trabalho completo - 52ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de

52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Yield and composition of cactus pear giant fertilized with cattle manure at different spacings 1
Virgílio Mesquita Gomes2, Joaquim Lima de Barros3, Victor Ferraz Serafim4, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato5,
Eleuza Clarete Junqueira Sales6, Angel Amaral Seixas7
1
Parte do trabalho de dissertação do segundo autor, financiada pela FAPEMIG
Mestrando em Zootecnia, bolsista CAPES – DCA - UNIMONTES, Janaúba, MG. e-mail: [email protected]
2,6
Professor de Educação Superior DCA – UNIMONTES, Janaúba, MG. e-mail: [email protected]
5
Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano – Campus Guanambi, Guanambi, BA. e-mail:
[email protected]
3,4,7
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological composition and productivity of cactus
'Giant' (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill). The experimental palmal was implemented in September 2009, the treatments
were arranged in a factorial 4 x 3, being four doses of organic fertilization with cattle manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg
ha-1 yr-1), three spacing E1 (1.00 x 0.50 m), E2 (2.00 x 0.25m) and E3 (3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m) in a randomized block
design with three replications. Increasing doses of cattle manure up to 90 Mg ha -1 yr-1 increased the yield of forage
cactus 'Giant' in 124.07%. However, the increase of manure and studied spaces did not influence the fiber content in
neutral detergent, which obtained a mean value of 285.88 g kg -1. As for the crude protein and acid detergent fiber
differed between spacing and cattle manure independently. The fiber in acid detergent ranged from increasing linearly
with the cattle manure, but remained within the expected low values for this crop, which was higher in the spacing
2.00 x 0.25 m (206.17 g kg-1). The crude protein content ranged from increasing linearly in the gaps in double row
(3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m), increasing 0.38 g kg -1 crude protein for each Mg ha-1 yr-1 manure added. The fertilization
with manure increases the production of cactus 'Giant' regardless of crop spacing, which would otherwise contribute
to increase its crude protein and fiber in acid detergent.
Keywords: fertilization, production, semiarid
Rendimento e composição bromatológica da palma forrageira 'Gigante' adubada com esterco bovino em
diferentes espaçamentos
Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a composição bromatológicas e a produtividade da palma forrageira
'Gigante' (Opuntia fícus-indica Mill). O palmal experimental foi implantado em setembro de 2009, os tratamentos
foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo quatro doses de adubação orgânica com esterco bovino (0; 30; 60
e 90 mg ha-1 ano-1), três espaçamentos E1 (1,00 x 0,50m), E2 (2,00 x 0,25m), e E3 (3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m) em
delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. O aumento das doses de esterco bovino até 90 Mg ha-1
ano-1 incrementaram o rendimento da palma forrageira 'Gigante' em 124,07%. Porém, o incremento das doses de
esterco e os espaçamentos estudados não influenciaram os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, que obtiveram o valor
médio de 285,88 g kg-1. Já os teores de proteína bruta e fibra em detergente ácido diferiram entre espaçamentos e
doses de esterco bovino de forma independente. O teor de fibra em detergente ácido variou de forma linear crescente
com adubação com esterco bovino, porém permaneceram dentro dos valores baixos esperados para essa cultura, que
foi maior no espaçamento 2,00 x 0,25 m (206,17 g kg-1). O teor de proteína bruta variou de forma linear crescente
nos espaçamentos em fileira dupla (3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25m), aumentando 0,38 g kg-1 de proteína bruta para cada Mg ha1
ano-1 de esterco adicionado. A adubação com esterco bovino aumenta a produção da palma forrageira 'Gigante'
independente dos espaçamentos de cultivo, que de outra forma contribuem para incrementar o seu teor de proteína
bruta e fibra em detergente ácido.
Palavras–chave: adubação, produção, semiárido
Introduction
The palm 'Gigante' (ficus-indica Mill Opuntia), and a forage of long tradition in the northeastern livestock,
and represents a key food support for the herds in the semiarid. Are foods with high-energy, with an average of 64.7%
TDN, this amount well above the most forages used in animal feed in the semiarid region (Ferreira, 2005). It's a
culture of great productive potential and mainly available in the most critical periods of food supply. As restriction
on its exclusive use as forage for ruminants, the palm is low in fiber and has an average PB content of 4.22 % thus
needing to be complemented with other sources of this nutrient. There are currently a an expansion of palm cultivation
in semi-arid region of Bahia, whose main purpose is the production of fodder (Almeida, 2011). In these systems of
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Página - 1 - de 3
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
exploitation of culture, fertilization and planting spacing, as management strategy, are important points on
establishment the palmal, by interfering in the availability of nutrients in the soil and mainly contribute to increased
productivity. Specifically studies with organic fertilizer in different types of spacing and important because they can
provide a better chemical composition of cactus 'Giant'.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the productivity of cactus 'Giant'
cultivated under different spacing of planting and doses of organic fertilization with cattle manure, on second cut of
culture.
Material e Methods
The experimental palmal was implemented in September 2009, with the cultivar 'Giant' (Opuntia ficus-indica
Mill). The area is located at the Federal Institute of Bahia, Campus Guanambi, Bahia, with average annual the 680
mm the temperature of average of 26 °C. The treatments were arranged in a factorial 4 x 3, four fertilizer levels with
cattle manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 yr-1) and three spacing E1 (1.00 x 0.50m), E2 (2.00 x 0.25m) and E3 (3.00 x
1.00 x 0.25 m) in the same planting density corresponding to 20,000 plants / ha -1 in randomized block design with
three replications. The area of the plots was 64 m2 (16 x 4 m), with area helpful of 16 m2 (8 x 2 m) and total area of
2,304 m2. The Fertilization held out in the area it was coverage beside row on beginning from period rainy.
To 930 days after planting were collected tissue samples of cladodes of cactus were determined qualitative
characteristics: content dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber
(FDA), and gray, expressed as g kg-1. The data of variables were subjected to analysis of variance and performed
comparisons between the averages of different spacing by Tukey test (P<0.05), by SAS software (SAS Institute,
2014) and regression analysis for the different manure doses, conducted using the SAEG 2007 program version 9.1
of the Federal University of Viçosa.
Results and Discussion
The green mass production increased (P<0.01) linearly with increasing doses of cattle manure (ŷ = 93.27 +
1.801 x **; r2 = 0.96). The increase in green mass production to the highest dose of manure 90 Mg ha-1 yr-1 compared
to dose 0 Mg ha-1 yr-1 was approximately 180.00%, from 94.83 to 265.60 mg ha -1, increasing 1.8 mg ha -1 of green
mass to each mg ha-1 of cattle manure added.
The dry matter production the forage cactus 'Giant' increased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing levels of cattle
manure (Figure 1). The dry matter production increased to the highest dose of manure 90 Mg ha -1 yr-1 compared to
dose 0 Mg ha-1 yr-1 was approximately 146.00%, of 6.39 to 15.72 mg ha -1.
Production (Mg ha -1 )
)
20
1
-
ŷ = 6,334 + 0,099**x; r2 = 0,98
15
10
0
5
0
30
60
-1
90
-1
Manure doses (Mg ha ano )
Figure 1. Dry matter (DM) production of giant cactus due to organic
fertilizer levels with cattle manure.
Dubeux Junior et al. (2006), found production of dry matter average of 23.8 Mg ha -1 for clone cactus IPA 20,
with a population of 40,000 plants ha -1 in four locations in the state of Pernambuco (Arco Verde, São Bento do Una,
Serra Talhada and Sertânia).
The levels of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and ash differ (P<0.05) between spacing (Table 1) and between
doses of cattle manure independently. An increase in manure and spacing did not influence (P>0.05) fiber contents
the neutral detergent in cactus Giant. The increase in ADF content to the highest dose of manure (90 Mg ha -1 yr-1)
compared to dose (0 Mg ha-1 yr-1) was approximately 31.22%, 164.44 to 215 78 g kg-1.
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Table 1. Crude protein level (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash expressed in g kg-1 in cladodes of
giant cactus, grown under different spacing and fertilizer levels with cattle manure.
Spacing (m)
(1,00 x 0,50)
(2,00 x 0,25)
(3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25)
CP
98,75 b
102,47 b
112,59 a
ADF
177,50 b
206,17 a
193,92 ab
ASH
131,75 b
142,50 ab
150,67 a
CVa (%)
7,68
13,71
12,51
Médias seguidas por letras diferentes na coluna diferem significativamente entre si, pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05).
a
– Coeficiente de variação
For each t ha-1 y-1 added manure there was an increase of 0.38 g kg-1 crude protein. The increase in crude
protein content to the highest dose of manure 90 Mg ha -1 yr-1 compared to dose 0 Mg ha-1 yr-1 was approximately
44.43%, 83.45 to 120.53 g kg-1.
Donato et al. (2014) conducted a study, which also found an increase of CP in function of cattle manure,
regardless of the spacing used. The CP content observed by the author to the dose of manure 90 Mg ha -1 yr-1 was
120.31 mg kg-1, similar to the present work.
Silva et al. (2013) reported the effect of chemical fertilizers, regardless of the spacing. Fertilization with only
P with 177.90 g kg-1, expressed similar levels of ADF without the addition of fertilizer 168.80 g kg-1 was less than
182.40 and 181.30 g kg-1, in treatments N-P-K and N-P.
Conclusions
The increase in cattle manure doses up to 90 Mg ha-1 yr-1 improved the performance of giant cactus, its use is
a great alternative for animal feed, especially in regions with low rainfall and food shortages.
Acknowledgements
Thank CAPES and the FAPEMIG at assistance in carrying out the work.
References
ALMEIDA, J.A Palma forrageira na Região Semiárida do Estado da Bahia: diagnóstico, crescimento e
produtividade. 2011. 95p. Tese (Doutorado) – Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas - Universidade
Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Cruz das Almas-BA. 2011.
DONATO, P.E.R. et al. Valor nutritivo da palma forrageira 'Gigante' cultivada sob diferentes espaçamentos e doses
de esterco bovino. Revista Caatinga, v.27, n.1, p. 163-172. 2014.
DUBEUX JÚNIOR, J.C.B. et al. Productivity of Opuntia fícus-indica (L) Miller under different N and P fertilization
and plant population in northeast Brasil. Journal of Arid Environments, Amsterdam v. 67, n. 3, p. 357-372, 2006.
FERREIRA, M. A. Palma forrageira na alimentação de bovinos leiteiros. Recife: Gráfica Universitária, 2005.
68p.
SILVA, J.A. et al. Composição bromatológica de cladódios de palma forrageira sob diferentes espaçamentos e
adubações química. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, v.8, n. 2, p.342-350, 2013.
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