statistikis warmoebis sistema saqarTveloSi

statistikis warmoebis sistema saqarTveloSi

statistikis warmoebis sistema saqarTveloSi
saxelmwifo statistikas, saxelmwifo politikis formirebis sxva mniSvnelovan
sakiTxebis msgavsad, evropis kavSiris samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegmaSi didi
yuradReba eTmoba (4.5.5). samoqmedo gegmis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo statistikis sistemaSi
unda gatardes ori ZiriTadi reforma: (a) saqarTvelom unda danergos statistikis
warmoebis iseTi meTodologia, romelic SesabamisobaSi iqneba evropul standartebTan,
gansakuTrebiT, Semdeg sferoebSi: saxelmwifo finansebSi, biznesSi da sagareo vaWrobaSi
da (2) evropul standartebTan harmonizacias unda mohyves instituciuri reformebi
statistikis saxelmwifo departamentSi, rac uzrunvelyofs optimalur balanss
arsebul resursebsa da monacemebis xarisxs Soris da aseve, statistikis departamentis
da misi adgilobrivi filialebis damoukideblobis gaZlierebas.
am angariSSi Sejamebulia saxelmwifo statistikis warmoebaSi monawile struqturebis
saqmianoba, esenia: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, finansTa saministro da
saqarTvelos erovnuli banki. monacemebis mopovebisa, analizisa da gavrcelebis
arsebuli praqtikis garda angariSi aseve ganixilavs dagegmil reformebs, romlebic
miznad isaxavs monacemebis mopovebisa da gavrcelebis obieqturobis ganmtkicebas.
saxelmwifo statistikis warmoebaSi monawile struqturebi
saqarTveloSi moqmedebs saxelmwifo statistikis warmoebis decentralizebuli
sistema. erovnuli kanonmdebloba statistikis warmoebaSi wamyvan rols statistikis
saxelmwifo departaments aniWebs, am procesSi saqarTvelos erovnuli banki da
finansTa saministroc monawileoben. departamenti pasuxismgebelia sayovelTao aRweris
Catarebaze. is aseve amuSavebs iseT mniSvnelovan statistikur informacias, rogoricaa
inflaciis done, mTliani Sida produqti, samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi, dasaqmebis
statistika, sasoflo-sameurneo statistika, ekologiuri da jandacvis statistika da
a.S. finansTa saministro amuSavebs informacias saxelmwifo finansebis da Semosavlebis,
Sida da sagareo valis, da importis da eqsportis Sesaxeb. erovnuli banki ki
informaciis erTaderTi wyaroa monetarul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi. faqtiurad,
TiToeuli es struqtura muSaobis procesSi eyrdnoba danarCeni ori struqturis
monacemebs. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo statistikis sistema am sam struqturas aerTianebs,
Tumca xSirad xdeba sxvadasxva saxis statistikuri monacemebis mopovebis, analizis da
gavrcelebis
delegireba
sxva
administraciul
struqturebzec,
magaliTad,
saganmanaTleblo sferosTan dakavSirebul statistikas awarmoebs ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministro, Tumca mopovebuli informaciis gavrcelebamde, saministrom es
informacia unda SeuTanxmos statistikis departaments. saministro moipovebs da
amuSavebs informacias saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis raodenobis Sesaxeb maTi
iuridiuli statusis mixedviT, studentebis gadanawilebis Sesaxeb sqesobrivi da
asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT, maswavleblebis gadanawilebis Sesaxeb sqesobrivi da
asakobrivi jgufebisa da ganaTlebis mixedviT, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis
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materialur-teqnikuri bazebis Sesaxeb, erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb
da a.S.
statistikis sferoSi arsebuli ZiriTadi sirTuleebi
Sida koordinacia
saxelmwifo politikis dagegmvis efeqturoba ramdenime saxelisuflebo struqturas
Soris koordinirebul saqmianobazea damokidebuli. statistikuri informaciis moZieba
da analizi sxvadasxva struqturebidan miRebuli monacemebis Sedarebas da Sejerebas
moiTxovs. magaliTad, sagadamxdelo balansis dasadgenad saWiroa informaciis mopoveba
statistikis departamentidan, erovnuli bankidan, sabaJo samsaxuridan, dazRvevis
saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis samsaxurisdan, turizmis departamentidan da sxva
saxelmwifo institutebidan. mTliani Sida produqtis gaangariSeba statistikis
departamentis saqmea, Tumca is am gaangariSebaSi, bunebrivia, iyenebs finansTa
saministros da erovnuli bankis monacemebs. saboloo Sedegs ekonomikuri
prognozirebisaTvis iyenebs finansTaA saministro “ZiriTadi monacemebisa da
mimarTulebebis” dokumentis SemuSavebisas.
da mainc, dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi struqturaTaSorisi TanamSromloba ar aris
kargad koordinirebuli; zogjer statistikis warmoebaSi CarTuli struqturebi ver
akmayofileben erTmaneTis moTxovnebs. magaliTad, finansTa saministro ukmayofiloa
imiT, rom statistikis departamenti aqveynebs mxolod fasebis indeqsis procentul
cvlilebas, maSin, roca makroekonomikuri prognozisTvis aucilebelia fasebis indeqsis
absoluturi mniSvnelobebi.
damoukidebloba
statistikuri monacemebis mwarmoebelTa urTierTTanamSromloba da koordinacia
mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli institicionaluri struqturis gamarTulobaze.
rogorc minimum, koordinaciisTvis mniSvnelovania, arsebobdes erTi struqtura,
romelsac (a) eqneba imis uflebamosileba, rom koordinireba gauwios statistikis
warmoebaSi monawile sxva struqturebs da (b) iqneba sakmarisad damoukidebeli, raTa
awarmoos obieqturi maCveneblebi.
saqarTvelos statistikur sistemas Tu davakvirdebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es ori
moTxovna daculi ar aris. am sistemis Semadgeneli sami ZiriTadi struqtura
sxvadasxva
tipis
struqturul
erTeuls
warmoadgens
(politikuri
da
administraciuli uflebamosilebebis mixedviT). finansTa saministro, rogorc
ministrTa kabinetis erT-erTi mTavari erTuli, am mxriv, gamorCeul poziciazea, Tumca,
dRevandel viTarebaSi rTulia imis Tqma, rom is Tavisufalia politikuir gavlenisgan.
arsebobs mosazreba, rom dasaxelebul sam struqturas Soris damoukideblobis yvelaze
maRali xarisxiT xasiaTdeba saqarTvelos erovnuli banki. misi statusi gansazRvrulia
konstituciaSi, sadac garantirebulia misi politikuri damoukidebloba. erovnuli
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banki angariSvaldebulia parlamentis winaSe; erovnuli bankis sabWo Sedgeba Svidi
wevrisgan, romlebsac asaxelebs prezidenti da amtkicebs parlamenti. sabWo asaxelebs
bankis prezidentis kandidaturas (sabWos Semadgenlobidan) da am kandidaturas
amtkicebs prezidenti (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 96).
statistikis departamenti, romelsac statistikis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela
saqmianobis koordinacia evaleba, aris ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros
saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba. misi Tavmjdomaris kandidaturas asaxelebs ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis ministri da amtkicebs premier-ministri. departamentis xelmZRvanelobis
TqmiT, is kanonmdebloba, romelic saxelmwifo statistikis sistemas aregulirebs,
moZvelebulia – sakanonmdeblo muxlebis daaxloebiT 2/3 mkvdari muxlebia. amis mizezi
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg mniSvnelovnad Seicvala
xelisuflebis struqtura; Seicvala statistikis departamentis struqturuli
pozicia, Tumca TiTqmis ucvleli darCa misi maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo CarCo.
statistikis departamentis susti struqturuli poziciis erT-erTi Sedegi is aris,
rom bolo ramdenime welSi departamentis Tavmjdomare ramdenjerme Seicvala.
is faqti, rom erovnuli bankis damoukidebloba konstituciiT aris garantirebuli,
xolo
statistikis
departamenti
ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis
saministros
daqvemdebarebul erTeuls warmoadgens avtomaturad ar niSnavs imas, rom pirveli
struqtura bolomde damoukidebelia, xolo meore – mudmiv gavlenas ganicdis. am
mxriv mTavar problemas is warmoadgens, rom statistikis departamentis amJamindeli
statusi ar aZlevs mas statistikuri monacemebis mopovebaSi, damuSavebaSi da
gavrcelebaSi wamyvani rolis Sesrulebis saSualebas. amavdroulad, departamentis
damoukideblobis sakanonmdeblo garantiebis ararseboba saxelmwifo statistikis
sistemis politikri gavlenis qveS moqcevis safrTxis winaSe ayenebs. problemas
saqarTvelos xelisuflebac aRiarebs da es sakiTxi, Sesabamisad, Setanilia evropis
kavSiris samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegmaSi.
resursebi
dRemde statistikis sakiTxs saqarTveloSi didi yuradReba ar dasTmobia. miuxedavad
imisa, rom bolo periodSi premier-ministri da mTavrobis sxva warmomadgenlebi sajaro
politikis dagegmvisas ufro aqtiurad iyeneben statistikur monacemebs, vidre es adre
xdeboda, statistikis damuSavebisTvis gamoyofili resursebi arasakmarisi rCeba.
finansTa saministros da erovnuli bankis is danayofebi, romlebic am sferoSi muSaoben
sul ramdenime TanamSromliTaa dakompleqtebuli. erovnuli bankis makroekonomikis da
statistikis departamentSi 15 adamiani muSaobs, xolo finansTa saministros finansuri
statistikisa da makroekonomikis sammarTveloSi ki mxolod 5.
statistikis departamentis Stati ufro didia: centralur ofisSi muSaobs
daaxloebiT 95 TanamSromeli (srul ganakveTze). regionuli ofisebis da kontraqtiT
ayvanili TanamSromlebis CaTvliT departamentis struqturaSi sul 1,000-mde adamiania
dakavebuli (kontraqtiT ayvanili TanamSromlebi gamoiyenebian mxolod gamokiTxvebis
Catarebis dros).
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am sakmaod SezRuduli adamianuri resursebis efeqturad gamoyenebis mizniT
statistikis departamenti cdilobs, gaataros garkveuli instituciuri reformebi,
romelTa ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia funqciebis decentralizacia da uflebamosilebebis
danawileba. am mizniT, yvela raionSi mcire SesaZleblobebis mqone danayofebis
arsebobis nacvlad, departamentma Seqmna Svidi, SedarebiT maRali SesaZleblobebis
mqone, regionuli ofisi.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis statistikis departamenti jerjerobiT aWaris
ekonomikis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi rCeba, Tumca statistikis sistemis
centralizaciis Semdeg, aWaris ofisic saxelmwifo departamentis erT-erT qvedanayofad gadakeTdeba. momavalSi centralur da regionul ofisebs eqneba mkveTrad
gansazRvruli funqciebi, kerZod: centraluri ofisi Seqmnis erovnul qsels aReweris
Catarebisa da sxva savele samuSaoebisTvis; SeimuSavebs treningebis programebs
TanamSromlebisTvis da a.S., xolo adgilebze treningebis Catarebas koordinacias
gauweven da am treningebs Caatareben Sesabamisi regionuli ofisebi, riTac ganiviTareben
statistikuri monacemebis mopovebis, analizis da gavrcelebis unars.
mimdinare da dagegmili cvlilebebi
dagegmva
statistikis departamenti apirebs, meti yuradReba dauTmos dagegmvis procesis
daxvewas. am etapze muSavdeba strategia, romelSic gawerili iqneba departamentis
grZelvadiani miznebi. departamentma ukve moamzada da msoflio banks warudgina
proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifo statistikis sistemis Zireul Sefasebas
da am Sefasebis safuZvelze, saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSavebas. saboloo jamSi
departamenti SeimuSavebs yovelwliur gegmebs, romlebsac, Sesabamisad, yovelwliurad
ganaxorcielebs.
saxelmwifo strategiis efeqturad ganxorcielebisTvis aucilebelia, rom saTanado
doneze ganviTarebuli iyos departamentis teqnikuri SesaZleblobebic. amdenad,
mimdinare reformebis erT-erT nawils teqnikuri komponentic warmoadgens. 2007 wlis
zafxulidan, TACIS_is daxmarebiT, amuSavdeba ukabelo Sida qseli, romelic
erTmaneTTan daakavSirebs departamentis centralur da yvela regionul ofiss.
sistemaSi gamoyenebuli iqneba erTidaigive statistikuri programebi da qselSi
ganTavsebuli informacia erTdroulad xelmisawvdomi iqneba yvela ofisisTvis.
departamentis xelmZRvaneloba fiqrobs, rom es sistema maT saSualebas miscems, 2010
wlis sayovelTao aRwera saerTaSoriso standartebis sruli dacviT ganaxorcielon.
saxelmwifo statistikis internacionalizacia
nebismieri statistikuri sistemis erT-erT umTavres mizans statistikis imgvarad
warmoeba warmoadgens, rom damuSavebuli informacia ara mxolod obieqturi, aramed
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saerTaSoriso standartebTan Sesabamisi iyos, rac imis saSualebas Seqmnis, rom es
informacia gamoyenebuli iyos sxva qveynebis analogiur monacemebTan Sesadareblad. am
miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia statistiksi saxelmwifo sistemis internacionalizaciiT,
anu informaciis mopovebis, gaanalizebisa da gavrcelebis saerTaSoriso doneze
aRiarebuli standartebisa da meTodologiis danergviT.
saerTaSoriso standartebTan harmonizaciis aucileblobas xazs usvamen saerTaSoriso
safinanso institutebi da am aucileblobas aRiarebs saqarTvelos xelisuflebac.
statistikis departamenti informaciis damuSavebisas dRes ukve iyenebs gaeros da
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis statistikuri samsaxurebis mier aprobirebul
meTodologias.
amJamad
departamenti
samomxmareblo
fasebis
indeqss
adgens
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis daxmarebiT SemuSavebuli meTodis gamoyenebiT. rac
Seexeba mTliani Sida produqtis gaangariSebas, am SemTxvevaSi departamenti eyrdnoba
gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis statistikuri ganyofilebis meTods. finansTa
saministro da erovnuli bankic xSirad iyeneben saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis
saxelmZRvaneloebs iseTi statistikuri informaciis warmoebisTvis, rogoricaa
monetarul sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareoba, sagareo valebi, saxelmwifo Semosavlebi da
xarjebi da a.S.1
saerTaSoriso standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis da saxelmwifo statistikis
gamWvirvalobis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani nabiji gadaidga 2006 wlis dekemberSi, roca
saqarTvelo miuerTda `zogadi monacemebis gavrcelebis sistemas~ (General Data
Dissemination System - GDDS). GDDS aris saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis iniciativa,
romelic miznad isaxavs wevr-qveynebSi monacemTa Segrovebis, damuSavebisa da
gavrcelebis xarisxis amaRlebas. is aseve exmareba wevr-qveynebs, rom statistikuri
monacemebi SeimuSaon da gaavrcelon droulad, gasagebad da miukerZoeblad. amisTvis
yvela qveyanas evaleba, rom saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis vebgverdze ganaTavson
informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra meTodologias iyeneben statistikuri monacemebis
mopoveba-damuSavebisTvis da ra konkretul cvlilebebs gegmaven am meTodologiis
gasaumjobeseblad. garda amisa, maT vebgverdze ganTavsebuli informacia mudmivad unda
ganaaxlon (Tuki rames Secvlian TavianT sistemaSi).
dResdReobiT savaluto fondis vebgverdze marTlac aris ganTavsebuli garkveuli
informacia saqarTvelos statistikis sistemis, kerZod statistikis mopovebis,
damuSavebis da gavrcelebis meqanizmebis Sesaxeb. aqve mocemulia monacemebi fiskaluri
da finansuri seqtorebis, saxelmwifo valis, socialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxebis, aseve
statistikis departamentis, finansTa saministros da erovnuli bankis samomavlo
gegmebis Sesaxeb2. am informaciis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia imis Sesafaseblad, Tu
ramdenad SeZleben es struqturebi gansazRvruli miznebis miRwevas.
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monacemebis mopovebisTvis, analizisTvis da gavrcelebisTvis gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis
Semdegi saxelmZRvanelo instruqciebi: Balance of Payments Manual (1993); Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual (2000);
Government Finance Statistics Manual (2001); External Debt Statistics (2003).
2 ixileT saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis vebgverdi:
http://dsbb.imf.org/Applications/web/gdds/gddscountrycategorylist/?strcode=GEO
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dagegmili sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifo statistika daculi iyos
politikuri gavlenisgan. saqarTvelos mTavrobis davalebiT statistikis departamentma
SeimuSava axali kanonproeqti, romliTac ganisazRvreba departamentis samarTlebrivi
statusi, misi roli, funqciebi da valdebulebebi. kanonproeqtebis paketi ukve
momzadda gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis daxmarebiT. is SeniSvnebisa da
winadadebebisTvis gadagzavnilia saministroebSi. am pirveladi Sefasebis dasrulebis
Semdeg kanonproeqts da gamomdinare sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs ganixilavs ministrTa
kabineti da dasamtkiceblad waradgens parlamentSi.
axal proeqtSi saxelmwifo statistikis sistemis gansxvavebuli struqturaa
warmodgenili, kerZod, unda Seiqmnas erovnuli statistikis samsaxuri, romelic
damoukidebeli
iqneba
ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis
saministrosgan
da
pirdapir
daeqvemdebareba premier-ministrs; statistikis samsaxuris generaluri direqtori
dainiSneba xuTwliani vadiT (Sesabamisad, misi uflebamosilebis vada ar daemTxveva
saarCevno cikls); akrZaluli iqneba generaluri direqtorebis politikuri mizezebis
gamo gaTavisufleba; statistikis samsaxurs eyoleba sazedamxedvelo kolegiuri organo
– statistikis erovnuli sabWo, romelic ganaxorcielebs Semdeg funqciebs: (a)
monitorings gauwevs erovnuli statistikis samsaxuris muSaobas, (b) koordinacias
gauwevs im struqturebis muSaobas, romlebic CarTulebi arian statistikuri
monacemebis damuSavebaSi da (g) statistikur saqmianobas daicavs nebismieri saxis
politikuri Carevebisgan. sabWo Sedgeba 15 wevrisgan, maT Soris iqnebian erovnuli
bankis, saministroebis, samecniero wreebis, biznesisa da masmediis warmomadgenlebi3.
sabWos wevrebs daniSnavs premier-ministri xuTi wlis vadiT da isini damoukideblad
airCeven (sabWos Semadgenlobidan) sabWos Tavmjdomares.
axali kanonproeqtiT aseve unda gaizardos statistikis samsaxuris koordinaciis
uflebamosileba: yvela is struqtura, romelic statistikas awarmoebs valdebuli
iqneba gamoiyenos monacemTa Segrovebis, Senaxvisa da gavrcelebis is meTodologia da
konfidencialurobis dacvis is moTxovnebi, romlebsac daadgens statistikis samsaxuri.
garda amisa, isini TavianTi statistikuri ganyofilebebis TanamSromlebs aiyvanen
statistikis samsaxuris generaluri direqtoris mier dadgenili kriteriumebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
dagegmili sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, savaraudod, dadebiTad imoqmedebs statistikis
departamentis
damoukideblobis
gazrdaze,
Tumca
zogierTi
damoukidebeli
analitikosis azriT, yvelaze rTuli da amavdroulad aucilebeli is aris, rom
statistikis sistema gaTavisufldes im gundis gavlenisgan (premir-ministris CaTvliT),
romelic ekonomikur Sedgebzea pasuxismgebeli. maTi azriT, amisTvis saWiroa, rom
departamenti (an SemdgomSi – samsaxuri) iyos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisgan
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kaononproeqtis Tanaxmad, sabWoSi unda Sediodes Semdegi saministroebi: finansTa saministro, ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis saministro, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, da Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri
dacvis saministro.
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damoukidebeli, calke mdgomi struqtura, Tumca gardamaval periodSi is SeiZleba
prezidentsac daeqvemdebaros.
daskvna: statistika gamWvirvalobisTvis
saxelmwifo statistikis sferoSi dRes arsebuli mdgomareoba saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis mxridan dauyovnebel qmedebas saWiroebs. aucilebelia, rom yvela is
struqtura, romelic saxelmwifo statistikis warmoebaSi da gavrcelebaSi
monawileobs Sesabamisi resursebiT iyos aRWurvili. kargi iqneba, Tu dagegmili
instituciuri reformebi ufro swrafad ganxorcieldeba, raTa statistikis
departamentis wamyvani roli statistikis erovnul sistemaSi samarTlebrivad ufro
ganmtkicdes. am reformebs dadebiTi Sedegebi eqneba yvela dainteresebuli mxarisTvis:
SesaZloa, xelisuflebam yovelTvis misTvis sasiamovno informacia ver miiRos, magram
obieqturi statistika mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels saxelmwifo politikis sworad
danergvas; biznesmenebi da potenciuri investorebi ufro metad endobian damoukidebeli
struqturis mier warmoebul statistikas, rac daexmareba saqarTveloSi mimzidveli
biznes-klimatis Camoyalibebas, da bolos, samoqalaqo sazogadoebas saSualeba miecema,
rom xelisuflebis saqmianoba ukeTesad Seafason sando statistikis gamoyenebiT.
angariSis
momzadebaSi
gaweuli
daxmarebisTvis
“saerTaSoriso
gamWvirvaloba
saqarTvelo” madlobas uxdis: fridon aslanikaSvils (finansTa saministros finansuri
statistikis da makroekonomikis sammarTvelo), nana aslamaziSvils (erovnuli bankis
makroekonomikisa da statistikis departamenti), valeri maRraZes (statistikis
departamenti) da henri materss (finansTa saministro).
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