum:! “Time!is!money”,!and!battle!with!the! clock!to!finish!his!artwork:!in!the! shortest!period,!or!to!allow!time!to!be! 46 ! ! ! ! his!ally!and!open!up!to!cosmic! inspirations!provided!by!a!relatively! free!timeframe!.!The!efficient!path!(i.e.! timesaving)!is!the!usual!mode!of! commercial!productions,!whether!one!is! doing!a!Hollywood!Cecil!B.!de!Mille!film! or!a!Third!World!boxaoffice!hit.!This!is! dictated!by!the!laws!of!the!investment! world,!where!films!are!mainly!a! consumer!product!to!be!served!like! McDonald’s!hamburgers.!The! McDonaldization!of!films!is!a!reality!I! accept!and!do!not!want!to!waste!energy,! fighting!it]!The!inefficient!road!(i!.e!.! timeaindulging),!full!of!detours!and! explorable!nooks,!is!a!choice!which!can! be!a!luxury!of!artistic!filmmakers!in!the! richer!countries!(i!.e!.!the!First!World)! and!can!be!a!matter!of!necessity!in!the! case!of!Third!World!filmmakers.! ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!“CupsaofaGas!Filmmaking!vs!.! Full!TankacumaCredit!Card!Fillmaking”,!The! Challenge!of!Third!World!Culture,!1986! ! ! GEOMETRES,!l’une!des!nombreuses! îles!montagneuses!bordant!la!Terre!de! Feu.!Sèche!et!stérile,!avec!de!vastes!cités! 47 ! silencieuses!au!dessin!parfaitement! régulier.!Les!habitants!passent!leur! temps!à!dessiner!des!plans!sur!le!sable.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Pierre! François!Guyot,!abbé!Desfontaines,!Le.Nouveau. Gulliver.ou.Voyage.de.Jean.Gulliver,.fils.du. capitaine.Gulliver..Traduit.d’un.manuscrit.anglais. par.M..l’abbé.de.D..F.,!Paris,!1730! ! ! GESTO%Com!Man.of.Aran,!Flaherty! provou!definitivamente!que!o!que!lhe! interessava!não!era!a!narrativa,!ou!seja,! o!impulso,!de!algum!modo!exógeno!em! relação!à!prática!inicial!do!cinema,!que! provocara!muitas!das!transformações! preponderantes!nas!primeiras!décadas! dele.!O!que!interessava!Flaherty!era!o! gesto!–!não!o!gesto!como!desenho! espacial,!como!em!quase!todos!os!outros! grandes!cineastas!do!mudo,!mas!o!gesto! no!tempo,!ou!seja,!o!seu!acontecer.!E!se! isso!era!já!evidente!nas!sua!obras!da! década!de!vinte,!a!confirmação!disso! aqui,!neste!filme!realizado!em!tempo!de! sonoro!e!num!contexto!facultado!pela! comunidade!documentarista!(em!grande! parte!discípula!confessa!dele),!torna!esta! obra!ainda!mais!notável,!porquanto! coerente,!genuína!e!resistente.!Ao!longo! dos!seus!76!minutos,!Man.of.Aran!é! basicamente!construído!a!partir!de! quatro!longas!sequências!(em!que!a! última!é!uma!espécie!de! desenvolvimento!da!primeira),!cada! uma!delas!essencialmente!centrada!num! gesto!arrancado!à!vivência!local,!e!se! necessário!à!memória!local.!A!entrada!do! barco!em!terra!e!a!salvação!da!rede,!a! construção!dos!solos!cultiváveis,!o! arpoamento!do!“tubarão!gigante”!(de! que!a!pesca!à!linha!de!Mikeleen!na! falésia!não!é!senão!a!antecâmara),!a! manobra!do!“curragh”:!entre!as!várias! heresias!desta!obra,!uma!tal!redução!e! uma!tal!extensão!temporal!dos!gestos! será!portanto!a!maior,!confirmando!não! só!um!carácter!de!contraacorrente,!mas! já!quase!um!anacronismo.!Para!pôr!Man. of.Aran!em!contexto!(tal!como,!depois,! para!perceber!a!verdadeira!grandeza!de! Louisiana.Story),!é!preciso!pensar!no! cinema!moderno,!de!que!aqui!temos! uma!espécie!de!duplo!antecedente,!em! parte!por!aquilo!em!que!foi!coincidente! 48 ! ! ! ! com!a!primeira!década!do! documentarismo,!em!parte!por!aquilo! em!que!estava!muito!aquém!ou!além! disso.!O!gesto,!ou!seja,!o!duplo!gesto!da! câmara!e!daquele!que!é!filmado,!o! trabalho!infinito!(outra!vez,!dois!anos!de! experiência!local)!desse!único! parâmetro!–!não!a!montagem!(apesar!da! conjugação!tensa!com!o!trabalho!do! montador,!o!primeiro!na!sua!carreira),! não!o!som!(apesar!da!solução! encontrada!depois,!e!ela!própria! inovadora,!do!processo!de!gravação! quase!espontânea!em!face!das!imagens).! O!lugar!exacto!da!câmara,!o!momento! exacto!e!a!distância!exacta!(ficando!este! último!parâmetro!muito!associado!à! escolha,!agora!enfatizada,!das!objectivas! de!longa!distância!focal):!são!estes!os! elementos!do!trabalho!de!Man.of.Aran,! que!tanta!gente!descurou,!ou!enalteceu! condescendentemente,!em!face!das! polémicas!sobre!o!sentido!social! romantizado!(mas!porque!não!dizer! directamente!mitificado?)!da!obra.!É!por! isso!que!ninguém!escreveu!melhor! sobre!este!filme!do!que!o!assistente!local! de!Robert!Flaherty,!Pat!Mullen,!para! quem!estes!mesmos!gestos!foram!muito! mais!do!que!a!matéria!de!um!filme,!e!é! por!isso!que!nenhumas!páginas!o! denunciam!melhor!do!que!as!que!Mullen! consagrou!à!filmagem!da!cena!final! (neste!caderno!parcialmente! transcritas),!na!qual!vem!ao!de!cima!a! ideia!do!final!de!Nanook,!ou!seja,!a!maior! carga!épica!no!gesto!aparentemente! mais!simples,!ou!mais!essencial!(Nanook! a!dormir!na!tempestade,!Patcheen!e!os! seus!companheiros!a!dominarem!o! “curragh”).! % ! José!Manuel!Costa,!2013! ! ! GLOBALIZATION!Our!film!is!about! globalization!and!the!sea,!the!“forgotten! space”!of!our!modernity. First!and!foremost,!globalization!is!the! penetration!of!the!multinational! corporate!economy!into!every!nook!and! cranny!of!human!life.!It!is!the!latest! incarnation!of!an!imperative!that!has! long!been!accepted!as!vital!necessity,! even!before!economics!could!claim!the! status!of!a!science.!The!first!law!of! ! protoacapitalism:!markets!must!multiply! through!foreign!trade!or!they!will! stagnate!and!die.!As!the!most! sophisticated!of!the!17th!century! defenders!of!mercantilism,!William! Petty,!put!it:!“There!is!much!more!to!be! gained!by!Manufacture!than!Husbandry,! and!by!Merchandize!than!Manufacture.! A!Seaman!is!in!effect!three!Husbanda men.”!(Political.Arithmetick,!1690). The!contemporary!vision!of!an! integrated,!globalized,!selfaregulating! capitalist!world!economy!can!be!traced! back!to!some!of!these!axioms!of!the! capitalist!“spirit!of!adventure.”!And!yet! what!is!largely!missing!from!the!current! picture!is!any!sense!of!material! resistance!to!the!expansion!of!the! market!imperative.!Investment!flows! intangibly,!through!the!ether,!as!if!by! magic.!Money!begets!money.!Wealth!is! weightless.!Sea!trade,!when!it!is! remembered!at!all,!is!a!relic!of!an!older! and!obsolete!economy,!a!world!of! decrepitude,!rust,!and!creaking!cables,! of!the!slow!movement!of!heavy!things.!If! Petty’s!old!fable!held!that!a!seafarer!was! worth!three!peasants,!neither!count!for! much!in!the!even!more!fabulous!new! equation.!And!yet!we!would!all!die! without!the!toil!of!farmers!and! seafarers. glossary!includes!entries!on!real!and! imaginary!places,!descriptions!of!islands! in!general!and!films!in!particular,! contributions!by!the!filmmakers,! philosophical!speculations,!short!and! large!quotations,!poems!and!songs,! unpublished!texts!and!random!Google! searches. Like!the!film!program,!the!glossary! follows!a!motif!by!proposing!a!trip!with! different!stops,!wanderings,!detours!and! dialectical!encounters.!But,!first!and! foremost,!it!is!only!an!excuse!for!a! meeting!with!the!films!and!between!the! films,!a!pretext!to!start!a!conversation!or! just!a!record!of!a!process!mingling! method!and!improvisation!in!an! inextricable!way. The!multilingual!arrangement!of!this! glossary!is,!as!everything!else!in!Doc’s! Kingdom,!a!result!of!practical! constraints,!ethical!principles,!longaterm! wishes,!hard!work!and!a!lot!of!fun.!This! heterogeneous!linguistic!expression!is!a! perfect!match!watching!and!discussing! the!same!films!together,!but!nonetheless! experiencing!different!visions!not!totally! shareable!or!understandable!(and!yet,! trying!and!failing!and!trying!again!and! failing!better). ! GOD!In!Perfumed!Nightmare,!little! ! ! Allan!Sekula!and!Noël!Burch,!“Notes!for!a!Film”,! 2010! ! ! GLOSSARY%This!glossary!is!an! experimental!project!resulting!from!a! creative!constraint!–!giving!information! on,!about!and!around!the!films!shown!in! an!undisclosed!program!–!and,!as!a! consequence,!producing!new! correspondences!in!a!constellation!of! ideas.!The!form!of!the!glossary!–!a! seemingly!neutral!structure!that!can!be! experienced!differently!by!each!reader,! either!linearly!or!jumping!back!and!forth! across!the!entries!–!is!thus!the!most! appropriate!image!of!the!program:!an! eclectic!collection!of!figures,!gestures,! places,!ideas,!problems!and!ways!of! experiencing!the!world!through!cinema. Inspired!by!the!Dictionary.of.Imaginary. Places,!by!Manguel!and!Guadalupi,! originally!published!in!1980,!this! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Nuno!Lisboa,!2013! ! ! Kidlat,!the!hero,!is!fascinated!by!Werner! von!Braun’s!world!and!Cape!Kennedy! and!hiatech!society.!He!comes!to!realize! that!his!strength!is!in!his!own!Filipino! identity.!For!the!music!in! Perfumed_Nightmare,!I!had!a!Kidlat! theme.!It’s!a!piece!from!the!Koran.!I!had! been!provided!with!tapes!of! ethnographic!music,!including!three! tapes!of!Muslim!music!from!Mindanao.! But!of!so!many!tunes!I!instinctively! chose!a!particular!tune!without! understanding!the!Arabic!text,!and! repeated!it!throughout!the!film.!After!my! first!screening!in!Paris,!an!Egyptian! student!excitedly!asked!me!how!I!had! chosen!the!music!and!said!that!the! words!were!so!relevant.!Then!he! explained!that!in!the!song,!after! Abraham!was!asked!by!God!to!sacrifice! his!son,!he!is!confused!about!why!God! 49 ! would!ask!for!blood.!In!trying!to! understand!God!he!sees!the!moon!and! asks,!“Is!that!my!God?”!The!moon! disappears;!he!is!disappointed.!Like! wise!the!sun!provokes!him!to!ask!“Is! that!my!God?!The!sun!rises!and!sets!.!He! continues!questioning.!The!stars!come! and!go;!finally!he!concludes!that!God!is! within!himself.! ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!“CupsaofaGas!Filmmaking!vs!.! Full!TankacumaCredit!Card!Fillmaking”,!The. Challenge.of.Third.World.Culture,!1986! ! ! GREEN%A!dense!mass!of!limeagreen! leaves!of!unidentified!plants.!It!is!not! possible!to!say!if!they!are!suspended!or! rooted. ! ! ! ! ! ! digesting!an!elephant.!But!since!the! grownaups!were!not!able!to!understand! it,!I!made!another!drawing:!I!drew!the! inside!of!a!boa!constrictor,!so!that!the! grownaups!could!see!it!clearly.!They! always!need!to!have!things!explained. HABITANTE! Meu!espírito!é!semelhante!a!esta!ilha, E!minha!sorte,!a!este!oceano. E,!eu!sou!um!habitante!tranquilo da!tempestade!e!do!furacão. ! ! ! ! ! ! V.!Hugo,!Contemplations,!1856! ! SaintaExupéry,!Litlle.Prince,!1943! ! ! HAT!I!pondered!deeply,!then,!over!the! adventures!of!the!jungle.!And!after!some! work!with!a!colored!pencil!I!succeeded! in!making!my!first!drawing.!My!Drawing! Number!One.!It!looked!something!like! this: Drawing!Number!One ! ! ! ! I!showed!my!masterpiece!to!the!growna ups,!and!asked!them!whether!the! drawing!frightened!them. But!they!answered:!“Frighten?!Why! should!any!one!be!frightened!by!a!hat?” My!drawing!was!not!a!picture!of!a!hat.!It! was!a!picture!of!a!boa!constrictor! ! ! 50 ! ! ! ! ! % HIKIHOHO!–!Não!têm!o!direito!de!lhe! chamar!Parlay.!É!como!está!nos!mapas! do!almirantado,!e!também!nos!mapas! franceses,!com!o!nome!Hikihoho.! Bougainville!descobriuao!e!pôsalhe!o! nome!que!lhe!davam!os!indígenas. a!Que!interessa!o!nome?!–!perguntou!o! imediato,!aproveitando!estar!a!fazer!uso! da!fala!para!fazer!uma!pausa,!com!os! braços!enfiados!nas!mangas!da!camisola! interior.!–!Está!aqui,!mesmo!à!nossa! frente,!e!o!velho!Parlay!está!lá!com!as! pérolas.! a!Quem!viu!as!pérolas?!–!interrogou! Hermann,!olhando!os!outros!um!a!um.! a!Toda!a!gente!sabe!–!ripostou!o! comissário!de!bordo.![…]!–!Hikihoho! pertence!ao!velho!Parlay.!Tem!uma! fortuna!em!pérolas,!acumulada!durante! ! ! ! 51 ! anos!e!anos,!e!há!umas!semanas!fez! saber!que!ia!leiloáalas!amanhã.![…]!Seja! como!for,!a!história!é!esta:!Parlay!é!um! francês!puroasangue.!Contouame!uma! vez!que!veio!de!Paris.!Aliás,!tem!a! pronúncia!de!um!verdadeiro!parisiense.! Chegou!cá!no!bom!tempo.!Meteuase!no! comércio!e!no!resto.!Foi!assim!que!veio! parar!a!Hikihoho.!Fezase!negociante! quando!o!comércio!era!uma!coisa!a! sério.!Viviam!na!ilha!uns!cem! paumotanos!miseráveis.!Casou!com!a! rainha!…!à!maneira!nativa.!Quando!ela! morreu,!ficou!com!tudo.!Houve!uma! epidemia!de!varíola!e!só!restou!uma! dúzia!de!sobreviventes.!Sustentouaos,! influenciouaos!e!aceitaramano!como!rei.! Ora!a!rainha,!antes!de!morrer,!tinha!tido! uma!filha,!Armande.!Quando!tinha!três! anos!ele!mandouaa!para!o!convento!de! Papeete.!Quando!tinha!sete!ou!oito!anos,! mandouaa!para!França.!Estão!agora!a! ver!a!situação?!O!convento!melhor!e! mais!aristocrático!de!França!não!lhe! parecia!suficientemente!bom!para!a!filha! única!de!um!rei!capitalista!de!uma!ilha! das!Paumotus.!E!vocês!sabem!que!a! velha!França!não!estabelece!barreiras!de! cor.!Foi!educada!como!uma!princesa!e! aceitouase!a!si!própria!da!mesma! maneira.!Estava!convencida!de!que!era! de!raça!branca!pura!e!nunca!sonhou!que! se!levantasse!à!sua!volta!uma!barreira! sinistra.! Agora!vem!a!tragédia.!O!velho!sempre! foi!excêntrico!e!caprichoso!e! desempenhou!durante!tanto!tempo!o! papel!de!déspota!em!Hikihoho!que!se! lhe!meteu!na!cabeça!que!nada!de!mal! poderia!acontecer!ao!rei!…!ou!à! princesa.!Quando!Armande!fez!dezoito! anos,!mandouaa!regressar.!Parlay!tinha! mais!dinheiro!do!que!o!seu!peso!em! ouro,!como!se!costuma!dizer.!Havia! construído!um!casarão!em!Hikihoho!e! uma!bela!casa!vistosa!em!Papeete.!Ela!ia! chegar!no!vaporacorreio!vindo!da!Nova! Zelândia!e!ele!meteuase!na!sua!escuna! para!ir!ter!com!ela!a!Papeete.!Poderia! terase!evitado!a!situação!que!se!seguiu,! apesar!das!comadrices!e!inimizades!de! Papeete,!se!não!fosse!o!furacão.!Não!foi! nesse!ano!que!o!ManuaHuhi!se!afundou! ! 52 ! ! ! ! e!morreram!afogados!mil!e!cem,! homens?! Os!outros!acenaram!em!sinal!de! assentimento![…]. a!Bom!–!continuou!Grief!a,!o!velho!Parlay! foi!surpreendido!pelo!mesmo!furacão!e! chegou!a!Papeete!com!o!seu!monte!de! pérolas!e!com!três!semanas!de!atraso.! Tinha!tido!de!consertar!a!escuna!e! construir!uma!rampa!de!quinhentos! metros!para!a!poder!lançar!de!novo!ao! mar.!E!entretanto!Armande!estava!em! Papeete.!Ninguém!a!foi!ver.!À!maneira! francesa,!fez!as!primeiras!visitas!ao! governador!e!ao!médico!do!porto.! Receberamana,!mas!as!estúpidas!das! esposas!mandaram!dizer!que!não! estavam!em!casa!e!não!retribuíram!a! visita.!Foi!com!aparente!finura!que!lhe! fizeram!saber!que!ela!não!era!da!sua! casta,!ou!antes,!não!era!de!casta,!embora! nem!sequer!o!imaginasse.!Havia!um! jovem!e!leviano!tenente!no!cruzeiro! francês.!Perdeu!o!coração!por!ela,!mas! não!a!cabeça.!Imaginem!o!choque!da! jovem,!refinada,!bela,!educada!como! uma!aristocrata,!endinheirada,! acostumada!a!tudo!o!que!de!melhor! havia!na!velha!França.!E!já!podem! adivinhar!o!desfecho.!–!Encolheu!os! ombros.!–!Havia!um!criado!japonês!na! casa.!Viu!tudo.!Contou!que!ela!agiu!com! um!verdadeiro!espírito!de!samurai.! Pegou!num!estilete!–!não!fui!um! impulso,!não!se!precipitou,!não!foi! tomada!por!uma!ânsia!avassaladora!de! autodestruição!–!pegou!no!estilete,! colocou!a!ponta!cuidadosamente!contra! o!coração,!e!com!ambas!as!mãos,! lentamente!e!com!firmeza,!enterrouao! no!peito.! O!velho!Parlay!chegou!depois,!com!as! suas!pérolas.![…]!O!velho!perdeu!a! cabeça.!Tiveram!de!lhe!pôr!um!coletea deaforças,!fecharamano!no!Clube! Colonial!e!ali!esteve!dois!dias.! a!O!tio!da!mulher,!um!velho!paumotano,! livrouao!do!colete!e!soltouao!–! corroborou!o!comissário!de!bordo.! a!E!então!o!velho!Parlay!começou!a!fazer! estragos!–!prosseguiu!Grief.!–!Meteu!três! balas!no!corpo!do!tenente…!Atirou!um! copo!de!vinho!à!cara!do!governador;! bateuase!em!duelo!com!o!médico!do! ! ! ! ! ! porto;!espancou!os!criados!indígenas;! cometeu!desacatos!no!hospital;!partiu! duas!costelas!e!o!pescoço!a!um! enfermeiro;!fugiu!e!voltou!à!escuna,!com! uma!arma!em!cada!mão,!desafiando!o! chefe!da!polícia!e!todos!os!gendarmes!a! prendêalo,!e!zarpou!para!Hikihoho.! Dizem!que!nunca!mais!saiu!da!ilha. ! ! Jack!London,!“As!Pérolas!de!Parlay”,!1911! ! ! HISTÓRIA%DOS%MARES%DO%SUL,% UMA%Estavaase!em!fins!de!1928!e!este! grande!viajante!e!descobridor!persistia! em!ser!também!aquilo!que!só!o!êxito!de! Nanook!lhe!tinha!sugerido:!um! realizador!de!profissão.!Grande!parte! dos!últimos!anos!tinhaaos!vivido!no! Pacífico,!onde!nunca!chegara!a! conseguir!prolongar!a!experiência!de! Moana,!ou!seja,!fazer!um!filme!não!já! sobre!a!cultura!primitiva!e!“intocada”! mas,!precisamente,!sobre!a!ameaça!real! que!o!choque!das!civilizações!exteriores! produzia!sobre!essa!cultura.!Falhado,!em! Taiti,!o!projecto!Sombras.Brancas!(que! abandonara!ao!coarealizador!W.S.!Van! Dyke!pela!eterna!recusa!em!aceitar! dramatizações!exteriores!ao!quotidiano! local),!a!esperança!de!retornar!às!ilhas! do!pacífico!não!morrera.!As! circunstâncias!estavam!portanto! reunidas!para!erguer!um!novo!projecto,! que!desta!vez!apareceria!pela!mão!de! Murnau. Com!efeito,!das!conversas!entre!este! último!e!o!irmão!de!Robert!Flaherty! surgira!a!proposta:!fundarem!uma! companhia!própria!e!partirem!juntos!no! recémacomprado!iate!de!Murnau!em! busca!de!paraísos!perdidos,!onde! filmariam!o!que!muito!bem!lhes! apetecesse,!de!costas!voltadas!às! grandes!companhias!de!Hollywood.! Confiavam!no!crédito!garantido!pelo! nome!do!realizador!alemão!e!numa!certa! complementaridade!de!talentos.!Plenos! de!fé!nas!Produções!MurnauaFlaherty,! rumaram!às!ilhas!Marquesas!em!meados! de!1929!–!na!rota!do!Cruzeiro!Sul!de! Melville,!Steveson!ou!Conrad!–!e! acabaram!por!se!fixar!em!Taiti,!onde! iniciaram!a!nova!película!com!o!dinheiro! de!Murnau!e!uma!reduzida!equipa! % ! ! ! formada!no!local.!O!argumento!nasceu! de!uma!história!contada!por!Flaherty,! que!girava!em!torno!de!um!apanhador! de!pérolas.!Mas!aqui!começaram!os! problemas.!Para!o!autor!de!Moana,!o!que! se!tratava,!agora,!era!de!falar!do!choque! de!culturas!e!da!destruição!dos! costumes!locais.!Ao!invés,!para!Murnau,! era!a!própria!evocação!desses!costumes! e,!sobretudo,!dos!ecos!lendários!que!em! torno!deles!se!tinham!espalhado,!tudo! isto!moldado!por!um!sólido,!mesmo!que! exterior,!suporte!narrativo.!Com!o! desejo!de!introdução!directa!de!uma! lenda!–!que!deu!o!título!ao!filme!–!ele! quebrava!os!princípios!de!construção!de! Flaherty.!E!então,!sendo!um!elemento! secundário!no!esquema!de!produção!e! financiamento,!Flaherty!não!lutou!pelo! seu!projecto,!antes!preferiu!a!deslocação! gradual!para!os!bastidores.!Filmou! ainda,!e!apenas,!imagens!contextuais!e,! mais!tarde,!já!na!fase!final,!acabou!por! vender!a!sua!quota!a!Murnau!e! abandonar!a!produção. ! ! José!Manuel!Costa,!Folha!da!cinemateca!sobre! Tabu,!2007! ! ! HOMEM,%LUISA!Lisboa,!1978.! Frequentou!o!curso!de!Ciências!da! Comunicação,!variante!Cinema,!da! Universidade!Nova!de!Lisboa.!Foi! bolseira!Erasmus!e!frequentou!o!curso! de!cinema!da!Universidade!Paris!8.! Colaborou!com!o!Laboratório!de!Criação! Cinematográfica!da!Nova.!Frequentou!os! Ateliers!Varan!no!Programa!Criatividade! e!Criação!Artística!da!Fundação!Calouste! Gulbenkian.!É!sócia!fundadora!da! produtora!Terratreme!Filmes.!Realizou! com!o!Pedro!Pinho!o!laboratório!de! cinema!Nomadlab!em!Maputo,!em! parceria!com!o!Dockanema.!É! responsável!pelo!laboratório!de!vídeo!II,! no!Ar.Co.!Realizou!recentemente!uma! residência!artística!na!Casa!da!Imagem,! em!Gaia.!Trabalha!actualmente!como! realizadora,!montadora!e!produtora.! Realizou!vários!filmes!documentais,!de! que!se!destacam!Retratos.(Fórum! Gulbenkian!Imigração)!e!As.cidades.e.as. trocas.(coarealização!Pedro!Pinho),!bem! como!séries!documentais!de!televisão,! como.No.trilhos.dos.Naturalistas:.São. 53 ! Tomé.e.Príncipe.(coarealização!Tiago! Hespanha)!e!Um.dia.no.Museu.(série!de! 13!episódios!para!RTP2,!CRIM).! Trabalha!regularmente!como! montadora,!destacandoase!os!filmes!Bab. Sebta.de!Frederico!Lobo!e!Pedro!Pinho,! retrato.de.inverno.de.uma.paisagem. ardida!de!Inês!Sapeta,.Visita.Guiada!de! Tiago!Hespanha,!Lacrau!de!João! Vladimiro!e!Um.fim.do.mundo.de!Pedro! Pinho. ! ! ! HOOLOOMOOLOO,!an!Island!of!the! Mardi!Archipelago,!heaped!with!rocks! and!covered!with!dwarfed,!twisted! thickets.! It!is!sometimes!known!as!the!Isle!of! Cripples!because!the!inhabitants!of! surrounding!islands;!averse!to!the! barbarous!custom!of!destroying!at!birth! all!infants!asymmetrically!formed,!but! wanting!equally!to!remove!them!from! sight,!long!ago!established!an!asylum!for! cripples!on!Hooloomooloo.!The! descendants!of!the!exiles!still!live!here,! subject!to!their!own!laws!and!ruled!by!a! king!of!their!own!choice.!They!are!not! allowed!to!leave!the!island,!because!the! rest!of!the!archipelago!wants!nothing!to! do!with!them.! ! ! The!natives!ofHooloomooloo!are!not! certain,!however,!that!they!are!cripples,! and!explain!to!visitors!that!whether!a! person!is!hideous!or!handsome!depends! upon!who!is!made!judge.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Herman! Melville,.Mardi,.and.A.Voyage.Thither,!New!York,! 1849! ! ! HORIZONTE%Quando!me!falavam!de! horizonte!retirado,!de!Magos!que! sabiam!retiraranos!o!horizonte!e!só!o! horizonte,!deixando!visível!todo!o!resto,! julgava!eu!que!fosse!uma!espécie!de! frase!idiomática,!graça!que!apenas!à! língua!dissesse!respeito.! Certo!dia,!comigo!presente,!um!Mago! retirou!a!toda!a!minha!volta!o!horizonte.! Fosse!magnetismo,!sugestão!ou!causa! diferente!(eu!estava!perto!do!mar!e! ainda!há!pouco!podia!apreciaralhe!a! amplitude!imensa!e!as!areias!da!praia),! causouame!uma!angústia!de!tal!modo! forte!que!nem!um!passo!eu!me!atreveria! a!dar.! Garantialhe!logo!que!estava!convencido,! mais!isto!e!mais!aquilo.!Tinhaame! invadido!uma!intolerável!sensação!que! nem!me!atrevo!agora!a!evocar.! ! ! ! ! Henri!Michaux,!No.país.da.Magia,!1967! ! ! ! IDÉE%D’IMAGE!Dans!cette!langue!des! images,!il!faut!perdre!complètement!la! notion!d’image,!que!les!images!excluent! l’idée!d’images. ! ! Robert!Bresson,!Notes.sur.cinématographe,!1975! ! % IDEE%D’UN%FILM%Cahiers:!Cette!idée! d'un!film!qui!se!passe!dans!une!île!du! Pacifique,!étailace!une!vieille!idée,!d'où! venaitaelle?!de!vos!propres!voyages? Rudolph!Thome!:!Non.!En!1965!ou!66,! j'ai!vu!Tabou!de!Murnau,!j'ai!adoré!le! film!qui!a!été!longtemps!mon!film! préféré!(plus!aujourd'hui).!Depuis!j'ai!dû! avoir!le!rêve!de!faire!un!film!comme!ça.! J'étais!fou.!Après!avoir!tourné!Rote. Sonne,!une!chaîne!de!télé,!WDR,!ma! proposé!de!faire!quelque!chose,!je!leur! ai!proposé!un!sujet!sur!les!Mers!du!Sud! mais!ils!ont!refusé,!c'était!trop!loin,!trop! risqué!pour!eux.!J'ai!donc!fait!autre! chose!mais!le!script!était!déjà!écrit.!Plus! tard,!j'ai!fait!Made.in.Germany.and.USA! et!je!l'ai!montré!au!Forum!du!Festival!de! Berlin.!Cynthia!Beatt!et!un!distributeur! anglais!l'ont!vu!et!l'ont!beaucoup!aimé.! Nous!nous!sommes!vus,!nous!avons! ! 54 ! ! ! ! beaucoup!parlé!et!le!résultat!est!que! Cynthia!Beatt!est!venue!à!Berlin!et!que! nous!avons!vécu!quatre!ans!ensemble.! Elle!est!née!à!la!Jamaïque!et!a!vécu!six! ou!sept!ans!aux!îles!Fidji…! C!:!Mais!je!suppose!que!sa!motivation!à! elle!n'était!pas!de!rêfaire!Tabou!parce! que!dans!le!film!on!a!l'impression!que! son!intérêt!est!plus!idéologique,!plus! tourné!vers!l'expérience!de!la!vie! communautaire!et!son!échec.!Hier,!vous! disiez!qu'il!y!avait!l'esprit!de!Tabou!dans! votre!film!mais!aussi!le!tempo!de! Milestones!de!Kramer.!Cynthia!Beatt,!ce! serait!un!peu!le!côté!Kramer!du!film,! non?! RT!:!Exactement.!Elle!ne!s'intéressait! qu'aux!films!expérimentaux,!elle! n'aimait!pas!les!films!de!fiction.!Et!puis,! ou!s'est!mis!à!aller!au!cinéma!ensemble! et!elle!s'est!mise!à!aimer!des!films!de! Hawks,!etc.!Son!rôle!dans!le!film!est!très! fort.!Mais!notre!idée!à!tous!deux!était!de! choisir!un!bout!de!réalité!assez!petit! pour!qu'on!puisse!tout!avoir.!Pour!cela,! une!petite!île!était!parfaite.!Nos!sociétés! sont!si!compliquées!qu'il!est!très!difficile! de!réaliser!ce!qui!s'y!passe!vraiment.! 55 ! Nous!voulions!nous!en!éloigner!pour! décrire!une!Société!moins!compliquée.! Mais!sur!place,!nous!avons!compris!que! ce!monde!était!plus!étrange!que!l’on! pouvait!se!l'imaginer.!Par!exemple,!j'ai! beaucoup!travaillé!sur!le!langage!des! habitants!de!l'île!d'Ureparapara!et!pour! traduire!quatre!lignes!de!texte,!il!m'a! fallu!près!de!dix!heures!de!travail!!C'est! une!toute!autre!manière!de!penser…! C!:!Même!si!le!mythe!du!bon!sauvage! persiste,!on!sait!aujourd'hui!que!les! sociétés!dites!“primitives”!sont!très! complexes.!Murnau!croyait!au!bon! sauvage!mais!vous,!estace!que!vous! croyiez!à!ce!à!quoi!Murnau.croyait?. RT:!Non.!C'est!l'aspect!de!Tabou!que!je! n'aime!plus!aujourd'hui.!Parce!que! Murnau!met!ses!pensées!et!ses!émotions! dans!la!parole!des!indigènes.!Et!je!crois! que!mon!film!réussit!un!peu!à!éviter! cela.!Je!crois!être!parvenu,!pas! consciemment!mais!intuitivement,!à! montrer!la!vie!dans!cette!île,!comment!le! sentiment!du!temps!fait!défaut,! comment!rien!ne!semble!vraiment! arriver.!Simplement,!des!fois!un!bateau! arrive,!c'est!tout.!On!ne!sait!jamais! quand!le!prochain!arrivera:!dans!trois! mois!ou!le!lendemain.!Et!le!cinéma!est! un!art!du!temps,!un!art!qui!nous!décolle! du!temps…![…].Vous!savez!pourquoi!j'ai! choisi!cette!île?!Non?!C’est!à!cause!de!sa! forme!et!le!fait!que!c'était!une!île! volcanique.!C'est!le!seul!film!mystique! que!j'aie!fait.!Parce!que!je!suis!un!peu! superstitieux,!comme!tout!le!monde,!et! dans!l'île!il!y!avait!beaucoup!de! superstitions.!Soudain,!certaines!parties! de!l'île!étaient!taboues!parce!que!le!chef! avait!dit!qu'un!mauvais!esprit!s’y! trouvait.!On!ne!pouvait!pas!y!aller! pendant!un!on!deux!jours.!Cette!île!est! réellement!un!drôle!d'endroit.!Je!voulais! finir!le!film!avec!un!plan!vu!d'avion!où! ou!voyait!Cynthia!écrire!en!grosses! lettres!avec!un!bambou!le!mot!FIN!sur!la! plage.!Et!puis!je!voulais!boucler!le!film! sur!luiamême!comme!ça.!Mais!quand!on! a!voulu!faire!ça,!quand!le!pilote!est! descendu!jusqu'à!trois!cent!pied!du!sol,! au!niveau!du!cratère,!il!y!a!eu!soudain! une!force!étrange!qui!s'est!emparée!de! l'avion!comme!si!elle!voulait!le!détruire.! 56 ! ! ! ! Et!le!pilote!ne!pouvait!plus!rien!faire.! C’est!comme!si!on!avait!transgressé! quelque!chose,!voulu!filmer!l'enfer!ou! quelque!chose!comme!ça.!Il!n'y!a!pas!de! fin!au!film,!il!y!a!juste!du!noir. % ! Rudolph!Thome!interviewé!par!Serge!Daney!et! Yann!Lardeau,!Cahiers.du.Cinéma,!1980! ! ! IDEIA%DE%ILHA,%UMA!Houve!um! tempo!em!que!o!documentário!social! (passe!a!redundância!–!no!que!conta,! nunca!houve!outro)!abordava!a! sociedade!e!a!História!a!partir!dos! grupos!humanos!e!das!movimentações! colectivas.!A!figuração!era!colectiva,! mesmo!quando!se!criavam!personagens! como!epítomes!do!colectivo!(Julian,!em! Spanish.Earth).!Foi!certamente!a! revolução.do.directo!(viragem!da!década! de!50!para!60)!que,!com!a!sua!maior! procura!do!gesto!banal,!quotidiano,! levou!a!câmara!a!interessarase!mais!(ou! correspondeu!ao!desejo!das!câmaras!de! se!interessarem!mais)!pelos!trajectos! individuais!–!uma!mutação!a!que,!de! resto,!não!terá!sido!alheio!o!próprio! facto!de!ter!começado!nessa!época,!ou! pouco!depois,!a!história!mais! significativa!do!diário.filmado.!(Num! outro!sentido,!poderíamos!dizer!que!a! reacção!de!Wiseman!contra!essa! individualização!acentuou!a!evidência! dela!–!e!isso!mesmo!se,!por!outro!lado,!a! lógica!de!concentração!num!grupo! institucional!e!num!único!lugar!também! remetiam,!na!obra!deste,!para!a!ideia!de! microcosmos!de!que!aqui!vamos!falar.) Mas!se!este!foi!mais!um!dos!elementos! das!mudanças!de!meados!do!século,!a! verdade!é!que!nada!do!que!se!fez!então! chegou!ao!extremo!de!individualização,! ou!de!condensação,!que!viria!a!surgir! depois.!Na!senda!da!própria!ideia!de! revisitação!do!século!XX!–!o!primeiro! século!filmado!por!inteiro,!cuja! acumulação!audiovisual!foi!também!a! dos!arquivos!pessoais!–,!e!sem!dúvida! por!razões!ligadas!à!maior!dificuldade! de!explicitar!leituras!gerais,!os!últimos! anos!desse!século!e!os!primeiros!do! actual!deram!origem,!e!não!cessam!de! dar!origem,!a!mais!e!mais!obras!em!que! a!História!é!tratada!através!de!percursos! familiares!ou!individuais.!Contra!a!figura! ! do!colectivo!a!figura!do!indivíduo,! contra!o!espaço!da!multidão!o!espaço! reduzido,!isolado,!que!parece!ser!hoje!a! sua!representação!possível.!Se!é!verdade! que!todo!o!cinema!é,!por!condição,! metonímico,!a!metonímia!tornouae! assim!uma!das!armas!mais!evidentes!na! construção!de!muitos!dos!(grandes)! filmes!modernos.!Um!século!numa! história!individual,!o!mundo!num! quarto:!é!essa!a!primeira!acepção!da! palavra!“ilha”!que!esteve!na!base!deste! programa!–!uma!acepção!em!relação!à! qual!o!gesto!emblemático!de!James! Benning!sobre!Thoreau!(a!reconsa tituição!da!cabana!de!Walden)!surgiu! como!uma!das!possíveis!máximas! representações,!ponto!de!partida!e! ponto!de!chegada. Mas!há!uma!outra!acepção.!O!exercício! de!depuração,!ou!de!limpeza!formal,!que! é!o!de!boa!parte!deste!cinema!moderno,! tem!sido!também,!não!raro,!o!exercício! (ensaístico)!em!que!se!justapõem! diferentes!planos!de!representação,!em! si!mesmos!evocadores!da!experiência! humana!nas!ilhas.!Quem!se!isola!numa! ilha,!não!se!isola!do!mundo,!antes! sobrepõe,!à!paisagem!dela,!a!memória! do!mundo.!Um!dos!exercícios!cinemaa tográficos!mais!reiterados!nestes! últimos!anos!tem!sido!aquele!em!que,!à! exploração!de!um!território!se!sobrepõe! um!som!–!um!texto!a,!num!jogo!de! dissociação!entre!exterior!e!interior,! Geografia!e!História!(ou!Memória),!que! evoca!essa!outra!dissociação!decorrente! de!um!qualquer!(ilusório)!refúgio.!Entre! a!carga!utópica!que!sempre!esteve! associada!aos!microcosmos!das!ilhas! (Thome:!descrição.de.uma.ilha)!e!um!tal! exercício!de!sobreposição!interior,!não! haverá!mais!do!que!um!prolongamento.! A!ilha,!ou!seja,!o!plano!da!observação! quando!justaposto!ao!do!pensamento.! ! ! ! José!Manuel!Costa,!2013! ! % IF%the!rivers!withheld,!what!would! become!of!the!sea. ! ! Stig!Dagerman,!Our.need.for.consolation.is. Insatiable,!1955! ! ! ILHA!Encontravaame!agora!na!ilha!onde! nascera;!muitos!anos!de!ausência! ! ! ! seguida,!e!estava!ali.!Para!morrer?!O! meu!centro,!o!âmago,!era!esta!terra!que! afinal!eu!não!reconhecia!como!esperava,! com!alvoroço,!com!uma!emoção! porventura!amarga,!difícil,!mas!não! desta!maneira!recuada,!como!se!eu!não! fosse!vulnerável!aos!prestígios!da!minha! tradição.!Aquilo!que!a!vista!me!dava,! basaltos,!espumas,!corolas!altas! fremindo,!corolas!animais,!e!as!ruas!e! casas,!os!nomes,!evocações!de!pessoas,! factos,!instantes!vertiginosos!e! misteriosos,!o!tormento!e!o!júbilo,!os! pactos!irrevogáveis!com!o!destino! próprio,!ali,!naquele!sítio!–!nenhuma! dessas!experiências,!nada,!nenhuma! imagem!confirmada!pelo!olhar,!ou!esse! odor!de!vaza!marinha,!de!jasmins,!e!o! vento!trazido!das!montanhas,!nada!era! vivo,!actual,!reiterado,!circulatório,!nada! me!reatava,!um!ímpeto!do!espírito,!uma! religação;!eram!coisas,!aquelas,!cona feridas!como!realidades!independentes! de!mim,!arranjos!do!espaço!que!uma! espécie!de!indiferença!lúcida!achava! irrecusáveis!mas!irrecuperáveis!na! consciência,!a!consciência!não!fora! abalada.!Eu!não!reconhecia!o!mundo,! aquele.!Poderia!então!morrer,! insensível,!ali?!Só!morremos!de!nós! mesmos,!e!se!existe!uma!figura! topográfica,!geográfica,!talvez!seja!escoa lhida!ou!imposta!pela!inspiração!que! dirige!profundamente!a!nossa!vida.!Esta! ilha!não!se!integrava!na!minha!ordem! espiritual!e!fora!nela!contudo!que!eu! arrecadara!os!ganhos!fundamentais,!os! primeiros,!naquelas!imagens,!nos! acontecimentos!por!assim!dizer! nascidos!nesses!lugares,!nascidos!deles,! ali!concebera!como!reitoria!irreversível! e!inocente!aquilo!que,!com!alguma! veracidade,!alguma!retórica,!alguma!fé,! se!chamaria!destino.! Quase!me!apetece!escrever!que!a! alimentação!mítica,!a!minha,!se!fizera! daquela!substância!mas!os!elementos! tanto!se!haviam!purificado,!de!tal! maneira!tinham!sido!dispostos,!que! constituíam!um!universo!autónomo,! irreferenciável,!absoluto.!Fora!ali!que!eu! nascera.!Mas!creio!haver!quem!nasça!de! si!próprio!e!significa!talvez,!isto,!que! nada!tenho!a!ver!com!a!história,!que!a! ! 57 ! criei,!eu,!à!história,!passe!a!megalomania! se!o!é;!a!história!é!a!minha!biografia!e!os! pontos!onde!vida!e!criação!tocam!pontos! da!história!comum,!pensandoase!que!há! história!comum,!são!contactos!de!que! me!sirvo!não!para!a!ficção!da!rainha! existência!mas!para!a!ficção!da!história! que!serve!a!verdade!biográfica.! Compreendi!então:!cumpriraase!aquilo! que!eu!sempre!desejara!–!uma!vida! subtil,!unida!e!invisível!que!o!fogo! celular!das!imagens!devorava.!Era!uma! vida!que!absorvera!o!mundo!e!o! abandonara!depois,!abandonara!a!sua! realidade!fragmentária.!Era!compacta!e! limpa.!Gramatical.! ! ! Herberto!Helder,!Servidões,!2013! ! ! ILHA%1%Massa!ambulante!de!ossos! tendões!e!vísceras!com!janelas!para!o! exterior;!em!constante!comparação!com! as!ilhas!que!a!rodeiam,!comporta!em!si! mesma!o!seu!paraíso!e!o!seu!inferno,! renegando!geralmente!o!verdadeiro! contacto!com!as!suas!semelhantes! usufruindo!apenas!das!pontes!frágeis! com!finalidades!de!interesse!comercial,! também!chamadas!de!interesseiras;! outras!pontes!porém!são!construídas,! mas!devido!à!difícil!manutenção!tendem! a!cair!devido!à!corrosão!provocada!pelo! tempo.!Estas!pontes!são!conhecidas!por! afectivas!ou!emocionais.!Por!último,!as! pontes!com!mais!longevidade,!embora! em!certos!climas!com!mais!dificuldade! do!que!noutros,!são!as!chamadas! hereditárias;!têm!a!particularidade!de! confinar!a!ilha!a!uma!zona!de!maior! protecção!também!conhecida!por! arquipélago;!por!vezes!esta!protecção! assume!proporções!tais!que!pode! assumir!um!carácter!destrutivo. ! ! João!Vladimiro,!2013! ! ! ILHA%2!Onde!nos!refugiamos,!cada! noite,!ou!cada!dia;!quando!nos! esquecemos!da!finalidade!das!coisas;!um! sonho,!um!pesadelo,!uma!fuga!desta! outra!forma!a!que!chamamos!vida. Nesta!ilha,!a!vida!tem!em!si!o!seu!início!e! o!seu!fim.!É!uma!ilha. Nesta!ilha,!o!controlo!dos!elementos!é! parcial,!a!água!transformarase!em!fogo! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! não!é!uma!coisa!assim!tão!anormal.!É! uma!ilha. Nesta!ilha!os!bichos!falam!connosco!e! nós!concordamos!com!eles,!mesmo! quando!nos!comem,!pois!também!nós!os! comemos!e!eles!não!se!queixam. Nesta!ilha!lançamos!os!velhos!para!a! boca!do!vulcão!com!um!sorriso!nos! lábios!e!por!cada!velho!que!lançamos! nasce!uma!tartaruga!que!se!lembra!de! uma!outra!vida. Saibam!que!na!China!a!tartaruga!é!o! símbolo!de!longevidade! ! ! ! ! ! João!Vladimiro,!2013! ! ! ILHA%3!Rodeada!por!4!montes!(Alto,! Baixo,!AssimaAssim!e!Nem!Se!Vê),!a!ilha! de!Covas!protegeuase!assim!do! continente!Cidade. Na!ilha!de!Covas,!o!Ar,!a!Terra,!a!Água!e! o!Fogo!ainda!são!o!Ar,!a!Terra,!a!Água!e! o!Fogo,!enquanto!que!no!continente! estes!elementos!podem!aparentemente! ser!trocados!por!Euros,!Dólares,!Rublos! ou!Reminbis. Na!ilha!de!Covas!o!medo!ainda!não! ganhou!e!as!pessoas!ainda!falam!umas! com!as!outras;!é!usual!virem!a!esta!ilha! de!visita!os!continentais!com!o!intuito! de!por!um!dia!ou!dois!dias! experimentarem!a!vida!dos!seus! antepassados,!pois!como!todos!sabemos! foi!de!ilhas!como!estas!que!todos!os! homens!vieram. ! ! ! ! João!Vladimiro,!2013! ! ! ILHA%DESCONHECIDA!Mal!sentado,! porque!a!cadeira!de!palhinha!era!muito! mais!baixa!que!o!trono,!o!rei!estava!a! procurar!a!melhor!maneira!de!acomodar! as!pernas,!ora!encolhendoaas!ora! estendendoaas!para!os!lados,!enquanto!o! homem!que!queria!um!barco!esperava! com!paciência!a!pergunta!que!se! seguiria,!E!tu!para!que!queres!um!barco,! podease!saber,!foi!o!que!o!rei!de!facto! perguntou!quando!finalmente!se!deu! por!instalado,!com!sofrível!comodidade,! na!cadeira!da!mulher!da!limpeza,!Para!ir! à!procura!da!ilha!desconhecida,! respondeu!o!homem,!Que!ilha! desconhecida,!perguntou!o!rei! disfarçando!o!riso,!como!se!tivesse!na! sua!frente!um!louco!varrido,!dos!que! têm!a!mania!das!navegações,!a!quem! não!seria!bom!contrariar!logo!de! entrada,!A!ilha!desconhecida,!repetiu!o! homem,!Disparate,!já!não!há!ilhas! desconhecidas,!Quem!foi!que!te!disse,! rei,!que!já!não!há!ilhas!desconhecidas,! Estão!todas!nos!mapas,!Nos!mapas!só! estão!as!ilhas!conhecidas,!E!que!ilha! desconhecida!é!essa!de!que!queres!ir!à! procura,!Se!eu!to!pudesse!dizer,!então! não!seria!desconhecida,!A!quem!ouviste! tu!falar!dela,!perguntou!o!rei,!agora!mais! sério,!A!ninguém,!Nesse!caso,!por!que! teimas!em!dizer!que!ela!existe,! Simplesmente!porque!é!impossível!que! não!exista!uma!ilha!desconhecida,!E! vieste!aqui!para!me!pedires!um!barco,! Sim,!vim!aqui!para!pedirate!um!barco,!E! tu!quem!és,!para!que!eu!to!dê,!E!tu!quem! és,!para!que!não!mo!dês,!Sou!o!rei!deste! reino,!e!os!barcos!do!reino!pertencema me!todos,!Mais!lhes!pertencerás!tu!a!eles! do!que!eles!a!ti,!Que!queres!dizer,! perguntou!o!rei,!inquieto,!Que!tu,!sem! eles,!és!nada,!e!que!eles,!sem!ti,!poderão! sempre!navegar,!Às!minhas!ordens,!com! os!meus!pilotos!e!os!meus!marinheiros,! Não!te!peço!marinheiros!nem!piloto,!só! te!peço!um!barco,!E!essa!ilha! desconhecida,!se!a!encontrares,!será! para!mim,!A!ti,!rei,!só!te!interessam!as! ilhas!conhecidas,!Também!me! interessam!as!desconhecidas!quando! deixam!de!o!ser,!Talvez!esta!não!se!deixe! conhecer,!Então!não!te!dou!o!barco,! Darás. ! ! José!Saramago,!A.ilha.desconhecida,!1997! ! ! IMAGINÁRIO!Quando!vemos!mapas! antigos!de!grupos!que!se!propunham! explorar,!duma!forma!ciêntifica!e! sistemática,!um!dado!território,!logo!nos! damos!conta!que!os!mapas!reflectem! mais!os!medos!e!os!desejos!dos!seus! autores,!do!que!o!real.!Abundam!as! florestas!de!canibais,!ou!vales!de!ouro,! ilustrados!com!desenhos!de!animais! nunca!antes!vistos.! O!que!querem!dizer!as!velhas!fronteiras! hoje?!Que!nos!ensinam!elas!sobre!um! território,!um!país? Um!mundo!de!fronteiras!antigas,!é!um! mundo!com!novas!fronteiras.!Não!será!a! ! ! ! ! ! internet!e!o!computador!–!muitas!vezes! portátil,!que!vai!na!mala!–!a!nova!grande! fronteira? ! ! André!Principe,!2013! ! ! IMAGINER%Dans!tout!le!film,!l'histoire! est!ainsi!pensée!au!travers!de!la! mémoire.!Celleaci!réside! fondamentalement!dans!un!écart!:!écart! entre!la!bandeason!et!la!bande!image,! écart!entre!les!bandes!amorces!noires!et! les!images,!écart!entre!l'image!et!son! support,!écart!de!l'image!qui!se!donne! sur!le!mode!du!retour.!Une!grande!place! est!donc!laissée!à!l'imagination!et!ce! d'autant!plus!que!le!cinéma!de!Nicolas! Rey!ne!cherche!jamais!à!attester!la! réalité,!comme!le!montre!l'évitement!du! site!de!Tchernobyl.!Il!ne!faut!voir!ici! aucun!“!interdit!de!la!représentation!“,! mais!bien!un!choix!de!distanciation.! Parce!qu'elle!ne!sature!pas!le!sens,!la! pauvreté!des!images!nous!laisse!une! place!dans!le!voyage!du!film.! L’esthétique!du!peu!qui!le!caractérise! prend!toute!sa!cohérence!dans!le!fait! que!Rey!est!à!la!fois!le!réalisateur,!le! monteur!et!le!producteur!de!son!œuvre.! Cette!posture!brise!la!division!du!travail! à!laquelle!n'ont!échappé!ni!le! capitalisme,!ni!le!communisme.!Aussi,! son!cinéma!peutail!proposer,!de!cette! manière!également,!une!mémoire!pour! le!présent. % ! Clotilde!Simond,!“!Cinéavoyage!dans!le!temps!”,! Théorème,!2011! ! ! IMPERFECT%CINEMA%In.For.an. Imperfect.Cinema,!written!in!Cuba!in!the! late!1960,!Juan!García!Espinosa! Espinosa%reflects!on!the!promises!of! new!media.!He!clearly!predicts!that!the! development!of!video!technology!will! jeopardize!the!elitist!position!of! traditional!filmmakers!and!enable!some! sort!of!mass!film!production:!an!art!of! the!people.!Like!the!economy!of!poor! images,!imperfect!cinema!diminishes!the! distinctions!between!author!and! audience!and!merges!life!and!art.! % ! Hito!Steyerl,!In.Defense.of.the.Poor.Image,!2011! ! ! 59 ! IMPÉRIO%Quando!nos!referimos!à! noção!de!Império!como!um!dos!temas! centrais!do!filme!– estabelecendo!uma! analogia!entre!o!Império!dos!Mongóis! do!diálogo!de!Calvino!e!a!ideia!de Império!desenvolvida!por!alguns! pensadores!contemporâneos!–!não!nos! estamos!a!referir!aos mecanismos! políticos!ou!económicos!que!possam! caracterizar!essa!ideia!de!Império. O!fenómeno!que!pretendemos!explorar! e!registar!é!o!Império!enquanto! processo!de!alienação da!paisagem:!o! momento!em!que!a!paisagem!física!e! social,!isto!é,!todos!os!elementos!que compõem!o!Lugar!onde!ocorre!a!vida! humana,!se!descolam!de!uma!relação! íntima!e!directa com!a!sucessão!de! acontecimentos!desse!Lugar. Por!outras! palavras:!registar!o!momento!em!que!os! materiais,!os!objectos,!as!construções,!as superfícies,!a!arrumação!dos!espaços,!as! cores,!que!suportam!a!vida!humana! passam!a!ter!uma origem!estranha! àquilo!que!se!passou!nesse!território,!à! história!desse!Lugar.!Esse!momento em! que!a!paisagem!deixa!de!ser!definida! pelas!técnicas,!pelos!usos,!pelos! conhecimentos,!pelos meios,!pelas! relações,!em!suma,!pelas!forças! presentes!num!determinado!espaço! para!passar!a ser!colonizada!por! condicionantes!exteriores!de!ordem! económica,!política!e!cultural!–!é!o momento!em!que!a!paisagem!se!torna! alienada,!e!com!ela!a!vida. % % % %% % % ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! INDUSTRIAL%REVOLUTION%and!its! consequences!have!been!a!disaster!for! the!human!race.!They!have!greatly! increased!the!lifeaexpectancy!of!those!of! us!who!live!in!“advanced”!countries,!but! they!have!destabilized!society,!have! made!life!unfulfilling,!have!subjected! human!beings!to!indignities,!have!led!to! widespread!psychological!suffering!(in! the!Third!World!to!physical!suffering!as! well)!and!have!inflicted!severe!damage! on!the!natural!world.!The!continued! development!of!technology!will!worsen! the!situation.!It!will!certainly!subject! human!beings!to!greater!indignities!and! inflict!greater!damage!on!the!natural! world,!it!will!probably!lead!to!greater! social!disruption!and!psychological! suffering,!and!it!may!lead!to!increased! physical!suffering!even!in!“advanced”! countries.![…]!We!therefore!advocate!a! revolution!against!the!industrial!system.! This!revolution!may!or!may!not!make! use!of!violence:!it!may!be!sudden!or!it! may!be!a!relatively!gradual!process! spanning!a!few!decades.!We!can't! predict!any!of!that.!But!we!do!outline!in! a!very!general!way!the!measures!that! those!who!hate!the!industrial!system! should!take!in!order!to!prepare!the!way! for!a!revolution!against!that!form!of! society.!This!is!not!to!be!a!political! revolution.!Its!object!will!be!to! overthrow!not!governments!but!the! economic!and!technological!basis!of!the! present!society.! % ! ! Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!2013! Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its. Future,!1995! ! ! INDIGENIUS!Adj!or!noun:!the!cosmic! mispronunciation!of!an!indigenous!elder! “We!must!defend!our!indigenius! culture”.!He!combined!into!one!word!the! “genius”!of!the!“indigenous”!ancient! cultures:!“indi;genius”!–!which!says!it!all.! (Watch!for!in!in!the!next!Oxford! Dictionary!)!Most!indigenous!people! have!been!trampled!by!colonial!cultures! and!therefore!they!have!lost!their! indigenius.confidence.!But!their! indigenius!knowledge!is!so!relevant!in! our!outaofabalance!planet. ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! INOCENCE!Toute!leur!étude!était!de!se! complaire!et!de!s’entraider.!Au!reste!ils! étaient!ignorants!comme!des!Créoles,!et! ne!savaient!ni!lire!ni!écrire.!Ils!ne! s’inquiétaient!pas!de!ce!qui!s’était!passé! dans!des!temps!reculés!et!loin!d’eux!;! leur!curiosité!ne!s’étendait!pas!auadelà! de!cette!montagne.!Ils!croyaient!que!le! monde!finissait!où!finissait!leur!île!;!et! ils!n’imaginaient!rien!d’aimable!où!ils! n’étaient!pas.!Leur!affection!mutuelle!et! celle!de!leurs!mères!occupaient!toute! l’activité!de!leurs!âmes.!Jamais!des! sciences!inutiles!n’avaient!fait!couler! leurs!larmes!;!jamais!les!leçons!d’une! triste!morale!ne!les!avaient!remplis! d’ennui.!Ils!ne!saavaient!pas!qu’il!ne!faut! pas!dérober,!tout!chez!eux!étant! commun!;!ni!être!intempérant,!ayant!à! discrétion!des!mets!simples!;!ni! menteur,!n’ayant!aucune!vérité!à! dissimuler.!On!ne!les!avait!jamais! effrayés!en!leur!disant!que!Dieu!réserve! des!punitions!terribles!aux!enfants! ingrats!;!chez!eux!l’amitié!filiale!était!née! de!l’amitié!maternelle.!On!ne!leur!avait! appris!de!la!religion!que!ce!qui!la!fait! aimer!;!et!s’ils!n’offraient!pas!à!l’église! de!longues!prières,!partout!où!ils! étaient,!dans!la!maison,!dans!les!champs,! dans!les!bois,!ils!levaient!vers!le!ciel!des! mains!innocentes!et!un!cœur!plein!de! l’amour!de!leurs!parents. the!film.!Mainly!as!a!tribute!of!respect!to! them!but!also!because!I!am!aware!of! how!difficult!it!is!to!condense!and! convey!their!ideas!without! misrepresenting!them. ! ! Joaquim!Pinto,!Director’s!note,!2013! ! ! INSTRUCTIONS % 1.!After!each!screening,!information!on! the!films!shown!will!be!handed!out!to! you;!2.!At!the!end!of!this!glossary,!you! will!find!a!place!to!put!the!film!notes!in! due!order;!3.!There,!with!the!tips!of!your! thumb!and!index!finger,!open!the!brass! fasteners!by!pressing!both!legs!inwards! until!they!meet!in!a!vertical!position,!as! your!fingers!join!each!other;! ! ! ! JacquesaHenri!Bernardin!de!Saint!Pierre,!Paul.et. Virginie,!1787! ! ! INSIDE%In!times!of!crisis!and!recession,! HIV!and!HCV!are!no!longer!priority! topics.!Unlike!recent!documentaries! about!HIV!and!HCV!with!an!approach! from!the!outside!that!I!could!describe!as! “compassionate”,!this!project!proposes!a! return!to!an!“insider”!reflection!for!more! general!questions,!in!keeping!with!the! works!produced!until!the!midaeighties! by!authors!who!assumed!their!condition! as!HIV!positive. Somehow!I!am!privileged.!I!don’t! depend!on!bosses,!I!don’t!have!to!hide! my!status,!I!have!access!to!medication.!I! am!alive!thanks!to!battles!in!which!I!was! not!the!protagonist!and!which!involved! interests,!governments,!investigators! and!the!pharmaceutical!industry. While!shooting,!I!became!aware!of!a! disturbing!phenomenon.!The!recent! growth!of!denialist!movements!that! state!that!HIV!does!not!cause!aids!or! even!that!HIV!does!not!exist,!and! aggressively!use!the!internet,!concerts! and!documentaries!to!spread!this! message.!They!manipulate!data!and! evidence!without!any!shame!and! misquote!declarations!from!scientists,! researchers!and!thinkers. I!interviewed!and!exchanged! information!with!doctors,!investigators! and!patients!in!similar!conditions.!I! decided!not!to!include!this!material!in! % % 4.!Then,!insert!the!punctured!sheet!and! close!the!brass!plated!fasteners!by! separating!the!legs!outwards,!until!they! return!to!their!original!horizontal! position;!5.!By!the!end!of!the!seminar,! you!will!have!the!complete!program. % ! ! % ! % INTERROGATION!D’où!vient! l’impression!d’étouffement!qu’on! éprouve!en!pensant!à!des!îles?!Où!aaton! pourtant!mieux!que!dans!une!île!l’air!du! large,!la!mer!libre!à!tous!les!horizons,!où! peutaon!mieux!vivre!dans!l’exaltation! physique? ! ! Jean!Grenie,!Les.Îles,!1933! ! ! ! ! 61 ! INVISÍVEL,%QUALQUER%COISA%DE% A!partir!dum!certo!momento,!a!tua! percepção!vaiase!afinando!pelo!que! muda!só,!e!por!muito!que!isso!seja! humano,!há!uma!coisa!muito!maior!que! o!humano,!que!é!a!luz,!que!é!a!água,!o! tempo,!se!chove,!se!não!chove,!ou!de! repente!uma!coisa!que!queima!e!que! produz!fumo,!de!repente!as!coisas! passam!a!ser!isso.!Isto,!e!em!paralelo…! há!qualquer!coisa!que!é!sempre! infilmável!por!natureza,!não!é?!No!fundo! qualquer!coisa!de!invisível,!não!há!uma! forma!de!filmar!isso,!mas!há!uma!forma! de!andar!à!volta,!e!de!comunicar!uma! outra!coisa,!por!um!outro!sistema!que!é! a!própria!sequência. % ! moving!across!a!vast!expanse!of!water! that!reached!from!one!piece!of!land!to! another. I!had!that!sense!of!floating!in!space! again!when!I!sat!at!night!on!woven!mats,! drinking!kava,!accompanied!by!ukulele! and!sweet!voices,!the!blackness! illuminated!only!by!a!few!kerosene! lamps,!in!traditional!houses!in!Fiji!and! on!the!island!of!Ureparapara,!where!we! made!Study.of.an.Island.!Perfect! happiness. The!islands!are!my!true!home,!thus!it!is! difficult!for!me!to!see!them!as!imagined! places,!except!in!the!fictional!accounts!of! others.!More!fantastic!than!my! imagination!is!the!reality!of!the!islands!I! know. Two!of!my!favourite!readings!about! islands!are!the!stories,!diaries!and! letters!written!by!Robert!Louis! Stevenson!in!the!South!Seas,!and!Isles!of! Illusion!–!Letters!from!the!South!Seas! from!Robert!Fletcher.!Both!concern!the! imagined!and!the!reality!of!the!South! Seas,!of!two!very!different!approaches!to! being!there!(in!fact,!Fletcher!cursed! Stevenson!for!having!written!stories! that!he!felt!misled!him).!My!fascination! is!with!moments!where!visions!of!utopia! are!challenged!by!the!world!as!it!is,!by! those!who!are!able!to!accept!and! welcome!that!experience,!or!even! glimpse!the!trueness!through!their! suffering. ! write!anything!at!all.!I!am!firmly! resolved!that!I!must!speedily!go!back!to! London.!I!want!health,!I!want!books.!I! want!music.!I!think!the!ideal!South!Sea! Island!must!be!left!as!a!beautiful!dream.! As!such!it!is!far,!far!more!beautiful!than! the!reality. ! ! Robert!Fletcher.!Isles.of.Illusion.–.Letters.from. the.South.Seas,!1912! ! ! ! ! André!Princípe,!“Uma!conversa!entre!André! Príncipe!e!Sandro!Aguilar”,!2012! ! ! ISLAND%BURGERS%&%SHAKES! A!Jamaican!inspired!burger!restaurant! in!New!York.!The!restaurant!is!very! small,!and!for!years!they!couldn’t!serve! french!fries!because!they!didn’t!have! enough!space!to!install!a!deep!fryer.! They!either!expanded!the!restaurant,!or! deep!fryers!have!become!smaller,! because!last!time!I!went!they!had!fries. ! ! ! ! Cynthia!Beatt,!2013! ! ! ISLES%OF%ILLUSION!November!10th!–! ! ! Pacho!Velez,!2013! ! ! ISLANDS%As!a!child!growing!up!on!the! island!of!Jamaica!I!imagined!all!places! were!islands,!situated!on!different!levels! in!the!sky,!rather!like!clouds,!each!with! some!sea!floating!around!them.!That! was!why!one!had!to!get!on!a!plane!and! fly!to!them.! Later,!as!I!travelled!to!Fiji!on!an!ocean! liner,!I!had!forgotten!this!notion.! Besides,!it!was!clear!by!the!time!I! arrived!in!the!islands!that!we!had!been! % 62 ! ! ! ! I!awoke!to!the!fact!that!all!the!letters!I! had!written!from!the!New!Hebrides!had! been!rather!dreadful.!I!seem!to!have!got! into!a!horribly!materialistic!Philistine! train!of!thought!and!my!letters!must! have!shown!you!my!frame!of!mind.!At! any!rate!they!were!a!faithful!reflection!of! my!actual!mental!state,!and!as!such!you! must!take!them!for!better!or!worse.!It!is! very!hard!in!the!life!I!live!to!be! impressed!with!anything!but!the!purely! material.!Remember!that!my!day!is!full! of!little!agricultural!worries.!My!mind!is! rarely,!if!ever,!used.!I!am!tormented!by! ill!health,!and!the!awful,!stifling,!damp! heat.!Altogether!it!is!a!wonder!that!I!can! ! ! ! 63 ! bombeiro,!agora!agricultor…!ou!um! espírito!da!floresta!de!um!Éden!formado! por!ele!próprio,!Joaquim!e!aqueles!que! os!mantêm!mais!“fortes!e!resistentes”,! os!cães!Rufus,!Zorra,!Bambi!e!Cookie,!ali! deitados!junto!ao!lago. JUMP!A!boy!in!his!trunks!sits!very! upright!against!a!rock!wall,!as!though!it! were!a!chair.!He!looks!at!us,!and!there!is! a!beginning!of!a!smile!on!his!face.! ! ! ! ! Vasco!Câmara,!“Com!o!vírus!na!intimidade”,! Ipsílon,!2013! % % JUNK%SPACES.The.Forgotten.Space.is!a! ! fascinating!study!of!what!Rem!Koolhaas! might!call!junk!spaces.!These!are!the! oversized,!sterile,!endlessly!multiplying! places!to!which!human!beings!are!cona demned!in!the!21st!century.!Koolhaas’s! junk!spaces!are!so!visible!as!to!be! commonplace,!like!big!ugly!airports.! Sekula!and!Burch,!by!contrast,!want!to! peel!back!the!curtain!and!take!us!places! we’re!afraid!to!look.!The!film’s!signature! scene!is!of!a!massive!container!ship,! quietly!plying!the!sea!to!the!amplified! sound!of!wind!and!waves.!No!human!life! is!visible!across!this!desolate!artificial! landscape!of!cubical!containers! differentiated!only!by!corporate!logos.!! ! JOAQUIM%E%NUNO!“Não!olhamos!da! mesma!forma”,!começa!por!dizer! Joaquim.!Separaaos,!por!exemplo,!o!facto! de!para!Joaquim!a!ideia!de!cinema!ser! “pegar!no!que!existe!e!com!isso! construir!qualquer!coisa”,!surpreendera se!com!o!que!não!viu!mas!que!o!acto!de! filmar!tornou!perceptível.!Qualquer! coisa!da!ordem!da!revelação.!Tem! dificuldade!em!aceitar!a!criação!a!partir! do!zero,!o!que,!na!sua!opinião,!é!mais!de! Nuno!Leonel,!que!vem!da!animação.! “Mas!estamos!em!sintonia.!Há!coisas!do! filme!que!não!consigo!dizer!quem!é!que! filmou.!E!nem!da!minha!parte!nem!da! parte!dele!havia!uma!ideia!consciente!de! enquadramentos!para!veicular!uma! ideia.!Foi!algo!que!passou!por!uma! escolha!entre!o!que!víamos!e!ouvíamos,! mais!do!que!por!haver!uma!vontade! expressa!de!fazer!assim!ou!assado.” Alguns!dos!planos!mais!misteriosos!–! talvez!aquele!com!o!Cristo!–!são!de! Nuno.!Qualquer!coisa!da!ordem!da! assombração.!“Não!tinha!um!propósito”,! diz!Nuno.!A!não!ser!continuar!uma!luta! de!ideias!com!Joaquim,!sobre!Cristo,! % 64 ! Deus,!a!crença.!Nuno!é!crente,!mas!não! religioso,!Cristo!bastaalhe.!Joaquim!diz! que!ele!sabe!a!Bíblia!de!cor.!“Todo!este! processo!aproximouanos.!Ao!contrário! de!outras!relações!que!vão!em! decrescendo,!a!nossa!não”,!diz!Nuno.!E. Agora?.é!um!diálogo!silencioso!entre!os! dois,!prolongando!as!conversas!que! mantêm!ao!vivo.!Para!Joaquim!foi!uma! iniciação.!Não!é!que!tenha!partido!do! ponto!de!cepticismo;!mas!percebeu,! sobre!a!palavra!de!Cristo,!que!“para! além!daquilo!que!nos!é!transmitido,!e! tendo!em!conta!os!erros!de!tradução!e! de!transmissão!ao!longo!dos!séculos,!há! qualquer!coisa!que!passa;!que!há!uma! espécie!de!conjugação!entre!a! informação,!a!forma!e!o!ritmo;!que!é!a! própria!experiência!de!aceder,!como!se! de!uma!obra!musical!se!tratasse,!e!que! nos!atinge!directamente”. Atingeanos!o!sorriso!de!Nuno,!que,! desconfiando!da!linguagem,!é!um! amoroso!do!trabalho!e!dos!gestos!–!e!um! conquistadoranato.!Confessaase!com! vocação!para!a!dispersão:!DJ,!músico,! realizador!de!animação,!mergulhador,! Joshua.K..Leon,.“Spaces.on.Capital”,. brooklynrail.org,!2012! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 65 ! in!a!numeric!code.!Also!found!was!a! library!of!257!books,!and!a!bomb!similar! to!the!last!two!deadly!ones.!At!the! beginning!of!December!his!cabin!was! taken!into!evidence!and!moved!to!a!FBI! warehouse!at!Mather!Field!near! Sacramento.!In!November!1997!jury! selection!began.!On!January!8,!1998!Ted! asked!permission!of!the!court!to!fire!his! lawyers!and!represent!himself.!He! disagreed!with!their!insanity!defense.! Judge!Garland!Burrell!Jr.!denied!his! request.!Twelve!days!later!Ted!took!a! plea.!His!trial!never!happened.!On!May! 4,!1998!he!was!sentenced!to!life!in! prison!with!no!possibility!of!parole.!Ted! is!incarcerated!at!the!Federal!Supermax! Facility!near!Florence,!Colorado.!He!is! prisoner!04475a046. % ! James!Benning,!“Twelve!people”,.(FC).Two. Cabins.by.JB,!2011! ! ! KNOWLEDGE!I!think!the!Azores!must! ! KACZYNSKI,%THEODORE%JOHN!was! born!in!Chicago!on!May!22,!1942.![…]!He! graduated!in!1958!just!before!his! sixteenth!birthday!and!entered!Harvard! University!on!an!academic!scholarship! […].!As!a!sophomore!he!was!chosen!for!a! series!of!psychological!experiments! conducted!by!Dr.!Henry!Murray!who! was!funded!by!the!CIA.!Ted!was!the! youngest!and!poorest!of!the!twentyatwo! students!selected.!He!was!paid!to! participate,!and!Murray!assigned!him! the!code!name!Lawful.!The!experiments! lasted!three!years.!Later!they!were! found!to!be!deceitful,!abusive,!and!in! violation!of!the!Nuremberg!Code.!Ted! graduated!from!Harvard!in!1962.!Five! years!later!he!received!a!PhD!in! mathematics!from!the!University!of! Michigan.!His!doctorial!dissertation!on! geometric!function!theory!was!so! advanced!it!had!to!be!evaluated!by!an! outside!committee.!In1967,!Ted!began! teaching!mathematics!at!the!University! of!California!at!Berkeley.!Two!years!later! he!abruptly!resigned!and!began!to!write! a!journal.![…]!In!spring!1971!he!and!his! 66 ! brother!David!moved!to!Great!Falls,! Montana!and!bought!1.4!acres!of!land! four!miles!south!of!Lincoln.!On!June!19,! 1971!Ted!dug!a!root!cellar!and!began!to! construct!a!cabin.!In!fall!1972!he!left!for! Salt!Lake!City!to!work!as!a!carpenter’s! helper.![…]!He!returned!to!his!cabin!the! next!June.![…]!In!spring!1978!he!made! his!first!bomb.![…]!In!June!1995,!Ted! sent!the!New!York!Times,!the! Washington!Post,!and!Penthouse! magazine!a!text!entitled!“Industrial! Society!and!Its!Future.”!It!was!signed!FC.! An!accompanying!letter!promised!the! killing!would!stop!if!the!text!would!be! published.!The!FBI!thought!FC!might! mean!Fuck!Computers.!On!September! 19,!1995!the!Washington!Post!in! collaboration!with!the!New!York!Times! published!all!35,000!words!of!the!text.! Ted’s!brother!recognized!the!writing! and!in!mid!February!1996!alerted!the! FBI.!Ted!was!arrested!outside!of!his! cabin!on!the!morning!of!April!3,!1996.! His!personal!journal!was!found!inside.!It! was!thousands!of!pages!long,!written! first!in!English,!then!Spanish,!and!finally! be!very!little!known!in!America.!Out!of! our!whole!ship's!company!there!was!not! a!solitary!individual!who!knew!anything! whatever!about!them.!Some!of!the!party,! well!read!concerning!most!other!lands,! had!no!other!information!about!the! Azores!than!that!they!were!a!group!of! nine!or!ten!small!islands!far!out!in!the! Atlantic,!something!more!than!half!way! between!New!York!and!Gibraltar.!That! was!all.!These!considerations!move!me! to!put!in!a!paragraph!of!dry!facts!just! here. ! ! Mark!Twain,!The.Innocents.Abroad,!1869!! ! ! KRADAK,!one!of!the!Isles!of!Wisdom!in! the!north!Pacific.!Like!most!of!the! archipelago,!Kradak!has!its!distinctive! culture,!largely!based!on!ideas!imported! from!the!outside!world!via!books.! Kradak!has!no!national!dress,!no!typical! style!and!no!concern!for!fashion.!Clothes! from!various!cultures!are!simply! combined!to!suit!the!taste!of!the! individual.!Men!can!be!seen!wearing! leather!aprons,!painted!frills!and!shiny! top!hats,!while!many!of!the!younger! women!combine!the!garments!typical!of! a!nurse,!a!cocotte!and!a!peasant!girl!in!a! curious!but!pleasing!ensemble.! ! ! ! ! ! The!main!occupation!of!the!inhabitants! of!Kradak!is!the!search!for!pleasure,!and! this!has!led!to!Kradak’s!being! nicknamed!“the!Island!of!Perversions.”! The!‘connection!between!pain!and!pleaa sure,!between!orgasm!and!suffering,!has! been!widely!explored!on!the!island!and! large!numbers!of!Kradakians!have! embraced!the!doctrine!of!masochism.! No!obstacles!are!placed!in!the!way!of! any!tendenciesasexual,!or!otherwiseathat! may!develop!and!no!whim!or!perversion! is!specifically!forbidden!or!encouraged! by!law.!Visitors!may,!therefore,!spend! their!time!lying!on!a!bed!of!nails,!being! clobbered!by!a!stout!Valkyrie!or!reading! long!passages!of!Thomas!Hardy!for!days! on!end.! The!culture!of!the!island!is!designed!to! translate!the!lawlessness!of!nature!into! the!relations!established!between!men! and!to!free!the!individual!by! encouraging!the!greatest!possible! number!of!varieties!of!thought!and! feelings.!An!Institute!of!Deserving! Savants!is!maintained!at!public!expense! to!widen!people’s!outlook!and!to!find! new!modes!of!thought.!Particularly! original!and!successful!research!is! usually!rewarded!by!a!good!whipping.! The!most!abnormal!or!unusual! individuals!are!chosen!by!the!Ministry!of! Selection!and!sent!to!the!offshore!island! of!Gulliu!to!breed.!Their!children!are! carefully!sifted!for!abnormalities!and,!if! suitable,!are!sent!to!another!small!islet! to!develop!their!tendencies.!It!is!hoped! that!this!process!will!eventually!create!a! new!type!of!man,!with!highly!adaptable! powers!of!coaordination!in!both!thought! and!feelingaa!man!free!from!the!normal! constraints!of!logical!thought.!To!this! end,!a!flexible!system!of!numerals!has! already!been!introduced.!In!this!system,! any!given!numeral!can!take!on!the!value! of!any!other!given!numeral,!so!that!two! plus!two!can!be!made!to!equal!five! without!any!difficulty!at!all.!As!many! travellers!know!only!too!well,!similar! results!have!been!obtained,!using!other! methods,!in!places!such!as!Argentina,! Iran,!Chile,!Czechoslovakia!and!Butua.! Food!on!Kradak!may!strike!the! inexperienced!traveller!as!odd:! ! ! ! 67 ! inexhaustible!combinations!of!ina gredients!give!variety!to!the!sense!of! taste.!Goat’s!cheese!served!with!sardines! roasted!on!the!spit;!cow’s!tongue!coated! in!vanilla;!truilled!coffee!accompanied! by!pickled!cucumber;!these!are!some!of! the!delicacies!the!visitor!must!prepare! his!palate!for.!One!of!the!more!common! dishes!served!on!Kradak!is!scented!and! carefully!prepared!salad!made!of!the! leaves!of!the!coca!plant;!the!cocaine!in! the!leaves!is!greatly!appreciated!as!a! stimulant!for!its!hallucinogenic!effect.! For!travellers!in!the!habit!of!smoking,!it! is!useful!to!bear!in!mind!that!the! cigarettes!smoked!on!the!island!contain! comparatively!little!tobacco:!additives! include!henbane,!hemlock,!dandelion,! squill!and!daem!(these!last!named!are! narcotics,!similar!in!their!effect!to!the! more!usual!nicotine).!Visitors!may!wish! to!bring!with!them!a!supply!of!their!own! brand!to!avoid!possible!addiction.! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–! Alexander!Moszkowski,!Die.Inseln.der.Weisheit,. Geschichte.einer.abenteuerlichen. Entdeckungsfahrt,!Berlin,!1922!! ! ! KULTUR%LAHAR!Metaphor:.Lahar! (Indonesian!word),!volcanic!debris!that! blankets!the!onceacolorful!landscape,! homogenizing!the!interesting!contours! of!valleys,!rivers,!forests!into!one! boringagrey!desert.!Apply!that!image!to! the!global!diversity!of!tribal!village! architectures,!indigenous!planting/! harvesting!customs,!spiritual!landscapes! and!their!deities.!The!volcanic!debris!of! S!+!V!=!P!movies!is!flattening!the! contours!of!world!cultures!into!one! plainagrey!plateau!of!Hollywood!kultur.–. sensationalist!and!materialistic.!And!yes,! insatiable.! ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! ! ! L.I.B.HR.T.Y.%Acronym:!since!the! 1980’s,!the!mediaaliteracy!campaign!of! Kidlat!Tahimik!(Filipino!Filmmaker)!to! check!idiotic!content!of!TV:!Limit!Idiot! Box!HouRs!–!Thank!You.!What’s!their! battle!cry?!“Gimme.L.I.B.HR.T.Y..–.or. gimme.death!”! % ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! LANDSCAPE!Ben!and!I!have!been! friends!now!for!many!years,!and!in!2009! toured!with!a!program!of!our!films! called!We.Cannot.Exist.In.This.World. Alone.!The!program!explored!the! overlapping!themes!in!our!work,!and! instigated!discussion!about!making! something!together.!Our!films!are! formally!pretty!different,!so!it!seemed! like!an!exciting!idea!to!push!each!other! out!of!our!ways!of!working.!In!the! earliest!stages!we!talked!about!the! sublime,!and!what!it!means!to!live! within!that!kind!of!landscape.!We!were! particularly!interested!in!Norway,!as!a! landscape!of!outaofacontrol!beauty!that! spawned!Black!Metal!and!Viking!rea enactors.!What!is!it!about!this!landscape! 68 ! ! ! ! that!encourages!a!desire!to!revisit!prea Christian!pagan!ways!of!being? From! here!we!thought!about!a!character!who! might!be!searching!for!different!ways!of! existing!in!this!sublime!landscape,!and! quickly!decided!upon!the!threeapart! structure!of!COMMUNE,!SOLITUDE,!and! BLACK!METAL,!and!we!imagined!these! things!happening!in!any!order.!There! wasn’t!an!answer!or!hierarchy!among! these!attempts!at!achieving!some!kind!of! utopian!moment.!We!already!had!the! title,!so!we!knew!we!were!also!thinking! about!magic.!So!three!was!an!obvious! choice!for!the!number!of!different!ways! of!being!we!wanted!to!explore.!After! some!unexpected!shenanigans!we! extended!our!locations!beyond!Norway! to!include!Finland!and!Estonia,!which! turned!out!to!be!crucial!to!the! development!of!the!film. ! ! ! Ben!Rivers!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,! Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! ! ! LIBERTY!My!Island!was!now!peopled,! and!I!thought!my!self!very!rich!in! Subjects;!and!it!was!a!merry!Reflection! 69 ! which!I!frequently!made,!How!like!a! King!I!look'd.!First!of!all,!the!whole! Country!was!my!own!meer!Property;!so! that!I!had!an!undoubted!Right!of! Dominion.!2dly,!My!People!were! perfectly!subjected:!I!was!absolute!Lord! and!Lawagiver;!they!all!owed!their!Lives! to!me,!and!were!ready!to!lay!down!their! Lives,!if.there.had.been.Occasion.of.it,!for! me.!It!was!remarkable!too,!we!had!but! three!Subjects,!and!they!were!of!three! different!Religions.!My!Man!Friday!was!a! Protestant,!his!Father!was!a!Pagan!and!a! Cannibal,!and!the!Spaniard!was!a!Papist:! However,!I!allow'd!Liberty!of!Conscience! throughout!my!Dominions:!But!this!is!by! the!Way. him.!We!guess!there!is!a!door!of!the!left,! because!sunshine!enters!the!room,! bringing!in!a!triangle!of!light. ! ! ! Daniel!Defoe,!Robinson.Crusoe,!1719! ! ! LIFE!I!went!to!the!woods!because!I! wished!to!live!deliberately,!to!front!only! the!essential!facts!of!life,!and!see!if!I! could!not!learn!what!it!had!to!teach,!and! not,!when!I!came!to!die,!discover!that!I! had!not!lived.!I!did!not!wish!to!live!what! was!not!life,!living!is!so!dear;!nor!did!I! wish!to!practise!resignation,!unless!it! was!quite!necessary.!I!wanted!to!live! deep!and!suck!out!all!the!marrow!of!life,! to!live!so!sturdily!and!Spartanalike!as!to! put!to!rout!all!that!was!not!life,!to!cut!a! broad!swath!and!shave!close,!to!drive! life!into!a!corner,!and!reduce!it!to!its! lowest!terms,!and,!if!it!proved!to!be! mean,!why!then!to!get!the!whole!and! genuine!meanness!of!it,!and!publish!its! meanness!to!the!world;!or!if!it!were! sublime,!to!know!it!by!experience,!and! be!able!to!give!a!true!account!of!it!in!my! next!excursion.!For!most!men,!it!appears! to!me,!are!in!a!strange!uncertainty!about! it,!whether!it!is!of!the!devil!or!of!God,! and!have!somewhat!hastily!concluded! that!it!is!the!chief!end!of!man!here!to! “glorify!God!and!enjoy!him!forever.” ! ! Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854! ! ! ! ! ! LIMITES%Fui!convidado!pela!DAAD,!a! bolsa!para!artistas!visitantes,!que!era! uma!estratégia!da!Guerra!Fria!para! assegurar!que!Berlim!não!ficasse! demasiado!isolada!e!tivesse!uma!vida! cultural!viva!(e!suponho!que!antia comunista).!Vivi!lá!um!ano!e!recebi!uma! encomenda!para!um!filme!de!uma!hora! sobre!qualquer!coisa,!um!planoa sequência!de!uma!hora.!No!início!nem! questionei!o!problema!do!filme!de!uma! hora.!Pensei!que!era!principalmente!a! questão!do!contexto.!Essa!foi!a!lição!de! Route.One,!por!exemplo,!e!de!Maquette:! tudo!depende!da!situação!ser! suficientemente!rica!para!se!ter!algo! com!que!se!trabalhar.!Depois,!se!se!é! vivo,!inteligente,!e!presente,!conseguease! retirar!algo!da!situação,!porque!tudo! reflecte!tudo.!Não!importa,!desde!que! todos!esses!elementos!lá!estejam.! Podemos!descobrialos!e!viráalos!uns! contra!os!outros,!de!forma!a!fazer! explodir!muitos!sentimentos,!ideias!e! informação.! É!verdade!que!foi!uma!das!experiências! de!laboratório!mais!interessantes!que! alguma!vez!tive.!Confirma!o!incrível! impacto,!potencialmente!criativo,!de! uma!encomenda,!em!especial!se!o! commanditaire!também!nos!dá! liberdade!dentro!de!certos!limites.!! % LIGHT!A!room!with!bare!walls.!A!man! is!sitting!in!the!corner,!at!a!small!table! with!two!seats.!He!seems!too!big!for!the! table!or!the!table!too!small!for!him.!His! back!is!slightly!curved,!legs!crossed.!He! is!dressed!in!dark!clothes!and!wearing! sneakers.!There!is!a!laptop!in!front!of! 70 ! ! ! ! A!verdade!é!que!sempre!estive!à!espera! da!pancada!na!porta.!Tudo!o!que! descrevi!sobre!a!forma!como!gosto!de! trabalhar!e!sobre!o!aparecimento!de! elementos!surpreendentes,!inesperados! ou!difíceis,!e!a!necessidade!de!me! adaptar!a!eles!e!tentar!encontrar! maneira!de!não!apenas!os!ultrapassar! mas!de!os!integrar!no!que!se!está!a! desenvolver…!Nas!filmagens,!a!pancada! da!encomenda!na!porta!é!uma!das!coisas! mais!interessantes!e!excitantes.!Muitas! vezes!é!um!convite!para!pensar!de!uma! forma!completamente!nova!numa!nova! área.!Berlim!foi!isso.!Foi!o!que!eu!achei,! numa!vida!que!tivera!sempre!muita,! demasiada,!liberdade.!Nem!sequer!foi! necessariamente!uma!restrição,!mas!um! meio!de!me!concentrar!em!algo!que! requeria!que!trabalhasse!ainda!mais,! assim!que!tivesse!a!certeza!que!já!tinha! material!com!que!trabalhar. ! ! Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard! Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer. (Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997! ! ! LONG%TAKES!Rather!than!fixating!on! “issues”!or!extraordinary!events,!in!my! films!I!have!been!interested!in!how!a! person’s!presence!could!be!evinced! through!subtle!movements!and! expressions,!and!perhaps!in!conveying!a! sense!of!“realness”!or!personhood!that! could!unsettle!presumptions!about! cultural!or!racial!difference!and!the! inequalities!they!perpetuate.!I!hope!that,! if!my!previous!films!are!about!anything,! they!are!about!something!basic!about! experience!itself,!what!it!feels!like!to! linger!in!a!place!with!people!over!time.! For!this!reason,!I!favored!rambling! conversations!to!interviews,!and!shots! that!loiter!with!their!subjects,!allowing! the!shots!to!develop!internally!as!well!as! within!in!the!larger!structure!of!the!film.! An!implied!subject!in!many!of!my!films! is!time!itself,!and!how!its!texture!varies! as!it!unfolds!over!the!duration!of!the! moving!image!and!in!our!lives.!For!this! reason,!I!have!always!been!interested!in! long!takes!and!duration.! ! ! LINKwww.youtube.com/watch?v=! Cn8Pua!5rhj4! ! ! LONELINESS!I!have!a!great!deal!of! company!in!my!house;!especially!in!the! morning,!when!nobody!calls.!Let!me! suggest!a!few!comparisons,!that!some! one!may!convey!an!idea!of!my!situation.! I!am!no!more!lonely!than!the!loon!in!the! pond!that!laughs!out!loud,!or!than!Wala den!Pond!itself.!What!company!has!that! lonely!lake,!I!pray?!And!yet!it!has!not!the! blue!devils,!but!the!blue!angels!in!it,!in! the!azure!tint!of!its!waters.!The!sun!is! alone,!except!in!thick!weather,!when! there!sometimes!appear!to!be!two,!but! one!is!a!mock!sun.!God!is!alone,!–!but!the! devil,!he!is!far!from!being!alone;!he!sees! a!great!deal!of!company;!he!is!legion.!I! am!no!more!lonely!than!a!single!mullein! or!dandelion!in!a!pasture,!or!a!bean!leaf,! or!sorrel,!or!a!horseafly,!or!a!bumblebee.! I!am!no!more!lonely!than!the!Mill!Brook,! or!a!weathercock,!or!the!north!star,!or! the!south!wind,!or!an!April!shower,!or!a! January!thaw,!or!the!first!spider!in!a!new! house. ! ! Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854! ! ! ! Stephanie!Spray,!interviewed!by!Lucien! CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!2013! ! ! LOOKING!Benning!has!long!been! concerned!in!his!filmmaking!with! “landscape!as!a!function!of!time.”!He! regards!looking!as!method,!form,!and! subject.!In!the!late!nineties,!during!a! teaching!residency!in!Korea,!he!went! searching!for!something!to!read!and! found!that!the!library!at!hand!contained! few!English!books.!It!was!then!that!he! read!Walden.!When!he!started!teaching! a!class!called!“Looking!and!Listening”!a! few!years!later,!he!read!the!book!again! and!further!recognized!his!affinity!with! Thoreau!in!this!passage:!“No!method! nor!discipline!can!supersede!the! necessity!of!being!forever!on!the!alert.! What!is!a!course!of!history,!or! philosophy,!or!poetry,!no!matter!how! well!selected,!or!the!best!society,!or!the! most!admirable!routine!of!life,! compared!with!the!discipline!of!looking! at!what!is!to!be!seen?” Benning’s!awareness!of!Kaczynski!was! also!kindled!through!reading,!having! come!across!Industrial.Society.and.Its. Future,!aka!the!Unabomber!Manifesto,! ! 71 ! when!it!was!initially!published!in!1995.! He!was!interested!in!its!author!“before!I! knew!it!was!Kaczynski,!when!the! bombings!were!happening!and!they! seemed!somewhat!random.!Then!finally! the!FBI!concluded!that!it!was!about! technology!and!airplanes.!Once!he!was! arrested!and!was!immediately!painted! as!this!weird!fellow,!I!questioned!who! he!really!was.!Whenever!the!media! makes!someone!look!so!different!than! what!they!probably!are,!I!get! interested.” More!than!a!decade!later,!his!curiosity! was!reawakened!when!he!read!that!the! cabin!Kaczynski!built!in!1971!was! modeled!after!Thoreau’s.!On!a!plane!en! route!to!a!conference!about!nature!the! week!before!“digging!in!the!dirt,”! Benning!reread!the!manifesto!and!found! it!both!“enlightening!and!totally!crazy;!it! made!me!see!everything!different.” ! ! ! Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,! 2011! ! ! LOTUS,%MANGEURS%DE,!île!perdue! sur!les!flots!de!la!Méditerranée.!Elle! possède!des!montagnes!enneigées,!et!de! nombreux!cours!d’eau!qui!tombent!en! cascade!dans!une!vallée!verdoyante.! Des!pins,!des!palmiers,!des!pommiers,! des!acanthes,!de!la!myrrhe,!des!mousses,! du!lierre,!des!coquelicots!et!une!herbe! magique!appelée!“moly”!poussent! partout!dans!l’île.!De!nombreux!lotus! s’épanouissent,!colorant!les!collines!et!le! pays!plat.!La!côte!de!sable!jaune!est! balayée!par!une!brise!semblable!aux! soupirs!du!rêveur!profondément! endormi,!et!l’heure!de!la!journée!est! toujours!arrêtée!au!milieu!de!l’aprèsa midi.!L’île!est!habitée!par!des!indigènes.! Les!lotus!dont!ils!se!nourrissent!leur! épargnent!les!soucis!des!mortels.! Généreux,!ils!offrent!ces!plantes!à!tout! visiteur!qui!partage!leur!table.!Il!vous! suffira!donc!de!goûter!à!ce!mets!pour! que!s’évanouisse!en!vous!tout!désir!de! retourner!au!pays,!autrement!que!de! force.!Il!vous!semblera!alors!que!la!côte! devient!lointaine,!les!voix!de!vos! compagnons!distantes,!comme!venues! d’outreatombe!;!vous!vous!endormirez! tout!éveillé,!et!vous!entendrez!le!son! ! 72 ! ! ! ! d’une!étrange!musique!sans!reconnaître! les!battements!de!votre!propre!cœur.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Homère,! Odyssée,!IXeaVIIIe!siècle!av.!J.aC.;!Alfred,!Lord! Tennyson,!“The!Eaters”,!in!Poems,!Londres!1833! ! ! LUGGNAGG,!a!large!island,!about!one! hundred!leagues!to!the!southaeast!of! Japan,!one!of!its!major!trading!partners.! Ships!sail!to!Japan!from!Clumegnig,!a! major!port!on!the!southaeast!coast.! There!are!also!ships!to!Glubbdubdrib.! The!capital!is!Traldragdub,!also!known! as!Trildrogdrib.! Luggnagg!is!known!for!its!hospitality!to! strangers,!who!are!often!lodged!at!State! expense.!An!invitation!to!courta expressed!as!“You!may!have!the!honour! to!lick!the!dust!before!the!king’s! footstool”ashould!be!taken!quite! literally.!Upon!admittance!to!the!throne! room!the!traveller!should!crawl!forward! on!the!belly,!licking!the!floor!as!he! advances.!When!foreigners!are!called!to! court,!precautions!are!taken!to!ensure! that!the!dust!on!the!floor!is!not!too! offensive.!However,!if!an!ordinary! statesman!has!powerful!enemies!at! court,!he!may!find!the!floor!so!covered! with!dust!that!by!the!time!he!reaches!the! throne!he!has!almost!choked!to!death! and!is!unable!to!speak.!As!it!is!a!capital! offence!for!anyone!to!spit!or!wipe!his! mouth!in!the!presence!of!the!king,! executions!are!carried!out!by!having!the! floor!strewn!with!a!dark!poison!which! kills!within!twentyafour!hours.!But!to!do! justice!to!the!king’s!clemencyaand!to! dispel!any!fears!new!visitors!may!havea it!must!be!added!that!the!infected!areas! are!carefully!washed!and!scrubbed!after! such!executions.! On!coming!within!four!yards!of!the! throne,!the!visitor!must!kneel!and!strike! his!forehead!seven!times!against!the! ground,!pronouncing!the!formula! “Ickpling.gloffihrobb.squutserumm.blhiop. mlashnalt.zwin.tnodbalkgufJh.slhiophad. gurdlubh.asht,!“!which!can!be!translated! as!“May!your!Celestial!Majesty!outlive! the!sun,!eleven!moons!and!a!half”! Luggnagg!is!perhaps!best!known,! though,!for!its!Struldbruggs,!or! “immortals.”!Children!are!occasionally! ! born!with!a!red!circular!spot!just!above! their!left!eyebrow.!According!to! Luggnaggians,!this!is!a!sign!that!they!will! never!die.!By!the!time!the!child!is!twelve! the!spot!has!grown!larger!and!has! turned!green.!At!twentyafive!it!darkens.! At!fortyafive!it!becomes!coal!black!and!is! the!size!of!a!shilling.!It!will!not!change! again.!There!are!about!eleven!hundred! such!immortals!in!the!country.!There! does!not!appear!to!be!any!explanation! for!the!Struldbruggs’!appearance!and!the! condition!is!not!hereditary.!Sadly,! although!they!do!not!die,!neither!do!they! enjoy!perpetual!youth!–!undergoing,! instead,!the!normal!process!of!ageing.!By! the!time!they!are!eighty,!they!have!all! the!infirmities!of!old!age,!but!are!faced! with!the!dreary!prospect!of!living! forever.!At!this!age,!too,!they!are!legally! regarded!as!dead.!Their!heirs!succeed!to! their!estates!and!they!may!no!longer! purchase!lands!or!act!as!witnesses!in! trials.!Only!a!pittance!is!reserved!for! them,!and!the!penniless!immortals!are! supported!by!the!State.!Perhaps!the! worst!aspect!of!their!condition!is!that,!as! the!language!of!Luggnagg!changes! frequently,!they!eventually!become! incapable!of!communicating!with! anyone!and!live!as!foreigners!in!their! own!country.! The!Struldbruggs!are!despised!and!hated! by!the!population!and!their!birth!is! regarded!as!an!ominous!sign.!Those!who! marry!another!immortal!have!their! marriages!dissolved!by!law!at!the!age!of! eighty,!because!it!is!considered! unreasonable!that!those!who,!through! no!fault!of!their!own,!are!burdened!with! eternal!life,!should!have!the!double! burden!of!an!eternal!spouse.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jonathan! Swift,!Travels.Into.Several.Remote.Nations.Of.The. World..In.Four.Parts..By.Lemuel.Gulliver,.First.a. Surgeon,.and.then.a.Captain.of.several.Ships,! London,!1726! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 73 ! of!the!Manakamana!cable!car!also!runs! parallel!to!the!spool!of!film!as!it!is! exposed!to!light. Pacho!Velez:!Film!is!beautiful.!And! messy!in!just!the!right!ways.!A!clean,! crisp!digital!image!would!have!felt! incongruous.!It!would!have!allied!the! film’s!aesthetics!with!the!engineers!who! designed!the!cable!car!instead!of!the! locals!who!use!it.!Also,!both!motion! picture!cameras!and!cable!cars!are! machines!that!measure!time!through! movement.!And!both!propel!images!past! our!eyes.! ! ! Stephanie!Spray!and!Pacho!Velez,!interviewed! by!Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,! 2013! ! ! MAGIC!To!a!very!real!extent,!our! ! MAGADAN%Le!leitmotiv,!véritablement! conventionnel!ou!plutôt!reconnaissable,! de!ce!message,!est!la!ballade!de!Vladimir! Vissotski!à!propos!de!Magadan,!le!but! final!du!voyage.!Dans!cette!chanson,!il! est!dit!clairement!que,!personne!ne!part! pour!ce!voyage!sans!raison.!L’unique! raison!de!voyager!jusqu’à!Magadan! résidait,!pendant!des!décennies,!dans!le! fait!d’y!avoir!été!envoyé!en!exil,!en!camp! de!travail!ou!à!la!mort.!Vissotski,!le! Serge!Gainsbourg!russe!met!l’accent,! avec!sa!chanson!sur!Magadan,!sur!le! terrorisme!d’état!stalinien,!qui!coûta!la! vie!à!des!millions!de!personnes!et!qui! demeura!tabou!jusqu’à!la!fin!de!l’union! soviétique.!Alors!que!Rey!réalisa! apparemment!sans!raison!le!voyage!vers! Magadan,!il!endossa!les!erreurs! personnelles,!et!aussi!celles!de!ses! parents!et!grandaparents.! D’innombrables!intellectuels!de!gauche! ont!de!leur!confortable!observatoire!de! la!consommation!idéalisé!avec! véhémence!l’Union!soviétique.!Rey!a! pris!ça!sur!lui!pour!visiter!au!moins!les! ruines!de!la!promesse.!Son!film!est!avant! 74 ! tout!un!Requiem!:!un!colossal,!en!même! temps!qu’un!important!Requiem!privé! sur!cette!utopie!collective.!Ce!n’est!pas! un!hasard!s’il!est!passé!sur!sa!route! d’ouest!en!est!aux!environs!de! Tchernobyl.!L’explosion!du!réacteur! nucléaire,!l’année!de!la!mort!de! Tarkovski,!a!des!correspondances!avec! l’ancienne!profession!de!Rey.!Elle!existe! surtout!comme!une!métaphore!macabre! de!la!promesse!de!bonheur!pervertie,! dans!la!création!d’un!paradis!terrestre! issu!de!la!mise!en!relation!de!la! puissance!du!peuple!et!de!l’énergie! électrique.!Les!conséquences!sont! connues. % ! Claus!Löser,!Kino;Dienst,!2002. ! ! MAGAZINE%OF%16MM!Stephanie! Spray:!We!chose!to!shoot!on!film!not! only!for!aesthetic!reasons,!but!because!it! lends!structural!integrity!to!our! commitment!to!filming!the!full!duration! of!rides!on!the!cable!car.!The!time!that! elapses!over!a!400’!magazine!of!16!mm! film!is!roughly!how!long!it!takes!for!a! ride!up!or!down!the!mountain.!The!cable! subjects’!positions!are!mirrors!to!our! own!efforts!at!finding!a!way!forward! through!an!increasingly!messy!and! cynical!European!worldview.!How!and! where!can!we!locate!meaning!in!a!posta postmodern,!postautopian,!posta religious!(but!still!spiritual)!space?!We! were!drawn!towards!subjects!who! approached!these!awkward!and! cumbersome!topics!in!their!own!lives,!in! their!own!practices;!we!ended!up! choosing!to!work!with!humans!whose! political!and!social!and!cultural! perspectives!were!in!fact!directly! informed!by!their!own!inquiries!into! some!sort!of!deeper!meaning.!This!is! magic,!this!is!transcendence,!this!is!the! utopian!possibility!of!collective!energy.! […]!In!spite!of!their!varied!national! backgrounds,!our!subjects!all!seemed!to! share!in!a!kind!of!dark!optimism—one! that!saw!brightness!and!possibility!in! the!sad!chaos!of!global!capitalism.!It’s! perhaps!a!bit!clichéd!to!say!as!much,!but! there!is!a!radical!kind!of!magic!in!all!of! this. ! ! Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,! Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! ! ! MAÏNA,!a!small!island!in!the!Pacific,! rich!in!minerals!and!rubber!plantations.! Maïna!is!inhabited!by!two!tribes,!the! Articoles!and!the!Beos.!The!Articoles!are! descendants!of!the!island’s!first!inhabia tant!–!the!novelist!Anthony!Scott,!author! ! ! ! of!The.Dark.Sex.–who!bought!Mama! from!the!Dutch!government!in!1861.! The!Beos!are!the!descendants!of!the! servants!Scott!brought!with!him.! The!Articoles!are!writers,!painters,! sculptors!and!musicians!who!live!only! for!their!artistic!creations.!They!are! looked!after!by!the!Beos,!whose!sole! pleasure!consists!of!tending!to!the! Articoles!–!to!whom!they!offer! everything,!including!their!own!women.! Even!when!they!cannot!create,!the! Articoles!create.!A!famous!Articole! writer,!Routchko,!published!an! interesting!confession,!some!16,900! pages!long,!entitled!Why.I.Cannot.Write.! According!to!the!Articoles,!every!subject,! every!experience,!deserves!to!be! expressed!as!a!form!of!art.!Thus,!an! Articole!will!publish!not!only!his!Inti; mate.Journal,!but!also!his!Journal.of.My. Intimate.Journal;!and!his!wife!will! publish!the!Journal.of.My.Husband’s. Journal.of.His.Intimate.Journal.!In!recent! times,!publishers!addicted!to!the! Bloomsbury!faith!have!wholeheartedly! subscribed!to!this!Articole!creed.! Because!art!and!life!are!synonymous!for! the!Articoles,!actors!must!be!taken!by! the!rest!of!their!countrymen!for!the! roles!they!represent.!A!certain!actress,! whose!servant!had!forgotten!to!change! her!name!on!her!dressingaroom!door!for! that!of!the!character!she!was!going!to! portray,!entered!the!stage!as!her!real! self!and!caused!a!commotion!of!national! proportions. Visitors!are!well!treated.!They!are! lodged!in!a!fiveastar!hotel,!the! Psycharium,!where!they!are!studied!by! the!Articoles,!who!try!in!this!manner!to! increase!their!knowledge!of!human! passions!(which!they!lack)!so!as!to!use! them!in!their!next!oeuvre.d’art. ! ! ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Andre! Maurois,!Voyage.au.Pays.des.Articoles,!Paris,! 1927! ! ! MAN%OF%IRON%I!shouted!through!the! megaphone,!telling!Patcheen!to!beware,! especially!of!one!that!was!in!the!centre! of!the!channel.!My!voice!grew!hoarse! with!excitement,!but!still!the!canoe!came! on,!seemingly!paying!no!heed!to!any! 75 ! warning;!her!crew!were!glancing!swiftly! on!every!side!as!they!rowed,!and!now! for!the!first!time!real!fear!for!their!safety! struck!my!heart.!If!they!failed!to!judge!to! the!inch!the!position!of!the!submerged! rocks!and!should!the!receding!sea! suddenly!leave!the!fangs!exposed,!then! Patcheen!and!his!men!would!be!seen!no! more,!except!for!the!few!seconds!before! they!would!be!sucked!under!by!the! current!and!swept!away.! Though!the!great!wave!had!smashed!the! force!of!the!other!breakers,!they!still! struggled!onward!on!their!course! towards!the!curragh.!The!rocks!were! now!entirely!submerged.!The!curragh!is! amongst!them!–!she!has!now!almost! passed!the!spot!where!we!knew!the! most!dangerous!one!to!be. “Run!her!in,!Patcheen!!Run!her!in!”!was! shouted!from!the!shore;!but!it!was! almost!impossible!to!drive!the!canoe! against!the!current,!and!before!Patcheen! could!head!the!curragh!for!the!straight! short!run!to!the!shore,!another!sea!came! roaring!in!from!the!South!Channel,!and! he!had!to!swing!his!curragh's!bows!to! meet!it.!The!current!dragged!her! relentlessly!toward!where!death!lay! lurking.!As!the!curragh!swung!around,! those!rocky!fangs!came!up!dripping! white!and!seemed!to!reach!out!for!her,! but!death!missed!Patcheen!and!his!crew! by!a!foot;!with!superhuman!strength! and!uncanny!skill!they!had!managed!to! hold!the!curragh!about!a!foot!from!the! cruel!toothed!rock!as!she!met!the!next! sea!bows!on,!while!the!next!breakers! came!foaming!in;!she!was!turned!in! again!in!the!flash!of!an!eye,!and!was!now! running!straight!for!the!shore.! Shauneen!Tom!and!some!others!were! for!rushing!down,!but!I!cursed!them! back,!for!here!was!the!chance!to!finish! the!film,!as!Mr.!Flaherty!had!planned,! and!I!now!depended!on!Big!Patcheen! and!his!men!being!able!to!save!thema selves!without!any!assistance!from!us.! As!the!canoe!was!driven!up!on!the!rocks,! Patcheen!and!his!men!leaped!out!of!her.! A!great!sea!was!rushing!in,!and!after!one! glance!at!it,!to!judge!its!power,!they!ran! up!over!the!rocks!to!safety.!The!ona coming!sea!caught!the!curragh,!dragged! % ! ! ! 76 ! ! ! ! it!out!and!smashed!it!to!pieces,!and!this! last!sea!finished!the!Man.of.Aran.! Patcheen!and!his!men!were!drenched! with!sweat!and!brine,!but!their!blue!eyes! were!lit!up!with!fire,!and!a!great!thrill!of! wild!pride!shot!through!me!as!I!looked! at!them,!for!here!had!been!a!trial!of! some!of!the!old,!old!stock,!and!the!blood! still!ran!true. ! ! ! Pat!Mullen,!“The!last!shot”,!Man.of.Aran,!1935! ! ! MANAKAMANA%(TEMPLE)%One! manifestation!of!the!Goddess!famed!for! her!power!and!ability!to!fulfill!the! wishes!of!her!devotees,!who!must!then! repay!their!debt!through!animal! sacrifice.!Her!temple!sits!atop!a! Himalayan!foothill!in!the!Gorkha!district! of!Nepal!and!is!accessible!by!hoofing!it! (walking)!up!1303!meters;!or!by! perpetually!late,!unreliable,!and! treacherous!buses!on!terrible!roads;!or! the!most!advanced!cable!car!in!all!of! South!Asia. % % Stephanie!Spray,!2013! ! ! André!Príncipe,!Nota!de!Intenções,!2011! ! ! ! ! MAPEAMENTO%O!facto!de!Portugal!ter! as!mesmas!fronteiras!há,!mais!ou!menos,! oitocentos!anos,!acentua!a!ideia!do! território!nacional!como!algo!de! definitivo,!imutável!e!intemporal!como!o! vento!ou!o!mar. Na!verdade!quando!não!está!a!seguir!o! curso!dum!rio,!a!raia!é!aleatória!e!às! vezes!até!absurda,!sem!qualquer! determinação!geográfica!ou!geológica,! apenas!razões!culturais!e!políticas,!uma! sucessão!de!marcos!fronteiriços!que! pontuam!um!paisagem!única!e!uniforme. A!ideia!dum!país!a!partir!da!definição! territorial!desse!país;!se!a!fronteira!não! faz!sentido,!o!país!faz!sentido?!Qual?! Gostaria!de!fazer!um!levantamento!o! mais!completo!possível!do!território,! numa!atitude!similar!às!dos! exploradores!do!séc.!XIX!que!se! aventuravam!por!territórios! desconhecidos. Utilizando!o!próprio!mapa!de!Portugal! como!guião,!o!filme!começa!no!local! onde!vai!acabar.!Retratos!de!pessoas,! topografias!da!paisagem,!cenas!de! viagem!e!estrada,!encontros!com! ! ! % algumas!das!espécies!de!animais!em!vias! de!extinção.!Imagens!nocturnas!e! diurnas,!urbanas!e!rurais!realizadas! durante!um!período!dum!ano,!cobrindo! as!quatros!estações,!vão!tentar!mapear!a! ideia!do!Portugal!real,!na!era!pósa internet.!Ferramentas!como!o!Google! Earth,!etc!ajudamanos!a!ter!uma!ideia! precisa!e!completa!do!mundo!enquanto! espaço!físico.!O!mundo!é!cada!vez!mais! curto!em!termos!de!distâncias,!mas!cada! vez!mais!vasto!em!termos!psicológicos.! O!filme!seria!uma!tentativa!de!mapear! essa!paisagem!psicológica!e!emocional! dentro!dum!dado!limite!–!as!fronteiras! portuguesas.!Como!ir!ao!sotão!de!casa!e! descobrir!um!velho!albúm!de!fotografias! de!família,!cheio!de!pessoas!conhecidas! em!locais!estranhos,!e!pessoas! desconhecidas!em!locais!familiares.!Uma! sensação!simultânea!de!familiaridade!e! estranheza,!que!nos!leva!a!repensar!as! ideias!que!temos!sobre!aquilo!que! julgamos!conhecer!–!o!nosso!país.! MARQUESAS,%THE!Although!the! dawn!was!thus!preparing!by!four,!the! sun!was!not!up!till!six;!and!it!was!halfa past!five!before!we!could!distinguish!our! expected!islands!from!the!clouds!on!the! horizon.!Eight!degrees!south,!and!the! day!two!hours!aacoming.!The!interval! was!passed!on!deck!in!the!silence!of! expectation,!the!customary!thrill!of! landfall!heightened!by!the!strangeness! of!the!shores!we!were!then!approaching.! Slowly!they!took!shape!in!the! attenuating!darkness,!Uaahuna,!piling!up! to!a!truncated!summit,!appeared!the! first!upon!the!starboard!bow,!whelmed! in!cloud;!and!betwixt!and!to!the! southward,!the!first!rays!of!the!sun! displayed!the!needles!of!Uaapu.!These! pricked!about!the!line!of!the!horizon;! like!the!pinnacles!of!some!ornate!and! monstrous!church,!they!stood!there,!in! the!sparkling!brightness!of!the! morning….. It!was!longer!ere!we!spied!the!native! village,!standing!(in!the!universal! fashion)!close!upon!a!curve!of!beach,! close!under!a!grove!of!palms;!the!sea!in! front!growling!and!whitening!on!a! ! ! ! ! concave!arc!of!reef.!For!the!cocoaatree! and!the!island!man!are!both!lovers!and! neighbours!of!the!surf.!‘The!coral!waxes,! the!palm!grows,!but!man!departs,’!says! the!sad!Tahitian!proverb;!but!they!are! all!three,!as!long!as!they!endure,!coa haunters!of!the!beach.!The!mark!of! anchorage!was!a!blowahole!in!the!rocks,! near!the!southaeasterly!corner!of!the! bay.!Punctually!to!our!use,!the!blowahole! spouted;!the!schooner!turned!upon!her! heel;!the!anchor!plunged.!It!was!a!small! sound,!a!great!event;!my!soul!went! down!with!these!moorings!whence!no! windlass!may!extract!nor!any!diver!fish! it!up;!and!I,!and!some!part!of!my!ship’s! company,!were!from!that!hour!the! bondslaves!of!the!isles!of!Vivien.” ! ! Robert!Louis!Stevenson,!The.Marquesas..An. Island.Landfall,!1894. ! ! MERGULHO%Lacrau!fazase!dono!da! significação!de!experiência.! Experimentação!de!cineasta,! experienciação!para!os!espectadores! que!possam!estar!pouco!disponíveis! para!aventuras!criativas,!invenção!de! possibilidades!fílmicas!académicas.! Mergulho,!abandono!à!imprevisibilidade! da!sala!escura.!Uma!criança!sobre!um! rochedo!para!um!lago,!hesita,!acaba!por! saltar.!Quem,!sendo!aquela!criança,!não! saltasse,!era!bom!que!abandonasse! imediatamente!a!sala,!escusava!de! incomodar!depois!os!que!ficam.!O!salto! cai!num!desconhecido!familiar,!não!visto! à!superfície!mas!de!matéria!conhecida.!A! viagem!fazase!acompanhando!o! movimento!da!sensação!(aquela!jangada! de!impulsos!electrónicos).!Abandonaase! a!cidade,!fazase!desse!abandono!a!sua! composição,!escura,!deserta,!só!existem! corpos!submissos!em!escalada.! Muralhas!abandonadas,!movimento!de! saída;!parques!de!estacionamento! vazios,!publicidade!ruidosamente!para! ninguém.!João!Vladimiro!edifica!esta! cidade!sobre!as!nossas!cidades,! principalmente!um!campo!sobre!outro! campo.!“É!como!um!terraço/sobre!outra! coisa!ainda./Essa!coisa!é!que!é!linda.”! Sinta!quem!vê.!A!cidade!apagaase!para! dar!lugar!a!um!mundo!sensorialmente! reconhecido,!estimulado.!Desfaz! 77 ! hierarquias,!irmana!pedras!e!galhos!e! homens,!importa!tanto!o!movimento!das! folhas!pelo!vento!como!o!do!homem! matando!um!porco!pela!fome.!Ganha! importância,!mais!uma!vez,!a!sala!que! sustém!estímulos!exteriores,!centra!o! espectador!no!filme,!Lacrau!não!é! possível!em!DVD.!O!sítio!para!onde! escapa!o!filme!de!João!Vladimiro!existe! no!apagamento,!na!efectivação!onírica,! no!mitigar!da!impossível!satisfação!da! necessidade!humana!de!consolo.!E!há!lá! gente. ! ! JHB,!“Manuel!Germano!à!beira!da!estrada”,! www.inexistenciaforte.blogspot.pt,!2013! ! ! MESSINESS!Perfumed.Nightmare!isn’t! always!even,!and!Tahimik’s!lack!of! resources!can!make!for!some!rough! going,!but,!in!this!case,!the!lack!of!clarity! seems!appropriate.!Tahimik!is,!after!all,! grappling!with!a!pretty!messy!subject!in! globalization.!Early!in!the!film,!his! character!comments!how!a!story!of! airplane!travel!is!worth!more!to!him! than!actual!money;!later,!he!curses!the! West’s!tendency!for!wasteful!supera sizing.!Although!the!earlier!perspective! may!be!more!naive!than!the!later!one,! this!isn’t!a!matter!of!right!and!wrong.! Rather!than!presenting!an!invective! against!globalization,!Tahimik!considers! it!as!a!multiasided!system,!hugely! appealing!in!some!ways,!while!deeply! troubling!in!others.!By!probing! globalization!with!cinema!–!a! quintessentially!industrial!medium!–!the! director’s!deliberations!become! ingrained!in!the!creative!process!itself.! The!film!ends!with!Tahimik’s!character! declaring!his!own!independence,!but,!by! this!point,!he’s!only!affirming!what’s! been!made!altogether!apparent!by!the! film’s!unique!approach.! ! ! Max!Goldberg!,!“Kidlat!Tahimik's!“Perfumed! Nightmare”!Remains!an!Unlikely!Masterpiece”,! www.sf360.org,!2006! ! ! METAPHOR!The!film![The.Forgotten. Space]!continually!returns!to!the!cargo! ship!on!the!open!ocean,!but!it!also!tracks! the!ways!goods!move!inland.!The! camera!takes!us!inside!the!cramped!cabs! of!the!crane!operator,!the!barge!captain,! 78 ! ! ! ! the!train!engineer,!and!the!truck!driver,! to!listen!as!they!explain!the!demands!of! their!jobs.!People!are!paired!with! machines!to!which!they!sometimes! become!appendages,!now!all!part!of!a! global,!mobile!factory.!The!voiceaover! emphasizes!that!factories!have!become! like!ships,!continually!moving! production!to!countries!with!low!wages! and!few!environmental!protections.!And! ships,!now!mammoth!floating!buildings,! become!factories!and!warehouses. ! ! Benjamin!Young,!artforum.com,!2012! Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956! ! ! MONEY! Byam:!By!the!way,!what's!your!word!for! money? Chief:!Money?!What!is!money? Byam:!I'll!explain.!Now,!which!would! you!choose?!The!shilling!or!the!nail?! [He.chooses.the.nail.]!Oh,!no,!Hitihiti.! With!one!of!these!you!can!buy!20!of! these. Chief:!Where? Byam:!Well,!in!England.!You!see,!in! England,!you!must!have!money!to!live! with!to!buy!food. Chief:!In!island!of!England,!no!fruit!on! tree?!No!fish!in!the!sea? Byam:!Oh,!yes.!Plenty. Chief:!No!money,!no!food? Byam:!That's!right Chief:!I!stay!here. ! % ! ! MOLDURA!Apesar!porém!deste!velho! aparato!telúrico,!a!sismicidade!dos! Açores!é!benigna;!e!as!populações,!à! parte!uma!ou!duas!catástrofes!com! vítimas!de!morte,!já!remotas,!tiram!dele! apenas!o!cenário!majestoso!do!seu!solo! e!um!certo!instinto!do!“mistério”!e!do! carácter!precário!da!existência.!Sob!um! clima!propício!e!numa!natureza!pródiga,! que!o!mar!modela!retumbando!em! falésias!e!furnas!cheias!de!pombos! bravos,!o!açoriano!é!festeiro,!acolhedor,! feliz.!O!perfil!austero!das!rochas!e!dos! tratos!de!lava!alterna!com!a!feracidade! das!pastagens!e!terras!de!cultura.!Nas! ilhas!mais!pastoris!–!São!Jorge,!Fores,! Faial,!Terceira!–!ouvemase!mugir!os!bois! pelas!canadas!e!caminhos,!junto!dos! bebedoiros!e!atafonas,!ou!curvados! sobre!o!trevo!e!a!serradela!nas!lombas! ladeadas!de!verdadeiras!muralhas!de! hidrângeas!ou!hortenses,!que! transformam!as!ilhas,!no!Verão,!em! largas!aguarelas!de!azul,!verde!e!negro.! […] Em!semelhante!moldura,!tépida,!gris! e!cambiante,!debaixo!de!céus!raro! límpidos!mas!onde!os!rasgões!de!azul! ganham!tons!opalinos!de!uma!doçura!de! sonho,!é!fácil!conceber!a!paisagem! dantesca!das!Furnas,!mas!de!um!Dante! que!descansou!dos!círculos!do!Inferno! na!pintura!do!Paraíso;!a!das!Sete! Cidades,!cujo!topónimo!ecoa!as!viagens! aventurosas!dos!pioneiros!das! descobertas!em!prodigiosas!lagoas!de! espelho!verde!e!azulaferrete;!as!das!fajãs! de!São!Jorge,!como!que!precipitadas!da! sua!serra!dorsal!no!fundo!dos! ! ! ! ! ! ! MOEBIUS%STRIP%see!Oroboros. pesqueiros!e!fajãs!e!regadas!de!ribeiras! margeadas!de!fetos!e!aroídeas,!onde!se! chegam!a!enterrar!as!vitelas!ainda! quentes!do!parto!para!obviar!à! sobrepopulação!pecuária,!e!onde!os! homens!vivem,!a!poucos!quilómetros!da! sede!da!comarca,!ao!melhor!estilo! caseiro!do!tempo!de!D.!Afonso!V… ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Mutiny.on.the.Bounty,!dir.!Frank!Lloyd,!1935! ! ! MONT%ANALOGUE,!île!de!la!taille!d’un! continent,!dans!le!Pacifique!sud.!Elle!tire! son!nom!du!pic!qui!la!couronne!et!qui! est!le!plus!haut!sommet!de!la!Terre.!Le! plateau!sousamarin,!qui!entoure!l’île!sur! des!milliers!de!kilomètres,!contient! toutes!sortes!de!minéraux!d’origine! inconnue!qui!ont!la!propriété!d’incurver! l’espace!autour!d’eux.! Le!Mont!Analogue!est!ainsi!protégé!du! inonde!extérieur!par!une!sorte!de! sphère,!barrière!invisible!et!infrana chissable,!ouverte!seulement!en!deux! points!opposés.!L’île!n’a!jamais!eu! d’existence!officielle,!car!aucune!mesure! ne!peut!rendre!compte!de!sa!position.! Soit,!par!exemple,!un!navire!en!un!point! A,!au!sudaouest!de!l’île,!et!un!phare,!en! un!point!B,!au!nordaest.!La!lumière!du! phare!sera!vue!du!point!A!comme!s’il!n’y! avait!rien!entre!A!et!B,!car!elle! contournera!l’obstacle!de!la!montagne.! Si!le!bateau!avance!sur!la!ligne!AB,!il! semblera!suivre!une!route!directe!et! évitera!le!Mont!Analogue!;!la!courbure! de!l’espace,!déviant!la!lumière!des! étoiles!et!modifiant!les!forces! magnétiques,!faussera!les!indications! données!par!le!sextant!et!le!compas.!Le! bateau!luiamême!ainsi!que!chaque!chose! à!bord!se!courberont!insensiblement.! Bien!que!l’île!possède!les!dimensions!de! l’Australie,!il!est!difficile!de!comprendre! comment!on!a!pu!la!découvrir.!L’unique! compte!rendu!d’une!expédition!au!Mont! Analogue!est!malheureusement! incomplet!et!ne!précise!pas!si!la! montagne!a!été!escaladée.!Il!donne! cependant!une!bonne!description!de! PortaauxaSinges!et!la!structure!sociale! de!l’île.!L’autorité!est!entre!les!mains!de! guides!de!montagne!qui!forment!une! classe!à!part.!Non!seulement!ils! organisent!des!cordées,!mais!ils! gouvernent!aussi!les!villages!de!la!côte! et!de!la!montagne. Il!n’y!a!pas!de!population!indigène:!les! habitants!sont!venus!du!monde!entier,!à! différentes!époques,!dans!le!seul!but!de! gravir!le!Mont!Analogue!qui,!comme! chacun!sait,!est!le!trait!d’union!entre!le! ciel!et!la!terre.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!René! Daumal,!Le.Mont.analogue,!Paris,!1952! ! ! MONTEIRO,%JOÃO%CÉSAR % ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Joaquim!Pinto,!2013! ! ! 79 ! MORADA!Onde!moram!as!fronteiras! entre!a!realidade!e!a!personalidade!de! um!olhar?!O!que!existe!para!lá!do! silêncio?!Onde!se!divorciou!o!homem!da! natureza?!Lacrau,!assombroso!filme!de! João!Vladimiro,!não!pretende!daranos! respostas!arrumadas!nem! sistematizadas!a!estas!(e!eventualmente! outras)!questões.!Na!verdade,!mais!que! responder,!Lacrau!indaga,!procura,! escuta!e!observa.!E,!longe!da!cidade!(que! fugazmente!encontramos!ordenada,! geométrica!e!adormecida,!entre!o!ocaso! e!a!noite),!transportaanos,!como!numa! fuga,!para!um!lugar!onde!uma!pulsão! terrena!(de!coisa!da!“terra”,!dos!musgos,! das!águas!e!dos!xistos)!anima!verdades! ancestrais!que!respiram!ainda!hoje!o! mesmo!ar!que!nós,!que!nos!sentamos! numa!sala!de!cinema.! Em!grande!parte!rodado!numa!aldeia! beirã!do!interior,!Lacrau!contempla,!sob! o!ritmo!com!que!os!minutos!ali!se! contam,!as!rotinas!das!águas!que!correm! nos!riachos,!os!passos!de!quem!carrega! sacas!na!cabeça,!os!passos!do!gado,!os! gestos!de!quem!fecha!um!curral…!Mas!é! da!natureza!que!brota!a!força!(que!tem! algo!de!sagrado)!que!molda!as!formas,! os!movimentos,!as!cores.!Formas! irregulares!(no!mais!evidente!contraste! com!as!frestas!de!olhares!urbanos!que! irrompem!a!momentos),!que!a!música!–! que!vai!de!cantos!que!escutam!tradições! à!ancestralidade!moderna!da!Dolmen. Music!de!Meredith!Monk!–!tão!bem! vinca,!partilhando!o!espaço!com!os! silêncios!que!moram!entre!aqueles! lugares.! MOUNTAIN!In!1923,!a!group!of!young! sappers!was!surveying!an!inaccessible! part!of!Africa.!At!the!end!of!a!hard!day's! work!under!the!tropical!sun,!a!single!hill! remained!to!be!plotted!onto!the!plane! table.!The!men!were!eager!to!return!to! base;!it!occurred!to!one!of!them!that!it! was!only!a!little!hill!and!could!easily!be! filled!in,!by!the!eye!of!faith!and!a!little! imagination,!in!the!drawing!office.!The! suggestion!was!approved.!The!inventive! gentlemen!cut!out!a!picture!of!an! elephant!from!a!magazine,!fixed!it!to! their!map,!and!drew!around!it,!creating! form!lines!for!the!hill!they!had!not! surveyed.!The!elephantashaped!hill!may! still!be!seen!today!in!the!northawest! corner!of!sheet!17!of!Africa.(Gold.Coast)! in!the!British!1:62,500!map!series. ! ! Alberto!Manguel,!The.Dictionnary.of.Imaginary. Places,!1987! ! ! MUST!The!frame!is!horizontally! divided!into!two!shades!of!blue:!the!sea! below!and!the!sky!above.!At!a!distance,! there!is!a!foggy!form:!it!must!be!an! island.!Above!it,!a!long!white!cloud!and! other!smaller,!scattered!clouds.! ! % ! ! Nuno!Galopim,!“Os!filmes!do!IndieLisboa!(2),! www.!soundaavision.blogspot.pt,!2013! ! ! ! ! ! ! NAMES!AND%THINGS%A!film!(24! images!a!second)!on!the!difficulties!of! painting!a!picture.!Anna,!a!painter!who! is!one!of!the!team,!complains!at!the! beginning!about!the!difficult!conditions! under!which!she!has!to!work:!she!needs! a!table,!decent!light,!needs!to! concentrate;!tensions!upset!her,!as!does! the!constant!swaying!of!the!palms,! which!changes!the!light.!At!the!end!the! film![Study.of.an.Island]!shows!the! beautiful!and!precise!pictures!of!fruit! she!painted.!But!a!boy!tells!her!that!the! name!she!gave!the!fruit!is!wrong.! There!are!things!for!which!no!name! exists:!in!the!film!we!see!the!house!in! which!the!group!is!to!live!being!built.! Then!the!men!from!the!village!put!tree! trunks!tied!together!on!the!top!to!form! the!roof.! One!of!the!group!asks!the!villagers!what! the!word!for!roof!is.!It!turns!out!there!is! no!word!roof,!only!for!side.! % Norbert!Jochum,!“Rites!and!wrongs!on!a!distant! island”,!Die.Zeit,!1979! ! 80 ! ! ! ! NAUFRÁGIO!As!almas!ou!alminhas:! uma!cruz!sobre!um!cubo!de!pedra,!com! um!azulejo!azul!e!branco!no!centro! representando!São!Miguel.!A!dois!de! Novembro!as!almas!aparecem,!porque! São!Miguel!as!pesca!do!purgatório!com! uma!corda.!É!preciso!uma!corda!para! cada!alma.!São!Miguel!está!pejada!de! cruzes!e,!consequentemente,!de!almas! que!vagueiam!pelos!recifes,!pelos! precipícios,!pelas!praias!de!lava!onde!o! mar!se!enfuria.!Quando!é!noite!fechada! ou!de!manhã!muito!cedo,!se!estivermos! bem!atentos,!conseguiremos!ouviralhes! as!vozes.!São!lamentos!confusos,!litanias! e!sussurros!que,!quem!for!céptico!ou! distraído,!é!fácil!que!os!confunda!com!o! ruído!do!mar!ou!o!grito!dos!abutres.! Muitas!são!almas!de!náufragos.! Aqui!se!despedaçaram!as!primeiras! barcas!dos!portugueses!que!foram! explorar!os!mares,!os!corsários!de!Sir! Walter!Raleigh!e!do!Earl!de!Cumberland,! a!frota!espanhola!de!D.!Pedro!de!Valdez! que!pretendia!anexar!os!Açores!à!coroa! filipina.!Na!realidade!os!espanhóis! conseguiram!desembarcar!e!o!seu! ! 81 ! naufrágio!consumouase!na!Terceira,!em! 1581,!na!batalha!da!Salga.!Os!açorianos! esperaram!o!exército!espanhol!no!alto! de!uma!colina,!de!onde!largaram!contra! ele!manadas!de!touros!enfurecidos!que! o!desbarataram.!Entre!os!combatentes! encontravamase!Cervantes!e!Lope,!que! recordou!numa!quadra!a!selvagem! batalha.! E!depois!vieram!os!naufrágios!que!então! estavam!na!berra,!e!que!faziam!notícia! nos!jornais!ou!nas!revistas!ilustradas.! Eram!as!peripécias!de!viajantes!ricos!e! excêntricos,!que!se!deixavam!fotografar! nos!seus!barcos!de!luxo!quando!partiam! de!Nova!Iorque!ou!de!New!Bedford.! Caracóis!platinados!ao!vento,!blazers! com!botões!dourados,!foulards.!A!rolha! do!champanhe!saltou!e!o!vinho! espumeja!para!fora!da!garrafa.!Imaginaa se!um!foxatrot!e!outras!musiquetas.!Os! barcos!têm!nomes!extravagantes!como!a! vida!dos!seus!proprietários:!Ho!Ho,! Anahita,!Banana!Split.!Boa!viagem,! senhores,!auspiciaalhes!uma!olvidável! autoridade!citadina!vinda!para!cortar!a! amarra!com!tesoura!de!prata.!' Também!o!mundo!está!a!naufragar,!mas! eles!não!parecem!dar!por!isso.! ! ! ! ! Antonio!Tabucchi,!Mulher.de.Porto.Pim,.Outros. Fragmentos,!1983! ! ! NAURU%Pequena!e!remota!ilha!tropical! do!pacífico,!colonizada!pelos! micronésios!em!tempos!préahistóricos.! Nauru!foi!anexada!à!Alemanha!em!1888,! foi!ocupada!pela!Austrália!em!1914!e! veio!a!alcançar!a!independência!em! 1968.![…]!O!estilo!de!vida!tradicional! dos!nauruanos!baseavaase!na! agricultura!e!na!pesca!e!implicava! frequentes!episódios!de!fome,!devido!às! secas!e!aos!solos!pobres!da!ilha.!Os! primeiros!visitantes!europeus!notaram,! contudo,!que!o!povo!nauruano!era!gordo! e!que!admirava!as!pessoas!gordas!e! punha!as!raparigas!de!dieta!para!as! engordar!e!assim!tornáalas!mais! atraentes.!Em!1906!descobriuase!que!a! maior!parte!de!Nauru!por!baixo!dos! solos!pobres!era!composta!por!pedra! com!a!maior!concentração!de!fosfato!do! mundo,!um!ingrediente!essencial!nos! fertilizantes.!Em!1922,!a!companhia! 82 ! ! ! ! mineira!que!extraía!o!fosfato!começou!a! pagar!direitos!aos!habitantes!da!ilha.! Esta!nova!riqueza!conduziu!a!que,!em! 1927,!o!consumo!médio!de!açúcar!por! parte!dos!nauruanos!alcançasse!450! gramas!por!dia!e!os!trabalhadores! vinham!de!fora!porque!os!nauruanos! não!gostavam!do!trabalho!nas!minas. Durante!a!II!Guerra!Mundial,!Nauru!foi! ocupada!por!forças!militares!japonesas! que!impuseram!o!trabalho!obrigatório,! reduziram!as!rações!de!comida!para!225! gramas!de!abóbora!por!dia!e!depois! deportaram!a!maioria!da!população! para!Turk,!onde!metade!morreu!à!fome.! Quando!os!sobreviventes!regressaram!a! Nauru!recuperaram!os!direitos!do! fosfato,!abandonaram!quase!por! completo!a!agricultura!e!voltaram!a! comprar!tudo!nos!supermercados,! enchendo!os!carrinhos!com!sacos!de! açúcar!e!consumindo!o!dobro!da!dose!de! calorias!recomendado.!Tornaramase! sedentários!e!passaram!a!depender!de! veículos!motorizados!para!se! deslocarem!na!sua!ilha!pequena!ilha! (com!um!raio!médio!de!2,5!km).!Após!a! independência,!os!direitos!anuais!per. capita.aumentaram!para!23!000!dólares,! tornando!os!nauruanos!um!dos!povos! mais!ricos!do!mundo.!Hoje!em!dia!são!a! população!mais!obesa!das!ilhas!do! Pacífico. ! ! ! Jared!Diamond,!O.mundo.até.ontem,!2012! ! ! NEVERDNEVERLAND,!an!island!of! uncertain!location.!No!female!visitors! are!allowed.!Access!to!NeveraNever! Land!is!obtained!by!one!of!‘three!means.! It!is!sometimes!seen!by!children!as!they! hover!on!the!edge!of!sleep;!in!this!case,! NeverNever!Land!presents!itself!to!the! sleeper,!rather!than!being!sought!by! him.!It!can!be!reached!by!baby!boys!who! fall!out!of!their!perambulators!while! their!nurses!are!not!looking!(they!come! mainly!from!Kensington!Gardens,! London);!if!no!one!collects!them!during! the!following!week,!they!are!sent!to! NeveraNever!Land,!where!they!become! Lost!Boys.!(Girls!are!said!to!be!too! intelligent!to!fall!out!in!the!first!place.)! Finally,!visitors!can!be!taken!to!Nevera Never!Land!by!a!neveraaging!boy,!Peter! Pan,!who!refuses!to!grow!up!and!claims! to!have!run!away!the!day!he!was!born.! Peter!Pan!has!all!his!first!teeth,!retains! his!first!childish!laugh!and!can!fly!with! the!aid!of!magic!dust,!which!he!also! sprinkles!on!his!guests.!The!only!girl! known!to!have!visited!NeveraNever! Land!is!Wendy!Darling!who,! accompanied!by!her!two!smaller!brotha ers,!was!asked!to!go!to!the!island!to!be!a! mother!to!the!Lost!Boys.! The!Lost!Boys!live!in!an!underground! house!entered!through!the!trunks!of! seven!hollow!trees.!The!only!other! outlet!is!a!chimney!disguised!as!a! chimney.!The!whole!house!consists!of! one!large!room,!in!the!middle!of!which! stands!a!never.tree!which!is!sawn!down! level!with!the!floor!each!day;!by!tea!time! it!has!grown!high!enough!to!use!as!a! table,!and!after!tea!it!is!cut!down!again! to!make!more!room!for!playing!games.! Around!the!tree!grow!mushrooms!used! for!stools.!When!the!Lost!Boys!wish!to! go!fishing!they!simply!dig!holes!in!the! floor.!They!sleep!in!a!large!bed!which!is! tilted!against!the!wall!during!the!daya time!and!let!down!at!6:30!each!evening;! it!takes!up!almost!half!the!room!when!it! is!down.!Although!the!bed!is!crowded,! the!Lost!Boys!have!reached!an!agreea ment!by!which!they!all!turn!over!at!the! same!time!when!a!signal!is!given.! Though!some!of!the!meals!eaten!by!the! Lost!Boys!are!makeabelieve,!they!usually! live!on!a!diet!of!breadfruit,!yams,! coconuts,!baked!pig!and!bananas,!the! whole!washed!down!with!calabash!or! pawapaw!juice.!They!dress!in!the!skins! of!bears!that!they!have!killed! themselves;!their!clothes!make!them!so! round!and!furry!that!if!they!fall!over,! they!roll!away.!As!a!result,!they!have! become!very!sureafooted.!Peter!Pan!is! their!leader,!and!very!little!occurs!in! NeveraNever!Land!while!he!is!away.!He! entertains!the!Lost!Boys!by!playing!his! pipes!and!by!telling!them!stories!he! picks!up!from!listening!at!other! children’s!bedrooms!at!nighttime.! NeveraNever!Land!is!also!inhabited!by!a! tribe!of!Red!Indians,!the!Piccanniny! tribe,!renowned!for!their!cruelty.!They! adorn!their!bodies!with!paint!and!oil! ! ! ! ! ! ! and!carry!knives!and!tomahawks!for! taking!scalps.!Their!chief!is!Great!Big! Little!Panther,!father!of!the!beautiful! Tiger!Lily.!So!great!is!her!reluctance!to! marry!that!she!is!said!to!“stave!off!the! altar!with!the!hatchet.”!Since!Tiger!Lily! was!rescued!from!pirates!by!Peter!Pan,! the!Indians!have!been!friends!and!allies! of!the!Lost!Boys.! The!island!was!known!in!the!past!to!be!a! haunt!of!pirates,!notably!the!infamous! Captain!Hook!and!the!agreeable!Smee.! Peter!Pan!once!cut!off!Hook’s!hand!and! gave!it!to!a!gigantic!crocodile,!Who! enjoyed!it!so!much!that!it!decided!to! pursue!Captain!Hook!in!order!to!get!the! rest!of!him.!But!the!crocodile!had!once! swallowed!an!alarm!clock,!and!its! ticking!warned!Hook!when!the!crocodile! was!coming.!In!the!end!it!did!eat!him,! after!he!was!defeated!by!Peter!Pan.!The! pirates’!favourite!occupations!used!to!be! kidnapping!people!and!making!them! walk!the!plank.! The!coral!caves!beneath!the!lagoon!are! the!homes!of!the!mermaids,!beautiful! creatures!who!spend!their!days!basking! in!the!sun!and!combing!their!hair.! Though!beautiful,!the!mermaids!are! known!to!be!unfriendly!and!malicious,! and!are!probably!distantly!related!to!the! good!mermaids!of!Merking’s!Kingdom.! Visitors!can!sometimes!see!them!playa! version!of!football,!using!the!bubbles!left! behind!by!rain!storms.!The!goals!are!at! both!ends!of!the!rainbow!and!the! players!hit!the!bubbles!with!their!tails.! Only!the!goalkeepers!are!allowed!to!use! their!hands.! NeveraNever!Land!is!also!the!abode!of! fairies,!who!live!in!nests!in!the!tree!tops.! Boy!fairies!wear!mauve,!and!girl!fairies! white,!though!some!silly!fairies!insist!on! wearing!blue.!Fairies!shine!all!the!time! they!are!awake,!providing!a!natural! illumination!for!their!nests.! One!of!the!most!famous!of!all!fairies!is! Tinker!Bell,!who!for!a!long!time!was! Peter!Pan’s!companion.!Fairies,!as!a! general!rule,!do!not!live!much!longer! than!a!year.!A!fairy!is!born!every!time!a! newborn!baby!laughs;!one!dies!every! time!a!child!says!that!he!or!she!does!not! believe!in!fairies.!A!wellaknown!method! ! ! ! ! 83 ! for!restoring!a!fairy’s!life!consists!of! clapping!one’s!hands;!massive!séances! are!held!at!Christmasatime,!mainly!in! England,!for!this!purpose!and!are! commonly!known!as!“pantomimes.”! The!fauna!of!NeveraNever!Land!includes! a!vast!range!of!predators!and!mana eaters,!from!bears!and!wolves!to!lions! and!tigers.!The!island!is!also!the!only! known!haunt!of!the!never.bird,!which! nests!in!a!hat!floating!in!the!lagoon.! Peter!Pan!sometimes!borrows!the!hat! (replacing!it!with!a!floating!nest)!and! wears!it!for!special!occasions. ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir!James! Matthew!Barrie,!Peter.Pan,.or.the.Boy.Who. Wouldn’t.Grow.Up,!London,!1904;!Sir!James! Matthew!Barrie,!Peter.Pan.in.Kensington. Gardens,!London,!1906;!Sir!James!Matthew! Barrie,!Peter.and.Wendy,!London,!1911!! ! ! NO%SAFE%PLACE! There!is!a!hot!wind!blowing It!moves!across!the!oceans!and!into! every!port. A!plague.!A!black!plague.!There's!danger! everywhere And!you've!been!sailing. ! ! ! ! ! And!you're!all!alone!on!an!island!now! tuning!in. Did!you!think!this!was!the!way Your!world!would!end? Hombres.!Sailors.!Comrades. ! ! ! ! ! There!is!no!pure!land!now.!No!safe! place. And!we!stand!here!on!the!pier Watching!you!drown. Love!among!the!sailors. Love!among!the!sailors. ! ! ! ! ! There!is!a!hot!wind!blowing. Plague!drifts!across!the!oceans. And!if!this!is!the!work!of!an!angry!god I!want!to!look!into!his!angry!face. There!is!no!pure!land!now.!No!safe! place. Come!with!us!into!the!mountains. Hombres.!Sailors.!Comrades. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Laurie!Anderson,!“Love!Among!The!Sailors”,! Bright.Red,!199! ! ! NOM!On!s'est!longtemps!plu!à!citer!ces! langues!où!les!termes!manquent,!pour! exprimer!des!concepts!tels!que!.eux! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 84 d'arbre!ou!(l'animal,!bien!qu'on!y!trouve! tous!les!mots!nécessaires!à!un! inventaire!détaillé!des!espèces!et!des! variétés.!Mais,!en!invoquant!ces!cas!à! l'appui!d'une!prétendue!inaptitude!des!“! primitifs”!à!la!pensée!abstraite,!on! omettait!d'abord!d'autres!exemples,!qui! attestent!que!la!richesse!en!mots! abstraits!n'est!pas!l'apanage!des!seules! langues!civilisées.!C'est!ainsi!que!le! chinook,!langue!du!nordaouest!de! l'Amérique!du!Nord,!fait!usage!de!mots! abstraits!pour!désigner!beaucoup!de! propriétés,!ou!de!qualités!des!êtres!et! des!choses!:!“!Ce!procédé,!dit!Boas,!y!est! plus!fréquent!que!dans!tout!autre! langage!connu!de!moi.!“!La!proposition!:! le!méchant!homme!a!tué!le!pauvre! enfant,!se!rend!en!chinook!par:!la! méchanceté!de!l'homme!a!tué!la! pauvreté!de!l'enfant!';!et,!pour!dire! qu'une!femme!utilise!un!panier!trop! petit:!elle!met!des!racines!de!potentille! dans!la!petitesse!d'un!panier!à! coquillages. Dans!toute!langue,!d'ailleurs,!le!discours! et!la!syntaxe!fournissent!les!ressources! indispensables!pour!suppléer!aux! lacunes!du!vocabulaire.!Et!le!caractère! tendancieux!de!l'argument!évoqué!au! paragraphe!précédent!est!bien!mis!en! évidence,!quand!on!note!que!la!situation! inverse,!c'estaàadire!celle!où!les!termes! très!généraux!l'emportent!sur!les! appellations!spécifiques,!a!été!aussi! exploitée!pour!affirmer!l'indigence! intellectuelle!des!sauvages:! “!Parmi!les!plantes!et!les!animaux,! l'Indien!ne!nomme!que!les!espèces!utiles! ou!nuisibles!;!les!autres!sont!classées! indistinctement!comme!oiseau,! mauvaise!herbe,!etc.!“!(Krause)! Un!observateur!plus!récent!semble! pareillement!croire!que!l'indigène! nomme!et!conçoit!seulement!en!fonction! de!ses!besoins!:! “!e!me!souviens!encore!de!l'hilarité! provoquée!chez!mes!amis!des!îles! Marquises!…!par!l'intérêt!(à!leurs!yeux,! pure!sottise)!témoigné!par!le!botaniste! de!notre!expédition!de!1921,!envers!les! “mauvaises!herbes”!sans!nom!(“sans! utilité”)!qu'il!recueillait,!et!dont!il!voulait! savoir!comment!elles!s'appelaient.”! ! ! (Handy!et!Pukui) Pourtant,!Handy! compare!cette!indifférence!à!celle!que,! dans!notre!civilisation,!le!spécialiste! témoigne!aux!phénomènes!qui!ne! relèvent!pas!immédiatement!de!son! domaine.![…] En!vérité,!le!découpage!conceptuel!varie! avec!chaque!langue,!et,!comme!le! remarquait!fort!bien,!au!XVIIII!siècle,!le! rédacteur!de!l'article!“Nom”!dans! l'Encyclopédie,!l'usage!de!termes!plus! ou!moins!abstraits!n'est!pas!la!fonction! de!capacités!intellectuelles,!mais!des! intérêts!inégalement!marqués!et! détaillés!de!chaque!société!particulière! au!sein!de!la!société!nationale!“!Montez! à!l'Observatoire;!chaque!étoile!n'y!est! plus!une!étoile!tout!simplement,!c'est! l'étoile!ß!du!Capricorne,!c'est!le!γ!du! Centaure,!c'est!le!δ!de!la!Grande!Ourse,! etc..!“ .! ! ! ! Claude!LéviaStrauss,!Pensée.Sauvage,!1962! ! ! NOMMER!–!Un!instant,!mes!amis,! répondit!l’ingénieur,!il!me!paraît!bon!de! donner!un!nom!à!cette!île,!ainsi!qu’aux! caps,!aux!promontoires,!aux!cours!d’eau! que!nous!avons!sous!les!yeux. –!Très!bon,!dit!le!reporter.!Cela! simplifiera!à!l’avenir!les!instructions!que! nous!pourrons!avoir!à!donner!ou!à! suivre. –!En!effet,!reprit!le!marin,!c’est!déjà! quelque!chose!de!pouvoir!dire!où!l’on!va! et!d’où!l’on!vient.!Au!moins,!on!a!l’air! d’être!quelque!part.! ! ! ! ! Jules!Verne,!L’île.mystérieuse,!1874! ! ! NONDFICTION!Stephanie!Spray:!All! fiction!films!retain!a!degree!of! documentary,!in!that!they!document! performances,!although!this!is!more!or! less!obscured!in!mainstream!films!with! quick!edits!and!effects.!The!works!of! fiction!that!I!find!the!most!compelling! are!those!that!give!us!time!to!linger!in! the!space!of!shots,!rather!than!hurriedly! propel!us!forward!by!narrative!agendas.! It!would!have!been!impossible!for!us!to! recreate!this!film!with!the!same!subtlety! had!we!hired!professional!actors!and! given!them!a!script!describing!the!same! scenes!and!dynamics!between!subjects.! ! ! ! The!opening!scene!in!Nicolas!Pereda’s! film!Perpetuum.Mobile!shows!an!elderly! woman!fumbling!about!with!Kleenex! tissues,!slipping!them!in!and!out!of!her! pockets,!while!sitting!on!a!bed.!It!is! framed!oddly,!as!if!the!camera!is!hidden.! It’s!completely!genius!and!astounding! and!I!often!wondered!how!he!directed! her!in!this!scene;!for!it!is!purportedly! about!nothing,!and!yet!it!is!extremely! powerful.!I!feel!her!presence!and!her! realness!because!in!that!moment!she!is! no!mere!character.!I!later!learned!that! this!woman!hadn’t!been!directed!at!all,! but!rather!the!camera!had!simply!been! left!rolling,!unbeknownst!to!her. The!distinction!between!fiction!and!nona fiction!is!frequently!murky!and!the! documentary!engagement!with!the!real! is!found!across!genres,!but!extremely! hard!to!get!on!film,!since!most!film! subjects!slip!into!becoming!someone! other!than!themselves,!selfaconscious! representations,!even!if!they!are!not! purportedly!acting.!In!Manakamana,!the! trip!itself!is!surreal;!passengers!are! propelled!above!a!jungle!in!Nepal,!en! route!to!a!temple!inhabited!by!a!goddess! who!demands!blood!sacrifice.!Most! passengers!have!never!been!in!airplanes! and!the!time!aloft!can!be!frightening!and! exhilarating.!This!detachment!it!bestows! upon!the!journey!for!the!passengers! heightens!the!sense!that!this!world!is! fictional,!for!it!is!indeed!a!manufactured! and!unnatural!experience!for!most!of! them. Pacho!Velez:!I!do!a!lot!of!my!thinking! about!dramatic!structure,!aesthetics,! and!pacing!through!the!lens!of!theater! and!of!fiction.!I’m!also!much!more! engaged!by!the!ethical!discussions! around!consent!and!representation!in! fiction!than!in!documentary.!And!I!like! that!fiction!more!often!trusts!its! audience!to!luxuriate!in!images!and! sounds!without!worrying!too!much! about!conveying!information.!When! properly!employed,!this!reticence! encourages!audiences!to!actively! generate!their!own!understanding!of!an! ambiguous!situation.!Documentarians! can!use!the!strategy!too,!though!for! many!it!seems!too!fuzzy,!too!open!to! ! ! 85 ! multiple!interpretations!or! misunderstandings.!But!embracing!this! reticence!is,!I!think,!where!the!element! of!fiction!enters!into!Manakamana. NYCTOGRAPH%Any!one!who!has!tried,!as!I! have!often!done,!the!process!of!getting!out!of! bed!at!2!a.m.!in!a!winter!night,!lighting!a!candle,! and!recording!some!happy!thought!which!would! probably!be!otherwise!forgotten,!will!agree!with! me!it!entails!much!discomfort.!All!I!have!now!to! do,!if!I!wake!and!think!of!something!I!wish!to! record,!is!to!draw!from!under!the!pillow!a!small! memorandum!book!containing!my!Nyctograph,! write!a!few!lines,!or!even!a!few!pages,!without! even!putting!the!hands!outside!the!bedaclothes,! replace!the!book,!and!go!to!sleep!again.![…]!I! tried!rows!of!square!holes,!each!to!hold!one! letter!(quarter!of!an!inch!square!I!found!a!very! convenient!size),!and!this!proved!a!much!better! plan!than!the!former;!but!the!letters!were!still! apt!to!be!illegible.!Then!I!said!to!myself!‘Why!not! invent!a!square!alphabet,!using!only!dots!at!the! corners,!and!lines!along!the!sides?’!I!soon!found! that,!to!make!the!writing!easy!to!read,!it!was! necessary!to!know!where!each!square!began.! This!I!secured!by!the!rule!that!every!squarea letter!should!contain!a!large!black!dot!in!the! N.W.!corner.![…]![I]!succeeded!in!getting!23!of! [the!squarealetters]!to!have!a!distinct! resemblance!to!the!letters!they!were!to! represent.!Think!of!the!number!of!lonely!hours!a! blind!man!often!spends!doing!nothing,!when!he! would!gladly!record!his!thoughts,!and!you!will! realize!what!a!blessing!you!can!confer!on!him!by! giving!him!a!small!‘indelible’!memoranduma book,!with!a!piece!of!pasteaboard!containing! rows!of!square!holes,!and!teaching!him!the! squareaalphabet.! ! ! Stephanie!Spray!and!Pacho!Velez,!interviewed! by!Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,! 2013! ! ! NORTH!A!polar!bear!lies!on!the! ground,!as!if!sleeping.!It’s!safe!to!assume! there!is!snow,!even!though!the!image!is! black!and!white,!and!also!that!the!bear!is! dead.!Standing!behind!it,!we!see!a!man! from!the!waist!down:!he!is!holding!a! rifle;!there!is!another!man!to!his!left.! They!are!both!wearing!boots. ! ! ! Lewis!Carroll,!Journal,!1891! ! ! NOTEBOOK% ! ! ! OBEDIÊNCIA!A!obediência!que! outrora!justificava!o!temor!dos!deuses,! exigemana!hoje!dos!povos,!com!a!mesma! firmeza,!as!leis!do!mercado!que! substituíram!esses!deuses.!Somos! mantidos!na!dependência,!e!avançarmos! sozinhos!apavoraanos!mais!do!que! encontrar!apoio!apenas!naquilo!que!se! agita.!E!no!entanto!é!o!desafio!da! fatalidade!que!temos!de!aceitar,!agora! que!despojada!dos!seus!faustos!míticos,! a!fatalidade!se!resume!ao!espírito!cego! duma!economia!esgotada!por!ter! esgotado!o!homem!e!a!terra. ! ! Raoul!Vaneigem,!A.economia.parasitária,!1996! % % ODES,%ISLE%OF,!an!island!two!days’! Joaquim!Pinto,.2013! ! sail!from!Entelechy.!Its!name!derives! from!‘odos,!the!Greek!word!for!a!road.! All!roads!on!the!island!are!alive!and! move!of!their!own!free!will.!As!Aristotle! argues,!the!one!sign!that!something!is! animal!and!not!mineral!is!that!it!moves! of!its!own!accord;!the!roads!of!the!island! can!therefore!be!regarded!as!living! creatures.! ! To!travel!about!the!island,!visitors! should!ask!one!of!the!natives!where!a! particular!road!is!going.!They!should! then!climb!onto!the!right!road!and!they! will!be!transported!to!their!destination! without!any!difficulty.!Travelling! through!the!Isle!of!Odes!is,!in!fact,!as! easy!as!travelling!from!Lyons!to!Avignon! by!taking!a!boat!down!the!Rhône.! However,!not!everything!in!the!Isle!of! Odes!is!perfect:!a!certain!class!of!people,! called!the!Way!layers!and!Roadabeaters,! lie!in!wait!for!the!moving!roads!and! attack!them!with!blind!brutality,!in! much!the!same!way!as!muggers!attack! old!ladies.!Waylayers!who!are!caught! are!broken!on!the!wheel!and!severely! beaten.! An!added!attraction!for!the!visitor!to!the! Isle!of!Odes!is!the!appearance!of!familiar! roads!moving!freely!about!the!island:! the!Yellow!Brick!Road,!Caminito,!the! Road!to!Mandalay,!Coronation!Street,! Muller’s!Weg,!Calvary!and!the!Narrow! Road!to!the!Far!North!can!be!seen! running!across!the!island’s!hills!and! meadows.! ! ! ! 86 ! ! ! ! 87 ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!François! Rabelais,!Le.cinquiesme.et.dernier.livre.des.faicts. et.dicts.du.bon.Pantagruel,.auquel.est.contenu.la. visitation.de.l’Oracle.de.la.dive.Bacbuc,.et.le.mot. de.la.bouteille;.pour.lequel.avoir.est.entrepris.tout. ce.long.voyage,!Paris,!1564! ! ! ONE!I!want!to!talk!about!how!things!fit! together.!It’s!directly!related!to!what!I! teach!in!my!“Math!as!Art”!class,!that!is,! mathematics!grew!up!here!and!there!–! things!were!discovered!independently! from!one!another.!For!example,!the! growth!constant!2.7182…!known!as!e! was!found!from!banking;!fractals!date! back!to!the!golden!ratio!and!Greek! architecture.!Other!things!were!found! from!pure!play,!but!as!they!were! brought!together,!they!would!fit,!and! eventually!formed!a!precise!structure.! And!that’s!how!I!believe!the!cabins!work! too.!I!was!discovering!things!here!and! here!and!here,!and!all!of!a!sudden!it! became!coherent.!I!didn’t!invent!the! juxtapositions!or!their!meanings!–!I! discovered!them. ! ! James!Benning,!Conversation,!(FC).Two.Cabins. by.JB,!2011! ONENESS!The!more!intimate!you!are! with!nature,!the!more!you!appreciate!its! beauty.!It’s!a!beauty!that!consists!not! only!in!sights!and!sounds!but!in!an! appreciation!of…!the!whole!thing.!I!don’t! know!how!to!express!it.!What!is! significant!is!that!when!you!live!in!the! woods,!rather!than!just!visiting!them,! the!beauty!becomes!part!of!your!life! rather!than!something!you!just!look!at! from!the!outside. ! ! Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Technological.Slavery:. The.Collected.Writings.of.Theodore.J..Kaczynski,. a.k.a..“The.Unabomber”,!2010! ! ! OROBOROS!see!Moebius!Strip ! ! ! OTOK%VIS!An!island!off!the!coast!of! Croatia.!During!the!Yugoslav!era,!it!was! closed!to!tourists!because!there!was!a! topsecret!submarine!base!beneath!it.! But!how!secret!could!that!base!have! been?!It!was!the!only!island!where! tourists!couldn’t!go. ! ! Pacho!Velez,!2013! ! ! ! PAISAGEM!Absorvoame!na! extraordinária!paisagem!mineral,!no! panorama!que!saiu!intacto!das! entranhas!do!fogo.!Nem!um!sinal!de!vida! –!extensões!mortas,!calcinadas,!inúteis,! cuja!beleza!exterior!consiste! principalmente!na!linha,!na!sólida! arquitectura!dos!montes!erguidos!até!ao! céu!em!perfis!severos,!na!solidão!e!na! cor!que!os!vestem,!no!esforço!de!quem! despreza!todos!os!pormenores!inúteis! para!mostrar!descarnado!a!Deus!o!seu! sofrimento.!Aqui!as!pedras!passaram! todas!pelo!incêndio!e!assim!clamam! tisnadas!e!imóveis.!Produto!dum!parto! monstruoso,!a!ilha!foi!devorada!até!ao! ponto!de!fundir.!É!a!dor.!É!a!dor!do! mundo!exposta!a!nossos!olhos,! imobilizada!diante!de!nossos!olhos!–!a! dor!descarnada!e!solitária,!muda!e! trágica,!sem!um!véu,!sem!um!farrapo,! sem!um!grito.!Só!dor.! Às!chapadas!negras!sucedemase!as! chapadas!fúnebres,!aos!rasgões! avermelhados,!onde!parece!que!lavra! ainda!o!incêndio,!as!escórias!acabadas! de!derreter,!ao!minério!de!tons!azulados! % 88 ! ! ! ! e!sombrios!as!fragas!em!atitude!de! desespero,!os!buracos!dilacerados!até!ao! íntimo.!Não!houve!piedade,!não!houve! um!momento!de!suspensão!naquela! tortura!imensa!e!calada:!tudo,!desde!a! poeira!até!â!montanha,!passou!pelo! mesmo!inferno!e!ainda!fumega!no! último!estertor.! Não!consigo!tirar!os!olhos!do!panorama! tremendo,!do!panorama!que!é!um! pesadelo!donde!extraio!não!sei!que! prazer!indefinido.!Tudo!se!despenha!em! catadupas!de!pó!negro,!ou!fundido!dum! só!jacto!nas!paredes!lisas!e!azuladas,! negras!com!arabescos!mais!escuros!que! parecem!caracteres!indecifráveis!–! petrificadas!em!cores!mais!ricas,!dum! negro!cor!de!sangue,!fundidas!e! entranhandoase!umas!nas!outras!até! chegarem!ao!fundo!cinzento.!Um!abismo! –!um!tropel!–!um!campo!de!destroços.!E! sobre!o!caos!cinzento.! ! ! ! Raul!Brandão,!“!O!Pico”,!As.ilhas.desconhecidas,! 1926! ! ! PALAY,%ILHA%DE%ver!Hikihoho. ! ! ! 89 ! PANORAMA!Raul!Brandão!escreve,! n’As.Ilhas.Desconhecidas:!“Já!percebi!que! o!que!as!ilhas!têm!de!mais!belo!e!as! completa!é!a!ilha!que!está!em!frente:!o! Corvo!as!Flores,!Faial!o!Pico,!o!Pico!São! Jorge,!São!Jorge!a!Terceira!e!a! Graciosa…”.!Esta!verdade!de!panorama! começou!por!ser!simplesmente!uma! verdade!de!“achamento”.!As!ilhas! descobriramase,!por!assim!dizer,!umas! às!outras,!pouco!faltando!para!que! ficassem!conhecidas!por!um!seco!e! simples!número,!como!uma!flotilha!de! contratorpedeiros!estacados!no!mar.![…] Tudo,!para!o!ilhéu,!se!resume!em! longitude!e!apartamento.!A!solidão!é!o! âmago!do!que!está!separado!e!distante.! Quando!eu!era!garoto!via!apenas,!da!vila! de!lavradores!e!de!pescadores!onde! nasci,!o!minúsculo!e!alcantilado!ilhéu!do! Norte;!e,!ainda!assim,!precisava!subir!à! serra!do!Facho!e!deitar!homens!e!casas! para!trás!das!costas.!Resvés!do!Zimbral! –!uma!rocha!medonha!–,!aquele!penedo! emerso!era!a!primeira!amostra!de!terra! fora!do!nosso!pé.!Mas!era!tão!perto! aquele!país!da!craca,!que!uma!bateira!do! Joaneta,!a!remos!de!tolete,!o!alcançava! em!coisa!de!uma!hora!de!bordejo!e!de! contorno!da!Má!Merenda.! ! ! ! Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956! PARAÍSO,%ILHA%DO!Tudo!é!paz!e! ! Anónimo,!A.Lenda.de.São.Brandão,!séc.!IX! % ! PARTICIPATORY%ETHNOGRAPHY! Shot!on!Super!16mm!by!Rivers,!Russell! and!Chris!Fawcett!(the!Steadicam! operator!for!Let.Each.One),!Spell!is! awash!in!atmosphere,!bathed! 90 ! ! ! ! ! PATTERN!The!rear!of!a!cargo!ship!in!a! PERSONAGGIO%Nel!film!l'unico! wide!shot.!White!letters!indicate!the! ship’s!name!and!provenance.!Container! boxes!are!piled!on!top!of!one!another,! forming!a!colorful!pattern!–!blue,!red,! yellow,!green!–!against!a!backdrop!of! blue!sky!and!sea. ! % ! ! ! Andréa!Picard,!www.tiff.net,!2013! ! ! PATIENCE!Because!it!demands! ! ! alegria.!Uma!claridade!maravilhosa! banha!todas!as!coisas!e!esta!claridade! não!vem!do!sol,!pois!não!há!sombra!em! nenhum!lugar.!A!noite!nunca!vem! envolver!tudo!com!suas!tênebras!e!as! tempestades!jamais!aparecem!empura rando!diante!dela!as!nuvens!negras.! Colhemos!frutos!suculentos,!de!um! tamanho!que!jamais!vimos!e!saciamos! nossa!sede!em!riachos!de!leite!e!em! fontes!límpidas![…].!Nenhuma!palavra! humana!pode!expressar!a!emoção!que! sentimos,!a!felicidade!que!nos!envolveu. successively!in!natural,!incandescent! sunshine,!the!blues!of!a!perpetual!magic! hour,!and!the!stroboscopic!concert! lighting!of!a!dingy!bar.!Liberated!from! conventional!narrative!causality,! Robert's!trajectory!charts!a!continuous! drift!(superbly!conveyed!by!a!floating! camera)!that!signals!a!radical! investigation!of!the!self,!an!enigmatic! effort!to!“ward!off!the!darkness”!that!is! engulfing!our!increasingly!secularized! world.!Is!this!a!search!for!fulfillment,! mutual!understanding,!a!gesture!to!quell! boredom!and!unremitting!solitude,!an! affront!to!utopianism,!or!simply!a! natural!progression!through!life?! Choreographing!the!movements!of!their! nonaactors,!Rivers!and!Russell!explore!a! participatory!ethnography!with!both! their!realalife!characters!and!us,!the! viewers,!drawing!deeply!from!the! elemental!in!order!to!shake!us!from!our! viewing!habits.!Bound!by!the!structures! that!inevitably!dictate!our!lives,!it's!easy! to!forget!that!the!world!is!vast!and!ripe! with!possibilities,!and!that!we!should! probably!attempt!a!few!alternate!modes! of!existence!before!we!leave!this!Earth! behind. extreme!tolerance,!Manakamana! inspired!plenty!of!walkouts!during!its! first!screenings!at!the!Locarno!Film! Festival,!where!audiences!may!have!had! a!general!idea!of!what!to!expect!but! couldn't!have!fully!comprehended!the! precise!challenge.!Interestingly,!many! viewers!at!the!screening!this!critic! attended!openly!expressed!their! frustration!after!the!second!or!third!trip! rather!than!the!first!one.!That!delay! suggests!a!lingering!hesitation!even!on! the!part!of!audiences!without!a! modicum!of!interest!in!the!movie's! specific!appeal,!hinting!at!the!possibility! that!Manakamana!says!as!much!about! the!erosion!of!patience!as!it!does!about! the!value!of!holding!onto!it.! ! ! Eric!Kohn,!“Locarno!Film!Festival!Review:! Stunning!Documentary!Manakamana!Is!the! MustaSee!Cinematic!Experience!of!the!Year”,! indiewire.com!2013! ! % ! ! ! PERMISSIVENESS%Modern!society!is! in!certain!respects!extremely!permisa sive.!In!matters!that!are!irrelevant!to!the! functioning!of!the!system!we!can! generally!do!what!we!please.!We!can! believe!in!any!religion!we!like!(as!long! as!it!does!not!encourage!behavior!that!is! dangerous!to!the!system).!We!can!go!to! bed!with!anyone!we!like!(as!long!as!we! practice!“safe!sex”).!We!can!do!anything! we!like!as!long!as!it!is!unimportant.!But! in!all!important!matters!the!system! tends!increasingly!to!regulate!our! behavior.![…]!For!instance,!the!content! of!entertainment!programming!is!a! powerful!form!of!propaganda.!An! example!of!indirect!coercion:!There!is! no!law!that!says!we!have!to!go!to!work! every!day!and!follow!our!employer's! orders.!Legally!there!is!nothing!to! prevent!us!from!going!to!live!in!the!wild! like!primitive!people!or!from!going!into! business!for!ourselves.!But!in!practice! there!is!very!little!wild!country!left,!and! there!is!room!in!the!economy!for!only!a! limited!number!of!small!business! owners.!Hence!most!of!us!can!survive! only!as!someone!else's!employee.! % ! Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its. Future,!1995! ! ! ! personaggio!“reso!in!modo!artistico”!è! probabilmente!il!mio,!e!in!parte!il! capitano!del!bastimento…!In!genere!le! persone!ritratte!appaiono!in!sostanza! come!sono!nella!vita…!Certo,!nei!10! minuti!dedicati!a!un!marinaio,!o!nei!20! minuti!incentrati!sul!sottotenente!di! vascello!non!riesci!a!vedere!il!loro! carattere!nelle!diverse!situazioni,!ma! solo!in!una…!Ma,!forse,!in!quel!momento! quel!lato!del!carattere!è!il!più! importante.!Nel!film!tutto!è!abbastanza! rispondente!a!verità.!Quanto!al!capitano! della!nave!e!ai!miei!pensieri!personali…! Ci!ho!riflettuto!a!lungo!dopo.!Aleksandr! Nikolaevic!è!riuscito!a!comporre!le!cose! in!modo!tale!che!adesso!è!difficile!dire! cosa!sia!nato!in!me!dopo!il!film,! trasmessomi!dal!personaggio!inventato,! e!cosa!fosse!mio!anche!prima,!e!sia! passato!da!me!al!personaggio!di!fantasia.! […]!Quanto!alle!situazioni!reali!e!alle! emozioni,!probabilmente!esistevano!già! allora…!Ho!prestato!servizio!a!Kuvsinka! dal!1989!al!1998,!nove!anni:!una!parte! notevole!dell'età!matura.! ! ! Sergej!Bakaj,!“Una!voce!solitariaaaltre!voci!“,! Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di.cinema,!2003! ! ! PERSONAL%DOCUMENTARY%On!one! level,!ethnographic!documentary!and! personal!documentary!might!seem!the! antithesis!of!each!other:!one!has! traditionally!involved!the!travels!of! anthropologists!to!faraflung!locations!to! observe!people!very!different!from! themselves;!the!other,!the!selfaconscious! investigations!by!filmmakers!of!their! personal!lives.!But!for!all!their!apparent! differences,!the!two!approaches!are! fundamentally!two!sides!of!the!same! cinematic!coin,!the!inverse!of!each!other.! Robert!Gardner!has!said!that!“going!to! distant!cultures!leads!to!selfa examination!which!in!turn!refines! sensibilities!for!detecting!meaning!in!the! lives!of!others.”!By!the!early!1970s,!the! use!of!cinema!to!explore!the!exotic! Other!had!not!only!revealed!aspects!of! the!Self!to!particular!ethnographic! filmmakers,!it—along!with!a!variety!of! other!cultural!developments—was! instigating!what!soon!became!a!major! 91 ! new!avenue!for!documentary:!the!cinea matic!exploration!of!the!patterns!and! nuances!of!the!filmmakers’!own!culture,! as!exemplified!by!their!personal!lives.! % ! Scott!MacDonald,!American.Ethnographic.Film. and.Personal.Documentary:.The.Cambridge.Turn,! 2013! ! ! PHENOMENOLOGY%1%It's!been!a! prevalent!notion.!Fallen!sparks.! Fragments!of!vessels!broken!at!the! Creation.!And!someday,!somehow,! before!the!end,!a!gathering!back!to! home.!A!messenger!from!the!Kingdom,! arriving!at!the!last!moment.!But!I!tell! you!there!is!no!such!message,!no!such! home!–!only!the!millions!of!last! moments!.!.!.!nothing!more.!Our!history! is!an!aggregate!of!last!moments. % ! Thomas!Pynchon,!Gravity's.Rainbow,!1973! ! % PHENOMENOLOGY%2%The!body!is!our! general!medium!for!having!a!world. % % Maurice!MerleauaPonty,!Phenomenology.of. Perception,!1945! ! ! PHENOMENOLOGY%3%Call!no!man! happy!till!he!is!dead. % ! Aeschylus,!Agamenon,!458!BC! ! ! PHILOSOPHERS’%ISLAND,!one!of! several!high!islands!near!Tierra!del! Fuego.!The!architecture!on!this!island!is! remarkable.!The!Philosophers!build!vast! edifices!(called!“systems”)!starting!with! the!ridgeapiece!on!the!roof,!which!is! usually!highly!elaborate.!However,!while! they!wait!for!the!foundation!to!be!laid! the!building!generally!collapses,!killing! the!architect.! The!Philosophers!spend! their!time!in!curious!occupations:! weighing!air,!comparing!two!drops!of! water!and!trying!to!find!definitions!–! that!is,!trying!to!replace!one!word!by! several!others!that!mean!the!same.! The!island!is!always!covered!with!snow;! the!roads!are!difficult!and!it!is!easy!to! lose!one’s!way. ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Abbe! Pierre!Francois!Guyot!Desfontaines,!Le.Nouveau. Gulliver,.ou.Voyage.De.Jean.Gulliver,.Fils.Du. Capitaine.Gulliver..Traduit.d’un.Manuscrit.An; glois..Par.Monsieur.L.D.F,!Paris,!1730! ! ! 92 ! ! ! ! PILGRIMAGE!Just!as!the!ministrations! of!the!goddess!whom!the!pilgrims!come! to!venerate!remain!invisible,!the!temple! which!is!their!ultimate!destination! remains!unseen!throughout! Manakamana.!In!the!absence!of!a!visible! holy!site,!and!a!spiritual!journey!that!has! been!effectively!expedited!by!the! installation!of!an!electrified!tightrope! above!a!vast!jungle,!what!remains!is!a! surrogate!commute!in!which!the!sacred! and!profane!collapse!into!a!detached! procession![…].!From!this!nearly!surreal! and!yet!utterly!ordinary!vantage!point,! the!old!trail!to!the!temple!can!be! occasionally!glimpsed!outside!the! windows,!like!a!faded!scar!in!the! landscape!that!invokes!(perhaps! nostalgically)!the!labours!of!the!original! pilgrimage!while!reminding!us!that!time! (and!“progress”)!wraps!us!in!new!skin.! By!eliding!the!physical!(and!historical)! toll!of!a!once!arduous!journey,!the!cable! car!condenses!ritual,!and!the!faith! commensurate!to!it.!The!question,!posed! of!most!new!technology,!is:!Are!we! thereby!delivered!to!our!desired! destination!(whether!sacred!or!secular)! simply!more!conveniently,!or!does!the! very!nature!of!our!conveyance!alter!the! nature!of!our!pilgrimage? ! ! Jay!Kuehner,!Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! ! ! PINHO,%PEDRO!nasceu!em!Maio!de! 1977.!Estudou!cinema!na!ESTC!em! Lisboa!e!na!ENSLL!em!Paris,!entre!1999! e!2003.!Frequentou!os!cursos!de! realização!de!cinema!e!de!argumento!da! London!Film!School!e!da!Fundação! Calouste!Gulbenkian!em!2005!e!2006.! Realizou!2!curtasametragens!em! contexto!académico,!Perto!(20004)!e!No. Início!(2005).!Em!2008!concluiu!Bab. Sebta!–!um!documentário!coarealizado! com!Frederico!Lobo!sobre!os!tempos!de! espera!dos!migrantes!nas!cidades!de! fronteira!ao!Sul!da!Europa!–!que!foi! premiado!no!FID!Marseille!2008,!no!Doc! Lisboa!2008!e!no!Forumdoc!BH!2009.! Em!2009!funda!a!produtora!Terratreme! com!Leonor!Noivo,!Luisa!Homem,!Tiago! Hespanha,!João!Matos!e!Susana!Nobre,! onde!tem!colaborado!como!produtor,! argumentista!e!director!de!fotografia!em! filmes!como!Linha.Vermelha!de!José! Filipe!Costa,!Lacrau!de!João!Vladimiro!e! A.Fábrica.De.Nada!de!Jorge!Silva!Melo.! Desde!2010,!trabalha!no!filme!As. Cidades.e.as.Trocas,!coarealizado!com! Luisa!Homem,!sobre!os!fluxos! económicos!e!as!transformações!de! paisagem!motivados!pela!indústria!do! turismo.!Em!2013!a!sua!primeira!médiaa metragem!de!ficção!–!Um.Fim.do.Mundo! –!estreou!no!Festival!de!Berlim,!e!desde! então!tem!sido!mostrada!em!vários! festivais!internacionais,!estando! prevista!a!sua!estreia!em!sala!em! Outubro!2013. ! ! ! ! PINTO,%JOAQUIM!nasceu!em!1957.! Após!concluir!a!Escola!Superior!de! Teatro!e!Cinema!na!área!de!som,!é! responsável!pelo!som!de!inúmeras! longas!metragens!com!realizadores! como!Manoel!de!Oliveira,!Raul!Ruiz!e! Werner!Schroeter.!Em!1986!realiza!e! produz!a!sua!primeira!longa!metragem,! Uma.Pedra.no.Bolso,!dando!início!a!um! ciclo!de!produção!que!começa!com! Recordações.da.Casa.Amarela!e!termina! com!A.Comédia.de.Deus,!ambos!de!João! César!Monteiro.!É!casado!com!Nuno! Leonel.!Juntos!realizaram!diversos! documentários!e!filmes!de!animação,!e! coordenam!uma!editora!de!livros!e! música. ! ! ! PISCINA!Vou!ao!comissariado!do!porto! falar!com!o!comissário!que!não!me!quer! acreditar!apesar!de!ser!francês.!Voualhe! explicar!que!estou!em!apuros!porque! faço!parte!de!uma!corrida!transatlântica! e!houve!um!barco!que!já!partiu.!Nem!lhe! vou!dizer!que!partiu!para!o!lado!errado! e!que!assim!não!vai!ganhar!porque! depois!ele!diziaame!“Não!se!preocupe!o! senhor!pode!partir!quando!os!barcos! chegarem”.!Mas!eu!acho!que!os! comissários!franceses!que!estão!nas! ilhas!Canárias!são!uns!marinheiros!de! água!doce.!Não!percebem!nada!de!nana.! E!aposto!que!devem!ser!mesmo!de!água! doce!porque!um!indígena!disseame!que! ele!devia!ser!completamente!maluco! porque!tinha!feito!um!tanque!para! tomar!banho!ao!pé!do!mar!e!que!ainda! ! ! ! por!cima!já!tinha!uma!piscina.!Acho!que! isso!choca!muito!os!indígenas,!mas!é! verdade!que!os!comissários!franceses! são!doidos.!E!ainda!por!cima!eles!não! percebem!nada!de!nada.!Isso!chateiaame! e!aos!indígenas!também. ! ! Mattia!Denisse,!Logo.depois.da.vírgula,!2011! ! ! PITIPÍN%La!película!es!un!retrato!de! frontera!en!el!sentido!geográfico!del! título!(los!arraianos,!las!personas!que! viven!en!la!zona!fronteriza!de!Galicia!y! Portugal),!pero!sobre!todo!en!un!sentido! de!cohabitación!entre!un!mundo! material!y!otro!mundo!más!cercano!a!la! imaginación,!el!mito!y!la!leyenda.!La! relación!entre!estos!dos!mundos,!uno! más!concreto!y!físico!y!otro!más!cercano! a!lo!imaginario!y!a!la!proyección!de! aquello!que!somos!está!presente!en!el! film.!Esa!frontera!que!de!forma!más!o! menos!consciente!cruzamos!todos!los! días!muchas!veces.!Pienso!que!el!cine!es! un!arte!que!en!gran!medida!se!basa!en!la! conjunción!de!estos!dos!mundos,!que! materializa!en!imágenes!y!en!el!tiempo! esa!lucha!y!diálogo.!El!cuento!de!Pitipín! que!una!señora!cuenta!en!una!ventana! deja!entrever!este!mismo!conflicto:!¿qué! es!lo!que!nos!alimenta!y!nos!hace!seguir! adelante,!el!pan!fruto!del!trabajo!o!los! sueños!de!ese!hermano!fantasioso?! Probablemente!una!mezcla!de!las!dos! cosas!porque!la!memoria,!aquello!que! somos,!se!construye!con!una!mezcla!de! la!realidad!y!la!construcción!mítica!de! esa!realidad.!En!este!sentido,!tal!vez! Pitipín,!el!hermano!utópico!y!soñador,! sea!en!el!fondo!el!más!realista!porque!la! realidad!se!construye,!ante!todo,! imaginándola. % ! Eloy!Enciso,!livro!do!DVD!a!publicar!em!2013! ! ! POINT%On!se!rappelle!que!Gédéon! Spilett!et!Harbert!avaient!pris,!à! plusieurs!reprises,!des!vues! photographiques!de!l’île!Lincoln. Or,!le!17!de!ce!mois!d’octobre,!vers!trois! heures!du!soir,!Harbert,!séduit!par!la! pureté!du!ciel,!eut!la!pensée!de!reproa duire!toute!la!baie!de!l’Union!qui!faisait! face!au!plateau!de!Grandea!Vue,!depuis! le!cap!Mandibule!jusqu’au!cap!Griffe. % ! 93 ! L’horizon!était!admirablement!dessiné,! et!la!mer,!ondulant!sous!une!brise!molle,! présentait!à!son!arrièreaplan! l’immobilité!des!eaux!d’un!lac,!piquetées! çà!et!là!de!paillons!lumineux. L’objectif!avait!été!placé!à!l’une!des! fenêtres!de!la!grande!salle!de!Granitea House,!et!par!conséquent,!il!dominait!la! grève!et!la!baie.!Harbert!procéda!comme! il!avait!l’habitude!de!le!faire,!et,!le!cliché! obtenu,!il!alla!le!fixer!au!moyen!des! substances!qui!étaient!déposées!dans!un! réduit!obscur!de!GraniteaHouse. Revenu!en!pleine!lumière,!en!l’examia nant!bien,!Harbert!aperçut!sur!son!cliché! un!petit!point!presque!imperceptible!qui! tachait!l’horizon!de!mer. Il!essaya!de!le!faire!disparaître!par!un! lavage!réitéré,!mais!il!ne!put!y!parvenir. “!C’est!un!défaut!qui!se!trouve!dans!le! verre!“,!pensaatail. Et!alors!il!eut!la!curiosité!d’examiner!ce! défaut!avec!une!forte!lentille!qu’il! dévissa!de!l’une!des!lunettes. Mais,!à!peine!eutail!regardé,!qu’il!poussa! un!cri!et!que!le!cliché!faillit!lui!échapper! des!mains. Courant!aussitôt!à!la!chambre!où!se! tenait!Cyrus!Smith,!il!tendit!le!cliché!et!la! lentille!à!l’ingénieur,!en!lui!indiquant!la! petite!tache. Cyrus!Smith!examina!ce!point!;!puis,! saisissant!sa!longueavue,!il!se!précipita! vers!la!fenêtre. La!longueavue,!après!avoir!parcouru! lentement!l’horizon,!s’arrêta!enfin!sur!le! point!suspect,!et!Cyrus!Smith,! l’abaissant,!ne!prononça!que!ce!mot!:!“! Navire!!!“ Et,!en!effet,!un!navire!était!en!vue!de!l’île! Lincoln!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jules!Verne,!L’île.mystérieuse,!1874! ! ! POLYGLOTA,!île!de!la!mer!Rouge,!où! vit!une!race!versatile,!celle!des! Polyglotes.!Ces!gens,!qui!parlent!toutes! les!langues,!paralysent!de!stupeur! l’étranger!de!rencontre!et!peuvent!ainsi! le!manger!cru!suraleachamp.!Chose! jamais!vue!à!Paris,!en!dépit!de!la!légende! populaire.!Dans!la!même!île,!mais!sur!la! côte!opposée,!vivent!des!hommes!de! neuf!mètres!de!haut,!dont!le!corps,!fait!! 94 ! ! ! ! de!marbre!blanc,!est!équipé!d’ailes!de! chauveasouris.!La!nuit,!ils!utilisent!leurs! oreilles!comme!matelas!et!comme! couvertures.!Dès!que!l’un!de!ces! hommes!aperçoit!un!autre!être!humain,! il!dresse!ses!immenses!organes!auditifs! et!s’envole!précipitamment!vers!les! déserts!intérieurs.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Anonyme,! Liber.monstrorum.de.diversis.generibus,!IXe! siècle! ! ! PONTO%DE%VISTA!Sempre!muito! ofegantes,!e!com!uns!membros! compridos!que!agitam!a!todo!o!passo.!E! que!pouco!arredondados!são,!sem!a! imponência!das!formas!bem!acabadas!e! plenas,!com!aquela!cabeça!pequena!e! móvel!em!que!parece!concentrarase!toda! a!sua!estranha!vida.!Surgem!deslizando! sobre!o!mar,!mas!não!a!nadar,!como!se! fossem!pássaros,!e!infligem!a!morte!com! fragilidade!e!uma!ferocidade!graciosa.! Fazem!longos!silêncios,!mas!depois! gritam!uns!com!os!outros!com!fúria! repentina,!numa!algazarra!de!sons!que! pouco!variam!e!aos!quais!falta!a! perfeição!dos!nossos!sons!essenciais:! chamamento,!amor,!pranto!do!luto.!E! como!deve!ser!penoso!o!amor!entre!eles,! e!rude,!quase!brusco,!imediato,!sem!uma! manta!macia!de!gordura,!facilitado!pela! sua!natureza!filiforme,!que!não! contempla!a!heróica!dificuldade!da! união!nem!os!esplêndidos!e!ternos! esforços!para!alcançáala.! Não!gostam!da!água,!até!a!receiam,!não! se!compreendendo!por!que!razão!a! frequentam.!Também!se!deslocam!em! bandos,!mas!não!trazem!fêmeas;!deduza se!que!elas!se!encontram!algures,!mas! sempre!invisíveis.!Por!vezes!cantam,! mas!só!para!si,!e!esse!canto!não!é!um! chamamento,!mas!uma!forma!de! lamento!pungente.!Cansamase!depressa,! e!quando!a!noite!cai!estendemase!sobre! as!pequenas!ilhas!que!os!conduzem,!e!é! provável!que!adormeçam!ou!olhem!para! a!Lua.!Passam!deslizando!em!silêncio!e! percebease!que!estão!tristes. ! ! ! Antonio!Tabucchi,!“Post!Scriptum!–!Uma!baleia! vê!os!homens”,!1983! ! ! ! POOR%IMAGE!The!poor!image!is!a! copy!in!motion.!Its!quality!is!bad,!its! resolution!substandard.!As!it! accelerates,!it!deteriorates.!It!is!a!ghost! of!an!image,!a!preview,!a!thumbnail,!an! errant!idea,!an!itinerant!image! distributed!for!free,!squeezed!through! slow!digital!connections,!compressed,! reproduced,!ripped,!remixed,!as!well!as! copied!and!pasted!into!other!channels!of! distribution. The!poor!image!is!a!rag!or!a!rip;!an!AVI! or!a!JPEG,!a!lumpen!proletarian!in!the! class!society!of!appearances,!ranked!and! valued!according!to!its!resolution.!The! poor!image!has!been!uploaded,! downloaded,!shared,!reformatted,!and! reedited.!It!transforms!quality!into! accessibility,!exhibition!value!into!cult! value,!films!into!clips,!contemplation! into!distraction.!The!image!is!liberated! from!the!vaults!of!cinemas!and!archives! and!thrust!into!digital!uncertainty,!at!the! expense!of!its!own!substance.!The!poor! image!tends!towards!abstraction:!it!is!a! visual!idea!in!its!very!becoming. The!poor!image!is!an!illicit!fiftha generation!bastard!of!an!original!image.! Its!genealogy!is!dubious.!Its!filenames! are!deliberately!misspelled.!It!often! defies!patrimony,!national!culture,!or! indeed!copyright.!It!is!passed!on!as!a! lure,!a!decoy,!an!index,!or!as!a!reminder! of!its!former!visual!self.!It!mocks!the! promises!of!digital!technology.!Not!only! is!it!often!degraded!to!the!point!of!being! just!a!hurried!blur,!one!even!doubts! whether!it!could!be!called!an!image!at! all.!Only!digital!technology!could! produce!such!a!dilapidated!image!in!the! first!place. ! ! ! ! Hito!Steyerl,!In.Defense.of.the.Poor.Image,!2011! ! ! PONTOS,%UNIR%OS%Acredito!que!a! imagem!não!encenada!possui!um!poder! narrativo!mais!completo!e!poético!do! que!a!imagem!encenada.! Necessitamos!de!imagens!novas,!porque! as!que!temos!estão!gastas!e!amestradas.! Interessamame!as!imagens!muito!vistas! –!sejam!avestruzes!a!fugir!dum!incêndio! na!planície!alentejana!ou!um!ilhéua rochedo!no!meio!do!Atlântico!cheio!de! ! ! ! ! animais!selvagens!–!ainda!que!não!saiba! exactamente!o!que!significam.!Acredito! que!estas!imagens!são!como!pontos!na! paisagem,!e!que,!como!naqueles!jogos!de! crianças,!eu!serei!capaz!de!unir!esses! pontos!numa!certa!ordem!e!assim!obter! uma!outra!imagem,!mais!clara,!uma! imagem!de!nós!mesmos. ! ! André!Principe,!2013! ! ! PONTS%La!“!médiation!”!est! symboliquement!représentée!par! l’image!d’un!pont!ou,!plus!précisément,! par!l’image!du!petit!pont!de!pierre!en! dos!d’âne!du!village,!qu’empruntent! aussi!bien!des!véhicules!réels!que!des! véhicules!en!modèle!réduit,!non!sans! rencontrer!quelques!difficultés.!Comme! “!concept!”,!cette!image!renvoie!aux! relations!entre!les!différents!stades! culturels!(le!Tiers!Monde!et!le!Premier! Monde)!;!entre!les!différents!“!niveaux!”! de!vie!sociale!qui!vont!avec! l’hétérogénéité!des!épisodes!de!The. Perfumed.Nightmare,.passant!sans! avertissement!de!la!technologie!au! travail,!de!l’art!à!la!politique,!de! l’anthropologie!à!l’embourgeoisement,! sans!se!préoccuper!de!niveler!la!voie!ni! de!ménager!des!“!transition!”!(des! ponts)!moins!heurtée!;!elle!renvoie!enfin! aux!relations!entre!le!passé!et!le!futur,! entre!l’enfermement!et!la!liberté.!Dans! une!œuvre!représentationnelle,!ces! transitions!délicates!auraient! nécessairement!été!dissimulées!sous!la! vraisemblance!de!l’intrigue!et!grâce!à!la! naturalisation!hypnotique!du!travail!de! la!caméra.!Dans!le!cinéma!d’Eisenstein,! ces!entrecroisements,!rebaptisés! montage!auraient!été!convertis,!par! violence!et!par!décret,!en!formules!et!en! slogans!puissants,!en!relations!concrètes! magiquement!transformées!en!modèles! “!dialectiques!”.!Chez!Godard,!qui!offrira! ici!et!ailleurs!les!coordonnées!du! Premier!Monde!les!plus!éclairantes!pour! penser!le!cinéma!de!Kidlat,!la!médiation! aurait!été!projetée!à!l'écran’!comme!un! problème!ouvert!–!image!et!texte!dosaàa dos!et!incommensurables,!le!problème! étant!sans!résolution!mais! irrépressiblement!posé,!prétexte!à!de! continuels!retours!aux!antinomies!qui,! 95 ! suffisamment!répétées,!se!seraient! transformées!en!“!thèmes!”!d’un!type! littéraire!suranné. ! Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011! ! ! PORTRAIT!A!woman!stands!by!a! window!looking!out,!her!hand!resting!on! the!sill.!She!wears!a!headscarf.!The!way! she!is!lit!and!her!immobility!make!the! image!look!like!a!Renaissance!painting.! ! ! an!organism,!a!complex!body!tortured! by!injustice,!exploitation,!greed.! Medicine!and!drugs:!treatment,!and!also! drugs!as!a!refuge!in!crisis!stricken! Portugal.!Illness!as!a!history!of!the!poor.! Debt!as!sin.!Tests!as!injustice!when!the! Spanish!government!cuts!the!public! health!funds.!The!directoratraveler!is!a! witness,!sometimes!lost!and!confused,! who!slowly!walks!towards!a!new! conscience.!Not!a!happy!ending!nor!a! redemption:!a!way!of!dealing!with!“sad! times.”!Images!that!may!look!“simple”!(a! wasp,!a!tree,!a!face)!become!complex! sentences!that!match!the!sentences!of! the!narration's!text.!Humor!and!refined! wit!are!playful!tools!to!tell!a!few! personal!conclusions,!like!in:!“Favorite! pastime!for!virologists:!are!viruses! alive?!Without!an!agreement!on!the! definition!of!living.!Favorite!pastime!for! some!biologists:!writing!banalities!about! God,!homages!to!Anglican!atheism.”!A! fragile!insect!trembles.!In!the! background!of!the!shot,!the!blurred! silhouette!of!a!building.!A!bankrupt! bank? Pinto’s!cinema!is!about!the!fruitful! possibilities!of!images,!far!from!cheap! symbolism,!in!the!simplicity!that!was! called!“evidence.”!His!belief!is!in! cinema’s!capacity!to!express!the! incomprehensible!and!to!conquer! knowledge!and!conscience!thanks!to!its! most!basic!elements:!frame,!vibration!of! light,!time,!cut.!And!to!its!capacity!to! make!the!past!present,!to!have!friendly! ghosts!walk!and!smile!again,!to!engrave! fleeting!moments!in!collective!memory. Pinto’s!filmic!journey!ends!with! Francisco!de!Holanda’s!images.!A!figure! of!Eros!and!a!sentence.!Does!the! sentence!contains!the!words!“Nuno”!and! “love”?!It!is!a!sentence!of!Virgil,!and!it! goes:!Nunc.scio.quid.sit.amor.!“Now!I! know!what!love!is.”!Could!it!be!the! same? % ! ! % POSSIBILITIES%The!traveler’s!voice! and!the!traveler’s!image:!a!distance!and! a!proximity.!Long!shots!of!vibrant! nature!or!long!shots!of!the!traveler’s! face!while!he’s!talking!to!us!through!the! camera!lens:!the!directoratraveler!has!a! witness,!and!this!witness!is!treated!as!a! friend!–!each!of!us!viewers!is!a! companion.!Someone!who!can!enjoy!the! delicate!movements!of!an!insect!and! share!the!sleepless!night!of!pain!and! confusion.!Sequences!of!work!in!the!field! or!of!fighting!the!fire!in!the!countryside! where!Pinto!and!Nuno!live,!moments!to! share!a!conversation!with!a!neighbor!or! to!talk!about!money:!traces!that!become! an!everlasting!“present!time,”!starting! points!of!longer!roads.!To!produce!one’s! own!food!(as!much!as!possible),!to!live! among!others!living!one’s!love,!to!listen! to!the!dark!vibrations!of!one’s!body!all! carry!a!political!dimension:!the!world!is! around,!in!the!TV!programs!or!on!the! Internet,!in!the!daily!papers!of!Spain!and! Portugal.!Fighting!is!global:!mankind!is! 96 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MarieaPierre!Duhamel,!“Joaquim!Pinto's!What. Now?.Remind.Me”,!www.!mubi.com,!2013! ! ! POSTMODERNITE!En!affaiblissant!les! formes!anciennes!de!l’autonomie! esthétiques,!en!renversant!les!frontières! qui!séparaient!la!grande!culture!de!la! culture!de!masse!ainsi!que!la!distinction! entre!la!langue!littéraire!et!les!autres! formes!de!discours,!en!noyant!enfin!la! fiction!dans!une!immense!bain!de! représentations!et!d’imagesaspectacle! désormais!tout!aussi!réelles!que! n’importe!quel!référent,!la!situation! postamoderne!a,!peutaêtre! involontairement,!libéré!de!nouvelles! possibilités. pesante!farsi!carico!di!una!soma!che!è! pesante!a!sua!volta!e!che!ha!un!processo! incomprensibile!e!un!esito!che!lo!è! altrettanto,!è!duro!farsi!carico!di!un! fardello!incomprensibile!e!tremendo.!Se! comprendi!perché!lo!fai,!va!tutto!bene! anche!se!non!ne!condividi!le!ragioni.! Mentre!quando!sei!giovane!e!non!ne!sei! del!tutto!consapevole,!è!ovviamente!tutt'! altro!che!facile. Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011! Aleksander!Sokurov,!“Sokurov!di!fronte!a!noi! (lontano!da!noi)”,!Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di. cinema,!2003! ! ! ! ! POVINNOST%coscrizione/!costrizione!–! confession/!obedience:!La!vita!di!un! uomo,!il!suo!adattarsi!alla!vita!in! circostanze!in!cui!non!è!totalmente! libero,!in!cui!c'è!qualcosa!di!più!forte!che! lo!schiaccia!e!che!determina!la!sua!vita,! come!vive!la!gente!in!circostanze! analoghe,!ha!a!mio!avviso!un!interesse! enorme!per!l'arte,!per!la!letteratura,!per! la!storia.!L'uomoamilitare,!il!suo!trovarsi! in!quel!che!si!è!soliti!chiamare!esercito,!è! di!enorme!interesse!per!la!creazione!di! un!tessuto!artistico;!e!l'importante!non!è! che!un!uomo!indossi!o!meno!l'uniforme! (che,!comunque,!ha!la!sua!importanza),! ma!che!noi!possiamo!osservare!una!vita! integra,!coerente!e!purissima!nelle!sue! manifestazioni,!senza!divagazioni!di! sorta.! E!il!film,!che!ha!il!titolo!secondo!me! precisissimo!(in!russo,!per!lo!meno,!lo!è)! di!Coscrizione/Costrizione,!è!proprio!il! riflesso!di!questo!profondo!interesse.! Quando!parliamo!di!persone!limitate! nella!loro!libertà!dal!fatto!di!prestare! servizio!nell'esercito,!parliamo!di! persone!che!sono!ancora!in!fieri,!di! giovani!che!nella!loro!vita!futura! possono!diventare!qualunque!cosa.!La! parola!russa!povinnost'!indica!proprio! ciò!di!cui!l'uomo!deve!farsi!carico,!il! fardello!che!la!persona!è!costretta!a! portare.!È!di!questo!che!si!parla.!non!di! una!sottomissione!religiosa!Anche!se!è! vero!che!un!tempo!era!a!Cristo!che!si!era! sottomessi,!non!c'è!dubbio.! Nel!film,!però,!si!ha!a!fare!con!il!fardello! de!cui!fa!carico!una!persona!che!non!ha! la!possibilità!di!prendere!piena! coscienza!del!senso!e!dell'inevitabilità!di! questa!metafora!della!vita,!di!questo! momento!vitale.!Per!un!uomo!è!molto! % ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! PRIMITIVE!As!a!general!rule!one! should!be!skeptical!when!a!film!maker!is! described!as!a!primitive.!Because!it's! virtually!impossible!to!be!primitive!in!a! discipline!of!such!technical! sophistication,!genuinelyprimitive!fil!m! makers!are!more!rare!than!genuinely! primitive!nuclear!physicists.!The!quite! extraordinary!exception!to!this!rule!is!a! 38ayearaold!Philippine!film!maker! named!Kidlat!Tahimik,!whose!first! feature,!''The!Perfumed!Nightmare,''! opens!today!in!the!Agee!Room!at!the! Bleecker!Street!Cinema.!Here!is!a!sweet,! funny,!witty,!intelligent!little!movie,! which!is!also!primitive!to!the!extent!that! its!style!is!direct,!sometimes!awkward! but!always!unselfconscious.!It!tends!to! defy!analysis!by!being!so!successfully!–! and!so!exactly!–!what!it!appears!to!be,! that!is,!a!meditation!by!a!young!man!on! his!life!and!the!world!he!aspires!to!join.! […]!In!''The!Perfumed!Nightmare,''! Kidlat!Tahimik!is!his!own!leading!man,!a! small,!slightly!built!fellow!with!a!wispy! mustache!and!an!enchantingly! unflappable!manner.!Kidlat!is!not!faux! naif.!He's!a!student!of!life!who!is! beginning!in!kindergarten!and! advancing!fast.! ! ! Vincent!Canby,!“From!Philippines,!Perfumed. Nightmare”,!New.York.Times,!1980! ! ! PRÍNCIPE,%ANDRÉ!Porto,!1976.! Estudou!Psicologia!e!Cinema,!área!de! montagem!na!ESTC.!Exposições! Individuais!no!Centro!Português!de! Fotografia,!Encontros!de!Imagem!de! Braga,!Galeria!Fernando!Santos!e!Silo!e! colectivas!em!Londres,!Madrid,! 97 ! Barcelona,!Paris,!Rio!de!Janeiro,!Viena,! etc.!Tem!cinco!livros!publicados:!Tunnels! (2005),!Master.and.Everyone!(2009),!I. thought.you.knew.where.all.of.the. elephants.lie.down!(2010),!Perfume.do. Boi!(2012)!e!Smell.of.Tiger.precedes. Tiger!(2012).!É!fundador!e!editor!da! Pierre!von!Kleist!editions.!Realizou! curtasametragem!e!longasametragens,! como!Before.the.Ghost.House!ou!Traces. of.a.Diary,!coarealização!de!Marco! Martins,!com!Nobuyoshi!Araki!e!Daido! Moriyama,!e!que!teve!presença!em! vários!festivais!Internacionais!como! Indie!Lisboa,!New!Horizons!Wroclaw,! Rio!de!Janeiro,!Gotemburgo,!Bedford,! Silverdocs!Washington!e!Documenta! Madrid,!onde!ganhou!o!prémio! honorário!do!Júri.!O!seu!último!filme,! Campo.de.Flamingos.sem.flamingos,! estreou!no!Indie!Lisboa!2013. % ! ! PROGRAMA%(CONCEPÇÃO%DO)% Duas!ideias!do!primeiro!ciclo!Doc’s! Kingdom!mantêmase!inalteráveis:!o! programa!é!um!trabalho!colectivo!(em! que!nos!continuamos!a!demarcar!do! hábito!crescente!da!“curatorship”! individual);!o!tema,!ou!o!denominador! comum!encontrado,!é!sobretudo!uma! base!para!pensar!em!possíveis!variações.! Repetimos!que!não!convocámos!um! encontro!para!discutir.um.tema.!O!tema! é!ao!mesmo!tempo!uma!constatação!(o! que!há!de!comum!entre!um!grande! número!de!filmes!fortes!dos!últimos! anos?!Que!forças!subterrâneas!nos! parecem!unialos?!Que!antecedentes! encontramos!para!eles,!ou!que!rimas! nos!sugerem!eles,!numa!história!do! cinema!por!fazer?)!e!uma!entre!várias! possíveis!sugestões!no!arranque!dos! debates.!Mas!o!Doc’s!Kingdom!é!um! lugar!para!discutir!filmes!concretos!a! partir!daquilo!que,!em!visionamentos! concretos!e!no!seio!de!um!grupo! concreto,!esse!grupo!quiser!discutir.! Mais!do!que!partir!do!tema!é!assim! fundamental!deixar!que!se!parta!dos! filmes,!sabendo!escutáalos!e! demonstrando!total!abertura!para!o!que! eles!nos!estejam!a!dizer!como!obras! únicas,!ao!mesmo!tempo!unas,! contraditórias!e!irredutíveis!(e!portanto! 98 ! ! ! ! irredutíveis!a!este!ou!qualquer!tema,!ou! à!análise!dele).! Em!coerência!com!isto,!a!grelha!do! programa!é!pensada!tanto!para!ligar! como!para!romper.!Por!um!lado,!foi! construída!a!partir!de!uma!leitura! possível!do!que!é!comum!a!algum! cinema!contemporâneo!(este!ano:!a! hipótese!da!ilha,!ou!a!ideia!de!ilha),! identificando!um!espaço!de! preocupações!comuns,!uma!linha! possível!de!ecos!ou!ressonâncias!entre! as!obras.!Por!outro,!no!sentido!inverso,! visa!confrontar!registos!ou!dispositivos! diferentes,!e!mesmo,!de!dia!para!dia,! fazer!irromper!outros!universos,!não! deixando!que!se!instale!um!modo!único! ou!algo!que!se!assemelhe!a!uma!chave.! Ao!fim!de!cada!dia!falaremos!do!que! vimos!nesse!dia.!Em!regra,!no!começo!do! dia!seguinte,!seremos!convidados!a! entrar!num!outro!território.!O!encontro! será!assim,!para!cada!um!dos! participantes,!o!que!para!ele!for!ao! mesmo!tempo!essa!variação!e!essa! acumulação.! % ! ! José!Manuel!Costa,!2013! ! Ivan!Labayne,!“Getting!burned!in!“sunny! development”,! www.ivanlabayne.wordpress.com,!2012! ! ! PROGRESSO%Conheço!os!Homens! melhor!do!que!tu.!Não!hão!de!tardar! muito,!afiançoate,!a!dar!cabo!deste!vale! fértil!e!a!transformáalo!num!inferno.!É! isso!a!que!chamam!progresso.!Nunca! ouviste!falar!de!progresso?!Pois!fica!a! saber!que!quando!alguém!te!falar!de! progresso,!é!porque!quer!escravizarate.! Em!todo!o!caso,!por!enquanto,!tens!à!tua! volta!uma!segurança!magnífica.!E!tu! queres!largáala!!És!doido,!não!sabes!o! que!te!espera. ! % Albert!Cossery!(fonte!desconhecida)! ! ! PROSPERO’S%ISLAND!or!Caliban’s! Island,!probably!in!the!Mediterranean,! between!Tunis!and!Naples!(although!a! tale!told!by!shipwrecked!sailors! pinpoints!the!Caribbean).!The!island!is! inhabited!by!the!monster!Caliban!–! something!between!a!sea!and!a!land! animal!–!goblins!and!several!spirits,! among!them!one!called!Ariel.! The!god!of!the!island!is!Setebos,!said!to! live!on!the!moon!which!he!created! together!with!the!sun!and!the!sea.! The!deposed!Duke!of!Milan,!Prospero,! lived!here!with!his!daughter!Miranda,! later!Queen!of!Naples,!in!the!early!years! of!the!seventeenth!century.!His!cell,!near! a!muddy!lake,!still!remains,!sheltered! within!a!grove!from!the!sometimes!wild! weather.!His!remarkable!library,!which! consists!mainly!of!books!on!magic!and! the!occult,!is!still!almost!intact!–!only! one!volume!appears!to!be!missing.!The! magic!staff!he!was!known!to!carry!is! thought!to!be!buried!nearby.! There!are!both!fertile!and!barren!spots! on!the!island,!fresh!springs!and!brinea pits,!and!a!vast!area!covered!with!briars,! furzes!and!pricking!goss.!Pignuts!and! filberts!can!be!found!as!well!as!many! small!animals,!including!toads,!adders,! tortoises,!moles,!jays,!scamels,!beetles! and!gnats.!Oaks!and!pine!trees!(like!the! one!in!which!Ariel!was!for!a!time! imprisoned!by!the!witch!Sycorax,! mother!of!Caliban)!grow!here.!The! island!is!full!of!noises,!sounds!and!sweet! ! ! ! PROGRESS!We!should!ask:!what!has! happened!to!the!idea!of!progress!Kidlat! Tahimik!both!filmed!and!lived!with!and! came!up!in!the!name!of!Perfumed! Nightmare?!When!the!storm!blows!the! cocoon,!the!butterfly!embraces!the!sun! and!more!or!less!got!burned,!and!hence,! must!opt!for!a!new!path!and!a!new! destination.!A!path!and!destination!that! are!both!selfaset,!as!the!film!would!tell! towards!its!end.!The!bridges!were!either! left!unfinished!or!destroyed!and!so! Kidlat’s!and!the!film’s!exhortations:! choosing!one’s!own!vehicle;!choosing! one’s!own!bridge.!The!capitalistic! monster!continues!to!haunt!and!more! terrifyingly!so!as!it!commences!its!late! stage!and!purports!to!construct!avenues! for!human!development!in!the!name!of! its!genuine!objective:!perpetual!growth! of!capital!and!profit!for!the!weal!of!the! few!at!the!expense!of!the!majority.! Classical!sloganaish!message!adroitly! transformed!by!the!film!into!a!clean! narrative!profuse!with!wellaplaced,! mostly!bricolaged!images. ! ! ! ! ! ! airs.!A!soft,!enchanting!music!can!be! heard!sometimes!and!will!not!harm,!but! other!sounds!–!such!as!a!curious!echo!or! the!beating!of!a!tabor!–!should!be! ignored.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!William! Shakespeare,!The.Tempest,!London,!1623;! Robert!Browning,!“Caliban!upon!Setebos,”!in! Dramatis.Personae,!London,!1864! ! ! PROXIMIDADE!Depois!pensou!na!Ilha! e!a!definiu!como!inatingível! proximidade. ! ! Umberto!Eco,!A.Ilha.do.Dia.Anterior,!1994! ! ! PTEROPODE%Si!Cyrus!Smith!ne!se! trompait!pas!dans!son!évaluation,!l’île! avait,!à!peu!de!chose!près,!l’étendue!de! Malte!ou!Zante,!dans!la!Méditerranée!;! mais!elle!était,!à!la!fois,!beaucoup!plus! irrégulière,!et!moins!riche!en!caps,! promontoires,!pointes,!baies,!anses!ou! criques.!Sa!forme,!véritablement! étrange,!surprenait!le!regard,!et!quand! Gédéon!Spilett,!sur!le!conseil!de! l’ingénieur,!en!eut!dessiné!les!contours,! on!trouva!qu’elle!ressemblait!à!quelque! fantastique!animal,!une!sorte!de! ptéropode!monstrueux,!qui!eût!été! endormi!à!la!surface!du!Pacifique.! % ! Jules!Verne,!L’île.mystérieuse,!1874! ! ! PURSUE!I!come!from!an!island,!an!odd! one,!with!strange!habits!and!a!history!of! literary!explorers!of!darkly!optimistic! utopias,!beginning!with!the!founder,!Sir! Thomas!More,!and!moving!through! Samuel!Butler!and!Richard!Jeffries,!to! Anna!Kavan!and!JG!Ballard.!I!have! fuelled!on!these!ideas!and!taken!trips,! both!oneiric!and!actual,!to!discover! present!and!future!possibilities!for! island!utopias.!I!like!to!think!about!small! communities!trying!to!find!their!way! through!possible!utopias,!and!how,!if! isolated,!these!possibilities!could!differ! so!radically!from!one!another.!So!what! does!utopia!mean?!Certainly!not!one! answer.!The.Creation.As.We.Saw.It,!and! concurrently!Let.Us.Persevere…,!were! made!in!something!a!contemporary! utopia,!where!people!having!chosen! very!specifically!to!follow!a!particular! 99 ! path!to!happiness,!through!a!rejection!of! encroaching!capitalist,!individualist! thinking.!These!films!follow!in!some! ways!from!a!film!I!made!called!Slow. Action!–!an!account!of!four!future! islands!societies,!how!far!in!the!future! we!don’t!know,!but!far.!These!are! fictional!worlds!that!work!with!existing! places!and!people!to!think!about!the! position!of!a!utopia!in!relation!to! something!else!also!calling!itself!utopia.! Moving!in!the!opposite!direction!from! Slow.Action!in!time,!The.Creation…!looks! back!to!the!past,!the!recent!past!of! ethnographic!filmmaking,!and!the!deep! mythic!past!of!the!origins!of!things,! humans,!volcanoes,!but!with!an!eye! embedded!in!the!present.!In!these!films,! stories,!rituals!and!accounts!are!passed! around!between!humans!–!this!is!what! stories!are!for,!not!to!hold!to!oneself!but! to!share.!In!the!process!stories!can! become!unreliable!in!terms!of!factual! certainty,!which!to!me!is!good,!because! to!pin!things!down!is!to!become!fixed.! This!moves!onwards!into!A.Spell,!a!film! that!proposes!that!utopia!can!be!found! in!the!present!–!meaning!that!we!cannot! expect!it!to!be!something!that!can!last,! but!we!can!still!attempt!it,!move!through! it.!Ultimately!this!applies!also!to!cinema,! a!temporary!utopia!where!one!is!in!both! a!shared!communal!experience,!while! simultaneously!having!an!individual! experience!–!and!in!the!best!cases,!an! experience!that!can!be!transformative.!A. Spell!could!simply!be!a!light!cast!in!a! dark!room,!like!the!first!cinema,!which! was!fire.! ! ! Ben!Rivers,!2013! ! ! ! QUESTION%The!film![Study.of.an. Island]is!about!the!difficulty!of!asking! the!right!questions!when!we!are!talking! to!one!another.!And!the!confusions!that! produce!answers!to!questions!that!were! not!asked.!It!is!about!how!we!can! understand!what!we!see.!And!how!we! can!see!what!we!do!not!understand. ! ! Norbert!Jochum,!“Rites!and!wrongs!on!a!distant! island”,!Die.Zeit,!1979! ! ! Vladimir:!Where!are!your!boots?! Estragon:!I!must!have!thrown!them! away.! Vladimir:!When?! Estragon:!I!don't!know.! Vladimir:!Why?! Estragon:!(exasperated).!I!don't!know! why!I!don't!know!! Vladimir:!No,!I!mean!why!did!you!throw! them!away?! Estragon:!(exasperated).!Because!they! were!hurting!me!! Vladimir:!(triumphantly,.pointing.to.the. boots).!There!they!are!!(Estragon. looks.at.the.boots.)!At!the!very!spot! % ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! QUOTE% 100 ! where!you!left!them!yesterday!! (Estragon.goes.towards.the.boots,. inspects.them.closely.) Estragon:!They're!not!mine.! Vladimir:!(stupefied).!Not!yours!! Estragon:!Mine!were!black.!These!are! brown.! Vladimir:!You're!sure!yours!were!black?! Estragon:!Well!they!were!a!kind!of!gray.! Vladimir:!And!these!are!brown.!Show! me.! Estragon:!(picking.up.a.boot).!Well! they're!a!kind!of!green.![…] Vladimir:!It's!elementary.!Someone! came!and!took!yours!and!left!you!his.! Estragon:!Why?! Vladimir:!His!were!too!tight!for!him,!so! he!took!yours.! Estragon:!But!mine!were!too!tight.! Vladimir:!For!you.!Not!for!him.![…]!This! is!becoming!really!insignificant.! Estragon:!Not!enough.!(Silence.)! Vladimir:!What!about!trying!them.! Estragon:!i've!tried!everything.! Vladimir:!No,!I!mean!the!boots.! Estragon:!Would!that!be!a!good!thing?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 101 ! Vladimir:!It'd!pass!the!time.!(Estragon. hesitates.)!I!assure!you,!it'd!be!an! occupation.! Estragon:!A!relaxation.! Vladimir:!A!recreation.! Estragon:!A!relaxation.! Vladimir:!Try.! Estragon:!You'll!help!me?! Vladimir:!I!will!of!course.! Estragon:!We!don't!manage!too!badly,! eh!Didi,!between!the!two!of!us?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Vladimir:!Yes!yes.!Come!on,!we'll!try!the! left!first.! Estragon:!We!always!find!something,!eh! Didi,!to!give!us!the!impression!we! exist?! Vladimir:!(impatiently).!Yes!yes,!we're! magicians.!But!let!us!persevere!in! what!we!have!resolved,!before!we! forget.!(He.picks.up.a.boot.)!Come!on,! give!me!your!foot.! ! ! ! ! Samuel!Beckett,!Waiting.for.Godot,!1953! ! ! ! RACONTER%Quelque!chose!est!à! raconter!mais!l’image!qui!suffit!à! l’évoquer!peut!être!extrêmement!brève.! Inversement,!un!lieu,!un!instant!de!vie! sont!à!filmer!–!tout!est!à!voir!–!il!n’y!a! rien!besoin!de!dire.!Le!film!progresse! donc!sur!ses!deux!jambes!dans!un! chasséacroisé!perpétuel.!La!voix!donne! du!sens!à!des!images!aperçues! auparavant!;!l’on!reconnaît!soudain!ce! dont!on!a!entendu!parler!plus!tôt.!A! plusieurs!reprises,!quelques!moments! privilégiés!du!cinévoyage!nous!offrent! d’être!au!même!endroit,!son!et!image.! Instants!privilégiés!à!juste!titre!car!si!les! deux!éléments!viennent!à!se! synchroniser,!c’est!que!j’ai!plus!filmé!et! parlé!plus!longtemps,!c’est!qu’il!se! passait!quelque!chose!de!particulier.! “!Bratsk,!Bratsk!”,!ou!le!trajet!en! camionnette!OuAZ,!soudain!il!y!a! friction,!presque!fiction.!Ce!sont!comme! les!rares!moments!où!voyageant,!on! réussit!à!être!soiamême!et!à!annuler!la! distance!qui!nous!sépare!de!l’étranger.! Plane!cet!éphémère!sentiment!de! plénitude!qu’on!peut!avoir!quand,! 102 ! ! !! regardant!par!la!fenêtre!du! compartiment!lorsque!le!train!est! engagé!dans!une!courbe,!on!peut! apercevoir!les!wagons!de!tête!et!de! queue.!La!satisfaction!d’un!repère!en! commun!avec!d’autres!voyageurs. ! ! Nicolas!Rey,!La!véritable!histoire!du!voyageur! solitaire!et!les!raisons!qui!l’ont!poussé!à! entretendre!son!voyage!(en!guise!de!note! d’intention),!2001! ! ! REALITY!Characters!trapped!in!the! camera’s!gaze!writhe!selfaconsciously!or! appear!utterly!indifferent,!their! discomfiture!or!amusement!registered! bodily.!In!this!sense,!Manakamana! partakes!of!the!real!while!never!ceasing! to!be!a!performance;!indeed,!many!of! the!subjects!were!cast!(some!from! Spray’s!adoptive!Nepalese!family,!others! from!her!2009!documentary!As.Long.As. There’s.Breath),!which!complicates!that! principle!of!random!selection!by!which! documentary!practice!attempts!to! confer!a!degree!of!truth!to!what!is!being! filmed.!The!presence!of!the!camera— and!of!sound!recordist!Spray!and! 103 ! camera!operator!Velez!who,!unseen!by! the!camera,!sit!in!the!cable!cars!opposite! their!subjects—intervenes!upon!its! subjects,!and!this!very!intervention! constitutes!the!film’s!plane!of!reality.! The!influence!of!the!camera!cannot!be! reduced!or!diminished:!it!too!belongs!to! the!same!technological!realm!as!the! cable!car,!both!representing! encroachments!upon!a!landscape!and! lifestyle!hitherto!more!attuned!to!the! natural. ! ! Jay!Kuehner,!Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! ! ! caos!de!sentido!a!que!chamamos! progresso. Há!no!modo!como!este!cosmos!se!liga!e! como!as!pessoas!se!ligam!com!ele!uma! paz.!É!nesta!paz!que!procuro!pousar!o! olhar.!Um!olhar!em!tudo!económico,! livre!de!ansiedade,!onde!a!matéria! revela!tempo,!onde!o!tempo!aclara!o! olhar!e!onde!olhar!se!torna!visão. Da!solidão!nascem!pensamentos,!ou! antes,!estar!sozinho!fazanos!falar!para! nós.!Este!filme!é!o!resultado!de!uma! vivência!nestes!locais,!logo!das!minhas! conversas!com!eles.! Será!então!o!esquecimento!não!uma! forma!de!maltratar!mas!antes!de! preservar?! ! ! ! REDLIGIO.Vista!do!céu,!à!noite,!a!terra! surge!pontilhada!pela!luz!artificial.! Vemos!claramente!os!pontos!onde!o! Homem!assentou.!Reticulados! luminosos!que!correspondem!a!centros! de!trabalho,!de!poder,!de!civilização.! Por!contraponto!temos!entre!eles!o! negro.! Neste!silêncio!vivem!as!raízes!dos!povos.! Raízes!ainda!vivas!mas!em!degeneração! vertiginosa.! Engolidas!pelo!mundo!tecnologicamente! avançado.! Submergindo!num!desses!pontos!negros! tento!reencontrar!uma!forma!antiga!de! relação!com!o!meio,!com!as!pessoas,! com!os!animais,!com!nós!mesmos.!Vou! de!encontro!a!uma!forma!de!viver!ditada! pela!Terra!e!não!pelo!Homem!e!onde,! paradoxalmente,!o!Homem!acaba!por! viver!num!ritmo!mais!propício!ao!seu! enriquecimento.! São!sítios!abandonados!pela!nossa! sociedade!e!que!por!isso!ganharam!uma! vida!escondida.!Longe!do!artifício,!do! excesso!de!luz,!de!som,!de!pessoas.!De! ruído.! Aqui,!o!excesso!impõease!pelo!silêncio,! pelo!som!do!vento,!pelas!arvores,!pelo! sol,!pelas rochas,!pelos!insectos.!Pelo! sagrado. Proponho!os!momentos!de!silêncio!e!de! imobilidade!não!como!satélites!de!um! tema!ou!acessórios!de!uma!intriga,!mas! como!sendo!eles!próprios!o!motor!desta! conversa.! Com!este!filme!procuro!revelar!nos! mundos!escondidos!desta!serra,!a!beleza! singular!do!autêntico,!a!magia!das!coisas! simples,!o!movimento!paralelo!a!este! . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 104 ! ! !! ! ! João!Vladimiro,!Nota!de!intenções!de!Lacrau,! 2010! ! ! RECIT!Cette!voix,!on!vient!de!le!dire,! n'est!pas!celle!du!personnage!principal!–! le!commandant!–!mais!celle!de!l'auteur! qui!raconte!l'histoire!comme!une! histoire!passé. Les!images!que!nous!voyons! appartiennent!à!ce!même!temps,!à!celui! de!cette!histoire!qui!s'est!déroulé!hier!et! qui!nous!est!contée!aujourd'hui. Le!texte!qui!construit!le!récit!mené!en! voix!off!ne!saurait!être!qualifié!de! commentaire:!il!n'a!pas!pour!fonction! d'informer!sur!ce!qui!est!montré!ou! même!de!lire!ce!qui!ne!saurait!être! montré.!On!pourrait!le!qualifier! d'élément!indispensable!mais!à!lui!seul! insuffisant!pour!que!l'auteur!parvienne! à!ses!fins:!ouvrir!à!chaque!spectateur! l'âme!du!personnage!principal.!Ce!qu'il! voit,!nous!le!voyons!aussi,!nous! découvrons!dans!le!même!temps!ce!qui! s'offre!à!sa!vue!et!les!pensées!qui!lui! viennent.![…]Par!l'entremise!du!récit!de! l'auteur!nous!parvient!–!comme!dans!un! roman!–!la!voix!intérieure!du! personnage.!Le!film!offre!cependant!ce! que!le!roman!ne!saurait!nous!apporter:! en!lieu!et!place!de!la!description!de!ce! qui!est!regardé!par!le!comandant,!la! possibilité!offerte!à!chaque!spectateur! de!le!voir!de!ses!propres!yeux!(comme! disait!Pasolini:!“!Le!cinéma!exprime!la! réalité!avec!la!réalité.!”).!Pour!autant,!le! spectateur!ne!se!trouve!pas!contraint!de! partager!le!regard!du!commandant,!c'est! plutôt!la!possibilité!de!voir,!en!même! temps!que!lui!les!mêmes!choses,!qui!lui! est!ménagée,!comme!si!le!spectateur! était!convié!à!monter!à!bord,!et!à! entamer!avec!cet!homme!une!longue! conversation,!une!de!celles!qui!n'est! possible!qu'entre!deux!hommes! partageant!une!même!expérience.!Ne! peut!vraiment!comprendre!ce!que!pense! le!commandant!que!celui!qui,!lui!aussi,!a! vécu!ces!choses,!les!a!vécu!dans!une! position!similaire. tuilage,!ce!décalage,!nous!invite!d’abord! à!réfléchir!à!ce!que!la!représentation! n’est!pas!la!parole!et!la!parole!n’est!pas! la!représentation,!donc!c’est!deux!façons! d’appréhender!la!réalité!autre,!la!parole! comme!attention!à!la!réalité!et!l’image! comme!attention!à!la!réalité,!en!fait!c’est! deux!approches!différentes!de!la!réalité.! Tu!est!d’accord!avec!ce!que!je!dis!là!? Nicolas!Rey:!Oui,!bon,!je!pense!que!c’est! aussi!une!manière!d’envisager!un!recul,! c’estaàadire!que!Mekas!parle!sur!les! images!mais!il!le!fait!avec!la!distance!du! temps,!c’estaàadire!qu’il!écrit!et!dit!ses! commentaires!dix!ans!après,!donc!il!a!le! recul!historique.!Moi,!j’enregistre!en! direct!un!journal!parlé!donc,!je!n’ai!pas! un!recul!aussi!grand,!donc!je!dis!des! bêtises,!ou!parfois!des!choses!bien!aussi,! cela!fait!partie!du!direct.!Ce!recul,!si!l’on! veut!le!donner!dans!le!film!pour!éviter! être!dans!un!truc!stupide,!passe!par!ce! décalage!qui!fait!qu’on!a,!d’une!certaine! manière,!une!distance.!On!a!une!distance! entre!le!son!et!l’image,!et!c’est!ça!qui!met! aussi!à!distance!ce!qui!est!dit!et!ce!qui! est!montré. A.A.S.!:!Quand!tu!dis!“!dire!des!bêtises!”,! quelquefois!tu!te!reprends,!mais!je! pense!que!les!choses!que!l’on!dit!comme! des!bêtises,!on!peut!dire!n’importe!quoi! en!fait!si!on!s’interroge!d’une!façon! psychanalytique,!ça!fait!sens. N.R.!:!Ça!dépend!ce!qu’on!appelle!dire! n’importe!quoi.!Quand!on!voyage!on!a! des!a!priori,!c’est!difficile!d’être!dans!le! présent,!on!pense!à!là!où!on!va!aller,!on! a!là!derrière!soi!d’où!l’on!vient,!et!c’est! difficile!d’appréhender!le!réel,!tout!est! neuf!comme!à!travers!la!vitre!du!train,! comprendre!ce!qui!se!passe,!ce!n’est!pas! très!facile,!donc!parfois!on!se!base!sur! des!schémas!que!l’on!connaît!et!on!a! tort,!on!se!trompe.! % ! ! G.C.!,!“!Confession!”,!Images.Documentaires,!2001! ! ! RECLUSION%A!landscape!in!wide!shot,! with!luxurious!vegetation!in!autumn! tones.!If!we!look!closely,!we!will! discover!a!wooden!cabin!to!the!bottom! right,!partly!hidden.!With!its!red!front! and!green!roof,!it!blends!in!with!the! trees. ! ! ! ! ! ! % ! ! ! ! RECUL%AlainaAlcide!Sudre!:!Ce!qui!m’a! intéressé!dans!ton!film!c’est!que!le! décalage!temporel!entre!la!parole,!ce! que!dit!la!parole!dans!le!récit!du!voyage! et!ce!qui!montre!l’image,!tu!crées!un! temps!de!réflexion,!un!espace!de! réflexion,!qu’on!n’a!pas!du!tout!chez! Mekas!où!la!parole!adhère!à!l’image!en! une!espèce!d’introspection.!Chez!toi,!il!y! a!une!dimension!d’introspection,!parce! que!tu!parles!de!ce!que!tu!vis,!c’est!un! journal,!mais!le!fait!que!tu!introduis!ce! ! ! ! ! ! Nicolas!Rey!interviewé!par!AlainaAlcide!Sudre,! Images!/!Discours!aux!Editions!des!Archives!du! Film!Expérimental!d’Avignon,!2006! ! ! RÉEL!Le!réel!brut!ne!donnera!pas!à!lui! seul!du!vrai. ! ! Robert!Bresson,!Notes.sur.cinématographe,!1975! ! ! ! ! ! 105 ! REINVENÇÃO!Naquele!tempo,!fora!dos! eixos,!ele!não!devia!encontrar,!mas! reinventar!a!condição!do!primeiro! homem.!Não!a!moradia!de!uma!fonte!da! eterna!juventude,!mas!fonte!em!si! mesma,!a!Ilha!podia!ser!o!lugar!onde! toda!criatura!humana,!esquecendo!o! próprio!saber!desmedrado,!encontraria,! como!um!menino!abandonado!na! floresta,!uma!nova!linguagem!capaz!de! nascer!de!um!novo!contato!com!as! coisas.!E!com!isso!nasceria!uma!única,! verdadeira!e!nova!ciência:!da! experiência!direta!com!a!natureza,!sem! que!nenhuma!filosofia!a!adulterasse! (como!se!a!ilha!não!fosse!pai,!que! transmite!ao!filho!as!palavras!da!lei,!mas! sim!mãe,!que!o!ensina!a!balbuciar!os! primeiros!nomes). ! ! Umberto!Eco,!A.Ilha.do.Dia.Anterior,!1994! ! ! RENUNCIA%Decía!un!profesor!que!el! cine,!especialmente!el!cine!documental! durante!su!etapa!de!montaje,!no!es!otra! cosa!que!el!arte!de!la!renuncia.!El!arte!de! saber!dejar!a!un!lado!planos,!secuencias,! a!veces!incluso!importantes!personajes! que!al!verlos!por!primera!vez!creímos! sin!dudar!formarían!parte!del!montaje! final,!de!nuestra.historia.!Este!trabajo!es! probablemente!el!más!importante!en!el! cine!que!trabaja!en!diálogo!abierto!con! la!realidad!y!donde!es!común!tener!una! gran!cantidad!de!imágenes!en!la!que!se! esconden!varias!–!y!por!lo!general! incompatibles!–!películas!posibles.!El! montaje!es!el!proceso!de! reconocimiento!de!lo!que!la!película!no! es:!aquellas!imágenes!y!secuencias!que,! aunque!a!veces!brillan!como!ninguna! otra,!impiden!a!la!película!avanzar,! seguir!creciendo,!figurarse!a!sí!misma.! Un!film!terminado.(es!un!decir,!por! aquello!de!que!“las!películas!no!se! terminan,!se!abandonan”)!es!en!cierto! modo!un!capítulo!de!sucesivas! renuncias!y!abandonos,!asesinatos! consentidos:!una!pequeña!figura!entre! cúmulos!de!ruinas.!El!progreso!del!cine,! la!tempestad!que!lo!empuja,!se!alimenta! también!con!todas!estas!faltas,!los! forzados!desenamoramientos!de! imágenes!que!amábamos.!¿Cómo! 106 ! ! !! construir!si!no!un!imaginario!posible?! ¿Cómo!descansar!nuestra!retina!y!poder! regresar!a!ciertas!obsesiones?! Abandonar!es!otra!forma!de!seguir! amando. REPUBLIC montré,!sous!différents!angles,!des! ouvriers!face!à!ce!monument!blanc,! déplacant!l'immense!ange!bleuâtre.!Si! bien!que!lorsque!nous!voyons!arriver! l'ange!dans!le!coin!de!la!façade,!et!que!la! voix!off!évoque!la!finition!de!l'église! moscovite,!cette!voix!rattrape!les! images,!désignant!ainsi!la!nouvelle! apparence!de!ce!pays!comme!trace!d'un! mouvement!permanent!entre! anticipation!et!souvenir.! % ! % ! Eloy!Enciso,!revistanot.com,!2012! ! ! REPETITION!I!ask!the!viewer!to!look! anew!at!Nick!Ut’s!image!of!children! fleeing!a!napalm!attack.!The!image!is! repeated;!it!is!held!for!varying!amounts! of!time;!details!not!central!to!the!image’s! composition!are!shown!in!closeaup.!In! that!image,!we!focus!on!Kim!Phuc,!the! little!girl!in!the!center!of!the!frame!and! forget!that!there!are!many!other!figures! in!the!image.![…]!I!often!repeat!a!still! image!over!the!course!of!a!film!and,!at! the!most!basic!level,!this!rea contextualizes!it!simply!by!what!shots! surround!it!and!what!has!happened!in! the!film!between!its!appearances.![…]!In! okay.bye;bye,!there!are!several! recurrences!of!the!photographs!of! prisoners!from!Tuol!Sleng,!the!political! prison!run!by!the!Khmer!Rouge.!The! narrator!encounters!them!as!thumbnail! images!on!the!web,!in!a!fine!art!museum! and!in!a!coffee!table!book.!The!image! quality!and!contexts!are!very!different! each!time!and!produce!very!different! affects!as!well!as!meaning.!There!is!an! implicit!question!in!this:!given!that!each! photograph!is!a!record!of!the!unique! instant!a!person!passed!in!front!of!the! lens,!when!that!image!is!experienced! differently!in!different!contexts,!what! does!it!say!about!the!reliability!of!the! photograph!to!stand!in!for!the!real? In!the!digital!realm,!there!need!not!be!a! referent!in!the!world!at!all!to!create!an! image.!Still,!when!we!take!in!images!on!a! daily!basis!we!tend!to!trust!what!we!see.! I!don’t!instantly!question!the!image!on! the!front!page!of!the!paper!every! morning.!My!questions!about!the!fidelity! of!the!image!may!be!out!of!date!–!we! know!how!easily!it!is!to!“falsify”!a! photograph,!but!I’m!just!not!ready!to! accept!that!it!doesn’t!matter. ! ! ! Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes! “The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema. And.Photography,!2008! ! ! ! ! Christa!Blümlinger,!“!L’electricité,!moins!les! soviets!”,!Images.de.la.culture,!2003! ! ! REY,%NICOLAS!ne!s'appelle!pas!ainsi! ! ! ! Fragment!of!Plato’s!Republic,!3!a.D.. ! % RETOUR%–%DETOUR%Par!leur! figuration!même,!les!images,!on!l'a!dit,! parlent!souvent!d'autre!chose!que!la! voix.!Elles!induisent!une!sensibilité! autre,!un!supplément!d'imaginaire.!Le! passage,!par!exemple,!où!le!voyageura narrateur!évoque!Moscou,!où!il!n'a!pas! l'intention!de!rester,!crée!cette! ouverture!du!sens.!Quand!Rey!imagine! dans!son!audioajournal!qu'au!“kilomètre! zéro”!de!Moscou,!on!pourrait!trouver! non!plus!le!Kremlin,!mais!bien,! reconstruite,!l'Eglise!du!ChristaSauveur,! autrefois!détruite!par!Staline,!nous! voyons!un!plan!suspendu!entre! accélération!(à!l'enregistrement)!et! ralentissement!(au!tirage):!un!ange! immense!apparaît,!déplacé!par!une!grue,! dans!le!coin!d'une!façade!blanche.!La! dénomination!et!la!localisation!des! choses!vues!éclaire!rétroactivement!une! série!discontinue!d'images.!Car!ce!plan! est!en!fait!le!dernier!d'une!série!de! fragments,!éparpillés!autant! qu'énigmatiques,!associés!par!le!récit!à! une!ville!ukrainienne!où,!plus!qu'!à! Moscou,!le!cinéaste!a!décidé!de!s'arrêter! un!peu!–!afin!de!rencontrer!un!expert! dans!le!developpement!de!la!vieille! pellicule!Supera8!soviétique!qu'il!utilise.! Initiée!par!un!montage!rapide!de!deux! imagesamarques!du!processus!de! reconstruction!(une!inscription!“Krupp”! sur!le!montant!d'une!grue!et!un!panneau! de!chantier!représentant!la!future! église),!cette!série!de!fragments!a! ! ! ! en!hommage!au!célèbre!cinéaste! américain!(c'est!lui!qui!avait!un!pseudo),! il!n'est!même!pas!le!fils!du!cinéaste! expérimental!français!Georges!Rey! (inoubliable!vache!qui!rumine),!et!n'a! rien!à!voir!avec!les!autres!Nicolas!Rey!de! la!place!de!Paris!(pour!lesquels!il!reçoit! néanmoins!beaucoup!de!messages).!Il! persiste!à!bricoler!des!films!depuis! 1993,!et!passe!l'essentiel!de!ses!journées! à!L'Abominable,!un!laboratoire! cinématographique!d'artistes!qu'il!a! contribué!à!créer!à!Paris!en!1995.! ! ! ! RIVERS,%BEN!studied!Fine!Art!at! Falmouth!School!of!Art,!initially!in! sculpture!before!moving!into! photography!and!super8!film.!After!his! degree!he!taught!himself!16mm! filmmaking!and!handaprocessing.!His! practice!as!a!filmmaker!treads!a!line! between!documentary!and!fiction.!Often! following!and!filming!people!who!have! in!some!way!separated!themselves!from! society,!the!raw!film!footage!provides! Rivers!with!a!starting!point!for!creating! oblique!narratives!imagining!alternative! existences!in!marginal!worlds.!He!is!the! recipient!of!numerous!prizes!including:! FIPRESCI!International!Critics!Prize,! 68th!Venice!Film!Festival!for!his!first! feature!film!Two.Years.At.Sea;!the! inaugural!Robert!Gardner!Film!Award,! 2012;!the!Baloise!Art!Prize,!Art!Basel!42,! 2011;!twice!shortlisted!for!the!Jarman! Award,!2010/2012;!Paul!Hamlyn! Foundation!Award!for!Artists,!2010.! Recent!exhibitions!include:.Slow.Action,! Hepworth!Wakefield,!2012;!Sack. 107 ! Barrow,!Hayward!Gallery,!London,!2011;! Slow.Action,!Matt’s!Gallery,!London!and! Gallery!TPW,!Toronto,!2011;!A.World. Rattled.of.Habit,!A!Foundation,! Liverpool,!2009.!Festival!retrospectives! include!Courtisane!Festival;!Pesaro! International!Film!Festival;!London!Film! Festival;!Tirana!Film!Festival;!Punto!de! Vista,!Pamplona;!Indielisboa!and!Milan! Film!Festival.!In!1996!he!coafounded! Brighton!Cinematheque!which!he!then! coaprogrammed!through!to!its!demise!in! 2006.!He!continues!to!programme!on!a! peripatetic!basis.! ! ! ! ROSSUM’S%ISLAND,!of!uncertain! location,!perhaps!off!the!east!coast!of!the! United!States.!In!1920!the!great! physiologist!known!as!Old!Rossum!came! here!to!study!the!ocean!fauna.!He! attempted!to!create!living!protoplasm! by!chemical!synthesis!and!in!1932!did,! in!fact,!discover!a!substance!that! behaves!like!protoplasm.!Old!Rossum! then!set!up!a!factory!to!produce!artificial! human!beings!which!he!called!“robots.”! The!robots!were,!after!a!time,!able!to! achieve!independence!of!a!kind,!and! formed!the!First!National!Robot! Organization!at!Le!Havre!as!one!of!their! first!independent!acts.! Rossum’s!Universal!Robots!factory!still! stands.!Apart!from!the!factory,!there!are! several!offices,!private!quarters!and!a! music!room.!The!central!office!has!large! windows!which!look!out!onto!rows!of! factory!chimneys.!It!is!decorated!with! splendid!Turkish!carpets,!a!sofa!and! leather!armchairs.! Three!ships!connect!Rossum’s!harbour! with!the!mainland:!the!Amelia,!the! Ultimus!and!the!Pennsylvania!(reported! to!be!the!best).! ! ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Karel! Čapek,!R.U.R.,!New!York,!1923! ! % images!that!come!again!and!again.!A!tale! of!bodies,!cells,!and!the!making!of! mankind. Almost!20!years!ago,!Joaquim!Pinto!has! been!diagnosed!with!AIDS.!After!having! gone!through!all!available!treatments,! he!has!entered!an!experimental! program!with!a!Spanish!specialist. From!November!2011!on,!Joaquim!has! been!making!a!film:!the!notebook!of!one! year!of!tests!and!treatment,!of!limited! activity.!But!also!a!year!of!going!through! one’s!memories,!a!year!to!study!and! think,!a!year!to!live!with!Nuno,!his!life! partner!and!husband,!to!live!with!the! neighbors!and!the!friends,!with!faithful! and!loving!dogs.!And!with!piles!of!boxes! eventually!opened!after!the!most!recent! move!from!an!island!of!the!Azores!back! to!the!continent.!Boxes!that!bring!back! memories.!Photographs,!films,!books,! scripts.!Paper!and!celluloid. […]!Joaquim’s!album!is!not!a!press!book.! It’s!a!family!album.!Of!times!when! cinema!was!being!questioned!and! reinvented…!or!better!to!say! “enchanted”—!enchanté.!Politically! challenging!and!artistically!under!new! spells. And!threatened!and!stricken!by!a! disease.!In!the!90s,!Monteiro!offers!a! script!to!Pinto,!called!The.Disease.of.the. Century.!Friends!die:!Daney,!Jarman,! Copi…!many!others. Pinto’s!film!is!not!an!anthology.!Nor!a! lamento.!It!is!a!road.!A!meditation!in!film! that!does!not!walk!the!straight!line!of! time!but!goes!back!and!forth,!wanders! and!gets!lost,!anticipates!the!future!and! catches!up!with!what!has!been!missed.! Images!and!sound!seem!to!meditate! along!with!the!“storyteller,”!someone!at! times!despairing,!at!times!amused,!at! times!full!of!hopes.!The!one!who!lives,! fights,!shoot!images,!edits!sequences,! chooses!the!sounds!and!the!music. % ! ! ! ! ! ROAD%“My!name!is!Joaquim,!and!my! life!has!nothing!special.”%This!is!how!the! film!begins,!and!the!film!is!what!makes! (among!other!things)!Joaquim!Pinto! special.%A!notebook,!a!diary.!A!tale!of! pains!and!joys,!of!suffering!and! struggling.!Of!books!and!films.!Of!many! places!and!moves.!Of!memories!and! 108 ! ! !! ! MarieaPierre!Duhamel,!“Joaquim!Pinto's!What. Now?.Remind.Me”,!www.!mubi.com,!2013! % ! ROAD,%ON%THE%There!is!an!evident! irony!both!in!the!title!of!Campo.de. Flamingos.sem.Flamingos!–!the!literal! translation!is!A.Flamingo.Field.without. Flamingos!–!and!in!its!initial!shot!(of!a! television!set!tuned!in!to!the!news!about! the!current!recession).!But!that!is! neither!a!mean!nor!bitter!irony,!and!it! isn't!necessarily!representative!of!the! film!directed!by!André!Príncipe.![…].!Mr.! Príncipe's!film!is!the!most!accessible,! though!it's!hardly!a!traditional!piece!of! storytelling,!eschewing!voiceovers!and! musical!illustration!to!let!its!quiet,! unhurried!eye!and!leisurely!narrative! blocks!of!footage![…]!be!organized!by! the!viewer.!The!road!trip!during!which!a! microacrew!of!three!(Mr.!Príncipe,!DP! Takashi!Sugimoto!and!sound!engineer! Manuel!Sá)!travelled!around!in!an!RV! loosely!followed!the!millennial! Portuguese!border!with!Spain,!and,!in! fact,!is!a!search!of!the!borders!between! nature!and!civilization,!looking!for! something!you!can't!quite!place!your! finger!on.! In!essence,!it's!a!sense!of!identity!still! surviving!in!the!porous!borders! between!mankind!and!landscape,!an! ancestral!memory!hidden!under!rocks! (literally,!as!one!of!the!“characters”!is!an! entomologist)!and!visible!only!to!those! willing!to!wallow!through!mud!to!find!it! (again!literally,!in!the!film's!final!shots)! and!not!necessarily!being!sure!you!did! find!it.!In!fact,!Campo.de.Flamingos.sem. Flamingos!isn't!so!much!about!the!goal! but!about!the!journey![…].! % ! Jorge!Mourinha,!“Campo!de!flamingos!sem! flamingos”,!www.theflickeringwall.blogspot.pt,! 2013! ! ! RURAL%Cuando!uno!hace!un!retrato!de! una!sociedad!rural,!por!lo!menos!en! Occidente,!hay!una!especie!de!voluntad! inevitablemente!que!lo!convierte!en!un! retrato!con!un!tono!de!elegía,!un!retrato! póstumo!y!eso!ya!se!ha!convertido! prácticamente!en!un!cliché.!Es!verdad! que!en!un!principio,!y!durante!una! buena!parte!del!proceso!la!propia! película,!o!mi!visión!sobre!el!tema!era! así.!Había!una!especie!de!mirada!un! poco!de!compasión!hacia!un!mundo!y! sobre!todo!hacia!la!generación!de! nuestros!abuelos!como!una!generación! que!heredó!una!forma!de!ver!el!mundo;! la!relación!entre!la!realidad!y!esa!no! realidad!como!leyenda,!como!mito,!como! ! ! ! superstición!era!muy!diferente.!Ha! habido!un!gran!cambio!con!respecto!a! nosotros!y!sobre!todo!la!generación!de! nuestros!padres,!que!fue!la!que!hizo!de! bisagra,!porque!fue!la!que!emigró!a!la! ciudad![…]!Pienso!que!antes!había!una! relación!mucho!más!cercana,!o!de! aceptación,!de!aquello!que!no!era! conocido.!Ahora!estamos!en!un!mundo! más!pragmático!y!materialista!y!en!ese! sentido!hay!una!relación,!desde!de!mi! punto!de!vista,!más!pobre.!Todo!aquello! que!no!es!físicamente!demostrable!no!es! considerado!como!posible… ! ! Eloy!Enciso!entrevistado!por!Netele!Martinez,! “Eloy!Enciso!y!José!Manuel!Sande:!Las!fronteras! entendidas!como!fin!de!algo!no!son!más! que!convenciones”,!2012! ! % RUSSELL,!BEN%(b.!1976,!USA)!is!an! itinerant!media!artist!and!curator!whose! films,!installations,!and!performances! foster!a!deep!engagement!with!the! history!and!semiotics!of!the!moving! image.!Formal!investigations!of!the! historical!and!conceptual!relationships! between!early!cinema,!visual! anthropology,!and!structuralist! filmmaking!result!in!immersive! experiences!concerned!at!once!with! ritual,!communal!spectatorship!and!the! pursuit!of!a!“psychedelic!ethnography.”! He!has!had!solo!screenings!and! exhibitions!at!the!Centre!Georges! Pompidou,!the!Museum!of! Contemporary!Art!Chicago,!the! Rotterdam!Film!Festival,!the!Wexner! Center!for!the!Arts,!the!Viennale!and!the! Museum!of!Modern!Art!NY.!A!2008! Guggenheim!Fellow!and!2010!FIPRESCI! award!recipient!for!his!feature!film!Let. Each.One.Go.Where.He.May,!Ben!began! the!Magic!Lantern!screening!series!in! Providence,!Rhode!Island,!was!coa director!of!the!artistarun!space!BEN! RUSSELL!in!Chicago,!IL,!toured!with! film/video/performance!programs! worldawide!and!performed!in!a!doublea drum!trio!called!Beast. ! ! ! RUSSO%In!quanto!autore!russo,!chi! porta!l'uniforme,!chi!presta!un!qualche! servizio,!ha!un!interesse!enorme!per!me.! Un!autore!russo!non!può!non!rifletterci,! 109 ! in!quanto!la!storia!russa,!la!storia!della! società!russa,!dei!cittadini!che!vivono!in! Russia,!è!sempre!stata!legata!all'una!o! all'altra!forma!di!sottomissione!allo! stato!e!al!potere!e,!volente!o!nolente,! dall'antichità!ai!giorni!nostri!ogni! cittadino!della!Russia!si!è!trovato!a! dipendere!dallo!stato,!da!forze!che! prevaricano!l'uomo.!Le!tappe!di!questo! percorso!sono!state!diverse,!e!in!queste! diverse!tappe!i!nostri!rapporti!con!la! forza!esterna,!con!la!forza!dello!stato,! sono!stati!caratterizzati!da!un!maggiore! accanimento!dello!stato!nei!nostri! confronti!o!da!una!minore!attenzione! verso!l'uomo!costretto!a!tale! dipendenza.! % ! Aleksander!Sokurov,!“Sokurov!di!fronte!a!noi! (lontano!da!noi)”,!Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di. cinema,!2003! ! ! ! SABER!Em!viagem!pelo!México,!o! senhor!Palomar!visita!as!ruínas!de!Tula,! antiga!capital!dos!Toltecas.!É! acompanhado!por!um!amigo!mexicano,! conhecedor!apaixonado!e!eloquente!das! civilizações!préacolombianas,!que!lhe!vai! contando!as!belíssimas!lendas!de! Quetzalcoatl.[…] O!templo!da!Estrela!da!Manhã!é!uma! pirâmide!em!degraus.!No!alto!elevamase! quatro!cariátides!cilíndricas,!ditas! “atlantes”,!que!representam!o!deus! Quetzalcoatl!como!Estrela!da!Manhã! (por!causa!de!uma!borboleta!que!trazem! nas!costas,!símbolo!da!estrela)!e!quatro! colunas!esculpidas,!que!representam!a! Serpente!Emplumada,!ou!seja,!sempre!o! mesmo!deus,!sob!a!forma!de!animal. Tudo!isto!deve!ser!tido!por!verdadeiro! sem!quaisquer!provas;!por!outro!lado,! seria!difícil!demonstrar!o!contrário.!Na! arqueologia!mexicana,!cada!estátua,! cada!objecto,!cada!baixoarelevo,! significam!alguma!coisa!que!significa! alguma!coisa!que!por!sua!vez!significa! alguma!coisa.!Um!animal!significa!um! deus!que!significa!uma!estrela!que! ! ! 110 ! ! !! significa!um!elemento!ou!uma!qualidade! humana!e!assim!sucessivamente.! Estamos!no!mundo!da!escrita! pictográfica,!os!antigos!Mexicanos,!para! escreverem,!desenhavam!figuras!e,! mesmo!quando!desenhavam,!era!como! se!escrevessem:!cada!figura!apresentaa se!como!um!enigma!a!decifrar.![…]!Aqui! em!Tula!os!baixosarelevos!repetem! figuras!animais!estilizadas:!jaguares,! coiotes.!O!amigo!mexicano!detémase!em! cada!pedra,!transformandoaa!em!relato! cósmico,!em!alegoria,!em!reflexão!moral.! Uma!turma!de!estudantes!desfila!entre! as!ruínas:!rapazotes!com!feições!de! índio,!provavelmente!descendentes!dos! construtores!daqueles!templos,!vestidos! com!uma!simples!farda!branca!tipo!boya scout!;!com!lenços!azuis.!Os!rapazes!são! guiados!por!um!professor!que!não!é! muito!mais!alto!do!que!eles!e!pouco! mais!adulto,!que!apresenta!a!mesma! cara!morena,!redonda!e!imóvel.!Sobem! os!altos!degraus!da,!pirâmide,!detêmase! sob!as!colunas,!o!professor!diz!a!que! civilização!pertencem,!a!que!século,!em! que!pedra!estão!esculpidas!,e!em! 111 ! ! seguida!conclui:!“Não!se!sabe!o!que! querem!dizer”!e!o!grupo!de!alunos!desce! atrás!dele.!Ao!pé!de!cada!estátua,!ao!pé! de!cada!figura!esculpida!sobre!um!baixoa relevo!ou!sobre!uma!coluna,!o!professor! fornece!alguns!dados!factuais!e! acrescenta!invariavelmente:!“Não!se! sabe!o!que!querem!dizer.” SCALE%1%The!Eiffel!tower!is!in!the! background,!its!tip!surrounded!by! clouds.!A!small!bright!red!candy! dispenser!confronts!it. ! ! ! ! ! Italo!Calvino,!Palomar,!1983! ! ! SAND,%GRAVEL,%VOLCANIC%ROCKS% In!August!2008,!the!thriving!Tourism! Industry!of!Cape!Verde´s!archipelago! came!to!a!standstill.!Several!building! sites!of!hotels,!resorts!and!apartments! managed!by!Portuguese,!French,!Italians! and!Arabs!stopped,!due!to!a!sand! shortage!on!the!islands.!Sand,!an! essential!primal!resource!for!the! production!of!concrete,.reached!a! dramatic!limit,!putting!the!existence!of! beaches!on!the!islands!at!risk.!All!works! were!temporary!suspended!until!a! solution!was!found. At!this!time,!we!were!travelling!through! Mauritania,!a!neighbouring!country!with! scarce!resources,!but!having!75%!of!its! territory!composed!of!sand.!The!news! that!such!tourist!investors!were!looking! for!sand!spead!quickly,!creating! euphoria!amongst!business!men!in! Mauritania.!Successive!trucks!full!of! sand!started!to!feed!the!Nouakchott! Port,!from!which!ships!carried!the!sand! into!the!islands!of!Cape!Verde. As!a!way!of!reabalancing!its!fragile! commercial!equilibrium,!the!local! authorities!in!Cape!Verde!decided!to! encourage!the!export!of!gravel!and! volcanic!rocks!to!Gambia,!a!third! neighbouring!country,!of!predominant! swamp!territories,!where!the!tourist! industry,!mainly!British,!is!also!thriving! with!big!investments. The!planetary!economic!expansion,! development!as!a!religion,!the!soil! displacement,!the!sand,!the!rocks,!the! mountains,!from!one!point!another,!to! flatten,!produce,!build,!asphalt:!which! changes,!which!effects!is!this!having!on! the!lives!of!inhabitants!of!these!cities? % ! ! ! ! Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!Directors’!Notes,! 2010! ! ! 112 ! ! !! educated!people!in!the!developed!world! believe!that!material!goods!travel!as! they!do,!by!air,!and!that!money,! traveling!in!the!blink!of!an!eye,!is!the! abstract!source!of!all!wealth. Our!premise!is!that!the!sea!remains!the! crucial!space!of!globalization.!Nowhere! else!is!the!disorientation,!violence,!and! alienation!of!contemporary!capitalism! more!manifest,!but!this!truth!is!not!selfa evident,!and!must!be!approached!as!a! puzzle,!or!mystery,!a!problem!to!be! solved. The!factory!system!is!no!longer! concentrated!in!the!developed!world!but! has!become!mobile!and!dispersed.!As! ships!become!more!like!buildings,!the! giant!floating!warehouses!of!the!“justaina time”!system!of!distribution,!factories! begin!to!resemble!ships,!stealing!away! stealthily!in!the!night,!restlessly! searching!for!ever!cheaper!labor.!A! garment!factory!in!Los!Angeles!or!Hong! Kong!closes,!the!work!benches!and! sewing!machines!reappear!in!the! suburbs!of!Guangzhou!or!Dacca.!In!the! automobile!industry,!for!example,!the! function!of!the!ship!is!akin!to!that!of! conveyor!systems!within!the!old! integrated!car!factory:!parts!span!the! world!on!their!journey!to!the!final! assembly!line. The!function!of!sea!trade!is!no!longer!a! separate,!mercantilist!enterprise,!but! has!become!an!integral!component!of! the!worldaindustrial!system.!We!are! distracted!from!the!full!implications!of! this!insight!by!two!powerful!myths,! which!stifle!curiosity.!The!first!myth!is! that!the!sea!nothing!more!than!a! residual!mercantilist!space,!a!reservoir! of!cultural!and!economic!anachronisms.! The!second!myth!is!that!we!live!in!a! postaindustrial!society,!that!cybernetic! systems!and!the!service!economy!have! radically!marginalized!the!“old! economy”!of!heavy!material!fabrication! and!processing!.!Thus!the!fiction!of! obsolescence!mobilizes!vast!reserves!of! sentimental!longing!for!things!which!are! not!really!dead. Our!response!to!these!myths!is!that!the! sea!is!the!key!to!understanding! globalized!industrialism.!Without!a! ! ! ! ! SCALE%2!This!film!joins!a!bumper!crop! of!documentaries!exploring!the! underside!of!the!world’s!vast!built! environments!by!relying!on!visual! commentary.!Human!subjects!filmed!in! this!style!look!minuscule!next!to! massive!physical!structures,!dispensable! pieces!in!a!larger!mechanized!puzzle.!In! the!world!of!The.Forgotten.Space,! workers!find!themselves!in!harsh! predicaments!due!to!events!beyond! their!control,!which!they!themselves! have!a!difficult!time!piecing!together.!In! this!light,!massive!architectural!feats!are! a!standain!for!overarching!economic! forces!that!pitilessly!engulf!us,!and!for! which!we!have!little!ability!to! understand.! ! ! Joshua.K..Leon,.“Spaces.on.Capital”,. brooklynrail.org,!2012. ! ! SEA!Those!of!us!who!travel!by!air,!or! who!“go!surfing”!on!the!Web,!scarcely! think!of!the!sea!as!a!space!of!transport! any!more.!We!live!instead!in!the!age!of! cyberspace,!of!instantaneous!electronic! contact!between!everywhere!and! everywhere!else. In!this!fantasy!world!the!very!concept!of! distance!is!abolished.!More!than!90%!of! the!world’s!cargo!moves!by!sea,!and!yet! ! ! ! ! ! ! thoroughly!modern!and!sophisticated! “revolution”!in!oceanagoing!cargoa handling!technology,!the!global!factory! would!not!exist,!and!globalization!would! not!be!a!burning!issue. ! ! Allan!Sekula!and!Noël!Burch,!“Notes!for!a!Film”,! 2010! ! ! SEADWEARINESS! This!wrestling,!as!of!seamen!with!a! storm Which!flies!to!leeward!–!while!they,! united In!that!chaos,!turn,!each!on!his!knighted Bunk,!to!dream!of!chaos!again,!or!home!a The!poet!himself,!struggling!with!the! form Of!his!coiled!work,!knows!;!having! requited Seaaweariness!with!purpose,!invited What!derricks!of!the!soul!plunge!in!his! room. Yet!some!mariner's!ferment!in!his!blood !–Though!truant!heart!will!hear!the!iron! travail And!song!of!ships!that!ride!their!easting! down!– Sustains!him!to!subdue!or!be!subdued. In!sleep!all!night!he!grapples!with!a!sail! But!words!beyond!the!life!of!ships! dream!on. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Malcolm!Lowry,!“Joseph!Conrad”,!1942! ! ! SEKULA,%ALLAN%Since!the!early! 1970s,!Allan!Sekula!(U.S.A.,!1951a2013)! worked!with!photographic!sequences,! written!texts,!slide!shows!and!sound! recording.!He!traveled!a!path!close!to! cinema,!but,!with!the!exception!of!a!few! video!works!from!the!early!70s!and! early!80s,!he!has!stayed!away!from!the! moving!image.!This!changed!in!2001,! with!the!first!work!that!Sekula!was! willing!to!call!a!film:!Tsukiji,!a!“city! symphony”!set!in!Tokyo’s!giant!fish! market.!Sekula’s!books!include! Photography.against.the.Grain!(1984),! Fish.Story!(1995),!Dismal.Science!(1999),! Performance.under.Working.Conditions! (2003),!Titanic’s.Wake!(2003),!and! Polonia.and.Other.Fables!(2009).!These! works!range!from!the!theory!and!history! of!photography!to!studies!of!family!life! in!the!grip!of!the!military!industrial! 113 ! complex,!and!the!explorations!of!the! world!maritime!economy.!The.Forgotten. Space!(2010)!is!a!filmic!sequel!to!Fish. Story. ! ! ! !She!carries!in!the!dishes,! And!lays!them!in!a!row.! To!an!isle!in!the!water! With!her!would!I!go.! ! She!carries!in!the!candles,! And!lights!the!curtained!room,! Shy!in!the!doorway! And!shy!in!the!gloom;! ! And!shy!as!a!rabbit,! Helpful!and!shy.! To!an!isle!in!the!water! With!her!would!I!fly.! make!his!watch!go!fast!to!keep!up!to!her.! […]!We!sent!him!to!the!captain,!and!he! explained!to!him!the!mystery!of!“ship! time”!and!set!his!troubled!mind!at!rest.! This!young!man!asked!a!great!many! questions!about!seasickness!before!we! left,!and!wanted!to!know!what!its! characteristics!were,!and!how!he!was!to! tell!when!he!had!it.!He!found!out. ! ! ! ! ! SENSORY%WORLD%In!this!age!of! hysterical!consumption!and!endless! distraction,!it!has!become!commonplace! for!people,!especially!young!people,!to! escape!from!sensory!awareness!of!their! daily!surround!by!reducing!their!focus! to!the!miniature!screens!of!their!smart! phones.!These!screens!offer!the!panoply! of!codifiable!information!that!seems! necessitated!by!the!demands!of!social! interchange!and!the!pressures!of! education!and!work!within!an! economically!precarious!society.! Implicitly!the!phones!reduce!the!world,! or!at!least!those!aspects!of!the!world! necessary!for!practical!life,!to!what! seems!a!manageable!size.!The!sensory! world!is!increasingly!understood!as!a! distraction!from!the!electronic! environment!within!which!smart! phones!(and!all!our!other!digital!devices! for!accessing!information!and! communicating!with!others)!function.! As!a!result,!it!is!hardly!surprising!that!a! new!generation!of!motion!picture!artists! would!become!interested!in!confronting! this!tendency!toward!the! miniaturization!of!sensual!experience,! that!CastaingaTaylor!and!his!SEL! filmmaker!colleagues!would!dedicate! themselves!to!the!production!of!motion! picture!experiences!that!evoke!the! power!and!fascinations!of!the!sensory! world. % ! Scott!MacDonald,!American.Ethnographic.Film. and.Personal.Documentary:.The.Cambridge.Turn,! 2013! ! ! SEREIAS!Como!as!sereias!temos!uma! dupla!natureza:!somos!de!carne!e!de! pedra.!Os!nossos!ossos!mergulham!no! mar. ! ! Vitorino!Nemésio,!Ínsula,!1932! ! ! SHE % SHY!one,!shy!one,! Shy!one!of!my!heart,! She!moves!in!the!firelight! Pensively!apart.! 114 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Mark!Twain,!The.Innocents.Abroad,!1869!! ! ! ! ! ! SILÊNCIO!O!silêncio!(e!o!que!entre!ele! ! ! ! W.B.!Yeats,!“To!an!Isle!in!the!Water”,!1889! ! ! SHIP%TIME!Young!Mr.!Blucher,!who!is! from!the!Far!West,!and!is!on!his!first! voyage,!was!a!good!deal!worried!by!the! constantly!changing!“ship!time.”!He!was! proud!of!his!new!watch!at!first,!and!used! to!drag!it!out!promptly!when!eight!bells! struck!at!noon,!but!he!came!to!look!after! a!while!as!if!he!were!losing!confidence!in! it.!Seven!days!out!from!New!York!he! came!on!deck,!and!said!with!great! decision:! “This!thing's!a!swindle!” “What's!a!swindle?” “Why,!this!watch.!I!bought!her!out!in! Illinois!–!gave!$150!for!her!–!and!I! thought!she!was!good.!And,!by!George,! she!is!good!on!shore,!but!somehow!she! don't!keep!up!her!lick!here!on!the!water! –!gets!seasick,!maybe.!She!skips;!she! runs!along!regular!enough!till!halfapast! eleven,!and!then,!all!of!a!sudden,!she!lets! down.!I've!set!that!old!regulator!up! faster!and!faster,!till!I've!shoved!it!clear! around,!but!it!don't!do!any!good;!she! just!distances!every!watch!in!the!ship,! and!clatters!along!in!a!way!that's! astonishing!till!it!is!noon,!but!them!eight! bells!always!gets!in!about!ten!minutes! ahead!of!her,!anyway.!I!don't!know!what! to!do!with!her!now.!She's!doing!all!she! can!–!she's!going!her!best!gait,!but!it! won't!save!her.!Now,!don't!you!know,! there!ain't!a!watch!on!the!ship!that's! making!better!time!than!she!is;!But!what! does!it!signify?!When!you!hear!them! bells!you'll!find!her!just!about!ten! minutes!short!of!her!score,!sure.” The!ship!was!gaining!a!full!hour!every! three!days,!this!fellow!was!trying!to! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! will!prove!useful.!It!is!also!advisable!to! take!along!a!daggeraproof!coat!and!two! Insurance!Policies!–!one!Against!Fire! and!one!Against!Damage!from!Hail.!The! traveller!who!sails!to!this!part!of!the! world!is!warned,!when!in!tropical! climates,!to!pay!particular!heed!that!the! bowsprit!of!the!ship!does!not!get!mixed! with!the!rudder!–!a!frequent!occurrence! which!is!locally!described!as!being! “snarked.”! Various!animals!live!on!the!island!(apart! from!the!snark!itself),!strange!creepy! creatures:!the!jubjub!–!a!passionate!bird! with!a!terrifying,!shrill,!screaming!song! (but!it!is!exquisite!when!cooked!and! several!different!recipes!are!available);! and!the!dangerous!bandersnatch,!with! extensible!neck!and!frumious!claws.! Snarks,!too,!are!good!cooked,!and!served! with!greens,!and!they!may!also!be!used! to!strike!a!light.!One!species!of!snark,!the! boojum,!can,!if!it!is!seen,!cause!certain! persons!to!softly!and!suddenly!vanish! away.!But!there!are!five!distinctive! characteristics!by!which!a!common! snark,!which!is!harmless,!can!be! recognized;!they!are!listed!in!the!only! existing!textbook!on!the!subject:!! habita)!é!na!verdade!a!voz!maior!do! filme,!sendo!frequentes!os!momentos! em!que!nos!cabe!a!nós,!espectadores,!o! papel!de!sonorizar,!pelos!sussurros!da! respiração!de!toda!uma!plateia!numa! sala!escura,!as!imagens!que,!mesmo! quando!observando!a!natureza,!assim! nos!lembram!que!são!coisa!do!aqui!e!do! agora.!Nossas!contemporâneas.! Habitadas!pelo!homem. ! ! Nuno!Galopim,!“Os!filmes!do!IndieLisboa!(2),! www.!soundaavision.blogspot.pt,!2013! ! ! SMALL%ENOUGH!“I!do!love!it,”!said! Anne.!“I!really!do.!It's!just!small!enough! to!feel!like!an!island.!Most!islands!are! too!big!to!feel!like!islands.!I!mean,! Britain!is!an!island,!but!nobody!living!on! it!could!possibly!know!it!unless!they! were!told.!Now!this!island!really!feels! like!one!because!wherever!you!are!you! can!see!to!the!other!side!of!it.!I!love!it.” George!felt!very!happy.!She!had!often! been!on!her!island!before,!but!always! alone!except!for!Tim.!She!had!always! vowed!that!she!never,!never!would!take! anyone!there,!because!it!would!spoil!her! island!for!her.!But!it!hadn't!been!spoilt.! It!had!made!it!much!nicer.!For!the!first! time!George!began!to!understand!that! sharing!pleasures!doubles!their!joy. ! ! ! Enid!Blyton,!Five.on.a.Treasure.Island,!1942! ! ! SNARK%ISLAND,!an!island!of! unpleasant!chasms!and!crags,!and! dismal,!desolate!valleys,!somewhere!in! the!Ocean.!For!those!wishing!to!find!it,! and!who!believe!that!Mercator’s!North! Poles!and!Equators,!Tropics,!Zones!and! Meridian!Lines!are!merely!conventional! signs,!a!blank!map!representing!the!sea! ! ! ! ! Let.us.take.them.in.order..The.first.is.the. taste,. Which.is.meagre.and.hollow,.but.crisp:. Like.a.coat.that.is.rather.too.tight.in.the. waist,. With.a.flavour.of.Will;o’;the;wisp.. Its.habit.of.getting.up.late.you’ll.agree That.it.carries.too.far,.when.I.say That.it.frequently.breakfasts.at.five.o. ‘clock.tea,. And.dines.on.the.following.day.. The.third.is.its.slowness.in.taking.a.jest.. Should.you.happen.to.venture.on.one,. It.will.sigh.like.a.thing.that.is.deeply. distressed:. And.it.always.looks.grave.at.a.pun.. The.fourth.is.its.fondness.for.bathing; machines,. Which.it.constantly.carries.about, And.believes.that.they.add.to.the. beauty.of.scenes.– A.sentiment.open.to.doubt... ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The!fifth!and!last!characteristic!is!its! ambition.!Furthermore,!snarks!can!be! 115 ! divided!into!two!groups:!those!that!have! feathers!and!bite,!and!those!that!have! whiskers!and!scratch.!The! recommended!system!for!catching!any! kind!of!snark!is!as!follows:!! ! You.may.seek.it.with.thimbles.–.and.seek. it.with.care;. You.may.hunt.it.with.forks.and.hope;. You.may.threaten.its.life.with.a.railway; share;. You.may.charm.it.with.smiles.and.soap.. ! ! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Lewis! Carroll![Charles!Lutwidge!Dodgson],!The. Hunting.of.the.Snark,!London,!1876! ! ! SOKUROV,%ALEXANDR%is!a!Russian! director!of!avantagarde!and!independent! films!that!have!won!him!international! acclaim.!After!school!he!studied!history! and!completed!a!BA!degree!course.!By! that!time,!however,!he!had!made!up!his! mind!to!become!a!filmmaker!and!in! 1975!he!moved!to!Moscow!to!study!at! VGIKaa!state!film!school,!one!of!the!most! prestigious!and!major!of!its!kind!in! Russia.!In!the!years!that!followed!he! made!several!shorts,!none!of!which!was! liked!by!his!teachers.!His!works!were! described!as!“weird,!formal,!and! mannered”!but!never!“talented”!or! “promising”.!In!the!end!Sokurov!entered! into!an!open!conflict!with!his!mentors! and!dropped!out!of!BGIK,!nevertheless!it! was!during!his!years!there!that!he!met! Andrey!Tarkovsky!whom!he!later! befriended.!Tarkovsky!was!the!first!to! notice!Sokurov's!gift!and!to!tell!him!that! he!was!going!to!have!a!brilliant!career! provided!he!found!his!own!style!and! stayed!true!to!it,!and!it!was!with! Tarkovsky's!backing!that!Sokurov!found! an!employment!at!Lenfilm!–!the!second! largest!film!studio!in!Russia.!His!feature! debut!The.Lonely.Human.Voice!(1987)! was!not!released!until!the!early!1990s! because!the!studio!chiefs!saw!an!antia government!stance!in!it.!A!man!of!a!rare! strength,!Sokurov!managed!to!complete! several!films!in!a!year.!Produced!at!the! same!time,!Mournful.Insensibility! (loosely!adapted!from!Bernard!Shaw's!A. Heartbreak.House)!was!a!commercial! failure!because!it!proved!to!be!very! difficult!for!common!cinema!goers!but! 116 ! ! !! pleased!critics!who!reckoned!Sokurov!as! a!budding!auteur!with!a!vision!of!his! own.!He!kept!on!making!highly!personal,! artistic!films!that!won!art!house!fans! acclaim!first!in!Russia!and!then!around! the!world.!Often!plotless!with!emphasis! on!aesthetics!and!impressionism!his! films!are!noted!for!philosophical! approach!to!history!and!nature.!Sokurov! has!always!tried!to!distance!himself! from!mainstream!as!far!as!possible.! Assisted!by!European!and!Asian!produa cers!he!founded!his!own!production! company!Bereg!(Coast)!in!St.Peterburg,! Russia,!which!supports!independent! filmmaking. ! ! ! SOLIDÃO!Oh,!solidão!das!ilhas!…! Conquista!da!terra!por!firmeza!no!pouco! que!se!tem!e!por!tino!e!recuo!a!tempo!no! muito!que!se!deseja…!Portos!fechados,! ilhas!à!vista…!Entre!nós!e!o!mundo! aquela!porção!de!sal!que!torna! incorrupto!o!aro!da!terra…!Movimento!e! força;!outras!vezes!tranquilidade!e! pasmo…!Extensão…!Extensão…!(E,!por! mais!que!embirremos!com!reticências,! que!são!espasmos!tipográficos,!a!coisa!é! assim!mesmo…!Tem!de!exprimirase! nesta!dose!exacta!de!exaltação!e!de! pouca!sintaxe…!).!Ilhas!pontuadas! naquela!brutalidade!oceânica!que!é! afinal!a!única!coisa!delicada!e!discreta! da!nossa!vida!o!mar!do!nosso!segredo…! a!volubilidade!do!nosso!ardor!que!nada! estanca…!esta!inconsistência!de!projeca tos!humanos!(mas!desumano!é!o!lógico,! o!ético,!o!inflexível!).!Além!disso,!o!vapor! da!carreira…!o!boletim!meteorológico! (grau!de!humidade!à!saturação!cem…!),! e!o!acostamento!de!Santos!com!a! bandeira!de!saída…!Oiço!os!rebocadores. ! ! Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956! ! ! !SOLITUDE!1!I!love!to!be!alone.!I!never! found!the!companion!that!was!so! companionable!as!solitude. ! ! Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden:.Or,.Life.in.the. Woods,!1854! ! ! SOLITUDE%2!Effective!magic!is! transcendent!nature. ! ! George!Eliot,!Middlemarch!1874! ! SOLITUDE%3!At!first!it!seemed!eerie! and!strange!to!go!all!alone!into!the! forest,!away!from!all!roads!and!paths.! But!as!I!came!to!know!the!forest!and! many!of!the!plants!and!animals!that! lived!in!it,!the!feeling!of!strangeness! disappeared!and!I!grew!more!and!more! comfortable!in!the!woodland.!I!also! became!more!and!more!certain!that!I! did!not!want!to!spend!my!whole!life!in! civilization,!and!that!I!wanted!to!go!and! live!in!some!wild!place. ! ! Theodore!Kaczynski,!Letter!to!M.!K.,!2003! ! ! SPACE%AND%TIME!Strangely,!from! your!little!island!in!space,!you!were!gone! forth!into!the!dark,!great!realms!of!time,! where!all!the!souls!that!never!die!veer! and!swoop!on!their!vast,!strange! errands.!The!little!earthly!island!has! dwindled,!like!a!jumpingaoff!place,!into! nothingness,!for!you!have!jumped!off,! you!know!not!how,!into!the!dark!wide! mystery!of!time,!where!the!past!is!vastly! alive,!and!the!future!is!not!separated!off. ! ! D.H.!Lawrence,!“The!Man!who!Loved!Islands”,! 1928! ! ! SPRAY,%STEPHANIE!is!a!filmmaker,! phonographer!and!anthropologist! whose!work!explores!the!confluence!of! social!aesthetics!and!art!in!everyday!life.! Stephanie!is!currently!a!PhD!candidate! and!Teaching!Fellow!in!the!Sensory! Ethnography!Laboratory!and!a!fellow!at! the!Harvard!Film!Study!Center.!In!1999! she!began!studying!music,!religion,!and! language!in!Nepal,!and!since!then!has! spent!copious!time!practicing!the!art!of! “wandering”!(dhulna.jāne)!with!a!caste! of!itinerant!musicians!called!the! Gandharba.!She!has!made!several!films! with!this!community,!including!Kāle.and. Kāle!(2007),!Monsoon;Reflections! (2008),!Untitled.(bed)!(2009),!As.Long.as. There’s.Breath!(2010),!Untitled!(2010).! Her!most!recent!film,!Manakamana! (2013,!coadirected!with!Pacho!Velez)! won!a!Golden!Leopard!at!the!2013! Locarno!International!Film!Festival. ! ! ! SQUINT%Your!cities!do!not!exist.! Perhaps!they!have!never!existed.!It!is! ! ! ! sure!they!will!never!exist!again.!Why!do! you!amuse!yourself!with!consolatory! fables?!I!know!well!that!my!empire!is! rotting!like!a!corpse!in!a!swamp,!whose! contagion!infects!the!crows!that!peck!it! as!well!as!the!bamboo!that!grows,! fertilized!by!its!humours.!Why!do!you! not!speak!to!me!of!this?![…]!Yes,!the% empire!is!sick,!and,!what!is!worse,!it!is! trying!to!become!accustomed!to!its! sores.!This!is!the!aim!of!my!explorations:! examining!the!traces!of!happiness!still!to! be!glimp!sed,!I!gauge!its!short!supply.!If! you!want!to!know!how!much!darkness! there!is!around!you,!you!must!sharpen! your!eyes,!peering!at!the!faint!lights!in! the!distance. % ! Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972! ! ! ST.%MICHAELS%The!Island!of!St! Michaels!is!considerably!larger!&!three! times!more!populous!&!enjoys!a!more! extensive!trade!than!Terceira.! The!chief!export!is!the!fruit,!for!which!a! fleet!of!vessels!annually!arrives.! Although!several!hundred!vessels!are! loaded!with!oranges,!these!trees!on! neither!island!appear!in!any!great! numbers.!No!one!would!guess!that!this! was!the!great!market!for!the!numberless! oranges!imported!into!England. St!Michaels!has!much!the!same!open,! semiagreen,!cultivated!patchwork! appearance!as!Terceira.!The!town!is! more!scattered;!the!houses!&!churches! there!&!throughout!the!country!are! white!washed!&!look!from!a!distance! neat!and!pretty.! The!land!behind!the!town!is!less! elevated!than!at!Terceira,!but!yet!rises! considerably;!it!is!thickly!studded!or! rather!made!up!of!small!mammiformed! hills,!each!of!which!has!sometime!been! an!active!Volcano. In!an!hours!time!the!boat!returned! without!any!letters,!and!then!getting!a! good!offing!from!the!land,!we!steered,! thanks!to!God,!a!direct!course!for! England.! % ! ! ! ! ! Charles!Darwin,!Diary,!1836! ! ! STATUE%L’image!aussi!a!son!histoire.! Le!cinéma!soviétique!nous!a!fait!voir!des! 117 ! statues!renversées,!des!tsars!décapités,! des!sceptres!orgueilleux!roulant!aux! poubelles!de!l’Histoire.!Les!démolisseurs! de!ces!temps!héroïques!étaient!des! Ouvriers!majuscules,!sans!autre! équipement!que!la!Vérité!majuscule,! sans!autre!force!que!le!souffle!de!la! Révolution!(quand!on!sait!l’apprivoiser).! Par!parenthèses,!ce!sont!les!images! d’Octobre!d’Eisenstein!qu’ont!imitées!les! reporters!du!monde!entier!(même!les! moins!cinéphiles)!lorsqu’ils!ont!filmé!la! chute!de!Saddam!Hussein!à!Bagdad!sous! la!figure!d’une!immense!statue! renversée!(mise!en!scène!par!les! services!de!communication!du! Pentagone). Ce!jour!de!l’été!1999,!à!Moscou,! l’Histoire!avance!à!reculons!et!les! ouvriers!–!équipés!de!casques,!de!palans! et!de!filins!d’acier!–!travaillent!à! remettre!en!place!les!symboles!de! l’ordre!ancien.!Celui!qu’ils!portent!au! pinacle!n’est!pas!Lénine!ou!quelque! moderne!défenseur!des!exploités! (Mandela!?!Lula!?)!mais!l’archange!Sainta Michel.!Non!qu’ils!croient!aux!anges!ni! aux!archanges!(pas!comme!ceux!qui! hissaient!les!cloches!dans!Alexandre! Roublev!de!Tarkovsky)!mais,!comme!on! dit!en!Russie!et!un!peu!partout!dans!le! monde,!surtout!quand!ça!va!mal,!“!il!faut! bien!croire!à!quelque!chose!”.!La!bourse! ne!fait!rêver!que!les!milliardaires,!la! démocratie!a!un!goût!amer!d’élections! truquées!et!de!bulletins!de!vote!achetés.! Pour!réenchanter!le!monde,!finalement,! on!n’a!pas!trouvé!mieux!que!ces!bonnes! vieilles!bondieuseries.!On!peut!au!moins! espérer!que!le!temps!du!labeur!gratuit! pour!le!maîtreapropriétaire,!le!Parti! voire!le!Goulag!est!enfin!révolu!et!que! ces!modernes!prolétaires!ne!travaillent! pas!gratis!pro!deo. L’archange!se!balance!auadessus!du!vide,! instable,!incertain.!On!aura!beau! reconstruire!les!cathédrales!et! suspendre!des!archanges!à!leur! frontons,!on!ne!retrouvera!pas!l’enfance,! l’innocence!perdue.!Né!au!moment!de!la! disgrâce!de!Krouchthchev,!Nicolas!Rey! se!dit!“!enfant!de!Brejnev!”!c’est!à!dire!de! la!sénescence,!d’un!monde! définitivement!désenchanté.!Et!lorsqu’il! % ! 118 ! ! !! regarde!le!ciel,!il!n’y!voit,!hélas,!que!des! grues,!des!avions!et!des!satellites. ! ! Anne!Brunswic,!“!De!l'ange!déchu!à!l'ange! promu!”,.Images.de.la.Culture,!2006! ! ! STAYING!Russell:!The!commune! section!was!the!most!ecstatic,!the! hardest!thing!to!edit!as!well.!We!spent! time!with!these!remarkable!humans,! and!it!was!hard!to!let!go!of!them. Rivers:!Yes,!you!would!have!this! amazing!woman!and!how!could!you!cut! her? Cook:!When!the!section!ends,!it’s!hard!to! get!over!moving!on!from!them.!I! could’ve!watched!them!for!two!hours! Rivers:!It’s!better!to!want!to!stay!with! them. Cook:!And!it’s!better!to!have!this!jarring! switch!from!act!to!act. Rivers:!I!think!the!most!insightful!thing! in!the!film!are!those!triangle!moments. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Interview!by!Adam!Cook,!“Locarno!2013.! Temporary!Autonomous!Zones:!A!Conversation! with!Ben!Rivers!&!Ben!Russell”,!www.!mubi.com,! 2013! ! ! STILL%PHOTOGRAPHY%That![“There! is!something!worse!than!forgetting!the! past!and!that’s!forgetting!the! relationship!between!the!past!and!the! present”]!is!actually!a!quote!from! Blanchot’s!The.Writing.of.the.Disaster.! That!book!is!so!relevant!to!me,!not!just! in!terms!of!what!he!has!to!say!about! writing,!but!also!in!terms!of! photography:!in!the!face!of!catastrophe,! not.writing!is!the!ultimate!concession.! Which!is!to!say,!despite!the!limitations! of!representation!in!whatever!form,!not! even!making!an!attempt!is!to!be! defeated!by!the!catastrophic!event.!So! there!is!something!I’m!trying!to! recuperate!for!photography!and!I!think! it!does!have!to!do!with,!as!you!say,!a!way! of!looking.!That!we!not!receive!this! constant!stream!of!images!we!read!for! content!and!instead!take!time!to!look.! That!is!the!most!obvious!reason!to!work! with!still!photography!in!film!because! the!filmmaker!controls!how!long!the! audience!looks!at!an!image!and!where! they!look!within!an!image.!I!can!either! give!you!a!glimpse!of!an!image!or!I!can! make!you!look!for!minutes!at!a!time.!You! can!look!away,!but!you!are!made!aware! that!you!are!looking!away.!When!you’re! looking!at!images!in!a!newspaper!or!on!a! billboard!or!in!a!gallery,!you!may!feel! that!you!have!looked!an!image!but!you! haven’t!really!seen!it.!So!there!is!some! kind!of!recuperative!gesture!in!that.!It! allows!you!and!challenges!you!to!look! differently!than!you!would!in!a!casual! way.!And!a!lot!has!to!do!with!the! conditions!of!viewing.!The!most! poignant!thing!about!a!photograph!is! that!it!only!represents!a!fraction!of!a! second!and!it!doesn’t!include!the!before! and!after!and!it!doesn’t!include!what!is! outside!the!frame.!The!obvious! difference!between!moving!and!still! images!is!that!the!latter!allows!for!time! to!look!at!a!single!moment!and!the! former!is!a!series!of!constantly!disapa pearing!images!that!allow!you!to!see! what!happens!over!time!and!depending! on!the!shot,!expand!the!frame.!On!that! score,!there!are!filmmakers!like!Peter! Hutton!or!James!Benning!–!especially! Peter!Hutton!–!who!are!trying!to!make! you!slow!down!and!just!look!at!an! image,!often!with!no!sound.!So!the! duration!really!is!in!the!act!of!looking. ! % Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes! “The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema. And.Photography,!2008! ! ! STYLE!This!film!has!very!crude! production!values,!and!they!are!part!of! its!charm!and!message.!It!is!intended!to! look!very!much!a!“home!made”!film,! improvised,!much!like!jeepneys!are,! from!available!materials!and!made!into! a!distinctive!statement.!It!melds!found! footage,!stock!footage!and!narrative! footage,!tied!together!with!voiceover.! There!is!a!strong!narrative!line,!with! occasional!magical!touches.!The!central! character,!seemingly!authorial,!is!clearly! a!fictional!creation.!The!naiveté!of!the! character!serves!as!a!disarming!device! for!Tahimik!to!put!forward!a!critique!of! Western!progress.!The!film!is!explicitly! allegorical,!and!full!of!metaphors,!puns,! sly!ironies!and!jokes. ! ! Patricia!Aufderheide,!CrossaCultural!Film!Guide,! 1992! STRANGE(R)%Abroad,!the!only!exotic! person!is!the!stranger;!and!the!native,! apart!from!his!own!necessity,!has!a!wish! for!the!strange. % ! Ernst!Bloch!(unsourced)! ! ! STRAY%ON%TRACK%Intuitively,! something!is!linking!your!search!engine! to!something!you!feel!is!perfect!for!the! moment.!It's!the!same!with!film.!Maybe,! initially,!visuals!start!consciously! (scripted.)!Let's!say!you!aren't!shooting! yet,!but!an!impulse!pushes!you!to!start! cranking!the!camera!for!unscripted! footage…!Sometimes!I!get!an!idea!of! what!accent!to!put!in!this!corner!of!the! art!village,!because!a!carpenter! accidentally!left!a!plank!there.!Similarly,! I!was!editing!particular!shots!for!the! Yellow!film.!Our!musician!visitors!were! jamming!in!the!basement.!An! improvised!musical!phrase!drifted!into! my!ears!–!which!sounded!swell!with! pictures!I!was!editing!–!prssssskkk!!I! rushed!down!the!stairs.!Play!it!again,! Sam!…!Then!I!nailed!that!improvisation! into!the!track.!It!wasn’t!a!score!that! stayed.on.track.!Rather!a!heaven!sent! sound!byte!that!strayed.on.track. Straying.on.track.!That’s!the!story!of!my! life…!How!my!scriptaless!films!come! together…!Or!how!my!art!center! “happens”!–!sans!blueprints…!Or!how!an! Olympic!hostage!crisis!detoured!me!into! a!hippie!commune!at!age!33!–!to!meet!a! film!student!with!a!Bolex!16mm!camera.! Both!in!living!life!or!in!the!shooting! process,!you!don't!know!why!certain! junk!gathers!dust…!whether!in!your! room!or!in!your!film!vault.!But!when! you're!editing,!the!most!remote! sequence!will!come!back!to!you.!Of! course,!what!comes!to!your!head!isn't! always!what!works,!but!at!least!it!gets! recalled,!and!tested. That's!the!best!way!I!can!describe!my! intuitive!process.!Sometimes!shots!I! took!2!years!ago,!10!years!ago…!you’ve! developed!a!distance!from!the!shots.!But! when!you're!getting!involved!in!a!fresh! storyline,!your!intuition!will!untie!that! shot!from!the!literal!meaning!it!had!–! when!you!shot!it!long!ago.!Looking!at!it!a! % ! ! ! ! ! 119 ! decade!later!may!have!given!you!cosmic! distance!–!so!that!the!shot!can!fit!better! –!in!a!totally!new!context.!Or!in!a!new! film! ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012! ! ! STROMBOLI!Pour!en!revenir!à! Stromboli,!ce!qu'il!m'intéressait!de! traiter,!c'était!le!thème!du!cynisme,! sentiment!qui!représentait!le!plus!grand! danger!de!l'aprèsaguerre.!Karin,! spéculant!sur!l'ingénuité!de!l'amour! d'un!soldat,!pauvre!être!primitif,! l'épouse!dans!le!seul!but!de!sortir!du! camp!d'internement;!elle!troque!les! barbelés!pour!l'île,!mais!elle!s'y!trouve! encore!plus!enfermée;!elle!avait!rêvé! d'autre!chose.!Femme!forte!et!décidée,! qui!est!passée!à!travers!les!drames!et!les! difficultés!de!la!guerre!en!se!tirant! toujours!d'affaire!plus!ou!moins!bien,! elle!est!à!présent!victime!de!petites! choses!stupides!:!un!mari!qui!est!une! brute,!une!petite!île!sans!végétation;! doublement!prisonnière!du!fait!qu'elle! est!enceinte;!être!enceinte!est!pour!elle! stupide,!humiliant,!ignoble!et!bestial;! elle!décide!donc!de!partir;!mais!au! sommet!du!volcan,!qu'elle!est!obligée!de! contourner!pour!rejoindre!un!petit!port! de!l'autre!côté!de!l'île,!au!milieu!d'une! nature!hostile,!cassée!par!la!fatigue,! pliée!par!une!terreur!primitive,!dans!un! désespoir!animal,!inconsciemment!elle! invoque!Dieu.!“!Mon!Dieu”!est! l'invocation!la!plus!simple,!la!plus! primitive,!la!plus!commune!qui!puisse! sortir!de!la!bouche!d'un!être!envahi!par! la!douleur.!Cela!petit!être!une!invocation! machinale!ou!l'expression!d'une!vérité! très!haute.!Dans!un!cas!comme!dans! l'autre,!c'est!toujours!l'expression!d'une! mortification!profonde!qui!peut!être! aussi!la!première!lueur!d'une! conversion.! ! ! Roberto!Rossellini,!Le.cinéma.révélé,!1984! ! ! SUBALTERNITE!Ce!que!le!Premier! Monde!pense!et!fantasme!à!propos!du! Tiers!Monde!peut!n’avoir!absolument! rien!de!commun,!formellement!ou! épistémologiquement,!avec!ce!que!le! Tiers!Monde!doit!apprendre!tous!les! jours!du!Premier.!La!subalternité! implique!la!possibilité!de!la! connaissance,!la!domination!implique! celle!de!l’oubli!et!de!la!répression!–!mais! la!connaissance!n’est!pas!seulement!le! contraire!de!l’oubli,!ni!la!domination! seulement!l’opposé!de!l’oppression. SUCESSO%Somos!reféns!de!uma!ideia! SURROUNDED!Closeaup!of!a!man.! de!bemaestar!e!progresso.!Para!atingir! este!bemaestar!obrigamoanos!a!“gastar”! o!tempo!na!procura!do!poder!que!nos! permita!sentir!integrados!e!vitoriosos! nesta!sociedade.! Other!faces!surround!him,!but!his!is!the! only!one!that’s!properly!lit.!His!head!is! shaved!armyastyle.!He!holds!his!hands!in! front!of!his!face,!fingers!intertwined,!as! though!in!prayer. % ! ! ! ! ! João!Vladimiro,!Nota!de!intenções!de!Lacrau,! 2010! ! Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011! ! ! SURVIVAL%(OF%IMAGES)%I!stumbled! ! ! SUBLIME!In!the!center!of!the!image,!a! SURFACE!George!Nivat:!Pouvezavous! house!that!has!a!large!flaming!mass!for! roof.!The!windows!and!door!are!no! more.!The!house!is!nevertheless! surrounded!by!darkness,!the!fire!cannot! light!it. % ! ! ! ! ! SUCCESS!is!like!some!horrible!disaster ! Worse!than!your!house!burning,!the! sounds!of!ruination As!the!roof!tree!falls!following!each! other!faster While!you!stand,!the!helpless!witness!of! your!damnation. ! me!parler!de!la!peinture,!et!de!Courbet?! Alexander!Sokurov:!Courbet,!c'est!très! sérieux,!je!le!scrute,!mais!jamais!je!n'ai! tendu!la!main!vers!lui.!Pourquoi,!je!ne! sais!pas.!À!un!moment!je!ne!pouvais!pas! trouver!mon!chemin,!je!connaissais!la! clé,!mais!pas!comment!ouvrir!la!porte.! Puis!j'ai!compris!que!mon!thème,!c'était! la!guérison,!devenir!adulte,!l'autoa apprentissage;!alors!la!peinture!est! devenu!capitale!pour!moi,!Mais!il!fallait! vaincre!la!surface.!Le!volume!ne! m'intéressait!pas.!Qu'estace!que!l'être!de! la!surface?!J'essaie!d'arracher!mon!film! au!cinéma!et!de!l'emporter!dans!la! peinture!et!la!littérature.!Je!me!suis! formulé!ce!but!clans!mon!travail!qui!est! ininterrompu.!Et!j'ai!réussi!à!trouver! une!clé.!Peutaêtre!aboliraiaje!la!distance! cinémaalittérature.!Aujourd'hui,!elle!est! immense.!Ils!s'ignorent.!C'est!au!cinéma! de!faire!le!pas.!C'est!la!question!de!l'êtrea enasurface!du!cinéma.!99!%!du!film,!c'est! du!volume. % ! ! ! Alexander!Sokurov!interviewé!par!George!Nivat!,! L’ombre.de.l’image,!2001! ! ! ! ! ! Fame!like!a!drunkard!consumes!the! house!of!the!soul Exposing!that!you!have!worked!for!only! this!– Ah,!that!I!had!never!suffered!this! treacherous!kiss, And!had!been!left!in!darkness!forever!to! founder!and!fail. ! ! ! ! ! ! Malcolm!Lowry,!“After!the!Publication!of!Under! the!Volcano”,!1947! % % ! 120 ! ! !! upon!them![these!still!images]!in!a!book! on!Scandinavian!photography!when!I! was!doing!research!for!a!different! project!that!The.Idea.of.North.then! replaced.!The!photographs!were!so! arresting!that!I!abandoned!what!I!had! been!doing!in!order!to!work!with!them.! (The!abandoned!project!was!to!be!in! part!about!Glenn!Gould,!and!though!it! was!never!made,!I!titled!The.Idea.of. North.after!his!audio!documentary!of! the!same!name.) I!started!to!think!about!how!this!fragile! and!fragmentary!evidence!was!all!that! was!left!to!reconstruct!an!event!with!no! surviving!witnesses.!The!images’! survival!was!extraordinary!and!the! pictures!provided!a!kind!of!mute! testimony!to!the!event.!Then!I!started! researching!the!story!of!this!illafated! polar!balloon!expedition!and!the!film! took!on!a!kind!of!forensic!aspect. I!came!across!the!images!a!second!time,! reproduced!in!a!book!about!the!Andrée! expedition.!Here!the!photographs!had! been!touched!up,!with!details!painted!in! that!were!not!at!all!visible!in!the!images! I!had!first!seen.!I!started!thinking!about! photographic!evidence!and!what!we! consider!to!be!an!adequate! representation!of!reality.!The!images! had!different!registers!of!truth!–!the!first! set!looked!more!degraded,!which!made! it!seem!closer!to!the!experience! depicted;!the!second!set!contained!more! information. In!that!film,!I!was!also!interested!in!what! film!could!offer!history!in!excess!of! language,!so!The.Idea.of.North.is!also! about!what!images!and!sounds!provide! that!language!is!too!impoverished!to! convey.!Ironically,!the!diaries!left!behind! by!the!Andrée!expedition!were!even! more!degraded!than!the!images.!The! printed!page!appears!literally!as! fragments!since!the!words!had!faded! ! ! ! 121 ! away.!The!missing!and!illegible!parts!for! me!held!as!much!pathos!as!the! photographs. ! ! Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes! “The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema. And.Photography,!2008! ! ! SYSTEM!The!system!does!not!and! cannot!exist!to!satisfy!human!needs.! Instead,!it!is!human!behavior!that!has!to! be!modified!to!fit!the!needs!of!the! system.!This!has!nothing!to!do!with!the! political!or!social!ideology!that!may! pretend!to!guide!the!technological! system.!It!is!the!fault!of!technology,! because!the!system!is!guided!not!by! ideology!but!by!technical!necessity.!Of! course!the!system!does!satisfy!many! human!needs,!but!generally!speaking!it! does!this!only!to!the!extent!that!it!is!to! the!advantage!of!the!system!to!do!it.!It!is! the!needs!of!the!system!that!are! paramount,!not!those!of!the!human! being.!For!example,!the!system!provides! people!with!food!because!the!system! couldn't!function!if!everyone!starved;!it! attends!to!people's!psychological!needs! whenever!it!can!conveniently!do!so,! because!it!couldn't!function!if!too!many! people!became!depressed!or!rebellious.! But!the!system,!for!good,!solid,!practical! reasons,!must!exert!constant!pressure! 122 ! ! !! on!people!to!mold!their!behavior!to!the! needs!of!the!system.!Too!much!waste! accumulating?!The!government,!the! media,!the!educational!system,! environmentalists,!everyone!inundates! us!with!a!mass!of!propaganda!about! recycling.!Need!more!technical! personnel?!A!chorus!of!voices!exhorts! kids!to!study!science.!No!one!stops!to! ask!whether!it!is!inhumane!to!force! adolescents!to!spend!the!bulk!of!their! time!studying!subjects!most!of!them! hate.!When!skilled!workers!are!put!out! of!a!job!by!technical!advances!and!have! to!undergo!“retraining,”!no!one!asks! whether!it!is!humiliating!for!them!to!be! pushed!around!in!this!way.!It!is!simply! taken!for!granted!that!everyone!must! bow!to!technical!necessity!and!for!good! reason:!If!human!needs!were!put!before! technical!necessity!there!would!be! economic!problems,!unemployment,! shortages!or!worse.!The!concept!of! “mental!health”!in!our!society!is!defined! largely!by!the!extent!to!which!an! individual!behaves!in!accord!with!the! needs!of!the!system!and!does!so!without! showing!signs!of!stress.! ! ! Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its. Future,!1995! ! ! ! TAHIMIK,%KIDLAT%A!sui!generis! mixture!of!documentary,!diary!film,! fictionalized!autobiography,!cinematic! essay!and!ethnography,!Kidlat!Tahimik’s! 1977!debut,!Perfumed.Nightmare,! became!an!instant!classic!of!sorts,! announcing!the!arrival!of!a!pioneering! filmmaker.!But!Tahimik!remains!a!very! unusual!sort!of!pioneer.!His!cinema’s! sharp!critique!of!the!divides!between! rich!and!poor,!capitalism!and! community,!developed!nations!and!the! developing!world!relies!on!gentle! humor,!everyday!experiences!and! childlike!play.!Weaving!this!material! into!knowing!and!heartfelt!looks!at!life! in!the!Philippines,!Tahimik!uncovers!the! ways!in!which!the!country’s!postcolonial! status!places!it!at!the!center!of! contemporary!concerns!about!the! retreat!of!tradition!in!the!face!of!a!global! marketplace!dominated!by!an!alla encompassing,!everagrowing! technology.!There!is!little!in!Tahimik’s! early!biography!to!indicate!the!career!he! would!eventually!choose.!He!was!born! Eric!de!Guia!in!Baguio!in!1942!to!an! engineer!and!a!woman!who!would!be! the!first!female!mayor!in!the!Philippines.! After!receiving!a!master’s!degree!from! the!business!school!at!Wharton,!he! worked!for!the!Organization!for! Economic!Cooperation!and! Development!in!Paris!in!1968.! Uninspired!by!the!research!he!was! called!upon!to!perform,!he!left!his!job!to! sell!memorabilia!at!the!1972!Olympics! in!Munich.!Afterwards,!rather!than! returning!home,!he!joined!an!artists’! commune!in!Munich!and!eventually! attracted!the!attention!of!Werner! Herzog,!who!cast!him!in!a!small!part!in! The.Enigma.of.Kaspar.Hauser.(1974).! Under!Herzog’s!tutelage,!he!took!up! filmmaking!and!premiered!Perfumed. Nightmare!at!the!1977!Berlin!film! festival.!The!film!quickly!traveled!the! world,!championed!in!the!US!by!Francis! Ford!Coppola!and!Susan!Sontag. Since!then,!Tahimik!has!created!a!string! of!documentaries!and!one!fiction!feature! film,!all!of!which!demonstrate!his!love!of! wordplay!both!silly!and!sophisticated! and!his!ability!to!blend!politics!and!the! % 123 ! imagination!in!surprising!and!revealing! ways. ! ! ! TAPROBANE,!île!dans!le!Sud!de! l’océan!Indien.!Couverte!en!grande! partie!par!une!forêt!impénétrable,!elle! est!le!repaire!de!l’amphisbaena.!Ce! serpent!a!la!particularité!de!posséder! aux!deux!extrémités!une!tête!aux! crochets!venimeux!et!aux!yeux!brillants! comme!des!chandelles.!Il!peut!changer! de!direction!très!rapidement.!Il!semble! que!les!fourmis!le!nourrissent!et!le! soignent.!Coupé!en!deux,!son!corps!se! reforme!de!luiamême.! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Pline! l’Ancien,!Naturalis.Historia,!Ier!siècle!apr.!J.aC.!;! Lucain,!Pharsalia,!entre!39!et!65!apr.!J.aC.;! Brunetto!Latini,!Li.Livres.dou.Tresor,!Milan,! 1265!;!Sir!Thomas!Brown,!Pseudodoxia.epide; mica.or.Enquiries.into.very.many.Received. Tenents.and.commonly.Presumed.Truths;! Londres,!1646! ! ! TAXONOMIA!Este!livro!nasceu!de!um! texto!de!Borges.!Do!riso!que,!com!sua! leitura,!perturba!todas!as!familiaridades! do!pensamento!–!do!nosso:!daquele!que! tem!nossa!idade!e!nossa!geografia!–,! abalando!todas!as!superfícies!ordenadas! e!todos!os!planos!que!tornam!sensata! para!nós!a!profusão!dos!seres,!fazendo! vacilar!e!inquietando,!por!muito!tempo,! nossa!prática!milenar!do!Mesmo!e!do! Outro.!Esse!texto!cita!“uma!certa! enciclopédia!chinesa”!onde!será!escrito! que!“os!animais!se!dividem!em:!a)! pertencentes!ao!imperador,!b)! embalsamados,!c)!domesticados,!d)! leitões,!e)!sereias,!f)!fabulosos,!g)!cães! em!liberdade,!h)!incluídos!na!presente! classificação,!i)!que!se!agitam!como! loucos,!j)!inumeráveis,!k)!desenhados! com!um!pincel!muito!fino!de!pêlo!de! camelo,!l)!et!cetera,!m)!que!acabam!de! quebrar!a!bilha,!n)!que!de!longe! parecem!moscas”.!No!deslumbramento! dessa!taxinomia,!o!que!de!súbito! atingimos,!o!que,!graças!ao!apólogo,!nos! é!indicado!como!o!encanto!exótico!de! um!outro!pensamento,!é!o!limite!do! nosso:!a!impossibilidade! patente!de!pensar!isso. ! ! ! Michel!Foucault,!As.Palavras.e.as.Coisas,!1966! ! ! 124 ! ! !! TECHNIQUE!An!odd,!elusive!1971! Filipino!filibuster,!a!first!feature!that! somehow!disassembles!more!than!it! assembles,!Mababangong.Bangungot. (The!Perfumed!Nightmare)!has!a!nearly! total!absence!of!“technique”!–!pacing,! composition,!acting,!rhythm,!budget!–! that!is!inextricably!bound!up!with!its! subject,!an!allaaround!ambivalence! about!American!knowhow.!This!makes!it! intermittently!sluggish!to!watch,!and! theoretically!fascinating!to!think!about.! Combining!autobiography!with!fantasy,! “magical!realism”!with!cornball!folklore! and!enchantment!(with!American! technology)!with!disenchantment,!it’s!as! unremittingly!screwball!as!a!house!built! of!chewing!gum!wrappers!and!cigarette! packs.![…]!Working!with!the!most! nonexistent!sense!of!rhythm!since!the! films!of!Daniel!Schmid,!Tahimik’s! nontechnique!initially!recalls!the!wittier! stance!of!a!conscious!technical!primitive! like!Luc!Moullet.!Yet!after!a!bit,!as!it! becomes!clear!that!Tahimk!has!much! less!historical!or!critical!knowledge!of! film!than!Moullet,!one!becomes!equally! aware!that!he!does.have!a! metaphorical/conceptual!imagination!of! some!density.!(The!movie!is!an! anthology!of!bridges!and!rocketashaped! structures,!along!with!gumballs,!eggs,! and!onions.)!Strained!through!Tahimik’s! impoverished!means!–!Heaven’s.Gate! cost!4000!times!as!much!to!make!–!this! quasialiterary!talent!comes!out!looking! and!sounding!pretty!weird.![…]!Patchy! throughout,!The.Perfumed.Nightmare! has!been!aptly!described!by!Tahimik!as! “an!exercise!in!learning!the!art!of! filmmaking.”! ! ! Jonathan!Rosenbaum,!“The!Perfumed! Nightmare”,!The.Soho.News,!1980! ! ! TECNOLOGIE%Et!au!XXème!Siècle,! l’auxiliaire!favori!de!l’asservissement,! c’est!la!science.!Si!la!croyance!dans!la! technologie!salvatrice!de!l’humanité!est! loin!d’avoir!cessé!avec!le!siècle,!tout!de! même,!il!ne!viendrait!à!l’idée!de! personne!de!soutenir!que!le! néolibéralisme!est!une!science.!Le! socialisme!bureaucratique,!lui,!se! targuait!d’en!être!une,!et!finit!par!nier! l’humain!qu’il!prétendait!vouloir! “!changer!”.!Face!à!cela,!le!supera8! soviétique!périmé,!le!son!dictaphone! enregistré!sur!place,!le!développement!à! la!main,!bref!la!fabrication!artisanale!du! film,!c’est!une!manière!d’utiliser!des! moyens!techniques!sur!lesquels!on!peut! avoir!prise,!sans!être!en!position!de! maîtrise!absolue.!A!cet!endroit,!le!corps! à!corps!avec!la!technique!est!encore! possible!dans!un!rapport!équitable,!où! les!contraintes!peuvent!donner!des! idées!et!où!les!imperfections!du!support! nuisent!à!sa!pseudoatransparence.!Cela! peut!paraître!paradoxal,!mais,!l’histoire! du!cinéma!expérimental!prouve!que! désigné!clairement!comme!tel,!le! supportafilm!peut!permettre!ce!pas!de! recul!qui!libère!la!réflexion!et! l’imaginaire.!Et!vous!direz!que!je!suis!un! superahuitard,!voire!un!superahuitard! attardé,!mais!il!me!semble!que!ce! bricolage!avec!des!procédés!vieux!d’un! siècle!laisse!plus!de!place!à!cette!part!de! réel!qui!résiste!à!la!rationalisation!et!que! certains!s’obstinent!à!appeler!poésie. % ! Nicolas!Rey,!La!véritable!histoire!du!voyageur! solitaire!et!les!raisons!qui!l’ont!poussé!à! entretendre!son!voyage!(en!guise!de!note! d’intention),!2001! ! ! TÉDIO%Dizem!que!o!tédio!é!uma!doença! de!inertes,!ou!que!ataca!só!os!que!nada! têm!que!fazer.!Essa!moléstia!da!alma!é! porém!mais!subtil!:!ataca!os!que!têm! diposição!para!ela,!e!poupa!menos!os! que!trabalham!ou!fingem!que!trabalham! (o!que!para!o!caso!é!o!mesmo)!que!os! inertes!deveras. Nada!há!pior!que!o!contraste!entre!o! esplendor!natural!da!vida!interna,!com! as!suas!Índias!naturais!e!os!seus!países! incógnitos,!e!a!sordidez,!ainda!que!em! verdade!não!seja!sórdida,!de! quotidianidade!da!vida.!O!tédio!pesa! mais!quando!não!tem!a!desculpa!da! inércia.!O!tédio!dos!grandes!esforçados!é! o!pior!de!todos. ! ! ! Bernardo!Soares,!Livro.do.desassossego,!1982% ! ! TELEJORNAL!Sem!programa!definido,! a!viagem!partiu!de!duas!premissas! principais:!“a!inexistência!de!uma! unidade!cultural!em!Portugal!e!a! ! ! ! constatação!do!desconhecimento!que! temos!do!país.”!Um!desconhecimento! provocado!em!grande!parte!pelo!tipo!de! imagens!erradas!que!são!mostradas:! “Sempre!tive!a!sensação!de!que!as! imagens!de!Portugal!que!se!vêem!nos! telejornais!de!todas!as!televisões!não! eram!imagens!justas.”! O!ministro!não!está!no!Parlamento,! anuncia!o!telejornal.!O!país!também!não.! E!as!histórias!deste!país!não!precisam!da! televisão!para!existirem.!Têm!vida! própria.Campo!de!Flamingos!sem! Flamingos!começa!com!a!exaustão!de! um!país!que!vai!oficializando!a!sua!crise! na!televisão.!Plano!fixo!sobre!uma!telea visão!e!um!telejornal,!o!ministro!que!não! está!no!Parlamento,!e!depois!aquilo!que! parece!um!gesto!de!dissidência,!de!não! pactuar!com!a!incapacidade!de!reina venção:!o!filme!parte. ! ! Vasco!Câmara,!“O!país!já!não!está!ali”,!Público,! 2013! ! ! TELEVISÃO!A!unidade!de!espaço!e! tempo!existe!quando!há!uma!situação! em!que!o!espírito!está!em!todo!o!lado!ao! mesmo!tempo.!O!meu!corpo!está!ali,!mas! o!meu!espírito!dispara!na!direcção!da! minha!história,!das!minhas!associações,! da!história!de!outras!pessoas,!das! associações!de!outras!pessoas.!Há!então! uma!espécie!de!equilíbrio!nesta!ideia! clássica!de!unidade,!que!nada!tem!a!ver! com!a!forma!como!vivemos!no!mundo.!O! papel!da!televisão!nas!nossas!vidas,! particularmente!nesse!momento…!Acho! que!a!Guerra!do!Golfo!ainda!não!tinha! começado,!mas!vamos!nessa!direcção.!A! televisão!está!sempre!ligada.!A!televisão! está!sempre!ligada!na!América.!É!parte! da!unidade!do!espaço!e!do!tempo!–!a! televisão!a!um!canto!da!sala,!com!o!som! desligado!ou!ligado!e!as!pessoas!a!fazer! coisas.! Assim,!a!pouco!e!pouco!comecei!a!juntar! o!dispositivo.!Estava!absolutamente! fascinado!pela!enorme!casa!de!banho.! Nunca!vira!uma!casa!de!banho!tão! grande!na!minha!vida.!Sentiaame! fascinado!pelas!reverberações!entre!esta! casa!de!banho!e!a!cave!de!Topographie! des!Terrors,!o!centro!de!tortura!da! Gestapo!na!cave!era!quase!tão!grande! ! 125 ! como!a!minha!casa!de!banho.!Eu!na!casa! de!banho.!Depois!queria!uma!televisão,! porque!naquela!altura!era!uma!parte! muito!grande!da!minha!vida.!Trabalhei! muito!naquilo,!passo!a!passo,!e!fiquei! muito!surpreendido!por!dizerem!que! era!batota.!Não!me!importo!de!fazer! batota,!mas!aquilo!foi!estranho,!porque! no!imaginar!da!situação!envolvi!muito!a! ideia!de!unidade.!Fiz!o!equivalente!ao! que!os!músicos!chamam!o!click.track.!É!a! batida.!Montei!todo!o!tipo!de!peças!dos! planosasequência!que!começara!por! fazer!e!que!sempre!acabara!por!cortar! ao!fim!de!dez!minutos,!por!me!estar!a! aborrecer.!Monteiaas!numa!certa!ordem! e!decidi!que!seriam!o!meu!guia!para! uma!hora!de!improvisação!na!qual!eu! sofreria!com!o!tempo!–!eu!e!a!câmara! naquele!lugar!fechado.!Pôrameaia!a!mim! próprio!na!situação!em!que!já!pusera! tantas!personagens!e!tantos!humanos!–! pessoas!que!conheci!–!com!uma!câmara! apontada!às!caras!deles!e!alguém!a! pediralhes!que!fossem!eles!próprios.![…]! Ali!estava!eu,!naquela!situação!.!Tinha! uma!hora!de!imagens.!Sabia!um!pouco! do!tempo!das!imagens,!sabia!quanto! tempo!demorava!cada!um!dos!diferentes! bocados.!Intimamente!eu!sabia!que!até! as!primeiras!imagens!da!parede! aparecerem!na!televisão,!vou!estar!a! filmar.!Vou!filmar!este!espaço.!Depois! vou!filmar!a!parede!e!toda!esta!parte! aqui.!Depois!vou!pôrame!em!frente!à! câmara.!Isso!só!terminará!quando!ouvir! (a!coisa!estava!de!tal!forma!montada! que!eu!não!conseguia!ver!o!televisor)!a! chegada!deste!novo!material,!seria!essa! a!minha!deixa.!Havia!uma!vaga!ideia!dos! blocos!de!material.!Vou!começar!aqui.! Vou!para!ali.!E!ao!fim!de!quarenta! minutos,!vou!ler!isto.!A!estrutura!das! ideias!foi!um!pouco!dada!por!este! percurso!das!imagens.!Mas!não!a!queria! preparar.!Queria!que!tivesse!um! verdadeiro!sentido!de!improvisação!e!a! possibilidade!de!se!afogar.!E!depois! havia!aquela!outra!coisa!que!se!não!se! tem!nada!a!dizer,!então!não!se!diga.!Por! mim,!tudo!bem.!Ter!a!força!de!estar!ali! apenas!em!frente!à!câmara,!de!ficar! sentado!e!deixar!o!tempo!passar.!Houve! um!take.!Houve!muitas!surpresas.! 126 ! ! !! Seguiu!em!direcções!que!não!pensei!que! fosse!seguir.!Quando!ficou!pronto,!não! consegui!olhar!para!ele.!Limiteiame!a! mandáalo.![…] O!Barre!e!eu!fizemos!uma!banda!sonora! para!Berlim!em!directo.!Sincronizámos! os!nossos!relógios!e!pusemoanos!ao! telefone.!Ele!estava!na!sua!capela!no!sul! de!França.!Houve!um.toq.de.départ.e!ele! fez!uma!hora.!É!bastante!notável.! Apeteciaame!muito!pôalo!no!ar.!Claro! que!a!Arte!disse!que!isso!não!fazia!parte! das!regras!do!jogo:!nada!de!elementos! adicionados,!nada!de!misturas!–!e!isso! requeria!uma!mistura.!Mas!isto!estava! muito!no!espírito!da!coisa.!Podiaase! estar!num!outro!país,!com!uma!ligação! directa!traduzindo!directamente!à! medida!que!prosseguíssemos. ! ! ! Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard! Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer. (Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997! ! ! TEMPORARY!Russell:!We!visited!some! islands%in!Norway!for!this!particular! romantic!sublime!landscape!and!it!was! too!much,!too!beautiful,!too!easy!to! understand!how!someone!would!occupy! the!space,!so!we!ended!up!shifting!of!this! parameters;!and!something!like!that! happened!in!every!instance. Cook:!Yes,!the!idea!of!utopia!that! underlies!the!film!is!not!about!an! obvious!presentation!of!the!idyllic,!it’s! more!intuitive!or!instinctual,!a!state!of! being.!Does!each!act!present!an! alternative!utopia? Rivers:!I!think!you!can!see!them!as!three! possibilities,!and!there’s!other! possibilities!out!there!as!well.!The!more! that!we!talked!about!it!we!got!interested! in!the!idea!that!utopia!was!something! inevitably!hard!to!grasp!and!that!you! don’t!have!to!think!of!it!as!something! that!is!permanent. Cook:!A!transient!state. Rivers:!It!can!be!transient!– Russell:!–!or!an!activated!state. Cook:!One!character!in!the!first!part! mentions!that!parties!are!“temporary! autonomous!zones,”!which!actually! seems!to!perfectly!describe!this!idea.!In! a!way!the!film!is!an!examination!of! temporary!autonomous!zones. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Rivers:!Once!he!said!that!line!we!always! knew!it!was!going!to!be!in!the! film.![laughs] trousers!are!worn!and!mended!at!the! buttocks,!the!patches!forming!two! circles.!He!has!a!beret!with!a!pompom.! ! ! ! ! Interview!by!Adam!Cook,!“Locarno!2013.! Temporary!Autonomous!Zones:!A!Conversation! with!Ben!Rivers!&!Ben!Russell”,!www.!mubi.com,! 2013! ! ! THOME,%RUDOLF!Born!in! Wallau/Lahn!(now!Biedenkopf)!on! 14.11.1939;!took!final!school! examinations!at!a!Christian!boarding! school!in!Gaienhofen!near!Lake! Constance!in!1960.!Took!up!studies!in! German!language!and!literature,! philosophy!and!history!in!Munich!and!in! Bonn!in!1960.!Following!a!trip!to!Paris,! he!began!writing!his!first!film!reviews! for!the!newspaper!Bonner. Generalanzeiger!in!1962.!Moved!to! Munich,!where!he!began!writing!articles! for!the!periodicals!Filmkritik!and!Film!as! well!as!for!the.Süddeutscher.Zeitung.!In! 1964!he!collaborated!with!Max! Zihlmann!and!Klaus!Lemke!on!his!first! short!film!and!became!managing! director!of!the!Munich!Film!Critics’!Club! in!1965.!Worked!as!a!loans!consultant! for!the!building!society!Neue!Heimstatt! and!broke!off!his!dissertation!on!Albert! Paris!Gütersloh’s!novel!Sonne.und.Mond! to!make!his!first!fullalength!feature!film;! moved!to!Berlin!in!1973!where!he!wrote! film!reviews!for!the!newspaper!Der. Tagesspiegel!and!the!magazine!Hobo.! Also!worked!for!the!Freunde!der! deutschen!Kinemathek.!Founded!his! own!production!company,!Moana!Film,! in!1977.!In!1981!he!received!the!Guild! Award!in!the!category!second!best! German!film!for!Berlin!Chamissoplatz! and!in!1989!he!received!the! International!Film!Critics’!Award!in! Montreal!for!Best!Film!for!The. Philosopher.!Founded!his!own! distribution!company,!Prometheus,!in! 1991. ! ! ! THROW!A!man,!his!back!turned!to!us,! holds!a!long!harpoon!(a!rope!hangs!from! it).!It!looks!as!though!he!is!about!to! throw!it,!standing!on!a!small!boat,!trying! to!find!balance,!his!left!arm!bent!and!the! right!one!stretched,!for!thrust.!His! ! ! ! ! ! ! TRANSPORT!These!shifts!enter!the! film!through!changes!in!the!quality!of! our!characters’!attention!as!they! experience!‘transport,’!both!up!the!hill! via!the!cable!car!as!well!as!the!spiritual! movement!that!comes!from!visiting!a! holy!place.!The!body!and!the!spirit,!the! sacred!and!the!profane!–!in!our!quiet! fashion,!we!tried!to!capture!some!part!of! the!ebb!and!flow!between!them.!For! hundreds!of!years,!people!had!to!walk! up!this!hill!to!visit!the!temple.!And!the! cable!car!changed!that!journey!from!an! active!experience!into!a!passive!one.!It! turned!pilgrims!into!passengers.!Which! makes!me!think!about!how!technology! has!shifted!people’s!relationship!to! seemingly!fixed!quantities!like!distance! and!time,!and!through!these!changes! altered!basic!social!concepts!like!family,! religion,!and!tradition. ! ! Pacho!Velez,!interviewed!by!Lucien!Castainga Taylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!2013! ! ! TRIANGLE!During!Rivers!and!Russell's! film,!in!the!transition!from!the!first!to! the!second!part,!and!then!to!the!third,!a! triangle!appears,!scratched!onto!the!film! itself,!branded!into!the!black.!The!two! filmmakers,!one!British!and!one! American,!sharing!a!first!name!and! initials!as!though!predestined!to!double! 127 ! and!reflect!in!each!other,!have!often! shared!similar!creative!journeys,!which! grew!closer,!intersected!and!have!now! joined!together. ! ! Sergio!Fant,!“Two!Directors,!Three!Movements”,! www.!pardolive.ch,!2013! ! ! TROJAN%TUBE,%THE!In!culturally! colonized!countries,!television!is!the! steady!purveyor!of!alien!values.!Even! after!the!departure!of!the!last! administrators/!missionaries/!troops,! the!sex!&!violence!content!continue! killing.us.softly!with!Wall!Street!values! and!consumer!culture. ! ! Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013! ! ! TRUTH!It’s!important!to!say!that! there’s!a!level!of!construction!in!each! part!of!the!film.!We!brought!some!of!the! people!to!the!space.![Such!as!Robert!A.A.! Lowe]!and!some!other!folks,!musicians! and!cinephiles.!We!were!looking!at! Chronicle.of.a.Summer!by!Jean!Rouch! and!Edgar!Morin!as!a!way!of!organizing! conversations,!also!Robert!Kramer’s! Milestones,!where!there’s!a!bit!of! performance!and!direction!in!arriving!at! a!certain!kind!of!truth. ! ! Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Adam!Cook,! “Locarno!2013.!Temporary!Autonomous!Zones:! A!Conversation!with!Ben!Rivers!&!Ben!Russell”,! www.!mubi.com,!2013! ! ! TSALAL,!an!island!beyond!the! Antarctic!Polar!Circle,!latitude!83°!20’! south,!longitude!43°!5’!west,!set!in!a! ravenablack!sea!and!surrounded!by! seven!other!islands.!The!coast!is!steep,! the!interior!covered!by!thick!woodland.! Its!climate!is!benign!–incredible!for!its! latitude!–!and!the!sea!around!it!is!free! from!ice.!The!rocks!are!unusual!because! of!their!volume,!many!dark!colours!and! stratifications.!Even!the!vegetation!is! different!from!any!other!in!the!world.! The!waters!of!Tsalal!are!unique.!Though! drinkable,!they!have!the!consistency!of! gum!Arabic!dissolved!in!water.!When! running,!the!water!presents!itself!to!the! eye!in!many!shades!of!violet,!like!shot! silk,!but!if!it!is!caught!in!a!bowl!it!can!be! seen!that!the!liquid!is!formed!of!several! separate!veins,!each!of!a!different! 128 ! ! !! colour.!These!veins!do!not!intermingle,! and!though!the!cohesion!among!the! different!particles!is!perfect,!it!remains! imperfect!between!vein!and!vein.!If!the! blade!of!a!knife!is!inserted!through!the! middle,!the!water!will!immediately!close! upon!it,!but!if!the!blade!is!inserted! delicately!between!two!veins,!a!perfect! separation!is!obtained!and!the!veins!do! not!come!together!at!once.! The!inhabitants!are!as!black!as!ebony! and!wear!their!thick,!woolly!hair!long.! They!are!as!tall!as!the!average!European! but!far!more!muscular!and!sturdy.!They! go!about!naked,!except!for!the!warriors! who!cover!themselves!with!the!thick,! soft!skin!of!a!dark,!unknown!animal,! which!they!drape!around!their!bodies! with!great!ability.!They!are!armed!with! dark!wooden!clubs,!flintaheaded!spears! and!slings.!Their!houses,!of!rather!poor! design,!are!grouped!in!a!village!called! KlockaKlock.!Most!of!their!habitations! are!small!shallow!caves,!dug!out!of!a! steep!wall!of!black!stone.!Others!consist! of!a!tree!cut!down!about!four!feet!from! the!ground!with!a!black!skin!thrown! over!it!and!hanging!in!loose!folds!under! which!the!natives!nestle.!Other!houses! are!formed!by!means!of!rough!branches,! with!the!withered!foliage!still!on!them,! made!to!recline!at!a!fortyafiveadegree! angle!against!a!bank!of!clay,!and!heaped! up,!without!regular!form,!to!the!height! of!five!or!six!feet.!Yet!others!are!mere! holes!dug!in!the!ground!and!covered! with!branches.!A!few!are!built!among! the!forked!branches!as!they!stand,!the! upper!part!being!partially!cut!through,! so!as!to!bend!over!upon!the!lower,!thus! forming!a!thicker!shelter!from!the! weather.! The!fauna!is!strange.!Among!the! domestic!animals!is!a!large!creature! which!resembles!the!common!hog!in!the! structure!of!the!body!and!the!snout.!The! tail,!though,!is!bushy!and!the!slender! legs!are!like!those!of!an!antelope.!Its! movements!are!exceedingly!awkward! and!indecisive!and!it!hardly!ever! attempts!to!run.!There!are!other!similar! animals!but!of!greater!body!length!and! covered!with!black!wool.!A!great!variety! of!tame!fowls!constitute!the!natives’! ! ! chief!food,!including!a!kind!of!duck,! black!gannets!and!a!nonacarnivorous! buzzard.!The!natives!have!also! domesticated!the!black!albatross!which! periodically!flies!off!to!sea!but!always! returns!to!the!villages.!There!is!an!abuna dance!of!fish!and!turtles.!The!serpents! on!the!island,!despite!their!formidable! aspect,!do!not!frighten!the!natives!and! are!therefore!probably!not!venomous.!In! the!south,!where!the!black!albatross! makes!its!nest,!are!many!biches;de;mer.! The!only!expedition!known!to!have! reached!Tsalal!was!that!on!board!the! schooner!Jane.Guy!from!Liverpool,!on! January!19,!1828.!All!but!two!members! of!the!expedition!were!massacred.!One! of!these,!Mr.!Gordon!Pym!of!Nantucket,! discovered!certain!chasms!in!the! interior!of!the!island.!In!the!eastern! extremity!of!the!easternmost!chasm,!Mr.! Pym!found!carvings!which!exactly! reproduce!the!Ethiopian!verbal!root!for! “being!dark,”!from!which!derive!all! words!indicating!“shadow”!or! “darkness”;!also!the!Arab!verbal!root! “being!white,”!from!which!derive!all! words!meaning!“light”!and!“purity”;!and! finally!an!Egyptian!word!meaning! “southern!region”!together!with!a! human!figure!pointing!south.!It!is! interesting!to!note!that!very!few!things! on!the!island!are!white,!that!the! inhabitants!are!terrified!by!the!mere! sight!of!that!colour,!and!that!in!the! southern!region!of!the!island!everything! is!black.!It!is!possible!that!the!crew!of! the!Jane.Guy!were!exterminated!because! of!the!colour!of!their!skin.!A!philological! examination!of!the!name!of!the!island! might!perhaps!reveal!some!link!with!the! characters!so!mysteriously!inscribed!on! the!walls!of!its!interior.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Edgar! Allan!Poe,!The.Narrative.of.Arthur.Gordon.Pym.of. Nantucket,!New!York,!1838! ! ! ! ! ! ! TURISMO%Na!primeira!vez!que!viu!a! ilha,!Marini!estava!amavelmente! inclinado!sobre!as!poltronas!da! esquerda,!ajustando!a!mesa!de!plástico! antes!de!colocar!a!bandeja!do!almoço.!A! passageira!olharaao!diversas!vezes,! enquanto!ele!ia!e!vinha!com!revistas!ou! copos!de!uísque;!Marini!demorava!em! ajustar!a!mesa,!perguntandoase! entediado!se!valeria!a!pena!responder! ao!olhar!insistente!da!passageira,!uma! americana!entre!muitas,!quando!no!oval! azul!da!janela!entrou!o!litoral!da!ilha,!a! franja!dourada!da!praia,!as!colinas!que! subiam!em!direção!ao!planalto!desolado.! Marini!sorriu!para!a!passageira,! corrigindo!a!posição!defeituosa!do!copo! de!cerveja.!“As!ilhas!gregas”,!disse.!“Oh,! yes,!Greece”,!respondeu!a!americana! com!um!falso!interesse. […]!A!ilha!tinha!uma!forma!incona fundível,!era!como!uma!tartaruga!que! mal!acabasse!de!tirar!as!patas!de!dentro! da!água.!Demorouase!olhando!para!a!ilha! até!que!o!chamaram,!desta!vez!com!a! certeza!de!que!a!mancha!cor!de!chumbo! era!um!grupo!de!casas;!chegou!a!percea ber!os!desenhos!de!uns!poucos!campos! cultivados!que!chegavam!até!a!praia.! Durante!a!escala!em!Beirute,!examinou!o! atlas!da!aeromoça!e!se!perguntou!se!a! ilha!não!seria!Horos.!O!radiotelegrafista,! um!francês!indiferente,!surpreendeuase! com!o!seu!interesse.!“Todas!essas!ilhas! são!parecidas,!há!anos!que!faço!a!linha!e! muito!pouco!me!interessam.!Sim,! mostreame!da!próxima!vez.”!Não!era! Horos!mas!Xiros,!uma!das!várias!ilhas! situadas!à!margem!dos!circuitos! turísticos.!“Não!vai!durar!nem!cinco! anos”,!disse!a!aeromoça!enquanto! tomavam!um!aperitivo!em!Roma.!“Se! você!quiser!ir!lá,!ande!depressa;!as! hordas!chegarão!a!qualquer!momento:! Gengis!Cook!está!alerta.”! % ! ! Julio!Cortázar,!“A!ilha!ao!meioadia”,!1966! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 129 ! ! dictates!his!contexts!and!methods.!With! its!title!referring!to!a!line!in!Waiting.for. Godot,!his!latest!film!confirms!this! movement.!Here!we!are!on!the!island!of! Tanna,!a!part!of!Vanatu,!an!archipelago! in!Melanesia.!Strange!rites!are! performed!(the!hoisting!of!an! incongruous!flag)!and!Sibylline!words! are!trotted!out.!On!the!horizon!of!these! scenes:!the!practice!of!the!“cargo!cult”.! This!prevaricated!reaappropriation,!as! we!know,!of!the!supposed!forces!of!the! Western!world!by!those!ethnic!tribes! convinced!of!their!magical!powers,!is! placed!in!the!heart!of!an!indifferent!and! luxuriant!nature.!Yet!no!analysis!is!made! here,!no!desire!to!clarify!–!quite!to!the! contrary,!here!we!are!just!plunged!into! that!universe.!Only!the!title!appears!to! offer!us!a!key,!for!what!it!is!worth:!little! does!it!matter!what!has!been!decided,!as! unimportant!as!always!and!still!on!the! brink!of!the!forgotten,!the!importance!is! at!least!to!have!tried.!Could!the!same! unpretentious,!almost!obsessive! stubbornness,!be!present!and!shared!in! Russell’s!film!work?! ! resulted!in!a!range!of!injuries!to!twentya three!people!and!the!deaths!of!three.!It! also!publicized!Kaczynski’s!case!against! the!technoaindustrial!system,!which! Kaczynski!believes!is!society’s! paramount!problem,!an!alla encompassing,!subjugating,!destructive! force!that!must!be!brought!to!an!end! through!revolution. UNDER%CONSTRUCTION!Two!red! flags!against!the!sky!on!the!top!of!two! enormous!ships!that!stand!on!the! ground.!You!can’t!tell!the!difference! between!the!dust!and!the!clouds. ! ! ! ! Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,! 2011! ! ! UNIMPORTANT!For!a!long!while!now,! ! ! ! UNABOMBER!The!Unabomber! campaign,!carried!out!between!1978! and!1995,!targeted!individuals!who! stood!for!technological!progress,!and! 130 ! we!have!all!known!of!the!particular! characteristics!of!Ben!Russell!to!sail! unconcerned!and!without!any!particular! commitment!between!several!genres!of! work.!From!the!scrupulous! ethnographic!documentary!to!the! completely!uninhibited!experimental! film,!from!some!cutting!political! reflection!to!the!deep!contemplation!of! Nature,!from!the!sequence!of!shots!to! accelerated!editing,!from!the!short!to!the! long!feature!film,!it!is!always!an! exploration!moving!towards!a!form!of! intelligence!combined!with!grace!that! ! JeanaPierre!Rehm,!FID!Marseille!catalogue,!2013! ! ! UREPARAPARA%Il!y!a!peu!d'élus!dans! ce!paradis!terrestre,!si!loin!et!si!petit!que! le!monde!l'a!oublié!ou!négligé,!le! nombre!ne!peut!donc!pas!compliquer!les! relations!entre!les!gens.!Il!y!a!comme! une!transparence!obligée!de!ces! relations!directes!entre!les!individus,! analogue!à!la!clarté!de!l'environnement! naturel.!Puisque!cette!île!est!sans! histoire,!hors!de!la!tourmente!du!monde! et!comme!son!envers,!elle!est!tout! espace,!la!société!y!est!instantanénient! visualisable!(il!est!aisé!de!la!filmer!dans! son!ensemble!comme!en!détail).!Le! point!de!vue!superficiel!rejoint!son! exposé!en!profondeur,!jusqu'à!coïncider! avec!lui:!faire!le!tour!de!l'île!revient!à! mettre!à!jour,!à!plat,!sa!vérité.!Cette!île! n'a!pas!de!secret,!toute!la!société!petit! s'y!résumer!en!graphes,!plans,!cartes,! schémas!de!parenté,!dessins,!photos!et! film.!Elle!est!la!figure!du!monde.!Une! femme!peut!la!porter!sur!ses!épaules!(la! chemise!de!Cynthia!Beatt)!avec!ces!trois! mots!:!Paradise!of!Pacific.!Ureparapara! ! ! ! est!immémoriale,!légendaire,!et! mystérieuse!son!essence:!elle!est!à!la! source!de!tous!les!messianismes,!des! grands!voyages!et!de!la!Conquête!de! l'Ouest,!elle!existait!déjà!au!cinéma,!dans! les!contes!fantastiques!et!les!romans! d'aventures.!C'est!L'Ile.au.Trésor.!C'est! Tabou,!L'Ile.du.Docteur.Moreau.![…]! Ureparapara!est!la!preuve!de!l'existence! de!l'Utopie.!Après!quoi!le!Monde!n'a!plus! qu'à!recommencer!son!histoire,! deuxième!version!de!la!Génèse:! Ureparapara!contient!toute!l'histoire!du! monde,!c'en!est!la!mémoire!depuis!le! mythe!de!la!création.!Echanger!un!poste! de!radio!contre!des!coquillages,!c'est! aussi!réinventer!la!monnaie.!Les! ethnologues!investissent! scientifiquement!leur!terrain,!comme! une!patrouille!ou!un!commando! aéroporté!qui!précéderait!de!quelques! semaines!des!puissances!rivales:!les! gardesacôtes!français!et!anglais!qui! sillonnent!la!mer.![…]!Le!relevé! topographique!est!d'abord!un!outil! militaire.!Mais!cette!armée!n'est!qu'une! armée!de!touristes!avec!ses!appareils! photos,!son!matériel!de!plongée,!ses!sacs! de!couchage!et!ses!bouteilles!thermos,! soucieuse!avant!tout!de!son!confort!(la! monstruosité!du!touriste:!voir!Scarabea! de!Syberberg).!Mais!ces!allures!de! vacances!sont!scolaires,!il!faut!faire!de!la! géographie!et!des!langues,de!la! botanique!et!du!dessin,!rendre!ses! devoirs!au!prof,!Cynthia!Beatt:!les!élèves! se!rebellent.!Derrière!cette!école,!se! dresse!l'usine,!et!le!salariat!…!Ces! envahisseurs!ne!sont!que!des!exilés!qui! fuient!une!Allemagne!trop!policée.! Car!en!face!d'eux!il!n'y!a!rien,!rien! qu'une!autre!histoire,!l'histoire!d'autres! fuites:!celle!des!Mutinés!du!Bounty!qui! ne!purent!accoster;!celle!des!indigènes! que!la!famine!chassa!de!leurs!terres!et! qui!ne!rêvent!que!d'y!retourner.!Et!si!ce! paradis!n'était!que!la!douceur! trompeuse!de!l'enfer?!Le!Sauvage!décrit! aux!réfugiés!de!Berlin!le!manque!d'air! de!cette!prison,!l'agressivité!de!sa!forme! et!sa!pollution,!les!abus!de!la! colonisation,!l’aliénation!impitoyable!du! travail.!Il!n'y!a!d'ailleurs!pas!de!Sauvages! sur!cette!île,!il!n'y!a!que!des!Civilisés! 131 ! avec!la!même!histoire!que!les!autres:! tous!mariés!très!catholiquement!et! divisé!entre!les!Partis!Politiques!de! l'Indépendance,!ils!s'appellent!(Georges,! Charles,!Jonathan!ou!Nickelson;!ils!ont!la! nostalgie!des!traditions!perdues.! L'énigme!est!donc!entière:!avant!les! ethnologues,!avant!le!cinéma,!avant!les! habitants!de!ReefaIsland,!avant!le! Bounty,!qu'y!avaitail!sur!cette!île?! Ureparapara!est!la!réfutation!de! l'Utopie. ! ! Yann!Lardeau,!“L’introuvable”,!Cahiers.du. Cinéma,!1980% ! ! UTOPIA,!an!island!about!fifteen!miles! from!the!coast!of!Latin!America,! formerly!known!as!Sansculottia.!Utopia! was!originally!connected!to!the! mainland!by!an!isthmus.! Utopia!takes!its!present!name!from! Utopos,!one!of!its!earliest!recorded! rulers.!As!soon!as!he!had!control!Of!the! country,!Utopos!had!a!channel!cut! through!the!isthmus,!transforming! Utopia!into!an!island.![…]!The!entrance! channel!is!extremely!dangerous,!being! studded!with!rocks!and!shoals! concealed!just!below!the!water!level.!A! tower!stands!on!the!single!visible!rock.! Only!Utopians!know!which!are!the!safe! channels,!and!without!a!local!pilot!it!is! virtually!impossible!to!enter!the! harbour!in!safety.!Even!local!sailors! would!have!difficulty!were!it!not!for!the! landmarks!erected!along!the!shoreline,! and!if!the!Utopians!moved!these! landmarks!it!would!be!easy!for!them!to! lure!enemy!ships!to!their!destruction.! […] There!are!fiftyafour!large!towns!on! Utopia,!all!built!to!the!same!plan.!The! minimum!distance!between!them!is! twentyafour!miles;!the!maximum!no! more!than!a!day’s!walk.!The!capital,! Aircastle!or!Amaurote,!is!situated!in!the! centre!of!the!island!and!is!therefore! equally!accessible!from!all!areas.!It!is! built!on!a!gentle!slope!above!the!River! Nowater!and!is!practically!square,!two! miles!on!each!side. […]!The!houses!take!the!form!of!long! terraces,!built!in!streets!and!each! separated!by!a!twentyafoot!carriageway.! Behind!each!house!is!a!large!garden,! ! ! ! 132 ! ! !! running!the!whole!length!of!the!street! and!enclosed!by!the!backs!of!the! transversal!streets.!Each!house!has!a! front!door!and!a!back!door,!both! opening!at!a!touch!and!shutting! automatically.!All!the!houses!are!faced! with!flint,!stone!or!brick;!their!roofs!are! covered!with!a!special!sort!of!concrete! which!is!extremely!cheap,!but!which! resists!bad!weather!much!more! effectively!than!leadait!also!has!the! advantage!of!being!fireproof.![…] At!regular!intervals!across!the! countryside!are!houses!that!provide!all! that!is!required!for!cultivating!the!land,! each!house!capable!of!accommodating! forty!adults!plus!two!slaves!who!are! permanently!attached!to!each!house.![…]! Farming!is,!effectively,!the!trade!of!all! Utopians!and!is!taught!from!an!early!age! in!school.!In!addition!to!farming,! everyone!is!taught!a!special!trade,!such! as!weaving,!spinning,!stonemasonry,! blacksmithing!and!carpentry.!As! everyone!wears!the!same!style!of! clothes,!there!are!no!tailors!or! dressmakers,!an!arrangement!which! frees!large!numbers!of!people!for!more! productive!labour.!Most!children!tend!to! adopt!the!trade!practised!by!their! fathers,!but!if!they!choose!to!follow!a! different!trade!they!are!adopted!by!a! family!which!practises!it.!Once!a!person! has!mastered!one!trade,!he!can!get! permission!to!learn!another;!when!both! have!been!mastered,!the!choice!is!up!to! the!individual,!unless!one!trade!is!more! essential!to!the!public!than!the!other.! Work!is!the!whole!basis!of!Utopian! society;!all!men!and!women!work!and!in! the!average!town!fewer!than!five! hundred!people!would!be!exempt!from! work!(for!specific!reasons).!Given!the! numbers!employed!in!the!work!force! and!the!concentration!on!useful!trades,! it!is!not!surprising!that!Utopia!is!so! prosperous.!Production!is!also!carefully! planned.![…]!Excess!resources!are! rapidly!diverted!to!wherever!they!may! be!needed.!Similar!calculations!are! applied!to!the!use!of!the!labour!force;! before!harvest!time,!the!District! Controllers!notify!the!authorities!of!how! much!extra!labour!they!will!need!and! ! ! the!appropriate!number!of!labourers! appear!at!the!right!time.!The!efficiency! of!the!economy!means!that!it!has!been! possible!to!reduce!the!working!day!to! six!hours!without!producing!any! shortage!in!essential!goods!or!services.! The!reduction!of!workers!employed!in! luxury!or!unnecessary!trades!has!a! further!beneficial!effect!on!the!economy.! With!the!entire!population!(or!a!very! high!proportion!of!it)!occupied!in!useful! labour,!immense!reserves!can!be!built! up!and!huge!labour!forces!can!be! diverted!into!public!works,!such!as! roadbuilding,!if!necessary.!It!also!means! that!public!holidays!can!be!declared! when!there!is!nothing!urgent!to!be!done,! thus!giving!the!people!an!opportunity!to! exercise!and!improve!their!minds.! A!system!of!internal!exchanges!means! that!no!area!or!town!goes!short!of! anything!and!that!surplus!produce!can! be!exported.![…]!The!only!imports,!in! normal!times,!are!iron,!gold!and!silver.! As!a!result,!the!Utopians!have!built!up! immense!gold!and!currency!reserves,! although!gold!has!no!intrinsic!value! within!the!country.!The!reserves!are! kept!to!protect!the!country!in!the!event! of!war!or!any!other!major!crisis!and!are! used!either!to!bribe!enemies!or!to!pay! for!mercenaries!to!fight!for!Utopia!in! foreign!wars,!should!the!need!arise.!In! the!past,!the!Utopians!insisted!on! payment!in!gold,!or!other!currencies,!for! their!exports;!their!reserves!are!now! such!that!they!are!indifferent!to!whether! they!sell!for!cash!or!for!credit.![…]. Politically,!Utopia!is!a!republic!in!which! there!is!no!private!property!and!in! which!everyone!takes!seriously!his!duty! towards!the!community.!No!one!is!rich,! but!there!is!no!poverty!and!no!one!risks! going!short!of!anything.!The!public! storehouses!are!perpetually!full,!thanks! to!the!efficiency!of!the!economy!and!the! rationally!planned!distribution!of! national!resources.!The!abolition!of! private!property!and!money!has!wiped! out!the!passion!for!property!and!money;! it!also!led!to!the!disappearance!of!all! crimes!and!abuses!connected!with!the! desire!for!wealth!and!superiority!and,! ! ! ! ! ! for!the!same!reasons,!poverty!itself!has! vanished.! […]!Although!a!republic,!Utopia!is!not,! strictly!speaking,!a!completely! egalitarian!society.!Each!household! comes!under!the!authority!of!the!eldest! male.!Wives!are!subordinate!to!their! husbands,!children!to!their!parents!and! young!people!to!their!elders.!Slavery! continues!to!exist.!The!slaves!of!Utopia! are!not,!however,!nonacombatant! prisoners!of!war.!The!vast!majority!are! condemned!criminals!acquired!in!large! numbers!from!other!countries,! sometimes!for!a!small!charge,! sometimes!for!nothing.!In!addition!to! these!there!are!the!Utopian!criminals.! Both!groups!are!kept!in!chains!and!are! forced!to!work!hard,!but!the!nativeaborn! Utopians!are!treated!much!worse!than! the!foreigners,!the!argument!being!that! if!someone!who!has!had!the!benefit!of!a! good!education!and!a!moral!upbringing! will!insist!on!becoming!a!criminal,!he! should!be!punished!all!the!more! severely.!The!third!category!of!slaves! consists!of!workingaclass!foreigners!who! prefer!slavery!in!Utopia!to!the!wretched! poverty!of!“freedom”!at!home.!They!are! treated!with!kindness!and!respect,! although,!being!accustomed!to!it!in!their! own!country,!they!work!harder!than!the! citizens!of!Utopia.!They!are!free!to!leave! the!country!if!they!wish!and!they!receive! a!small!gratuity!when!they!do.!Not!many! of!them,!however,!take!advantage!of!this! arrangement.! The!Utopians!are!one!of!the!few!nations! of!earth!to!see!nothing!glorious!in!war! and!to!consider!it!an!activity!more! suited!to!animals!than!human!beings.!On! the!other!hand,!all!members!of!the! population!receive!military!training,! irrespective!of!sex,!so!that!the!country! can!be!defended!if!need!be.!They!are! also!prepared!to!give!military!support!to! friendly!nations,!not!merely!to!defend! their!territories!but!also!to!make! reprisals!for!acts!of!aggression,!or!to! defend!the!rights!of!traders!who!have! been!unjustly!treated!in!foreign! countries.![…]!In!general,!the!Utopians! do!not!wish!for!bloodathirsty!victories,! preferring!if!possible!to!outwit!the! ! ! 133 ! enemy!through!the!power!of!the!intela lect.!In!accordance!with!this!principle,! they!make!extensive!use!of!secret! agents,!and!reward!the!assassination!of! enemy!rulers.!Lists!of!those!supporting! antiaUtopian!policies!in!enemy!countries! are!distributed!and!prizes!offered!for! their!capture!or!death.!There!is!no!limit! to!the!amount!of!money!that!Utopia!is! willing!to!pay!to!traitors!in!the!enemy! camp.!Although!the!Utopians!are!somea times!criticized!for!this!“dishonourable”! conduct,!they!argue!that!it!is!more! sensible!to!settle!major!wars!by!such! means!than!to!fight!battles!and!kill! thousands!of!innocent!people.!A!final! cause!of!war!is!the!Utopian!attitude! towards!colonization.!If!Utopia!becomes! overpopulated,!a!certain!number!of! people!are!detailed!to!start!a!colony!on! the!mainland,!wherever!there!is!a!large! area!that!has!not!already!been!taken! over!by!the!natives.!The!natives!are! allowed!to!join!in!the!colony!and! become!part!of!the!Utopian!community.! If!they!refuse!to!accept!Utopian!orders,! they!are!expelled!from!the!area!and,!if! they!resist,!war!is!immediately!declared.! The!Utopians!consider!it!perfectly! justifiable!to!declare!war!when!a! country!refuses!to!use!the!land!and!then! goes!on!to!deny!others!the!right!to!use!it.! […]!One!of!the!most!ancient!principles!of! the!Utopian!constitution!is!religious! tolerance,!and!a!variety!of!faiths!coexist! quite!peacefully.![…]!The!majority!of!the! population!agree!that!there!is!a!single! divine!power!which!is!quite!beyond! human!understanding,!diffused! throughout!the!universe!not!as!a! physical!substance!but!as!an!active! force.![…]!The!people!of!Utopia!also!bea lieve!in!the!existence!of!rewards!and! punishments!after!death;!anyone!who! thinks!differently!has,!they!claim,!lost! the!right!to!be!considered!a!human! being,!as!he!is!degrading!his!immortal! soul!to!the!level!of!an!animal’s!body.! Such!people!are!held!in!general! contempt!and!are!not!allowed!to!hold! any!public!office,!but!they!are!not! punished!or!terrorized!into!concealing! their!beliefs.!They!are!not!allowed!to! preach!their!views!in!public,!but!in! ! 134 ! ! !! private!they!are!actually!encouraged!to! discuss!them!as!the!Utopians!are! convinced!that!this!kind!of!delusion! must!eventually!collapse!in!the!face!of! rational!argument,!There!are! materialists!in!Utopia,!but!these!are!a! minority.!At!the!opposite!extreme!are! those!who!claim!that!animals!too!have! immortal!souls,!although!of!an!inferior! nature!to!that!of!man.!Most!of!the! population!believe!that!they!can!please! God!by!studying!the!natural!world,!but!a! significant!minority!are!led!by!their! religious!beliefs!to!neglect!the!pursuit!of! knowledge!and!simply!to!spend!their! lives!doing!good!works!of!various!kinds.! The!Utopians!are!further!divided!into! two!main!sects.!One!of!these!sects! believes!in!celibacy,!abstains!from!meat! and!in!some!cases!from!all!animal!foods;! they!renounce!the!pleasures!of!this! world!and!long!only!for!the!life!to!come.! The!other!sect!has!no!objection!to! pleasureaprovided!that!it!does!not! interfere!with!workaapproves!of! marriage!and!believes!that!procreation! is!a!duty!to!one’s!country!and!to!human! nature. […]!Utopians!believe!that!a!kind!god! created!them!to!be!happy.!This!helps!to! explain!the!attitude!to!pleasure!of!the! sect!that,!unlike!the!Cotobrethren,!has! not!renounced!the!pleasures!of!this! world.!They!deliberately!cultivate!the! higher!forms!of!pleasure.!It!is,!they! argue,!the!duty!of!every!human!being!to! make!his!or!her!way!through!life!as! comfortably!and!happily!as!possible!and! to!help!others!to!do!the!same.! Effectively,!this!principle!governs!the! entire!system!of!the!distribution!of! goods!and!wealth;!assuming!that!the! laws!have!been!justly!drawn!up,!it!is! only!right!to!consult!one’s!own!interests! and!those!of!the!community!at!large!..!It! would!be!wrong!to!deny!someone!else!a! pleasure!simply!so!that!one!can!enjoy!it! oneself.!At!the!same!time,!selfadenial!of! minor!pleasures!usually!means!that!the! benefit!will!be!repaid!in!kind.!Utopians! thus!argue!that,!in!the!final!analysis,! pleasure!is!the!ultimate!aim!of!all!human! beings,!evenaif!not!especiallyawhen!they! are!acting!most!virtuously.!It!is!further! ! ! argued!that!pleasure!is!any!state!that!is! naturally!enjoyable,!the!emphasis!being! on!the!word!“naturally,”!which!means! that!many!of!the!soacalled!pleasures!of! other!countries!are!dismissed!as!being! illusory.!All!forms!of!dandyism,! conspicuous!consumption,!gambling!and! hunting!are!considered!to!belong!to!this! category;!in!no!way!do!they!give!real! pleasure!to!the!individual.!Hunting!is! particularly!abhorrent!to!the!Utopians,! who!cannot!see!why!anyone!should!find! pleasure!in!the!barking!and!yapping!of! dogs,!not!to!mention!the!mutilation!of! small!animals!for!no!reason!at!all.!In! Utopia,!killing!is!quite!below!the!dignity! of!freemen!and!is!left!to!butchers,!all!of! whom!are!slaves.! A!similar!attitude!governs!the!way!in! which!Utopians!regard!silver!and!gold.! From!a!logical!point!of!view,!they!are! less!important!to!material!life!than!iron,! and!the!efficiency!of!their!economic! system!means!that!the!individual!has!no! need!to!hoard!gold.!Excessive!interest!in! personal!wealth!therefore!is!classified!as! an!illusory!pleasure.!In!order!to!prevent! gold!taking!on!the!importance!it!has!in! other!countries,!a!curious!scale!of!values! has!been!evolved.!Plates!and!drinking! vessels!are!beautifully!designed,!but! they!are!made!out!of!cheap!glass!or! earthenware.!Gold!and!silver,!however,! are!the!normal!materials!for!the!most! humble!items!of!domestic!use,!such!as! chamber!pots.!Slaves!are!fettered!with! gold!chains!and!those!guilty!of!the!most! shameful!crimes!are!forced!to!go!around! wearing!gold!rings!and!necklaces.!The! same!applies!to!jewels,!which!are! commonly!found!in!the!island,!but!which! are!not!valued!by!Utopians.! […]!On!the!other!hand,!real!pleasures,! both!mental!and!physical,!are!highly! valued.!Mental!pleasures!include!the! satisfaction!of!understanding!something! or!contemplating!the!truth.!Physical! pleasures!are!subdivided!into!two! categories:!the!first!type!includes!those! pleasures!which!fill!the!whole!body!with! a!conscious!sense!of!enjoyment,!such!as! the!discharge!of!some!excess!or!the! release!of!tension;!the!second!type!acts! in!a!mysterious!fashion!on!the!senses! ! ! ! ! ! themselves,!in!the!way!that!music! monopolizes!the!interests!of!the!senses! without!a!true!organic!need.!Such! pleasures,!it!is!believed,!are!dependent! upon!good!health,!a!condition!which!is! actively!encouraged!in!Utopia.! The!sick!are!given!every!possible! attention!and!are!provided!with!every! kind!of!medicine!that!could!aid!their! recovery.!But!if!the!disease!is!incurable,! the!patient!is!visited!by!a!priest!or! government!official!who!tries!to! convince!him!or!her!of!the!possible! advantages!of!voluntary!euthanasia.!If! the!patient!agrees!that!life!is!simply!a! torture!chamber!and!that!it!would!be! preferable!to!seek!a!better!world,!he! either!starves!himself!to!death!or!is! given!a!soporific!that!will!kill!him! painlessly.!Euthanasia!is!regarded!as!an! honourable!death,!but!those!who! commit!suicide!for!inadequate!or! frivolous!reasons!are!denied!the!benefit! of!both!cremation!and!burial!and!their! corpses!are!unceremoniously!thrown! into!a!pond.! Marriage!customs!involve!certain! peculiarities,!at!least!from!a!visitor’s! point!of!view.!Girls!cannot!marry!until! they!are!eighteen!and!boys!have!to!wait! two!years!longer.!Anyone,!male!or!fea male,!convicted!of!having!premarital! intercourse!is!punished!and!is! disqualified!from!marriage,!unless!the! sentence!is!remitted!by!the!Mayor.!Their! guardians!are!also!punished,!for! allowing!them!to!transgress!in!this!way.! The!logic!behind!this!is!that!few!people! would!marry!and!spend!their!entire! lives!with!one!person,!with!all!the! problems!that!entails,!if!they!were!not! prevented!from!having!intercourse! outside!marriage.!Before!marriage!is! contracted,!the!groom!and!bride!see! each!other!naked!in!the!presence!of!a! chaperone!in!order!to!avoid!problems! arising!from!physical!dissatisfaction.! Marriage!is!monogamous!and!the!only! causes!for!divorce!are!adultery!or! intolerable!behaviour.!In!cases!of! adultery,!the!innocent!party!may! remarry,!but!the!guilty!partner!is! condemned!to!celibacy!for!life.!In! exceptional!cases,!divorce!is!allowed!on! ! ! 135 ! grounds!of!incompatibility,!when!both! husband!and!wife!have!found!partners! who!seem!likely!to!make!them!happier.! […] The!treatment!of!wouldabe!or!actual! seducers!highlights!one!curious!aspect! of!Utopian!law:!anyone!who!fails!in!an! attempted!crime!is!punished!for!the! crime!nonetheless.!Utopian!lawyers! argue!that!as!it!was!not!the!criminal’s! fault!that!he!did!not!succeed!in! committing!the!crime,!there!is!no!reason! why!he!should!not!be!punished!for!it.! However,!Utopia!has!very!few!laws;!in! fact,!one!of!its!major!criticisms!of!other! countries!is!that!their!penal!codes!are! too!lengthy.!Utopians!argue!that!it!is! quite!unjust!to!have!laws!that!are!too! abstruse!for!an!ordinary!person!to!read! and!understand.!Furthermore,!they! claim!that!each!man!can!plead!his!own! cause!better!than!a!hired!professional.! […]!Much!of!the!life!of!Utopia!is! communal.!Meals,!for!instance,!are! usually!taken!in!communal!dining! rooms,!where!the!women!of!different! households!take!turns!to!prepare!the! food.!Young!and!old!are!seated!in!such!a! way!that!they!always!sit!with!their! contemporaries!while!also!mixing!with!a! different!age!group.!The!theory!is!that! respect!for!the!old!discourages!bad! behaviour!among!the!young,!especially!if! everything!they!do!or!say!is!certain!to!be! ! ! noticed!by!the!people!sitting!next!to! them.![…] The!people!are!kind!and!hospitable,! welcoming!with!open!arms!the!few! travellers!who!reach!their!shores.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir! Thomas!More,!Utopia,!London,!1516! ! ! UTOPIA,%CINEMA%AS!One!of!the!most! important!realizations!that!I!had! through!the!making!of!this!film!was!that! cinema!was,!in!fact,!one!of!our!best! vehicles!for!realizing!utopia.!During!a! conversation!about!his!experience!in!the! Santiago!de!Compostela!pilgrimage,! Tuomo!(he’s!the!Finn!who!tells!the! asshole!story!in!the!film,!also!the!subject! of!our!next!collaboration)!proposed!that! utopia!only!exists!in!the!present,!that!it! can!only!be!realized!in!the!now.!Cinema! is!a!medium!that!is!likewise!always! arriving!(as!the!future)!and!receding!(as! the!past)!simultaneously.!It!is!only!alive! when!we!are!alive!with!it,!when!we! share!our!time!and!allow!our!space!to!be! occupied.!It!can!only!happen!as! experience!in!the!present,!and!its! capacity!to!produce!worlds!unto!itself! positions!cinema!as!a!very!real!site!for! utopia.!For!Thomas!More,!Utopia!was!a! noaplace,!a!construct;!taken!positively,! this!is!cinema!defined. ! ! Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,! Cinema.Scope!56,!2013! ! ! ! VELEZ,%PACHO!is!a!little!bored!by! sober!filmmaking.!He!prefers!its! drunken!side!–!poor!aesthetic!choices,! intemperate!political!stances,!and! staggering!formal!structures.!In!2010,!he! completed!his!MFA!at!CalArts.!He!now! works!and!teaches!between!New!York! and!Boston.!Pacho!is!a!fellow!at!the! Harvard!Film!Study!Center!and!an! affiliate!of!the!Sensory!Ethnography!Lab.! His!new!film,!Manakamana!(coadirected! with!Stephanie!Spray,!produced!by! Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna! Paravel)!premiered!this!summer!and! won!a!Golden!Leopard!at!the!Locarno! Film!Festival.!His!previous!film!and! theater!work!have!been!featured! worldwide. % ! ! VIEWPOINT%Berlin.10/90!attempts!to! overcome!the!problems!raised!by!Our. Nazi!in!two!ways.!The!first!is!an!effort!to! renounce!the!privileges!of!the!creatora asaGod!–!a!denial!of!the!viewpoint!that! looks!down!from!on!high.!In!works!that! make!us!strongly!feel!the!artist’s! viewpoint,!the!controlling!power!in!this! 136 ! ! !! vision!comes!from!filming!the!world!as! it!exists!only!within!the!artist’s!context.! However,!reality!exists!beyond!this! singular!viewpoint.!How!can!this!solid! reality!be!allowed!to!take!root?!Kramer! places!himself!as!physicalaexistenceaina theaworld!inside!his!video!as!subject,! and!conducts!experiments!that!confront! history!and!society!with!this!external! self!–!thereby!creating!contradictions! within!his!internal!self.!The!camera!he! trains!on!himself!is!sometimes!operated! by!remote!control,!at!other!times!by! hand.!The!external!and!the!internal!are! not!merely!in!conflict!with!each!other!–! egoaconsciousness!has!countless! intersections!with!the!external,!and!the! world!existing!in!front!of!the!ego!is!just!a! single!point!in!the!line!of!time. In!order!to!dynamise!the!structure!of!the! video,!Kramer!sets!up!a!television!in!the! bathroom,!screening!images!he!had! previously!shot!and!edited!of!Berlin!in! 1990.!The!camera!swings!between!the! video!images!on!the!TV!screen!and! Kramer!sitting!on!a!chair!in!the! bathroom,!speaking!into!the!camera.!It! % 137 ! becomes!clear!by!the!end!that!the! bathroom!is!a!metaphor!for!the! concentration!camp!showers,!and!that! his!shaved!head!is!a!metaphor!for!neoa Nazism. ! ! Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard! Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer. (Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997! ! ! VIH%(ORIGEM%DO%VÍRUS%DA%SIDA)% Desde!a!descoberta!do!VIH!no!início!dos! anos!80,!a!sua!origem!tem!sido!objecto! de!debates!e!discussões!intensas,!muitas! vezes!contaminadas!por!posições! ideológicas!e!interesses!específicos.!O! VIH!pertence!ao!grupo!dos!retrovírus!e!é! um!lentivírus,!e!como!todos!os!vírus! deste!grupo,!ataca!o!sistema! imunológico. Lentivírus!significa!literalmente!“vírus! lento”!porque!leva!um!período!longo!até! que!os!seus!efeitos!sejam!visíveis!no! corpo.!São!comuns!em!vários!animais! que!compartem!o!ambiente!com!o! homem,!como!gatos,!ovelhas,!cavalos!e! gado.!Contudo,!o!lentivírus!que! despertou!a!atenção!nessa!investigação! foi!o!VIS!(vou!referialo!como!Simian! Immunodeficiency!Virus,!SIV)!que!afecta! os!símios. Após!10!anos!de!investigação,!em! Fevereiro!de!2009,!um!grupo!de! investigadores!da!Universidade!do! Alabama!anuncia!ter!descoberto!uma! variante!do!SIV!que!era!quase!idêntica! ao!HIVa1.!Afirma!que!o!VIH!provém!de! chimpanzés!e!que!em!algum!momento! atravessou!a!barreira!entre!espécies.! Dois!anos!mais!tarde!publicam!um!novo! estudo!na!revista!Nature!onde!afirmam! que!chimpanzés!selvagens! contaminados!com!duas!variantes! distintas!do!SIV!se!tinham!recombinado! por!“sexo!viral”,!dando!origem!a!um! terceiro!vírus!capaz!de!contaminar! humanos,!um!processo!comum!na! transmissão!entre!espécies. Questões!sobre!o!momento!em!que! aconteceu!essa!transmissão!(ou! zoonose)!e!o!que!terá!levado!à!expansão! do!VIH!têm!dado!origem!a!teorias! diferentes!e!em!alguns!casos! contraditórias; % ! ! ! a)!Teoria!do!“caçador”:!o!SIVcpz!teria! sido!transferido!como!resultado!da!caça! e!consumo!de!chimpanzés!por!humanos,! ou!pelo!contacto!do!seu!sangue!com! cortes!ou!feridas. b)!Teoria!da!(OPV)!vacina!polio!oral:!o! jornalista!e!investigador!Edward!Hooper! publicou!em!1999!The.River,!um!extenso! livro!onde!sugeria!que!o!HIV!podia!ser! associado!a!uma!vacina!contra!a! poliomielite!que!teria!sido!dada!a!cerca! de!um!milhão!de!pessoas!em!vários! países!africanos!(Congo!Belga,!Ruanda,! Urundi),!fabricada!a!partir!de!células!de! chimpanzés!locais!portadores!de!SIV. c)!Teoria!da!“agulha!contaminada”:!nos! anos!50,!as!seringas!descartáveis!não! eram!usadas.!Em!países!pobres!era! comum!a!utilização!da!mesma!seringa! para!administração!de!vacinas!ou! drogas!a!diferentes!pessoas,!e!essa! prática!teria!levado!à!transmissão!de!um! caçador!infectado!a!grupos!de! populações. d)!Teoria!do!colonialismo:!esta!teoria! baseiaase!também!na!ideia!de!uma! transmissão!através!da!caça!e/ou! consumo!de!carne!de!símios,!mas! defende!que!no!final!do!século!XIX!ou! início!do!século!XX,!na!região!da!África! equatorial!francesa!e!do!Congo!Belga,!o! domínio!colonial!era!particularmente! violento!e!muitos!africanos!eram! forçados!a!integrar!campos!de!trabalho! com!condições!sanitárias!e!alimentares! degradadas,!o!ambiente!ideal!para!a! propagação!do!VIH!a!partir!de!alguém! infectado. A!teoria!da!vacina!polio!oral!foi! encarada!com!desconfiança!e! indisponibilidade!pela!indústria! farmacêutica,!o!que!levantou!dúvidas!a! cientistas!de!várias!áreas.!O!mais! proeminente!foi!William!D.!Hamilton,! um!conceituado!evolucionista!e!um!dos! pilares!da!sociobiologia,!que!2000,!deixa! Oxford!na!companhia!de!um!jovem! biólogo!evolucionista!(Michael! Worobey).!Partem!para!uma!expedição! arriscada!a!Kisangani!(perto!do!rio! Congo),!onde!o!laboratório!belga!que! produzia!as!vacinas!mantivera!os! chimpanzés!em!cativeiro. ! ! ! ! ! Cinquenta!anos!mais!tarde,!a!área!tinha! sido!invadida!pela!selva,!e!efectuar! recolhas!de!dejectos!de!chimpanzés! selvagens!para!poder!isolar!partículas! de!vírus!revelouase!um!pesadelo.!Essa! aventura!no!meio!da!guerra!civil!na! República!Democrática!do!Congo!teve! um!final!inesperado;!Worobey!feriuase! numa!mão!e!a!ferida!rapidamente! infectou.!Hamilton!foi!afectado!pela! malária.!Ambos!tiveram!que!ser! evacuados!de!urgência.!Após!semanas! de!sofrimento,!sempre!acompanhado! por!Worobey,!Hamilton!sucumbiu!a!uma! febre!hemorrágica!intestinal. Worobey!só!veio!a!encontrar!traços!de! SIV!em!duas!amostras!de!urina!de! chimpanzés,!insuficientes!para! confirmar!a!hipótese!de!Hamilton.! Frustrado!pelos!resultados,!regressa!em! 2003!e!consegue!isolar!100!amostras! com!variantes!de!SIV!que!lhe!permitem! verificar!se!o!VIH!é!resultante!de!SIV!de! chimpanzés!descendentes!dos! exemplares!mantidos!em!cativeiro!no! laboratório!belga. Depois!de!completar!o!trabalho!de! laboratório,!consegue!estabelecer!uma! árvore!genética!das!várias!amostras!de! vírus!da!região!de!Kisingani.!São! suficientemente!afastadas!entre!si!e!do! VIH!para!que!a!transmissão!ao!homem! tenha!ocorrido!no!período!de!tempo!em! que!as!vacinas!foram!administradas.!A! transmissão!terá!sido!anterior. A!equipa!da!Universidade!do!Alabama! concentraase!na!investigação!do!HIVa1! grupo!M!(responsável!pela!maioria!das! mortes!em!todo!o!mundo).!Organiza! uma!rede!alargada!de!recolha!de! amostras!de!chimpanzés!no!sul!dos! Camarões!e!finalmente!encontra!perto! do!rio!Sangha!(afluente!do!rio!Congo,! descoberto!para!os!europeus!por!Diogo! Cão!em!1483),!versões!do!SIV!quase! indistinguíveis!do!HIVa1.!A!transmissão! inicial!terá!ocorrido!aí.!O!rio!é!de!difícil! navegação,!mas!comunidades!próximas! descem!através!do!rio!Congo!até! Kinshasa,!a!cidade!mais!próxima!com! dimensão!e!densidade!suficiente!para! originar!uma!epidemia,!a!um!passo!das! províncias!do!Uíge,!Zaire!e!Cabinda!em! Angola. ! ! ! ! 138 ! ! !! ! ! ! Worobey,!intrigado!por!esta!descoberta,! procura!amostras!de!biopsias!efectuadas! no!Congo!Belga!no!final!dos!anos!50.! Depois!de!muitas!tentativas!e!emails,!a! Universidade!do!Kinshasa!envia!para!o! seu!laboratório!no!Amazona!biopsias! conservadas!em!parafina.!Worobey! encontra!amostras!de!tecidos!linfáticos! com!VIH.!O!trabalho!de!“multiplicação”! das!partículas!demora!vários!meses.! Finalmente,!comparaaas!com!uma! amostra!de!sangue!com!HIV!recolhida! num!marinheiro!proveniente!do! Kinshasa!em!1959.!Tinha!estado! congelada!nos!EUA!desde!então!e!fora! redescoberta!recentemente. Analisando!as!mutações!dos!vírus!e!os! seus!“relógios!genéticos”,!Worobey! consegue!estabelecer!com!precisão!a! janela!de!tempo!em!que!a!transmissão! ocorreu;!entre!1884!e!1924.!Estudos! posteriores!estreitam!a!janela!no!final! do!século!XIX,!pouco!tempo!depois!da! fundação!de!Kinshasa,!em!1881.!No!seu! artigo!publicado!na!revista!Nature!em! Outubro!de!2008!estabelece!a!ligação! entre!o!início!da!infecção!e!a!presença! dos!primeiros!aglomerados!urbanos!e! centros!administrativos!e!comerciais! coloniais.!Kinshasa!permitiu!à!região! tornarase!o!epicentro!da!pandemia!de! HIV!e!sida. O!VIH!da!região!do!Sangha!desceu!pelo! rio!Congo!até!Kinshasa,!que!se!tornou! rapidamente!a!maior!cidade!interior!da! África!subasaariana,!e!desse!epicentro! expandiuase!para!todo!o!globo!em!rotas! que!hoje!são!conhecidas. Coincidências? Durante!as!noites!de!insónia!que! acompanharam!o!ano!de!tratamentos! experimentais,!pensei!várias!vezes!no! nictógrafo,!uma!invenção!de!Lewis! Carrol!que!lhe!permitia,!com!um!sistema! de!pontos!e!linhas,!tomar!notas!e! registar!ideias!durante!a!noite,!na! completa!escuridão. W.!D.!Hamilton!foi!um!dos!primeiros! defensores!da!hipótese!da!Rainha! Vermelha,!inspirada!na!personagem!do! Alice.do.Outro.Lado.do.Espelho,!que! defende!a!origem!do!sexo!como!uma! forma!de!recombinação!de!genes!que! permite!a!defesa!contra!parasitas.!Esta! ! ! ! ! ! 139 ! hipótese!foi!proposta!por!Leigh!Van! Valen!(1935!–!2010),!outro!biólogo! evolucionista!com!uma!obra!fascinante.! A!sua!hipótese!foi!confirmada! experimentalmente!pela!primeira!vez! por!cientistas!da!Universidade!de! Liverpool!no!ano!da!sua!morte. ! ! Joaquim!Pinto,!2013! ! ! VILLINGS,!an!island!in!the!Pacific! Ocean,!sometimes!incorrectly!believed! to!be!part!of!the!Ellis!or!Tuvalu! Archipelago.!It!is!probably!not!far!from! the!port!of!Rabaul,!New!Britain,!from! where!the!first!chronicler!of!the!island! departed!on!his!travels.!Persecuted!for!a! crime!he!believed!he!had!not!committed,! the!chronicler!first!heard!about!Villings! from!an!Italian!merchant!in!Calcutta.!Aca cording!to!the!merchant’s!information,! Villings!was!the!centre!of!a!mysterious! illness!that!killed!by!acting!from!the!skin! inwards,!causing!the!hair!and!nails!of! the!victim!to!fall!out,!then!the!skin,!the! cornea,!until!finally!the!whole!body! collapsed!eight!to!fifteen!days!later.!In! spite!of!this!warning,!the!chronicler! resolved!to!escape,!and!reached!the!isa land!in!the!early!1940’s.! Villings!had!been!inhabited!in!1924!by!a! few!whites!who!had!built!a!museum! here,!a!chapel!and!a!swimming!pool,!all! of!which!were!then!abandoned.!When! the!fugitive!reached!Villings!he!was! surprised!by!these!ruins!and!by!the! vegetation:!only!young!saplings!seemed! to!be!healthy;!the!rest!of!the!trees!were! almost!dead.! Exploring!the!ruins,!the!fugitive!found! that!the!swimming!pool!was!full!of! vipers,!frogs!and!water!insects,!and!that! the!museum!–!a!threestorey!building! with!a!cylindrical!tower!–!comprised! fifteen!rooms!decorated!with!many! paintings!among!which!were!a!few! Picassos.!One!of!the!rooms!housed!a! deficient!library,!containing!novels,! books!of!poetry!and!plays,!and!only!one! scientific!treatise,!Bellidor’s!Travaux,.Le. Moulin.Perse,!1737.!The!dining!room,! some!sixty!metres!by!twelve,!was! surrounded!by!four!seated!statues!of! Indian!or!Egyptian!gods,!three!times!the! size!of!a!man.! ! ! ! 140 ! ! !! Suddenly,!without!seeing!any!ship,!plane! or!dirigible!reach!the!island,!the!fugitive! noticed!a!great!number!of!people! dancing,!walking!or!swimming!in!the! fetid!pool!with!as!much!comfort!as! summer!tourists!in!Marienbad.!An! excessive!gramophone!overpowered!the! sound!of!the!wind!and!the!sea!with! Valencia!and!Tea.for.Two.!For!several! days!and!nights,!the!fugitive!watched!the! company,!falling!in!love!with!a!certain! Faustine!and!always!ignored!by!her.!At! last!he!learnt!the!truth.! The!island!had!been!bought!by!a! scientist!and!man!of!the!world,!a!certain! Morel,!who!chose!Villings!as!the!stage! for!one!of!his!exciting!experiments!in!the! exact!imitation!of!life.!Morel!had!built!a! mechanism!that!could!reproduce!in! three!dimensions!objects,!plants,!people,! creating!a!double!of!reality,!faithful!to! the!original!even!in!touch!and!smell.!In! this!way!Morel!could!keep!forever!the! image!of!his!friends!repeating!their! actions!and!preserving!their!youth.! However,!the!rays!necessary!to!register! a!copy!of!the!original!living!persons! proved!deadly!to!the!subjects;!this!was! the!cause!of!the!island’s!mysterious! epidemic.!The!chronicler,!having!by! mistake!touched!one!of!the!rays,! presumably!died!after!completing!his! account!of!Villings.!It!is!not!known! whether!the!spectacle!still!takes!place!or! whether!it!is!dangerous!nowadays!for! travellers!to!visit!the!island.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Adolfo! Bioy!Casares,!La.invención.de.Morel,!Buenos! Aires,!1941! ! ! VISUAL%BOND%The!poor!image!thus! constructs!anonymous!global!networks! just!as!it!creates!a!shared!history.!It! builds!alliances!as!it!travels,!provokes! translation!or!mistranslation,!and! creates!new!publics!and!debates.!By! losing!its!visual!substance!it!recovers! some!of!its!political!punch!and!creates!a! new!aura!around!it.!This!aura!is!no! longer!based!on!the!permanence!of!the! “original,”!but!on!the!transience!of!the! copy.![…]The!circulation!of!poor!images! thus!creates!“visual!bonds,”!as!Dziga! Vertov!once!called!them.!This!“visual! bond”!was,!according!to!Vertov,! supposed!to!link!the!workers!of!the! world!with!each!other.!He!imagined!a! sort!of!communist,!visual,!Adamic! language!that!could!not!only!inform!or! entertain,!but!also!organize!its!viewers.! In!a!sense,!his!dream!has!come!true,!if! mostly!under!the!rule!of!a!global! information!capitalism!whose!audiences! are!linked!almost!in!a!physical!sense!by! mutual!excitement,!affective! attunement,!and!anxiety.![…]%The!poor! image!is!no!longer!about!the!real! thing—the!originary!original.!Instead,!it! is!about!its!own!real!conditions!of! existence:!about!swarm!circulation,! digital!dispersion,!fractured!and!flexible! temporalities.!It!is!about!defiance!and! appropriation!just!as!it!is!about! conformism!and!exploitation. In!short:!it!is!about!reality. % ! ! Hito!Steyerl,!In.Defense.of.the.Poor.Image,!2011! ! ! VITESSE%Chez!Nicolas!Rey,!la!base!du! montage!est!formée!par!une!série!de! photogrammes!limitée,!et!repose!parfois! même!sur!le!photogramme!isolé.!Selon! le!mode!d'enregistrement,!c'estaàadire! selon!le!degré!de!réduction!de!la!vitesse! du!défilement!du!film!dans!la!caméra,!il! peut!s'agir!seulement!de!quelques! photogrammes,!ou!d'un!plan!assez! court,!qui!sera!ensuite!étiré,!remodulé!et! adapté!au!rythme!des!24!images.!Une! suspension,!une!accentuation!de! quelques!moments!choisis!tiendra! ensuite!au!fait!que!ces!plans,!à!la!fois! accélerés!(par!les!ellipses!à! l'enregistrement)!et!ralentis!(par!la! multiplication!photogrammatique!au! tirage),!sont!toujours!isolés!par!de!longs! passages!au!noir.!Parfois,!grâce!au! montage!effectué!à!la!prise!de!vue,!ils! forment!de!petites!unités!condensées,! qui!peuvent!être!reprises!au!cours!du! film!;!mais!toujours!les!distinguent!la! fragilité!de!leur!apparence,!leur! discontinuité!marquée.!Par!leur! fugitivité!insistante,!ces!plans!se!situent! d'emblée!du!côté!du!souvenir.!Par!leur! engloutissement!récurrent!dans!du!noir,! ils!se!présentent!comme!des!éclats! visuels,!venus!au!secours!d'une!voix! toujours!au!présent,!qui!essaye!de! ! ! ! s'approcher!et!de!témoigner!d'un!monde! traversé!par!le!poids!du!passé.!Si!cette! parole!est!parfois!hâtive,!parfois! hésitante,!c'est!aussi!qu'elle!réagit!à! quelque!chose!que!nous!ne!pouvons! voir,!mais!qu'elle!tente!de!nous!faire! imaginer.!Ce!qu'en!revanche!nous! voyons,!ce!sera!souvent!quelque!chose! qui!n'est!pas!décrit!ou!nommé!par!la! voix,!quelque!chose!qui!nous!parle! autrement.!Les!plans!nous!parlent!par! leurs!variations!de!grandeur!et!de! vitesse,!grâce!à!un!éventail!de!formes! plastiques,!qui!s'étend!de!détails!fixes!et! saccadés!(ainsi,!un!mur!pâle!et!délabré),! aux!défigurations!striées!de!vues!prises! en!mouvement!(ainsi,!des!plans!bougés! sur!une!piste!sibérienne). ! ! Christa!Blümlinger,!“!L’electricité,!moins!les! soviets!”,!Images.de.la.culture,!2003! ! ! VIZINHANÇA!A!atitude!radical!do! ilhéu!é!chegar!à!porta!da!casa!e! interrogar!o!mar. ! ! Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956! ! ! VLADIMIRO,%JOÃO!Licenciatura!em! Design!Gráfico!na!Faculdade!de!Belas! Artes!da!Universidade!do!Porto.!De!1999! a!2012!integra!a!companhia!Circolando! e!com!eles!corre!3!continentes!com!os! espectáculos!Caixa.Insólita,!Giroflé,! Cavaterra,!Charanga,!Quarto.Interior!e! Mansarda.!Em!2006!realiza!Pé.na.Terra,! com!o!qual!recebe!o!prémio!de!melhor! realizador!português!de!curtaametragem! no!3º!Indie!Lisboa.!Em!2007!realiza!o! documentário!Jardim.!Estreia!no!Doc! Lisboa!2008!e!passa!por!Festivais! internacionais!como!FID!Marseille!e!Mar! de!Plata!(Argentina).!Em!2008!dá!uma! formação!intensiva!de!um!mês!na!área! do!documentário!na!ilha!de!S.!Miguel! juntamente!com!Frederico!Lobo!e!Tiago! Hespanha.!Com!a!coreógrafa!Madalena! Victorino,!colabora!como! criador/intérprete!nos!espectáculos! Vale!e!Flecha.!Em!2013!acaba!a!sua! segunda!longa!metragem,!Lacrau,! estreada!no!10º!Indie!Lisboa!e!com!a! qual!ganha!os!prémios!de!Melhor!Longa! Metragem!Portuguesa!e!Árvore!da!Vida,! passando!depois!por!vários!festivais! internacionais.!Está!de!momento!em! 141 ! montagem!do!documentário!sobre!a! criação!do!espectáculo!A.Lã.e.a.Neve,!da! coreógrafa!Madalena!Victorino. ! ! ! VULCÃO%É!o!eu!de!baixo!que!sobe!à! superfície.!É!a!crosta!exterior!que!estala,! cedendo!a!um!irresistível!impulso.! Operavaase,!pois,!nas!profundezas!deste! eu,!e!sob!estes!argumentos!muito! razoavelmente!justapostos,!uma! efervescência!e,!por!isso!mesmo,!uma! tensão!crescente!de!sentimentos!e!de! ideias,!não!inconscientes,!sem!dúvida,! mas!que!não!queríamos!advertir. ! ! Henri!Bergson,!Ensaio.sobre.os.dados.imediatos. da.consciência,!1888! ! ! ! WAVE%The!sea!is!barely!wrinkled,!and! little!waves!strike!the!sandy!shore.!Mr.! Palomar!is!standing!on!the!shore,! looking!at!a!wave.!Not!that!he!is!lost!in! contemplation!of!the!waves.!He!is!not! lost,!because!he!is!quite!aware!of!what! he!is!doing:!he!wants!to!look!at!a!wave! and!he!is!looking!at!it.!He!is!not! contemplating,!because!for! contemplation!you!need!the!right! temperament,!the!right!mood,!and!the! right!combination!of!exterior! circumstances;!and!though!Mr.!Palomar! has!nothing!against!contemplation!in! principle,!none!of!these!three!conditions! applies!to!him.!Finally,!it!is!not!“the! waves”!that!he!means!to!look!at,!but!just! one!individual!wave:!in!his!desire!to! avoid!vague!sensations,!he!establishes! for!his!every!action!a!limited!and!precise! object.![…]!These!aspects!vary! constantly,!so!each!wave!is!different! from!another!wave,!even!if!not! immediately!adjacent!or!successive;!in! other!words,!there!are!some!forms!and! sequences!that!are!repeated,!though! irregularly!distributed!in!space!and! 142 ! ! !! time.!Since!what!Mr.!Palomar!means!to! do!at!this!moment!is!simply!see!a!wave!– that!is,!to!perceive!all!its!simultaneous! components!without!overlooking!any!of! themaahis!gaze!will!dwell!on!the! movement!of!the!wave!that!strikes!the! shore!until!it!can!record!aspects!not! previously!perceived;!as!soon!as!he! notices!that!the!images!are!being! repeated,!he!will!know!he!has!seen! everything!he!wanted!to!see!and!he!will! be!able!to!stop. In!any!case,!Mr.!Palomar! does!not!lose!heart!and!at!each!moment! he!thinks!he!has!managed!to!see! everything!to!be!seen!from!his! observation!point,!but!then!something! always!crops!up!that!he!had!not!borne!in! mind.!If!it!were!not!for!his!impatience!to! reach!a!complete,!definitive!conclusion! of!his!visual!operation,!looking!at!waves! would!be!a!very!restful!exercise!for!him! and!could!save!him!from!neurasthenia,! heart!attack,!and!gastric!ulcer.!And!it! could!perhaps!be!the!key!to!mastering! the!world's!complexity!by!reducing!it!to! its!simplest!mechanism. ! ! ! Italo!Calvino,!Palomar,!1983! ! 143 ! WE%SHALL!We!shall!go!on!to!the!end.! We!shall!fight!in!France,!we!shall!fight! on!the!seas!and!oceans,!we!shall!fight! with!growing!confidence!and!growing! strength!in!the!air,!we!shall!defend!our! island,!whatever!the!cost!may!be.!We! shall!fight!on!the!beaches,!we!shall!fight! on!the!landing!grounds,!we!shall!fight!in! the!fields!and!in!the!streets,!we!shall! fight!in!the!hills;!we!shall!never! surrender. ! ! Winston!Churchill,!4!June!1940! ! ! WEIGHT%Now!many!seasons!of! abundance!have!filled!the!granaries.!The! rivers!in!flood!have!borne!forests!of! beams!to!support!the!bronze!roofs!of! temples!and!palaces.!Caravans!of!slaves! have!shifted!mountains!of!serpentine! marble!across!the!continent.!The!Great! Khan!contemplates!an!empire!covered! with!cities!that!weigh!upon!the!earth! and!upon!mankind,!crammed!with! wealth!and!traffic,!overladen!with! ornaments!and!offices,!complicated!with! mechanisms!and!hierarchies,!swollen,! tense,!ponderous. The!empire!is!being!crushed!by!its!own! weight'!Kublai!thinks,!and!in!his!dreams! now!cities!light!as!kites!appear,!pierced! cities!like!laces,!cities!transparent!as! mosquito!netting,!cities!like!leaves'! veins,!cities!lined!like!a!hand's!palm,! filigree!cities!to!be!seen!through!their! opaque!and!fictitious thickness. % ! ! ! ! ! WESTERN!To!say!that!the!subject!of! The.Forgotten.Space!is!the!global! transformation!of!labor!caused!by! container!cargo!shipping!is!like!saying! that!Wagon.Master!is!a!Western. ! ! Olaf!Möller,!Film.Comment.NovaDec!2010! ! ! WHITE%MAN’S%ISLAND,!an!island! located!at!an!unspecified!point!in!the! Irish!Sea,!where!the!ancient!Druids!live.! Whenever!sailors!try!to!approach!it,!the! island!disappears.!Only!one!man!has! ever!been!able!to!land,!having!sailed! there!on!a!small!piece!of!rock!taken!from! a!cemetery.!However,!he!never!came! ! !! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Hersart! de!Villemarque,!Romans.de.anciens.Bretons,! Paris,!n/!d!! ! ! WHOLE%AND%PART%What!I!find!so! maddening!is!the!kind!of!historical! documentary!shown!on!television.! Those!documentaries!are!so!neatly! packaged!that!they!give!the!impression! of!being!comprehensive.!I!feel!that!it!is! my!obligation!is!to!remind!viewers!that! they’re!only!seeing!a!tiny!part!of!the! story.!Again,!it!doesn’t!mean!you!can’t! learn!anything!from!documentary,!but! the!danger!lies!in!creating!a!totalizing! account.!This!is!illustrated!so!eloquently! in!Claude!Lanzmann’s!Shoah.!The!film!is! nine!hours!long!and!after!that!nine! hours!you’re!left!thinking!–!right,!and! this!could!be!another!nine!hours!and! another!nine!hours.!The!film!is!very! specific!in!what!it!covers!and!makes!no! claim!to!cover!everything.!In!that!way,!it! approaches!not!only!the!magnitude!and! complexity!of!the!Holocaust,!but!the! magnitude!and!complexity!of!history. And!certainly,!the!history!of!the!Vietnam! War!demands!so!much!more!than!any! single!film!could!say.!Partly!why!I!work! so!slowly!is!my!unwillingness!to!simplify! the!relationships!between!things,!even! as!a!lay!researcher. build!up!the!future!continent,!of!golden! and!silver!sands!and!the!ruins!of!forests,! with!antalike!industry! ! ! Henry!David!Thoreau,!A.Week.on.the.Concord. and.Merrimack.Rivers,!1849! ! ! WRIST!A!bald!man!with!thick! eyebrows!sits!in!front!of!the!camera.!He! is!wearing!a!greenish!tank!top!and! looking!straight!at!us.!With!one!hand!he! holds!his!other!wrist;!there!is!a!ring!on! his!finger.!The!white!tiles!covering!the! wall!behind!him!might!indicate!this!is!a! bathroom,!the!water!dripping!offascreen! in!the!halfafull!tub.! ! ! ! ! ! % ! ! Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes! “The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema. And.Photography,!2008! ! ! Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972! 144 ! back!to!tell!of!his!experience,!so!nothing! more!is!known!about!this!island.! WOMB!An!island!always!pleases!my! imagination,!even!the!smallest,!as!a! small!continent!and!integral!portion!of! the!globe.!I!have!a!fancy!for!building!my! hut!on!one.!Even!a!bare,!grassy!isle,! which!I!can!see!entirely!over!at!a!glance,! has!some!undefined!and!mysterious! charm!for!me.!There!is!commonly!such!a! one!at!the!junction!of!two!rivers,!whose! currents!bring!down!and!deposit!their! respective!sands!in!the!eddy!at!their! confluence,!as!it!were!the!womb!of!a! continent.!By!what!a!delicate!and!fara fetched!contribution!every!island!is! made!!What!an!enterprise!of!Nature! thus!to!lay!the!foundations!of!and!to! ! ! ! 145 ! ! XIROS,!an!island!in!the!Aegean!Sea,! which!can!be!reached!by!a!special!boat! from!Rynos,!or!by!the!ferry!that!calls! here!once!every!five!days!to!leave! provisions!and!to!collect!the!fishermen’s! catch.!The!people!are!Greek!and!their! main!occupation!is!the!catching!of! octopuses.! From!a!distance,!especially!at!midday,! Xiros!looks!remarkably!like!a!turtle!with! its!legs!in!the!air.!The!south!coast!is! uninhabitable,!but!towards!the!west!is!a! Lydian!or!GrecoaMycenaean!colony.! Visitors!should!note!the!two!stone! pillars!supporting!the!pier,!decorated! with!hieroglyphics!and!discovered!by!a! certain!Professor!Goldmann.! The!main!characteristic!of!the!island!is! that!once!seen,!even!from!afar,!it!cannot! be!forgotten.!Its!image!will!haunt!the! traveller!throughout!his!life,!he!will!pine! for!its!white!sand!and!scorching!sun,!and! % ! 146 ! when!at!last!he!sets!his!feet!on!Xiros,!he! will!enjoy!the!utter!bliss!of!having! reached!a!muchalongedafor!haven.! However,!this!joy!will!be!shortalived,! and!after!a!few!hours!of!peaceful!exula tation!death!will!overtake!him.! This!odd,!haunting!characteristic!of! Xiros!is!also!found!in!an!object!called! zahir,!which!can!appear!under!one!of! several!forms:!a!twentyacent!Argentine! coin,!a!tiger,!a!blind!man,!an!astrolabe,!a! small!compass,!a!vein!in!one!of!the! twelve!hundred!marble!pillars!of!the! Mosque!of!Cordova,!the!bottom!of!a!well! in!Tetuan.!Any!of!these!things,!once! seen,!cannot!be!torn!from!one’s! memory.! ! ! ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jorge!Luis! Borges,!“EI!Zahir,”!in!El.Aleph,!Buenos!Aires,! 1949;!Julio!Cortazar,!“La!isla!a!mediodia,”!in! Todos.los.fuegos.el.fuego,!Madrid,!1976! ! ! ! YOUKALI,!an!island!almost!at!the!end! of!the!world.!Its!only!inhabitant!is!a!fairy! whose!mission!is!to!welcome!desolate! travellers.!Any!lost!soul!arriving!at! Youkali!is!invited!to!tour!the!island,! which!will!assume!the!shape!of!that! soul’s!keenest!desires!and!most!longeda for!delights.!Youkali!has!been!described! as!the!End!of!All!Sorrow,!the!Land!of! Exchanged!Vows!and!Reciprocated!Love,! the!Hope!That!Lies!at!the!Core!of!Every! Human!Heart.!Certain!travellers!report! that!there!is!no!such!place!and!that! Youkali!is!nothing!but!a!desperate! daydream;!such!reports!are!not,! however,!conclusive. % ! Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Kurt! Weill!&!Roger!Fernay,!“Youkali:!Tango!Haa banera,”!New!York,!1935! ! ! YOYO!Thirty!years!after!its!debut,! Tahimik's!first!film!reascreened!during! the!1st!Bagong!Agos!Film!Festival,! alongside!its!many!descendants!in! cause.!I!can!only!imagine!the!reactions! of!its!viewers!when!it!was!released!–!the! film!looks!brazenly!cheap,!Tahimik's! editing!felt!more!mundane!than!artful.!It! looked!like!a!stitchedatogether!home! video;!which!is!probably!the!reason!why! most!foreign!critics!consider!it!as!semia autobiographical!(Tahimik!was!quick!to! respond!that!he!was!never!a!jeepney! driver).!In!Tahimik's!amateurish! methods,!we!sense!a!delightful! familiarity,!or!a!very!welcoming!attitude! that!seemingly!invites!us!to!explore!his! world!–!a!world!which!I!thought!mixed! real!conventions!of!history!and! geography!with!Tahimik's!unique! imaginative!sense.! Midway!through!the!feature,!the!sound! started!deteriorating!and!Tahimik,! whose!improvisation!is!probably!his! greatest!cinematic!talent,!danced!his! way!to!the!front!of!the!theater!wearing! only!a!bahag.(native!gastring).!He!finally! gave!up!on!modern!technology!(the! same!way!his!alter!ego!in!Mababangong. Bangungot!did)!and!told!his!story!the! only!possible!way!he!could!think!of,! without!the!help!of!modern!technology.!I! was!too!enchanted!with!the!imagery!of! jeepneys!being!constructed,!of!little!boys! 147 ! getting!circumsized,!of!his!tattooed!pal! saying!farewell,!to!make!out!any!of!what! Tahimik!was!doing!–!it!looked!like!he! was!improvising!the!Filipino's!first!trip! to!the!moon.!I!thought!that!moment!was! quite!an!intimate!surprise!–!the!present! Tahimik!is!as!lively,!youthful,!and! imaginative!as!the!Tahimik!thirty!years! ago!in!his!debut!feature;!and!he!is!still! insanely!in!love!with!his!culture;!telling! everyone!that!the!yoyo!is!a!Filipino! invention,!that!the!moon!buggy!is!a! Filipino!invention,!that!the!highatech! digital!projectors!imported!from!abroad! can't!equal!the!power!of!basic! storytelling.!After!a!few!minutes!of! Tahimik's!act,!the!sound!was!finally! restored. ! ! Oggs!Cruz,!“Mababangong!Bangungot”% oggsmoggs.blogspot.pt,!2007! ! ! ! ZENITH%Rappelons!que!le!divin! corsaire!écrivait!quelque!part!:!”!La! vérité!n'est!pas!dans!un!seul!rêve,!mais! dans!beaucoup!de!rêves!”.!Une!antienne! en!forme!de!manifeste,!et!que!cette! édition!2013!a!réactivée!avec!une! certaine!mæstria.!On!ne!sait!plus!très! bien!s'il!s'agissait!de!lutter!contre!les! cauchemars!ou!de!céder!aux!délices!du! rêve,!mais!nombreuses!furent!les! expériences!sensibles!qui!fabriquaient! un!abandon,!une!brèche!féconde!vers! des!“!ailleurs!“!:!une!vraie!expérience!de! spectateur.!On!pense!ainsi!à!Lacrau,!du! Portugais!João!Vladimiro!(auteur! de!Jardim,!en!2006),!en!compétition! internationale.!La!première!moitié!du! film!consiste!en!une!exploration!quasi! documentaire!d'une!région!agricole!du! Nord!du!Portugal.!Le!réalisateur!évoque! “!un!voyage!de!la!ville!vers!la!nature!”!et! il!s'agit!en!effet!de!s'éplucher!le!regard,! urbain!et!saturé!de!signes,!pour!mieux! coller!à!la!terre,!aux!paysages,!mais!aussi! aux!pratiques!paysannes.!Le!film! commence!façon!ethno!mais!assez!vite,! le!travail!musical!qui!l'accompagne!et!les! 148 ! ! !! phrases!doucement!mystiques!de!Stig! Dagerman!qui!scandent!le!voyage,! mettent!la!puce!à!l'oreille!sur!la!vraie! nature!du!film.!Il!s'agit!en!réalité!d'un! voyage!mental,!qui!creuse!auadelà!du! paysage,!notre!capacité!d'émotion!face!à! la!nature,!ici!présentée!sans!artifice,! sans!nostalgie.!Un!paysage!est!façonné! par!des!Hommes,!et!Lacrau.s'inscrit! dans!cette!réalité!bien!tangible,!en! faisant!le!pari!de!l'unité!à!retrouver.!À!la! recherche!du!sensualisme,!et!d'une! conversation!rénovée!avec!la!nature,!le! film!se!déploie!dans!sa!seconde!partie! comme!un!magnifique!tableau!vivant.!La! musique!(entre!baroque,! expérimentations!électroniques!et!rock! sourd)!s’élève!et!nous!avec,!jusqu'à!ce! plan!final,!extraordinaire!:!un! tournoiement!d'oiseaux,!de!nuit,!comme! emportés!par!une!psalmodie!de! Meredith!Monk.!Ce!film!se!vit!sur!la! durée,!qu’il!faut!accepter!sauf!à!être! condamné!à!l’égarement. ! ! Arthur!Logibar,!“!FID!Marseille!2013:!la!fabrique! du!regard!”,!www.gaitealyrique.net,!2013! ! % 149 ! 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"#$%&!'()*+#,!-./0! !"#$"%#&'()*"+,"-."/)01) ) ) 02345)&-) ! "#$#$#%&'%&!$#%&(%&')! 123456,3+!7(*89,:43;! 67#8&,)9&:7-7;) ) ) 0<==)>)?:787+7$"%)>)<@A)>)0B--)>)CD8D/)>) E$F87%:)G)9&F&8DF) ) "<=>?@<A7B!C?=<2@B!CAD7"B!>"<@<7EB! 2=A"D?@<A7!67#8&,)9&:7-7;) ?<7>FG@AE=G2HI!67#8&,)9&:7-7;()H&/,-I,) J"/K:) ) ) Kidlat Tahimik is a young man living in a small Filipino village. As the film opens, we see him in three stages of life (symbolized by toy and then real "jeepneys," the elaborately recrafted and decorated vehicles that have their origins in the Jeeps left by the Allies in World War II) crossing the bridge – “the bridge of life” - to his village. Narrating in voiceover, Tahimik explains the patterns of daily life in the village. He has a fascination with the Voice of America broadcasts, and particularly with the space program. He longs to be part of the developed world, and forms the Werner von Braun fan club. When an American arrives for an aborted international conference, he gets his chance. The American asks him to come to Paris, to run his chewing-gum-ball machine concession on the streets. In Paris, and on a trip to Germany, he makes friends and discovers that progress in the developed world sacrifices important values. Backgrounded by footage of a summit meeting in Paris, and unable to return to an idealized image of his past, he stubbornly refuses to capitulate to the terms of progress, resigning from his post as head of the Werner von Braun fan club and maintaining that he will find his own way.) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ! C33)LMNLOOCMN)M!MPQ*()CMPEEP)()CJO!R() CO*NO*()COR9PMQSC9SOR*()CTJ9TPEU?PERO() QE9OTP*()QT!ERQE()VOPNTJM)*)G)W)X)?() VSJS?SRO()YM*()YOQ()SRQSYERST*()6TJ9TP) JMHMP()J3S3L3HP393Z3()NE**SRE**)()?OR9*() ?PSNS9SWE()?POYPE**()*9PMZ)OR)9PMC6() *9ZJE()9MHSNS6()9ECHRS[TE()9PO\MR)9TLE3) ZOZO) ! 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