Education

7>t- ,'-t^,U 7
ã
n*'e
I99?. Volunc ll:384 393
weedTeclìnology.
i a
L
V
Education
í. ] ,' t. i' .l , , r ; ll l r : i
, , .' . . _
l : ì i ;r' '
Classlffcationof llerbicides by Site ôf Action for Weed Resistance
ManagementStrategies'
E. JAMESRETZINGER,JR andCAROL MALLORY-SMITH'
of heÍbicidessccordinglo their sitesof âction wâs developedto help
abstract: A classification
of herbicidesas â tooì iD cropproductionto delaythe selectionof helbicide_
maintainthe usefulness
*""a". The classificationincludes a numbering systemfor the site of action' úe chemical
t"rir""
pâckage
fo,nifv, u"a *r..omm"n rìâmeof the herbicide.The United Stâtesof Americatradenameand
mixêsalsosÍe inolldêd.
sytthase;HRAC' Herbìcide
synthase;AHAS, acetohydroxyacid
Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate
ResistanceAction CorÌìmittee.
L.), sugaÍ beet (Betarulgaris L.), and rough and Íìne
INTRODUCTION
'
Coppersalts,iron sulfate,andsuÌfuricacidwereused
The incteaseduse of herbicìdesfor weed controì led
\_--, as herbicidesas eally as 1896to control broâdleafweeds ro the selectionof heíbicide-resistant
weeds.Herbicide
in cereals.but it was the discoveryof the phenoxyher- resistanceis the heritabÌeability of a weedbiotype to
bicidesthât usheredin Ìhe modemageofchemicalweed survivean herbicidetreatment
to whichtheoriginalpopconrrol(Robbinset â1.1952).In thelate 1930sandearÌy ülâtionwâs susceptible.
In 1968,RyanÍìIst reportedheÍ1940s,hundredsof úousandsof hectareswerc trcaled
bicide resistance,in commonSroundsel(^S?teciotú184,'with sulfuricacid;however,in 1949in Canadâalone3 3
ir L.) resistantto simazine(Ryan 1970) By 1990,resismiÌlion h€ctares(8.2 milìion acres)werc treatedwith
tance had been reportedto most herbicidechemical
2.4-IJ.ChemicalnamesofheÍbicidesmcntionedaregivclassesandin 99 weedspecies(Hoh andLeBaron1990).
en in an Appendix.Althoughno accüaterecordof arcas
weedsprompteduni
AwaÍenessof herbicìde-resistant
treâtedwith 2.4-D is available,9 l million kg werc man- versity and agro-chemical
personnelto developguide'
ufacturedin úe U.S. in 1949and the averageÍale was
growe$
on
how to minimizethe risks
to
educate
lines
Fobably lessthân0.5 kg.
weeds.rTheseguidelines
of seìectingherbicide-resistant
Today, high yield agriculture rcÌies on herbicidesas
include similar recommendations:(a) Scout fields pdor
an integÌal part of weed conüol placlices that pÍoduces
to the application of any herbicideto detemine the spemore on fewe. hectares(LeBaÌon 1990).osteen and
cies and if economiclevelsjustify an herbicideapPliSzmedraí1989)discussedúe shiftsirl herbicideusage
practices'
cation.(b) Use altemativeweedmanagement
from the phenoxy heÈicides to h€rbicidessuch as thc
such as mechanicâlcullivaÌion,detayedpìanting.and
dinitroanilines,and triazines The
amides.carbamates,
weed-freecrop seeds.(c) Rotatecropswith an accomv
introductionin 1982of the herbicidesthat inhibit acepanying rotation of herbicidesto avoid usìng herbicides
tolacÌatesynthase(ALS), also calÌedacetohydroxyacid
with the samesite of âction on the samefield. (d) Limit
synúase (AHAS), c.eated ânother shift. These broadthe number of applicationsof a single herbicide or herspeclrum classesof herbicides are now labeled for all
bicideswiú the sâmesite of actionin a singlegrcwing
Ínajor conìmodities,including cereals,soybean(Glycine
season.(e) Use nxxturesol sequentialtreatmentsof her_
max L.), íce (Oryu satfuaL.), com (Zeanots L.), col'
bicides that eachcontrol the weedsin question,but have
ton (Gossypiutuhirsutun L.), pè Í\t l (Arachìt hypoSítea
a different site of action.(f) Scoutfields after application
--iÃ!Eiiãro.
rom
Novenb€r
1ee6,
and
in
relised
outti"urion.rpÌil23,
to detectweed escapesor shifts. Il a potentially resistant
r8. 199ó.
weed or weed population has been detected,use avail_
,
AnericanCymmid, weÍ DesMoin$, lA
SeniorField ^eric!]I!Ìií,
5026óândAssislanlPrôf$sor,CropandSoil Science'OÈgo! StaleUniv€tsnv.Corlallis,oR 9?33l respetiveLt.
--aifiãF"i"ne
384
so"i"rv ot .qneilcaNewsletE.,1995.vr'ssA, 23i21-23
WEED ]'ECt{NOLOOY
(Biiger and Sandman
able control meÍhodsto avoid seeddepositionin the cide sitesof actionand iesistance
et â1. lg93; Dodge
Devine
field. (g) Clealì equipmenÍbefore leaving fields infested 1989;Caseleyet â1. 19911
1989rPowlesand Holtum 1994)
to haveÍesistantweêds.
with or suspected
to
families
Shaoer(1995)reviewedthe niÍìeherbicide
which resistancehâ6 devclopedwotld-wide.At Ìeâst
hE6ULÍ6 ANO DISGÚ6SION
to herbicideshavebeen
of resistance
tbÌeemechanisms
irÌ Table1. The
is presented
The WSSA clâ$sificâtion
observed in plâíts. These are alteled sites of action,
site ol
numbér,
includes
úe
cÌâssificâtion
tabÌe
Sroup
of theherbicide,ând
in úe râteof detoxi6câtìon
changes
U
S
trade
ingredient,
family,
active
action,
chemicâl
modificationsin the uptake and translocationof the heraddition,
the
name, and packagemix trade names. In
bicide.
designationfor úe gÌoup is included
KnowingtlÌe site of actionis key to planningan her- HRAC alphabetic
parenthesis
under
the wSsA classificationgroup
in
biciderotationstrâtegyto reducethe potentialfor selecI
lists
U.S. tradenamesfor package
Appendix
in Mân- numbeÍ
tion of Íesistan!weeds.In 1991,weedscientists
to statndardize mix products.The sectionnumbet in Appendix I refe$
itoba.Cânada.developeda classincation
the WssA-approved conÌnon name oi the hetbicide
the hetbicidegroups.This clâssiflcationwas first pub- to
as
it occurs in Table I and the packageÍúx paÍners
guide in 1992
lishedin the provincerecomÌnendation
Aooendix
2 containsthe herbicide'schemicalnameas
(Anonymous1992).The guidelistedeachherbicide,the
reúrreO in the Chemicat Absracts Servìce (Atuens
group(1,2, 3, etc.),âlonglvift weedspecicswiú pop'
to tÌÌaÌ group,âncl 1994),
ulationsthat haveevolvedresistance
A review of the Australian(GiÌl et al. 1994) and
for delayingthe onsetof we€dresisa recoÌnmendation
WSSA
systemsshowsthat the AustraÌiansyslemtencls
tance.Beginningin June 1994,labelsof all herbicides
place more herbicideswithin a gÍoup (e.9., Ps II inregisteredin Australiawere requiÍedto identify which to
\-heÍbicide gtoupor grcupsthe prcductbelonged.Hetbi- hibitors, triazinesalong with the benzothiadiazoles),
whereasthe WSSAsysleú plâcesúese two PSII inllibcideswete groupedA, B, c, etc.,by modeof actìonto
for poisons itors in sepaÍategroups. Separatingthese groups more
avoid confusionwith numericdesignations
closelyreflectsobservedresultsindicatingbentazoncan
aÌreadyusedin Australia(CiIl et aÌ. 1994)to bercsislaiìtÍo atrazine(Gronconúolweedssuspected
wald 1994).
PROCEDURES
The classificationcould have wider utility with the
At the 1995WeedScienceSocietyof AmeÍicameea inclusion of the following herbisidescurÌentÌy rcgist€red
ComÍÌútteecommissioned in EuroperGroup 12 additions:diflufenican,flurochloring, ttÌe HerbicideResistance
idone, and flurtamone,and Group 15 additions: mefensystem,draw'
the draftingof an heÍbicideclassincâdon
ing fÍom tìe Canadianaod Australian systems.The clâs- acel and BAY FOE 5043.Herbicidesin Groups27 and
28 are cunentlyutilizedin Europebut not registeredin
sincationwas reviewedby weed scientistsin the U.S ,
registered
with a new mode
Canada,and Europe,and was developediviú the co- the U.S.The nextherbicides
of actionshouldstaÍ wilh Group29.
opeÉtion of the Herbicide ResistanceAcdon commi$ee
is the ability of a biotype
Targetsite cÌoss-resistance
(HRAC).HRAC wâs formedin 1989by technicalrePto
herbicides
from different chemical
to
be
rcsistant
indusüy
to
deveÌop
from the agro-chenücal
resentatives
site
of
actionand is úe Íesult
a cohesivemanagementplan to adúess herbicideresis- classesbut willÌ Ìhe saDìe
system of a changein the targetsite. Wiúin heÍbicide Group 2,
. ,ance.HRAC supportstheherbicideclassification
(R. R
úe inhibitorsof ALS/AHAS, variablelevelsof c.ossresistance
ad&ess
herbicide
as one meansto
In addition,HRAC Êsistance lìave been reportedamong úe sulfonylureas,
Schmidt,personalcoÍnmunicâlion).
imidazolinones,
and pyribenzoates,
systemfor use triazolopyrimidine
is developingan hcrbicideclassiÍìcation
(Bumet
et
al.
et
â1.1994;
dine
thiobenzoates
1994;
Saari
HRAC
systems
differ
in
the
The
wsSA
and
ir Europea
conservalive
1995).
This
classilìcalion
takes
ShaÌÌer
cloup designation.Groupsin úe wsSA ând the HRAC
by numbersand letteÍs,respec- approachin groupingall iúibitors of ALS/AHAS within
systemsâre designâted
one group.
úvely.
is úe ability of a bioherNonlaÌget site cross-resistance
No attemptwâs madeto cile referenceslor evety
bicide and its site of âction since much of it is common type to be rcsistant to herbicideswiú different target
. knowledge and the rcferences would be exìaustive. sites. Wild oat (Atena fatua L.) resistant to lhe prcemersenceherbicide ariallateand rcsistant to úe herbiHowever. úere are several teviews availabÌeon herbivolünê I l. Issüe2 (^pril June)199?
385
BY
OF HERBICTDES
RETZINGERAND M U-oRY_SMITH: CI-ASSIFIC^TION
STRÀTEGILS
SÍIE OF ACnON FOR WEED RFSISTANCEMANÀOEMENT
âccoÌdingto prìmrv sit€ofãdion'
Iarl, Ì, He.bìcideclâssiôcation
GÍoup
I,IRAC
Inhibitois ol acetYlCoA
1
2
(B)
^ryloxyphenoxtPopic
lnhibitÕ* ot scetoìâctàlc
sy has ALs and ãÌso,
call€drcê@hvdmrv,cio
MON 12000
Bask(2)
MON 37500
AC 299.263
Lìghtning^
m'x)
Gold only ãs Páckage
PyrimidiÍyìthiobcnzoe
MicÍotubuleassenblYin
DCPA
(o)
lite indolcâc€lic acid)
2.4 D
2!-DB
MCPA
MCPB
5
(c,)
386
lnhibitionoi phorósynlhê_
E!ik'
VolulÌe ll, hsu€ 2 (Apnl-Jüne)199?
WEEDTECHNOI-OGY
TiRAC
Hylar X
6
(c,)
lúibÍion of Photosytlhe_
slhe snediflè!€ntbihding
Inhibitionof photosvnücsane snediffelentbindjíg
Inhibirion of liPid sYÍthc
si*not ACCase innibnion
EPTC
(z)
I
(c)
(Hl
|l
l2
(F,)
at
.arorenoidhiosYntbesis
srcp(PDsl
l3
Vt,t
lnhibitio. of alì
Bleacbing:
Irhibitio! ol Protopo+hyË
íE)
(ì)
cc^-248?5?
l5
vollde I l/ Issue2 (APÍil-hnd 1997
Hdesí,
Sutpassì,Topnoìch"
25
Secrior
38?
'
AY SnE OF ACTION FOR WEID RESISTANCEMANAGEMENI STR'ATEGIES
REÌZINCER AND MALLORY sMtÌH: CI-\SSIIICATION OF HERBICIDES
HRAC
;õ
u.s, irâde nôFe
sne oÍ 'dion
chcmicallãmiì'
Pâckagehix
u s mde lame Úilh
Acüve insredienr
Oxv.cetânides
'
natúpâmide
mencúacel
BÂY FOE 5M]
Devn.ol!
elhofümesâte
Noíron"
{N)
Opmosehicâls
'
\z)
DSMA
MSMÂ
l8
(l)
InhibitionDg! (dihvdloP
slep)
tcroalesYnthase
Cdbânab
l9
lohibÍioÍ of iidoleacêric
PhÌhálanst€
20
lrnlblrro[ gl..lltjlo!ç rtn"
Nirúlô
2l
(L)
Inhibitionofcèll wátl.yn'
tftesissireB
I'elecÌrond!
Photosysrcn
B.í2àfride
lDhibnionof úiiosis
carbanares
Uncouplrng
Mcmbrâned^rupto6
Ditritophenol
di.osb
AÌyladinopopionicacid
ilnpÌoP'retbvl
None
Tca
22
23
(K,)
t'-ú4)
BiPvlidvìluns
dlquál
(z)
(N)
tz)
28
(FJ
Triketone
Inhibitionol4_hydrcxy
phenylpyruvate'dioxtgen_Isoxa@lc
PY@olc
de (4-HPPD)
.BASF
" Afreri.ãn cyanafrid
CFMC
388
Volune tl, Issüe2 (Ap.il-tune) 1997
WEED1ECHNOLOCY
cidê difenzoquat has bee'l documented ]n numerous
fioldsin ^lberta,Canada(O'Donovarìet 41 1994)These
two different herbicide groups are in Group 8 (unkrown
site of action) but almost certainly do no: havedìe same
site of action (B6ger ând Sândmân1989).Furúer studies
bv Blackshawet al. (1996)haveiídicatedthls t€sistant
wild oat is mote susceptibÌeto applications of EPTC,
wild oat.
thanis the susceFtible
anoúer thiocaÍbamate,
âs re_
be
reported
FuÍther exceptionsto úe tule will
seaÍchcontinues.To note all exceptionsin úis chaÍt will
which is to
belie the true purposeof this classjficâtion,
of
helbicides
úe
classifrcation
üovide a framework for
üy úeir site of action.The rotationof herbicideswith
lheprevention
s;lcsof âctionwill noÌgììârsnlee
diflerent
resistance
asdemMetabolism_based
of weedresistance.
(Lolium
ìgidum C^adin) ií
onstrâtedby rigid ryegrass
Austrâliacrossesseverâlherbìcidegroupslistèdin úis
(Buntotèt â1.1994),
,JlassiÍìcation
is but one aid in the mânagement
This clâssification
The moredive$ity in toolsused
of heÍbicideÍesistance.
to conrol weeds,úe less Íisk ol selectingresistant
'ceds-
ACKNOWLEDGMÊNTS
The authorsacknowledgeall of úe weed scientists
DaÌeShanelAmerican
who reviewedthe classilìcation,
RobertSchmìdt,BâyCyanâmidfoÍ vâluableâssistânce,
er AG Germany,for inputfrom the HerbicideResistance
Action Committee, and Wilüam AÌÌÍens, NoaÍh Dakota
in preparing
for providin8assistance
S(rtelJniversiÌy.
manuscíipt.
this
199?
volümeÌ1. Issúe2 (APril-June)
CITED
LITERATURE
lL;Weed
?lh ed ChanPaign,
Ahrcrs,W H.. ed. 1994.HerbicideHandbook.
sciênceSo.ietvof amenca l52 P
Anonynou' lÔo2. lcal Cuidero C'op Pmrectioí CámÚ MB: Mrnituba
Deo.rrnebtof AsÍi(ullue l88 P
Blactjiw. R. E., t. r o Donoran M P Sfma. K N Hdret ríJ D
Mrlrìcè, 1996 Rèstõn3eÒr tri lâtc ÈÉidftt wild o.t (-4!"' /'r"d) lÕ
Àlbddúvè heiblcid;í WéedT.chnol.l0r?5E-2ó2
Bôser. P H, ând C, Sahdnsn, eds. 1989 Tüeet Silês of tl€rbicidê A'liÓn'
Bcá Raton,FLrCRC Pre$ 295 P.
Bum.r. M WM., Q. Hd. J A M Hokutr,ãndS B Powles 1994Re'islance
lo nioe herbicide(lã$e. rn a populdlionoÍ risid 4eglas ír'ri!ã ri3
,d!ú). We€dSci.42i369-3?7andR K Àtlon,€ds l99l HerbicideResis_
CNley. J, C., C, W Cussans,
ranc. in w*ds ând Crcts. Oxford: Butlerwoíì 513 P.
Devjnú,M. D.. S. o. Dukc.and C- Fcdtkc 1993 Phvsiologyof Hèibicide
AôlióÍ, Êoglesood Clirfs, NJ: Prcntice Hâil. 'l4l pDods.. A, D., ú. 1989.Húbicid.s andPlantMetabolismSocielvofExPerlnenúl Biolosy.Senioú Scries38 Canbidee Cobridge Unive6nv
a Refۃnce
Cill, G., J. Holnes, ând R. Kelly. 1994 HeÌbicideR.sislaoce.
Manual.Depanneniof AsriclltuE WestemAuslralia Misceuaneous
Pubkaüon 16194.0.3-7.
coíw!ìd, J. C. t99c. tiesnrrncelo nhorostqedll inhibhlnShe'hiridc' Ì,
s. B. loqles and J.À.M nohtn, eds HeÌblcideResi$lánc ii Planc'
BiotoÊv.ndÀiochófihrv. Èúa R!toí, FL CRC Pt.s p )t-ó0
Holr.,.s.;;dH.M.LcBmn. laooslEtuíìcinc.ríddh{lbullÒnôíhêtblcldo
W€edTechnol..l:l4l-1,19.
Ésisrance.
LêBen, ll. M lS9O.Weedsciencein rhê 1990s:Pil! it be forwâÍdor in
wad Technol.4:671-689,
@verse?
O Donován.,. T, M. P ShÊma.K. N. Ha.kei D. Maurìcc,M N Baig dnd
R. !. Blxckslì.w.1994.wild o.r ('4fuíalar!/) popll ionsÈshmnrto
w€ed sci.42:195-199
trial!.t€arealsoEsislânttô difenzoquat.
usolrendsand
OsÈen,C, D. and P L Sznedü, 1989.ABriclltuialPesticide
policy issues.USDA. Asricllllral Ë.onomic Repon 622 p.
in Plan*.
Powis. S. B. andr.^.M. rbXln, eds 1994 HeÌòicideResistânce
BiolosyâÍd Bioch€misry.BocaRaron,FL: CRC Prcss.353 p
Roübnr. W W. A. S. Crafb. and R. N. Raynoi 1952 WeêdConüol.New
York McCÍaw-HiU.503p.
Ryúr, C. E 1970.ResÌlanceoi codmon eoündsello sinüin€ ândâtrâzine
WeedSci. 18:614616.
late
S*ri- L. L..J. C. Cotleman,ândD.C. Thill. I 994.Resiíancero ac€tÔlâc
S B PowlesandJ.ÀM Holtufr.eds.
syrú6€ inhibninenerbicid€s.1"
in Plaits.BioloevandBiochenisúv BocaRaton,
HerhicìdeResisrance
FL: CRC Pr€ss.p. l4l-170.
ofÊshlance: thcir
D. L. 1995.Studieson ncchmisns andCenetics
Shanqr,
contribuiion ro herblcide rcsisranc€nanaeen€nt PÌúc Bíi8lìton CÍop
Pot. Coni 2:53? 545
389
BY SrÍE OF ACÍON FOR \Ã'EEDRESISTANCEMANAGEÌ\'ENT STR-\TECIES
RE'IZINCERAND MÂLI-oRY-SMITÌI: Ci-ASSIFICAIoN OF HËRBICIDES
ÁplendiÌ ./. PackaÊe,nìxtures listed bv útivê ingiedienr
MCPA(4)
MCPA(4)
MCPA(4)
zt,D (4)
Tiller
BASF
Nnúa[n i3)
LiBhtning
2,4D (4)
FMC
2 . 1 . D( 4 )
MCPA(4)
MCPA(4)
.-,.2
t3
MCPA (4)
Tilìe.
2,4-D(4)
2A-D(4)
2A-D(4J
ganvel520
BASF
BASF
2.4 D (4)
15
390
2A-D (4)
2.+D (4)
Votumell, hsuc2 (April-June)
1997
WEÊDTECHNOLOCY
2A-D(4)
CIBA
CIBA
CIBÁ
CIBÀ
Laddots-12
EitrazineII
BASF
BASF
BASF
BÁSF
MCIA (.1)
2.4-D(4)
BASF
BASF
EPTC
21
CIBÀ
CIBA
CIBA
BASF
199?
voluÍe 11,ksue2 (APril-Jlne)
391
-
BY SITE OF ÁCIlON FOR WEED RESISTANCEMANACEMENÌ STMTEGIÈS
RETANGER AND MT\LLORY SMITIT:CLASSIFICATIONOF HERBICiDES
Árpddú 2, Alphabetical list of chenical .a]É
(2,.4iichìorcPhênaxy)acêtic.cid
2.4-D
rcid
4.r2.4.dichlorcphenoxr)buranoic
2,4.DD
Ì_'rethvlerhvl)_5_oxo_
(iJ.2-t4,s-dihydrc-4'nerhy!'l_{
AC 263,222
lic
lfi .imrddol-2 yll_!merhy!3_pvridinecsbo\J
AC 299.263
di noseb
dimethónanid
l ncrhvlelh'l!5 oro
(l)-2 14,5-d
rhydrc-4-mêúyl_4_i
pvídinecaF
I d-imidazol2.yll-5ímerhoxymerhvll3
2-chb;-N-(erhoxynethyl)_|r''(2{üvt'GnethvlPhen-
EPIC
5-i2-chloo-4'(rifiúoonethyl)phenoivl-2_nitobenrcic
2,chìoro-,v-(2.6-dieÌhylph.nyl)-lv-(nelhorvne_
&{lnyl t'-(l-nethybtnyl) ç(methvlúio)_13.5 tnâ_
lt- l.2,41riabl3-ónine
mcthylÍ(4-aúinopknyl,sulÍonyUc*bãmrk
r l c r h y l e r h ) l lL5l Ú t d n ' . 2 4 '
Ò . c h l o r o 'ê/ vr h y l - r ' ú :m
3.4_thladl
BÀYFOE5043 4rnuorc-NlsopÌopyl-2-(5ìnduoóneúvll
ael2-yloxy)acetânilide
N-buryl,Nrihy!'2,ó-dinÍro-41lÍifuloódeüvll_
2'tÍt(l(4.ó-dìdethyoxy'2.pynúidinvl)ani.olcebóítll
ácid
âÍinolsuÌfonyUmethyllbenzoic
O.O-bn(l-nerhylcrhyl)S
[2_Í(phenylsullõn_
yl)arinolethrÌlphosphorodiÌhioaÈ
b€nólhildiuin_4{31t'
3-il neúylerhyl)-(lrD-2,1,3
reíoxapop
Rúãzifor-P
o^!Ìo.oornoicacid
N.(2.;.li|ììorcphenrlfs_mdh) Il I .2 4ìháelol ' 5'
,lplmldlíe.2aulrônsnido
núniclorrc
t2{hloó'4'lluoro-5'(1,3.4,5,6,?_hexúvdo_1.3'dioxoeid
2lÌ-isoindol-2-yl)phenoxylacetìc
t . {4-chloo- 3-[( 2.2,],l.:i_Pcntal uooptôpox, )nethv Iì
í upoÍaú
phenyll_5_rhen]|
IH_' !.'lrÍiarole_Jcaroo\!irdc
N,i.dimdhlIN:LLuifluoíome'hJIrphenvllúEa
fluodeuÌoì
'ìutucblolidon€ 3 chloro-+(chlorondhvl)-l'[3-(rifluoronerhvì)
pnenyu2 pYrolidinon€
2_pyndi.yl)orvÌãceric
t(4"adìÍo-3.5'dichlorc_6_lìüorc
3.5-dibroEo-4'hydrcxyb.nzonnÍile
lr'-Outoxym€thyl)-2-chloro-N12,6_dieôylphen
S-eú)l bk(2 6crh)Ìprcprlrübãmorhioatê
| (,1-dcrhoxÌô-meúyl lÍrazin2_yl)_lJ2rl l,3rnfruo'
ÍoprcpyU-phenYkuìtonYl
I uFa
hhydÌo I oxô lH.3lr'
merhyltt2{hloÍo.J.nuoo.5_lit
I l,3.4lthiadiazoÌo{3.4-alPyriddin'l_ylidene)
adìnoìphenylÌhiolacerare
2-tltl(4-chlorc-ó-merhoxy_2_pyrinidi_
acid
nyl)âminÕlcdbonyUaninohulfonyllbenzoic
l-netbrlethylI-chlorophe.ylcarbamate
l,S,5rriuin_2
2{hloro'N It(4rnelhoxy-ó-nerbyf
yl)anioolcdboiyllbcnzenesuìlonmide
eroll) I nelìyÌ-4'(l-deúylethyD'2 l(2'merhylphen
yl)merhoxyl'Tixabicyclo[2.2.
llheptanê
(8,4)-(r)-2{l lÍ(3{hloro-2-prcp€nyl)ôxylini'ol
pÌopyll-5-[2-(3eúyhboi)prcprlÌ_3-hydorv'2'cv'
'iT*''"
dinclhyl3-isoxdolidi_
2-t(2-chloophenrl)netnyll-4,4
DCPA
{1)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)prcpanoicacid
(a)-2-l+(2,4-dichlorcphdoxy)phenort]pÍopanoic
(t)-5'(6eÌhylamino)'2phehyl-4-[3_(tdíuoom*
thyl)phenrll3(2,Ií)-r!dnone
iíuoronethyl)phenoxyì'rv"(nerhvku'_
5 J2-cnloo-4-(tr
íonyì)-2-nnóbenzâmide
acid
2-aninó-4-(hydroxynethyìphosphinyl)buranoic
Nlphosphononethrl)Clycine
3,5ìria'
3-cyclohexyl-ó-(din€rhylanirìo)_l{Ì€íryl_1
zine-2.4(ll/3Ír-dione
(:)-2-t.l.l-dibydro-4{ìeúyl'4-(l-mcthylethyì)-5_oxo_
acid
2-ylÌ-4(ãnd5)-melhrlbenzoic
l,Y-imidazol
(3r2)
(r) 2 [.15-dihydro-4-rethyl4-(
I'deüylethyl)'5_oxo'
UJ iúid.zol-2-yÌl 3 Pyijdinccârbotyli.rcid
-neIhtìeúyl)_5_oxo_
tt2-t4.5-dihydro-4-meúy1.1.(l
acid
inidüol2-lll 3-quinolinecaÌboxylic
IÍl
l-nelhylerhyl)_5_oxo_
2-[4,5dihydro-4'úeúyl-4-(
jc acid
imidazol-2yìl-5-clbyl'JpyrìdinecaÍboxyl
ile
4-hydrcxy-1.5'diiodobenzoíift
dinnGMlVìiprcpylbonzena4-(l-meúylelhyD'2.6
À Í3.(l<tbyl-l'meúy!pÍopyll-s-isoiuolylJ-2,6-dime
2 py.idyloxy)
2 p,opyDyl-(A)-2-[4-(5-cnìorc-3-rlnorc
acid
3.6-dichloro-z{yrdinecarborylic
1,3,5'triúìn-2-yllaninol_
2-l{4-chloo-6-(eúylam'no)2-ncúylpúpan€nitriìe
s ethyl cycloh4ylcthylc.rbamorhioat€
benz€nediceboiylâE
dimethyl2,3,5,61€trachloó-1,4
acld
disodiumsaltof nerhaúedsonic
2.2-dichloop.opanôic acid
eìhyl[]-ft (pheÍylâmino)cübonylÌoÌylphenyll.úbamte
3,6-dichloro-2-nethoxybenzoicacid
(1)-2-t4't(6{hlorc'2_benzoxuoltl)oxvlphےoxrl
propa.oic
acid
'Ì4-I 15-(aií úobhethy
nvlloxvjphci
D_2-pvridì
{À)-2
nunehúÌem
5-brono-6-methyl-l-(l-methyltópvl)2,4(lIt 3r)pyrìfr i'litcdionê
z-brono 3.3-dimeúyliv_(l nethyl_l_Phenyl-
ccA-152005
rv-(2,.1
diíluo,ophenrl)-2{3-(ttidúoromerhvl)phenox!J_
3_Pyridinêcarboxâhide
initiophcnól
2(I . nethylpÍôpyll-4.6-d
2-cnbrc-N(2,4_dimethvl'31hicnvl)',!_(2-nethoxv_Ìmêthylerhyl)'âcêìamide
bcnaneJcer3m,óe
N,|';-dinerhyl-d-phcn)ì
iun
clpyrazinediium
6,7-dihydodipyridoll.2.o:2'.1'
,{L(3,4ìichlooph€nyl),{,{_dideúvluÉa
S{rhyl dipropylcaÌbamorhioak
dini!rc'4ítrifruo
N{rhyl-À-L2.melhyl-2-prcpenvlr'2.6
rohethyl)ber*íamiue
1,3.5ìdâzin_2_
2-ÍltJ[+erhoxy-6-(reúylanino)ylhriiolcdbonylhniroìsnlforyllbenzoic a.id
(l:)-2'erhoxy-2,3'dihydro
3,3-direüyls-benzofutanvl
MCPB
MON 12000
MSMA
merolachlôr
meÌdbuzin
íJ)-2-ethoxyì-nelnyl-2ox@lhyls-[2{hlorc 4 (tri
0uorcnerhyì)phenoxyl'2-nittubêhzoale
ÀL(3,4-dichloóphenyl)-Ir'-deúoxy-lv-m€thyhrea
(4 chloo-2-nethylphenoxy)aceric
&id
acid
4-{,L€nlorc-2
methylpheÍoxy)butlnoic
mthyì 5-tl(4.ó-dinôrhÕry-2-py.ihidinyl)âúiiolcdbonyladinosulfonyU-3-chlócl_neú_
y! l.It'trrazole-4-caÍbotylâlc
acid
sall ol mctbylaBonic
monosodium
( :t !214-chloro-2-ne
lhylphcnoxy
)pó pâíoicâcid
2í2'benzothieol yloÍy)-N ! henylaceknide
neüyl-1,2,+ôxâdiazolidire_
2-(3,4-dichlorcphcDyl)-4
3.5'diôn€
2-chloro-N-(2-e!h!l-6-nelhylphenyl)-d-(2-neúoxy-l
neúYlethyl)ac€tmide
4Ìnino-ó-(l,l-dinerhyleúyD_3-(neúyllhio)_1,2,4_
riain,5(4Ir-oie
1,2-diúethyl3,5-diphenyl llt-pymliüD
392
volunc ll, lssue2 (April-June)199?
WEEDTF.CHNOLOCY
22 tÍli(4 nerhoxy-6-mêthyl-l,r,5rriâ,in
âcid
vl)anìnolcdbonylhÍioolsulfonvllb€nzoic
S-eúyl hcxúydD-llt'âzepine-l câibothioate
N,{-dierfiyl-2-(l-naphthale.yloxy)propanamtd€
laúino).dbÒivllbe.mic acid
2.1(1'naphtbaleny
2- IL(4,ô-Lrhèüory2.PyÌimiJinyì)
NN dlnerhrl_l
aminoicdbon)llromolsulÍonyll
pyridinc.srbohmid.
4-chlorc's'(déthyìami.o)_2_(3_(tiifruorcmc_
úyl)ph.nyl) 3(2s)_Prridszinône
ltdroíopylamrnoIS,5.dinrrcbenÈíesulfonamide
3-Í2,4d;hÌôÍo 5 r l-neúykúor y rphenvlltl l.l di_
íethyleúyl)-1.3,4-oxadiDal2_(3lr-one
2-chlorc-l-í3ethorv_4_nitrophenoxv)_4_(ÌníuoÓdê-
2.tLtl(+meúo{y6 ncúyl 1.1.5kiazin_2vlì
acrd
meúylâminolcáóonyllâninolsultonvUb€nzoic
acid
1(3,5,6-rrichlorc-2-pyridinyl)oxvlacetic
2.6-dinit.o-rv,N-diprcpyl-4_(lrjfluorone:-lLltl4.(dihcthylmino' 6 (11.2 trinrcrcêth.\-11 .
inolcüboíyìl 0m'íoFUrróivrI
1,1,5.úìazin-2-yllfl
s-popyl dipÌopYlcarbanoihioaie
ion
l lldiúethyl-,1,4'-bipyridinium
5 propylburtlerhylcúbamo'hiÕate
!(Ì eúyloÍopylIl.4-dimeúy12,ódinitobcnanamine
ncrbylphen'
3-ÍúnErlìoxycabonll)âdinoiphcnll(3
{id
4 aniÍo-:1,5,6-trichlorc-2-pyndintrrboxrlic
2 Íllt[4,6'bh(dif,uÒbdetboxy)-2-pyrihidi_
ac'd
nvUaninol.arbonylhnìiokullonyllbéÍzoic
inuoíiméthvl).1,3.bèiì2.4'dinitio'M,M'dipÌõptl-ó"(|r
6rndhory Mt'rbk( ì -rérhylcrhrl)-1,3.5fÍìâzirc_2-4úiuinc14,{lbis(l merb}lcrhyl)-ó
l,nedìylrhio)-1.3,5
Ì. l-dnÌ€ìbrl-2.prcPyoyl)benzôúide
3.5-dichlorc{N2-chìoro-d'('-meúylethyl)-rv-Pbenyleotmide
À-(3.4-di.hÌôroplÌ.nyl)pro@óatnid€
di_
6'ct orc-rv,N'-bis(lmethylcthyl)-1,3,5_!dazite_23
\-
l-n€ihyleúll phenylcãrbada.e
(2.3-dichlôrôpheoyl)[,!-dihethyl
5 ll(4-nethylphe'_
y!)sulfonylloxyl-llr'pyrseì-4-yllôethanone
2-py.inidinrl)thioÌbenrcic
2-chlorcó-Í(4.6-dim€thoxy
cübonô0'(6 chloÌo-3-phèíyl-4-pyf,duinyl)s-@lyl
3,? dichloo-8'quinoliíe.aóoxylicdcid
(,{)-2Ia [(ó{hÌorô-2-q!iioxaìinyì)
acid
oxrlphenoxylpropnnóic
N{t(4.6-dimeúoxy-2!triridinyÌ)aminolcaibonylì_3(erhykullonyl)-2-pyridinesulfonanide
2-tl-(erhoxyimino)butyll'5
12(eúyÌhio)popyll_3_hy_
droxy-2crcìohexen-l-one
.{-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-rVLphenyluea
diaoite
6 chloo-N,x'-diethyll,:1,5-rriazine'2,4
N-[2,4-dichloÌo'5'14-(diflüorcnethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3_
n.thy!5-oxcllr-1,2,4rÌiazo!l-yll-phüyllnetha.esülfoÍdide
2 [[[[(4,6 direúyl'2'pyÌinnìdinyl)
miDolcúbonyllaninolsüllo.yllbenzoic a.id
TCA
X'15 (l,t-dineúyletbyl)l,3,4thiadiúô12 yll_lYM_di
E,3tt'
5-chloo-3-(r,l dineúylerhyl)'6nell'ryr2,4(t
3 [[[[(4-neúoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5'üidin-2y!)minolarbonyllffi inolsulfoíyll-2-úioph.húúJ,t(4{hloúphenyl)nelbylidieúylcârbânorhioate
2-( l(€thoxy'dino)propyll'3-hydtury-5-(3í,6rdneüylphdyl)'2{yclohexên- l -oie
5'(2,3,3tichloro'2-PlopenyÌ)bis(l -nethyls
1.3,5'lda.
2(2-chlo!ôeúoxy),ry-[(4'neúoxy-6-nelhyf
ziÍ-2-yl)anino jc&bonyll-benen*ulfonamide
voìuoe I I, lssue2 rAfil-Juneì 1997
393 .