saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis

Transcrição

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi
sarCevi
1. “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” Sesaxeb
2. Tavi I. mokle mimoxilva
3. Tavi II. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikuri stabiluroba
4. Tavi III. saxelmwifo finansebi
5. Tavi IV. fuli da finansebi
6. Tavi V. infrastruqtura da regionuli ganviTareba
7. Tavi VI. saerTaSoriso vaWroba
8. Tavi VII. privatizacia da warmoeba
9. Tavi VIII. Semosavlebi, dasaqmeba da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
11. kalendari
12. ekonomikuri glosariumi
13. abreviaturebi
14. statistikuri danarTi
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“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis
qarTulqarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxeb
,,saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi” aris proeqti, romlis dafinansebas
axorcielebs ,,tasisis” programis farglebSi momuSave ,,ekonomikuri politikisa da
samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centri”.
,,tasisis” programa aris evrokavSiris iniciativa romelic xels uwyobs axali
damoukidebeli qveynebsa da monRoleTs
da evrokavSirs Soris ekonomikisa da politikis
dargSi urTierTobebis harmoniul ganviTarebas.
,,tasisi” grantebis formiT afinansebs “nou-haus”, rac xels uwyobs sabazro
ekonomikisa da demokratiuli sazogadoebis principebze gadasvlas. igi Zalze didi programaa
da Tavisi daarsebidan (1991) 3 000-ze meti proeqti aqvs dafinansebuli, romlis saerTo
Rirebuleba 3 290 milion ekius udris.
,,tasisi” mWidrod TanamSromlobs partnior qveynebTan da uzrunvelyofs “nou-haus”
gadmocemas evropis saxelmwifo da kerZo organizaciebis farTo speqtridan: axorcielebs
konsultaciebsa da swavlebas, sakanonmdeblo da mmarTvelobis sistemis, dawesebulebebisa da
organizaciebis gardaqmnasa da ganviTarebas, sapartnioro urTierTobebis damyarebas,
saerTaSoriso qselebis Camoyalibebas, erTobliv sacdel proeqtebs.
,,ekonomikuri
politikisa
da
samarTlebrivi
sakiTxebis
qarTul-evropuli
sakonsultacio centri” Seiqmna 1998 wels “tasisis” farglebSi, raTa daexmaros saqarTveloSi
ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi reformis ganxorcielebas. centris samoqmedo gegma moicavs
“saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” da, axlo momavalSi, analogiuri iuridiuli
mimoxilvis gamocemas da saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis ekonomikuri da samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi
konsultacias.
es publikacia dafinansebulia evrokavSiris tasisis programis mier, romelic
grantebis meSveobiT afinansebs axal damoukidebel qveynebSi da monRoleTSi
sabazro ekonomikisa da demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis
nou-haus.
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 we
weli,
li, #2
1
“saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” Sesaxeb
Tqvens
winaSea
“saqarTvelos
ekonomikis
mimarTulebebis”
(sem)
meaTe
kvartaluri gamoSveba. sem-i, romelic Seiqmna 1995 wels, qarTul da inglisur enebze
mzaddeba.
misi
mizania
saqarTveloSi
ekonomikuri
reformis
mimdinareobiT
dainteresebul pirebs miawodos misi msvlelobis mimoxilva. winamdebare da adreuli
gamoSvebebi (inglisur enaze) xelmisawvdomia internetis saSualebiT:
www.geplac.org
gamocema
informacias
Rebulobs
rigi
samTavrobo
da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebidan, maT Soris statistikis saxelmwifo departamentidan, saqarTvelos
erovnuli bankidan, saxelmwifo socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondidan da sxva
saxelmwifo saministroebidan da departamentebidan.
wyaro miTiTebulia yvelgan,
sadac ki es SesaZlebeli iyo. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciis
momwodeblebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis (regularuli konsultaciebis) da maTi
mxardaWeris gareSe am mimoxilvis momzadeba SeuZlebeli iqneboda. sem-is mizania,
sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdom informaciaze damyarebuli, ekonomikis ganviTarebis
tendenciebis damoukidebeli analizis warmodgena. garda amisa, mocemulia rCevebi
ekonomikuri
politikis
ganxorcielebis,
ekonomikuri
da
sxva
informaciis
Segrovebisa da gavrcelebis dargSi. gamocema miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi mimdinare
ekonomikuri reformis mxardaWeras, masSi warmoadgenilia mxolod gamomcemelTa azri
da igi ar asaxavs evropuli komisiis, tasisis evropuli saeqsperto samsaxurisa Tu
saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobis oficialur pozicias. mkiTxvels SeuZlia misi
citireba yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, im pirobiT, rom wyaro saTanadod iqneba
miTiTebuli.
damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gTxovT daukavSirdeT “saqarTvelos ekonomikis
mimarTulebebs” Semdeg misamarTze:
Tbilisi, gabriel episkoposis q. 26
tel: Tbilisi
(995 32) 93 91 61 / 77 67 64
tel/faqsi: Tbilisi (995 32) 93 91 60 / 77 65 14
e-mail: [email protected]
“saqarTvelos
ekonomikis
mimarTulebebis”
am
gamoSvebaze
muSaobdnen:
mixeil abramiSvili, endriu barnardi, natalia kakabaZe, dimitri qemokliZe,
daniel linoti, qeTi msxilaZe, erekle naTaZe, veronika Snaideri, saimon stouni,
irakli wereTeli.
wereTeli.
qarTul gamocemaze agreTve muSaobdnen: sofiko xmalaZe, lela RibraZe, maia
kobiaSvili
2
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #2
Tavi pirveli.
mokle mimoxilva
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikuri stabiluroba
1998 wlis saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTareba ar iyo stabiluri. ruseTis
krizisis
Sedegebma
–
transfertebis
Semcirebam
da
ruseTidan
importis
mniSvnelovanma zrdam da aseve mTelma rigma qveynis Sida problemebma, romelTagan
yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo saxelmwifo xarjebis araefeqturi marTva _ erovnuli
valutis 30 procentiT gaufasureba gamoiwvia. miuxedavad mravali xanmokle
problemisa,
eqsportze
orientirebuli
warmoebis
perseqtiva
mniSvnelovnad
gaumjobesda, romelsac daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia qveynis mimdinare angariSebisaTvis,
romelic, Tavis mxriv, ramodenime wlis manZilze ganicdida mzard deficits da
1998 wlisaTvis 547 milioni amerikuli dolari Seadgina. statistikis saxelmwifo
departamentis monacemebis Tanaxmad, fasebi 11 procentiT gaizarda, rac ufro didi
maCvenebelia vidre wlis dasawyisSi iyo navaraudevi, magram SedarebiT naklebi vidre
amas wlis bolos elodebodnen. 1998 wlis mSp 6,8 miliard lars Seadgenda, rac
kvlav mosalodnelze ufro naklebi iyo, Tumca 3 procentiT meti - wina welTan
SedarebiT. yvelaze swrafad mzardi seqtorebia mSenebloba, telekomunikacia da
transporti. mrewveloba ganagrZobs nela Semcirebas, xolo soflismeurneobis
warmoebis mkveTri dacema zogadad metad arasasurvel aminds ukavSirdeba.
saxelmwifo finansebi
1998 wlis Sesworebuli biujetis Tanaxmad, Semosavali mosalodneli iyo
752,1 milioni laris odenobiT, maSin rodesac xarjebi 930,5 milioni laris odenobiT
iyo dafiqsirebuli. Sesabamisad, deficiti 188,4 milion larad iyo Sefasebuli,
saidanac 119 milioni lari adgilobrivi wyaroebidan unda Sevsebuliyo. 1998 wels
qveynis realuri Semosavali (ucxouri grantebis CaTvliT) Seadgenda 621,9 milion
lars, rac dagegmilTan SedarebiT 130,2 milioni lariT naklebi iyo. Sesabamisad,
gasavlebi 797,3 milion laramde Semcirda, anu sawyisi biujetis 86 procentiT.
xarjebis TiTqmis yvela kategoria 80-85 procentiT iqna Semcirebuli.
fuli da finansebi
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma, romelic miznad
isaxavs ucxouri valutis gacvlis myari kursis SenarCunebasa da dabal inflacias,
ganagrZo Tavisi Tavisuflad mcocavi savaluto kursis ganxorcieleba. 1999 wlis
TebervalSi larsa da aSS dolars Soris valutis gacvlis Tviuri saSualo kursi
2,2763 Seadgenda, minimaluri kursi - 2,4510, 22 Tebervals dafiqsirda. 1999 wlis
pirvel kvartalSi inflaciis tempi gacilebiT dabali iyo vidre 1998 wlis
dekemberSi, Tumca fasebis indeqsi samomxmareblo saqonelze kvlav swrafad
izrdeboda – ianvarSi gaizarda 2,6 procentiT, TebervalSi - 5 procentiT, xolo
martSi ki – 1,9 procentiT.
fasebis metismeti zrdis aRkveTis mizniT saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
ganagrZobda biujetis deficitis dafinansebis mkacr politikas da Sedegad
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis raodenoba ar Secvlila.
1998 wlis bolos, sabanko krizisis Sedegad, finansuri Suamavloba mniSvnelovnad
daeca. 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi sakredito auqcionebi 60 da 90-dRian kreditebze
ar Semdgara. arsebobda moTxovna 7 dRian kreditebze, vinaidan komerciul bankebs
surdaT likvidurobis saWiro donis SenarCuneba. biujetis dagvianebiT damtkicebis
gamo 1999 wlis dasawyisidan ar Semdgara saxazino Tamasuqebis auqcioni. 1999 wlis
biujeti uzrunvelyofs 9,1 milioni laris adgilobriv dafinansebas saxazino
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 1999 weli, #2
3
mokle momixilva
TamasuqebiT da 0,8 milioni laris ucxouri valis momsaxurebas, xolo saxazino
Tamasuqebis auqcionebis gamarTva gaTvaliswinebulia 1999 wlis meore naxevarSi.
infrastruqtura da regionuli ganviTareba
saqarTvelos
infrastruqtura
kvlav
savalalo
infrastruqtura:
mdgomareobaSia, Tumca garkveuli gaumjobeseba mainc SeiniSneba. baqosa da dasavleT
saqarTveloSi axlad agebul terminals Soris damakavSirebeli navTobsadeni sruli
datvirTviT
muSaobs
da
navTobkompaniebi
misi
simZlavris
gazrdiT
arian
dainteresebulni.
es
interesi
ganapiroba
baqo-novorosiiskis
navTobsadenze
gamudmebulma Seferxebebma 1999 wlis pirvel naxevarSi da ruseTis federaciasa da
CeCneTs Soris urTierTobebis CixSi moqcevam. dasasruli ar uCans mTavrobasa da
navTobkompaniebs Soris mimdinare molaparakebebs imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor
ganxorcieldes
an
ganxorcieldes
Tu
ara
gacilebiT
didi
baqo-jeihanis
navTobsadenis mSeneblobis dafinanseba, romelic saqarTvelos teritoriazec
gaivlis.
regionuli ganviTareba: saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mimarTulebebisaTvis
GORBI-is mier Catarebuli SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi adasturebs adre
miRebul monacemebs, romelTa mixedviT SinameurneobaTa saSualo Semosavali ufro
maRalia (da umuSevrobis done SedarebiT dabali) dasavleT saqarTveloSi,
aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT. miuxedavad amisa, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi mosaxleoba sazogadod ufro metad emxroba mTavrobis ekonomikur
politikas. TbilisSi umuSevrobis done gacilebiT ufro maRalia vidre dasavleT
saqarTvelos qalaqebSi, magram Semosavali erT sul mosaxleze mainc maRalia da
saSualod ojaxis finansuri mdgomareoba ukeTesia vidre sxvagan. qveynis masStabiT
qalaqebSi zogadad ekonomikuri arastabilurobis gavlena ojaxis finansur
mdgomareobaze sakmaod erTgvarovani Cans: 1998 wlis ganmavlobaSi aRiniSneboda
saojaxo finansuri mdgomareobis gauareseba, magram gacilebiT met xalxs aqvs imedi
1999 wels am mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisa, vidre gauaresebisa.
vaWroba
wlis
bolosTvis
msoflio
savaWro
organizaciaSi
gaerTianeba:
saqarTvelos mso-Si gaerTianebis perspeqtiva saimedod gamoiyureba, rac Sedegia
Zalian mniSvnelovani progresisa, romelic miRweul iqna mso-s wevr qveynebTan
mravalmxrivi da ormxrivi molaparakebebis dros. Tumca, savaWro tarifebis Sesaxeb
ormxrivi molaparakebebi jer isev mimdinareobs da zogierTi qveyana daTmobebs
moiTxovs. dRg-sagan ganTavisufleba da saaqcizo gadasaxadebi alkoholur
sasmelebsa da sigaretebze problemas warmoadgens. imisaTvis, rom ar gaWianurdes
mso-Si gaerTianeba saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda miiRos kanoni sabaJos Sesaxeb, mso-s
moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. gansakuTrebiT iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa sabaJo
Sefaseba, saqonlis warmoSobis wesebi da sabaJoze gatarebis gadasaxadi. Tu
saqarTvelo SeZlebs am molaparakebebis droulad dasrulebas, 1999 wlis
seqtembrisaTvis saqarTvelo gawevriandeba mso-Si.
eqsporti: saqarTvelos eqsportis umetesi nawili kvlavac mezobel qveynebSi
gadis, rac qarTveli eqsportiorebisaTvis teritoriuli siaxlovisa da kargi
satransporto kavSirebis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs. am bazrebze saqarTvelos
eqsports Zalian mtkivneuli dartyma miayena ruseTis ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegebma,
magram amJamad aRiniSneba gacilebiT ufro daSorebul bazrebze eqsportis zrda
(evrokavSiri, Sveicaria da aSS). rac Seexeba produqciis struqturas, saqarTvelos
eqsportis ZiriTadi saxeobebi umjobesdeba, vinaidan didi mniSvneloba SeiZina mzardi
samrewvelo dargebis produqciis eqssportma, rogoricaa sasmelebis warmoeba da
manqanaTmSenebloba (romelSic saqarTvelos upiratesoba gaaCnia). aman unda
4
mokle m
momixilva
omixilva
gaabaTilos
mrewvelobis
warumatebeli
dargebis
(romlis
subsidirebasac
saxelmwifo ver axerxebs) CamorCena eqsportSi da momavalSi ufro dabalansebuli
eqsportis zrdasTan migviyvanos.
importi: saqarTvelo kvlav agrZelebs sxvadasxva produqciis importirebas
mravali qveynidan. mezobeli qveynebi saqarTvelos bazris mniSvnelovan nawils
floben, Tumca importis mniSvnelovani wili (romelic 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalSi
TiTqmis naxevars Seadgenda) samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaze, evrokavSirze, aSS-sa da
Sveicariaze modis. 1998 wlis registrirebuli importi 1 miliard amerikul dolars
aRemateboda. importis SedarebiT maRali done (da savaWro deficiti) ar asaxavs
saqarTvelos eqsportis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobas; igi ZiriTadi kapitalis
angariSis siWarbiT aixsneba, romelic sxva qveynebidan Semosul investiciebs,
kreditebsa da grantebs efuZneba. 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, aRniSnuli
makroekonomiuri destabilizaciis Sedegad, 1999 wels saqarTvelos ZiriTadi
kapitalis angariSis zrdis tempi SesaZloa dabali iyos; Sesabamisad, 1999 wels
SesaZlebelia
importis
Semcireba,
romelic
ar
aris
konkurentunarianobis
gaumjobesebis maniSnebeli da ZiriTadi kapitalis angariSis sisusteze miuTiTebs.
privatizacia
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi privatizaciis procesSi raodenobrivad didi
cvlilebebi ar yofila. ramdenime saSualo da msxvili sawarmo privatizebul iqna
meoTxe nulovan auqcionze. rac Seexeba saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis
sainvesticio tenderiT gayidvas aq didi siZneleebia.
saaqcio sazogadoeba
"WiaTurmanganumis" aqciaTa sakontrolo paketze gamocxadebulma tenderma ver
moizida myidveli xolo Tbilisis gazis gamanawilebeli kompania Tbilgazis aqciaTa
sakontrolo paketis mopovebaze gamarTuli tenderis Sedegebi gauqmda.
Tumca aris imis niSnebic rom privatizaciis procesi wlis bolosaTvis ufro
nayofieri iqneba.
saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom (sqms) daamtkica
obieqtebis nusxa romelTa privatizeba 1999 wels aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
nusxa
moicavs telekomunikaciebis seqtoris or sawarmos ("saqarTvelos telekomi" da
"saqarTvelos eleqtrokavSiri"), aT eleqtroenergiis generator sadgurs da
eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebel aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos kompaniebs,
33 msxvil samrewvelo sawarmos (maT Soris rusTavis "azoti", rusTavis "qimboWko",
"elmavalmSenebeli", "quTaisis saavtomobilo qarxana"), jandacvis seqtoris da
sarkinigzo transportis departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi sawarmoebis did
ricxvs.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
dasaqmebis struqtura da umuSevroba: 1998 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi
samuSao Zala Semcirda da wlis bolosaTvis daaxloebiT 2 milioni adamiani iyo
dasaqmebuli
(saerTaSoriso
Sromis
organizaciis
gansazRvrebis
mixedviT).
dasaqmebulTa Soris TviTdasaqmebulTa wili kvlavindeburad didia, Tumca ki
klebulobs da 1998 wlis dasasrulisaTvis daaxloebiT 60 procenti Seadgina.
TviTdasaqmebulTagan gadasaxadebis mokrebis efeqturi meqanizmis ararsebobam
gamoiwvia
gadasaxadebis
Tavidan
acileba.
TviTdasaqmebulTa
udidesi
wili
(87 procentamde) soflismeurneobaze modis. ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis
Tanaxmad,
umuSevrobis
done
1998
wlis
bolos
12,5
procents
Seadgenda.
umuSevarTaTvis gankuTvnili daxmarebis moculobis simciris gamo da vinaidan
registracia samuSaos SovnaSi didad ar exmareba umuSevrebs, bevri adamiani ar
Tvlis saWirod gaiaris registracia rogorc umuSevarma.
5
mokle momixilva
xelfasebi:
1998
wlis
seqtembris
Semdeg
sabiujeto
organizaciebSi
dasaqmebulTa xelfasebi 18-dan 66 laramde farglebSi iyo moqceuli. 1998 wlis
meoTxe kvartlis bolosaTvis Tviuri saSualo xelfasi mTels ekonomikaSi 60,3 lars
da 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolos ki 68,8 lars Seadgenda. 1999 wlis pirvel
kvartalSi sabiujeto organizaciebSi dasaqmebulTa xelfasebis davalianeba kvlav
grovdeboda.
Semosavlebis ganawileba: TviTdasaqmebulTa Semosavlebs mniSvnelovani
adgili ukavia saojaxo biujetSi. Tumca, Tu soflis mosaxleobas arafuladi
Semosavali fuladi Semosavlis garkveuli kompensaciis saSualebas aZlevs, qalaqis
mosaxleobisaTvis xelfasi Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens. dabali fuladi
Semosavlis
mqone
Raribi
ojaxebisaTvis
arafuladi
Semosavlebi
aseve
xelmiuwvdomelia. arsebobs ukiduresi uTanasworoba Semosavlebis ganawilebaSi.
socialuri uzrunvelyofa: saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba, romelic
Seiqmna 1998 wels, warmoadgens uRaribesi pensionerebis dasaxmareblad Seqmnil
sistemas, Tumca TiTqmis SeqmnisTanave am organizacis davalianebebi daugrovda.
1998 wlis meoTxe kvartlis bolosaTvis mxolod 2 100 adamians eZleoda umuSevrobis
daxmareba da 1998 wlis pirveli kvartlis dasasruls ki 1 900. sapensio sistemis
PAYG–is
safuZvelze
xorcieldeba,
romlis
mixedviTac
pensia
dafinanseba
damokidebulia xelfasidan gadasaxadis akrebaze. es pensionerTa umravlesobas
fiqsirebuli 14 laris odenobis pensiiT uzrunvelyofs. damokidebulebis dabali
koeficienti, Canacvlebis dabali koeficienti da xelfasidan gadasaxadebis
Segrovebis dabali maCvenebeli sapensio sistemis umTavres problemas warmoadgens.
winaswari gaangariSebis mixedviT, 1998 wlis sapensio davalianebebma 49 milion lars
gadaaWarba da 17 milioni laris davalianeba dagrovda maisis bolomde. 1998 wlis
oqtomberSi parlamentma miiRo kanoni arasaxelmwifo pensiebis Sesaxeb, rac
saqarTveloSi mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemis Sesaqmnelad gadadgmul pirvel
nabijs warmoadgens. mosalodnelia ucxour da adgilobriv kompaniebs Soris
tenderis gamocxadeba erTiani kerZo sapensio sadazRveo kompaniebis dasaarseblad.
6
Tavi meore.
1998 ekonomikuri weli kidev erTi wingadadgmuli nabiji iyo miuxedavad laris
gaufasurebisa, rasac, udaod, mravali negatiuri Sedegi mohyva (romelTagan yvelaze
mwvave Raribi mosaxleobis kidev ufro gaRaribeba iyo) da misi efeqti ekonomikaze
saTanadod unda iqnes Sefasebuli. naTelia, rom krizisis mTavari Sida mizezi _
susti administracia _ ar iqna neitralizebuli. naTlad gamoCnda isic, rom
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo
seqtori
da
saqarTvelos
ekonomika
aRaraa
urTierTSecvladi cnebebi. miuxedavad imisa rom saxelmwifo finansebis marTva
ukiduresad warumatebeli iyo, erovnuli statistikis Tanaxmad, ekonomika ganagrZobda
zrdas. ekonomikaSi soflis meurneobis mniSvnelovani wilis, miuxedavad, qveynis
ekonomikas aRmoaCnda unari, ukiduresad araxelsayreli amindis pirobebSi, ganegrZo
zrda. laris gaufasurebam, rac savaWro Sokma gamoiwvia, romelic ZiriTadad ruseTis
finansuri krizisis Sedegi iyo, gamoiwvia droebiTi problemebi qarTveli
eqsportiorebisaTvis, Tumca aman momavalSi unda gaaumjobesos qarTuli eqsportis
konkurentunarianoba TiTqmis yvela bazarze ruseTis garda. Sesabamisad, eqsportis
axali SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebasTan erTad mosalodnelia mimdinare angariSis
balansis mniSvnelovani gaumjobeseba. saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wina sami wlis
SedarebiT stabilurad da mSvidobianad mimdinare movlenebma sazogadoeba bevrad
ufro mimRebluri da Seguebadi gaxada ekonomikuri realiebis cvlilebebis mimarT,
vidre es mosalodneli iyo. ekonomika Sorsaa dangrevisagan da gaaCnia aRdgenisTvis
saWiro Zala da mxardaWera.
cxrili 2.1: ekonomikis ZiriTadi indikatorebi
indikatorebi 1998 wels.
(aTasi aSS dolari)
mSp
mimdinare angariSi
importi
eqsporti
savaWro balansi
arafaqtoruli momsaxurebaN
faqtoruli momsaxurebaF
transfertebi
kapitalis da finansuri angariSebi
kapitalis angariSi
finansuri angariSi
wminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebi
6,849 (milioni
milioni lari)
lari
-547,380
-1,163,693
299,748
-863,945
-35,036
140,820
210,781
394,079
-6,051
400,130
153,300
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
SeniSvna: vaWrobis monacemebi romlebic moyvanilia cxrilSi ar SeiZleba Sedardes teqstSi moyvanil
ricxvebs. Sedareba SeuZlebelia sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqturebis mowodebul winaswar monacemebs
Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebis gamo da am monacemebis mudmivi gadamowmebis gamo. sem-is momavali
gamoSvebisTvis, imedi gvaqvs, rom monacemebi dazustebuli iqneba.
1998 ekonomikuri weli
1997 wlis ekonomikis Zlieri zrda 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalSi gagrZelda.
ekonomika 11 procentiT gaizarda 1997 wlis pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT.
problemebi daiwyo araxelsayreli amindiT da samxedroebis SeTqmulebiT dasavleT
saqarTveloSi da gagrZelda sabiujeto krizisiT da ruseTis finansuri krizisis
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli
weli,, #2
7
negatiuri efeqtebiT. zrdis tempma daiwyo dacema da Semcirda 9 procentamde
1998 wlis pirvel naxevarSi da 7 procentamde wlis pirveli cxra TveSi.
oqtombrisTvis sabiujeto davalianebebma saSiS masStabebs miaRwia _ xelfasebi zog
SemTxvevaSi cxra Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar iyo gadaxdili. iafma rusulma importma
daipyro bazari, roca adgilobrivi sawyobebi savse iyo qarTuli, potenciurad
saeqsporto, produqciiT. Semcirda aramarto eqsportidan miRebuli Semosavlebi,
aramed ruseTSi momuSave qarTvelebis finansuri gzavnilebic. importiorebi eZebdnen
dolars ruseTSi meti saqonlis SesaZenad. am movlenebis kulminacia iyo sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi Seuryevadi laris gacvliTi kursis dacema. Sua dekemberSi laris
kursma aSS dolarTan 2,15 Seadgina. statistikis departamentis SefasebiT 1998 wels
mSp-s zrdam sami procenti Seadgina 1997 wlis 11 procentTan SedarebiT. 1998 wlis
nominaluri mSp Sefasebulia rogorc 6,8 miliardi lari.
krizisis sxva ZiriTadi indikatorebia erovnuli bankis saerTaSoriso
rezervebis mniSvnelovani Semcireba, mTavrobis sesxis gazrda, fasebi, romlebic
12 procentiT gaizarda 1998 wlis bolo TveSi, da sagareo vaWrobis deficiti,
romelic 855 milion aSS dolaramde gaizarda importis zrdis da eqsportis
Semcirebis
xarjze.
fiskaluri
maCveneblebi
ufro
detalurad
ganxilulia
saxelmwifo finansebis TavSi.
miuxedavad zemoxsenebulisa, uaryofiT cvlilebebs dadebiTi mxarec gaaCnia da
Tu maT ganvixilavT rogorc stabiluri sabazro wonasworobis damyarebas SeiZleba
misasalmebelic iyos. finansurma sistemam gamoavlina unari gaeZlo aseTi
mniSvnelovani dartymebisTvis. maSin roca laris kursi 37,8 procentiT daeca aSS
dolarTan mimarTebaSi, fasebi mxolod 11 procentiT gaizarda. Sesabamisad, qveyana
bevrad konkurentunariani gaxda sasaqonlo bazrebze da gansakuTrebiT Sromis
bazarze. kapitaluri investiciebi gaormagda 1997 welTan SedarebiT da rogorc Cans
ucxoeli investorebi ar daafrTxo siZneleebma radgan am investiciebis naxevari
ucxouria. iTvleba, rom realurad investirebuli kidev ufro metia, magram amis
Sesaxeb ar aris gancxadebuli.
mSp
statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebiT 1998 wels mSp, wina wlis
maCvenebelTan SedarebiT, gaizarda mxolod 2,9 procentiT da Seadgina 6,8 miliardi
lari. damatebuli Rirebulebis zrda dargebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrilSi 2.2.
rogorc cxrili 2.2-dan Cans mSeneblobis, transportis da komunikaciebis
seqtorebSi bevrad meti zrdaa vidre ekonomikaSi mTlianad. ssd-s SefasebiT
transportSi Seqmnili damatebiTi Rirebuleba gaizarda 41 procentiT (maSin roca
saqonlis gadazidva gaizarda 70 procentiT, mgzavrebis gadayvana ki - 16 procentiT).
zrdis maRali maCvenebeli SeiZleba mivaweroT saqarTvelos satranzito potencialis
swraf ganviTarebas rasac SesaZloa ar sdevdes zrda ekonomikis sxva seqtorebSi.
8
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikuri sstabiluroba
tabiluroba
cxrili 2.2: realuri mSp-s cvlilebebi: 1998
(procenti)
seqtori
mrewveloba
Sinameurneobebis mier soflis meurneobis
produqtebis gadamuSaveba
soflis meurneoba, metyeveoba, meTevzeoba
mSenebloba
transporti
kavSirgabmuloba
vaWroba
saxelmwifos marTva, Tavdacva, biujetis
xarjebi kulturasa da socialur sferoze.
1998 19971997-is winaaRmdeg
97.7
98.6
90.0
161.8
140.6
154.1
101.2
106.8
sxva seqtorebi
mSp faqtorul fasebSi
wminda gadasaxadebi
102.5
102.6
107.1
mSp
102.9
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti.
ekonomikis zrdis tempis dacema didaT ar unda iyos dakavSirebuli safinanso
krizisur. zrdis tempis Semcireba ZiriTadad momdinareobs soflis meurneobis
10-procentiani
klebidan.
es
seqtori
savaraudod
yvelaze
naklebad
aris
damokidebuli biujetis Sesrulebaze da gacvliTi kursis wlis bolos momxdar
cvlilebebsac ar unda moexdina mniSvnelovani gavlena produqciis moculobaze. es
seqtori stabilurad izrdeboda bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi da mSp-s erT mesameds
Seadgenda. gvalvebma ramdenadme Seamcira 1998 wlis sasoflo sameurneo produqcia da
1999 wlis dasawyisic mSrali iyo. Sesabamisad, am sferoSi ar aris mosalodneli
raime
mniSvnelovani
gaumjobeseba,
Tumca
gaumjobesebulma
saeqsporto
SesaZleblobebma SeiZleba eqsportze orientirebul fermerebs ubiZgos iqiTken, rom
maT Cveulebrivze meti resursebi gamoiyenon.
adgili hqonda aseve samrewvelo produqciis moculobis Semcirebas, Tumca amas
mniSvnelovani roli ar uTamaSia mTliani ekonomikuri zrdis tempis SemcirebaSi.
Tumca, samrewvelo produqciis moculobis Semcirebas, sasoflo-sameurneosgan
gansxvavebiT, ar SeiZleba moulodneli vuwodoT, vinaidan am seqtoris ZiriTadi
problemebi _ grZelvadiani sakredito kapitalis uqonloba da araadeqvaturi
restruqturizacia _ didi xania arsebobs da kargad aris cnobili. mimdinare
movlenebma xeli Seuwyo samrewvelo krizisis gaRrmavebas. rublis gaufasurebam
uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdina mravali qarTuli sawarmos konkurentunarianobaze
ruseTis bazarze, romelic mravali sawarmosTvis erTaderT bazars warmoadgens.
garda amisa, mrewveloba ufro metad ganicdis sagadasaxado dawolas vidre
ekonomikis sxva dargebi, rac amcirebs amonagebs mrewvelobidan da Sesabamisad am
dargis mimzidvelobas investorebisTvis. meore mxriv mrewvelobis siZneleebma
mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina biujetis Sesrulebaze, radganac maT Soris, rogorc
aRvniSneT, mWidro kavSiri arsebos. amis sapirispirod soflis meurneoba TiTqmis ar
ibegreba.
9
mSp-s daaxloebiT sami meoTxedi Seqmnilia kerZo seqtoris mier, romelSic
dakavebulia dasaqmebulTa ori mesamedi. saxelmwifo sawarmoebis wilma saqonlisa
da momsaxurebis 1998 wlis warmoebis 53 % (865 milioni lari) Seadgina, magram es ar
aris am sawarmoebis mier damatebuli Rirebulebis maCvenebeli.
cxrili 2.3: kerZo da saxelmwifo sawarmoebis Sedareba. 1998 weli
sawarmoTa ricxvi
produqcia
produqcia (milioni lari)
produqcia erT sawarmoze (aTasi lari)
daqiravebulTa ricxvi sul (aTasi)
daqirqvebulTa ricxvi erT sawarmoze
produqcia erT daqiravebulze (lari)
saxelmwifo
2,681
864.9
322.6
219.5
81.9
3,939.7
kerZo
11,137
758.4
68.0
214.7
19.3
3,532.4
sul/saSualo
13,818
1,623.3
117.5
434.2
31.4
3,738.3
fasebi
statistikis departamentis Tanaxmad, wliurma inflaciam 10,7 procenti Seadgina.
inflaciis Tviuri maCveneblebi moyvanilia nax. 2.1.
1998 wlis pirvel oTx TveSi fasebi nel-nela izrdeboda xilisa da bostneulis
sezonuri simciris gamo. Tebervlis piki aixsneba moulodneli deficitiT navTis
mowodebaSi, ramac samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi 1.1 procentiT gazarda. 1998 wlis
maisidan fasebma dacema daiwyo, rac asaxavda rogorc mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTi
unaris daqveiTebas, aseve samomxmareblo bazarze iafi rusuli produqciis siWarbes.
seqtemberSi fasebma kvlav daiwyo mateba, Tumca nela. noemberSi samomxmareblo
fasebis indeqsi 1,3 procentiT naklebi iyo wlis dasawyisTan SedarebiT. magram
dekemberSi sazogadoebrivi molodinebis gauaresebam da monetaruli politikis
uecarma liberalizaciam inflaciis Tviuri da wliuri maCveneblebi Sesabamisad
12,1 da 10,7 procentamde daiyvana.
1998 wels sagadasaxado reJimSi SemoRebulma cvlilebebma gamoiwvia erTjeradi
mniSvnelovani naxtomebi zogierTi produqtis fasSi. aqcizi benzinze 15-dan
60 procentamde gaizarda ramac misi fasi 20 procentiT gazarda. fasi mosalodnel
35 %-ze naklebad gaizada, radgan benzinis mniSvnelovani nawilis importi da gayidva
sabaJo registraciis da formaluri sabuRaltro aRricxvis gverdis avliT xdeba).
zogierTi saqonlisTvis gauqmebul iqna sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi (xorbali, mazuTi),
ramac maTi fasis aweva gamoiwvia.
Seicvala agreTve saxelmwifos mier regulirebadi fasebic. agvistoSi gaizarda
eleqtroenergiis sacalo tarifi momxmarebelTa yvela jgufisaTvis 33 procentiT,
0,045 laridan 0,06 laramde kilovat saaTisTvis. saqonlis msxvil gadazidvebs
gaukeTda 10-dan 20 procentamde SeRavaTi saporto momsaxurebisaTvis. saqalaqo
qseliT miwodebuli bunebrivi gazis sacalo fasi gaizarda 0,175-dan 0,214 laramde
kubur metrze. saerTaSoriso satelefono zarebi gaiafda (1.2 - 2 lari) dsT-s gareT
yvela qveyanaSi. dsT-Tvis tarifebi odnav gaizarda. sarkinigzo gadazidvebis
tarifebi Semcirda meti klientebis mosazidad. navTobis sarkinigzo gadazidvis
tarifi Semcirda 6 aSS dolaridan 5 aSS dolaramde erT tonaze.
10
tabiluroba
nax. 2.1: inflaciis Tviuri maCveneblebi 1998 wels
14
12
8
6
4
2
inflacia, %
10
0
-2
-4
ianv
Teb
mar
apr
maisi
ivn
ivl
agv
seqt
oqt
noem
dek
deregulacia, privatizacia da investiciebi
movlenaTa
ganviTarebis
sxva
mniSvnelovani
aspeqtia
ekonomikis
privatizacia/deregulacia.
marTalia
nela,
magram
privatizaciis
procesi
mimdinareobs (arsebuli aqciebis 41.5 procentia privatizirebuli). Tbilisis
eleqtroenergiis gamanawileblis “Telasis” privatizacia umniSvnelovanesi movlena
iyo. am SemTxvevis detaluri gacnoba sainteresoa ucxoeli investorebis SesaZlo da
arsebuli problemebis dasanaxad.
CanarTi 2.1:
Tbilisis eleqtroenergiis gamanawileblis “Telasis” axali mepatronis
winaSe mdgari problemebi
kompaniis 75 procenti gaiyida amerikel investorze 25 milion aSS dolarad.
bolo ramodenime weliwadSi kompaniis TanamSromelTa ricxvi aranormalurad
gaizarda. sagulisxmoa, rom mravali samuSao adgili SemoRebul iqna fiqtiurad,
imisTvis, raTa namdvil TanamSromlebs nominalur (Zalian mcire) xelfasze meti
anazRaureba mieRoT. problemis gadaWra scades moulodnelad warmatebuli
gamosyidvebiT. daaxloebiT 300 TanamSromeli daTanxmda daetovebina kompania
2000 laris kompensaciis sanacvlod. Tumca darCenil TanamSromelTa ricxvi
(daaxloebiT 2000) mainc aRemateba savaraudo optimums 600-s. kompaniis ori ZiriTadi
problemidan erT-erTia mosaxleobis dabali gadaxdisunarianoba. Tumca, rogorc Cans,
gadauxdelobis
ZiriTadi
mizezi
argadaxdaa
da
ara
realuri
uunaroba. es problema gadaiWreba eleqtroenergiis mricxvelebis binebidan dacul
sadarbazoebSi gataniT. es gegma unda ganxorcieldes kompaniis xarjebiT da
dasruldes 2001 wels. meore ZiriTadi problemaa momwodeblebi _ saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaSi myofi eleqtrogeneraciis kompaniebi. maTi aRWurvilobis umetesi nawili
moZvelebulia da cudad imarTeba. SeTanxmebebi eleqtroenergiis mowodebis Sesaxeb
imdenad xSirad irRveoda, rom Telasma gamoacxada, rom mas urCevnia eleqtroenergia
sazRvargareT iyidos. Tumca, gazafxulis wvimebTan da eleqtroenergiaze moTxovnis
SemcirebasTan erTad mowodeba gaumjobesda, magram ramden xans gastans aseTi
11
mdgomareoba? mTlianobaSi mocemuli momentisTvis kompaniam bevrad meti daxarja
vidre miiRo. Tavidanve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo, rom sawyis etapze gasavali bevrad
meti iqneboda vidre Semosavali, magram zogierTi problema sakmaod moulodneli
aRmoCnda.
mimdinare angariSi
registrirebulma savaWro brunvam 1998 wels 1243 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina.
eqsporti Semcirda 194 milion aSS dolaramde 250 milionidan 1997 wels. importi
gaizarda 1049 milion aSS dolaramde wina wlis 944 milioni dolaridan1. mimdinare
angariSis muxlebis cvlilebebi mSp gamoxatulebaSi mocemulia cxrilSi 2.4.
cxrili 2.4: mimdinare angariSis muxlebi rogorc mSpmSp-s wili.
(procenti)
1995
1996
importi
-24.8
-15.1
eqsporti
10.1
8.2
savaWro balansi
-14.7
-6.9
faqtoruli
-2.1
-1.6
momsaxureba
arafaqtoruli
0.2
0.1
momsaxureba
transfertebi
4.0
1.9
mimdinare
-12.7
-6.5
angariSi
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti/ sem-is gamoTvlebi
19951995-1998
1997
-21.4
7.7
-13.7
2.6
1998
-23.4
6.0
-17.4
2.8
-3.0
-0.7
4.0
-10.1
4.2
-11.0
saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri reformebis da savaWro reJimis liberalizaciis
dawyebidan sagareo baWroba gaormagda. amave dros, vaWrobis liberalizaciam
ekonomika bevrad ufro mgrZnobiare baxada gare movlenebis mimarT. saerTaSoriso
savaluto fondis daxmarebiT laris gacvliTi kursi stabulurad iyo SenarCunebuli
sam welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi, rac namdvilad ar uwyobda xels saqarTvelos
saeqsporto potencialis ganviTarebas. 1998 wels eqsportma savaWro brunvis mxolod
15 procenti Seadgina (energiis garda). 1999 wlis dasawyisSi eqsportis wili
vaWrobaSi gaizarda, magram es importis Semcirebis Sedegia. eqsportis rogorc mSp-s
wilis Semcireba aseve gagrZelda 1998 wels. rogorc Cans, eqsportis SesaZleblobis
srulad
gamoyenebas
sakmao
dro
sWirdeba.
amasTan
erTad,
saqarTvelos
umniSvnelovanesi (da uaxloesi) saeqsporto bazari – ruseTi – TviTon gaxda bevrad
konkurentunariani. eqsportis zrda unda moxdes ufro daSorebul da metad momTxovn
bazrebze. marketinguli gamocdilebis deficiti erT-erTi yvelaze seriozuli
faqtoria, rac aferxebs qarTul sawarmoebs ipovnon TavianTi niSa globalur
ekonomikaSi.
importis zrdis Seneleba ar unda mivaweroT importze fizikuri moTxovnis
Semcirebas. ruseTidan importis SemTxvevaSi, daeca Semotanili saqonlis sabaJo
Rirebuleba, rac ar asaxavs fizikur moculobas. 1998 wlis meore naxevarSi importi
umniSvnelod aRemateboda wina wlis Sesabamisi periodis maCvenebels. rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, 1999 wlis dasawyisSi importi klebas ganicdida, magram wamaxalisebeli
1
monacemebSi ar aris CarTuli energiisa da sazRvrispira vaWroba.
12
tabiluroba
niSania is, rom kleba ZiriTadad samomxmareblo saqonelze modis da ara ZiriTad
saSualebebze. navTobis did proeqtebTan dakavSirebuli importi gaizarda kidec.
meores mxriv, samomxmareblo importis Semcireba did danakargebs gamoiwvevs
biujetisTvis: sabaJo gadasaxadi da aqcizi ZiriTadad samomxmareblo saqonelzea
mimarTuli. aqcizuri Semosavlebi ZiriTadad benzinze da Tambaqoze modis. aqcizuri
markebis SemoReba Tambaqoze da alkoholur sasmelebze dRis wesrigSi iyo ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi. rogorc Cans, es imdenad didi dro aRmoCnda, rom importiorebi
seriozulad ar aRiqvamdnen am SesaZleblobas. 1999 wlis dasawyisSi aqcizuri
markebis SemoRebam Tambaqos mowodebaSi krizisi gamoiwvia. Tambaqos importi daeca da
biujetis Sesrulebas kidev erTi safrTxe Seeqmna.
importis da eqsportis amgvari ganviTarebis Sedegad 1998 wels savaWro
deficiti kvlav gaizarda rogorc nominalur (855 milioni aSS dolari) aseve mSp-s
(17,4 procenti) gamosaxulebaSi. mTavrobis valic mSp-ze Cqara izrdeboda (ixile
qvemoT qveTavi kapitalis angariSi). es garkveul safrTxes uqmnis qveynis
saerTaSoriso gadaxdisunarianobas. rac ar unda mondomebuli iyos mTavroba
droulad gadaixados saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis momsaxurebis Tanxebi, male
SeiZleba miRweul iqnes mdgomareoba roca qveynis myari valutis Semosavlebis
udidesi nawilis sazRvargareT gadaxda iqneba saWiro. es, Tavis mxriv, safrTxes
Seuqmnis erovnuli valutis stabilurobas. mimdinare angariSis gasaumjobeseblad
seriozuli yuradReba unda mieqces momsaxurebiT vaWrobis ganviTarebas.
arafaqtoruli momsaxurebis balansi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda 1997 wlis
Semdeg. maSin roca 1997 wels wminda gasavalma 148 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina, 1998
wels sazRvargareT gadaxdili iyo mxolod 35 milioni aSS dolari. miuxedavad imisa,
rom aq balansi mainc uaryofiTia, gaumjobeseba miuTiTebs imaze, rom momsaxureba is
sferoa sadac ucxour finansur da teqnikur daxmarebas meti Sedegis gamoReba
SeuZlia, vidre saqonlis eqsportis SemTxvevaSi. faqtoruli momsaxurebis angariSi
mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda da 140 milion aSS dolars miaRwia wina wlis 128 milion
aSS dolarTan SedarebiT. igive Seexeba transfertebis angariSs, romelic 196
milioni aSS dolaridan 210 milion aSS dolaramde gaizarda. am or angariSSi
Semosavlebis didi nawili ruseTSi momuSave qarTvelebze modis2. ruseTSi
ganviTarebuli krizisis Sedegad maT mier dakarguli Semosavlebi rom ara, bolo
ori angariSis gaumjobeseba SeiZleba ufro mniSvnelovani yofiliyo.
kapitalis angariSi
1998 wels moxda saqarTvelos evrokavSiris valis restruqturizacia. realurad
131 milioni ekius vadagadacilebuli krediti refinansirebul iqna 110 milioni ekius
kreditiT, romlis gadaxdac unda moxdes 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi 10-wliani SeRavaTiani
periodiT. damatebiT miRebul iqna pirveli 10 milioni ekius granti sagareo valis
Sesamsubuqebeli grantebis seriidan. garda amisa, moxda TurqeTis 54 milioni aSS
dolaris moculobis kreditis restruqturizacia.
13
1998 wlis bolosTvis SeTanxmebuli ucxouri kreditebis jamurma moculobam
1865 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina, saidanac 225 milioni aSS dolari jer ar iqna
aTvisebuli. cxrilSi 2.5 mocemulia ucxouri kreditebis detaluri gaSla. yofili
sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebze mTliani moculobis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedi modis,
saidanac 62 procenti TurqmeneTis valia. daaxloebiT 184 milioni aris ara krediti,
aramed savaWro davalianebebi, romlebic ucbad dagrovda sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis
Semdeg da CaTvlil iqna saxelmwifo valad.
cxrili 2.5: SeTanxmebuli da aTvisebuli kreditebi 1998 wlis 31 dekembris
mdgomareobiT
(milioni aSS dolari)
kreditori
ruseTi
179.27
179.27
procenti
mTlianSi
9.6
somxeTi
19.59
19.59
1.1
azerbaijani
16.19
16.19
0.9
yazaxeTi
27.77
27.77
1.5
393.57
393.57
21.1
TurqmeneTi*
uzbekeTi
SeTanxmebuli aTvisebuli
1
1
0.1
ukraina
0.92
0.92
0.0
avstria
92.27
92.26
4.9
3.49
3.49
0.2
germania
65.24
48.77
3.5
TurqeTi
54.34
54.34
2.9
irani
12.83
12.83
0.7
CineTi
aSS
35
34.91
1.9
evrokavSiri
128.93
128.93
6.9
ssf
304.77
304.77
16.3
msoflio banki
373.27
284.82
20.0
ergb
99.85
32.91
5.4
agsf
6.62
0.98
0.4
seTf**
47.1
0
2.5
sahaero moZraobis
kontroli***
sul
2.91
2.91
0.2
1,864.92
1,640.22
wyaro: finansTa saministro
* TyrqmeneTis validan 20 milioni aSS dolari gadaxdil iqna 1998 wels.
** iaponiis sazRvargareTTan ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis fondi
*** saxelmwifo garantia aSS-s sahaero moZraobis kontrolis kreditisTvis
100.0
rac Seexeba 1998 wels aTvisebul kreditebs, maTma jamurma moculobam 153
milioni aSS dolari Seadgina saidanac 23 milioni iyo saxelmwifo garantiis qveS
gacemuli kerZo komerciuli kreditebi.
qvemoT mocemulia miRebuli saxelmwifo kreditebi:
•
•
•
2,4 milioni aSS dolari germaniis aRmSeneblobis bankidan (KfW )
1,1 milioni aSS dolari soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso
fondidan (IFAD)
14,8 milioni aSS dolari amerikis sasursaTo-sasaqonlo korporaciidan
2
faqtoruli momsaxurebis angariSSi aisaxeba saqarTvelos gareT (ZiriTadad ruseTSi) mokle vadiT
momuSave qarTvelebis Sromis anazRaureba, xolo transfertebis kategoria asaxavs realur fulad
gzavnilebs maTgan vinc saqarTvelos gareT weliwadze met xans muSaobs.
14
tabiluroba
•
•
74,8 milioni aSS dolari msoflio bankidan
36,7 milioni aSS dolari saerTaSoriso savaluto fondidan
saxelmwifo garantiiT gamoiyo Semdegi kreditebi:
•
•
11,5 milioni aSS dolari evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankidan
11,5 milioni aSS dolari germaniis aRmSeneblobis bankidan
miRebuli kreditebi gamoyenebul iqna Semdegi miznebisTvis:
•
•
•
•
•
laris gacvliTi kursis SenarCuneba – 36,7 milioni aSS dolari ssf-dan
energetikis seqtori – 46,6 milioni aSS dolari
soflis meurneoba – 6,6 milioni aSS dolari
sabanko seqtoris ganviTareba - 11 milioni aSS dolari
biujetis defocitis dafinanseba 20,7 milioni aSS dolari
1998 wels SeTanxmebul iqna Semdegi kreditebi:
•
•
•
•
41,1
milioni
aSS
dolari
iaponiis
sazRvargareTTan
ekonomikuri
TanamSromlobis fondis krediti energetikis seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis
15 milioni aSS dolari - amerikis sasursaTo-sasaqonlo korporacia
ori krediti germaniis aRmSeneblobis bankidan: 2,75 milioni aSS dolari
mikrokreditebis bankis proeqtis dafinanseba, 8 milioni aSS dolari gadamcemi
xazebis proeqtis dafinanseba.
msoflio bankis sami krediti: 19,6 milioni aSS dolari socialuri
investiciebis fondisTvis, 4,6 milioni aSS dolari kulturuli memkvidreobis
proeqtisTvis, da 2,5 milioni aSS dolari transportis saministros
restruqturizaciisTvis.
15
Tavi mesame.
1998 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad Semosavlebs mTlianad 752,1 milioni
lari unda Seedgina, maSin roca xarjebze 950,5 milioni lari iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.
Sesabamisad, deficiti ganisazRvra 188,4 milioni lariT saidanac 119 milioni
adgilobrivi
wyaroebidan unda yofiliyo miRebuli. realurad 1998 wlis
Semosavlebma, ucxouri grantebis CaTvliT, 621,9 milioni lari Seadgina, rac 130
milioni lariT naklebia dagegmilze. Sesabamisad, realuri xarjebi 797,3 milion
laramde Semcirda, rac Tavdapirveli gegmis 86 procents Seadgens. ekonomikuri
statistika saqarTveloSi kvlavac sakmaod saeWvoa iseT sakiTxebSic ki rogoricaa
biujetis Sesrulebis winanswari maCveneblebi. amis damadasturebelia Seusabamoba
teqstSi moyvanil ricxvebs (romelic, aRebulia finansTa saministros wliuri
angariSidan), cxrilSi 3.1 moyvanil biujetis Sesrulebis maCveneblebs (statistikis
departamenti) da danarTSi A3.1 da A3.2 mocemul maCveneblebs ( finansTa saministro)
Soris. es ukanaskneli yvelaze gviandelia da sagulisxmoa rom yvelaze sandoa.
cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Sesruleba. 1998
1998
1997
1998, rogorc
19971997-is procenti
saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi da grantebi
674,3
740,5
91,1
centraluri biujetis Semosavlebi
448,6
578,3
77,6
sagadasaxado Semosavlebi
331,0
484,6
68,3
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi
70,6
67,7
104,3
kapitaluri Semosavlebi
47,0
26,0
181,0
specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis Semosavlebi
158,2
128,1
123,5
grantebi
67,5
34,2
197,8
saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi da wminda
812,0
844,6
96,1
centraluri biujetis xarjebi
625,9
677,4
92,4
specialuri saxelmwipo fondebis xarjebi
186,1
167,1
111,4
saxelmwifo biujetis balansi (deficiti)
-137,7
-104,0
dakrediteba
saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi
1998 wlis biujetis kanonis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebs 752
milioni lari unda Seedgina saidanac 582 milioni lari centralur biujetze
modioda. 1999 wlis 1 ianvrisTvis mobilizebuli iyo mxolod 622 milioni lari, rac
imas niSnavs rom biujetis Semosavlebi gegmas 130 milioni lariT CamorCa.
adgilobrivi wyaroebidan biujetSi Sevida 591 milioni lari (gegmis 82 procenti).
amis ZiriTadi mizezi gaxda sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Semcireba, romlebic 113
milioni lariT CamorCeboda 443 milioni laris gegmas.
sagadasaxado Semosavlebi aramarto gegmas CamorCeboda aramed Semcirda 1997
welTan SedarebiT rogorc absolutur, aseve fardobiT maCveneblebSi. 1998 wels
16
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #1
sagadasaxado Semosavlebma 330 milioni lari (mTliani Semosavlebis 56 procenti)
Seadgines 1997 wlis 353 milion larTan (mTliani Semosavlebis 64 procenti)
SedarebiT. zogadi ekonomikuri garemos Sesabamisad (ixile Tavi pirveli)
mdgomareobam gauareseba daiwyo meore kvartalSi. Semosavlebis 19-procentian zrdas
pirvel kvartalSi mohyva mxolod 10 procentiani jamuri zrda meore kvartalSi da 3
procentiani jamuri zrda cxra Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
gadasaxadebis mokreba Seferxda rogorc adgilobrivi biznesidan, aseve
importidan da am mxriv didi gansxvaveba ar yofila regionebs Soris. aqedan SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom Seferxebis mizezebi zogadad ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi unda veZeboT
da ara gadasaxdebis administraciaSi. Tumca am mosazrebis sawinaaRmdego sabuTic
arsebobs. finansTa saministros angariSis Tanaxmad sagadasaxdo davalianebebi Zalian
gaizarda. es imas niSnavs, rom gadasaxadebi gadaxdili unda yofiliyo, magram ar
gadaixades da Sesabamisad problema administraciul xasiaTs atarebs. davalianebam
sagadasaxado samsaxurisTvis 271 milion lars miaRwia, rac 162 milioni lariT
aRemateba wina wlis Sesabamis maCvenebels.
cxrili 3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi regionebis mixedviT. 1998
regioni
imereTi
samegrelo da zemo svaneTi
qvemo qarTli
kaxeTi
guria
samcxe-javaxeTi
Tbilisi
biujeti
Sesruleba
Sesruleba
(%)
24,8
18,2
25,0
12,2
3,2
7,2
235,4
21,5
17,6
22,5
11,1
2,6
6,1
138,2
86,7
96,7
90,0
91,0
81,0
84,8
84,2
gadamowmebuli sabiujeto gegmis Tanaxmad sagadasaxado inspeqcias 201 milioni
lari unda moekriba 443 milioni laris sagadasaxado Semosavlebidan. aqedan
mokrebil iqna 167 milioni lari (83 procenti). warumateblobis mizezi iyo
arapirdapiri gadasaxadebis, dRg-s da aqcizis, araadeqvaturi (biujetTan mimarTebaSi)
Segroveba. am gadasaxadebis Segroveba Sesabamisad 25 da 33 procentiT CamorCa gegmas
maSin roca sxva gadasaxadebis umetesoba (pirdapiri, Teoriulad ufro Znelad
mosakrebi da biujetisTvis naklebad mniSvnelovani) damakmayofileblad Segrovda.
saSemosavlo (20,4 milioni lari) da mogebis
(39,2 milion lari) gadasaxadebi
dagegmilze ukeT iqna mikrebili, Sesabamisad 2 da 9 procentiT meti. saSemosavlo
gadasaxadis kargi mokrebis maCvenebeli specialur yuradRebas imsaxurebs. aqamde am
muxliT Segrovebuli Semosavlebi ZiriTadad saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa
xelfasebidan avtomaturi gadaricxvebiT ivseboda. is faqti rom gadasaxadi mokrebil
iqna miuxedavad xelfasebis gadauxdelobisa saxelmwifo seqtorSi, miuTiTebs imaze,
rom sagadasaxado bazis gasafarToeblad axali resursebi gamoinaxa.
103 milioni lari (167 milionis 62 procenti) Segrovda msxvil gadamxdelTa
inspeqciis mier, rac dagegmilis 71 procents Seadgens. umsxvilexi Semomtanebi iyvnen
saqarTvelos telekomi (6,2 milioni lari), rkinigzis departamenti (6 milioni lari),
foTis savaWro porti (4,8 milioni lari), sastumro metexi (4,4 milioni lari) da
saqenergo (4,3 milioni lari).
17
sabiujeto Semosavlebi sabaJo samsaxuridan kidev ufro naklebi iyo vidre
adgilobrivi Semosavlebi. sabaJo departamentis mier mokrebilma sabaJo gadasaxadma,
dRg-m da aqcizma erTad 163 milioni lari Seadgina, rac gegmaze 33 procentiT
naklebia. aqcizis Segroveba gansakuTrebiT dabali iyo (gansakuTrebiT Tambaqos
produqtebze da sawvavze) da 23 milioni lari Seadgena, roca dagegmili iyo 90
milioni. Semosavlebi dRg-s xaziT (imave gegmiT) bevrad ukeT Segrovda da 80 milioni
lari Seadgina. 58 milioni lari moikriba sabaJo gadasaxadis xaziT, rac gegmas 4
milioni lariT CamorCeba.
nax. 3.1: importi da misi dabegvra 1996 – 1998
35000
350
aqcizi importze
sabaJo gadasaxadi
300
dRg importze
importi
25000
250
kkk
20000
200
15000
150
10000
100
5000
50
0
milioni aSS dolari (importi)
aTasi lari (gadasaxadebi
30000
0
96 Ikv
96 II kv 96 III kv 96 IV kv 97 I kv
97 II kv 97 III kv 97 IV kv
98 I kv
98 II kv
98 III kv 98 IV kv
rogorc sem-is wina gamoSvebebSi araerTxel iyo aRniSnuli, sagadasaxado
dagegmvis meTodebi saqarTveloSi ukiduresad arasandoa, amitom gegmis Sesrulebis
maCvenebeli
ar
SeiZleba
gamoviyenoT
sagadasaxado
inspeqciisa
da
sabaJo
departamentis muSaobis Sesafaseblad. importis Sefasebis problema bevrad did
gavlenas axdens biujetze vidre sabaJo samsaxuris araefeqturoba. amasTan, rogorc
Cans, ar moqmedebs tranzitis kontrolis sistema (raoden paradoqsuladac ar unda
mogveCvenos es saqarTvelos satranzito potencialze damyarebuli imedebis fonze).
rogorc Cans, ar arsebobs imis garantia, rom saqoneli romelic saqarTveloSi
Semodis satranzito statusiT xelmeored gadakveTs sazRvars da saqarTvelodan gava.
da bolos, saqarTvelos sazRvari ar aris mTlianad sakmarisad daculi imisTvis rom
aRikveTos kontrabanda.
1998 wels arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis xaziT 72 milioni lari Segrovda
dagegmili 78 milioni laris nacvlad. am Tanxis naxevarze odnav meti iyo erovnuli
bankidan gadmoricxuli mogeba, romelic mimarTul iqna erovnuli bankis mimarT
davalianebis dasafarad.
miRebuli Semosavlebi dagegmils aRemateboda mxolod kapitaluri Semosavlebis
SemTxvevaSi. miRebul iqna 47 milioni lari maSin roca mosalodneli iyo 25 milioni
laris miReba. am Tanxidan 32 milioni lari miRebul iqna dekemberSi Tbilisis
18
eleqtroenergiis gamanawileblis “Telasis” privatizaciis Sedegad. unda aRiniSnos,
rom winaswar Zalian Znelia privatizaciis Semosavlebis miaxloebiTi gamoTvlac ki,
radgan sawarmoebis privatizacia xdeba auqcionis an tenderis saSulebiT da
moTxovna TiTqmis araprognozirebadia.
kapitaluri Semosavlebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa saxelmwifos
sakuTrebaSi myofi aqciebidan miRebuli dividentebi. 1999 wels am xaziT miRebuli iyo
233 aTasi lari, rac Zalian mcire Tanxaa Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sxelmwifo jer
kidev gamoSvebuli aqciebis 60 procents flobs. rogorc Cans, saxelmwifo sakuTrebis
marTvis mniSvnelovani gaumjobesebaa saWiro. aseve, sagadasaxado inspeqciam garkveuli
saganmanaTleblo samuSao unda Caataros, vinaidan arsebobs SemTxvevebi roca
saxelmwifos sakuTrbaSi myofi sawarmoebi saxelmwifosTvis gadasaxdel dividentebs
mogebis gadasaxadSi Tvlian.
ucxouri grantebi aseve dagegmilze meti iqna miRebuli (savaraudod laris
gaufasurebis gamo). miRebul iqna 15 milioni laris ori granti - evrokavSiridan da
niderlandebidan.
samma specialurma saxelmwifo fondma 156 milioni laris Segroveba moaxerxa
dagegmili 184 milioni laris nacvlad. yvelaze cudi maCvenebeli socialuri
uzrunvelyofis fonds hqonda, romelmac gegma daaxloebiT 80 procentiT Seasrula.
am fondis mimarT davalianebam daaxloebiT 90 milion lars miaRwia. benzinze aqcizis
60 procentamde awevam saSualeba misca sagzao fonds dagegmilze 1,6 milioni lariT
meti Semosavali mieRo.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Semosavlebis daaxloebiT 10 procenti ar iyo realurad
miRebuli ekonomikuri agentebisgan aramed gabaTilebul iqna saxelmwifos an mesame
piris valis winaaRmdeg. aseTi CaTvlis meqanizmi
SemoRebul iqna imisTvis, raTa
strategiulad mniSvnelovani sawarmoebi (magaliTad energetika) ar darCeniliyvnen
samuSao kapitalis gareSe. Tumca aseTi CaTvlebis praqtika azaralebs saxelmwifo
fondebis xarjebis nawils. es praqtika unda Sewydes 1999 wlis bolosTvis ssf-s
moTxovniT.
xarjebi
saxelmwifo Semosavlebis nakleboba bunebrivia aisaxa saxelmwifos xarjebis
maCveneblebSi. bolo Sesworebuli saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad xarjebze (wina
wlis davalianebasTan erTad) 930 milioni lari iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, saidanac 760
milioni lari centralur biujetze modioda. realurad daixarja 779 milioni lari,
saidanac centralur biujetze modioda 657 milioni lari. Sesabamisad saxelmwifo
biujetis xarjebi Semcirda 133 milioni lariT, centraluri biujetis ki - 103
milioni lariT. biujetis daculi muxlebis mimarT 90 milioni laris davalianeba
gadavida 1999 wlis biujetSi.
qvemoT moyvanilia davalianebis Semadgenloba: 24 milioni laris xelfasi ar
gadauxades saxelmwifo seqtoris daqiravebulebs. es mTliani gadasaxdeli Tanxis 26
19
procentia. 16 milioni laris davalianeba modis socialur xarjebze, rogoricaa
pensiebi, stipendiebi da a.S. adgilobrivma organoebma miiRes 32 milioni lari
nacvlad Sepirebuli 40 milionisa. saxelmwifo dafinansebaze myofma jandacvis
programebma 9 milioni lari miiRes, rac dagegmilis 59 procentia. saxelmwifo
samedicino dazRvevis kompania 75 procentiT iqna subsidirebuli da 11 milioni lari
miiRo. bolo ori kategoriisTvis 4,6 milioni lari mxolod dekemberSi gamoinaxa ssfTan konsultaciebis Semdeg. sxva naklebad SesamCnevi saxelmwifo programebis
dafinanseba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. soflis meurneoba, metyeveoba, miwis marTva,
geologia, mSenebloba, garemos dacva, meteorologia da sxva mcire programebi
mxolod 44 procentiT dafinansda. ganaTlebis saministros gadaericxa 1,5 milioni
lariT naklebi rac ZiriTadad skolis maswavleblebis xelfass unda moxmareboda.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT socialuri gadasaxadebis akrefa Zalian sustia.
saxelmwifo sapensio fondis mimarT davalianebam 90 milioni lari Seadgina. aman
gaaCina saWiroeba imisa, rom centraluri biujetidan sapensio fondSi 27 milioni
lari gadaricxuliyo, magram, miuxedavad amisa, 1998 wlis bolosTvis gaucemeli iyo
40 milioni laris pensiebi.
rogorc vxedavT saxelmwifo xarjebi ukiduresad araefeqturia. erT-erTi
yvelaze seriozuli problemaa aragamWvirvaloba, romelic Sedegad gvaZlevs did
davalianebebs daculi muxlebis mimarT, maSin roca zogierTi kapitaluri xarji
Tavdapirveli gegmis Sesabamisia. ra Tqma unda Znelia kapitaluri danaxarjebis didi
mniSvnelobis eWvis qveS dayeneba, magram es ufro advili xdeba roca aseTi xarjebis
didi nawili saministroebis Senobebis remontsa da axal saxelmwifo manqanebze
modis. saxelmwifo Sesyidvebs gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca parlamentis mxridan
1998 wels. dekemberSi Sesabamisi kanoni iqna miRebuli, romelic imedia ufro
gamWvirvales gaxdis saxelmwifo xarjebs. kapitaluri proeqtebis umetesoba
finansdeba
erTjeradi
msxvili
gsdaricxvebiT.
amitom,
roca
sekvesteris
aucilebloba
iqmneba
araferi
rCeba
Sesamcirebeli
xelfasebis
garda.
gadasaxdelebis gabaTilebis praqtika (ixile zemoT Semosavlebi) aRrmavebs
problemas. problemis kidev erTi wyaroa resursebis susti marTva. yvelaze moqnili
iaraRi - saxazino valdebulebebi, gamouyenebeli rCeba.
sabiujeto davalianebebma aramarto socialur sferos Seuqmna siZneleebi
aramed gavlena iqonia biujetis Semosavlebzec. jandacvisa da ganaTlebis
programebis saTanado dafinanseba SeTanxmebuli iyo ssf-Tan da msoflio bankTan. am
SeTanxmebis daucvelobam ucxouri dafinansebis gadavadeba gamoiwvia. msoflio bankis
struqturuli gardaqmnebis kreditis meore tranSi 20 milioni aSS dolari mxolod
axali wlis win iqna miRebuli. 15 milioni laris grantma evrokavSiridan da Telasis
privatizaciam aseve Searbila sxvagvarad katastrofiuli finansuri weliwadi da
SesaZlebeli gaxada prezidentis mier micemuli pirobis Sesruleba, rom erTi Tvis
davalianeba mainc gadaxdili iqneba.
20
centraluri biujetis xarjebi
1998 wlis Sesworebuli biujetis Tanaxmad administraciaze 87 milioni lari
unda daxarjuliyo, rac centraluri biujetis mTliani xarjebis daaxloebiT 10
procentia. am Tanxis daaxloebiT mesamedi iyo xelfasebi, 42 procenti ki gamiznuli
iyo saqonlis Sesyidvasa da momsaxurebaze. gegma 80 procentiT Sesrulda mTliani
biujetis 86 procentian SesrulebasTan SedarebiT. magram aqac ZiriTadad Semcirda
xelfasebi. xelfasis gadaxda 27 procentiT CamorCa gegmas da 17 milioni lari
Seadgina. xarjebis ramodenime mimarTuleba prioritetulad CaiTvala da sxvebze
naklebad CamoiWra. esenia - saqarTvelos saelCoebis dafinanseba (13 milioni lari
gegmis 96 procenti), 1999 wels Casatarebeli mosaxleobis aRweris mosamzadebeli
samuSaoebi (1,5 milioni lari, gegmis 91 procenti), adgilobrivi arCevnebi
(97 procenti). prezidentis regionuli warmomadgenlebis ofisebi 123 procentiT
dafinansda, magram es moicavs mniSvnelovan gadaricxvebs samegreloSi iq momxdar
samxedro destabilizaciasTan dakavSirebiT. prezidentis warmomadgenelTa ofisebi
sxva regionebSi 80 procentiT dafinansda.
nax. 3.2 centraluri biujetis xarjebi kategoriebis mixedviT.
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
sxva xarjebi
sxva ekonomikuri
aqtivoba
transporti da
komunikaciebi
mSenebloba da
mompovebeli
mrewveloba
soflis
meurneoba,
metyeveoba
meTevzeoba
saTbob
energetikuli
kompleqsi
kultura sporti
religia
sabinao
meurneoba
socuzrunvelyofa
jandacva
ganaTleba
kanoni da wesrigi
Tavdacva
-
administracia
50,000
Tavdapirvelad
229
milioni
lari
iyo
gaTvaliswinebuli
socialur
programebze - jandacva, socuzrunvelyofa da dazRveva, ganaTleba, mecniereba,
kultura, masmedia, sporti da a.S. es centraluri biujetis xarjebis daaxloebiT 30
procents Seadgenda. biujetSi Sesworebebis Setanis Semdeg es ricxvi daaxloebiT
igive darCa _ 230 milioni lari. magram socialuri xarjebis struqtura
mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. mravali socialuri xarji rogoricaa ltolvilebis
daxmareba gaizarda da wina wlis davalianebebi ufro srulad iqna aRricxuli. sxva
socialuri programebi Semcirda. wlis bolosTvis daixarja 186 milioni lari, rac
dagegmilis 81 procentia. ganaTlebis dafinansebaze (garda samxedro da policiis
struqturebisa da ganaTlebis programebisa) gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 35,6 milioni
lari _ mTliani xarjebis 4,7 procenti. gadamowmebis Semdeg es ricxvi gaizarda 37
milion laramde (xarjebis 5,4 procenti). sabolood gaweulma xarjebma, miuxedavad am
seqtoris prioritetulobisa, 24 milioni lari Seadgina, rac dagegmilis 66
procentia da mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba centraluri biujetis xarjebis Sesrulebis
maCvenebels - 86 procents. igive bedi gaiziara saxelmwifo jandacvis programebma,
romlebmac 21 milioni lari miiRes Sepirebuli 32 milioni laris nacvlad.
21
mecnierebis programebma 22 milioni laris biujetidan mxolod 13 milioni lari
miiRes.
socialur
xarjebSi
udidesi
kategoriaa
ltolvilebis
daxmareba.
Tavdapirveli ricxvi - 65 milioni lari - ar Secvlila biujetis gadamowmebisas.
realurad daixarja 60 milioni lari, rac dagegmilis 92,5 procentia. pensiebisa da
umuSevrobis daxmarebisaTvis ixile qvemoT specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis
xarjebi.
xarjebi
Tavdapirveli biujetis Tanaxmad 189 milioni lari unda daxarjuliyo
Tavdacvaze, kanonierebaze da wesrigze. bolo gadamowmebuli ricxvi (28 noemberi 1998)
iyo 176 milioni lari. realurma xarjebma 140 milioni lari Seadgina. am Tanxidan 66
milioni lari daixarja Tavdacvaze; 55 milioni lari gadaericxa samarTaldamcav
organoebs; 2,2 milioni lari sasamarTloebs; 17 milioni lari uSiSroebis samsaxurs.
yvela am struqturas mniSvnelovani davalianeba aqvs (mTlianobaSi 24 milioni lari)
Tavisi TanamSromlebis da pensionrebis mimarT. davalianebis dagrovebas xels uwyobs
am sferoSi xarjebis centraluri kontrolis sisuste. Tavdacvis da Sinagan saqmeTa
saministroebs aqvT Sualeduri xazinebi, romelTa kontrolic garTulebulia
finansTa saministros mxridan. es Sedegad iwvevs Tanxebis umarTebulo gadatanas
xarjebis erTi kategoriidan meoreSi. garda amisa, am Sualeduri xazinebidan
finansirdeba zogierTi damoukidebeli sabiujeto erTeuli da Sualeduri xazinis
aradamakmayofilebeli muSaoba azaralebs am erTeulebis muSaobas.
bolo ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo xarjebi ZiriTadad mimarTuli
iyo sazogadoebis aucilebeli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebaze. kapitalur danaxarjebs
mxolod umniSvnelo adgili eWira biujetSi. saxelmwifo kapitaluri investiciebi
Semoifargleboda infrastruqturis sareabilitacio samuSaoebiT. 1998 wels aseTma
kapitaldabandebam 27 milioni lari Seadgina. Tumca, amJamad miRebulia azri, rom
kapitaluri investiciebi unda gaizardos momdevno wlebSi fiskalur sistemaSi
investiciebis Sefasebisa da kontrolis struqturis ganviTarebasTan erTad. es
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi
sawarmoebis
araefeqturobas.
saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaSi
myofi
sawarmoebis
sicocxlisunarianobis gazrda SemdgomSi gaaadvilebs maT privatizacias. magram ra
Tqma unda aranakleb mniSvnelovania kerZo biznesis ganviTarebis mxardaWera.
infrastruqturis naklovanebebis aRmofxvra xelmisawvdomi mwiri resursebis
gamoyenebis saukeTeso saSualebaa.
sagareo valis momsaxurebaze biujetis xarjebis mniSvnelovani nawili modis.
laris dramatuli gaufasurebis Sedegad es xarjebi mosalodnelze meti aRmoCnda,
vinaidan sgareo valis momsaxurebis valdebulebebi denominirebulia aSS dolarebSi
da ara larebSi. 1998 wels sagareo valis momsaxurebaze gadaixades 49,5 milioni
lari, rac mTliani xarjebis 7,5 procentia. am ricxvma mosalodnels 13 procentiT
gadaaWarba. sagareo valis momsaxurebis valdebulebebis Seusrulebloba miuRebeli
iyo, radgan sabolood daangrevda qveynis saerTaSoriso sakredito sandoobas, maSin
roca
ucxouri
daxmarebis
gareSe
SeuZlebelia
ekonomikuri
stabilurobis
SenarCuneba.
22
specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis xarjebi
1998 weli mniSvnelovani reformebis weli iyo sapensio sistemaSi. Seiqmna
gaerTianebuli sistema romelic pasuxismgebelia socialuri uzrunvelyofis Tanxebis
mobilizebaze da mimarTvaze. es struqtura pasuxismgebeli iqneba pensiebis
ganawilebaze, daadgens pensiis miRebis uflebas socialur da samedicino
kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT, aseve daadgens invalidobis xarisxs da a.S. 1998 wlis
bolosTvis sapensio fondis ZiriTadi struqtura Camoyalibda. (sapensio sistemis
Sesaxeb ixileT merve Tavi)
Tavdapirveli biujetis kanoniT sapensio fondis sakuTari Semosavlebi 163
milioni lari unda yofiliyo, xarjebi ki - 190 milioni lari. 27 milioni lari unda
gadmoricxuliyo saxelmwifo biujetidan. roca naTeli gaxda, rom saxelmwifo
Semosavlebi da kerZod fondis Semosavlebi ar iqneba dagegmilis Sesabamisi,
gadamowmebis Sedegad, fondis Semosavlebi (transfertebis CaTvliT) da xarjebi
ganisazRvra 177 milioni laris odenobiT. 1998 wlis bolo kvartalSi fondis isedac
arasakmarisi Semosavlebi katastrofulad Semcirda. 1999 wlis dasawyisisTvis
qveyanaSi gadauxdeli xelfasis moculobam 93 milion lars miaRwia. es fondisTvis 26
milioni laris danakliss niSnavs. 1998 wlis bolosTvis fondis mimarT davalianebam
90 milioni lari Seadgina. am Tanxidan 21 milionis akumulireba 1998 wels moxda.
wlis bolosTvis gadauxdeli iyo 47 milioni laris pensiebi. pensionrebis mimarT
realuri davalianeba odnav naklebia, radganac dekembris pensias Cveulebriv ianvarSi
ixdian.
am davalianebidan 17 milioni lari gadmosulia 1997 wlidan.
mTlianad
qveynisTvis davalianebam sami Tvis pensiis Tanxa Seadgina, zogierT regionSi ki
gadauxdeli darCa Svidi Tvis pensiebi.
mosalodneli iyo rom dasaqmebis fondi moizidavda 4.3 milion lars, rac unda
daxarjuliyo umuSevarTa daxmarebaze (1,9 milioni lari), droebiTi samuSao
adgilebis Seqmnaze (1,1 milioni lari), umuSevarTa gadamzadebaze (0,5 milioni lari),
da organizaciaze (0,8 milioni lari). biujetSi Sesworebebis Setanis Sedegad fondis
Semosavlebis gegma Semcirda 3,7 milion laramde, ZiriTadad, droebiTi samuSao
adgilebis Seqmnis xarjze. realurad fondma 1998 wels 3,2 milioni Semosavali miiRo.
sekvestraciis Sedegad gadasaxdelebi ubralod CamoiWra. umuSebrebma miiRes 1,5
milioni lari, rac misaRebi Tanxis 76 procentia.
adgilobrivi biujeteb
1998 wlis gadamowmebuli biujetiT teritoriul erTeulebs sagadasaxado da
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis saxiT 220 milioni lari unda mieRoT, maTi xarjebi ki
265 milioni laris odenobiT ganisazRvra. teritoriuli erTeulebis biujetebis
saSemosavlo nawilis Sesruleba bevrad ukeTesi iyo centraluri biujetisaze, rac
miuTiTebs, rom adgilobrivi struqturebi ufro mkacrebi arian im Semosavlis
wyaroebze
muSaobaSi
saidanac
uSualod
iReben
Semosavals.
teritoriulma
erTeulebma Seagroves 221 milioni lari, rac 40 procentiT aRemeteba 1997 wlis
maCvenebels. teritoriuli erTeulebis Semosavlebma sxvadasxva saxis transfertebTan
erTad 257 milioni lari Seadgina, rac dagegmilze sami procentiT naklebia.
23
nax. 3.3 adgilobrivi gadasaxadebis Segroveba
7000
I kv
6000
II kv
5000
III kv
4000
IV kv
3000
2000
1000
0
miwis gadasaxadi
bunebrivi
resursebis
gasasaxadi
wonebis
gadasaxadi
garemos
dabinZurebis
gadasaxadi
qonebis gadacemis sxva gadasaxadebi
gadasaxadi
biujetiT gansazRvruli iyo centraluridan adgilobriv biujetebze 37 milioni
laris gadaricxva. am Tanxidan 24 milioni unda daxarjuliyo sxvadasxva kulturul
RonisZiebebze. realurad centraluridan adgilobriv biujetebze 32 milioni lari
gadairicxa, saidanac 2 milioni lari gadairicxa prezidentis specialuri
brZanebulebiT.
24
Tavi meoTxe.
1999
wlis
pirvel
kvartalSi
fuli da finansebi
saqarTvelos
erovnulma
bankma
ganagrZo
Tavisuflad mcocavi savaluto kursis reJimis ganxorcieleba, isaxavda ra miznad
laris nominaluri kursis stabilizaciasa da inflaciis dabali donis SenarCunebas.
1999 wlis pirveli sami Tvis manZilze larisa da aSS dolaris gadacvlis kursi
nakleb stabiluri iyo da 1,7900 - 2,4510 lari/aSS dolars Soris meryeobda, da
saSualod 2,1968 lari/aSS dolars Seadgenda.
laris gaufasurebis Sedegad inflacia
gaizarda da TebervalSi maqsimums (5 procents) miaRwia.
seb-i agrZelebda biujetis deficitis dafinansebis Semcirebis mcdelobas, ris
Sedegadac 1999 wlis martis bolosTvis, mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis done igive
darCa, rac 1998 wlis dekembris bolos. amave dros, erovnul valutaze moTxovna
dabali iyo maSin, rodesac dolarizaciis koeficinti 65 procentis farglebSi
meryeobda. finansuri bazris aqtioba daeca da Tbilisis bankTaSoriso savaluto
birJis
sesiebiTa
sakredito
da
moklevadiani
auqcionebis saerTo
kreditebis
auqcionebiT
brunva mcire iyo: 7-dRiani
Semoifargleboda.
kreditebisaTvis igi
Seadgenda 4,5 milion lars, xolo 30-dRiani kreditebisTvis sul 600 aTas lars. 60 da
90-dRian kreditebze moTxovna ar yofila. M2 fulis multiplikatori 1-is farglebSi
darCa (martSi igi Seadgenda 0,9), rac sust finansur Suamavlobas asaxavda. M3 fulis
multiplikatori 1,3-ze meti iyo.
mTavrobis dafinanseba
cxrili 4.1 centraluri xelisuflebis kreditebi da depozitebi
sabanko sistemaSi
(aTasi lari)
1998
wminda monTxovnebi
centraluri mTavrobisadmi
mTavrobisadmi
seb-is centraluri mTavrobis
dakrediteba
centraluri mTavrobis
depozitebi
depozitebi seb-Si erovnul
valutaSi
depozitebi seb-Si ucxour
valutaSi
depozitebi komerciul
bankebSi
1999
ivn
ivl
agv
seq
oqt
noe
dek
ian
Teb
mar
482,067
516,669
521,768
536,748 537,935
543,896 523,999 527,364
532,142
553,883
493,650
538,057
535,215
547,760
556,160
561,638
541,523
547,512
547,512
570,492
11,583
21,388
13,447
11,012
18,226
17,743
17,524
20,149
15,370
16,610
8,931
9,212
7,195
3,603
7,133
5,464
13,656
15,352
10,297
13,473
2,286
2,360
2,813
2,341
4,124
6,402
3,868
4,797
5,073
3,137
1,666
366
9,816
3,439
5,068
6,968
5,877
4,336
4,715
8,387
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
25
fuli da finansebi
1999
wlis
pirvel
kvartalSi
seb-i
ganagrZobda
biujetis
deficitis
dafinansebis mkacri politikis gatarebas, romelic fasebis swrafi zrdis aRkveTaze
iyo mimarTuli. 1999 wlis ianvarSi seb-ma finansTa saministros sesxis saxiT gamouyo
6 milioni lari, xolo martSi - 23 milioni lari. TebervalSi seb-is sesxi ar
gacemula, xolo mTavrobis
angariSebidan 5 milioni lari daixarja. miRebuli
Tanxis nawiliT finansTa saministrom sagareo valis momsaxureba moaxdina (maT
Soris niderlandebis bankis specangariSze gadairicxa 8 milioni aSS dolari), xolo
darCenili TanxiT dafara seb-is mier adre gacemuli sesxis procenti. amis Sedegad,
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis raodenoba ar Secvlila.
(ix. cxrili A4.3).
saerTaSoriso
mTavrobis
wminda
savaluto
fondis
davalianeba
1998
ESAF-is
wlis
110
programis
milion
Tanaxmad,
laridan
15,5
1999
wels
milionamde
Semcirdeba. garda amisa, seb-s SeuZlia srulad, an nawilobriv, daafinansos mTavroba
im
SemTxvevaSi,
Tu
SAC-is, ESAF-is
da
evrogaerTianebis
dafinansebis
miReba
Seferxdeba. seb-ma gamouSva 70,3 milioni aSS dolaris odenobis Tamasuqi finansTa
saministros
garantiT,
1998
wlis
seqtember-dekembris
krizisis
Semdeg
Tavisi
saerTaSoriso rezervebis danakargebis rekapitalizaciis mizniT.
sesxebisa da depozitebis struqtura da saprocento ganakveTi
aSS dolarebSi sesxebis vadebis struqtura ar Secvlila 1998 wlis ivnisis
Semdeg. ucxour
valutaSi
arsebuli
sesxebis yvelaze did wils (27 procents)
grZelvadiani sesxebi Seadgenda (maTi xangrZlivoba erT wels aRemateboda), radganac
sabanko sistemaSi isev ucxouri kreditebi dominirebs. ucxour valutaSi depozitebis
struqtura Seicvala. 1998 wlis ivnisSi moTxovnamde depozitebi1 Seadgenda saerTo
depozitis 61 procents, magram 1999 wlis martis bolos misi wili 42,2 procentiT
Semcirda.
ucxouri
valutis
sesxisa
da
depozitis
saprocento
ganakveTi
TandaTan
mcirdeboda, amasTan, bankebi amjobinebdnen TavianTi aqtivebis gadayvanas ucxour
valutaSi, rac 1998 wlis seqtembris movlenebis Semdeg, laris kursis dacemis
riskTan iyo dakavSirebuli.
laris anabrebis struqturaSi SeiniSneboda dadebiTi cvlilebebi. 1998 wlis
ivnisSi vadiani anabrebis wili sul 11 procents Seadgenda, xolo 1999 wlis martSi
1
Seicavs depozitebs moTxovnamde, Sesanax depozitebsa da kompaniaTa angariSsworebis angariSebs.
26
fuli da finansebi
am anabrebis wili 21 procenti iyo. magram valutis gacvliT kursTan dakavSirebuli
riskis gamo, bankebi ar iyvnen dainteresebulni lariT gamoxatuli grZelvadiani
anabrebis
mozidvaSi.
1998
wlis
ivnisis
Semdeg
laris
sesxebis
struqtura
mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila.
1999 wlis martSi sarezervo moTxovnebis koeficienti yvelaze maRali iyo da
20.9 Seadgenda, vinaidan komerciul bankebs martis bolomde unda daekmayofilebinaT
sarezervo moTxovnebi. anabrebis dolarizaciis koeficienti kvlav maRali iyo. 1999
wlis pirvel kvartalSi igi aRemateboda 65 procents. pirvel kvartalSi M2 fulis
multiplikatori
kvlav
multiplikatori
1-ze
dabali
naklebi
rCeboda
iyo,
rac
(1-is
dabal
farglebSi).
finansur
martSi
M2
Suamavlobas
fulis
asaxavda.
dekembris Semdeg M3 fulis multiplikatori mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila da 1,3 meti
iyo.
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi laris vadiani anabrebisa da sesxebis saprocento
ganakveTebi klebas asaxavda. sesxebis saprocento ganakveTi TandaTan Semcirda maSin,
rodesac anabrebis ganakveTi mkveTrad daeca jer kidev 1998 wlis noemberSi, rac
ganpirobebuli iyo komerciuli bankebis mcdelobiT daefaraT Tavisi davalianeba 1998
wlis krizisis Semdeg.
nax. 4.1: saprocento ganakveTebi
70%
vadiani depositebi l arebSi
60%
sesxebi erovnul val utaSi
sesxebi ucxour val utaSi
50%
vadiani depositebi ucxour
val utaSi
40%
30%
20%
Teb
dek-98
oqt
agv
ivn
apr
Teb
oqt
agv
ivn
apr
Teb
dek-95
oqt
agv
ivn
apr
Teb
dek-95
0%
dek-97
10%
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki.
1998 wlis seqtembridan larsa da aSS dolarebSi gamosaxul sesxebs Soris
sxvaoba
ufro
gaizarda.
ucxouri
valutis
sesxebi
da
anabrebi
gaZvirda,
rac
27
fuli da finansebi
miuTiTebs laris mimarT arsebul undoblobaze da aseve im faqtze, rom sesxebi
ucxour valutaSi ucxouri kreditebis qvekreditebs warmoadgens.
inflacia da valutis gadacvlis kursi
1999 wlis ESAF programis Tanaxmad seb-i ganagrZobs Tavisufalad mcocavi
savaluto kursis reJimis SenarCunebas. mosalodnelia, rom saqarTvelos erovnuli
banki Tbilisis sabankTaSoriso savaluto birJaze ucxour valutas SeiZens, raTa sami
Tvis
importis
Sesabamisi
saerTaSoriso
rezervis
done
SeinarCunos.
ucxouri
valutis gadacvlis oficialuri kursi yoveldRiurad dafiqsirdeba Tbsb-ze, xolo
sxvaoba oficialur da sabazro kursebs Soris ar unda aRematebodes erT procents.
1998 wlis dekemberSi seb-is mier saxelmwifo biujetis dafinansebis Sedegad
ianvris
pirvel
naxevarSi
laris/aSS
dolaris
nominaluri
kursi
gaizarda
2,18
lari/aSS dolaramde. ianvarSi kursis dacemam moaxdina aseve gavlena fasebzec.
Semdgom laris kursi umniSvnelod gaizarda da 1,96 lari/aSS dolari – 2,11 lari/aSS
dolaris
farglebSi
TebervalSi,
meryeobda. laris maqsimalur
saSualo
Tviuri
kursi
aSS
Seadgenda, xolo 22 Tebervals dafiqsirebul
gaufasurebas adgili
dolarTan
mimarTebaSi
2.2763
hqonda
laris
iqna piki – 2.4510 lari/aSS dolari.
larisa da dolaris nominaluri oficialuri saSualo kursi martSi odnav dabali
iyo vidre TebervalSi (2,2627 lari/aSS dolari, 5 marts piki 2,45 lari/aSS dolars
Seadgenda), rac gamowveuli iyo kvartlis bolosaTvis larze moTxovnis gazrdiT.
seqtembris krizisis Semdeg, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier ucxouri valutis
gadamcvleli
punqtebis
winaaRmdeg
Catarebuli
mkacri
administraciuli
zomebis
Sedegad, pirvel kvartalSi valutis gadacvlis oficialur da sabazro kursebs
Soris sxvaoba xSirad 2 procents aRematteboda (23 Tebervls maqsimalurma sxvaobam
6,9
procents
miaRwia).
es
SeiZleba
ganixilos
rogorc
mravaljeradi
valutis
gacvliTi kursebis praqtika, rac saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis merve muxls
ewinaaRmdegeba. amitom saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma valutis gadacvlis oficialur
da sabazro kursebs Soris 1-2-procentiani sxvaoba unda SeinarCunos.
seb-i ar iRebda monawileobas Tbilisis savaluto birJis auqcionebze ianvarTebervalSi, martSi ki mxolod 201 aTasi aSS dolari SeiZina. martis bolosaTvis
saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis ucxouri valutis rezervebi Seadgenda 110 milion aSS
dolars maSin, rodesac statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebis Tanaxmad,
1999 wlis ianvar-martis importi 141 milion aSS dolars Seadgenda. saqarTvelos
erovnuli bankis mier ucxouri valutis SeZena frTxilad unda ganxorcieldes imis
28
fuli da finansebi
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ucxouri valutis mimoqcevidan amoReba maTi Semdgomi gayidvis
SesaZleblobis gareSe, gamoiwvevs ucxour valutaze moTxovnis gazrdas da laris
nominalur kursze zewolas.
nax 4.2 lari/aSS dolaris gadacvlis nominaluri kursi.
1998 wlis noemberi – 1999 wlis aprili
2 ,8 4
T bs b
lari/aSS dolari
2 ,64
g ad amc vl el ei
pu nqt ebi
2 ,44
2 ,24
2 ,04
1,8 4
1,64
1,44
8.4
.99
23
.3.
99
31
.3.
99
15
.3.
99
5.3
.99
8.2
.99
16
.2.
99
24
.2.
99
29
.1.
99
4.1
.99
13
.1.
99
21
.1.
99
30
.11
.98
8.1
2.9
8
16
.12
.98
24
.12
.98
1,24
miuxedavad
ucxouri
valutis
prognozebi,
erTis
laris
Sida
romlebic
mxriv,
es
gaufasurebisa
bazarze
1999
gacilebiT
sakurso
politikis
mkacri
monetaruli
iyo
wlis
pirvel
ukeTesi
iyo
SecvlasTan
kvartalSi,
vidre
is
pesimisturi
dakavSirebiT
politikisa
da
situacia
pirvel
keTdeboda.
kvartalSi
gadasaxadebis SegrovebaSi miRweuli warmatebebis Sedegi, xolo meores mxriv, sabanko
sistemis gareT arsebuli ucxouri valutis nakadi mokle periodis manZilze, rogorc
Cans, sakmarisi aRmoCnda Tavisuflad mcocavi kursis SenarCunebisaTvis erovnuli
valutis gaufasurebis gareSe.
1998
wlis
dekemberTan
SedarebiT
1999
wlis
pirvel
kvartalSi
inflacia
gacilebiT dabali iyo. miuxedavad amisa, fasebis indeqsi samomxmareblo saqonelze
mkveTrad gaizarda (ianvarSi 2,6 procentiT, TebervalSi 5 procentiT, xolo martSi 1,9
procentiT).
produqtebze,
ianvarSi
sasmelze,
da TebervalSi
Tambaqoze
da
yvelaze metad gaizarda fasebi
sayofacxovrebo
saqonelze.
martSi
kvebis
moxda
fasebis momateba Tambaqoze, bostneulze, adgilobrivad SeZenil sasmelze, zeTsa da
cximze,
xolo
rZis
nawarmsa
da
kvercxze
fasebi
daeca.
martis
monacemebi
ar
iTvaliswinebs aqcizuri markebis SemoRebis gavlenas sigaretisa da alkoholuri
sasmelebis fasebze. TebervalSi fasebis mkveTri zrda (5 procentiT) laris Zlieri
gaufasurebiT iqna gamowveuli (ixileT nax. 4.2).
29
fuli da finansebi
laris realuri gaufasureba aSS dolarTan mimarTebaSi gagrZelda 1999 wlis
ianvarSi, Tebervalsa da martSi, rac Zlier nominalur gaufasurebas asaxavda. es
cvlileba xelsayreli unda iyos qarTveli eqsportiorebisTvis. TebervalSi laris
realuri kursis indeqsi 9 erTeuliT Semcirda, rac nominaluri kursis Zlieri
meryeobis Sedegia,
xolo fasebma 5 procentiT moimata. martSi laris realuri kursi
gaizarda, Tumca ufro dabali iyo, vidre ianvarSi. rusuli rublis dacemis Semdeg,
laris realuri kursi rusul valutasTan mimarTebaSi aseve gaizarda, rac xels
uSlis
eqsportis
ganviTarebas
ruseTSi,
saqarTvelos
mTavar
savaWro
partnior
qveyanaSi.
nax. 4.3: laris gadacvlis realuri kursi
120
1994 w. dekemberi = 100
100
80
60
40
l ari /aSS dol ari
l ari /rubl i
20
0
dek
94
mar
ivn
se q
d ek
95
mar
ivn
s eq
d ek
96
m ar
iv n
s eq
dek
97
ma r
ivn
se q
d ek
98
mar
wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT.
fulis masa
mkacri monetaruli politikis Sedegad, 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi mimoqcevaSi
arsebuli valuta ar Secvlila. ianvarSi farTo fuli, M3, gaizarda 39,1 milioni
lariT, rac asaxavda komerciul bankebs gareT valutis 16 milioni lariT, xolo
ucxouri valutis anabrebis ki 25 milioni lariT zrdas. TebervalSi farTo fuli,
M3, gaizarda mxolod 17 milioni lariT, komerciul bankebs gareT valutis 7
milioni lariT Semcirebisa da ucxouri valutis anabrebis 24 milioni lariT
gazrdis gamo. martSi M3 Semcirda 21 milioni laris odenobiT, vinaidan rogorc
sabanko sistemis gareT arsebuli valuta, aseve ucxouri valutis anabrebic, 13
milioni
da
7
milioni
lariT
Semcirda.
komerciul
bankebSi
arsebuli
laris
anabrebi daeca 1,8 milioni lariT 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi.
30
fuli da finansebi
nax. 4.4:. fulis masa
4 50 ,0 0 0
d ep o z i t e b i u c x o u r
v al u t aS i
d ep o z i t e b i e r o v n u l
v al u t aS i
b an kn o t e b i d a m o n e t eb i
b an keb i s ga r e T
4 0 0 ,0 0 0
3 50 ,0 0 0
M3
aTasi lari
30 0 ,0 0 0
M2
2 50 ,0 0 0
M0
2 0 0 ,0 0 0
150 ,0 0 0
10 0 ,0 0 0
50 ,0 0 0
0
d ek
96
ian
97
T eb
mar
ap r
mai
iv n
ivl
ag v
s eq
oqt
no e
d ek
97
ian
98
T eb
mar
ap r
mai
iv n
ivl
ag v
seq
oqt
no e
d ek
ian
T eb
mar
fuladfulad-sakredito instrumentebi
1998 wlis seqtemberSi sarezervo moTxovnebis 16 procentiT gazrdis Semdeg,
komerciuli bankebis winaSe likvidurobos problema warmoiSva. amasTan dakavSirebiT
saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma 9 wamyvan bankTan erTad xeli moawera gansakuTrebul
memorandums
likvidurobis
mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebis
mizniT,
rac
unda
ganxorcieldes likvidurobis regularuli Sefasebis da SesaZlo depozitebisa da
axali kreditebis gacemis prognozirebis safuZvelze (ixileT sem-is wina nomeri).
imavdroulad,
yvela
komerciuli
banki
valdebuli
iyo
martis
bolosTvis
Seesrulebina sarezervo moTxovnebi (ixileT cxrili 4.2).
cxrili 4.2 monetaruli koeficientebi
1998
1999
ivn
ivl agv
seq oqt noe dek ian
savaldebulo rezervebi / k/bebis sadepozito
valdebulebebi %
k/b-ebis sakorespondento
angariSebi seb-Si / k/b-ebis
sadepozito valdebulebebi %
naRdi fuli k/b-ebSi / k/b-ebis
sadepozito valdebulebebi %
11,8
12,4
11,9
6,9
16,7 16,7 13,0
16,5 19,9 20,9
11,5
8,7
8,6
6,7
10,9 4,8
14,1
8,7
6,3
8,9
10,5
8,9
12,8
9,0
8,7
7,0
8,3
7,6
10,8
k/b-ebis rezervebis saerTo
Tanxa / k/b-ebis sadepozito
valdebulebebi %
dolarizaciis koeficienti %
33,8
30,0 33,3
33,5
33,8 40,6
fulis multiplikatori ( M2)
fulis multiplikatori ( M3)
59,8 61,2
1,04 1,05
1,37 1,37
58,6
1,04
1,36
8,1
32,6 36,3 29,7 34,1
Teb mar
62,9 66,7 68,5 64,9 65,1 65,5 65,7
1,03 0,98 1,01 1,01 1,01 1,00 0,97
1,39 1,37 1,45 1,35 1,34 1,34 1,31
31
fuli da finansebi
sabanko sistemaSi arsebuli krizisis gamo finansuri Suamavloba mkveTrad daeca.
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi sakredito auqcionebi 60 da 90-dRian kreditebze ar
Catarebula maSin, rodesac 1998 wlis pirvel kvartalSi sakredito auqcionebis
moculoba, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monawileobis gareSe, Seadgenda 8.3 milion
lars, 1.2 milion larsa da 1.2 milion lars Sesabamisad 30, 60 da 90 dRiani
kreditebisTvis. es cifrebi miuTiTeben imas, rom 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi
komerciuli bankebi sakredito auqcionebs gamoiyenebdnen mxolod likvidurobis
saWiro donis SenarCunebis mizniT. 7-dRiani kreditebis auqcionebis saerTo brunva
Seadgenda 4,5 milion lars da mxolod 600 aTas lars Seadgenda 30-dRiani kreditebis
auqcionebi. 7-dRiani kreditebis auqcionebze saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma SeiZina
4.2 milioni lari da 30-dRianebze ki 528 aTasi lari.
1999 wlis dasawyisidan saxazino valdebulebebze auqcionebi ar Semdgara, rac
gamowveuli iyo 1999 wlis biujetis dagvianebiT damtkicebiT. 1999 wlis biujetSi
Cadebulia 9,1 milioni laris adgilobrivi dafinanseba saxazino valdebulebebis
meSveobiT da 0,8 milioni lari valis momsaxurebisaTvis, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
savaluto risks, potenciur investorTa mozidvis mizniT saWiroa SemuSavdes laris
gaufasurebis riskis kompensaciis gansakuTrebuli meqanizmi.
CanarTi 4.1
evro
e v r o /a S S d o l a r i
1.2 000
1.18 00
1.1600
1.1400
1.1200
1.1000
1.0 8 0 0
1.0600
1.0400
1.0200
1.0000
4
26
-0
04
12
-
3
29
-0
03
15
-
3
1-0
02
15
-
2
1-0
01
18
-
4-
01
0.9 8 00
wyaro: niderlandegis banki
evro, misi SemoRebisTanave, dolarTan SedarebiT mkveTrad gaufasurda. 5 Tvis
ganmavlobaSi misma vardnam dolarTan mimarTebaSi 12 procents gadaaWarba. amerikis
32
fuli da finansebi
SeerTebuli Statebis ekonomika xasiaTdeba didi zrdiT da, Sesabamisad, Zlieri
dolariTac.
msoflio ekonomikis stabilizacias safrTxe emuqreba, vinaidan erT qveyanas “ar
Seswevs Zala itvirTos mTeli msoflios problemebi”. amitom, G-7 moiTxovs, rom
evropam
xeli
Seuwyos
ekonomikur
zrdas.
germaniam
da
safrangeTma
evropis
centralur banks (ecb-s) mimarTes TxovniT Seemcirebina saprocento ganakveTi, magram
maTi Txivna ar iqna dakmayofilebuli imis safuZvelze, rom aseTi politikuri
zewola miuRebelia evros imijisTvis.
ecb-s
zogierTi
miaCnia,
rom
investoris
evro,
azriT,
misi
evros
SemoRebis
kursis
Semdeg,
dacema
zogadad
asaxavs
disproporcias da warmoadgens evropis konkurentunarianobis
stabiluri
ekonomikuri
iyo.
ciklis
xelSemwyob pirobas.
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi amtkicebs, rom evros sisuste sagangaSo ar aris.
magram
zogierTi
eqspertis
azriT,
“evros
ar
gaaCnia
zusti,
Sida
moTxovnis
aRsadgenad saWiro, yvela instrumenti”.
ra SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi?
evro SeiZleba kvlavac daeces, gansakuTrebiT fiskaluri politikis Sesustebis
SemTxvevaSi da evro zonaSi ndobis dakargvis gamo. Tumca, biujetSi Semosavlebis
siWarbis miuxedavad, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi kvlav ganicdian savaWro da
mimdinare angariSebis did deficits, rac uaxloes momavalSi dolaris Sesustebas
gamoiwvevs, ris Sedegadac evros kursi aiwevs.
33
Tavi mexuTe. infrastruqtura da regionuli ganviTareba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ekonomikuri strategiis erT-erT umTavres amocanas
warmoadgens is, rom qveyanas mieniWos savaWro kvanZis roli saerTaSoriso savaWro
gzebze,
romlebic
akavSireben
Sua
aziasa
da
kontinentur
evropas
(aRmosavleT-dasavleTis
gza)
da
agreTve
ruseTsa
da
axlo
aRmosavleTs
(CrTiloeT-samxreTis gza), rac satransporto da sakomunikacio infrastruqturis
intensiur ganviTarebas moiTxovs.
saqarTvelos Sida ekonomikis ganviTarebisTvis regionebs Soris arsebuli
geografiuli sxvaobebi metad mniSvnelovan faqtorebs warmoadgenen. regionuli
ekonomikis ganviTarebis mTavari sakiTxebi, niadagisa da klimatis garda (rac cxadia,
mniSvnelovan faqtorebs warmoadgenen, gansakuTrebiT soflis meurneobisTis), Sida
infrastruqturasac moicavs, rac ara mxolod satransporto da sakomunikacio
kavSirebs gulisxmobs, aramed dasaxlebisa da samrewvelo obieqtebis Tavmoyris
modelebsac. qveynis zogadi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis gaanalizebisas, saerTo
erovnuli statistikuri monacemebis ganxilvasTan erTad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
informaciis Seswavlas regionebis mixedviT.
satranzito vaWroba
satranzito vaWrobis Sesaxeb arsebuli statistikuri monacemebi saimedo wyaros
ar warmoadgens, nawilobriv imis gamo, rom gadasaxadebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT,
aratranzituli importis didi nawilis registrireba xdeba satranzito saqonlis
saxiT. miuxedavad amisa, sxvadasxva wyaroebidan miRebuli informacia (magaliTad,
monacemebi tvirTbrunvis Sesaxeb, Savi da kaspiiis zRvis navsadgurebidan) imaze
miuTeTebs, rom satranzito vaWroba marTlac swrafad izrdeba. dRes saqarTvelos
teritoriaze gadis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Semdegi mTavari satranzito gzebi:
kaspiis zRvispira qveynebis eqsporti azerbaijanis dasavleTidan saavtomobilo
da sarkinigzo gzebiT Semodis, Semdeg ki Tbilisi-quTaisis magistralisa da Sav
zRvaze mdebare baTumisa da foTis navsadgurebis gavliT (xolo 1999 wels, agreTve
foTis samxreTiT mdebare sufsis terminalis navTobsadeniT) Savi da xmelTaSua
zRvebis regionSi miemarTeba. es trasekas mTavari gzaa, romelic uZveles abreSumis
gzas miuyveba. dResdReobiT, am gzaze navTobi umniSvnelovanes satranzito saqonels
warmoadgens, radganac kaspiis zRvispira qveynebidan Savi da xmelTaSua zRvis
regionSi sxva tipis eqsportis ganxorcielebas gacilebiT meti dro sWirdeba.
amasTan, satranzito vaWroba sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT, rogorc Cans, SedarebiT
mcire moculobisaa; gamonakliss warmoadgens TurqeTi, saidanac eqsporti Savi zRvis
navsadgurebiT ki ara, saxmeleTo gziT Semodis.
TurqeTis eqsporti baTumi-quTaisi-Tbilisis magistraliT aRmosavleTisken
igzavneba azerbaijanSi da kaspiis zRvispira sxva qvexnebSi. am gzas ganviTarebis
kargi perspeqtiva gaaCnia, miTumetes, rom ukve dasrulda saremonto samuSaoebis didi
34
nawili, romelic saqarTvelo-TurqeTis sazRvarze saxmeleTo gzis gafarToebas
iTvaliswinebda. saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris vaWrobis ganviTarebis maRali done
miRweuli winsvlis erT-erT niSans warmoadgens: Tu ki im dros, rodesac saqrTvelom
damoukidebloba moipova, TurqeTi misi mcire savaWro
partniori iyo, dRes igi
saqarTvelos wamyvani partnioris adgilze metoqeobas uwevs ruseTs. saqarTveloSi es
zRvispira magistrali trasekas gzas uerTdeba. qveynis samxreT-dasavleTiT
grZeldeba TurqeTTan kavSirebis ganviTareba. gza baTumsa da trabzons Soris mTavar
damakavSirebel arxs warmoadgens. garda amisa warmatebiT mimdinareobs axalqalaqsa(samcxe-javaxeTi) da yarss (Crdilo-aRmosaavleT TurqeTi) Soris dagegmili
sarkinigzo xazis mSenebloba.
somxeTis eqsporti CrdiloeTiT erevani-Tbilisis saavtomobilo magistralze
gadis, Semdeg dasavleTiT trasekas mTavar gzas miuyveba Savi da xmelTaSua zRvis
qveynebSi. am gzaze satranzito tvirTis nawilis transportireba, rogorc Cans, aseve
rkinigziTac xdeba, magram Cven misi moculobis gansazvrisTvis saWiro statistikuri
monacemebiT ar gagvaCnia. erevani-Tbilisis mimarTulebiT saavtomobilo da
sarkinigzo kavSirebs ganviTarebis kargi potenciali gaaCnia (ix. agreTve sarkinigzo
da saavtomobilo gzebi).
somxeTis importi Savi da xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebidan aRmosavleTiT trasekas
mTavar gzas miuyveba da Tbilisidan samxreTiT miemarTeba erevanSi. iseve rogorc
eqsportis SemTxvevaSi, importis garkveuli nawilis transportireba, rogorc Cans,
rkinigziTac xdeba.
somxeTormxrivi
vaWroba,
CrdiloeT-samxreTis
mimarTulebiT,
somxeT-ruseTis
xorcieldeba saqarTvelos samxedro gziT, romlis ganviTarebis potenciali,
kavkasionze arsebul yvela sxva saavtomobilo gzis msgavsad, SezRudulia rTuli
reliefis gamo. xolo meores mxriv, gazsadeni ruseTis federaciidan saqarTveloSi
am gzas miuyveba da misi Semdgomi gafarToveba SesaZloa (momavalSi, Tu ruseTsa da
irans Soris vaWroba ganviTarda, am gzas SeiZleba meti mniSvneloba mieniWos).
saqarTvelos
teritoriaze
satranzito
vaWrobis
modeli
nawilobriv
geopolitikuri faqtorebis zegavleniT iqna Camoyalibebuli. pirvel rigSi, mTiani
yarabaxis Taobaze uTanxmoebis gamo, TurqeTi da azerbaijani sakmaod didi
warmatebiT agrZeleben somxeTis ekonomikur blokadas. somxeTs zRva ar gaaCnia,
xolo iranze gavliT satranzito gzebis ganviTarebis perspeqtiva Zalze sustia
(miTumetes, rom aSS-Tan mWidro kavSirebi xels ar uwyobs investiciebs iranSi).
amrigad, saqarTvelo warmoadgens erTaderT saxmeleTo gzas, romliTac dResdReobiT
somxeTis import-eqsportis udidesi nawilis transportireba xdeba. rogorc Cans,
azerbaijani da TurqeTi, mTiani yarabaxis konfliqtis mogvarebamde, ar apireben
somxeTTan damakavSirebeli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis perspeqtivis ganxilvas –
magaliTad, TurqeTma mtkice uari ganacxada somxeTis winadadebaze erevansa da yarss
Soris (aRmosavleT TurqeTi) me-19 saukunis rkinigzis aRdgenis Taobaze. samagierod,
TurqeTs surs sarkinigzo xazis gagrZeleba yarsidan saqarTvelomde, CrdiloeTis
mimarTulebiT.
35
meores mxriv, dsT-s mier afxazeTis ekonomkuri blokada saSualebas ar aZlevs
ruseTsa da TurqeTs Soris satranzito vaWrobis ganviTarebas Savi zRvis
aRmosavleT sanapiroze – romelsac ekonomikuri geografiis TvalsazrisiT,
ganviTarebis saukeTeso potenciali gaaCnia. saqarTvelo-afxazeTis monakveTze Savi
zRvis sanapiro gzis gaxsna xelsayreli iqneboda agreTve somxeT-ruseTis ormxrivi
vaWrobisTvis, romelic amJamad ufro rTuli gzebiT xorcieldeba: kavkasionze
“saqarTvelos samxedro gziT”, an Savi zRviT.
navTobsadeni (da navTobis transportireba rkinigziT)
dRes saqarTvelom ukve daiwyo mogebis miReba navTobis navTobsadeniT
gadazidvis xarjze kaspiis zRvispira qveynebidan. varaudoben, rom kaspiis zRvispira
qveynebi navTobis msxvili mwarmoeblebi gaxdebian, xolo SemoTavazebuli sami
“mTavari saeqsporto navTobsadenidan” (MEP), romliTac navTobis udidesi nawili
msoflio bazrebs unda miewodos, ori saqarTvelos teritoriaze gadis. erT-erTi
maTgani baqodan sufsamde Savi zRvis gavliT miemarTeba dasavleTisken; meore,
baqodan saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis gavliT miemarTeba TurqeTis xmelTaSuazRvis
jeihanis navsadguramde. mesame - romelic saqarTvelos teritoriaze ar gadis baqodan (politikurad arastabiluri) CrdiloeT kavkasiis gavliT miemarTeba
ruseTSi, Sav zRvaze mdebare novorosiiskis navsadguramde.
saboloo gadawyvetileba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gziT gaivlis navTobsadeni, 1998
wlis 29 dekembers unda miRebuliyo. amis Taobaze oqtomberSi kaspiis zRvispira
msxvili navTobmwarmoebeli qveynebis oficialurma pirebma gaakeTes “politikuri”
gancxadeba, riTic mxari dauWires TurqeTis moTxovnas, romelic iTvaliswinebda
navTobsadenis gayvanas dasavleTiT azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos teritoriaze,
saidanac igi unda gasuliyo samxreTis mimarTulebiT, TurqeTis xmelTaSua zRvaze
mdebare jeihanis navsadguramde. magram, sxvadasxva dainteresebulma navTobkompaniebma
MEP-is romelime xazis mSeneblobaze finansuri valdebulebebisgan Tavi Seikaves.
iseTi droebiTi faqtorebi, rogorc navTobze dawesebuli fasebis dabali done da
Tanxebis gamoyofasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi, Tundac sawyis etapze, aferxebs
MEP-is mSeneblobis dawyebisTvis saWiro komerciuli mxaris mogvarebas. garda amisa,
kaspiis navTobis sabadoebis gamokvlevis Sedegad regionis rezervebis moculobis
Sesaxeb miRebul iqna sakmaod dabali maCveneblebi da zogi SiSobs, rom navTobis
moculobam SeiZleba ar gaamarTlos MEP-is ekonomikuri sicocxlisunarianoba.
(menavTobeTa azriT saWiro iqneba dReSi 2 milioni barelis warmoeba, Tumca
mSeneblobis dawyeba SeiZleba maSin, rodesac warmoeba 1 milions miaRwevs). amis
Sedegia is, rom jer-jerobiT MEP-is arc erTi marSruti ar iqna SerCuli. Tuki da
rodesac MEP-i komerciulad sicocxlisunariani gaxdeba, arCevani, albaT, baqojeihanis xazze iqneba SeCerebuli, Tundac mxolod politiuri mosazrebebis gamo.
amave dros navTobsadenis mSeneblobis xarjTa odenoba gansazRvruli ar aris,
proeqtis gaangariSebebi 2-dan 4 miliard aSS dolars Soris meryeobs. am
TvalsazrisiT, baqo-sufsas xazis mSenebloba did stimuls ar warmoadgens:
gauTvaliswinebel xarjTa odenoba, saSualoze gaangariSebiT, 70 procents Seadgens.
36
molaparakebebi
baqo-jeihanis
proeqtis
saboloo
pirobebze
grZeldeba
dainteresebul kompaniebsa da qveynebs Soris, romlebic TurqeTisgan iTxoven
mastimulirebeli
pirobebis
SeTavazebas,
raTa
proeqti
komerciulad
sicocxlisunariani gaxdes. dekemberSi azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso saeqspluatacio
kompaniis konsorciumma (AIOC) ganacxada, rom MEP-is marSrutis mSeneblobaze
gadawyvetilebis miReba savaraudod 1999 wlis Sua periodSia mosalodneli. aSS-s
mTavroba kvlav “frTxili optimizmiT” imedovnebs, rom AIOC-is kompaniebi TandaTan
SeTanxmedebian mTavari saeqsporto navTobkompaniis Seqmnaze, romelsac daevaleba am
proeqtis ganxorcieleba. 1999 wlis ianvarSi TurqeTma, Tavis mxridan, aRniSna, rom
navTobsadenis asaSeneblad unda Seiqmnas saerTaSoriso konsorciumi. am gegmis
mixedviT, konsorciumis Seqmna moxdeba mas Semdeg, rodesac TurqeTi, azerbaijani da
saqarTvelo xels moaweren navTobsadenis mSeneblobaze samTavrobaTaSoriso
xelSekrulebas. amJamad, baqo-jeihanis SeTavazebuli proeqtis mSeneblobis xarjebi,
uaxlovdeba 2,5 miliard aSS dolars; TurqeTis mier konsorciumis Camoyalibeba
niSnavs, rom baqo-jeihanis proeqtis mSenebloba daiwyeba manamde, vidre AIOC-i miiRebs
gadawyvetilebas. am molaparakebebSi saqarTvelo 1999 wlis TebervalSi unda
CarTuliyo.
TurqeTi navTobis gazrdili moculobebis bosforis srutiT gadazidvis
winaaRmdegia. imis garda, rom TurqeTi upiratesobas jeihanis marSruts aniWebs, mas
agreTve ekologiis TvalsazrisiT gamarTlebuli argumentebic gaaCnia. dRes-dReobiT
bosforis srutiT dReSi 1,2 milionamde barelis ( 200 000 tona/dRe) gadazidva xdeba,
rasac daaxloebiT dReSi 12 tankeri sWirdeba. MEP-is marSrutiT gadatanili
navTobis moculobam SeiZleba 2 milion barelamde Seadginos, rac samjer gazrdis
bosforis srutiT gadaziduli navTobis moculobas da am SemTxvevaSi, navTobis
daRvris riski mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba. (ufro didi moculobis tankerebis
gamoyeneba metad arasasurvelia: bosforis srutis siviwrovis gamo gemebs, romelTa
moculoba 100 000 tonas aRemateba, gauWirdeba manevrireba.)
Savi zRvis zRvispira qveynebi aRiareben saqarTvelodan kaspiis navTobis
transportirebis SesaZleblobas maT teritoriaze mdebare navsadgurebamde, saidanac
igi, am qveynebze gavliT, centralur da dasavleT evropaSi gadaigzavneba. aseTi
SesaZleblobisadmi interesi pirvelad gamovlinda oqtomberSi, moldovas dedaqalaq
kiSiniovSi
Semdgar
Sexvedraze,
sadac
moldovas,
rumineTisa
da
ukrainis
prezidentebma xeli moaweres “qveda dunais Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonis”
erTobliv politikur gancxadebas, romelic saqarTvelos, ukrainis, moldovasa da
rumineTis teritoriebze kaspiis navTobis transportirebas exeba. dsT-s qveynebs
Soris arsebuli SeTanxmebebis farglebSi, 1999 wels xeli moewera saqarTvelos,
ukrainas, azerbaijansa da moldovas Soris koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis SeTanxmebas
(GUAM–is jgufi), romelic miznaad isaxavs navTobsadenis dacvas Tavdasxmis
SemTxvevaSi. SeniSvna. Cveni monacemebiT, uzbekeTi apirebs SeuerTdes GUAM-is jgufs,
misi saqmianobis zogierT aspeqtSi, Tumca uars acxadebs samxedro TanamSromlobaze.
amave dros, mimdinareobs SedarebiT mcire navTobsadenebis gafarToeba,
magaliTad iseTi navTobsadenis, rogoricaa CrdiloeT kavkasionize gamavali
azeri-ruseTis marSruti da azeri-saqarTvelos navTobsadeni (baqo-sufsa). 1998 wlis
meoTxe kvartalSi dasrulda baqo-sufsis navTobsadenis mSenebloba da 1999 wlis 9
37
aprils, ganrigis mixedviT, sufsidan pirveli tankeri gavida. saqarTvelos
tranzituli gadasaxadi navTobsadenidan Seadgens 17 aSS cents 1 barelSi, rac
navTobze msoflio fasebis daaxloebiT 1 procentis eqvivalentia. dReSi 50 000
barelze gaangariSebiT es weliwadSi 3 milion aSS dolars Seitans saxelmwifo
biujetSi, rac jandacvaze qveynis danaxarjTa 20 procents udris. varaudoben, rom im
SemTxvevaSi Tu MEP-is arc erTi marSrutis mSenebloba ar ganxorcielda, rogorc
novorosiiskis,
aseve
sufsis
navTobsadenis
moculoba
maqsimumamde
iqneba
gafarToebuli. AIOC-ma axali navTobgadasatumbi sadgurebi daamata da, rogorc Cans,
amis xarjze gazarda baqo-sufsis navTobsadenis moculoba, romelic 1999 wlis
aprilSi dReSi 70 000 barels Seadgenda, xolo 1999 wlis meore kvartalis
bolosTvis dReSi 100 000 barelamde miaRwia. mesame kvartalSi AIOC-i apirebs
Seamowmos navTobsadenis maqsimaluri tvirTbrunva. warmoebis wyaroebi amtkiceben,
rom zedmeti navTobgadasatumbi danadgarebis damontaJebis da terminalebze
damatebiTi rezervuarebis aSenebis SemTxvevaSi, am xazs dReSi 250 000 barelis
navTobis gadazidvebis moculobas kidev
gadazidva SeuZlia1 (es bosforis srutiT
20 procentamde gazrdis). amJamad, AIOC-is navTobis warmoebis moculoba, romelic
dReSi 100 000 barels Seadgens da romlis transportireba novorosiiskisa da sufsis
navTobsadenebiT xdeba, SezRudulia transportirebis arasakmarisi moculobis gamo.
es cxadi gaxda, rodesac 1999 wlis martSi novorosiiskis xazis droebiTi gadaketvis
gamo (es xazi ruseTis federaciaSi Semaval CeCneTis respublikaze gadis)
navTobsadenis warmoebis moculoba iZulebiT iqna ganaxevrebuli.
novorosiiskisa da sufsis navTobsadenebis garda SesaZlebelia agreTve
azerbaijansa da saqarTveloze sarginigzo tvirTbrunvis ukeT gamoyeneba. wels
dagegmilia xaSuridan samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT baTumis navsadguramde
gamavali navTobsadenis Zveli ganStoebis aRdgena. am ganStoebiT momavalSi Sevronis
yazaxeTis navTobis gadazidva unda moxdes, romlis transportireba dRes-dReobiT
mxolod sarkinigzo xaziT xdeba. Sevroni agreTve ganixilavs sufsis axali
terminalis gamoyenebis ideas, romelic xaSuri-baTumis ganStoebisgan Sors ar aris.
es gulisxmobs matareblebis daclas xaSurTan, Semdeg xaSuri-baTumis ganStoebis
gamoyenebas guriamde da iqidan axali sarkinigzo xaziT dasavleTis mimarTulebiT
sufsamde. am marSrutis upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom es dasavleT guriaSi
viwro sarkinigzo gasasvlelis Tavidan acilebis saSualebas warmoadgens.
gazsadeni
dRes-dReobiT saqarTveloSi gazis miwodeba xdeba gazsadeniT, romelic gadis
ruseTsa da somxeTs Soris teritoriaze; ramodenime wlis win ruseTi somxeTSi
weliwadSi 1,5-3,5 miliard kubur metr gazs agzavnida. am gazsadeniT gadaziduli
gazis mcire wils (daaxlovebiT erT meoTxeds) saqarTveloc moixmars.
ruseT-somxeTis gazsadenis garda, dagegmilia agreTve ufro didi gazsadenis
mSenebloba (romlis moculoba, savaraudod, weliwadSi 30 miliard kubur metrs
Seadgens), romliTac gazi TurqmeneTidan kaspiis zRvis, azerbaijanisa da
saqarTvelos gavliT TurqeTSi gadaigzavneba. 1998 wlis oqtomberSi TurqeTsa da
1
Reuter’s report selina viliamsi, baqo, 1999wlis 9 aprili.
38
TurqmenTs Soris daido kontraqti gazsadenis mSeneblobaze, romelic winaswari
gaangariSebiT, weliwadSi, sul mcire, 16 miliard kubur metrs gadazidavs. kaspiis
zRvis
dasavleTiT,
igi
ueWvelad
gaivlis
baqo-sufsis
(an
baqo-jeihanis)
navTobsadenTan erTad, rac arsebiTad Seamcirebs mSeneblobis danaxarjebs.
aRmosavleT TurqeTSi axali gazsadeni SeiZleba SeuerTdes TurqeTis gazsadens,
romelic horasonsa da erzerums Soris gadis; erzerumi baTumis samxreTiT
mdebareobs da sul 200 km-iT aris daSorebuli.
TebervalSi TurqmeneTma da PSG International-ma (GE Capital - Betchel Enterprisis-is
erToblivi sawarmo) xeli moaweres kontraqts gazsadenis mSeneblobaze. TurqeTis
pres saagentos mier 1999 wlis aprilSi gakeTebuli gancxadeba imaze miuTiTebs, rom
igi eTanxmeba TurqmeneTs konsorciumis arCevanSi, magram moiTxovs, rom TurqeTis
teritoriaze gazsadenis mSenebloba TurqeTis saxelmwifo samSeneblo kompania
Botas-ma ganaxorcielos. finansuri mxaris Taobaze molaparakebebis dawyeba
dagegmilia 1999 wlis ivlisSi: varaudoben, rom samSeneblo danaxarjebi daaxlovebiT
2 miliard aSS dolars Seadgens, xolo mSenebloba 2000 wlis mesame kvartlidan 2003
wlis Suamde gagrZeldeba.
sahaero kavSirebi
mTavar siaxles warmoadgens saxelmwifo aviakopania “saqarTvelos aviaxazebisa”, “eir zena” da “eir jorjia-s” dagegmili Serwyma. 1998 wlis oqtomberSi
saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro Seecada saqarTvelos aviaxazebis 49
procentis privatizebas (ix. seb-is 1998 wlis #3), magram SemoTavazebuli pirobebi
imdenad araxelsayreli iyo, rom verc erTi winadadeba ver moizida. saqarTvelos
xelmZRvanelobam moiwvia konsultantebi germanuli aviakompania “Lufthansa”-dan,
romelTa rCeva iTvaliswinebs erTi kerZo erovnuli gadamzidveli kompaniis Seqmnas
“saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” or mcire aviakompaniasTan Serwymis xarjze.
oficialuri pirebi adastureben im faqts, rom “saqarTvelos aviaxazebi”
iZulebulni gaxdnen uari eTqvaT zogierTi reisis Sesrulebaze, Tbilisi-parizi,
Tbilisi-amsterdamisa da Tbilisi-praRis CaTvliT imis gamo, rom kompania ar
pasuxobda saerTaSoriso standartebs. rogorc saerTaSoriso samoqalaqo aviaciis
organizaciis wevri, saqarTvelo valdebulia daicvas sxvadasxva garemos dacvisa da
teqnikuri standartebi. sabWoTa kavSiris droindeli xomaldebi, romlebsac
“saqarTvelos aviaxazebi” iyeneben am standartebs ar Seesabameba da cxadia maTi
standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana advili ar aris.
dRes-dRebiT, “saqarTvelos aviaxazebi”, valebisa da zaralis miuxedavad,
agrZeleben zogierTi saerTaSoriso reisis Sesrulebas: magaliTad Tbilisi-aTenis da
Tbilisi-franqfurtis mimarTulebiT (am reisebze sakmaod didi moTxovnis gamo,
Tumca amave dros ixdian jarimas ICAO-s standartebTan Seusabamlobis gamo). meores
mxriv, “eir zena” da “eir jorjia” gacilebiT mcire kompaniebia (romlebic sul
ramodenime reiss asruleben), Tumca sakmaod efeqturebi da finansurad Zlierebi rac
maT saSualebas aZlevs Seasrulon saerTaSoriso reisebi. amrigad, kompaniebis
39
Serwymis ZiriTad ideas warmoadgens saxelmwifo gadamzidveli kompaniis valebis
dafarva, misi kerZo kompaniaT gadaqcevis xarjze.
amJamad Tbilisis sahaero transportis kontrolis sistema ganaxlebis
procesSia da 1999 wels axali radarebis damontaJebis Semdeg igi mTlianad
amuSavdeba 2000 wlisTvis. es xels Seuwyobs ICAO-s gegmebis ganxorcielebas,
romlebic iTvaliswinebs sami amierkavkasiis qveynisTvis erTiani sahaero sivrcis
Seqmnas, rac gulisxmobs saerTo standartebs da radarul monacemTa gacvlas.
mimdinareobs agreTve baTumis aeroportis rekonstruqcia, saqarTvelos sahaero
transprtis departamentis mier agvistoSi miRebuli gadawyvetiilebis Semdeg, romlis
safuZvelze mas gadaecema licenzia saerTaSoriso reisebis Sesrulebaze. dekemberSi
baTums estumra ruseTis meoTxe umsxvilesi aviakompania “krasavia”-s delegacia,
romelic, rogorc Cans, dainteresebulia aWarel partniorTan erTad iseTi
erToblivi kompaniis SeqmnaSi, romelic Seasrulebs saerTaSoriso reisebs baTumidan.
1998 wels baTumis aerportidan kviraSi daaxlovebiT 8 reisi sruldeboda.
Savi zRvis navsadgurebi
ssd-s monacemebiT, saqarTvelos navsadgurebis mier 1998 wlis ganmavlobaSi
gadatanili tvirTis moculobam 7,1 milioni tona Seadgina, rac 34 procentiT metia
1997 welTan SedarebiT. ori ZiriTadi sazRvao reisidan erTi, romliTac
xorcieldeba vaWroba konteinerebiT, bosforsa da foTis navsadgurebs akavSirebs,
xolo meore saborano reisia foTsa, ruseTis novorosiiskis navsadgursa da
bulgareTis navsadgur burgass Soris, romliTac xdeba manqanebis gadazidva. am reiss
asrulebs ori gemi da TiTos 50 manqanis gadazidvis unari aqvs: erTi maTgani saaTis
isris mimarTulebiT, xolo mere sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT moZraobs am sam
navsadgurs Soris.
1998 wels tvirTzidva baTumze gavliT - ZiriTadad citrusebiT vaWrobis
xarjze – xdeboda arasistematurad, anu sezonur xasiaTs atarebda. baTumi-iliCevskis
regularuli reisis gaxsna, rogorc Cans, dResac eqsperimentis donezea: dekemberSi
gaixsna axali sarkinigzo terminali. foTsa da iliCevsks Soris arsebobs agreTve
saavtomobilo borani, romlis tevadoba 108-mde manqanas Seadgens. 1998 wlis
monacemebis Tanaxmad igi, dabali moTxovnis gamo, Tavisi simZlavris mxolod 20
procents iyenebs. aqedan gamominare, Tu ki 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saborano
momsaxureba yovel kviras warmoebda, 1998 wlis meore naxevarSi igi or kviramde iqna
Semcirebuli. miuxedavad amisa, gegmaSia agreTve 1999 wlis aprilSi sarkinigzo
boranis gaxsna foTi-iliCevsks Soris; amJamad, foTis sarkingzo terminalis
mSeneblba ukve dasrulebulia.
dagegmili saavtomobilo saborano momsaxureba foTsa da bulgareTSi mdebare
navsadgur konstancas Soris dResac ar warmoebs. saqarTvelos samTavrobo
sainformacio wyaroebi amtkiceben, rom saqarTvelos mxares saWiro Tanxa ukve
Setanili aqvs, magram 1998 wels rumineTma interesi dakarga am reisis gaxsnaSi. Tumca,
1999 wlis aprilSi rumineTis sainformacio wyaroebi aRniSnavdnen, rom erTadaerT
40
dabrkolebas komerciuli SeTanxmebis detalebi warmoadgens da mosalodnelia, rom
molaparakebebis damTavrebis Tanave, reisis Sesruleba moxdeba regularul
safuZvelze: samgzavro bileTebis safasuri orive mimarTulebiT savaraudod 100 aSS
dolars Seadgens.
amasTan, dagegmilia agreTve axali sakonteinero terminalis gaxsna foTis
CrdiloeTiT, romlis dafinansebas iaponiis mTavrobis mier gamoyofili kreditebi
unda moxmardes. winaswari analizi 1999 wlis dasawyisSi unda Catarebuliyo, magram
misi Sedegebi jer-jerobiT cnobili ar aris. erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan
komerciul sakiTxs warmoadgens mflobelobis da Senoba nagebobebis kontrolis
sakiTxi: rogorc navaraudevia, terminali moqmedi navsadgurisgan damoukideblad
imuSavebs, magram saqarTvelos mTavrobas urCevnia, rom hidroteqnikuri nagebobani
saxelmwifos kontrolis qveS darCes.
rkinigza
ssd-s monacemTa mixedviT, rkinigziT gadaziduli tvirTisa da gadayvanil
mgzavrTa moculoba swrafad izrdeba: 1998 wels, 1997 welTan SedarebiT, es zrda
Sesabamisad 16 da 21 procents Seadgenda. miuxedavad amisa, matareblis saSualo
siCqaris maCvenebeli, romelic 30 km/saaTze dabalia, naTelyofs farTo modernizaciis
saWiroebas. dekemberSi, rodesac evropis rekonstruqciisa da mSeneblobis bankma
saqarTvelos sarkinigzo xazebis ganaxlebaze 20 milioni laris odenobis krediti
gamoyo, saqarTvelos sarkinigzo kavSirebis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani nabiji iqna
gadadgmuli. es saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadebuli xelSekrulebis Sedegad
moxda,
romelic
iTvaliswinebda
saqarTvelos
rkinigzis
restruqturizacias
komerciulad damoukidebeli iuridiuli organos saxiT. amave dros, evrokomisiam
gamoyo 6 milioni aSS dolaris granti signalizaciisa da sakomunikacio sistemis
modernizaciisTvis.
TurqeTi dResac iCens dainteresebas yarssa (aRmosavleT TurqeTi) da
axalqalaqs (samcxe-javaxeTi) Soris weliwadSi 7 mt warmadobis mqone sarkinigzo
xazis mSeneblobaSi: erT-erTi informaciis Tanaxmad, igi mzad aris gamoyos 160
milioni aSS dolaris krediti am proeqtis ganxorcielebaze. am proeqtis Rirebuleba
Sefasebulia daaxlovebiT 400 milion aSS dolarad: aqedan 250 milioni aSS dolari
TurqeTma unda Seitanos. es TurqeTs saSualebas miscems rkinigziT daukavSirdes ara
mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed aRmosavleTiT mdebare azerbaijansac. rogorc cnobili
gaxda, qarTul-Turquli komisiis mier ukve
SemuSavebul iqna am xazis
mSeneblobisTvis tenderis pirobebis proeqti. maisSi, Turqulma saproeqto saagento
YDK-ma
rkinigzis,
navsadgomisa
da
aeroportis
mSeneblobis
generaluri
direqtoratis programas gadasca mTeli pasuxismgebloba am kavSiris mSeneblobaze,
romelic manamde TurqeTis saxelmwifo rkinigzis admistraciis generalur
direqtorats ekisra. TurqeTis presam es cvlileba dadebiTad Seafasa, radganac es
uzrunvelyobs kavSiris mSeneblobisTvis saWiro finansur mxardaWeras.
41
Sida satransporto qseli
saqarTvelos mTavari satransporto arteria (rogorc saavtomobilo, aseve
sarkinigzo) ZiriTadad gadaWimulia aRmosavleTidan dasavleTiT – azerbaijanis
sazRvarTan mdebare gardabnis raionidan kolxeTis dablobis sanapiro nawilSi
mdebare samegrelos regionamde. saqarTvelos samrewvelo sawarmoTa umravlesoba
ganlagebulia am arteriasTan siaxloveSi (TbilisSi, quTaisSi, rusTavSi, zestafonSi,
zugdidSi, samtrediasa da mcxeTaSi). samegrelosTan es arteria iyofa da rogorc
saavtomobilo, aseve sarkinigzo gzebiT ukavSirdeba afxazeTis zRvispira regions da
Semdgom soWs (Crdilo-dasavleTi), foTsa (dasavleTi) da aWaras, xolo iqidan
CrdiloeT TurqeTs (samxreT-dasavleTi). samxreT-aRmosavleT sazRvridan mTavari
saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo magistralebi gadis baqomde.
saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ganviTarebisTvis mcire satransporto
arteriebsac eniWebaT didi mniSvneloba, Tundac potenciuri TvalsazrisiT. amaTgan
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos samxedro gza, romelic Tbilisidan
CrdiloeTiT vladikavkazamde gadis, xolo Tbilisidan samxreTiT – saavtomobilo da
sarkinigzo kavSirebi somxeTTan. mezobel qveynebTan sxvadasxva saavtomobilo
kavSirebs didi mniSvneloba eniWeba mosazRvre raionebis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT, magaliTad iseTi regionebis, rogorebicaa lagodexi (azerbaijanTan
aRmosavleTi sazRvari), ninowminda (somxeTTan ganapira dasavleTi sazRvari) da
java/roki (romelic erTmaneTTan akavSirebs CrdiloeTsa da samxreT oseTs).
garda amisa, sxva ZiriTadi saavtomobilo gzebi (iseve, rogorc ramodenime
sarkinigzo
ganStoeba)
sakmaod
mniSvnelovania
saqalaqTaSoriso
transportirebisTvis: es gzebi ZiriTadad TiTqmis paralelurad miuyvebian mTavar
aRmosavleT-dasavleTis arterias da CrdioloeTisa da samxreTis mimarTulebiT
ramodenime ganStoeba gaaCniaT. (amJamad rkinigza savalalo mdgomareobaSia: vagonebi
daZvelebulia, sadgurebi mosavlelia, miwiszeda xazebi SekeTebas saWiroeben, SenobanagebobaTa umravlesoba 80 wlis winandelia, da amasTan rkinigzis restruqturizacia
da misi komerciuli mxaris mogvareba jer dawyebulic ar aris). presaSi
gamoqveynebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, TurqeTi apirebs 200 milioni aSS dolaris
Rirebulebis proeqtis ganxorcielebas, romelic iTvalsiwinebs qveynis samxreTi
sazRvridan samcxe-javaxeTze gavliT xaSuramde mimavali mTiani gzis SekeTebas.
TurqeTi agreTve cdilobs xeli Seuwyos Turqgozus ganviTarebas, romelic sazRvris
gadakveTaze, axalcixis samxreT-dasavleTiT 10 kilometrSi mdebareobs.
moZraoba ruseTis federaciasa da saqarTvelos Soris ZiriTadad xdeba an
maRalmTiani “saqarTvelos samxedro gziT” – vladikavkazs, yazbegsa da Tbiliss
Soris – anda rokis uReltexilis gavliT – vladikavkazs, roks, cxinvalsa da,
ZiriTadi satransporto arteriidan, goris ganStoebas Soris. mravali xveuli
monakveTis miuxedavad es gzebi mosaxerxebelia TiTqmis yvela tipis transportisTvis,
magram zamTarSi xSirad gauvalia. CrdiloeT kavkasiaze bevri sxva damakavSirebeli
gzac gadis, magram, cudi mdgomareobis gamo, maT metwilad adgilobrivi mniSvneloba
eniWeba.
42
ZiriTadi saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo kavSirebi baqosa (azerbaijani) da
erevenTan (somxeTi) SedarebiT karg mdgomareobaSia da saqarTvelosa da ruseTs
Soris savaWro tvirTis didi nawili baqoze gadis. dResdReobiT baqos saavtomobilo
gzebze yvelaze mwvave problemas warmoadgens sazRvarze arsebuli korufcia, sadac
mesazRvreebi ufro cudi reputaciiT sargebloben, vidre TviT mebaJeebi. savaWro
tvirTis didi nawilis transportireba, baTumSi Sevronis kaspiis navTobis CaTvliT,
rkinigziT xdeba.
erevnis gzaze moZraoba SedarebiT naklebia da gzac gacilebiT uares
mdgomareobaSia – gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos mxares. informaciis Tanaxmad, erT-erTi
mdidari emigranti did dainteresebas iCens am gzis SekeTebaSi, misi somxeTisTvis
strategiuli mniSvnelobis gamo, da mzad aris uzrunvelyos saWiro dafinanseba.
erevanTan rkinigziT ufro swrafad SeiZleba dakavSireba da aq, rogorc Cans,
korufciac naklebia – gansakuTrebiT somxeTis mxares.
telekomunikaciebi
saqarTvelos satelekomunikacio industriis struqtura neli tempiT agrZelebs
ganviTarebas. oqtomberSi, rogorc kavSirgabmulobis ministris moadgilem, revaz
sanaZem,
ganacxada
yvela
Sida
sistema
iseve,
rogorc
saerTaSoriso
da
saqalaqTaSoriso sistemebis 51 procenti isev saxelmwifos sakuTrabas warmoadgenda.
am seqtoris privatizacias, rogorc Cans, xeli Seuwyo saxelmwifo finansebSi
momxdarma krizisma da saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis samministrom am sakiTxis ufro
farTod ganxilvis winadadebebi wamoayena.
kerZo
seqtorSi
mobilurma
satelefono
kompania
“magTi”-m,
raTa
“jeoselisaTvis” ukeT gaewia konkurencia, gaxsna warmomadgenloba ozurgeTSi
(dasavleTi regioni, guria). garda amisa “magTi”-m saSobao periodSi ufaso
momsaxureba SesTavaza Tavis momxmareblebs; Tumca momxmareblebis mxridan am
winadadebam iseTi gamoxmaureba moipova, rom bevri qselis gadatvirTvas uCioda. amave
dros, kompania “axali qselebi”, romelsac Tbilisis zogierT ubanSi miwiszeda
xazebi ekuTvnis, Seecada Sida satelefono kavSirebze wuTobrivi gadasaxadebis
dawesebas (miuxedavad imisa, rom kavSirgabmulobis saministro amis winaaRmdegi iyo).
“jeoselma” uaryo xmebi misi finansuri sirTuleebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac igi ganicdis
TiTqos da qarTvel partnorsa da Turq investorTa Soris momxdari konfliqtis
gamo.
mimdinare wels mosalodnelia saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso satelekomunikacio
infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba: evrokomisia apirebs gamoyos 15 milioni ekiu,
romelic unda moxmardes optikur-boWkovani xazebiT saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da
azerbaijanis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebis proeqtis ganxorcielebas.
43
turizmi
saqarTveloSi SeiZleba turizmis sami saxeoba gamovyoT: organizebuli turizmi,
adgilobrivi turizmi da damoukidebeli turizmi. aqedan, rogorc, Cans, sabWoTa
epoqis warmodgenas turizmze Seesabameba mxolod organizebuli turizmi, anu
turizmis iseTi forma, rodesac ucxoeli stumrebis viziti winaswar dagegmili
programis mixedviT xdeba. imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo kvlav gadaiqces mniSvnelovan
turistul centrad, meti yuradReba unda daeTmos adgilobrivi da damoukidebeli
turizmis ganviTarebas.
adgilobrivi turizmi – saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa mier mogzauroba sakuTari
qveynis farglebSi – turizmis gavrcelebul formas warmoadgens. sabWoTa kavSiris
droindeli koncefcia, romelic, rogorc Cans, dResac gavlenas axdens qarTvelTa
warmodgenaze turizmis Sesaxeb, iTvaliswinebda turizmis sxvadasxva kategorias:
kulturul, saganmanaTleblo da sportul. iTvleboda, rom turizmis es forma
organizebuli turizmisgan gansxvavdeba, vinaidan igi gulisxmobda socialuri
momsaxurebis gawevas sabWoTa moqalaqeebisTvis da ara ucxouri valutis mozidvas.
bevr SemTxvevaSi, igi ewinaaRmdegeba sabWoTa socialisturi politikis ideas ucxoel
da adgilobriv turistTa momsaxurebis Sesaxeb Tanabar pirobebze: erTis mxriv,
sabWoTa turistebi saSiSi ucxouri ideebisgan daucvelni iqnebodnen, rac maTSi
gamoaRviZebda cxovrebis maRali standartebis imedebs da, amave dros, ucxoeli
turistebi dainaxavdnen adgilobriv turistTa momsaxurebis im dabal dones,
romelsac sabWoTa moqalaqeebi advilad eguebodnen. individualuri turizmi sabWoTa
kavSiris dros ar fasobda da ucxoelebisTvis mgzavrobaze dawesebuli mkacri
kontrolis gamo, praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iyo. ucxoel turistebs, vizebze
ganacxadTan erTad, sagzuris wardgenasac sTxovdnen: isini unda mihyolodnen
sagzuriT gaTvaliswinebul programas, romelSic ar SeiZleboda cvlilebebis Setana.
am moTxovnis gamo Tavisufali mogzaurobis SesaZlebloba, romelic damoukidebeli
turizmis erT-erTi yvelaze momxibvleli mxarea da amave dros cudi pirobebis
erTgvar kompensaciasac warmoadgens - Zalze SezRuduli iyo.
sabazro ekonomikaSi, rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve damoukidebeli turizmi sxva
qveynebidan, turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTad aspeqtebs warmoadgens. dRes araviTari
mizezi aRar arsebobs imisTvis, raTa ucxoel da adgilobriv turistebs cal-calke
gaewios momsaxureba, radganac isini metwilad erTnair pirobebs iTxoven.
adgilobrivi turizmi – romelic saqarTvelos
bevr kurortze yvavis –
uzrunvelyofs safuZvels iseTi pirobebis Sesaqmnelad, romlebiTac ucxoel
stumrebsac SeuZliaT sargebloba. miuxedavad imisa, rom damoukidebeli turizmi
iseTi rentabeluri ar aris, rogorc organizebuli turizmi, igi turizmis
ganviTarebaSi mTavar rols TamaSobs: damoukidebeli turistebis STabeWdilebebi,
romlebsac isini samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg TavianT megobrebsa da naTesavebs
uziareben, xSirad ubiZgebs sxvebsac estumron qveyanas. zogierT SemTxvevebSi isini
damoukidebeli mgzavrobis nacvlad, sagzuriT mogzaurobas amjobineben.
marTalia, turizmis politika mimarTulia ZiriTadad organizebuli turizmis
ganviTarebaze, magram saqarTvelSi damoukidebeli turizmic iwyebs fexis mokideabas.
axalma ucxourma turistulma saagentoebma (magaliTad londonSi mdebare saagento
44
“Journeys Through Georgia”) ician rogorc damoukidebeli, aseve organizebuli turizmis
fasi da amdenad cdiloben orives ganviTarebas Seuwyon xeli. dRes ukeT dgas
agreTve turistuli informaciis kerZo gziT gamoqveynebis sakiTxic. 1999 wlis
TebervalSi gamovida inglisurenovani gasarTobi Jurnali Tbilisi Pastimes–i, romelic
mimoixilavs Teatris, xelovnebis, musikis, cekvisa da sportis samyaros siaxleebs.
amas garda, 1999 wlis zafxulSi gamocemul iqneba inglisur enaze, sul cota, ori
megzuri saqarTveloSi damoukidebeli mogzaurobis Sesaxeb. kerZo seqtorSi
grZeldeba organizebuli turizmis ganviTareba: saqarTvelos wamyvani turistuli
saagento Caucasus Travel–is mier gamoqveynebulia ramodenime maRalxarisxovani
broSura da agreTve xelsayreli jibis megzuri, xolo dasavleTis ramodenime
turistulma saagentom (magaliTad saagento Explore–ma TavianT broSurebSi CarTo
informacia saqarTvelos Sesaxebac.
gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi TbilisSi gaixsna bevri axali kerZo sastumro.
zogierTi maTgani gvTavazobs gacilebiT dabal fasebs vidre dedaqalaqis Zveli
sastumroebi. marTalia, Zveli sastumroebi, romlebsac tarifebi ar SeumcirebiaT,
rogorc Cans, jer-jerobiT reagirebas ar axdenen am axal konkurenciaze. magram axal
sastumroebSi SedarebiT iafi oTaxis daqiravebis saSualebam bevrad Seamcira
turistuli sacxovreblis minimaluri safasuri. Tbilisis cnobil sastumroebSi
yvelaze dabali gadasaxadi, romelic Cvens mier mopovebuli monacemebiT, oqtomberSi
kacze 90 aSS dolaramde Seadgenda, dRes 60 aSS dolaramde iqna Semcirebuli. Tumca
esec sakmaod Zviria: magaliTad, aTenSi msgavsi sacxovreblis safasuri kacze
daaxlovebiT 10 aSS dolars Seadgens. erT-erT problemas is warmoadgens, rom
rogorc maRali profilis biznesi, kerZo sastumroebi saqarTveloSi korufciis
sagnad rCeba. xarjebma - romlebic dakavSirebulia saimedo usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofasTan, arasaWiro sareglamento moTxovnebis dakmayofilebasa da
korumpirebul CinovnikebTan urTierTobasTan – xeli Seuwyes imas, rom Tbilisi
mcire xniT Camosuli stumrebisTvis msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze Zvir qalaqad
gadaiqca. samwuxarod, ZviradRirebuli sareglamento moTxovnebi ar uzrunvelyofen
xarisxis garantias, radganac orufciis maRali done saSualebas aZlevs sastumroebs
miiRon sertifikatebi da licenziebi miuxedavad imisa Seesabamebian Tu ara isini
oficialur moTxovnebs.
meores mxriv, stumarTmoyvareobis qarTuli tradicia saSualebas aZlevs
ucxoel stumrebs iSovnon araformaluri sacxovrebeli. zogierTi turisti yveba,
rom aseTi sacxovreblis saSovneblad sakmasia mimarTo taqsis mZRols, anda sulac
romelime barSi, an restoranSi daumegobrde qarTvelebs. aseTi stumrebisTvis ufro
xelsayreli iqneboda, qveyanaSi Camosvlamde, internetis meSveobiT dakavSirebodnen
qarTvel maspinZlebsa, Tu saagentoebs: dRes internetSi aseTi informacia
xelmisawvdomia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maspinZeli sakmaod mdidari, an xelgaSlili
aRmoCnda araoficialuri sacxovrebeli SeiZleba sulac ufaso iyos. ufro xSir
SemTxvevebSi, mcire xniT Camosul ucxoels SeuZlia TbilisSi kerZo saxlSi iqiraos
bina 5-dan 30 aSS dolaris farglebSi (rac xarisxzea damokidebuli).
Tbilisis gareT kerZo sastumroebi cotaa da sacxovreblis arCevanic
SezRudulia, Tu ar CavTvliT tradiciul kurortebs (magaliTad baTums, qobuleTsa
da bakurians), sadac turistuli biznesis ganviTareba ZiriTadad adgilobrivi
45
turistebis
xarjze
xdeba.
sabWoTa
kavSiris
droindel
sastumroebsa
da
sanatriumebSi (bevri maTgani dResac saxelmwifo sakuTrebas warmoadgens) erTi kacis
safasuri Cveulebriv dReSi 20 aSS dolars udris. zogierT aseT sakurorto adgilas
bevri
kerZo
sastumroa,
romlebic
gaxsnilia
adgilobrivi
turistebisTvis.
saqarTvelos
danarCen
teritoriaze
sacxovreblis
Sovna
xSirad
mxolod
araoficialuri gziT SeiZleba, xolo aseTi sacxovreblis safasuri odnav naklebia,
vidre TbilisSi.
msoflio turizmis organizacia xels uwyobs saqarTvelos mTavrobas turizmis
ganviTarebaSi iseTi saSualebebis meSveobiT, rogorc abreSumis gzis ideis
popularizacias, kulturuli kontaqtebis damyareba, turistuli momzadeba, kerZo
seqtorSi transportirebisa da sastumro biznesis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba.
turizmis Sesaxeb mTavrobis politikis erT-erT mTavar aspeqts warmoadgens
saqarTvelos turistul centrad gadaqceva da kerZod, sazRvargareTis turistuli
saagentoebi daarwmunon imaSi, rom saqarTveloSi moewyos meti gasvliTi turebi.
saministros mier turizmis ganviTarebaze mimarTuli samuSaos, romelic informaciis
gamoqveynebazea dayrdnobili, SeiZleboda garkveuli Sedegi gamoeRo, magram dRes am
sferoSi warmateba kerZo seqtors ekuTvnis.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mTavrobas SeuZlia turizmis sxva aspeqtebze
gaamaxvilos yuradReba, anu turizmis ganviTarebis iseT sferoze, romelSic
mTavrobas dRes yvelaze didi warmatebis miRweva SeuZlia, Tundac arauSualod.
kerZod, ucxoel stumrebze did STabeWdilebas axdens kargad movlili kulturuli
RirsSesaniSnaobebi da isini Semdeg xelmeoreT Camodian, anda TavianT megobrebs
urCeven Camosvlas. amrigad, imisTvis rom, saqarTvelo turistul centrad gadaiqces,
mTavrobas SeuZlia didi warmateba moipovos, Tu gazrdis danaxarjebs iseTi Senobanagebobebis SekeTebasa da movlaze, rogoricaa magaliTad muzeumebi da Teatrebi,
xolo iseTi sfero, rogorc informaciis gamoqveyneba da sastumro biznesia –
dauTmos kerZo seqtors.
turizmTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos mTavrobas Seaqvs cvlilebebi kodeqsSi.
Semosasvlel vizaze ukve arsebuli gadasaxadebis garda, turistebs albaT kidev
mouwevT axali gadasaxadebis gadaxda (savaraudod 10 aSS dolaris odenobiT)
qveyanaSi Sesvlisa da qveynidan gasvlis dros. qveyanaSi Semosvlaze dawesebuli
gadasaxadi Semosavlebs gazrdis im turistebis xarjze, romlebsac centraluri da
aRmosavleTi evropis zogierTi qveynebidan, magaliTad poloneTidan, saqarTveloSi
Camosasvlelad vizebi ar esaWirdebad; aseTi qveynebisTvis amgvari gadasaxadis
daweseba ufro xelsayreli unda iyos, vidre vizis gagrZelebasTan dakavSirebuli
sareglamento moTxovnebis dakmayofileba, rac gacilebiT met sirTuleebTanaa
dakavSirebuli. am gadasaxadze Semosavlebis miRebis perspeqtivam SeiZleba agreTve
ubiZgos mTavrobas gaauqmos vizasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi sxva qveynidan
Camosuli turistebisTvis: vizebi Semosavlis SedarebiT sust wyaros warmoadgens,
radganac vizebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli biurokratiis gamo turistebi xSirad
uars amboben qveyanaSi Camosavlaze. saqarTveloSi dafuZvnebuli organizaciidan
mosawvevis wardgenis moTxovna, romelic saqarTvelos standartuli vizis misaRebad
ganacxadis formiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli, warmoadgens erTgvar
dabrkolebas
potenciuri turistebisTvis.
46
dsT-s qveynebi agreTve ganixilaven turizmis ganviTarebis saSualebebs
vizebTan dakavSirebul moTxovnaTa gamartivebis gziT. amJamad saqarTvelos, somxeTsa,
azerbaijansa da yazaxeTs Soris moqmedebs SeTanxmeba, romlis mixedviTac am
romelime erTi qveynis viza ZalaSi iqneba danarCen qveynebSi moklevadiani vizitebis
drosac.
garkveul problemas, rogorc Cans, warmoadgens vizebTan dakavSirebuli
ormxrivi moTxovnebi: vinaidan saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs uxdebaT rTuli da did
danaxarjebTan dakavSirebuli proceduris gavla vizebis misaRebad (gansakuTrebiT
SeerTebul StatebSi), saqarTvelos mTavrobas, vizebTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebis
gasamartiveblad, an gasauqmeblad didi sirTuleebis gadalaxva mouwevs. problema
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom dasavleTis qveynebi, romlebsac masobrivi emigraciis sakiTxi
aRelvebT, vizebs ZiriTadad iyeneben imisaTvis, rom gaakontrolon Raribi qveynebidan
CamosulTa ricxvi, rac agreTve saqarTvelosac exeba. magram saqarTvelos ramdenadme
mniSvnelovani emigraciis saSiSroeba ar emuqreba (iseTi gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevis
garda, rogoricaa Turqi mesxebis problema, romlebsac Sua aziaSi gadasaxlebis
Semdeg saqarTveloSi dabrunebis imedi aqvT).
regionuli ganviTareba: SinameurneobaTa Semosavali
qveynis geografiuli teritoriisa da mosaxleobis simciris miuxedavad
(SotlandiasTan, an portugaliasTan SedarebiT), saqarTveloSi ekonomikis regionuli
ganviTarebis sakiTxs didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. regionTa Soris arsebuli sxvaobebi
qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebas yovelTvis ar aferxebs: magaliTad, im mkveTrma
sxvaobebma, romlebic arsebobs SeerTebuli Statebis aRmosavleT da dasavleT
mxareebs Soris, anda mis samxreTsa da dasavleTis centralur mxareebs Soris, xeli
ar SeuSala am qveyanaSi keTildReobis miRwevas. Tumca, regionTa Soris arsebul
sxvaobebs didi mniSvneloba eniWeba politikuri TvalsazrisiT – ara mxolod imitom,
rom mas Semdeg, rac sabWoTa kavSiridan gamoyofis Sedegad saqarTvelom
damoukidebloba moipova, qveyanas wilad xvda samxreT oseTsa da afxazeTSi momxdari
omebi, aramed kidev imitom, rom saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebel “klanebis”
politikas mniSvnelovani regionuli aspeqtebic axasiaTebs.
regionuli sxvaobebi da saerTo maxasiaTeblebi
qveynis regionTa Soris arsebuli sxvaobebisa da saerTo maxasiaTeblebis
gamokvlevis mizniT, Cvens mier gamoyenebul iqna Georgia Opinion Research Business
International–is mier mowodebuli SinameurneobaTa kvlevis monacemebi. es kvleva
Catarda saqarTvelos 15 raionul centrSi da zogierT msxvil qalaqSi, Tumca igi
yvela administraciul erTeuls ar moicavs. maSasadame, monacemTa klasificireba
moxda ara administraciuli erTeulebis safuZvelze, aramed Semdegi geografiuli
“zonebis” mixedviT: Tbilisi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo (dasavleTis mimarTulebiT,
qvemo da Sida qarTlis CaTvliT), dasavleT saqarTvelo (Savi zRvis sanapiros
gamoklebiT) da Savi zRvis sanapiro (foTi, ozurgeTi, qobuleTi da baTumi).
CamoTvlili
“zonebis”
farglebSi
qalaqebs
Soris
umniSvnelo
cvlilebebi
aRiniSneboda.
47
cvlilebebi regionebs Soris metwilad Seesabameba ukve cnobil informacias
socialuri da ekonomikuri viTarebis Sesaxeb, magram am kvlevis Sedegad mopovebul
iqna sakmaod bevri axali monacemic.
nax. 5.1: SinameurneobaTa kvlevis respondentTa Semosavlis ganawileba, regionuli
zonebis mixedviT
(lari/Tviuri ganakveTi, 1999 wlis Tebervali)
65%
60%
Tbilisi
Tbil.
aRmosavleTi
aRm.
das.
- - - - - - dasavleTi
sanap.
zRvispira
55%
50%
regioni
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
ar upasuxes
15 larze
naklebi
16-50 lari
51-100
51-100 lari
101-200
201-300
301-500
lari
lari
lari
501-700
lari
701-900
901-1100
lari
lari
1101-1300
lari
1301 lari
da meti
sem–
wyaro: GORBI/sem
–is SinameurneobaTa kvlevis monacemebi, 1999 wlis Tebervali
cxadia, rom Semosavlis ganawilebis regionuli modeli, regionuli sxvaobebis
ganxilvisas, sawyis punqts warmoadgens. erT sulze Semosavlebs Soris arsebuli
regionuli sxvaobebi xSirad struqturul problemebze miuTiTeben: ganviTarebadi
qveynebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semosavlis ganawilebis regionuli modeli, romlis
mixedviTac Semosavlebi da ekonomikuri zrda qveynis msxvil qalaqebSi gacilebiT
ufro maRalia vidre mis danarCen terotoriaze. ukeTesi infrastruqtura, romelic
Cveulebriv dedaqalaqisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, xels uwyobs meti kerZo
investiciebis mozidvas, ris Sedegadac dedaqalaqSi ufro maRali Semosavali da
swrafi ekonomikuri zrdaa vidre qveynis sxva regionebSi.
varaudobdnen, rom aseTi modeli Camoyalibdeboda saqarTveloSic, radganac
Tbiliss, qveynis sxva raionebTan SedarebiT, ukeTesi fizikuri da savaWro
infrastruqtura gaaCnia. rogorc nax. 5.1 gviCvenebs, es garkveul wilad simarTles
warmoadgens: mrudi, romelic miuTiTebs Semosavlis ganawilebaze TbilisSi, sxva
regionebis aRmniSvnel mrudebisgan odnav marjvniv aris mimarTuli da agreTve ufro
marjvniv aris gadaxrili, rac miuTiTebs did uTanabrobaze TviTon TbilisSi da,
agreTve, Zalze tipiuria dedaqalaqisTvis. marTalia zusti gansazRvra SeuZlebelia,
magram Sinameurneobebi, romelTa Semosavlebi TveSi 16-dan 50 laramde meryeobs,
TbilisSi SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebi TveSi daaxloebiT 8 lariT metia vidre
zRvispira raionebSi. Tavis mxriv, zRvispira regionis SinameurneobaTa Tviuri
Semosavlebi 8 lariT metia, vidre dasavleTis sxva regionebSi sadac, aRmosavleT
48
saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT, SinameurneobaTa Tviuri Semosavlebi 8 lariT ufro
maRalia.
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb es monacemebi Seesatyviseba regionuli ganviTarebis
Cveulebriv “centrifugis” models, sadac dedaqalaqis swrafi ekonomikuri zrda
TandaTan izidavs Soreul regionTa mosaxleobis sul ufro did nawils.
standartuli modelis mixedviT, es SeiZleba saziano iyos, vinaidan gamoiwvevs qneynis
Soreuli
regionebis
arasrul
dasaxlebas,
romelTa
mosaxleoba
metwilad
warmodgenili iqneba moxucTa mier, xolo dedaqalaqi Zalze mWidrod iqneba
dasaxlebuli.
meores mxriv, aRsaniSnavia, rom aRmosavleTi mxare, sadac Tbilisi mdebareobs,
qveynis oTx regionTagan yvelaze Raribia.
es faqti imaze metyvelebs, rom
saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTareba “centrifugis” standartuli modelis mixedviT
ar mimdinareobs. rogorc Cans, amis nacvlad, qveynis aRmosavleTsa da dasavleT
mxareebs Soris arsebobs garkveuli balansi, radganac zRvispira regionebSi
SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebi asaxaven im bunebriv upiratesobebs, romlebic
damaxasiaTebelia navsadgurisTvis. cxadia, rom “abreSumis gzis” mSenebloba garkveul
gavlenas axdens saqarTvelos regionul ganviTarebaze,
nax. 5.2: 1998 wlis ganmavlobaSi SinameurneobaTa biujetis cvlilebebi
(respondentTa pasuxebi, 1999 wlis Tebervali)
65%
60%
Tbilisi
aRmosavleTi
55%
dasavleTi
50%
zRvispira
regioni
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
bevrad ukeTesi
naklebad ukeTesi
igive darCa
naklebad uaresi
bevrad uaresi
sem–
wyaro: GORBI/sem
saintereso sakiTxs warmoadgens agreTve regionebis mixedviT SinameurnebaTa
biujetSi momxdari cvlilebebi. ganviTarebis “cetrifugis” standartuli modelis
Tanaxmad, SedarebiT mZlavrma ekonomikurma zrdam dedaqalaqSi xeli unda Seuwyos
SinameurneobaTa biujetis fardobiT gaumjibesebas. magram, rogorc nax. 5.2 cxadhyobs,
1998 wels saqarTveloSi sul sxva viTareba iyo: Tbilisis maCveneblebi,
SinameurneobaTa
biujetSi
momxdari
cvlilebebis
Sesaxeb,
praqtikulad
ar
gansxvavdeboda sxva regionebis maCveneblebisgan.
49
nax. 5.3: SinameurneobaTa biujetis cvlilebebi, 1998 w. dekemberi – 1999 w. Tebervali
65%
60%
Tbilisi
aRmosavleTi
55%
- - - - - -
50%
dasavleTi
zRvispira
regioni
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
gaxda cotaTi ukeTesi
gaxda berad ukeTesi
igive darCa
gaxda cotaTi uaresi
gaxda bevrad uaresi
wyaro: GORBI/sem
sem–
igive SekiTxva daisva saqarTveloSi savaluto krizisis Semdgom sami Tvis
ganmavlobaSi SinameurneobaTa biujetSi momxdari cvlilebebis Taobaze (1998 wlis
dekembridan 1999 wlis Tebervlamde). aq momxdar cvlilebebSi meti sxvaoba aRiniSneba,
Tumca, es gansxvaveba zRvispira regions exeba, sadac SinameurneobaTa biujetSi
asaxuli tendencia ufro imaze miuTiTebs, rom misi mdgomareoba ki ar gauaresdeba,
aramed ucvleli darCeba. amis raime garkveuli mizeziT axsna SeuZlebelia, magram
vinaidan Sefasebis periodi, 1 wlis nacvlad 3 Tves Seadgens, SeiZleba vivaraudod,
rom didi roli iTamaSa sezonurma faqtorebma.
nax. 5.4: 1998 wlis ganmavlobaSi SinameurneobaTa biujetis cvlilebebi
65 %
60%
T bil isi
aRmo savl eT i
55%
d asavl eT i
z Rvispir a r egi o ni
5 0%
45 %
40%
35%
T
3 0%
25 %
20%
1 5%
1 0%
5%
0%
Zal z e d ad ebiT i
o d nav d ade biT i
ar anair i an u mniS vnel o
o d nav u ar yo f iT i
Zal ze uar yo f iT i
wyaro: GORBI/sem
sem–
SinameurneobaTa
–is Sinameur
neobaTa kvlevis monacemebi, 1999 wlis Tebervali
50
gamokvlevis respondentebs dausves agreTve SekiTxva imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
pirdapiri Sedegi moaxdia laris gaufasurebam (imave dekember-Tebervlis periodis
ganmavlobaSi)
maT
SinameurneobaTa
finansur
mdgomareobaze.
am
sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT ramdenadme mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar aRiniSneba. aRsaniSnavia
agreTve isic, rom respondentTa 80-dan 90 procentamde ganacxada, rom laris
gaufasurebam uaryofiTad imoqmeda maT biujetze. es imaze miuTiTebs, rom qveyanaSi
lari sakmaod farTo brunavaSia, miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianTa did nawils
urCevnia danazogebi ucxouri valiutis saxiT Seinaxos.
nax. 5.5: SinameurneobaTa biujetSi mosalodneli cvlileba,1999 wlis ganmavlobaSi
65%
60%
Tbilisi
55%
aRmosavleTi
dasavleTi
50%
zRvispira regioni
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
1 5%
1 0%
5%
0%
bevrad ukeTesi
odnav ukeTesi
igive
odnav uaresi
bevrad uaresi
ar vici
sem–
wyaro: GORBI/sem
SinameurneobaTa biujetis Sesaxeb bolo SekiTxva exeboda ekonomikur prognozs:
Tu ramdenad optimisturad iyo ganwyobili mosaxleoba maTi biujetis 1999 wels
mosalodneli cvlilebis mimarT? am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT didi sxvaoba arsebobs,
Tumca – iseve, rogorc 1999 wlis dekember-Tebervlis periodis ganmavlobaSi
SinameurneobaTa biujetSi momxdari cvlilebebis SemTxvevaSi – sxvaoba ZiriTadad
gamoikveTa zRvispira da qveynis sxva regionebs Soris, vinaidan saporto mosaxleoba
ufro optimisturad iyo ganwyobili. aseve sainteresoa is faqtic, rom 1998 wels
SinameurneobaTa finansuri mdgomareobis gauaresebis miuxedavad, im adamianTa ricxvi
vinc 1999 wels biujetis gauaresebas varaodobda Zalze mcire iyo, samagierod
mcireoden gaumjobesebas sakmaod bevri eloda.
SekiTxvas qveynis infrastruqturis Sesaxeb Tbilisis stumrebsac usvavdnen: Tu
ra transportiT amjobinebdnen isini Camosvlas dedaqalaqSi? am SekiTxvaze pasuxebs
didi
gakvirveba
ar
gamouwvevia
da
metwilad
mgzavrobis
RirebulebasTan
dakavSirebul mosazrebas asaxavdnen: zogadi upiratesoba eniWeboda Cveulebriv
avtobusebs da ara samarSruto taqsebsa da kerZo manqanebs (romlebic, marTalia
ufro swrafia, magram SedarebiT Zviri). kidev erTi saintereso sakiTxi exeba im faqts,
51
rom adamianTa didi nawili zRvispira regionidan TbilisSi avtobusiT mgzavrobas
matarebliT mgzavrobas amjobinebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom matarebliT mgzavroba
TiTqmis yvela qalaqis mimarTulebiT SeiZleba, matareblebi ise nela dadian, rom
mgzavrTa did nawils urCevnia imoZravos avtobusiT - zRvispira regionii
gamonakliss warmoadgens, imis gamo, rom igi dedaqalaqidan didi manZiliT aris
daSorebuli da matarebliT mgzavroba erTi Ramis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc fulis,
aseve drois ekonomiaa.
nax. 5.6: satransporto
satransporto saSualebebi
(lari/Tviuri ganakveTi, 1999 wlis Tebervali)
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
aRmosavleTi
dasavleTi
30%
zRvispira
regioni
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
matarebeli
sakuTari
manqana
megobris
manqana
taqsi
samarSruto
taqsi
Cveulebrivi
avtobusi
wyaro: GORBI/sem
sem–
52
Tavi meeqvse. saerTaSoriso vaWroba
winamdebare
TavSi
ganxilulia
saqarTvelos
mso-Si
gawevrianebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da mocemulia miRweuli progresis Sefaseba masTan
dakavSirebul amocanebTan erTad. garda amisa, igi exeba saqarTvelos eqsportis
tendenciebs da gvawvdis 1998 wlis meore kvartlis monacemebs sxva qveynebis wilis
Sesaxeb saqarTvelos bazarze. iseve rogorc sem-is wina gamocemebSi, vaWrobis
deficiti am gamocemaSic meore TavSia ganxiluli, sadac mocemulia aseve
agregirebuli eqsportisa da importis registrirebuli monacemebi.
mso
mso-Si gawevrianeba
msoflio savaWro organizaciaSi (mso) gawevrianebis procesi mimdinareobda
1998 wlis bolo da 1999 wlis pirvel kvartlebSi. qveynis integracia msoflio
ekonomikaSi saqarTvelos xelosuflebis did interess warmoadgens. aqedan
gamomdinare, mso-Si gawevrianebis procesis daCqareba saqarTvelos mTavrobis
strategiuli mizania.
msomso-sTan molaparekebebis ganviTareba
mso-Si gawevrianebis procesi kompleqsuri xasiaTisaa, rac aisaxeba rTul da
xangrZliv ormxriv da mravalmxriv molaparakebebSi.
ormxrivi molaparakebebis mexuTe raundi gaimarTa JenevaSi 1998 wlis
14 - 17 dekembers,
romelSic
monawileobas
iRebdnen
mso-s
wevri
qveynebi:
evrogaerTianeba, aSS, avstralia, kanada, CexeTis respublika da slovakeTi,
Sveicaria da sxv. am Sexvedris dros iaponiis delegaciasTan xelmoweril iqna
SeTanxmeba, saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze molaparakebebis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb.
1999 wlis 8 – 11 marts JenevaSi Catarda ormxrivi molaparakebebis meeqvse
raundi aT qveyanasTan da mravalmxrivi samuSao jgufis Sexvedra saqarTvelos
mso-Si gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebiT. CexeTis respublikas, slovakiasa da
SveicariasTan dasrulda SeTanxmeba tarifebis Sesaxeb. aseve, dasasruls
miuaxlovda
sxva
ormxrivi
molaparakebebic.
rac
Seexeba
mravalmxriv
molaparakebebs, SeTanxmeba ver iqna miRweuli mTel rig mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze.
ormxrivi molaparakebebis bolo (meSvide) raundi kvlav JenevaSi gaimarTa
1999 wlis 12 – 16 aprils. saqarTvelos delegacia momaval or da mravalmxrivi
molaparakebebis
gamarTvas
ivnisSi
gegmavs.
am
molaparakebis
warmatebis
SemTxvevaSi, generalur sabWos miecemoda saSualeba samuSao jgufis angariSis
damtkicebisa ivlisSi.
savaldebulo moTxovnebi
Sexvedrebisas gamoyofil iqna ramodenime problema, arsebuli im sferoebSi,
romlebic gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxoven saqarTvelos mTavrobis mxeidan.
esenia:
•
ormxrivi molaparakebebi tarifebis Sesaxeb;
•
sagadasaxado reforma;
•
sabaJo reforma;
•
samarTali;
•
teqnikuri standartebi.
53
saerTaSoriso vaWroba
ormxrivi molaparakeba tarifebis Sesaxeb kvlav mimdinareobs. zogierTi
qveyana Semdgom koncesiebs moiTxovs. dRg-sagan ganTavisufleba da saaqcizo
gadasaxadebi Tambaqosa da alkoholur sasmelebze ganixileba rogorc problema.
Tambaqoze arsebuli gadasaxadebi arRveven GATT – is (General Agreement on Tarrifs and
Trade – zogadi SeTanxmeba tarifebsa da vaWrobaze) principebs, romlis
moTxovnebiTac yvela adgilobrivi gadasaxadi “ar unda exebodes importirebul an
Sida produqcias, raTa SesaZlebli iyos adgilobrivi produqciis dacva”. (GATT,
Tavi III).
drouli gawevrianebis mizniT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda SesabamisobaSi
moiyvanos sabaJo kanonmdebloba mso-s moTxovnebTan. gansakuTrebiT es Seexeba
sabaJo Sefasebas da sabaJo momsaxurebis gadasaxads. rac SeiZleba swrafad unda
iqnas miRebuli vaWrobasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi iseTi mniSvnelovani kanoni,
rogoricaa
kanoni
geografiuli
warmoSobis
Sesaxeb,
kanoni
teqnikuri
standartebis Sesaxeb da administraciuli procedurebis kodeqsi. Tu mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT, saqarTvelos prezidentis specialur gankargulebas (1998 wlis 5
dekemberi) mso-s vaWrobaze teqnikuri barierebis xelSekrulebasTan teqnikuri
standartebis harmonizebis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, unda Camoyalibdes gegma sabWoTa
savaldebulo standartebis gadasayvanad Tavisufal sistemaze, romelsac eqneba
mxolod limitirebuli raodenobis saqonelze savaldebulo standartizacia.
CanarTi 6.1
yirgizeTis respublikisa da latviis msomso-Si gawevrianeba
gawevrianeba
1998 wlis 14 oqtombers yirgizeTis respublikam da latviam warmatebiT
daasrules mso-Si gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebuli molaparakebebi. es ori qveyana
iyo pirveli yofili sabWoTa respublikebidan, romelic gaxda saerTaSoriso
savaWro organizaciis wevri.
yirgizeTis respublikam mso-s gawevrianebis ganacxadi gaakeTa 1996 wlis
TebervalSi,
xolo
misi
gawevrianebis
protokoli
damtkicebul
iqna
orweliwadnaxevris Semdeg. latviam igive molaparakebebi 1993 wlis aprilSi
daiwyo. molaparakebebi gaWianurda aSS-s mxridan, latviis samauwyeblo politikis
gamo. magram amJamad, latvia daTanxmda evrogaerTianebis msgavsi politikis
ganxorcielebas.
mso-Si gawevrianeba or qveyanas miscems saSualebas gaiumjobesos savaWro
urTierTobebi da gaaZlieros Tavisi ekonomikuri ganviTareba. mso-Si gawevrianebas
Sedegad aseve moyveba am qveynebis samarTlebrivi sistemis ganviTareba. mso-Si
gawevrianeba axali qveynebisaTvis niSnavs dabal sabaJo tarifebs ucxo qveynebSi,
upiratesi xelSewyobis reJimis statuss, ucxouri investiciebis zrdas da
msoflio bazarze diskriminaciisagan dacvas. sxva yofil sabWoTa respublikebTan
SedarebiT, latviisa da yirgizeTis respublikebis mso-Si adreul gaerTianebas
SeiZleba sxva upiratesobac hqondes – maT SeuZliaT mso-Si Tavisi pozicia
gamoiyenon mso-s arawevr Tavis uaxloes mezoblebze gavlenisaTvis. magaliTad,
latviis SemTxvevaSi es iqneba litva da estoneTi.
wyro: mso-s samdivno
saerTaSoriso bazrebze SeRwevis saSualebebi
saqarTvelos aqvs upiratesi xelSewyobis reJimis (MFN) mqone statusi
aSS-sTan, aseve aqvs gaformebuli partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis xelSekruleba
(PCA) evrogaerTianebasTan. vaWrobis konteqstSi, es ukanaskneli aris MFN-is
eqvivalenturi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Tumca saqarTvelos eqsportis ganviTareba
ar aris damakmayofilebeli, aSS-sa da evrogaerTianebis bazrebis mimarTulebiT
misi eqsporti izrdeba.
saqarTvelos eqsporti
54
saerTaSoriso
mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli is garemoeba, rom yvela monacemi
saqarTvelos vaWrobis Sesaxeb ukiduresad arazustia. iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa
vaWroba mesame samyaros qveynebis gavliT, satranzito vaWroba saqarTvelos
gavliT da aRuricxavi vaWrobis nakadi, did gavlenas axdens ara marto
saqarTvelos
statistikur
monacemebze,
aramed
sazRvargareTis
qveynebis
mTavrobebisa da saagentoebis monacemebzec. saqarTvelos oficialuri cifrebi,
Cveulebriv, yvelaze zust monacemebs Seicavs saqarTvelos vaWrobis Sesaxeb.
zogierTi saerTaSoriso wyaro, satranzito saqonelsac aRricxavs rogorc
saqarTveloSi warmoebul imports. amis yvelaze saocar magaliTs bamba
warmoadgens, romelsac saqarTvelo ar awarmoebs, magram, romelic zogierTi
saagentos mier aRricxulia, rogorc saqarTvelos eqsportis erT-erTi umTavresi
nawili. vaWrobis qarTuli statistikis monacemebi, Cveulebriv, aseT Secdomebs ar
uSveben.
saqarTvelos eqsportis mTavar ganmsazRvrels warmoadgens satransporto
kavSirebi da geografiuli siaxlove: saqarTvelos uSualo mezoblebis (ruseTi,
azerbaijani,
somxeTi
da
TurqeTi)
bazrebi
kvlav
rCeba
saqarTvelos
eqsportisaTvis umTavres bazrebad, magram sxva, axlos ganlagebuli, qveynebic
imedovneben miiRon saqarTvelos mTliani eqsportis mniSvnelovani wili. aqedan
gamomdinare, imisaTvis rom Semowmdes is qveynebi, romlebSic gadis saqarTvelos
eqsporti, saukeTeso gzaa maTi klasificireba im satransporto saSualebebis
mixedviT, romliTac isini gadian qveynidan. am TavSi saqarTvelos eqsporti
klasificirebulia Semdegi kategoriebis mixedviT: nax. 6.1 asaxavs TiToeuli am
jgufisadmi da danarCeni msofliosadmi mimarTuli eqsportis cvlilebebs
1996 wlidan.1
nax. 6.1 saqarTvelos eqsporti daniSnulebis adgilis mixedviT, 1996 I naxevari –
1998 II naxevari
(aTasi aSS dolari, eqsporti yovel naxevar weliwadSi)
45000
somxeTi+kaspiis
zRvis qveynebi
ruseTi
TurqeTi+des.Savi zRva
evrogaerTianebis
15 qvey.ana
CaTvz (NAFTA)
sxva
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
96 I nax.
96 II nax.
97 I nax.
97 II nax.
98 I nax.
98 II nax.
wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
rogorc amas naxazi gviCvenebs, saqarTvelos mezobel qveynebSi eqsportis
zrdis araviTari niSani ar arsebobs, maSin, roca ufro moSorebul manZilze myofi
qveybis (gansakuTrebiT evrogaerTianebis da CrdiloeT amerikis) bazrebze SeimCneva
1
mocemuli Tavis am nawilSi gamoyenebuli yvela naxazi gviCvenebs eqsports mocemuli periodisaTvis,
aSS dolarebSi, eqvsi Tvis manZilze, magram wliuri koeficientis mixedvuT. aqedan gamomdinare, 20
milioni aSS dolaris koeficienti drois 6 Tviani periodisaTvis aRniSnavs, rom, faqtiurad, am
periodSi importirebul iqna 10 milioni. (drois eqvsTviani periodebi gamoyenebulia samTvianebis
nacvlad, radgan 1996 wlis monacemebi ar aris surli)
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi -–1999 weli, #2
55
aRmavlobis tendencia.
moyvanilia qvemoT.
eqsportis
ganxilva,
TiToeuli
am
jgufis
mimarT,
eqsporti ruseTSi
eqsporti ruseTSi warmoadgenda saqarTvelos 1998 wlis mTliani, aRricxuli
eqsportis 28 procents. ruseTisaken saqarTvelos eqsportis mkveTri zrda aRiniSna
1997 wlis meore naxevarSi, magram igive maCvenebeli 1998 wlis pirveli eqvsi
TvisaTvis, didad ar aRemateboda 1996 da 1997 wlebis Sesabamis maCveneblebs.
aSkaraa 1998 wlis pirvel naxevarSi ruseTis ekonomikis krizisis gavlena: maSin,
roca 1997 wlis eqsportis maCvenebeli ufro maRali iyo wlis meore naxevarSi,
vidre pirvelSi (albaT, umTavresad Rvinisa da mineraluri wylis xarjze),
eqsporti ruseTSi 1998 wlis II naxevarSi naklebi iyo, vidre 1998 wlis I naxevarSi.
nax. 6.2: saqarTvelos eqsporti ruseTSi, 1996 wlis I naxevari – 1998 wlis II naxevari
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
96 I nax.
96 II nax.
97 I nax.
97 II nax.
98 I nax.
98 II nax.
eqsporti somxeTsa da kaspiispira qveynebSi
eqsporti somxeTsa da kaspiispira qveynebSi (azerbaijani da Sua aziis
qveynebi) warmoadgenda saqarTvelos 1998 wlis mTliani aRricxuli eqsportis
24 procents. eqsporti somxeTSi meryeobs SesamCnevi zrdis tendenciis gareSe,
maSin, roca azerbaijanSi eqsportis done stabilurad klebulobs, xolo
kaspiispira qveynebSi eqsporti gawonasworda dabal maCvenebelze.
cxrili 6.1: saqarTvelos eqsporti somxeTsa da kaspiispira qveynebSi
(aTasi aSS dolari)
I n. 1996
I n.
n.
1997
somxeTi
1,695
18,823
7,993
azerbaijani
16,708
8,100
12,590
irani
1,307
910
1,925
yazaxeTi
1,940
485
1,218
TurqmeneTi
5,486
7,946
3,245
uzbekeTi
1,551
1,307
610
tajikeTi
216
254
273
yirgizeTi
52
264
81
sul
28,955
38,089
27,935
56
II n.1996
II n.1997
10,949
12,494
1,853
2,443
2,370
4,136
372
99
34,715
I n.
1998
7,928
10,150
1,447
1,323
591
936
276
84
22,735
II n.1998
10,280
8,181
1,033
1,013
776
570
230
109
22,192
saerTaSoriso
nax. 6.3: saqarTvelos eqsporti somx
somxeTsa
eTsa da kaspiispira qveynebSi, 1996 wlis I
naxevarSi - 1998 wlis II naxevarSi
(aTasi aSS dolari, eqsporti naxevar weliwadSi)
20000
somxeTi
azerbaijani
irani
yazaxeTi
TurqmeneTi
uzbekeTi
sxva
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
96 I nax.
96 II nax.
97 I nax.
97 II nax.
98 I nax.
98 II nax.
eqsporti TurqeTsa da dasavleT Savi zRvis qvey
qveynebSi
nebSi
eqsporti TurqeTsa da dasavleT Savi zRvis qveynebSi warmoadgenda
saqarTvelos 1998 wlis mTliani aRricxuli eqsportis 18 procents. iseve rogorc
saqarTvelos sxva mezobel bazrebze, eqsporti am qveynebSi 1998 wlis meore
naxevarSi ufro dabalia, vidre 1997 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. aSkaraa, rom masze
didi gavlena iqonia ruseTis krizisma.
cxrili 6.2: saqarTvelos eqsporti TurqeTSi da dasavleT Savi zRvis qveynebSi
(aTasi aSS dolari)
I n. 1996
II n.1996
I n.
1997
TurqeTi
18,082
7,804
18,735
ukraina
3,741
1,658
2,726
bulgareTi
6,458
5,718
3,614
rumineTi
5
2,107
110
sul
28,286
17,287
25,185
II n.1997
17,042
5,660
5,129
0
27,832
I n.
1998
10,475
3,293
1,665
80
15,513
II n.1998
13,672
3,219
1,403
0
18,293
nax.
nax. 6.4: saqarTvelos eqsporti TurqeTsa da dasavleT Savi zRvis qveynebSi, 1996
wlis pirveli naxevari – 1998 wlis meore naxevari
20000
18000
TurqeTi
ukraina
bulgareTi
rumineTi
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
96 I nax.
96 II naax.
97 I nax.
97 II nax.
98 I nax.
98 II nax.
wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo depqrtamenti
57
eqsporti evrogaerTianebaSi
eqsporti evrogaerTianebaSi warmoadgenda saqarTvelos 1998 wlis mTliani
aRricxuli eqsportis 19 procents. eqsporti evrogaerTianebis wevri qveynebis
umetesobaSi sakmaod stabilurad izrdeboda 1996 da 1998 wlebs Soris – erTaderT
gamonakliss warmoadgenda belgia, sadac saqarTvelos eqsporti 1998 wlis meore
naxevarSi ufro dabali iyo, vidre 1997 wlis Sesabamis periodSi. meores mxriv,
safrangeTma 1998 wlis meore naxvarSi moaxdina 6 milioni dolaris Rirebulebis
mqone saqonlis importi ( SedarebiT mxolod 141 aTas aSS dolarTan 1998 wlis
pirvel naxevarSi da naklebi, vidre 100 aTasi aSS dolari yovelwliurad 1996 –
1997 wlebSi): es SeiZleba niSnavdes imas, rom belgiisaTvis gansazRvruli
saqarTvelos eqsportis erTi nawili mimarTul iqna safrangeTze.
cxrili 6..3: saqarTvelos eqsporti evrogaerTianebaSi
(aTasi aSS dolari)
I n. 1996
II n.1996
germania
1,771
safrangeTi
32
italia
1,683
holandia
466
didi
3,666
britaneTi
espaneTi
0
belgia
124
dania
398
saberZneTi
431
portugalia
155
avstria
2
fineTi
0
irlandia
0
luqsemburgi
0
SvedeTi
0
sul
8,728
wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo
I n.
1997
4,788
2
2,433
373
2,680
II n.1997
0
48
52
303
215
160
2
725
42
107
40
120
0
0
136
0
0
0
0
22
8,151
11,761
departamenti
2,674
43
57
174
4,716
II n.1998
108
17
2,659
313
1,529
I n.
1998
4,484
141
4,179
1,817
242
31
1,939
55
167
54
3
0
0
0
0
6,874
209
1,674
176
228
41
16
0
10
0
0
13,217
477
373
220
139
132
121
0
0
0
0
22,693
7,926
6,012
4,788
1,602
903
nax. 6.5: sqarTvelos eqsporti evrogaer
evrogaerTianebaSi,
TianebaSi, 1996 wlis pirveli naxevari _
1998 wlis meore naxevari
58
saerTaSoriso
9000
germania
safrangeTi
8000
italia
holandia
didi britaneTi
espaneTi
7000
belgia
sxva
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
96 I nax.
96 II nax.
97 I nax.
97 II nax.
98 I nax.
98 II nax.
eqsporti CrdiloeT amerikaSi
eqsporti CrdiloeT amerikis Tavisufali vaWrobis zonaSi (kanada, amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebi da meqsika) warmoadgenda saqarTvelos 1998 wlis mTliani
aRricxuli eqsportis 6 procents. NAFTA-s (CrdiloeT amerikis Tavisufali
vaWrobis zona) wevri qveynebidan, aSS umTavresi importioria. 1998 wlis pirvel
naxevramde stabiluri zrdis Semdeg, saqarTvelos eqsporti aSS-Si daeca 1998 wlis
meore naxevarSi (Tumca is mainc maRali iyo 1997 wlis Sesabamis periodTan
SedarebiT). Tumca ar arsebobs raime garkveuli mizezi saqarTvelos eqsportis
Semcirebisa aSS-Si, an raime sezonuri axsna imisa, Tu ratom aris is ufro dabali
wlis meore naxevarSi, vidre pirvelSi.
cxrili 6.5: saqarTvelos eqsporti CrdiloeT amerikis Tavisufali vaWrobis
zonaSi, 1996 wlis pirveli naxevari – 1998 wlis meore naxevari
I n. 1996
II n.1996 I n.1997
aSS
552
795
1,794
kanada
0
0
0
meqsika
0
0
0
sul
552
795
1,794
II n.1997
2,434
0
0
2,434
I n.1998
6,344
0
0
6,344
II n.1998
4,499
142
0
4,641
eqaporti sxva qveynebSi
eqsporti sxva qveynebSi warmoadgenda saqarTvelos 1998 wlis mTliani
aRricxuli eqsportis 6 procents.
cxrili 6.2: saqarTvelos eqsporti msoflios sxva danarCen qveynebSi
(aTasi aSS dolri)
I n. 1996
II n.1996 I n.1997
Sveicaria
3,937
3,267
8,699
belorusia
964
434
321
angilia
0
0
1,163
sxva
1,966
742
1,397
aul
6,867
4,443
11,580
II n.1997
5,150
740
5,769
1,964
13,624
I n.1998
5,437
416
0
2,357
8,210
II n.1998
11
343
0
2,473
2,827
59
nax. 6.6: saqarTvelos eqsporti msoflios danarCen qveynebSi, 1996 wlis pirvel
naxevarSi – 1998 wlis meore naxevarSi
(aSS milioni dolari, eqsporti eqvs TveSi)
16000
angilia
14000
Sveicaria
belorusi
a
sxvadasxva
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
96 I nax.
96 II nax.
97 I nax.
97 II nax.
98 I nax.
96 II nax.
saqarTvelos importi
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos aRricxuli importi stabilurad izrdeba
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi, mainc ar aRiniSneba importis aSkara zrda
umetesi araevropuli qveynebidan. kontrasts qmnis stabilurad mzardi importi
rogorc evrogaerTianebis wevri, aseve sxva evropuli qveynebidan.
evrogaerTianebas ekuTvnis saqarTvelos importis udidesi wili, magram
realuri suraTi gviCvenebs, rom importma ruseTidan gadaaWarba evrogaerTianebis
imports (aRricxuli importis maCveneblebi igivea, magram aRuricxavi importi
ruseTidan, rogorc Cans, Zalian mniSvnelovania).
nax. 6.6: saqarTvelos importis mimarTulebebi, 1996 wlis pirveli naxevari –
1998 wlis meore naxevari
(aTasi aSS dolari, eqsporti naxevar weliwadSi)
180000
somxeTi
azerbaijani
160000
ruseTi
TurqeTi
d. S. zRva
evr.gaerT.15
140000
danarC.evr.
Sua azia
120000
NAFTA
sxva
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
96 I nax.
96 II nax.
97 I nax.
97 II nax.
98 I nax.
98 II nax.
60
Tavi meSvide.
privatizacia da warmoeba
privatizacia
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi privatizaciis procesSi raodenobrivad didi
cvlilebebi ar yofila. ramdenime saSualo da msxvili sawarmo privatizebul iqna
meoTxe nulovan auqcionze. rac Seexeba saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis
sainvesticio tenderiT gayidvas aq didi siZneleebia.
saaqcio sazogadoeba
"WiaTurmanganumis" aqciaTa sakontrolo paketze gamocxadebulma tenderma ver
moizida myidveli xolo Tbilisis gazis gamanawilebeli kompania Tbilgazis aqciaTa
sakontrolo paketis mopovebaze gamarTuli tenderis Sedegebi gauqmda.
Tumca aris imis niSnebic rom privatizaciis procesi wlis bolosaTvis ufro
nayofieri iqneba.
saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom (sqms) daamtkica
obieqtebis nusxa romelTa privatizeba 1999 wels aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
nusxa
moicavs telekomunikaciebis seqtoris or sawarmos ("saqarTvelos telekomi" da
"saqarTvelos eleqtrokavSiri"), aT eleqtroenergiis generator sadgurs da
eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebel aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos kompaniebs, 33
msxvil samrewvelo sawarmos (maT Soris rusTavis "azoti", rusTavis "qimboWko",
"elmavalmSenebeli", "quTaisis saavtomobilo qarxana"), jandacvis seqtoris da
sarkinigzo transportis departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi sawarmoebis did
ricxvs.
saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizacia
1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis saprivatizaciod
damtkicebaSi progresi ar yofila da 1999 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT
saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis mTliani ricxvi
kvlav 1 300-s udris.
amasobaSi, saministrom 6 axali saaqcio sazogadoeba
Camoayaliba, 2 maTgani energetikis seqtorSi.
soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis,
arqiteqturisa da mSeneblobis, transportis da gazis seqtorebSi saaqcio
sazogadoebebis ricxvi TiTo erTeuliT gaizarda.
1998 wlis bolo kvartalSi progresi faqtiur privatizaciaSic umniSnelo iyo
da sem-is gamoTvlebis mixedviT, privatizebuli saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis
mTliani ricxvi 896-s udris.
rogorc 7.2 cxrilSia naCvenebi, udidesi warmateba
saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizebaSi miRweulia socialuri sferos da
mrewvelobis seqtorebSi, sadac Sesabamisad 98 da 95 procentia privatizebuli.
energetikis seqtori kvlav yvelas CamorCeba, Tumca aq 1999 wels progresia
mosalodneli (ix. eleqtroenergetikis seqtoris privatizaciis qveTavi).
rogorc
cxrili gviCvenebs, saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis mTliani ricxvis 80 procenti
privatizebulia.
(cxrili ar Seicavs 1999 wlis TebervalSi nulovani sastarto
fasiT Catarebuli fuladi auqcionis Sedegebs).
61
cxrili 7.1: saaqcio sazogadoebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT (sqms
(sqmssqms-s
klasifikaciiT
klasifikaciiT ) 1999 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT1
seqtori
damtkicebuli
daarsebuli
1998 wels
daarsebuli
mrewveloba
192
174
3
samTo qimia
31
25
0
purproduqtebi
61
24
2
soflis meurneoba da sursaTi
383
326
13
arqiteqtura da mSenebloba
219
212
5
sacalo da sabiTumo vaWroba
81
70
3
navTobproduqtebi
49
26
1
saqgazi
57
44
9
116
110
10
socialuri sfero
49
42
1
energetika
60
91
23
transporti
foTisa da baTumis aeroportebi
2
sul
0
1,300
1,144
0
70
wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro
cxrili 7.2: saaqcio sazogadoebebis privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT
(sem
(semsem-is klasifikaciiT) 1999 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT2
seqtori
daarseb ul i
pri vat i z eb ul i s
wili %
pr i vat i z eb ul i
sofl is meurneoba da kvebis mrewvel oba
270
243
90.0
mSenebl oba
148
128
86.5
energetika
145
12
8.3
mrewvel oba
274
262
95.6
mompovebel i mrewvel oba
20
9
45.0
momsaxureba
43
36
83.7
social uri sfero
53
52
98.1
sacal o da sabiTumo vaWroba
53
48
90.6
127
106
83.5
8 96
7 9. 1
transporti
sul
1 ,1 3 3
wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros monacemebze dayrdnobiT
privatizacia fuladi auqcioniT
sqms agrZelebs saaqcio sazogadoebebis aqciebis gayidvas fulad uaqcionebze.
aqciebi gamotanilia gasayidad sawyisi sastarto fasiT, romelic maTi nominaluri
Rirebulebis 150 procents Seadgens. es fasi gaumarTleblad maRalia, da bevri aqcia
xelmeored iqna gamotanili gasayidad 50 da 75 procentis fasdaklebiT. miuxedavad
amisa fulad auqcionebze aqciaTa Zalian mcire raodenoba iyideba.
pirvel
1
pirvel svetSi warmodgenilia saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli sawarmoebi, xolo meoreSi _ Sefasebuli
da saaqcio sazogadoebebad dafuZnebuli sawarmoebi.
cxrilSi ar aris mocemuli realurad
privatizebuli sawarmoebis Sesaxeb monacemebi.
ricxvebi meore svetSi SeiZleba aRematebodes pirvel
svetSi mocemuls, vinaidan sawarmoTa nawili, saaqcio sazogadoebad dafuZnebis procesSi, or an met
nawilad gaiyo. sqms seqtorul klasifikacias axdens sabWoTa dros sawarmos uwyebrivi daqvemdebarebis
mixedviT.
2
kerZo sawarmod CaTvlilia is, romlis aqciaTa 50 procentze meti kerZo mflobelis xelSia. 1 144
dafuZnebuli sawarmodan 11-is Sesaxeb monacemebi ar aris sqms-s monacemTa bazaSi. 7.2 cxrilSi seqtorebis
mixedviT dayofa ekuTvnis sem-s da gansxvavdeba 7.1 cxrilSi gamoyenebuli klasifikaciisagan. sqms
seqtorul klasifikacias axdens sabWoTa dros sawarmos uwyebrivi daqvemdebarebis mixedviT.
62
40 auqcionze gamotanil aqciaTa mxolod 0,5 procenti gaiyida (ix. statistikuri
danarTis cxrili A7.3).
sqms-m Caatara mesame da meoTxe auqcionebi nulovani sawyisi fasiT raTa
gaenaRdebina or da met fulad auqcionze warumateblad gamotanili aqciebis gayidva.
1999 wlis 27 ianvars sqms-m daamtkica mesame nulovani auqcionis Sedegebi, romelic
1998 wlis 7-21 dekembers Catarda. auqcionze gasayidad gamotanili iyo 202 saaqcio
sazogadoebis saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi myofi 15,44 milioni aqcia. aqciebis saerTo
nominaluri fasi 16 800 967 aSS dolars Seadgenda. auqcionze sul 1 959 ganacxadi
Semovida, maT Soris yvelaze meti - 51, saaqacio sazogadoeba "WiaTurmSeni"-s aqciebis
Sesasyidad.
auqcionze Semosulma mTlianma Tanxam 1 064 454 lari Seadgina. yvelaze meti
Tanxa 136 418 lari, Semovida saaqcio sazogadoeba "saqgvirabmSenis" aqciaTa SesaZenad.
yvelaze maRali kursiT - erTi aqciiis fasi 70 TeTri - gaiyida saaqcio sazogadoeba
"borjomis avtotransis" aqciebi, xolo yvelaze dabali kursiT - 0,2 TeTri
"energomSenis" aqciebi.
1998 wlis 27 dekembris prezidentis brZanebulebis Sesabmisad sqms-m Caatara
meoTxe nulovani auqcioni 22 ianvridan 8 Teberlis CaTliT.
nulovan auqcionze
gamotanili iyo 32 saaqcio sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifos wili - 7 969 074 aqcia,
romelTa nominaluri Rirebuleba 8 196 441 aSS dolars Seadgenda.
gasayidad
gamotanili
aqciebis
gayidvis
Sedegad
miRebulma
Tanxam
304 296 lari Seadgina.
yvelaze didi Tanxa 57 643 lari abaSis puris mimRebis
aqciebisaTvis iqna gadaxdili.
yvelaze maRali kursiT gayidul iqna saaqcio
sazogadoeba "mZleosnobis kompleqsis" aqciebi - erTi aqciis fasi 80 TeTri, xolo
yvelaze dabali kursiT, saaqcio sazogadoeba "xonis avtotransis" aqciebi - erTi
aqciis fasi 0,2 TeTri.
mTlianad auqcionze dafiqsirda 549 ganacxadi.
wina
nulovani auqcionisagan gansxvavebiT meoTxe nulovan auqcionze 19 saaqcio
sazogadoebis sakontrolo paketi iqna gamotanili da gayiduli.
privatizacia “sainvesticio tenderiT”
qveynis yvelaze msxvili sawarmoebis sainvesticio tenderis meSveobiT
privatizebis procesi mniSvnelovan siZneleebs ganicdis.
saaqcio sazogadoeba
"WiaTurmanganumis" (WiaTuris manganumis qarxana) aqciaTa sakontrolo paketisaTvis
gamocxadebulma tenderma verc erTi ganacxadi ver moagrova.
TebervalSi sqms-m
gaauqma
Tbilisis
gazis
gamanawilebeli
kompania
Tbilgazis
aqciaTa
76 procentisaTvis gamarTuli tenderis Sedegebi. gayidva gauqmda vinaidan sawarmos
valebis odenoba tenderis procesSi mocemul raodenobaze maRali aRmoCnda.
tenderSi gamarjvebulma kompania Intergas-ma (axla misi saxelwodebaa Sakgas-i) ukve
gadaixada 600 000 aSS dolari rogorc depoziti tenderSi monawileobisaTvis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom 1999 wels saprivatizacio obieqtebis nusxa Sedgenil
iqna pirvel kvartalSi sqms-s ar gamoucxadebia axali tenderi raime mniSvnelovani
sawarmos aqciaTa sakontrolo paketze.
msxvili mrewvelobis sawarmoebis, iseve
rogorc
energetikisa
da
telekomunikaciebis
seqtorebis
sawarmoebis
privatizaciisaTvis momzadebas dro esaWiroeba, amis gamo tenderebi jerjerobiT
mxolod naklebi mniSvnelobis mqone sawarmoebze iqna gamocxadebuli.
telekomunikaciis sistema
sistema
sqms-m
da
kavSirgabmulobisa
da
fostis
saministrom
(kfs)
daiwyes
telekomunikaciebis seqtoris privatizaciis momzadeba.
ramodenime sainvesticio
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mim
mimarTulebebi
arTulebebi _ 1999 weli, #2
63
banks daegzavna mowveva tenderSi monawileobisaTvis seqtoris privatizebaSi
finansuri mrCevlis statusis mosapoveblad.
saministroebi muSaoben seqtoris
ganviTarebis programaze uaxloesi 5-7 wlisTvis da grZelvadiani satarifo
politikis formirebaze.
ganixileba privatizaciaze momuSave saqarTvelos
telekomunikaciebis samuSao jgufSi ucxoeli eqspertebis monawileobis sakiTxi.
yovelive es sainvesticio bankis rekomendaciebTan erTad safuZvlad daedeba momavali
saprivatizacio tenderebis pirobebs.
sawarmoebis reorganizaciasTan da Semdgom
maTi organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis SecvlasTan dakavSirebiT, Sewydeba
telekomunikaciis seqtorSi saxelmwifo qonebis ijariT gacema.
ganxorcieldeba
licenziebis Seswavla da liceziebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis Sesrulebis
kontroli.
sqms-m daiwyo aseve "saqarTvelos eleqtrokavSiris" saaqcio sazogadoebad
Camoyalibebis procesi. martis bolosaTvis saministros teritoriuli organoebis
xelmZRvanelebma unda gansazRvron sawarmos sawesdebo kapitalis odenoba, Caataron
inventarizacia da Camoweron moZvelebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebi.
aseve unda
dadgindes personalis siac, aqciebis momavali ganawilebisaTvis.
restruqturizacia
restruqturizacia da privatizaciis Semdgomi RonisZiebebi
bevr SemTxvevaSi restruqturizacia ama Tu im sawarmos saprivatizaciod
momzadebisaTvis gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs.
restuqturizaciis Sedegad sawarmo
ufro faseuli, efeqturi da Sesabamisad investorisaTvis ufro mimzidveli xdeba.
msxvili sawarmoebis umravlesoba privatizaciamde moiTxovs restruqturizacias.
Tumca, arsebobs am procesis Semaferxebeli faqtorebic. erT-erTi maTgania is, rom
Zveli
sabWouri
mentalitetis
mqone
xelmZRvanelebi
ewinaaRmdegebian
restruqturizacias, vinaidan sawarmos Semcireba zomaSi menejmentis avtoritetis da
prestiJis Selaxvad aRiqmeba. msxvili sawarmoebis privatizebis Semaferxebeli kidev
erTi faqtoria arazusti finansuri dokumentebis warmodgena.
es iyo erT-erTi
ZiriTadi mizezi zogierTi msxvili sawarmos aqciaTa sakontrolo paketze gamarTuli
tenderebis Sedegebis gauqmebisa. sawarmoebis finansuri dokumentebis auditi xSirad
araswored aris Catarebuli da ar aris sando. es Semaferxebeli faqtorebi iwveven
iseT warumateblobebs, rogoricaa Tbilgazis gayidva da uaryofiT zegavlenas
axdenen ekonomikis ganviTarebaze.
warumateblobebis momavalSi Tavidan asacileblad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis da
donori organizaciebis mier, zogierTi zoma iqna miRebuli.
22 Tebervals
prezidentma gamosca brZanebuleba saxelmwifos wilobrivi monawileobiT Seqmnil
sawarmoTa marTvis Semdgomi gaumjobesebis, restruqturizaciisa da privatizaciis
daCqarebis gadaudebel RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb. saxelmwifos wilobrivi monawileobis
mqone sawarmoebis nusxa da maTTan dakavSirebuli informacia unda miewodos sqms-s.
sqms-m unda Seqmnas im sawarmoTa monacemTa baza sadac saxelmwifo flobs aqciebs da
Semdgom unda gansazRvros sawarmoTa nusxa, romelTa privatizacia unda moxdes
ekonomikis calkeuli seqtorebis zogadi saprivatizacio gegmis gaTvaliswinebiT. im
sawarmoebisaTvis, romlebic jer ar eqvemdebarebian privatizacias, sqms-m Sesabamis
saministroebTan da administraciul uwyebebTan erTad unda gadawyvitos menejmentTan
da momaval restruqturizaciasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
garda amisa, TebervalSi USAID-m daiwyo sqms-s privatizaciis procesis
daCqarebis da privatizebul sawarmoebSi saxelmwifos wilis menejmentis daxmarebis
programa.
programa 6 Tves gagrZeldeba da ucxoeli eqsperti imuSavebs
privatizaciis sxvadasxva sakiTxebze.
eqsperti imuSavebs ucxoel da adgilobriv
investorebTan
dasadebi
xelSekrulebebis
pirobebis
zust
dagegmvaze
raTa
Semcirebul iqnas problemebis warmoSobis albaToba privatizebis Semdgom periodSi.
ucxoeli eqspertis muSaoba moicavs yvelaze mniSvnelovani industriuli sawarmoebis
64
saprivatizaciod momzadebas, sawarmoebis daTvalierebas, maTi teqnikur-ekonomikuri
da finansuri potencialis analizs da maTi Rirebulebis Sefasebas.
1999 wlis dasawyisSi parlamentma miiRo kanoni fasiani qaRaldebis bazris
Seqmnis Sesaxeb. kanoni ayalibebs fasiani qaRaldebis bazris moqmedebis wesebsa da
proceduras.
Tumca, rogorc Cans, srulfasovnad moqmedi safondo birJis
Camoyalibebas dro dasWirdeba, vinaidan ar aris sakmarisi raodenoba momgebiani
sawarmoebisa, romelTa aqciebze SeiZleba vaWroba gaimarTos.
eleqtroenergetikis seq
seqtoris
toris privatizacia
dResdReobiT eleqtroenergetikis seqtori Rrma krizisSia da saswrafo
reabilitacias saWiroebs.
ucxoeli eqspertebis SefasebiT mTlian reabilitacias
daaxloebiT 3 miliardi aSS dolari daWirdeba.
vinaidan ararealuria sruli
reabilitaciis Catareba, arc adgilobrivad arsebuli saxsrebiT da arc donorebis
daxmarebiT, erTaderTi gza aris ucxouri investiciebis mozidva seqtoris
privatizebis meSveobiT3. sqms-m da sxva Sesabamisma uwyebebma SeimuSaves saqarTvelos
eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli kompaniebis da generaciis obieqtebis reabilitaciaganviTarebis samoqmedo programa, romelic gansazRvravs eleqtroenergetikis
gamanawilebeli kompaniebis da generaciis obieqtebis privatizebisa da marTvis
uflebiT gadacemis vadebs da procesis ganxorcielebis gegmas.
samoqmedo programa iTvaliswinebda gamanawilebeli kompaniebis (aRmosavleT
da dasavleT saqarTvelo) da ramodenime generaciis obieqtis privatizacias 1999 wlis
1 martamde. kompaniebis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebi unda gaiyidos an unda gadaeces
grZelvadian aranakleb 25 wliT marTvis uflebiT / ijariT gamosyidvis uflebis
gareSe4. privatizacia unda ganxorcieldes tenderis an pirdapiri miyidvis meSveobiT.
sqms-m, saTbobisa da energetikis saministrom da meril linCma, rogorc privatizaciis
finansurma mrCevelma, unda daajgufon regionaluri gamanawilebeli kompaniebi or,
aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos gamanawilebel kompaniad, raTa moaxdinon maTi
privatizacia.
1999 wlis 1 martamde saprivatizaciod unda iqnes gamotanili
tyibulhesis, Saorhesis, xrami I, rionhesis, gumaTis, Tbilisis Tboqselis, Tbilsresis
da aseve (jer saaqcio sazogadoebad ar dafuZnebuli) zahesis da orTaWalis eleqtro
sadgurebis aqciebis 75 procentamde paketebi.
lajanurhesis, xrami II, da varcixis
kaskadis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebi gamotanili iqneba saprivatizaciod im donor
organizaciebTan
konsultaciebis
Semdeg,
romlebic
afinanseben
am
darCenili aqciebi SeiZleba
hidroeleqtrosadgurebis reabilitaciis proeqtebs.
gaiyidos specializebul auqcionebze, sadac yvela msurvels eqneba maTi SeZenis
saSualeba.
sxva moTxovnebTan erTad tenderis monawileebma unda warmoadginon
finansuri winadadebebi da investiciebis ganTavsebis grafiki raTa uzrunvelyon
gamanawilebeli da mwarmoebeli kompaniebis reabilitacia da uzrunvelyon zahesis da
orTaWalis (rodesac gadaiWreba misi qonebis ijariT gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebi) saaqcio sazogadoebebad gardaqmna 1999 wlis 1 aprilamde. gamanawilebeli
kompaniebis da Tbilsresis privatizacia prioritets warmoadgens.
sqms meril
linCTan
erTad
Caatarebs
mosaxleobis,
investorebis,
ucxouri
saelCoebis
saqarTveloSi
da
qarTuli
saelCoebis
ucxoeTSi
informirebis
kampanias
privatizaciis programasTan dakavSirebiT.
3
3 miliardi aSS dolari Zalian maRali cifria (saqarTvelos wliuri mSp-s daaxloebiT 60 procenti) da
ucxouri investiciebic ki ver uzrunvelyofs seqtoris srul reabilitacias.
maSasadame, seqtori
SesaZloa zomaSi Semcirdes.
4
amerikulma kompaniam AES Silk Road Holdings B.V., 1998 wlis bolos Seisyida Telasis (Tbilisis
gamanawilebeli kompania) aqciaTa 75 procenti (ix. sem #1, 1999, eleqroenergetikis seqtoris
privatizaciis qveTavi).
mimarTulebebi
65
samoqmedo
programis
mixedviT
saqarTvelos
eleqtroenegetikis
maregulirebelma eruvnulma komisiam unda ganixilos grZelvadiani tarifebis
politikis SemoRebis sakiTxi da saTbob-energetikis saministrosTan erTad 1999 wlis
1 martamde uzrunvelyos eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazris SeqmnisaTvis aucilebeli
samarTlebrivi bazis Camoyalibeba.
miuxedavad imisa rom programis ganxorcieleba bevr aspeqtSi ver moxerxda
ganrigiT dagegmil vadebSi, zemoT aRniSnulma RonisZiebebma SeiZleba safuZveli
Seuqmnas seqtoris momaval reabilitacias da Sesabamisad gaaumjobesos qveyanaSi
eleqroenergiis miwodeba, Tu es RonisZiebebi swored iqna ganxorcielebuli. Tumca
seqtorSi arsebuli korufciis gaTvaliswinebiT es Znelad misaRwevi mizani iqneba.
mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia
mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia kvlavac yvelaze didi warmatebiT mimdinareobs.
1999 wlis 1 inavris mdgomareobiT saprivatizaciod damtkicda 12 088 mcire sawarmo,
xolo 12 860 faqtiurad privatizebulia. 648 mcire sawarmo privatezebul iqna meoTxe
kvartalSi.
7.3 cxrilSi mocemuli seqtoruli monacemebiT privatizebuli mcire
sawarmoebis 80 procentze meti vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis sferoebs ganekuTvneba.
energetikis seqtori kvlav yvelaze naklebad privatizebulia.
cxrili 7.3: mcire sawarmoebis privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT (sqms
(sqmssqms-s
klasifikacia), 1999 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT5
seqtori
damtkicebuli
privatizebuli
mTlianad
pri vatizebuli
privatizebulis
1998 wels
%
mrewveloba
345
254
2.0
9
energetika
33
33
0.3
3
purproduqtebi
140
99
0.8
1
sofli s meurneoba da kvebis produqtebi
584
478
3.7
112
mSenebloba
224
281
2.2
20
sacalo da sabiTumo vaWroba
4,532
4,725
36.7
219
sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba
1,094
4,970
5,594
43.5
navTobproduqtebi
166
166
1.3
1
jandacva
747
552
4.3
9
socialuri sfero
246
560
4.4
155
transporti
101
118
0.9
22
12,088
12,860
100.0
1,645
sul
statistikuri danarTis A7.2 cxrilis mixedviT, mcire sawarmoTa umetesoba
TbilisSia privatizebuli.
1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi regionebis umetesobaSi
mcire sawarmoTa privatizeba mniSvnelovanad progresirebda.
aWaris avtonomiur
respublikaSic ki, sadac privatizaciis procesi ramodenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi
SeCerebuli iyo, 1998 wlis bolos 39 mcire sawarmo iqna privatizebuli.
sawarmoTa Sesyidva insaiderebis mier grZeldeba, rac imis mimaniSnebelia rom
mTavroba privatizaciidan met Semosavals miiRebda ufro gamWvirvale meTodebi rom
yofiliyo gamoyenebuli. magram is rom sawarmoebi kerZo mflobelobaSia, saboloo
jamSi, yvelaze mniSvnelovani winsvlaa: Tu insaiderebi CaTvlian, rom sawarmos
warmatebiT ver marTaven, isini maT ufro efeqtur mepatroneebs miyidian.
5
imis gamo, rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba
aWarbebdes gasayidad damtkicebulTa ricxvs. mcire sawarmoTa sruli ricxvi, romelic moicavs
saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoebsac, ar aris cnobili. mcire sawarmoebad iTvleba isini,
romelTa aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba 1993 wlis 1 aprilisTvis 44 000 aSS dolars ar aRemateba.
66
miwis privatizacia
rogorc ukve ganxiluli iyo sem-is wina gamocemaSi 1998 wlis 28 oqtombers
parlamentma miiRo kanoni "saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli arasasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwis marTvisa da gankargvis Sesaxeb".
arasasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwis privatizaciis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia auqcionsa Tu
tenderze gamotanili miwis nakveTis minimaluri gasayidi fasis dadgena. tenderze da
auqcionze gamoiyeneba normatiuli fasi, romelic sawyis gasayid fass warmoadgens.
1999 wlis 25 ianvars ekonomikisa da finansTa saministroebma daamtkices
arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTis normatiuli fasis dadgenis
meTodologia (ix. CanarTi 7.1).
meore kanoni, romelic aregulirebs fizikuri pirebisa da kerZo samarTlis
iuridiuli pirebis sargeblobaSi arsebuli arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwis kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadacemas, warmatebiT iqna amoqmedebuli. 1999 wlis aprilis
mdgomareobiT fizikuri pirebisa da kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis
sargeblobaSi arsebuli arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis 1 335 heqtaramde miwa
gadaica sakuTrebaSi.
es procesi kargad daiwyo da aprilisTvis Semosavalma
2,8 milioni lari Seadgina. Tumca, qarTuli valutis devalvaciam uaryofiTi gavlena
iqonia miwis Semdgom privatizaciaze. vinaidan erTi kvadratuli metri miwis fasi
iangariSeba larebSi, laris devalvaciam gamoiwvia is, rom bevrma fizikurma da
iuridiulma pirma Tavi Seikava miwis yidvisagan da misi ijariT aReba gadawyvita.
CanarTi 7.1
erTi
kvadratuli
metri
arasasoflo-sameurneo
normatiuli fasis gamoangariSeba Semdegi gantolebiT xdeba:
daniSnulebis
miwis
Cn = Img x ITL x C x K
sadac Cn aris erTi kvadratuli metri arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwis normatiuli fasi, Img aris Sesabamisi qalaqis (raionis) makromdebareobis
indeqsi, ITL aris lokalur teritoriuli indeqsi da misi gansazRvra xdeba Sesabamisi
qalaqis (raionis) adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis organos mier teritoriuli zonirebis
safuZvelze, C aris saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsiT dadgenili sabaziso
ganakveTi arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis erT kvadratul metrze da misi
mniSvneloba 0,24 laris tolia, K aris Sesabamisi qalaqis (raionis) adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobis organos mier dadgenili miwis normatiuli fasis maregulirebeli
koeficienti, romlis minimaluri odenoba udris 20-s.
makromdebareobis indeqsi Img dgindeba qalaqebisa da soflebisaTvis 10 000-ze
meti mcxovrebiT da ganisazRvreba dasaxlebaTa Semdegi parametrebis mixedviT:
1) mosaxleobis raodenoba (P1); 2) administraciuli statusi (P2); 3) sameurneo da
funqciuri profili (P3); 4) simaRle zRvis donidan (P4); 5) satransporto
infrastruqturiT uzrunvelyofa (P5); 6) adgili gansaxlebis sistemaSi (P6). indeqsi
gamoiTvleba zemoxsenebuli parametrebiT, romlebic dayofilia kategoriebad da
TiTeul kategorias miniWebuli aqvs Sesabamisi bali aTbaliani skaliT. (magaliTad,
pirveli parametri aris mosaxleobis raodenoba da qalaqs, romlis mosaxleoba erT
milions aRemateba, miniWebuli aqvs 10 bali, xolo qalaqebs 10 000-ze naklebi
macxovrebliT - miniWebuli aqvs 1 an 2 bali).
makromdebareobis indeqsis dadgena xdeba Semdegi formuliT:
mimarTulebebi
67
Σ Pj
Img = ------Pmax
sadac Σ Pj aris "j"-uri qalaqis an raionis mier mogrovebuli balebis jami da Pmax
aris balebis jamis maqsimumi (60).
qalaqebSi (raionebSi) teritoriuli zonirebis gamoyofa da Sesabamisad
lokaluri teritoriuli indeqsis ITL gansazRvra 6 kriteriumis gaTvaliswinebiT
xdeba. TbilisSi da im qalaqebSi, romelTa mosaxleoba aRemateba 50 000, zonireba
orsafexuriania.
Tavdapirvelad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi zona - centraluri,
Sualeduri da periferiuli; meore etapze ZiriTad zonebSi dgindeba qvezonebi
(teritoriul-struqturuli erTeulebi). qalaqebSi (raionebSi) 10 000-dan 50 000-mde
mcxovrebiT zonireba erTsafexuriania - mxolod sami ZiriTadi zona gamoiyofa.
qalaqebSi, romelTa mosaxleoba ar aRemateba 10 000-s zonireba ar aris
rekomendirebuli (zonirebis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba 10 000-dan 50 000-mde
mcxovrebiT qalaqebisaTvis gansazRvruli wesi). lokaluri teritoriuli indeqsis
diferencireba zonebisa da qvezonebis mixedviT xdeba 0,5-dan 1,5-mde. yvela qalaqis
Sualedur zonaSi indeqsi 1,0-is tolia.
warmoeba
soflis meurneoba
soflis meurneobis seqtorisaTvis kreditebi xelmiuwvdomeli iyo nawilobriv
imitom, rom komerciuli bankebis umravlesobas ar gaaCndaT fermerebisTvis sesxis
gacemis gamocdileba. Sesabamisad, gamudmebiT arsebobda manqanebis, saTadarigo
nawilebisa da sasuqis nakleboba. xSirad gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebi ganicdidnen
samuSaod saWiro sabrunavi kapitalis naklebobasac. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis
privatizaciis neli tempi kidev erT problemas warmoadgenda: didi raodenobis
sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi, gayidvis nacvlad, ijariT iqna gacemuli regionebis
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier. miwis aRweris saTanado sistemisa da dazRvevis ar
arsebobam fermerTa umravlesobisaTvis gaarTula kreditebis miRebis SesaZlebloba;
miwis aRricxva amJamad ukve mimdinareobs, rac fermerebs Tavisi miwis giraod
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas miscems.
soflis meurneobis dafinanseba kvlav warmoadgens mniSvnelovani donoruli
saqmianobis sferos. individualuri fermerebisTvis da sakredito gaerTianebebisTvis
sxvadasxva sakredito xazebia xelmisawvdomi. soflis meurneobis saministros
Tanaxmad, ukve arsebobs 100 meti sakredito gaerTianeba. garda amisa, kidev
50 sakredito gaerTianeba unda Camoyalibdes afxazeTidan da samxreT oseTidan
droebiT gadaadgilebul pirTaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom donorebi kmayofili arian
kredotoruli kavSirebis Seqmnis procesiT, zogierTi qarTuli saSuamdgomlo banki
ukmayofilebas
gamoTqvavs.
kerZod,
evrogaerTianebis
soflis
meurneobis
regionuli reformis programam warumateblad scada saCivris aRZvra oTxi bankis
winaaRmdeg, romlebic mas kredits ar ubrunebdnen. albaT bankebis mimarT aseTi
ukmayofilebis gamo, donorebis mier axali safinanso dawesebulebebi yalibdeba.
dekemberSi evrogaerTianebam Caatara tenderi soflis meurneobis axali bankis
daarsebisaTvis da iaponiis mTavrobam saqarTvelosTvis gamoyo granti iseTi
finansuri centris Camosayalibeblad, romelic fermerebs miaqiravebda manqanebs.
sasoflo-sameurneo produqciaze msjeloba kvlav Znelia. cudi mosavali xSirad
aris dasaxelebuli 1998 wlis saqarTvelos ekonomikis siZneleebis erT-erT mizezad.
68
soflis meurneobisTvis dagegmili saxelmwifo xarjebis Semcirebas SesaZloa
moexdina uaryofiTi gavlena zogierTi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis warmoebaze,
Tumca sagulisxmoa, rom am efeqtis Sesusteba SesaZlebeli iqneboda struqturuli
gaumjobesebis meSveobiT. amaSi Sedis sul ufro mzardi xelmisawvdomoba ZiriTad
sasoflo-sameurneo nedleulze, teqnikuri daxmarebis proeqtebisa da sxvadasxva
saxis kreditebis arseboba. Cais warmoeba, razec didi daxmareba iqna gamoyofili,
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebis Tanaxmad,
1997 welTan SedarebiT, Cais warmoeba 1998 wels 43 procentiT ufro maRali iyo.
Tumca, xorblis mosavali gasul welTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT cudi iyo da
mosavlis saSualod daaxloebiT 35 procentiT Semcireba iqna dafiqsirebuli.
yvela maCveneblis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos kvebis mrewvelobis seqtori
mniSvnelovnad izrdeba. saqarTveloSi warmoebuli produqcia, rogoricaa xilis
wvenebi, ualkoholo sasmelebi, ludi da rZis produqtebi matulobs da es zrda
savaraudoa, rom momavalSic gagrZeldeba. es aris swored is produqcia, romelzec
qarTvel mewarmeebs aqvT upiratesoba importirebul nawarmTan SedarebiT, rac
ganpirobebulia transportirebis dabali fasebiTa da iafi adgilobrivi warmoebis
sasoflo-sameurneo nedleulis siWarbiT.
qarTul-amerikuli SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis kompania Sante Walsh Products
romelic 1998 wlis TebervalSi daarsda, swrafad xdeba ualkoholo
(SWP),
sasmelebisa da rZis produqtebis erT-erTi wamyvani adgilobrivi sawarmo. Tbilisis
gareubanSi mdebare es sawarmo iyenebs tetrapakis teqnologias forToxlisa da
vaSlis wvenebis, rZisa da Sokoladiani rZis SefuTvisaTvis. es sawarmo uSvebs aseve
rZis produqtebs plastmasis kolofebSi. 1997 da 1998 wlebSi am sawarmos rogorc
produqciis mculoba, ise investicia orjer metad gaizarda da mosalodnelia kidev
orjer gazrda 1999 welsac. 1999 wlis ianvarSi axali sawarmoo xazi iqna gaxsnili.
marketingi da ganawileba warmoadgens im or mTavar sferos sadac investireba
yvelaze metad aris saWiro, radgan tetrapakis xazis simZlavre Seadgens 30 000
litrs dReSi, xolo santes warmoebis moculoba 1998 wlis bolos, rodesac daiwyo
xilis wvenebis warmoeba, daaxloebiT 30 000 litrs TveSi Seadgenda. santem warmoeba
daiwyo nedleulis importiT, xolo amJamad dasaxuli aqvs adgilobrivi nedleulis –
axali rZis CaTvliT – gamoyenebis gegmebi, rasac dadebiTi efeqti eqneba soflis
meurneobisTvis.
samTosamTo-mompovebeli mrewveloba
WiaTuris manganumis privatizaciis istoria 1998 wlis meore naxevarSi kvlav
grZeldeboda. myidveli iyo rusuli kompania “industria”, romelsac SeeZlo
gadaexada mxolod 100 aTasi amerikuli dolari gasayidi fasis 1 milioni dolaridan.
gadaxdis mravaljer gadavadebis Semdeg, noembris dasawyisSi, saqarTvelos
xelisuflebam gaauqma sawarmos gayidva, magram noembris Sua ricxvebSi kvlav misca
yidvis
Sansi
“industriis”
mflobels
“nostas”.
sabado
ekonomiurad
sicocxlisunariani Cans da amitom samTo-mompovebeli kompaniebis an investorebis
(rogoricaa
rekonstruqciisa
da
ganviTarebis
evropuli
banki)
mozidvis
warumateblobis mizezi iqneba is uamravi piroba, romelic Tan axlavs sawarmos
gayidvas.
ukeTesi mdgomareobaa qvemo qarTlSi sawarmo “madneulTan” dakavSirebiT.
qarTul-avstraliuri erToblivi sawarmo acxadebs, rom is mzad aris moaxdinos erTi
tona oqros eqsporti, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris droindeli spilenZis wididan aris
miRebuli.
qvanaxSiris warmoeba ganaxlda 1998 wlidan, magram kvlav damokidebuli rCeba
qveynis Sida moTxovnebze. jer gaurkvevelia, iqneba Tu ara es maRaro xangrZlivad
ekonomikurad sicocxlisunariani. mopoveba xdeba oTxi qvanaxSiris maRarodan
mimarTulebebi
69
tyibulis raionSi zemo imereTSi. mopoveba maTgan sam maRaroSi mxolod wels
ganaxlda. maRaroebis momgebianoba didad aris damokidebuli qvanaxSiris miwodebaze
zestafonis fero-SenadnobTa qarxnisaTvis, romlis warmoebas ziani miayena WiaTurmanganumis “industriisaTvis” miyidvis procesis SeCerebam. Sesabamisad, moxda
qvanaxSiris dagroveba misi gayidvis nacvlad da maRaroelTa xelfasebi ar gacemula.
navTobi
navTobis warmoeba praqtikulad erT doneze iyo 1998 wels, rac saSualod
Seadgenda 30 000 tonas kvartalSi (2 500 bareli dReSi). saqarTveloSi, ZiriTadad
kaxeTis aRmosavleT regionSi, romelic esazRvreba navTobiT mdidar azerbaijans,
moqmedebs sul 14 patara da erTi didi navTobis sabado. gaerTianebuli samefos
kompania JKX kvlav saqarTvelos mTavari navTobis mrewvelia, romelic kaxeTSi
ninowmindis sabadodan awarmoebs daaxloebiT 1 600 barel navTobs dReSi. erT-erT
sainformacio gamoSvebaSi moyvanili monacemebis Tanaxmad, niniwmindis sabados
rezervi daaxloebiT 7 milion tonas (50 milioni bareli) Seadgens da momavali oTxi
wlis manZilze warmoeba SesaZloa gaizardos daaxloebiT 15 000 barelamde dReSi.
garda amisa, miuxedavad navTobis dabali fasebisa, rac Cveulebriv iwvevs
saZiebo Tanxebis biujetis Semcirebas navTobkompaniebis mier, saqarTveloSi
minmdinareobs navTobis saZiebo samuSaoebi. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis kompaniam
ARCO-m saqarTvelos saxelmwifo navTobkompaniasTan erTad (saqnavTobi) daarsa
erToblivi sawarmo ARCO-Georgia Savi zRvis navTobis sabadoebis oTxwliani kvlevis
Catarebis mizniT. imavdroulad gaerTianebuli samefos kompaniam Ramco Energy-m
kaxeTSi navTobis ori sabado aRmoaCina da gansazRvruli aqvs 2000 wlidan daiwyos
navTobis mopoveba. tipiuri Sefasebis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos navTobis mTliani
rezervi Seadgens 600 milion tonas (4 000 milioni bareli).
gadamamuSavebel seqtorSi Frontera apirebs TbilisSi 2 milioni
moculobis
navTobgadamamuSavebli
qarxnis
aSenebas.
arsebobs
aseve
navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis aSenebisa baTumSic.
tonis
gegma
gazi
Tbilgazis privatizaciis tenderi gauqmda misi 35 milioni laris davalianebiT
gamowveuli kamaTis Semdeg. tenderSi gamarjvebuli pretendenti - saqgazi, romelic
aris 76 procentiani sakontrolo paketis mflobeli, fiqrobda, rom valebi
Camoewereboda. amJamad man uari ganacxada Sesyidvis xelSekrulebis dadebaze da
iTxovs winaswar gadaxdili 600 aTasi amerikuli dolaris ukan dabrunebas. MSPM-s
Tbilgazis gayidvaSi saerTaSoriso sainvesticio bankis daxmarebis imedi aqvs.
energetika: eleqtroenergia
1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi eleqtroenergiis qveynis Sida gamomuSaveba wina
kvartalTan SedarebiT 7 procentiT gaizarda, magram 1997 wlis meoTxe kvartalTan
SedarebiT 10 procentiT Semcirda. aseTi zrda gamowveuli iyo gardabnis
Tboeleqtrosadguris mier eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis gazrdiT, romelic 3-jer
met eleqtroenergias gamoimuSavebda vidre 1997 wlis Sesabamis periodSi (ix.
statistikur danarTis cxrili A7.5).
1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi eleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba 11 procentiT
Semcirda 1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalTan da 10 procentiT ki Sesabamis kvartalTan
SedarebiT. hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mier eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis Semcireba
70
gamowveuli iyo wylis resursebis simciriT, rac, Tavis mxriv, 1998 wlis gvalvis
Sedegi iyo. deficiti nawilobriv kompensirebul iqna gardabnis Tboeleqtrosadguris
mier gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiiT, romelsac 1995 wlis Semdeg gamomuSavebuli
eleqtroenergiis yvelaze maRali kvartaluri maCvenebeli hqonda (ix. statistikur
danarTis cxrili A7.5).
1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalsa da 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi qselis saerTo
momarageba umniSvnelod Semcirda 1997 da 1998 wlis Sesabamis periodebTan SedarebiT.
meoTxe kvartalSi daregistrirebuli eleqtroenergiis didi eqsporti TurqeTSi
SeCerda 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi. pirvel kvartalSi saqarTvelom aseve Seamcira
importi ruseTidan da nacvlad amisa gazarda eleqtroenergiis importi somxeTidan,
rac gamowveuli iyo privatizebuli sadistribucio kompaniis - Telasis axali
menejmentis mier ganxorcielebuli pirdapiri SesyidvebiT.
nax. 7.1: eleqtroenergiis warmoeba
3 000
2 500
gvtsT
.
2 000
1 500
qselSi mTliani miwodeba
1 000
privatizebuli da
saijaro sawarmoebi
wminda importi
saxelmwifo warmoeba
500
0
-500
Ikv
1995
IIkv
IIIkv
IVkv
Ikv
1996
IIkv
IIIkv
IVkv
Ikv
1997
IIkv
IIIkv
IVkv
Ikv
1998
IIkv
IIIkv
IVkv
Ikv
1999
wyaro: saqenergo
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tbilisis eleqtroenergiis sadistribucio kompania
privatizebul iqna 1998 wlis dasasruls, 1999 wlis pirvel kvartalSi uwyveti denis
miwodeba Tundac saqarTvelos dedaqalaqisaTvis kvlav problemad rCeboda.
dasawyisSi, amerikuli kompania AES, romelmac Seisyida eleqtro energiis
sadistribucio kompania Telasi, satendero xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, valdebuli iyo
eleqtroenergia mxolod saqenergosagan SeeZina. saqenergo (romelic jer kidev
saxelmwifos mflobelobaSia da axorcielebs eleqtroenergiis gadacemas) yidulobs
eleqtroenergias generatorebisagan da yidis sadistribucio kompaniebze. zogierT
SemTxvevaSi, mas ar SeeZlo an ar surda moTxovnebis dakmayofileba eleqtroenergiis
seqtoris sxva nawilebisadmi misi davalianebebisa da arsebuli korufciis gamo.
miuxedavad imisa, rom pirveli kvartlis dasasruls AES Telass neba darTes
eleqtroenergia
pirdapir
somxeTidan
SeeZina,
saqenergo
seqtoris
sxva
sawarmoebisaTvis kvlav did winaaRmdegobas warmoadgens. Semdgomi sirTuleebis
Tavidan
acilebis
mizniT,
saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis
organoebi
muSaoben
eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazris Seqmnaze. sabiTumo bazari gamoricxavs saqenergos
im gadacemebisagan, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes pirdapir generatorebisa da
gamanawilebeli kompaniebisgan. saqenergos eqneba momsaxurebis kompaniis funqcia da
moaxdens eleqtroenergiis gadacemas garkveuli Tanxis safasurad. safiqralia, rom
es
gaaumjobesebs
seqtoris
sxvadasxva
nawilebs
Soris
urTierTobas
da
uzrunvelyofs eleqtroenergiis momxmareblisaTvis saimedo miwodebas.1
1
monacemebi eleqtroenergiaze gadasaxadebis mokrebis Sesaxeb amJamad ar gagvaCnia da Seva sem-is
momdevno gamocemaSi.
mimarTulebebi
71
mrewveloba
aRsaniSnavia 1998 wels azerbaijansa da rusTavis metalurgiul qarxanasTan
dadebuli mniSvnelovani xelSekruleba navTobsadeni milebis warmoebaze. 50 aTasi
milis miwodeba 1980 wlis Semdgom yvelaze didi SekveTaa. sawarmos generaluri
direqtoris gancxadebis Tanaxmed, es rusTavis qarxanas miscems weliwadSi
25 milioni amerikuli dolaris mogebis miRebis SesaZleblobas.
1998 wels mrewvelobis moculoba saqarTveloSi umniSvnelod Semcirda.
ianvar-noemberSi daregistrirebuli larebSi gamoxatuli mrewvelobis moculoba
umniSvnelod naklebi iyo vidre 1997 wlis ianvar-noemberSi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
warmoebis fasebze devalvaciis savaraudo inflaciur efeqts, kleba sakmaod
mniSvnelovani unda yofiliyo, Tumca SesaZloa kompensirebul iqna aRuricxavi
warmoebis zrdiT.
aTasze meti samrewvelo obieqti gaCerebulia, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom
gakotrebis meqanizmi jer kidev ar muSaobs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mimdinareobs
garkveuli restruqturizacia Tbilisis saaviacio qarxnisa, romelic adre sabWouri
samxedro TviTmfrinavebis nawilebs amzadebda. moZvelebuli danadgarebis metalis
nawilebis jarTad gayidva da Warbi qonebis privatizacia, rogoricaa sazogadoebrivi
saSualebebi da transporti, didad exmareba qarxanas xelfasebis davalianebebisa da
komerciuli valis gadaxdaSi. garda amisa, qarxanis restruqturizacia moxdeba misi
ramodenime iuridiul erTeulad dayofis meSveobiT.
mSenebloba
sabiujetis krizisma gavlena moaxdina samSeneblo seqtorze. mTavrobam ver
SeZlo Tavisi davalianebis gadaxda kerZo kontraqtorebisaTvis da asve xelfasebis
gacema saxelmwifo samSeneblo kompaniebis TanamSromlebisaTvis. fondebis naklebobam
gavlena iqonia aseve cxinvalis regionSi dagegmil proeqtze, rasac upiratesoba
eniWeboda politikuri keTilganwyobis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT. cxinvalis regionis
aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis dawyeba, romelsac afinansebs evrokomisia da unda
dawyebuliyo 1998 wlis meore naxevarSi, proeqtis detalebTan dakavSirebuli
gaWianurebuli molaparakebebis gamo 6 TviT iqna SeCerebuli.
miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arsebobs sando statistikuri monacemebi, gaumjobeseba
kerZo seqtoris samSenelo saqmianobaSi aSkarad SeiniSneba, romlis did nawils
Seadgens sacxovrebeli saxlebis remonti da sastumroebis mSenbloba. Bob Walsh Real
Estate kompaniam ganaaxla Tbilisis centrSi sastumros Westin Hotel-is (yofili
sastumro Tbilisis) mSenebloba. samuSaoebi SeCerebuli iyo imis gamo, rom ver iqna
miRweuli SeTanxmeba adgilobriv macxovrebelTaTvis kompensaciis sakiTxebze,
visTvisac Tavdapirveli gegmis Tanaxmad sacxovrebeli adgili unda gamoeyoT.
macxovrebelTa mcire nawilma gadasvlaze uari gnacxada da hqondaT sacxovrebeli
adgilis Secvlis iseTi moTxovna, romelic proeqtis menejeris azriT aRmaSfoTebeli
iyo: mogvianebiT gairkva, rom ufro iafi dajdeboda macxovreblTa adgilze datoveba
da proeqtis gadakeTeba, sastumro iqneboda 4 varskvlaviani da ara 5 varskvlaviani.
garda amisa, Bob Walsh Real Estate muSaobs 3 varskvlaviani sastumrosa da
komerciuli/savaWro centris mSeneblobaze, romelic aseve Tbilisis centrSi iqneba
ganTavsebuli.
vinaidan turizmi saqarTveloSi kvlav ganviTarebis stadiaSia, sastumroebis
zogierTma patronma gamoxata Tavisi wuxili aseTi samSeneblo proeqtebis komerciul
72
sicocxlisunarianobasTan dakavSirebiT – magaliTad sastumro Seraton metexi
palasis dakavebis koeficienti 50 – 60 procents Seadgens. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom
saqarTveloSi turistebis miRebis SesaZlebloba jer kidev mainc SezRudulia.
SeratonSi aris 270 sastumro oTaxi da gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, Tbilisis sxva
danarCeni sam an met varskvlaviani sastumroebis oTaxebis raodenoba Seadgens
daaxloebiT 450 oTaxs. mraval sawoliani oTaxebis CaTvliTac ki maTi raodenoba
1 000 sawolze naklebia, rac imas niSnavs, rom dedaqalaqSi arsebobs sastumroebis
aSenebis didi potenciuri moTxovnileba.
mimarTulebebi
73
Tavi merve.
Semosavlebi, dasaqmeba da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
dasaqmebis struqtura
1997 wlis ganmavlobaSi samuSao Zalis ricxvi stabilurad izrdeboda da 1997 wlis
bolos daaxloebiT 2,4 milions miaRwia. 1998 wels ki, es tendencia Seicvala da wlis meore
naxevarSi TandaTan 1,9–2 milionamde Semcirda. Tu ki 1997 wels ekonomikurad aqtiuri
mosaxleobis ricxvis momatebis erT-erT mizezad miCneuli iyo is faqti, rom respondentebi da
interviuerebi wina wlebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT ukeTesad pasuxobdnen SinameurneobaTa
kvlevis anketaSi mocemul SekiTxvebs, 1998 wels dakvirvebis procesis monawileTa pasuxebs
(romlebic, dReisaTvis ukve sakmaod kargad arian “momzadebulni”) monacemTa cvlilebasTan
araferi gavlena ar mouxdenia. amgvarad, rogorc Cans, arsebuli monacemebi Sromis bazris
mdgomareobis realur suraTs asaxaven da imaze metyveleben, rom samuSao Zalas adamianTa
didi ricxvi gamoaklda.
cxrili 8.1:
momuSaveTa da umuSevarTa raodenoba, samuSao Zala
1997 w. IV kv. – 1998 w. IV kv.
(aTasi kaci)
1997 w. 1998 w. 1 1998 w. 2 1998 w. 3 1998 w.
2 kv.
kv.
kv.
kv.
4 kv.
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1 ) 2, 419
2 ,332
2, 462
2,146
1,990
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2 ) 2, 500
2 ,457
2 ,555
2,195
2,042
dasaqmebuli
2, 312
2 101
2 ,283
1,887
1,741
daqiravebuli
692
714
737
786
741
TviT-dasaqmebuli
1, 620
1, 387
1 ,546
1,092
990
umuSevari (1 )
107
231
179
260
249
umuSevari (2 )
188
356
272
309
301
umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1 )
4.3
9.9
7.3
12.1
12.5
7.8
14.5
10.6
14.1
14.7
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva
SeniSvna: (1 ) Sso-s standartiT
(2 ) Sso-s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumi
1998 wlis meore kvartalSi dasaqmebulTa ricxvi (iseve rogorc samuSao Zalis ricxvi)
8 procentiT gaizarda, xolo Semdeg daiwyo kleba, romelmac mesame kvartalSi Seadgina
17,3 procenti, xolo meoTxe kvartalSi – 7,7 procenti. es moxda moxolod da mxolod
TviTdasaqmebulebis ricxvis klebis xarjze. TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi, pirvel kvartalTan
SedarebiT meore kvartalSi jer 10,3 procentiT gaizarda, xolo Semdeg, 1998 wlis mesame
kvartalSi, 29,4 procentiT Semcirda. TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi agrZelebda vardnas da, wlis
bolos, kidev 29,4 procentiT Semcirda. erTis mxriv, es cvlilebebi udaod sezonuri
faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli, vinaidan TviTdasaqmebulTa arsebiTi wili fermerebze modis;
Tumca, esoden mkveTri vardna ar SeiZleba mxolod am mizeziT iyos gamowveuli, rasac 1997 da
1998 wlebis meoTxe kvartlebis Sedarebac adasturebs. TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvis klebas,
rogorc Cans, metwilad xeli Seuwyo mcire mewarmeobisTvis Seqmnilma araxelsayrelma
ekonomikurma pirobebma.
cxrili 8.2 mixedviT, TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvis kleba arc Tu ise didia, miuxedavad
imisa, rom mocemuli cxrili am tendencias asaxavs. ssd–s muSakTa azriT, am or cxrils Soris
arsebuli sxvaoba, kiTxvarSi mocemul meTodologiur gansxvavebebs unda mivaweroT:
ekonomikur statusTan dakavSirebul monacemTa Segrovebisas (samuSao Zalis gamokvleva)
respondentebma unda gansazRvron TavianTi ekonomikuri aqtivobis statusi bolo erTi kviris
ganmavlobaSi,
xolo
seqtoruli
cxrilebisTvis
(SinameurneobaTa
gamokvleva)
isini
gansazRvraven TavianTi ekonomikuri aqtivobis statuss bolo sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
rogorc cxrili 8.1 gviCvenebs, mesame kvartlis ganmavlobaSi daqiravebul muSakTa
ricxvi zrdas ganicdida, rac gamoxatavs ekonomikuri aqtivobis zrdis tendencias axali
74
samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis xarjze. magram, 1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi es ricxvi
5,7 procentiT iqna Semcirebuli, rac, savaraudod, Sromis bazarze sezonur cvlilebebs
asaxavs. rac Seexeba daqiravebul dasaqmebas – TviTdasaqmebasTan SedarebiT, aq bevrad ufro
stabiluri viTarebaa, Tumca mosamsaxureTa da muSaTa ricxvi TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvs
Camouvardeba. nawilobriv es SeiZleba aixsnas kanoniT dasaqmebis Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviTac
yvela, vinc sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTiT sargebloben (erTi, an meti heqtaris
mflobelebi da maTi ojaxis wevrebi) TviTdasaqmebulebad iTvlebian, rac TiTqmis gamoricxavs
umuSevrobis SesaZleblobas soflad. amas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, ar aris gasakviri, rom
mTliani dasaqmebis daaxloebiT 57 procenti, xolo Sso-s standartiT, saerTo samuSao Zalis
50 procenti, TviTdasaqmebis wilad modis. maSin roca TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi mniSvnelovani
rCeba, is Semcirebas ganicdis 1998 wlis me-3 kvartlidan. amdenad logikuri iqneba vivaraudoT,
rom 1998 wlis mesame kvartalSi umuSevroba gaizarda ZiriTadad im TviTdasaqmebulTa xarjze,
romlebmac TavinTi biznesi dakarges, rac TavisTavad rTuli ekonomikuri viTarebis
amsaxvelia. vinaidan TviTdasaqmebulTa registracia dResac garkveul problemas warmoadgens,
informaciis erTaderT saimedo wyarod miCneulia ssd-s SinameurneobaTa da samuSao Zalis
gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi.
1998 wels TviTdasaqmebul fermerTa ricxvi arsebiTad ar Secvlila, miuxedavad imisa,
rom
wili mTlian dasaqmebaSi gaizarda. mTlian TviTdasaqmebaSi fermerTa wilis zrdis
fonze (1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi man 87 procents miaRwia), aRiniSneba sxva seqtorTa
wilebis Semcireba da TviTdasaqmebulTa saerTo ricxvis kleba. soflis meurneobis seqtoris
Semdeg, TviTdasaqmebaSi yvelaze didi wili vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis seqtorze modis,
romelic 1997 wlis dasawyisSi 15,7 procents Seadgenda, xolo amm periodidan moyolebuli man
TandaTanobiT kleba iwyo da 1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi 7,6 procentamde daeca (am seqtorSi
TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi 1997-1998 wlebis ganmavlobaSi TiTqmis ganaxevrda). transportisa da
kavSirgabmulobis, aseve kulturis, sportisa da dasvenebis seqtorTa wilebi Sesabamisad 1,3 da
1,4 procents Seadgenen. rogorc cxrili 8.2 gviCvenebs, 1998 wlis ganmavlobaSi, seqtorTa
umravlesobaSi TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi klebulobda.
cxrili 8.2:
TviTdasaqmebulTa ganawileba dargebis mixedviT.
dargi
1997 w .
1 kv.
soflis meurneoba, metyeoba da TevzWera
samTo an gadamamuSavebeli mrewveloba
mSenebloba
1997
1997 - 1998ww.
2 kv.
1998 w .
3 kv.
4 kv.
1 kv.
2 kv.
3 kv.
4 kv.
980.9
1,159.1
1,318.4
1,308.0
1,073.4
1,247.1
1,184.7
1,178.5
17.7
16.4
11.8
18.3
17.2
14.8
15.6
9.8
13.7
14.5
18.2
17.0
18.3
9.2
8.8
5.0
201.2
208.3
190.9
191.4
175.4
132.8
131.7
103.0
transporti da kavSirgabmuloba
14.0
16.7
20.4
21.8
25.2
26.3
20.1
17.8
kultura, sporti da dasveneba
15.7
20.1
21.0
11.2
16.7
18.3
14.7
18.6
sxva seqtorebi
29.0
30.8
25.3
29.8
27.8
16.9
16.1
16.1
araa miTiTebuli
10.7
19.7
12.2
10.4
10.7
9.3
9.3
4.6
1,283.0
1,485.7
1,618.3
1,608.0
1,364.8
1,474.7
1,401.0
1,353.5
vaWroba da momsaxureoba
sul
1997 da 1998 wlebis monacemTa Sedareba miuTiTebs imaze, rom kvartaluri cvlilebebi
yovelTvis ar iyo ganpirobebuli mxolod sezonuri faqtorebiT. arsebuli sagadasaxado
sistema ar iTvaliswinebs raime stimuls mcire mewarmeebisTvis, raTa maT registracia gaiaron.
piriqiT, igi mZime tvirTad awveba maT da aiZulebs mcire mewarmeebs an araformalur
ekonomikaSi daiwyon moRvaweoba, anda daqiravebul dasaqmebulTa ricxvs SeuerTdnen.
75
cxrili 8.3:
daqiravebulTa ganawileba dargebis mixedviT. 1997 - 1998 ww.
dargi
1997 w .
1 kv.
2 kv.
1998 w .
3 kv.
4 kv.
1 kv.
2 kv.
3 kv.
4 kv.
soflis meurneoba, metyeoba da TevzWera
52.1
62.0
47.1
48.5
49.0
48.0
57.9
57.8
samTo an gadamamuSavebeli mrewveloba
72.7
78.5
81.1
66.6
62.7
69.1
88.2
84.3
eleqtroenergia, gazi da wyalmomarageba
23.3
21.0
21.1
23.7
23.2
29.3
28.1
32.2
mSenebloba
22.9
17.4
18.6
21.8
25.8
34.2
31.9
24.8
vaWroba da momsaxureoba
54.2
67.7
72.5
59.1
62.1
63.4
65.0
71.4
transporti da kavSirgabmuloba
76.2
66.4
59.2
59.1
61.9
73.0
76.5
75.8
saxelmwifo marTva da Tavdacva
89.4
77.0
84.7
84.2
94.2
88.7
81.9
89.2
ganaTleba
162.7
154.4
145.2
154.4
137.9
147.5
148.3
148.1
jandacva
101.8
93.3
86.7
82.6
70.5
86.4
82.5
79.8
kultura, sporti da dasveneba
59.4
60.6
54.8
56.6
64.4
70.2
62.0
70.9
sxva seqtorebi
26.9
33.8
25.8
25.7
27.7
33.0
42.6
33.0
1.8
5.6
6.6
3.4
9.4
7.3
6.0
1.2
743.5
737.7
703.5
685.7
688.7
750.2
770.9
768.6
araa miTiTebuli
sul
mosamsaxureTa da muSaTa ricxvis ganawileba sxvadasxva seqtorebis mixedviT,
TviTdasaqmebulTagan gansxvavebiT, bevrad stabiluria. mTel daqiravebul dasaqmebaSi
ganaTlebis seqtors kvlav udidesi wili uWiravs. ganaTlebis seqtoris Semdeg, sakmaod didi
wili uWiravT saxelmwifo marTva da Tavdacvis, samTomompovebeli, gadamamuSavebeli
mrewvelobis da jandacvis seqtorebs. mniSvnelovani wili uWiravT aseve vaWrobisa da
momsaxurebis, transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis, kulturisa da dasvenebis seqtorebsac. 1998
wlis meore naxevris ganmavlobaSi soflis meurneobis muSakTa ricxvi izrdeboda, xolo
TviTdasaqmebul fermerTa ricxvi – TandaTanobiT klebulobda 1998 wlis bolo sami kvartlis
ganmavlobaSi. vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis seqtorSi xelfasis mimReb muSakTa rixcvi
izrdeboda, xolo TviTdasaqmebulTa ricxvi xasiaTdeboda Tanmimdevruli klebiT, rac
metyvelebs msxvili kompaniebis Seqmnis tendenciaze. 1998 wlis bolo sami kvartlis
ganmavlobaSi transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis seqtorSi daqiravebul muSakTa raodenoba
SedarebiTi stabilurobiT gamoirCeoda.
umuSevroba: registrirebuli da araregistrirebuli
1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolosTvis ofocialurad (registrirebul) umuSevarTa1
ricxvi odnav aRemateboda 100 000, xolo umuSevrobis oficialuri done saqarTveloSi sul 5,5
procents Seadgenda. magram registrirebuli umuSevrobis cifrebi realobisgan Sorsaa,
radganac umuSevrobis Semweobis simboluri Tanxa susti stimulia imisaTvis, raTa umuSevrebma
registracia gaiaron2. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini naklebad asaxaven realur suraTs, es
cifrebi mainc sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadac umuSevarTa mxridan registraciisadmi
1
dasaqmebis Sesaxeb kanonis Sesabamisad umuSevrad iTvleba Sromisunariani asakis piri, romelic
registrirebulia, rogorc umuSevari samuSaos maZiebeli. axali samuSaos maZiebel umuSevar da dasaqmebul
pirebs, SeuZliaT gaiaron registracia, rogorc samuSaos maZieblebma.
2
1998 wlis 1 oqtombris
umuSevrobis daxmarebiT.
76
mdgomareobiT
registrirebul
umuSevarTa
mxolod
2,7
procenti
sargeblobda
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mima
mimarTulebebi
rTulebebi - 1998 weli, #2
damokidebulebis Secvlaze metyveleben. ssd-s samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis3 monacemebi bevrad
ufro realur da yovlis momcvel suraTs gvisaxaven (ix. cxrili 8.1 da statistikuri
danarTis cxrili A8.1). qvemoTmoyvanili cxrili cxadhyobs registrirebuli umuSevrobis
monacemebSi momxdar cvlilebebs 1997 wlidan 1999 wlis maisamde, romlebic ZiriTadad
ganpirobebuli iyo umuSevarTaTvis damatebiTi daxmarebis SemoRebiT da SemdgomSi misi
gauqmebiT. (ix seb–is wina gamocema).
cxrili 8.4:
registrirebuli umuSevroba, 1997 w. oqtomberi – 1998 w. noemberi
Tve
wyaro:
1997 w. ianvari
Tebervali
marti
aprili
maisi
ivnisi
ivlisi
agvisto
seqtemberi
oqtomberi
noemberi
dekemberi
1998 w. ianvari
Tebervali
marti
aprili
maisi
ivnisi
ivlisi
agvisto
seqtemberi
oqtomberi
noemberi
dekemberi
1999 w. ianvari
Tebervali
marti
aprili
maisi
statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi
Raodenoba (aTasi
kaci)
58,800
90,000
111,000
125,000
139,600
139,000
143,000
142,000
142,000
142,000
142,800
142,900
116,800
117,900
114,500
96,800
101,700
74,000
75,400
77,400
79,600
81,900
92,400
98,700
98,500
99,600
101,000
101,800
102,100
maSin,
rodesac
oficialuri
registraciis
safuZvelze
miRebuli
monacemebiT
umuSevrobis done 1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi sul 4,2 procents Seadgenda, ssd-s samuSao
Zalis gamokvlevaze dafuZvnebuli monacemebiT umuSevrobis donem qveyanaSi, Sso-s “mkacri”
kriteriumis mixedviT 12,5 procents miaRwia, xolo Sso-s “Serbilebuli” kriteriumis mixedviT
– 14,7 procents (ix. cxrili 8.1). umuSevrobis es maCveneblebi udaod maRalia, magram
amavdroulad arc isini ar asaxaven realur situacias, vinaidan es monacemebi warmoadgenen
umuSevrobis soflad da qalaqSi gasaSualebul maCveneblebs. imis gamo, rom soflis
mosaxleobas ar iTvleba umuSevrad4, umuSevrobis maCveneblebi soflad Zalze dabalia: Sso-s
“mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” Sefasebis kriteriumiT (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A8.1) –
Sesabamisad 3,2 da 4,3 procentia. amave dros, qalaqis maCveneblebi metismetad maRalia –
mTliani samuSao Zalis 23,2 da 26,5 procenti. Tu ki gaviTvaliswinebT, rom saerTo samuSao
Zalis naxevarze mets “TviTdasaqmebuli fermerebi” Seadgenen, naTeli gaxdeba, rom samuSao
Zalaze dakvirvebis Sedegad miRebuli umuSevrobis erovnuli monacemebic ki metismetad
optimistur suraTs gvisaxaven. amrigad, umuSevroba izrdeba, xolo arasruli dasaqmeba da
3
samuSao Zalis gamokvleva ssd–ma daiwyo 1998 wlis dasawyisSi Sso–sa da gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP)
daxmarebiT.
4
dasaqmebis kanonis Sesabamisad 1 an meti heqtari sameurneo miwis mflobelebi da maTi ojaxebis wevrebi
oficialurad iTvlebian TviTdasaqmebulebad.
77
faruli umuSevroba5 kvlav farTodaa gavrcelebuli; saxelmwifo seqtoris muSakTa umetesoba
mxolod simbolur xelfass iRebs, isic araregularulad, xolo muSakTa didi nawili
uxelfaso SvebulebaSia. yvela, vinc zemoaRniSnul kategorias miekuTvneba iZulebuli xdeba
Tavis gadasarCenad Semosavlis sxva wyaro eZebos. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo
seqtorebis yofili muSakebi kerZo seqtorSi gadadadian, adamianTa didi ricxvi pirvelad da
meorad samuSaosac araformalur seqtorSi Soulobs, romelic ssd–s oficialuri
monacemebiT, mSp-s
40 procents Seadgens. Tumca, rogorc varaudoben, es cifric
dadablebulad aris warmodgenili.
wels, Tebervlis meore naxevarSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobam aSS-s mTavrobisgan miiRo 5
milioni laris odenobis granti: igi unda moxmardes 4 Tvis eleqtroenergiis safasuris
gadaxdas da moicavs TbilisSi mcxovreb 95 000 gaWirvebul ojaxsa da 8 500 iZulebiT
gadaadgilebul ojaxs. daxmarebis mimReb pirTa gansazRvra da daxmarebis gacemaze kontrolis
ganxorcieleba aSS-s arasaxelmwifo organizacia NGO Counterpart International–s daekisra. aSS–s
mTavrobis daxmareba gamiznulia im ukiduresad gaWirvebuli ojaxebis daxmarebaze, romlebic
socialurad daucvelTa arc erT kategoriaSi ar Sedian (metwilad umuSevarTa ojaxebi) –
maTTvis, visac daxmarebis arc erTi struqtura ar iTvaliswinebs.
xelfasebi
mas Semdeg, rac 1998 wlis 11 agvistos prezidentis brZanebulebis Sedegad sabiujeto
organizaciebSi6 momuSaveTa xelfasebi 1 lariT iqna momatebuli, minimalurma xelfasma 1
seqtembridan TveSi 18 lari Seadgina. amave brZanebulebis safuZvelze 1 seqtembridan moxda
sabiujeto xelfasebis, daxmarebebisa da stipendiebis 10 procentiani momateba, xolo 1998 wlis
1 noembridan – pensiebisac. daubegravi minimaluri Semosavali pirveladi dasaqmebidan kvlav
9 lars Seadgenda. sabiujeto organizaciebSi momuSaveTa xelfasebi dRes 18-dan 66 laramde
meryeobs.
1999 wlis martis bolos saqarTveloSi “minimaluri normatiuli xelfasi” saSualo
(oTxwevriani) ojaxis erT momuSaveze TveSi 49,5 lars Seadgenda. 1998 wlis dekemberSi,
inflaciis spontanur zrdasTan dakavSirebiT, man 50,6 lars miaRwia. minimalur normatiul
xelfasSi minimaluri sabiujeto xelfasis wili klebas ganagrZobda, ris Sedegadac 1999 wlis
pirvel kvartalSi sul 36,4 procents Seadgenda, xolo 1999 wlis aprilis bolos, 35,6
procentamde iqna Semcirebuli.
1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis mdgomareobiT, ekonomikis sxvadasxva dargebSi, daqiravebul
muSakTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi Seadgenda 68,8 lars, anu 1998 wlis pirveli
kvartlis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT, nominaluri zrda dafiqsirebul iqna 14 procentze, xolo
yovelwliuri nominaluri zrda - 5,8 procentze. Tu ki 1998 wlis pirveli
kvartlis
bolosTvis saSualo Tviuri xelfasi Seadgenda oTxwevriani ojaxis saarsebo minimumis 35,5
procents, 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis bolos misi wili saSualo ojaxis saarsebo minimumSi
sul 31,8 procentamde iqna dayvanili. marTalia nominalur gamosaxulebaSi xelfasebis
mcireodeni momateba moxda, magram realur gamosaxulebaSi, inflaciis gamo, xelfasebis
vardna grZeldeba.
davalianeba sabiujeto organizaciebis muSakTa xelfasebze kvlavac matulobs: 1998
wlis davalianebas, romelic 55,9 milion lars Seadgenda, kidev 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis
11,4 milioni laris odenobis davalianeba daemata.
5
faruli umuSevroba ar aris aRricxuli umuSevrobis Sesaxeb monacemebSi im mizeziT, rom am kategoriis
umuSevrebi aqtiurad ar eZeben samuSaos.
6
sabiujeto organizacia
subsidiebiT xorcieldeba.
78
ewodeba
saxelmwifo
organizacias,
romlis
dafinanseba
saxelmwifo
biujetis
mimarTulebebi
Semosavlebis ganawileba da moxmarebis struqtura
Semosavlis maCveneblebi, romlebic ssd–s mier mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT 5,200
Sinameurneobaze Catarebuli dakvirvebis Sedegad iqna miRebuli, gvTavazobs Zalze saintereso
monacemebs moxmarebis struqturis Sesaxeb. miRebuli monacemebi, romlebic SinameurneobaTa
biujetis sakmaod realur suraTs asaxaven, agreTve gvexmareba Semosavlis ganawilebis
realuri modelis SeqmnaSi da uTanabrobis donis dadgenaSi. Sinameurneobebze dakvirveba aseve
iZleva monacemebs Semosavlis Sesaxeb, Tumca es monacemebi, romlebic damokidebulia
Sinameorneobebze dakvirvebis respondentTa pasuxebis sizusteze, saimedo wyaros ar
warmoadgens.
cxrili 8.5:
SinameurneobaTa saSualo Tviuri moxmarebis struqtura deciluri
jgufebis mixedviT, 1998 w.
(lari)
xarjebi
sursaTze
1
( uR ar i b es i )
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
s aS ual o
( umd i dr es i )
18.6
0.1
37.1
0.4
51.8
0.4
67.1
0.6
79.5
0.8
88.6
1.1
100.8
1.1
119.3
1.8
134.7
2.5
195.2
6.0
89.3
1.5
tansacmelsa da fexsacmelze
0.4
1.7
1.0
3.1
1.5
4.3
1.9
6.3
2.4
8.0
3.1
9.6
3.5
11.6
4.2
16.0
5.5
17.5
8.6
30.3
3.2
10.9
saojaxo moxmarebis saqonelze
4.6
6.8
9.1
11.0
13.0
15.5
17.6
21.5
27.7
55.5
18.2
mkurnalobasa da medikamentebze
saTbobsa da eleqtroenergiaze
1.5
3.6
2.1
5.6
2.6
7.2
3.1
8.2
3.0
9.9
4.3
11.5
4.4
12.6
5.0
15.1
6.0
18.1
15.2
27.4
4.7
11.9
transportze
1.2
2.7
3.7
5.3
6.4
9.7
11.5
15.5
18.7
38.6
11.4
0.3
0.7
0.7
1.8
1.3
2.4
1.9
3.4
2.9
3.9
3.2
5.0
4.7
6.0
6.0
7.8
9.7
9.7
21.6
19.2
5.2
6.0
1 8 5.4
sasmelze
Tambaqos nawarmze
ganaTleba, kulturasa da
dasvenebaze
sxva samomxmareblo xarjebi
samomxmareblo xarjebi sul
34 .8
6 5.8
9 1 .2
1 1 7 .9
1 42 .8
1 6 7 .4
1 9 6.9
2 43.4
2 9 6 .8
4 9 6 .0
sasoflo-sameurneo xarjebi
0.5
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.6
3.1
3.7
4.7
6.1
8.8
3.4
transfertebi
0.0
1.1
0.0
2.2
0.0
2.9
0.1
3.9
0.3
4.6
0.1
5.7
0.6
6.8
0.3
10.4
1.9
15.7
2.4
94.7
0.6
14.8
dazogvasa an gasesxebaze
sxva xarjebi, sul
fuladi xarjebi, sul
arafuladi xarjebi
xarjebi, sul
1 .5
3.2
4 .1
5.6
7 .3
8 .6
1 0.7
15.0
2 3.3
1 0 5.8
1 8 .5
33.6
6 7 .7
9 3.9
1 2 0 .4
1 47 .5
1 7 3.3
2 0 5.6
2 55.7
31 7 .1
59 9 .7
2 01 .5
7 .6
1 6 .5
2 4 .3
32 .5
41 .1
54 .5
6 9 .0
8 0 .6
1 1 4 .1
1 6 1 .0
60 .1
4 1 .1
8 4 .2
1 1 8 .2
1 52 .9
1 8 8 .6
2 2 7 .8
2 7 4.6
336 .3
4 31 .3
7 6 0 .7
2 6 1.7
zemoaRniSnuli cxrilidan gamomdinare, 1998 wels kvebis produqtebze uRaribes
decilur jgufs, umdidres decilur jgufTan SedarebiT - 10,5-jer, xolo medianurTan - 4,5jer dabali danaxarji hqonda. uRaribesi deciluri jgufis danaxarjebi eleqtroenergiasa da
sawvavze, umdidres decilur jgufTan SedarebiT, 7,6-jer naklebi iyo da 2,6-jer naklebi,
vidre medianuri danaxarjebi energiasa da sawvavze. umdidresi deciluri jgufis
SinameurneobaTa danaxarji medikamentebze 10-jer metad aRemateboda uRaribesi deciluri
jgufis danaxarjs, xolo SinameurneobaTa medianur danaxarjebs – 4-jer metad. danaxarjebi
ganaTlebaze, kulturasa da dasvenebaze uTanabrobis umaRles doneze metyveleben:
Sinameurneobebis biujetebis am nawilze uRaribesi mosaxleobis 10 procentis mier gaweuli
danaxarjis wilma umdidresi mosaxleobis 10 procentis mier gaweuli danaxarjis mxolod 1,4
procenti Seadgina, xolo ganaTlebaze gaweuli medianuri danaxarjebis - sul 10 procenti.
umdidresi deciluri jgufis SinameurneobaTa moxmareba, uRaribes jgufTan SedarebiT, 14,3jer maRali iyo, xolo medianuri moxmareba, umdidres decilur jgufTan SedarebiT, 3,2-jer
dabali da, amave dros, 4,5-jer aRemateboda uRaribesi deciluri jgufis moxmarebas.
imisaTvis, raTa Semosavlis ganawileba zustad iqnas Sefasebuli, Zalze mniSvnelovania
mxedvelobaSi miRebul iqnas rogorc fuladi, aseve arafuladi moxmarebac, vinaidan
arafuladi Semosavlis SesaZleblobam SeiZleba mkveTrad Secvalos Semosavlis ganawilebis
saerTo suraTi. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dabali fuladi Semosavlis mqone
SinameurneobebisTvis. 1998 wels uTanabrobis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli gamoikveTa misi
gansazRvrisas arafuladi Semosavlis mixedviT, xolo saerTo moxmarebis mixedviT igi
aRemateboda fuladi moxmarebis mixedviT miRebul maCvenebels; yvela decilur jgufSi
fuladi moxmareba, arafulad moxmarebasTan SedarebiT, Warbobda. SinameurneobaTa saerTo
saSualo Tviuri danaxarji umdidres decilur jgufSi 18,5-jer meti iyo, vidre uRaribes
79
decilur jgufSi da 3,7-jer aRemateboda saerTo medianur moxmarebas. oTxi uRaribes decilur
jgufSi saerTo danaxarji saSualo SinameurneobebisTvis gansazRvrul saarsebo minimumze
dabali iyo (1998 wlis dekemberSi igi 182,4 lars Seadgenda), saerTo medianuri danaxarji –
saSualo saerTo danaxarjze bevrad naklebi iyo (261,7 lari). pirveli 6 deciluri jgufis
erToblivi mTliani danaxarji (mTliani danaxarjis 31 procenti) umdidresi 10 procentis
saerTo danaxarjis rigis iyo (mTliani danaxarjis 29,1 procenti). Tu ki danaxarjis
maCveneblebs Semosavlis donis Sefasebis saimedo wyarod miviCnevT, naTeli xdeba, rom Raribi
ojaxebis arafuladi Semosavlebic sakmaod mcire iyo da maTive dabali fuladi Semosavlis
kompensaciis saSualebas ar warmoadgenda. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli miuTiTebs danaxarjis
ukidures uTanabrobaze decilur jgufebs Soris, rac, TavisTavad, Semosavlis ganawilebazec
vrceldeba. inflaciam da xelfasebis gadaxdis dagvianebam 1998 wlis bolos kidev ufro
daamZima mcireSemosavliani Sinameurneobebis mdgomareoba.
cxrili 8.6:
SinameurneobaTa saSualo Tviuri moxmarebis
moxmarebis struqtura deciluri
jgufebis mixedviT, 1998 w.
(procenti)
xarjebi
1
( uR ar i b es i )
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
s aS ual o
( umd i dr es i )
sursaTze
45.3
44.1
43.8
43.9
42.1
38.9
36.7
35.5
31.2
25.7
34.1
sasmelze
0.3
0.9
0.5
1.1
0.3
1.3
0.4
1.2
0.4
1.3
0.5
1.3
0.4
1.3
0.5
1.2
0.6
1.3
0.8
1.1
0.6
1.2
tansacmelsa da fexsacmelze
4.2
3.7
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.8
4.0
4.0
4.1
saojaxo moxmarebis saqonelze
mkurnalobasa da medikamentebze
11.3
3.7
8.1
2.5
7.7
2.2
7.2
2.0
6.9
1.6
6.8
1.9
6.4
1.6
6.4
1.5
6.4
1.4
7.3
2.0
7.0
1.8
saTbobsa da eleqtroenergiaze
8.8
6.7
6.1
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.6
4.5
4.2
3.6
4.5
transportze
2.9
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.4
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.3
5.1
4.3
0.6
1.6
0.8
2.1
1.1
2.1
1.3
2.2
1.5
2.0
1.4
2.2
1.7
2.2
1.8
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.8
2.5
2.0
2.3
7 0 .8
Tambaqos nawarmze
ganaTleba, kulturasa da
dasvenebaze
sxva samomxmareblo xarjebi
samomxmareblo xarjebi sul
8 4 .7
7 8 .1
7 7 .1
7 7 .1
7 5.7
7 3.5
7 1.7
7 2 .4
6 8 .8
6 5.2
sasoflo-sameurneo xarjebi
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.3
transfertebi
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.2
2.7
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.5
3.1
3.6
12.5
5.7
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.9
4 .5
5.4
1 3.9
7 .1
fuladi xarjebi, sul
8 1 .8
8 0 .4
7 9 .5
7 8 .8
7 8 .2
7 6 .1
7 4.9
7 6 .0
7 3.5
7 8 .8
7 7 .0
arafuladi xarjebi
1 8 .4
1 9 .6
2 0 .5
2 1 .2
2 1 .8
2 3.9
2 5.1
2 4 .0
2 6 .5
2 1 .2
2 3.0
1 0 0 .0
10 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 00 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0.0
1 00 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0.0
dazogvasa an gasesxebaze
sxva xarjebi, sul
xarjebi, sul
80
mimarTulebebi
rogorc zemoT moyvanili cxrilidan Cans, SinameurneobaTa mTliani moxmarebis lomis
wili kvebis produqciaze modis. Tumca, Tu ki SedarebiT Raribi Sinameurneobebi (pirveli
5 deciluri jgufi) maTi moxmarebis 43,5 procents kvebaze xarjaven, mdidar decilur jgufSi
kvebis danaxarji maTi Sinameurneobebis biujetis sul 25,7 procents Seadgens, rac arsebuli
uTanabrobis kidev erTi dasturia. saerTo moxmarebis meore udides wils saojaxo
samomxmareblo saqoneli Seadgens; Semdeg, eleqtroenergia da sawvavi pirveli 7 deciluri
jgufisTvis da transporti – 3 umdidresi deciluri jgufisTvis. Semdeg modis danaxarjebi
tansacmelsa da fexsacmelze, da bolos xarjebi medikamentebze. mTlian danaxarjSi fuladi
danaxarjis wili pirveli xuTi deciluri jgufisTvis da umdidresi deciluri jgufisTvis
ufro maRali iyo, vidre danarCeni Sinameurneobebis 40 procentisTvis. is faqti, rom uRaribes
decilur jgufze arafuladi moxmarebis yvelaze mcire wili modis, imaze metyvelebs, rom
gaWirvebulTa udidesi nawili qalaqis macxovreblebiT aris warmodgenili, romelTaTvisac
arafuladi Semosavlebi naklebadaa xelmisawvdomi.
statistikis saxelmwifo depaartamenti agreTve awarmoebs SinameurneobaTa specialur
kvlevas. am proeqts
“momxmareblis qcevis barometri” ewodeba da igi miznad isaxavs
SinameurneobaTa moxmarebisa da danazogebis, da agreTve maTi Semsyidvelunarianobis
gamokvlevas. am kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi ixileT statistikuri danarTis
cxrilebSi A8.2.
minimaluri saarsebo done
oficialuri minimaluri saarsebo done, romelsac ssd sistematurad aqveynebs, eyrdnoba
2,500 koloriis Semcvel samomxmareblo kalaTs erTi momuSavesaTvis da gaangariSebulia
saqarTvelos 6 qalaqSi moqmedi fasebis safuZvelze. saSualod, minimaluri saarsebo done 1999
wlis pirveli kvartalis bolos gaizarda 19,3 procentiT 1998 wlis pirvel kvartlTan
SedarebiT, xolo 18,7 procentiT – 1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalTan SedarebiT. es done Seadgenda
124,4 lars momuSavesTvis, 109,2 lars saSualo momxmareblisTvis da 216,5 lars saSualo
oTxwevriani ojaxisTvis (1998 wlis meoTxe kvartlis bolos igi, wina welTan SedarebiT
2,1 procentiT, xolo mesame kvartalTan SedarebiT 7,8 procentiT maRali iyo. es done
Sesabamisad erTi momuSavesaTvis Seadgenda 104,8 lars, saSualo momxmareblisTvis – 92 lars
da saSualo oTwevriani ojaxisTvis – 182,4 lars). qveynis sxva regiobeTan SedarebiT
TbilisSi, minimaluri saarsebo done, rogorc yovelTvis, ufro maRali iyo: 1998 wlis
dekembris bolos 3,4 procenti, xolo 1999 wlis martis bolos igi 4,5 procents Seadgenda.
rogoc wesi, minimaluri saarsebo donis kvartaluri cvlilebebi asaxaven fasebis
sezonur cvlilebebs. magram, amjerad, iseve rogorc 1998 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, saarsebo
minimumis cvlilebebi calsaxad miuTiTeben fasebSi momxdar sxva wliur cvlilebebze:
miuxedavad imisa, rom fasebi Cveulebriv wlis bolosaTvis izrdeba, 1998 wlis dekeemberSi,
laris gaufasurebis gamo, fasebis zrda gacilebiT
mkveTri iyo, vidre wina wlebSi da
amrigad gamoiwvia sfi–is 12 procentiani momateba, romelic Semdgom, 1999 wlis pirveli
kvartalis ganmavlobaSi, kidev 9,8 procentiT gaizarda. fasebis momateba asaxul iqna mzard
saarsebo minimumSi. (fuladi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb ix. Tavi IV).
81
nax. 8.1:
oficialuri minimaluri saarsebo done erovnul fasebze dayrdnobiT
250
saSualo momxmarebeli
oTxkaciani ojaxi
momuSave pirovneba
lari/mln kuponi
200
150
100
50
0
ian
apr
ivl
oqt
ian96
apr
ivl
oqt
ian97
apr
ivl
oqt ian-98 apr
ivl
oqt
ian99
apr
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi
SeniSvna: 1996 w. ivlisamde mxolod TbilisisTvis, ivlisis Semdeg saqarTvelosTvis
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema
miuxedavad imisa, rom 1996 wlis ekonomikis stabilizaciis Semdeg mniSvnelovani winsvla
iqna miRweuli im reformebis ganxorcielebaSi, romlebic miznad isaxavdnen socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistemis efeqturobisa da mizanmimarTulobis gaumjobesebas, socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistema dResac ar warmoadgens RaribTa dacvis srulyofil meqanizms.
marTalia ukve ganxorcielebul iqna rigi RonisZiebebisa, romlebic mimarTuli iyo Zalze
mwiri sabiujeto resursebis mizanmimarTulobis gaumjobesebaze, sistema jerac ver axerxebs
pensionerTa moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas da siRatakis aRmofxvras farTo gagebiT. iqamde,
sanam gadasaxadebis Segrovebis meqanizmi gaumjobesdeba da miaRwevs iseT dones, rodesac
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba (ukiduresad dabali) pensiebisa da Zalze SezRuduli socialuri
daxmarebebis drouli gacema da maTi gazrda, jer kidev didi gzaa gasavleli. pensiebze
davalianebebis gadaxda SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod xelfasebze dagrovili davalianebebis
dafarvis Semdeg.
saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba
ukve mesame welia mimdinareobs Raribi ojaxebisTvis socialuri daxmarebis programis
ganxorcieleba.
aRniSnuli
periodis
ganmavlobaSi
am
daxmarebis
saxelwodeba,
mizanmimarTuloba da misi ganakveTi icvleboda. amJamad mas saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba
ewodeba da igi gamiznulia mxolod im martoxela aramomuSave pensionerTa dasaxmareblad,
romlebsac oficialuri marCenali ara hyavT. es programa SemoRebul iqna 1998 wlis
dasawyisSi, vinaidan mwiri sabiujeto saxsrebis gamo SeuZlebeli gaxda manamde dawesebuli
saojaxo daxmarebis gacema, romelsac umuSevarTa ojaxebi umuSevrobis SemweobasTan erTan
iRebdnen. magram, simbolur pensiebTan erTad am mcire daxmarebis gacema ukiduresad Raribi
pensionerebisTvis iseTive rTuli aRmoCnda, rogorc wina daxmarebis gacema, romelic
gaWirvebul SinameurneobaTa SedarebiT did nawils iTvaliswinebda. 1998 wlis dasawyisSi
SemoRebul iqna kidev erTi saxis socialuri daxmareba: yvelaze gaWirvebuli ojaxebisTvis
82
mimarTulebebi
erTjeradi daxmareba, romlis odenoba weliwadSi ar aRemateba 60 lars ojaxze. socialuri
uzrunvelyofisa da dasaqmebis saministros monacemebiT, am daxmarebis gacema Zalze iSviaTad
xdeba.
1999 wlis 29 dekembris prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo socialuri
daxmarebis odenoba Sesabamisi erTwevriani ojaxisTvis 9 laridan 18 laramde gaizarda da, Tu
ki 1998 wels Sesabamisi orwevriani ojaxis TiTo sulze gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 7 lari, xolo
sami da meti wevrisgan Semdgari ojaxis yovel wevrze – 5 lari; aRniSnuli brZanebulebis
Tanaxmad, amJamad daxmareba aseTi ojaxebisTvis 29 lars Seadgens. am miznisTvis 1999 wlis
biujetSi 14,3 milioni lari unda yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli. am daxmarebis misaRebad
pensionerebma unda Seagrovon mTeli rigi sabuTebi. saxelmwifo sicialuri daxmareba, misi
arasistematuri xasiaTis gamo, eqstraordinarul movlenad miiCneva da ara iseT ramed, rasac
Cveulebrivad aqvs adgili. saxelmwifos dResac gaaCnia socialuri daxmarebis davalianeba
1998 wlidan, xolo saojaxo daxmarebis davalianeba 1997 wlidan 7 milion lars aRemateba.
Zvel davalianebebs daemata axali davalianebac, romlis odenoba 1999 wlis pirveli
kvartlidan 7 milion lars Seadgens.
socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da dasaqmebis saministros muSakebs evalebaT regularulad
Seamowmon daxmarebis mimRebTa siebi registraciis rTuli proceduris meSveobiT. socialuri
uzrunvelyofisa da dasaqmebis saministros monacemebiT 1998 wlis dekembris bolos am
daxmarebis mimRebTa sia 45 619 ojaxs (56 228 daxmarebis mimRebs) moicavda.
SezRuduli sabiujeto saxsrebis efeqturi mizanmimarTulobis TvalsazrisiT, umjobesi
unda iyos, Tu saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebis gacema mxolod ukiduresad gaWirvebul
Sinameurneobebze (yvelaze Raribi deciluri jgufis 12 procenti). mosalodnelia rom
finansTa saministro prioritetul mniSvnelobas mianiWebs socialuri daxmarebisTvis
gankuTvnil transfertebs. Tumca, erTob gadaWarbebuli iqneba imis varaudi, rom saxelmwifo
biujeti, romelic damZimebulia davalianebebiT xelfassa da pensiebze da, romelsac
gadasaxadebis arasakmarisi Segrovebis gamo ar hyofnis dafinanseba, SemdgomSi moaxerxebs
saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebis droul gacemas.
umuSevrobis Semweoba
standartuli Tviuri umuSevrobis Semweoba, mas Semdeg, rac prezidentis brZanebulebis
Tanaxmad, daxmareba 1 lariT iqna momatebuli, Seadgens 14 lars umuSevrobis pirveli ori
TvisTvis, 12 lars Semdgomi ori TvisTvis, xolo bolo ori TvisTvis - 11 lars. registraciis
done, umuSevrobis Semweobis ukiduresad dabali odenobis da misi sistematiuri dagvianebis
gamo, rasac registraciis rTuli da xangrZlivi procedura emateba - Zalze dabalia. 1998
wlis meoTxe kvartlis bolos umuSevrobis Semweoba registrirebul umuSevarTa (romelTa
ricxvi 2 100 aRwevda) mxolod 2,6 procentisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis
bolosTvis, umuSevrobis Semweoba sul 1 976 adamians, anu registrirebul umuSevarTa 2
procents, unda mieRo. xolo 1999 wlis maisis bolosTvis umuSevrobis Semweobis mimRebTa
ricxvi kidev erTxel iqna Semcirebuli da oficialurad registrirebul umuSevarTa, romelTa
raodenobac odnav matulobs, mxolod 1,9 procents Seadgenda.
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, pirovnebas SeuZlia moiTxovos umuSevrobis
Semweoba umuSevrobis registraciidan mxolod pirveli eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. amave dros,
registrirebul umuSevarTa ricxvis naxevarze mets sam weliwadze metia rac samuSao ara aqvs.
amasTan, rogorc cxrili 8.4 gviCvenebs, 1999 wels 1 100 umuSevarma pirvelad gaiara
registracia, xolo Semweobis mimRebTa ricxvi, rac Zalze sakvirvelia, gazrdis nacvlad,
kidev 17-iT Semcirda,
83
sapensio sistema
saqrTvelos sapensio sistemaSi xorcieldeba rigi reformebisa, romlebic mimarTulia
mraval safexuriani sapensio sistemis SemoRebaze, xolo saxelmwifo pay-as-you-go (PAYG)7
sistema unda gamyardes axali kerZo sqemebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom am mizniT ukve Catarda
garkveuli RonisZiebebi, dResdReobiT pensiebis dafinanseba PAYG-is safuZvelze xdeba
saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondidan, romlis Semosavali
mTlianad damokidebulia xelfasidan gadasaxadis Segrovebidan8 Semosul Tanxaze. garda amisa,
pensiebisTvis gansazRvruli odenobis Sesavsebad, iyeneben transfertebs saxelmwifo
biujetidanac. mTavroba agrZelebs sapensio sistemaSi reformebis gatarebas, romlebic miznad
isaxaven SezRuduli resursebis maqsimalurad efeqtur ganawilebas. Tumca, gadasaxadebis
arasruli Segrovebis pirobebSi, es iol amocanas ar warmoadgens da pensiebze davalianebebi
isev izrdeba.
winaswari SefasebiT, 1998 wels pensiebze davalianebebis odenobam 49 milion lars
gadaaWarba. amas kidev 1999 wlidan 17 milioni laris davalianebebi daemata (maisis
mdgomareobiT); aqedan 11,4 milioni laris davalianeba mxolod 1999 wlis pirveli kvartlis
ganmavlobaSi dagrovda. xelfasidan gadasaxadebis Segroveba dResac mwvave problemas
warmoadgens, xolo sagadasaxado Semosavlis Sesavsebad sgsuf-Si saxelmwifo biujetidan
gadaricxvebi arasistematurad xdeba da arasakmarisi odenobiT. amis gamo, pensionerebi ar
iReben pensiebs ramodenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi. 1998 wlis dekembris garda, zogierT regionSi
pensionerebs zafxulidan ar miuRiaT pensiebi. gadasaxadebis Segroveba da Sesabamisad
pensiebis miwodeba SedarebiT ukeTesad warmoebs TbilisSi, foTSi da sxva ramodenime did
qalaqSi. mTavrobas dagegmili aqvs gasuli wlidan pensiebze davalianebebis dafarva 1999 wlis
mesame kvartlis bolomde. Tumca optimisturi prognozis gakeTeba jer naadrevi iqneba,
vinaidan 1999 wlis ivnisis mdgomareobiT saxelmwifo biujetSi ar Sesula sakmarisi Tanxebi
mimdinare pensiebis gasacemad, davalianebebis dafarvaze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT.
cxrili 8.8:
saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondis mier
pensiebis gadaxda (1998 w. IV kv. .)
IV kv. 1998
erTi
gadaxdili
gadasaxdeli
daxmarebebis
Tanxa
kacis mier
raodenoba (aTasi lari ) saSualod
miRebuli
Tanxa
sul pensiebi
Sromis
904, 261
115, 015 .0
42.4
761,008
84,081.0
36.8
omis veteranebis da invalidebis
55,437
17,791.0
107.0
omis veteranTa qvrivebis
13,696
1,441.0
35.1
socialuri
68,150
7,144.0
34.9
5,970
4,558.0
254.5
personaluri
wyaro: saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondi da
SeniSvna: Sromis pensiebi eZleva garkveuli odenobis wlebis muSaobis Semdeg, xSirad 65 wlamde asakis xalxs.
socialuri pensiebi miecema maT, vinc miaRwia sapensio asaks. personaluri pensiebi gaicema gansakuTrebuli
miRwevebisaTvis.
cxrilSi mocemuli pensionerTa saerTo raodenoba oficialurad registrirebulze odnav maRalia,
vinaidan igi aseve asaxavs 1998 wels gadaxdil wina periodis davalianebas.
1998 wlis monacemebi kvartlebis mixedviTvis moyvanilia statistikuri danarTis cxrilSi A8.3.
7
sapensio sistema, romlis drosac pensionerebisTvis pensiebis dafinanseba xdeba momuSaveTa xelfasebidan
Segrovili gadasaxadebidan.
8
saxelmwifo socialuri uzrunvelyofis gaerTianebuli fondis (sgsuf-is) Semosavals Seadgenen muSakTa
xelfasidan gadasaxadebis ganakveTebi: sabiujeto organizaciebisTvis – nominaluri xelfasis 26 procenti, sxva
tipis damqiravebeli organizaciebisTvis – 27 procenti, xolo daqiravebuli muSakisTvis – 1 procenti.
84
mimarTulebebi
amJamad moqmedi pay-as-you-go sapensio sistema pensionerTa umravlesobas pensiebis
Tanabari ganakveTebiT uzrunvelyobs da ufro xandazmulTa socialuri dacvis sistemas
warmoadgens. Tviuri pensiebi (1998 wlis 1 noembridan, prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad
moxda pensiebis momateba 1 laris odenobiT, iseve rogorc Semweobebisa da sabiujeto
organizaciis xelfasebis) 14 lars Seadgenen pensionerTa umravlesobisTvis, 18 lars omis
veteranTa qvrivebisTvis, xolo omis veteranTa da invalidTa pensiebis ganakveTi 35-45 laramde
meryeobs. yovelTviurad pensiidan 1,8 lari pirdapir saqenergo-Si iricxeba, eleqtroenergiis
gadasaxadebis mokrebis gasaumjobeseblad, Tumca omis veteranebi sargebloben SeRavaTebiT da
eleqtroenergiaze dawesebuli standartuli tarifis mxolod 50 procents ixdian. TandaTan
xdeba pensionerTa sxvadasxva kategoriebis SemoReba namuSevari wlebis odenobisa da xelfasis
mixedviT. diferenciaciis mizniT namuSevari wlebisa da Senatanebis odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT,
momavalSi sapensio sistema imuSavebs personaluri baraTebis safuZvelze. dResdReobiT ki
saxelmwifo biujets mcireodeni Tanabari daxmarebebis droulad gacemac ki uWirs, xolo
garkveuli kategoriis pensionerebisTvis momatebuli pensiebis gadaxdaze xom laparakic
zedmetia. saxelmwifo biujetis davalianeba pensiebze matulobs da im droisaTvis, rodesac
maTi gadaxda sabolood moxerxdeba pensiebis msyidvelobiTi unari sul mcire ganaxevrebuli
iqneba.
nax. 8.2: moxucebulobis pensia da sabiujeto organizaciis muSakis minimaluri
xelfasi rogorc minimaluri
minimaluri saarsebo donis procenti
25
20
minimaluri xelfasi
sabiujetoorganizacieb
Si
moxucebulobis pensia
%
15
10
5
0
ianv96
apr
ivl
oqt ianv96
apr
ivl
oqt ianv97
apr
ivl
oqt ianv98
apr
ivl
oqt ian-99 apr
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi
SeniSvna: 1996 w. ivlisamde mxolod TbilisisTvis, ivlisis Semdeg saqarTvelosTvis
1998 wels gatarebul iqna rigi RonisZiebebisa, romlebic miznad isaxavdnen sapensio
sistemis
funqcionirebis
gaumjobesebas.
1998
wlis
ianvris
dasawyisSi
socialuri
uzrunvelyofisa da dasaqmebis saministros pasuxismgebloba pensionerTa siebis Sedgenasa da
Sesworebaze mTlianad daekisra saxelmwifo socialuri dacvis gaerTianebul fonds. mas
Semdeg miRweul iqna garkveuli winsvla yalbi mimRebTa dadgenisa da ormagi registraciis
SemTxvevebis aRmofrqvris TvalsazrisiT. 1999 wlis 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT, pensionerTa
xelmeore registraciis da siebis Sesworebis Semdeg aramomuSave pensionerTa, anu sapensio
daxmarebis mimRebTa, saerTo raodenobam 898,5 adamiani Seadgina.
85
tenderSi gamarjvebis Semdeg, safosto banki erTaderTi organizaciaa, romelic pensiebis
miwodebas awarmoebs. gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, sgsuf-is
pasuxismgebloba xelfasidan gadasaxadebis Segrovebaze gadaeca saxelmwifo sagadasaxado
inspeqcias (ix. sem-is 1999 wlis #1, Tavi merve). varaudobdnen, rom es cvlileba gaaumjobesebs
gadasaxadebis
Segrovebas,
magram
xelfasidan
gadasaxadebis
Segrovebis
ramdenadme
mniSvnelovan gaumjobesebaze laparaki jer naadrevia, Tanac xefasebis dagvianeba viTarebas
ufro amZimebs.
sapensio
fondi
(sgsuf)
arasakmarisi
dafinansebis
gamo,
pensiebis
gacemasTan
dakavSirebiT, mudmiv sirTuleebs ganicdis. es, biujetidan miRebuli transfertebis simciris
garda, gadasaxadebis gadaxdis da Segrovebis dabali doniTaa ganpirobebuli. xelfasidan
gadasaxadebis maRali ganakveTi xels uwyobs gadasaxadebidan Tavis arideba, xolo fondis
winaSe urCi gadamxdelebis davalianebebi izrdeba. arc erTi aseTi sawarmo gakotrbulad ar
gamocxadebula, miuxedavad imisa, rom fondma maTze sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqmeebi moigo,
zogierTi aseTi sawarmo gaCerebulia da muSakebs xelfass ar uxdis, radganac Zveli valebis
dafarva ar SeuZlia da cdilobs davalianebebi aRar daagrovos. zogjer amgvari situacia
sawarmoebs Crdilovani ekonomikisken ubiZgebs. mTavroba ganixilavs Zveli sagadasaxado
davalianebebis restruqturizaciis SesaZleblobas, romelic daexmareba aseT kompaniebs
ganaaxlon muSaoba, rac maT saSualebas miscems moipovon mogeba da dafaron Zveli
davalianebebi. samwuxarod, zogierTma msxvilma kompaniam, romelic gadasaxadebs ar ixdis,
aRiqva es restruqturizacia, rogorc carte blanche, romelic mas gadasaxadebis Tavidan
acilebis uflebas aZlevs.
dResdReobiT faqtiuri socialuri sagadasaxado baza, potenciur bazasTan SedarebiT,
Zalze mcirea. sagadasaxado Semosavali metwilad Semodis sabiujeto organizaciebidan da
ramodenime
msxvili kompaniidan. SezRuduli sagadasaxado baza da maRali sagadasaxado
ganakveTebi aferxeben saxelmwifo sapensio sistemis muSaobas. moqmedi PAYG-is sistemis
mdgradobis misaRwevad saWiroa erTis mxriv, sagadasaxado bazis gazrda, xolo meores mxriv sagadasaxado ganakveTis Semcireba: es SeiZleba erTgvari stimuli gaxdes im sawarmoebisTvis,
romlebic Tavs arideben gadasaxadebis gadaxdas da ubiZgos Crdilovan ekonomikaSi gadasul
sawarmoebs oficialurad gaaformon TavianTi saqmianoba da gadaixadon gadasaxadebi.
prezidentis brZanebuleba iTvaliswinebs TviTdasaqmebulTa da kerZo seqtorSi momuSaveTa
xelfasebidan gadasaxadebis Segrovebis procedurebis SemoRebas. magram, dResdReobiT,
TviTdasaqmebulTagan gadasaxadebis mokrebis gamarTuli meqanizmebi ar arsebobs, xolo
TviTdasaqmebulebi ar arian dainteresebulni gadaixadon gadasaxadebi. pensionerTa saerTo
ricxvis mniSvnelovani wili soflis mosaxleobaze modis, romelic fermerebisgan Sedgeba da
xelfasidan gadasaxads ar ixdis. momavalSi sasoflo-sameurneo miwis mflobelTagan
socialuri gadasaxadis akrebis SesaZlebloba agreTve ganxilvis procesSia.
amJamad,
sapensio
sistema
xasiaTdeba
damokidebulebis
dabali
koeficientiT9.
nawilobriv, gadasaxdebis gadamxdelTa da pensiis mimRebTa Soris arsebuli dabali
Sefardebis problema TandaTanobiT mogvarebul iqna: 1995 wels Sewyda pensiebis gacema
momuSave pensionerebze, sapensio asaki gaizarda 60-dan 65 wlamde mamakacebisTvis, xolo 55-dan
60 wlamde qalebisTvis. amiT mdgomareoba mxolod droebiT gamoswordeba, radganac daxmarebis
mimRebTa ricxvi 2001 wlisTvis isev daiwyebs matebas axal pensionerTa xarjze. meore
problemas, romlis winaSec dRes sapensio sistema dgas, warmoadgens Canacvlebis dabali
koeficienti10. pensionerTa udidesi nawilis sapensio ganakveTi odnav aRemateba daqiravebul
muSakTa saSualo Tviuri xelfasis 20 procents.
saeWvoa, rom dResdReobiT pay-as-you-go saxelmwifo sistemam damoukideblad SesZlos
pensionerTa dakmayofileba Sesabamisi daxmarebiT. ukve miRebulia garkveuli zomebi, romlebic
9
pensionerTa ricxvis procentuli Sefardeba momuSaveTa ricxvTan.
10
saSualo sapensio ganakveTi saSualo xelfasis TvalsazrisiT.
86
mimarTulebebi
arsebuli saxelmwifo sapensio sistemis mraval safexuriani sistemiT Canacvlebazea
mimarTuli, xolo PAYG sistema SenarCundeba pirveli safexuris saxiT, romelic
uzrunvelyobs xandazmulTa socialuri dacvis meqanizms. mimdinareobs meore safexuris
SemoReba, romelic Sedgeba kerZo nebayoflobiTi struqturebisgan maTTvis, visac SeuZlia da
survili gaaCnia pensiebisTvis meti danazogebi gamoyos, vidre amas saxelmwifo sapensio
sistema iTvaliswinebs. Tumca kerZo sapensio sistemis SemoRebisTvis saWiroa saTanado
finansuri bazari da samarTlebrivi garemo. 1998 wlis 30 oqtombers parlamentma SemoiRo
kanoni “arasaxelmwifo sapensio uzrunvelyofis” Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSi Sevida “fasiani
qaRaldebis bazris” Sesaxeb kanonTan erTad: es kanoni parlamentma 1998 wlis 24 dekembers
miiRo da igi ZalaSi Sevida ianvridan. cxadia, am ori kanonis amoqmedebas garkveuli dro
dasWirdeba.
ori amerikuli kompania – AON Consulting-i da Banfinance International-i am dargSi
konsultaciebs uzrunvelyofen. maTi eqspertebis mier saqarTveloSi unda ganxorcieldes
proeqti, romelic xels Seuwyobs socuzrunvelyofis sistemis ganviTarebas. aRniSnuli
eqspertebi agreTve uzrunvelyofen konsultaciebs samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis dargSi, rac
kerZo sapensio sistemis funqcionirebisTvisaa saWiro. proeqtis ganxorcieleba moiTxovs
agreTve saqarTvelos sadazRvevo bazris Seswavlas. erToblivi kerZo sapensio dazRvevis
kompaniebis Seqmaze gamocxaddeba tenderi, romelSic monawileobas miiReben ucxouri da
adgilobrivi kompaniebi. varaudoben, rom wlis bolosTvis Seiqmneba pirveli erToblivi
socuzrunvelyofis kompaniebi.
msoflio bankis daxmarebiT sgsuf agrZelebs kerZo sapensio struqturebis ganviTarebas
da agreTve reformebis gatarebas saxelmwifo sapensio sistemaSi da socialuri dacvis
sferoSi. saqarTvelos mTavroba ganixilavs saxelmwifo socialuri uzrunvelyofis
kanonproeqts, romelic iTvaliswinebs mTel rig socialuri keTildReobis garantiebs, ris
Semdegac proeqti parlaments gadaecema dasamtkiceblad.
mraval safexuriani sapensio sistemis farglebSi PAYG sistema SeinarCunebs
savaldebulo xasiaTs da amrigad, kerZo sapensio struqturebis SemoReba ar Seqmnis
xelfasidan Sesagrovebeli gadasaxadebis garkveuli nawilis dakargvis saSiSroebas. vinaidan
mTavroba gaagrZelebs xelfasebis dabegvras momavalSi pensionerTa daxmarebebis gacemis
mizniT, arsebuli sapensio sistemis finansuri mdgomareoba aRar damZimdeba. Tumca, iseTi
faqtorebis gamo, rogoricaa SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebis dabali done da is dro, romelic,
savaraudod, kerZo pensiebis mimarT sazogadoebaSi ndobis damkvidrebas dasWirdeba, rTulia
imis prognozireba, Tu ramdeni adamiani isargeblebs kerZo sapensio sistemiT axlo momavalSi.
magram, ufro Soreul perspeqtivaSi, es xels Seuwyobs gacilebiT mdgradi struqturis
Seqmnas.
87
kalendari
oqtomberi
1
4
6
6
6 – 13
7
9
10
11
11
88
eleqtroenergia. eleqtroenergiis sacalo fasis tarifi gaizarda 6
TeTriT TiToeul kilovat/saaTze.
navTobi. saqarTvelos prezidentma miiRo azerbaijanis saxelmwifo
navTobkompaniis vice-prezidenti. maT imsjeles mTavari saeqsporto
navTobsadenis Sesaxeb.
gazi / regionebi (Tbilisi). Tbilisis municipalurma sabWom miiRo
gadawyvetileba bunebriv gazze tarifebis gazrdis Sesaxeb 10
oqtombridan.
kavSirgabmuloba. fostisa da kavSirgabmulobis ministris brZanebis
Tanaxmad
cvlilebebi
iqna
Setanili
saerTaSoriso
da
saqalaqTaSoriso satelefono saubrebisa da safosto momsaxurebis
zogierTi formis tarifebSi.
saerTaSoriso
vaWroba.
saqarTvelos
delegacia,
romelsac
xelmZRvanelobda saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis ministri b-ni mixeil
ukleba, ewvia msoflio savaWro organizacias JenevaSi, sadac
gaimarTa
saqarTvelos
mso-Si
gawevrianebasTan
dakavSirebuli
molaparakebebis Semdegi raundi.
infrastruqtura. saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis prezidentebma
monawileoba miiRes or qveyanas Soris mdinare xramze agebuli axali
xidis gaxsnis ceremonialSi. xidi aSenda evrogaerTianebis TRACECAs
proeqtis
mxardaWeriT.
evrogaerTianebis
xelmZRvanelebis
winadadebiT am xids “TRACECA-s xidi” ewoda.
sabanko saqme / regionebi. rusTavSi gaixsna TBC bankis axali
filiali. filiali ganaxorcielebs yvela im saqmianobas, romelsac
eweva misi saTao organizacia.
warmoeba / navTobi. saqarTvelos prezidenti Sexvda saqarTveloSi
moqmed navTobmwarmoebeli kompaniebis xelmZRvanelebs. Sexvedraze,
romelic
gaimarTa
winandalSi
(kaxeTis
regioni),
ganixiles
aRniSnuli kompaniebis mimdinare muSaoba da maTi samomavlo gegmebi.
navTobi. Sevronma TbilisSi gaxsna ofisi, sademonstracio darbazi
da sadistribucio centri. gaxsnis ceremoniaze sityviT gamovida
saqarTvelos prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe. RonisZiebas eswreboda
Sevronis prezidenti.
daxmareba.
saqarTvelos
delegacia,
romelsac
meTaurobda
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri vaJa lorTqifaniZe, dabrunda
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondisa da msoflio bankis vaSingtonis
yovelwliuri Sexvedridan. rogorc ministrma brZana, saerTaSoriso
savaluto
fondi
saqarTvelosTvis
ar
gascems
struqturul
gardaqmnaTa
gafarToebuli
dafinansebis
meqanizmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli kreditis Semdgom tranSs.
kalendari
15 - 16
21 – 25
22
28
privatizacia / telekomunikaciebi. fostisa da kavSirgabmulobis
saministroSi gaimarTa saerTaSoriso seminari Temaze “saqarTvelo –
satelekomunikacio seqtoris privatizaciis gzebi”.
daxmareba.
Semdgomi
ganviTarebis
prioritetuli
sferoebis
gansazRvris mizniT, saqarTvelos estumra rekonstruqciisa da
ganviTarebis evropuli bankis rva direqtori.
privatizacia
/
eleqtroenergia.
rogorc
qonebis
marTvis
saministrom gamoacxada, Tbilisis eleqtroenergiis municipaluri
kompaniis -“Telasis”, 75% wilze gamocxadebul tenderSi gaimarjva
amerikulma konpaniam AES.
statistika.
statistikis
saxelmwifo
departamentSi
gaimarTa
seminari, romelic exeboda saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri samuSaoebis
klasifikaciis registraciis axali erovnuli sistemis SemoRebas.
noemberi
2 – 5
5
13 – 20
13 – 20
16 – 17
19
19 – 20
20 – 27
20 – 27
turizmi. msoflio turistuli organizaciis egidiTa da finansuri
mxardaWeriT, TbilisSi gaimarTa mesame erovnuli turistuli
forumi -”abreSumis gza”.
turizmi. TbilisSi gaimarTa dsT-s qveynebis turistuli sabWos
Sexvedra.
soflis meurbeoba / sakvebi. axalcixis regionSi aRmoCenili
saqonlis qveda kidurebisa da piris Rrus daavadebis aRkveTis
mizniT, gamocxadda karantini.
infrastruqtura (gzebi). samanqano gzaTa departamentma gamoacxada
tenderi mTavari samanqano arteriebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT.
tenderSi gamarjvebuli, 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, SeakeTebs gzebze
arsebul ormoebs da gaswevs gzebis eqspluataciisaTvis saWiro sxva
samuSaoebs.
biznesi / teqnologiebi. saqarTveloSi gaimarTa konferenciagamofena Temaze - “mzis teqnologiebis biznesis perspeqtiva
kavkasiaSi”
mmarTveloba. prezidentis # 652 brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, daviT
onofriSvili dainiSna saqarTvelos finansTa ministrad.
saerTaSoriso urTierTobani. somxeTis oficialuri delegacia,
romelsac meTaurobda somxeTis prezidenti robert qoCariani,
estumra saqarTvelos. saqarTvelos prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem
da somxeTis prezidentma qoCarianma, xeli moaweres or qveyanas
Soris TanamSromlobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis deklaracias.
privatizacia. qonebis marTvis saministrom
gamoacxada axali
tenderi WiaTuris manganumis erToblivi sawarmos 75% wilis
privatizaciis Sesaxeb simboluri fasiT – 20 000 aSS dolari.
privatizacia. qonebis marTvis saministrom gamoacxada auqcioni
quTnavTobproduqtis umetes wilze, romelic saxelmwifos ekuTnoda.
89
kalendari
20 – 27
23 – 24
daxmareba. evrogaerTianebam gamoyo 600 000 ekiu saqarTvelos
statistikuri
samsaxuris
ganviTarebisaTvis,
kerZod,
biznesis
statistikis sistemebis SemuSavebasa da ganaxlebisaTvis.
infrastruqtura / transporti. TbilisSi Catarda Savi zRvis panevropuli satransporto sivrcis eqspertTa Sexvedra.
dekemberi
4
12
14
14
19
21
21
22
22
sahaero
transporti.
saqarTvelos
sahaero
transportis
departamentis
pres-konferenciaze
gamocxadda
sami
qarTuli
aviakompaniis – “air zenas”, “qarTuli aviaxazebisa” da “ear jorjas”,
dagegmili gaerTianeba.
infrastruqtura / transporti. TbilisSi Catarda baltiisa da Savi
zRvis qveynebis satransporto konferencia, sadac ganxilul iqna
evr-aziis satransporto derefnis integraciis sakiTxebi.
politika. Camoyalibda axali politikuri moZraoba – “saqarTvelos
qristian-demokratiuli kavSiri”.
telekomunikaciebi. mobiluri telefonebis amerikulma kompaniam
“megakomma” DSeamcira tarifebi.
infrastruqtua / transporti. baTumis sazRvao portSi gaixsna axali
sarkinigzo borani, romelic baTums daakavSirebs Savi zRvis sxva
portebTan.
finansebi. saqarTvelos finansTa ministrma da germaniis elCma
saqarTveloSi xeli moaweres TanamSromlobis xelSekrulebas 1998-99
wlebisaTvis, romlis Tanaxmadac germania saqarTvelos gamouyofs
preferencialur sesxs 81,5 milion germanuli markis odenobiT.
infrastruqtura / transporti. baTumis sazRvao portSi daiwyo
mraval profiliani terminalis mSenebloba, romlisTvisac fondebs
gamoyofs Turquli firma “Sener adani”.
finansebi. transportis saministroSi xeli moewera xelSekrulebas
saqarTvelosaTvis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis evropuli bankis
kreditebis gamoyofis Sesaxeb 58,75 mln aSS dolaris odenobiT.
kreditebi moxmardeba engurhesisa da saqarTvelos rkinigzis
reabilitacias.
privatizacia / eleqtroenergia. qonebis marTvis saministroSi xeli
moewera xelSekrulebas, Tbilisis eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebel
sawarmo
“Telasis”
umetesi
saxelmwifo
wilis
amerikuli
kompaniisaTvis “AES abreSumis gza” miyidvis Sesaxeb.
ianvari
4
90
privatizacia / eleqtroenergia. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis
saministrosTan 1998 wlis 21 dekembers xelmowerili xelSekrulebis
Sesabamisad, amerikulma kompaniam daiwyo “Telasis” marTva.
mimarTulebebi - 1999 weli, #2
kalendari
5
6
8
8 – 15
8 – 15
11
19
19
20
25
25 – 26
26
28
daxmareba. 6.3 mln amerikuli dolarze meti Rirebulebis mqone
medikamentebis didi partia, Camotanil iqna aSS-dan humanitaruli
daxmarebis saxiT.
energoresursebi / navTobi. sufsis navTob terminalze dasrulda
mTavari samSeneblo samuSaoebi. terminali mzadaa navTobis misaRebad.
energoresursebi / navTobi. adreuli kaspiis navTobi Camovida
samgoris navTobis kompaniaSi.
privatizacia / gazi. saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom
gaauqma
“Tbilgazze”
gamarTuli
tnederis
Sedegebi,
radgan
gamarjvebulma erToblivma kompaniam “intergazma” ar Seasrula
Tavisi valdebulebebi. gamocxadebul iqneba axali tenderi.
warmoeba / sasmelebi. kompaniam “koka-kola boTlers jorjia” daiwyo
gaziani, mineraluri wylis “bonakva” Camosxma.
infrastruqtura / transporti.
transporti. rogorc transportis ministrma
ganacxada preskonferenciaze, sufsaSi amoqmeddeba sazRvao portis
xelisufleba.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis qseli. saqarTveloSi muSaobas iwyebs
pirveli sapensio dazRvevis kompania.
mmarTveloba / finansebi. TbilisSi aTdRiani vizitiT Camovida
saerTaSoriso
savaluto
fondis
misia,
romelic
Seiswavlis
saqarTvelos finansTa da ekonomikis saministroebis, sagadasaxado da
sabaJo
departamentebis
muSaobas
struqturul
gardaqmnaTa
gafarToebuli dafinansebis meqanizmiT gaTvaliswinebuli kreditis
Semdgomi tranSis gamoyofis mizniT.
mmarTveloba.
saparlamento
sesiam
ganixila
kanoni
“miwis
saxelmwifo registraciisaTvis saWiro mosakrebelTa Sesaxeb”.
privatizacia / telekomunikaciebi. saqarTvelos satelekomunikacio
seqtoris
finansuri
sabWos
wevris
statusis
misaRebad,
gamocxadebulia tenderi.
kontaqtebi / biznesi. TbilisSi Catarda qarTveli da italieli
biznesmenebis
samdRiani
Sexvedra.
ganxilul
iqna
Semdgomi
ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis sakiTxebi.
navTobi. saqarTvelos prezidentma miiRo britanuli kompaniis “ramko
enerji” menejerebi. Sexvedraze ganixiles kompaniis Sesrulebuli
samuSaoebi da momavali gegmebi navTobis moZiebaSi.
mmarTveloba. msoflio bankTan xelmoweril iqna ori xelSekruleba
– industriuli sawarmoebis restruqturizacia (20 mln aSS dolari)
da Savi zRvis dacva (3,5 mln aSS dolari).
Tebervali
5 – 12
privatizacia / telekomunikaciebi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis
marTvisa da fostisa da kavSirgabmulobis ministrebma gaakeTes
gancxadeba saqarTvelos telekomunikaciebis momavali privatizaciis
Sesaxeb.
91
kalendari
8
12 – 19
12 – 19
13
15
19
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
25
92
finansebi / sabanko saqme. TBC-bankma Tavisi filiali gaxsna
quTaisSi.
energoresursebi / navTobi. Sevronis prezidentma, riCard mackem,
ganacxada, rom kompanias gadawyvetili aqvs gazardos saqarTveloze
gamavali Tengizis navTobis moculoba.
energoresursebi / gazi. transkavkasiuri navTobsadenis mSeneblobis
saerTaSoriso tenderSi, saqarTvelos teritoria wilad xvda
amerikul konsorciums.
infrastruqtura / navTobi. warmatebiT dasrulda dasavleTis gzis
navTobsadebis proeqtis sanapiro saSualebaTa samontaJo samuSaoebi
energoresursebi
/
eleqtroenergia.
saqarTvelos prezidentis
brZanebis
Sesabamisad,
cxinvalis
hidroenergocentri
gadaeca
municipalur sawarmos “Tbilwyalkanali”.
finansebi / savaluto birJa. USAID-m Seajama TbilisSi savaluto
birJis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebuli tenderis saboloo maCveneblebi.
mxolod or monawiles – “saqarTvelos savaluto birJa” da
“koniunqturis Seswavlis centri” – Soris, gamarjveba pirvels xvda
wilad.
infrastruqtura / kavSirgabmuloba. telekomunikaciis seqtoris
ganviTarebis
proeqti
da
investorTa
mozidvis
strategia
damtkicebul iqna saprezidento dekretiT.
infrastruqtura
dasrulda
sangaCal-sufsis
/
navTobi.
navTobsadenis mSenebloba.
mmarTveloba / finansebi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri, vaJa
lorTqifaniZe, vaSingtonSi Sexvda msoflio bankis oficialur
pirebs. Sexvedrisas ganixiles ekonomiuri situacia da msoflio
bankisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis programebis danergvis
sakiTxebi saqarTveloSi.
turizmi. israelis maRalkvalificirebulma eqspertebma turizmis
biznesSi
ganaxorcieles
saqarTveloSi
turizmis
mimdinare
mdgomareobisa da misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis winaswari
Seswavla. eqspertTa muSaoba daafinansa israelis sagareo saqmeTa
saministrom.
statistika
/
sawvavi.
wlis
dasawyisidan
saqarTveloSi
importirebul iqna 10 900 tona benzini da 13 800 tona dizelis
sawvavi.
privatizacia. USAID –s eqspertebma, msoflio bankis mier SerCeuli 19
sawarmos privatizaciis mimdinareobis Semowmebis mizniT, daiwyes
muSaoba saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministroSi.
energoresursebi / navTobi. prezidenti SevardnaZe Sexvda daviT
vudvords,
azerbaijanis
navTobis
saerTaSoriso
kompaniis
prezidents. Sexvedrisas ganixiles kaspiis navTobis transportirebis
sakiTxi saqarTveloze gamaval, e.w. dasavleTis gza.
privatizacia
/
energoresursebi.
saqarTvelos
energosistemis
muSakebis
kongresis
monawileebma
gailaSqres
saqarTvelos
energoseqtoris privatizaciis winaaRmdeg.
kalendari
26
mmarTveloba.
prezidenti
SevardnaZe,
gaemgzavra
TurqeTs,
oficialuri vizitiT. prezident demirelTan Sexvedrisas ganixilul
iqna didi ekonomikuri proeqtis (Turqmenuli gazis transportireba,
yarsi-axalqalaqi mTavari sadenis mSenebloba, baTumis aeroportis
rekonstruqcia da baqo-Tbilisi- baTumi samanqano gzis mSenebloba)
ganxorcielebis perspeqtiva.
marti
1
3
4
5 – 12
9 – 10
11
12 – 19
12 – 19
12 – 19
17
gadasaxadebi. saaqcizo markebis SemoReba Tambaqosa da alkoholur
saqonelze,
romelic
gansazRvruli
iyo
1
martisaTvis,
momavlisTvis gadaido.
energoresursebi / eleqtroenergia. sawvavis ukmarisobis gamo
Tbilsreses sami eleqtro bloki gaCerda TbilisSi.
mmarTveloba. prezidenti SevardnaZe oTxdRiani oficialuri vizitiT
imyofeboda iaponiaSi. prezidentisa da iaponiis premier ministris,
keiZo obutis, Sexvedrisas ganxilul iqna or qveyanas Soris
TanamSromlobis
gafarToeba
didi
abreSumis
gzis
proeqtis
ganviTarebis mizniT.
energoresursebi / navTobi. sarTiWalis navTobgadamamuSavebeli
qarxnis
amerikelma
partniorebma
ganacxades,
rom
daslian
danadgarebs da waiReben saxlSi. mizezad asaxeleben Zalian maRal,
60%-ian, saaqcizo gadasaxads.
mrgvali magida Temaze: “BSEC XXI saukunis mijnaze” gaimarTa
TbilisSi. masSi monawileobas iRebda 80 eqsperti. ganxilul iqna
organizaciis
mTavari
ekonomikuri
mimarTulebebi
da
misi
politikuri ganviTareba.
soflis meurneoba / sakvebi. saflis meurneobisa da kvebis
produqtebis
damuSavebis
saministrom
daamtkica
saxelmwifo
programa savaraudod Seexeba potenciur
programa
“Hazelnut”.
saeqsporto saqonels, romelzec didi moTxovnaa evropul bazarze.
daxmareba
/
finansebi.
evrokomisiis
gadawyvetilebiT
saqarTvelosaTvis gamoiyofa 4 mln evros odenobis granti, qveynis
sakvebi produqtiT uzrunvelyofisa da saxelmwifo biujetis
daxmarebis mizniT.
sagareo
JenevaSi
gaimarTa
saqarTvelos
mso-Si
vaWroba.
gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebul molaparakebebis Semdegi raundi.
umTavresad ganixiles saqarTvelos msoflio bazrebze Sesvlis
pirobebi.
sabaJo.
saqarTvelos
sabaJos
modernizebasTan
dakavSirebuli
sabaJo.
tenderi eqvs monawilesTan dasrulda. gamarjvebuli gamovlindeba
saqarTvelos finansTa saministros mier 1999 wlis 1 maiss.
infrastruqtura / navTobi. sufsasa da foTSi DDCatarda sufsis
terminalisa da foTis saborne gadasasvlelis gaxsnis oficialuri
ceremoniali, romelsac daeswrnen saqarTvelos, azerbaijanisa da
ukrainis prezidentebi, aSS-s oficialur pirebTan erTad.
93
kalendari
18 – 19
20
23 – 26
24 – 25
30
94
borjomSi gaimarTa BSEC – is samuSao jgufis Sexvedra sagangebo
situaciebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. Sexvedra daxurul kars miRma
gaimarTa.
biznesi. italiuri komaniis “Grandi Molini” direqtorma, serjio ramam,
ganacxada,
rom
apirebs
saqarTvelos
datovebas,
radgan
purproduqtebisa da fqvilis ukanono importi iwvevs am produqtebis
kanonieri importiorebis daqcevas.
“Expo-Georgia” – s sagamofeno centrSi gaimarTa meore sareTaSoriso
gamofena.
infrastruqtura / navsadgurebi. foTSi Catarda Savi zRvis
navsadgurebis pirveli konferencia.
privatizacia / madani. erToblivi sawarmos “WiaTurmanganumis” wilis
umravlesobis mosapoveblad gamarTuli xelmeore tenderi uSedegod
damTavrda. sawarmos wilis 75%-ze dadebulma simbolurma fasmac
(20 000 aSS dolari) ki ver SeZlo investorebis mozidva.
ekonomikuri glosariumi
absoluturi upiratesoba
(Absolute advantage)
qveynis unari awarmoos ufro meti saqoneli vidre
sxva
qveyana
awarmoebs
resursebis
igive
moculobisas (ix. fardobiTi upiratesoba)
arasruli dasaqmeba
(Under-employment)
ekonomikuri
situacia,
rodesac
miwodeba aWarbebs masze moTxovnas
auTsaideri (bankis)
(Outsider)
ara-insaideri
aqcia
(Share, Stock )
saxsrebis mopovebis mizniT saaqcio sazogadoebis
mier gamoSvebuli grZelvadiani fasiani qaRaldi.
aqciis myidveli gadaxdili fulis sanacvlod
xdeba kompaniis sruluflebiani TanamesakuTre,
anu monawileobs mis marTvasa da mogebaSi. (ix.
fasiani
qaRaldebi,
obligacia,
saxazino
valdebuleba)
muSaxelis
SeniSvna: zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad did britaneTSi,
sityva stock gansxvavdeba mniSvnelobiT sityva share-sagan, da
aRniSnavs
kompaniis
an
saxelmwifos
mier
gamoSvebul
grZelvadian sasesxo valdebulebas.
balansis aRricxvis furceli balansi
(Balance sheet)
dokumenti, romelic asaxavs firmis aqtivebisa da
valdebulebebis moculobas da struqturas.
biujeturi SezRudva
(Budget constraint)
xarjebis
SezRudva
gamowveuli
sxvadasxva
mizeziT, magaliTad, Semosavlebis simciriT.
gadasaxadebi
(Taxes)
begara dawesebuli saxelmwifos mier kerZo
pirebis an sawarmoebis Semosavalze an mogebaze
(pirdapiri gadasaxadi), saqonlis gamoyenebze an
momsaxurebiT sargeblobaze (iribi gadasaxadi) da
qonebaze.
saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi
gadasaxadebia:
1. sawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadi (Profit tax);
2. kerZo
Semosavalze
gadasaxadi
pirebis
(Personal income tax);
3. damatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadi _ dRg
misi bazaa iuridiuli Tu
(Value Added Tax).
fizikuri pirebis mier Seqmnili damatebuli
Rirebuleba
_
sxvaoba
saqonlis
an
momsaxurebis sarealizacio fassa da mis
95
warmoebasa da mowodebasTan dakavSirebuli
materialur xarjebisa;
4. sabaJo gadasaxadi (Customs duties) _ saxelmwifo
biujetSi savaldebulo Senatani saqarTvelos
sabaJo
sazRvarze
saqonlis
gadaadgilebisaTvis;
5. aqcizi (Excise) _ garkveuli saxis saqonlis
moxmarebaze
iribi
gadasaxadi,
romelic
CarTulia am saqonlis fasSi;
6. gadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidan (Payroll
taxes) _ specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis
(jandacvis,
socuzrunvelyofis
da
a.S.)
mosakrebeli, romlis gadaxda damqiraveblisa
da muSakis mier xdeba sawarmos xelfasebis
fondidan, fiqsirebuli ganakveTiT.
(ix. sagadasaxado baza)
gamoSveba, warmoebis moculoba
moculoba
(Output)
saqoneli da momsaxureba warmoebuli garkveuli
periodis ganmavlobaSi.
depoziti
(Deposit)
kerZo piris an sawarmos angariSi komerciul
bankSi, romelzedac momxmarebels SeuZlia fulis
an Cekebis ganTavseba da maTi gamotana bankis
winaswar gafrTxilebis pirobiT.
deflatori (mSp
(mSpmSp-is deflatori)
deflatori)
(Deflator - GDP deflator)
fasebis indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens garkveul
wels
gamoSvebuli
saqonlis
Rirebulebis
fardobas sabaziso wlis fasebSi gamosaxul
RirebulebasTan. mSp-is deflatori gansazRvravs
damokidebulebas
nominalur
da
realur
(sabaziso wlis) mSp-s Soris.
deflacia
(Deflation)
fasebis saerTo donis daweva. (ix. inflacia)
ekonomikuri zrda
(Economic growth)
realuri gamoSvebis zrda.
erovnuli angariSebi
(National accounts)
drois garkveul periodSi (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis
ganmavlobaSi),
erovnuli
ekonomikis
amsaxveli statistikuri monacemebis erToblioba.
kerZod, erovnuli angariSebi asaxaven qveyanaSi
warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis mTlian
moculobas da qveynis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis
indikators warmoadgenen.
96
valdebuleba (pasivi )
(Liability)
vali;
pirovnebis
an
sawarmos
gankargvaSi
arsebuli saxsrebi da qoneba, romelzedac sxva
mxares garkveuli pretenzia SeiZleba gaaCndes.
qveynis valutis sxva qveynis valutaSi gamosaxuli
fasi, romelic dadgenilia am valutebis realuri
msyidvelobiTi unaris gaTvaliswinebiT.
valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )
(Appreciation)
savaluto bazarze
valutis dacema)
valutis
valutis dacema (kursis dacema )
(Depreciation)
savaluto
bazarze
valutis
valutebTan SedarebiT.
fasis
zrda.
gaiafeba
(ix.
sxva
SeniSvna: ekonomikur literaturaSi sityvas “Depreciation’
SeiZleba hqondes sxva mniSvnelobac _ cveTa, cveTis
sabuRaltro asaxva, amortizacia.
investicia (kapitaldabandeba )
(Investment)
1. fizikuri qonebis, magaliTad qarxnis, manqanadanadgarebis, SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (realuri
investicia)
2.
fasiani
qaRaldebis,
magaliTad
aqciebis,
SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (finansuri investicia)
SeniSvna: realuri investicia qmnis axal aqtivebs, e. i. zrdis
qveynis sawarmoo potencials; maSin rodesac finansuri
investicia, ubralod, aqtivebis flobis uflebis gadacemaa.
insaideri (bankis )
(Insider)
bankis administraciuli muSaki an aqcioneri, misi
ojaxis wevri an masTan saqmiani interesebiT
dakavSirebuli piri. (sapir. - auTsaideri)
inteleqtualuri
inteleqtualuri kapitali
(Human capital)
saerTo codna romelic gamoiyeneba warmoebaSi.
investiciebs inteleqtualuri kapitalis gazrdaSi, anu sxvadasxva saxis gamokvlevebSi, Sedegad
sdevs
axali,
teqnikurad
gaumjobesebuli
produqciis warmoeba da ekonomikis efeqturobis
zrda.
intervencia
(Intervention)
ama Tu im ekonomikuri subieqtis erTjeradi
intensiuri zemoqmedeba bazarze.
magaliTad
erovnuli bankis mier ucxouri valutis gayidvis
mkveTri gazrda.
inflacia
(Inflation)
fasebis saerTo donis aweva. (ix. deflacia)
97
kalaTa
(Basket)
ama Tu im sidideTa kompleqti, nakrebi, mag.:
1. samomxmareblo kalaTa _ pirobiTi momxmareblis mier moxmarebuli saqonlisa da misTvis
gaweuli momsaxurebis erToblioba;
2. savaluto kalaTa _ sxvadasxva qveynis valutis
ama Tu im wesiT Seqmnili nakrebi (ECU _ ekiu,
evropuli savaluto erTeuli; SDR _ sesxebis
specialuri ufleba; PPS _ msyidvelobiTi
unaris standarti).
kapitaldabandeba
(Investment)
ix. investicia.
kapitali
(Capital)
warmoebis
materialuri
(fabrikebi,
ofisebi,
manqana-danadgarebi) da aramaterialuri (“nou-hau”)
saSualebebis erToblioba.
kapitalis dena
(Capital flight)
fondebis moZraoba adgilobriv ekonomikasa da
gare samyaros Soris, dakavSirebuli fasiani
qaRaldebis
an
fizikuri
aqtivebis
yidvagayidvasTan da saerTaSoriso sesxebTan.
kapitaluri angariSi
(Capital account)
1. sagadamxdelo balansis nawili, romelic aRwers grZelvadiani aqtivebis yidva-gayidvasTan da
kerZo seqtoris sesxebTan dakavSirebul saxsrebis
moZraobas (ix. mimdinare angariSi)
2. erovnuli
angariSebis
nawili,
romelic
moicavs mTavrobis mier saxelmwifo infrastruqturis sferoSi (gzebi, skolebi, saavadmyofoebi)
gaweul xarjebs da kerZo seqtoris realur
investiciebs.
likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )
(Liquid assets)
fuladi aqtivebi romlebic advilad SeiZleba
iqnas gamoyenebuli
angariSsworebisTvis: oqro,
bankis fuladi saxsrebi salaroSi (larebi da
ucxouri valuta), sakorespondento angariSebi
erovnul da ucxour valutaSi (maT Soris
sazRvargareTac),
savaldebulo
rezervebis
angariSze arsebuli saxsrebi (Tu isini sakredito
auqcionze nayidi kreditis uzrunvelyofas ar
waroadgenen).
lorencis mrudi
(Lorenz curve)
raime
sididis,
magaliTad
Semosavlebis,
ganawilebis amsaxveli mrudi.
diagonalsa da lorencis mruds Soris moqceuli
farTobis Sefardebas diagonalis qvemoT moqceul
98
farTobTan ewodeba jinis (Gini) koeficienti. igi
warmoadgens ganawilebis araTanabrobis sazoms da
icvleba nolidan (Tanabari ganawileba) erTamde
(absoluturad araTanabari ganawileba).
M0
sxvanairad _ “viwro fuli”. monetarul TeoriaSi
fuladi
maragis
erT-erTi
sazomi
(fuladi
agregati), romelic moicavs fuladi aqtivebis
yvelaze likvidur nawils _ bankebis gareT
arsebul naRd fuls. (ar moicavs im naRd fuls,
romelic rezervebis saxiT komerciuli bankebis
sacavebSi inaxeba).
M2
sxvanairad _ “farTo fuli”, moicavs M0-sa da komerciul
bankebSi
arsebul
arasabanko
da
arasaxelmwifo depozitebs adgilobriv valutaSi.
ganisazRvreba rogorc fuli, romelic, garkveuli
periodis amowurvis Semdeg, SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnas angariSsworebisTvis.
M3
aseve, xSirad moixsenieba rogorc “farTo fuli”;
moicavs M2-sa da mosaxleobis ucxour valutaSi
denominirebul anabrebs komerciul bankebSi.
makroekonomika
(Macroeconomics)
ekonomikuri
mecnierebis
nawili,
romelic
swavlobs ekonomikas rogorc erT mTlians da
cdilobs daadginos fundamenturi ekonomikuri
cnebebis _ warmoebisa da dasaqmebis donis,
fasebis saerTo donis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi
faqtorebi.
materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )
(Fixed assets)
Senoba-nagebobani, sameurneo inventari da maTze
gaweuli kapitaluri danaxarjebi
meoradi kapitali (bankis )
(Secondary capital)
materialuri
aqtivebis
gadafasebis
nawili,
miznobrivi fondebi, saimedo sesxebis SesaZlo
danakargebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnili rezervebi.
(ix. pirveladi kapitali)
mikroekonomika
(Microeconomics)
ekonomikuri
mecnierebis
nawili,
romelic
swavlobs momxmareblebisa da firmebis qmedebas;
aanalizebs sawarmoo faqtorebis, saqonlisa da
momsaxurebis sabazro fasebsa da moculobas.
agreTve,
ganixilavs
SezRuduli
ekonomikuri
resursebis ganawilebis efeqturobas.
mimdinare angariSi
1. drois
garkveul
monakveTSi
(rogorc
wesi,
99
(Current account)
erTi
wlis
ganmavlobaSi)
qveynis
danarCen
msofliosTan
sasaqonlo
(xiluli)
da
samomsaxureo
(uxilavi)
vaWrobis
amsaxveli
angariSi. (ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; savaWro
balansi)
2. bankSi
fizikuri
piris
Tu
kompaniis
moTxovnamde angariSi.
mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )
(Current assets)
likviduri aqtivebi da bankis mier dafarvis erT
Tvemde vadiT gacemuli sesxebi.
agreTve bankis
sxva moTxovnebi dafarvis erT Tvemde vadiT.
moTxovnebi
(Claims)
finansuri
aqtivebi,
saxeldobr
gacemuli
kreditebi, saxazino da komerciuli Tamasuqebi.
monetaruli politika
(Monetary policy)
ix. fuladi politika.
mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _
mfi
(Producer price index - PPI)
indeqsi romelic asaxavs adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebis mier sakuTar produqciaze dadebuli
fasebis
donis
saSualo
cvlilebas.
(ix.
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi)
mep - mTliani erovnuli produqti
(GNP)
drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis
ganmavlobaSi)
qveynis
mSp-sa
da
sazRvargareTidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis
jami.
mSp - mTliani
mTliani Sida produqti
(GDP)
drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi) adgilobrivad warmoebuli
saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis jamuri
fuladi Rirebuleba. (ix. erovnuli angariSebi)
nominaluri
(Nominal)
gazomili mimdinare fasebSi, inflaciis gauTvaliswineblad. (ix. realuri)
obligacia
(Bond)
rogorc wesi, mTavrobis an komerciuli organizaciis mier, sesxis aRebis mizniT gamoSvebuli,
myari saprocento ganakveTis mqone, grZelvadiani
fasiani qaRaldi. (ix. aqcia, saxazino Tamasuqi).
pirveladi
pirveladi kapitali (bankis )
(Primary capital)
aqciebis realizaciidan miRebuli kapitali, kapitaluri
rezervebi
(ganawilebuli
mogebis
nawili, romelic gankuTvnilia gauTvaliswinebeli zaralis dasafaravad), gaunawilebeli mogeba.
(ix. meoradi kapitali)
100
realuri
(Real)
gazomili namdvil (sabaziso wlis fasebTan
Sesadar) fasebSi, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
sagadasaxdelo balansi
(Balance of payments)
wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen msofliosTan
savaWro da safinanso urTierTobis amsaxveli
angariSi. igi Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi nawilisagan:
mimdinare angariSi da kapitaluri angariSi.
sagadasaxado baza
(Tax base)
mTliani fuladi fondi romelic eqvemdebareba
gadasaxadebis gadaxdas. magaliTad, saSemosavlo
gadasaxadis baza aris am gadasaxads daqvemdebarebuli mTliani Semosavlebi, xolo mogebis gadasaxadis baza aris yvela im mogebis jami, romelic
am gadasaxads eqvemdebareba.
sagadasaxado fardoba
(Tax wedge)
Tanafardoba damqiraveblis mier gaweuli mTliani
xarjebisa daqiravebulis mier miRebul wminda
xelfasis odenobasTan.
savaWro balansi
(Balance of trade)
wlis ganmavlobaSi) danarCen msofliosTan qveynis
sasaqonlo (xiluli) vaWrobis amsaxveli angariSi.
(ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; mimdinare angariSi).
savaldebulo rezervebi
(Reserve requirements)
komerciuli bankebis saerTo aqtivebSi, rezervebis
savaldebulo proporcia, romelsac centraluri
banki
awesebs.
es
Tanxebi
uzrunvelyofen
momxmareblebis
yoveldRiuri
moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebas da zRudaven kreditebis gacemas.
saqarTveloSi komerciuli bankebis es rezervebi
inaxeba seb-Si.
sakorespondento angariSebi
(Correspondent accounts)
bankebis angariSebi sxva bankebSi, romlebic
gamoiyeneba
klientTa
saxeliT
bankTaSoris
angariSsworebaSi. maTi moculoba damokidebulia
saangariSsworebo
sistemis
moqnilobaze
da
bankebis survilze gascen sesxi.
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _
sfi
(Consumer price index - CPI)
inflaciis sazomi indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens
samomxmareblo saqonlis da momsaxurebis fiqsirebuli
kalaTis
nominaluri
Rirebulebis
fardobas amave kalaTis sabaziso wlis fasebSi
gamosaxul RirebulebasTan.
samuSao Zala
rogorc fizikuri (magaliTaT, manqanis awyoba),
101
(Labour)
ise
inteleqtualuri
(magaliTad,
aRricxvis
sistemis
Seqmna)
Sromis
sawarmoo procesSi.
maragis
SenaZeni
saprocento ganakveTi
(Interest rate)
msesxeblis mier kreditorisTvis ZiriTadi valis
garda gadasaxdeli Tanxa, gamoxatuli ZiriTadi
valis procentebSi; fuladi resursebis gadacemis
sabazro fasi.
sarezervo fuli
(Reserve money)
aseve moixsenieba rogorc fulis baza an “Zlieri
saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )
(Treasury bill)
finansTa saministros an centraluri bankis mier
gamoSvebuli,
gansazRvruli
saprocento
ganakveTis
mqone,
moklevadiani
(erT
welze
naklebi) fasiani qaRaldi, romelic warmoadgens
mTavrobis mier Tamasuqis mflobelisagan sesxis
aRebis damamtkicebel sabuTs. saxazino Tamasuqi
erT-erTi
instrumentia,
romlis
meSveobiTac
centraluri
banki
akontrolebs
mimoqcevaSi
arsebuli fulis moculobas. (ix. obligacia)
socialuri uzrunvelyofis
sistema
(Social Safety Net)
socialurad
naklebad
uzrunvelyofili
fenebisTvis _ mcireSemosavliani ojaxebisTvis,
umuSevrebisTvis, pensionerebisTvis, invalidebisTvis, martoxela mSoblebisTvis da a.S. daxmarebis
aRmoCenis sistema.
savaluto rezervebi
(Foreign currency (exchange) reserves)
ucxouri valutisa da oqros maragi, romelic
gamoiyeneba sagadamxdelo balansis deficitis
Sesavsebad.
sterilizacia
(Sterilisation)
ama Tu im eknomikuri RonisZiebis Tanmdevi
arasasurveli
efeqtis
gabaTileba
sxva
ekonomikuri RonisZiebiT. magaliTad, samTavrobo
dakreditebis gazrdis Sedegad fuladi maragis
zrdis Tavidan asacileblad, erovnuli banki
ucxouri valutis gayidviT amcirebs mimoqcevaSi
arsebuli adgilobrivi valutis moculobas.
uimedo sesxi
(Bad loan)
gasesxebuli Tanxa, romlis ukan dabruneba aRar
aris mosalodneli (magaliTad, mevale gakotrda).
aseTi sesxebi miekuTvneba xarjebs da Camoiwereba.
102
fuli”, Seicavs M0-sa da komerciul bankebSi
arsebul sxvadasxva rezervebs. sarezervo fulis
moculobas
uSualod
centraluri
banki
akontrolebs.
fardobiTi upiratesoba
(Comparative advantage)
qveynis
unari
ufro
naklebi
danaxarjebiT
awarmoos
garkveuli
saqoneli
vidre
meore
qveyanam. (ix. absoluturi upiratesoba)
fasiani qaRaldebi
(Securities)
kapitalis
mozidvis
finansuri
instrumenti.
ZiriTadi fasiani qaRaldebia: aqcia, obligacia,
Tamasuqi, saxazino valdebuleba.
faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis
faqtorebi
(Factors of production)
faqtoruli Rirebuleba
(Factor cost)
resursebi romlebic gamoiyeneba firmebis mier
saqonlis an momsaxurebis warmoebisas. gamoyofen
sawarmoo faqtorebis sam ZiriTad jgufs: miwa,
samuSao Zala da kapitali.
saqonlis an momsaxurebis Rirebuleba daxarjuli faqtoruli resursebis gamosaxulebaSi.
faqtoruli Semosavali an
erovnuli Semosavali
(Factor income or national income)
drois mocemul periodSi SinameurneobaTa saerTo
fuladi
Semosavali
miRebuli
biznesisTvis
faqtoruli resursebis mowodebis sanacvlod.
fiskaluri politika
(Fiscal policy)
sagadasaxado-sabiujeto politika. sagadasaxado
sistemisa da saxelmwifo xarjebis struqturis
saTanado marTviT qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze
zemoqmedebis meqanizmi.
fuladi baza
(Monetary base)
ix. sarezervo fuli
fuladi politika
(Monetary policy)
qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze zemoqmedeba fulis moculobis, dakreditebisa da saprocento
ganakveTebis struqturis saTanado marTviT.
fulis mimoqcevis siCqare
(Velocity of money circulation)
indeqsi,
romelic
gviCvenebs
Tu,
periodis ganmavlobaSi, saSualod
gamoiyeneba
angariSsworebisTvis
fuladi
erTeuli.
gamoiTvleba
V =
PY
M
, sadac,
V
aris
fulis
garkveuli
ramdenjer
TiToeuli
formuliT:
mimoqcevis
siCqare; M _ fulis moculoba (M2 an M3); Y _
realuri mSp; P _ mSp-s deflatori.
fulis multiplikatori
(Money multiplier)
sabanko sistemas, sadepozito angariSebze miRebuli Tanxebis gasesxebiT, axali depozitebis
Seqmnis (anu fulis gamravlebis) unari gaaCnia.
fulis multiplikatori aris am gamravlebis
koeficienti.
sem-Si
fulis
multiplikatori
gamoiTvleba M2-is an M3-is sarezervo fulTan
SefardebiT. arsebobs misi gamoTvlis sxva gzebic.
(ix. sarezervo fuli; rezervebi; savaldebulo
rezervebi)
103
Sinameurneoba
(Household)
erT saerTo sacxovrebel farTobze da erTi
saojaxo
biujetiT
mcxovreb
adamianTa
erToblioba.
SeRavaTiani periodi
(Grace period)
kreditis
dabrunebis
periodi,
ganmavlobaSi mxolod saprocento
gadaxda xdeba.
Crdilovani ekonomika
(Black, grey, underground,
shadow economy)
faruli ekonomikuri garigebebis erToblioba,
romlis arsebobis safuZveli _ gadasaxadebisagan
Tavis aridebis an aralegaluri qmedebis damalvis
survilia.
centraluri banki
(Central bank)
qveynis mTavari banki, romelic moqmedebs rogorc
mTavrobisa da sxva bankebis banki da pasuxismgebelia qveyanaSi fuladi politikis ganxorcielebaze.
saqarTveloSi _ saqarTvelos erovnuli
banki (seb).
wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi
aqtivebi _
waa
(Net domestic assets - NDA)
rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito
dawesebulebis
adgilobrivi
sakuTrebisa
da
ekonomikis
adgilobrivi
subieqtebis
mimarT
moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis sxvaobisa. semSi, rogorc wesi saubaria saqarTvelos erovnuli
bankis waa-ze (ix. aqtivebi,
wminda ucxouri
aqtivebi)
wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wua
(Net foreign assets - NFA)
rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito
dawesebulebis ucxoeTSi mdebare sakuTrebisa da
sazRvargareT
ganlagebuli
ekonomikuri
subieqtebis
mimarT
moTxovnebis
da
valdebulebebis sxvaobisa.
jinis koeficienti
(Gini coefficient)
ix. lorencis mrudi.
hiperinflacia
(Hyperinflation)
Zalian maRali inflacia. xSirad ganisazrvreba
rogorc inflacia romlis Tviuri done, drois
xangrZlivi monakveTis (eqvsi Tve da meti)
ganmavlobaSi, 50 procents aRemateba.
104
romlis
ganakveTis
abreviaturebi
agsf
agraruli ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso banki
gaero
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia
vssk
vaWrobis saerTaSoriso standartuli klasifikacia
dsT
damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba
dRg
damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi
epkc
ekonomikuri politikisa da kvlevis centri
ergb
evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki
Tbsb
Tbilisis bankTaSorisi savaluto birJa
kvt•sT
kilovatsaaTi (mgvt•sT – megavatsaaTi, gvt•sT – gigavatsaaTi)
mep
mTliani erovnuli produqti
mSp
mTliani Sida produqti
mfi
mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi
sgsuf
saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondi
sd
saxelmwifo sagadasaxado departamenti
seb
saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
sem
seTf
iaponiis sazRvargareTTan ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis fondi
sv
saxazino valdebuleba (Tamasuqi)
ssd
statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
ssi
saxelmwifo sagadasaxado inspeqcia
sssf
saqarTvelos socialuri sainvesticio fondi
ssf
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi
sf
sarezervo fuli
sfi
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi
sqms
saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro
Sso
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia
waa
wmp
wminda materialuri produqti
wsr
wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi
wua
wminda ucxouri aqtivebi
ha
heqtari
ACDI
soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis
organizacia
ESAF
struqturul gardaqmnaTa gafarToebuli dafinansebis meqanizmi
GATT
generaluri SeTanxmeba vaWrobasa da tarifebze
IFAD
soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso fondi
105
abreviaturebi
ISIC
saerTaSoriso standartuli dargobrivi klasifikacia
OECD
ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizacia
OPEC
navTobis eqsportiori qveynebis organizacia
SAC
msofli bankis struqturul gardaqmnaTa krediti
TRACECA
satransporto koridori evropa-kavkasia-azia
UNOMIG
gaeros damkvirvebelTa misia saqarTveloSi
USAID
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento
WTO
msoflio savaWro organizacia
106
statistikuri danarTi
cxrili A2.1: sagadamxdelo balansi 1998
cxrili A3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 1998
cxrili A3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi, 1998
cxrili A4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi
cxrili A4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi
cxrili A4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva
cxrili A4.4.1: 7-dRiani sakredito auqcionebis Sedegebi
cxrili A4.5: laris (GEL) nominaluri da realuri gacvliTi kursebi
cxrili A4.6: erovnuli saqalaqo samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi
cxrili A6.1: importi saqarTveloSi, 1996-1998
cxrili A6.2: eqsporti saqarTvelodan, 1996-1998
cxrili A7.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT,
cxrili A7.2: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT
cxrili A7.3: pirveli 40 fuladi auqcionis Sedegebi (1996-1998)
cxrili A7.4: produqcia calkeuli saxeobebis mixedviT
cxrili A7.5: eleqtroenergiis miwodeba
cxrili A8.1a: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. IV kv.
cxrili A8.1b: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. IV kv.
cxrili A8.2a: Sinameurneobebis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis TviT-Sefaseba
cxrili A8.2b: Sinameurneobebis rogorc momxmareblebis qceva
cxrili A8.2c: Sinameurneobebis mier SedarebiT msxvili SenaZenis (xarjebis) gaketebis
cxrili A8.2d: xangrZlivi moxmarebis sagnebis saSualo asaki
cxrili A8.3: saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondis mier
pensiebis da saojaxo daxmarebebis gadaxda
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTuleb
mimarTulebebi
ebi – 1999, #2
107
cxrili A 3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi, 1998
(aTasi lari)
administracia
62822
Tavdacva
56476
kanoniereba da wesrigi
65027
ganaTleba
30414
jandacva
27288
socuzrunvelyofa
83060
sabinao da komunaluri momsaxureba
kultura sporti da religia
saTbob-energetikuli kompleqsi
soflis meurneoba, ,etyeveoba,meTevzeoba nadiroba
mSenebloba da samTo mompovebeli mrewveloba
transporti da komunikaciebi
sxva ekonomikuri aqtuvobebi
7323
33007
3218
22721
2003
14425
12114
sxva xarjebi
206006
sul Centraluri biujetis xarjebi
625907
specialuri saxelmwifo fondebi
191225
socuzrunvelyofis fondi
142905
dasaqmebis fondi
sagzao fondi
3216
45104
sul saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi
817133
sul saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi
608758
grantebi
deficiti
67548
-140826
deficitis dafinanseba
140826
adgilobrivi wyarioebidan
110912
ucxouri wyaroebidan
29914
cxrili A 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 1998
(aTaasi lari)
sul Semosavlebi da grantebi
676306
sul Semosavlebi
608758
sagadasaxado Semosavlebi
330980
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi
39189
mogebis gadasaxadi
20433
damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi
184983
adgilobriv produqciaze
104875
Semotanil saqonelze
80108
sabaJo gadasaxadi
58135
aqcizi
28240
adgilobriv produqciaze
3334
Semotanil saqonelze
24906
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi
70618
erovnuli bankis mogeba
38887
kapitaluri Semosavlebi
47031
specialuri saxelmwifo fondebi
160129
socuzrunvelyofis fondi
117051
dasaqmebis fondi
3217
sagzao fondi
39861
grantebi
67548
cxrili A2.1: sagadamxdelo balansi 1998
(aTasi aSS dolari)
1998
I kv.
II kv.
III kv.
IV kv.
mimdinare angariSis balansi
-547380
-130705
-125460
-145099
-146115
saqoneli
-863945
-211594
-210397
-235445
-206510
krediti
debeti
299748
62504
86946
77156
73143
-1163693
-274098
-297343
-312601
-279652
-19811
arafaqtoruli momsaxureba
-35036
-8271
2471
-9425
krediti
238088
57178
64619
61109
55238
debeti
-273124
-65348
-62148
-70534
-75094
faqtoruli momsaxureba
140820
35219
33769
37334
34498
krediti
193256
53100
45100
49000
45156
52436
-17881
-11331
-12566
-10658
debeti
mimdinare transfertebi
210781
53940
48697
62437
45708
krediti
220061
56500
50857
64837
47868
-9280
-2560
-2160
-2400
-2160
394079
59462
98446
97957
138251
kapitalis angariSi
-6051
-1690
-1350
-1788
-1223
finansuri angariSi
400130
61116
99796
99745
139474
pirdapiri investiciebi
265332
19147
97831
44973
103381
-317
-106
-106
-106
0
121614
8702
10088
68992
33831
debeti
kapitalis da finansuri angariSi
portfilios investiciebi
sxva investiciebi
sarezervo aqtivebi
wminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebi
13502
33373
-8018
-14114
2262
153300
71279
27015
47142
7864
cxrili A4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi
(aTasi lari)
1998
ucxouri valuta
ssf-is
resursebis gamoyeneba
sxva wminda ucxouri aqtivebi (1 )
wminda aqtivebi erovnul valutaSi
wminda moTxovnebi mTavrobisadmi
wminda moTxovnebi bankebisadmi
sxva wminda moTxovnebi
sarezervo fuli
1999
ian
Teb
mar
apr
mai
ivn
ivl
agv
seq
oqt
noe
dek
ian
Teb
mar
-126 008
-139 651
-150 269
-152 008
-164 947
-177 341
-210 076
-203 496
-266 556
-300 443
-349 414
-332 739
-384 345
-427 709
-416 685
212 340
198 455
187 118
186 850
174 284
160 456
129 462
184 870
139 475
127 205
108 267
213 197
242 765
255 498
219 264
-338 432
-338 191
-337 576
-339 047
-339 420
-337 982
-339 723
-388 551
-406 218
-427 835
-457 868
-546 335
-627 509
-683 470
-636 401
84
84
189
189
189
185
185
185
187
187
187
399
399
263
452
385 902
394 458
410 059
422 977
431 570
449 370
488 191
485 307
512 257
533 315
557 385
592 458
657 682
694 991
679 390
408 765
418 902
429 045
443 011
452 966
478 258
522 140
521 004
537 565
539 802
543 273
507 884
524 200
529 231
621 724
2 515
2 472
2 397
2 745
2 713
2 154
1 062
1 722
-1 024
3 576
1 793
6 556
6 093
4 072
3 602
-25 379
-26 916
-21 383
-22 779
-24 108
-31 041
-35 012
-37 418
-24 284
-10 063
12 320
78 018
127 389
161 688
54 064
259 894
254 807
259 791
270 969
266 623
272 030
278 115
281 812
245 701
232 872
207 971
259 719
273 338
267 282
262 705
banknotebi da monetebi mimoqcevaSi
231 311
227 331
228 985
237 560
238 970
236 768
246 912
250 236
211 840
195 465
179 577
221 975
238 385
231 128
221 717
bankebis depozitebi
28 584
27 476
30 805
33 409
27 653
35 261
31 203
31 576
33 861
37 407
28 394
37 744
34 954
36 154
14 946
13 638
16 985
10 491
17 436
13 369
17 093
16 316
16 846
10 807
17 873
17 389
18 343
12 860
18 309
13 267
24 287
9 574
22 617
14 790
22 021
6 373
18 050
19 694
22 860
12 094
27 517
8 636
40 988
28 769
12 219
savaldebulo rezervebi
naSTi sakorespondento angariSebze
SeniSvna: (1) cxrilebSi A 4.1- A 4.3 1999 wlis ianvridan: 1aSS dolari = 2 lari
(2) moicavs oqros da wua-s rusul rublebSi
cxrili A4.2:
4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi
(aTasi lari)
1998
ian
Teb
mar
apr
mai
ivn
1999
ivl
agv
seq
oqt
noe
dek
ian
Teb
mar
26 573
16 680
23 226
13 545
22 078
24 626
21 392
19 406
11 431
15 935
12 245
13 748
8 514
8 494
1 257
48 265
41 139
46 434
43 147
54 130
57 952
56 125
54 296
49 025
53 997
63 294
82 799
91 120
93 723
87 449
valdebulebebi ucxour valutaSi
-23 020
-25 758
-24 562
-31 301
-33 745
-35 374
-36 544
-36 572
-39 281
-39 260
-52 082
-69 669
-83 370
-85 544
-86 502
1 329
1 299
1 354
1 699
1 693
2 048
1 811
1 681
1 687
1 198
1 033
618
764
315
311
ucxouri valuta
adgilobrivi krediti
moTxovnebi centraluri da adgilobrivi mTavrobisadmi
118 897
133 162
124 971
140 072
138 589
141 757
139 847
150 362
140 176
125 990
120 917
142 601
172 294
195 824
195 338
183 732
192 502
188 945
189 676
192 534
199 470
202 192
218 794
215 849
205 283
215 653
224 209
262 820
289 960
278 332
-5 750
-8 055
-7 191
-5 552
-7 295
-2 087
-3 701
5 116
-595
-8 686
-9 802
-13 950
-10 416
-10 625
-13 563
189 481
200 557
196 135
195 228
199 829
201 557
205 893
213 677
216 443
213 968
225 455
238 159
273 236
300 585
291 894
moTxovnebi sawarmoebisadmi (erovnul valutaSi)
71 907
73 619
67 457
66 581
65 354
64 641
64 764
73 645
68 817
66 641
55 379
57 652
60 038
60 068
59 520
moTxovnebi fizikuri pirebisadmi (erovnul valutaSi)
24 709
24 715
25 051
24 482
25 385
27 719
27 241
26 793
27 214
31 059
29 002
26 066
23 584
25 232
28 196
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0
0
0
0
92 861
102 219
103 624
104 161
109 086
109 194
113 885
113 236
120 408
116 264
141 070
154 441
189 613
215 284
204 178
-64 834
-59 340
-63 973
-49 604
-53 945
-57 713
-62 346
-68 431
-75 673
-79 292
-94 736
-81 608
-90 526
-94 136
-82 994
196 595
moTxovnebi ekonomikis danarCeni seqtorebisadmi
sxva moTxovnebi
sesxebi ucxour valutaSi
sxva wminda aqtivebi
sadepozito valdebulebebi
145 471
149 842
148 197
153 616
160 667
166 382
161 238
169 768
151 607
141 925
133 162
156 350
180 808
204 319
depozitebi erovnul valutaSi
59 609
61 219
57 798
58 513
58 539
60 762
57 342
63 756
53 261
45 113
41 500
48 943
48 444
47 534
47 184
maT Soris: sawarmoebis mimdinare angariSebi
depozitebi ucxour valutaSi
41 511
85 861
43 875
88 623
40 903
90 399
41 599
95 104
42 262
102 128
44 000
105 621
41 058
103 896
48 304
106 012
38 817
98 346
31 940
96 813
27 100
91 662
36 517
107 407
36 342
132 364
34 164
156 785
34 296
149 411
SeniSvna:
(1) moicavs oqros da wua-s rusul rublebSi
cxrili A4.3:
4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva
(aTasi lari)
1998
ian
-99 434
1999
Teb
mar
apr
mai
ivn
ivl
agv
seq
oqt
noe
dek
ian
Teb
mar
-122 972
-127 043
-138 463
-142 869
-152 715
-188 684
-184 090
-255 125
-284 508
-337 169
-318 991
-375 830
-419 215
-415 428
ucxouri valuta
260 606
239 594
233 552
229 997
228 415
218 408
185 587
239 166
188 500
181 202
171 561
295 995
333 886
349 221
306 712
valdebulebebi ucxour valutaSi
-361 453
-363 949
-362 138
-370 348
-373 165
-373 356
-376 267
-425 123
-445 499
-467 095
-509 950
-616 004
-711 436
-769 708
-723 596
1 413
1 383
1 543
1 888
1 881
2 233
1 996
1 867
1 874
1 384
1 220
1 017
1 721
1 272
1 456
459 603
483 702
487 143
512 014
525 169
540 046
583 705
584 340
605 641
610 105
639 166
687 534
783 521
844 187
818 927
592 497
611 404
617 990
632 687
645 499
677 728
724 332
739 797
753 414
745 085
758 925
732 093
787 019
819 190
900 055
wminda Sida aqtivebi
Sida krediti
wminda moTxovnebi saxelmwifo seqtorisadmi
wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi
wminda moTxovnebi adgilobrivi mTavrobisadmi
403 016
410 847
421 855
437 459
445 671
476 170
518 439
526 120
536 971
531 117
533 470
493 934
513 784
518 605
608 161
410 660
420 948
431 571
445 550
455 993
484 100
526 852
535 024
545 256
539 835
542 804
518 122
523 028
527 427
615 824
-5 374
-4 788
-2 847
-2 544
-3 768
-3 166
-5 145
-4 466
-2 779
-1 739
wminda moTxovnebi sapensio fondisadmi
-1 294
-865
-946
-1 108
-748
-983
-1 567
-956
-891
-1 006
-1 840
-5 154
-863
-1 098
-743
wminda moTxovnebi sxva arasabiujeto fondebisadmi
-2 340
-3 862
-3 982
-4 136
-4 963
-3 800
-4 302
-4 181
-4 228
-4 933
-5 755
-15 466
-3 062
-2 578
-2 462
wminda moTxovnebi ekonomikis danarCeni seqtorebisadmi
sxva wminda aqtivebi
farTo fuli ( M3)
farTo fuli ucx. valutaSi depozitebis gamoklebiT (M2)
banknotebi da monetebi mimoqcevaSi
banknotebi da monetebi bankebis gareT ( M0 )
-4 010
-4 612
-3 147
-3 569
-5 320
189 481
200 557
196 135
195 228
199 829
201 557
205 893
213 677
216 443
213 968
225 455
238 159
273 236
300 585
291 894
-132 894
-127 702
-130 847
-120 673
-120 330
-137 682
-140 627
-155 458
-147 773
-134 980
-119 759
-44 558
-3 498
24 997
-81 128
360 168
360 730
360 100
373 550
382 300
387 331
395 021
400 250
350 516
325 596
301 997
368 544
407 691
424 972
403 500
274 307
272 108
269 700
278 447
280 172
281 710
291 125
294 238
252 170
228 784
210 335
261 137
275 327
268 188
254 089
231 311
227 331
228 985
237 560
238 970
236 768
246 912
250 236
211 840
195 465
179 577
221 975
238 385
231 128
221 717
214 698
210 889
211 903
219 934
221 633
220 948
233 783
230 482
198 909
183 671
168 835
212 194
226 883
220 654
206 905
14 813
komerciul bankebSi arsebuli naRdi fuli
16 613
16 442
17 082
17 626
17 337
15 820
13 129
19 754
12 931
11 794
10 742
9 781
11 501
10 474
sadepozito valdebulebebi (erovnul valutaSi)
59 609
61 219
57 798
58 513
58 539
60 762
57 342
63 756
53 261
45 113
41 500
48 943
48 444
47 534
47 184
depozitebi ucxour valutaSi
85 861
88 623
90 399
95 104
102 128
105 621
103 896
106 012
98 346
96 813
91 662
107 407
132 364
156 785
149 411
SeniSvna: (1) moicavs oqros da wua-s rusul rublebSi
cxrili A4.4.3:60-dRiani sakredito auqcionebis Sedegebi
(lari)
cxrili A4.4.1:
4.4.1: 7-dRiani sakredito auqcionebis Sedegebi
(lari)
auqcionis
nomeri
Catarebis
TariRi
auqcionis
moculoba
wliuri
saprocento
ganakveTi
seb-is monawileoba
gacemuli
sesxebi
bankTaSorisi
vaWroba
auqcionis
nomeri
Catarebis
TariRi
auqcionis
moculoba
seb-is monawileoba
wliuri
saprocento
ganakveTi
aRebuli
sesxebi
gacemuli
sesxebi
bankTaSorisi
vaWroba
aRebuli
sesxebi
147
1-09-98
620 000
22
0
0
620 000
6
16-04-98
800 000
31
0
0
800 000
148
8-09-98
150 000
38
0
150 000
0
7
23-04-98
200 000
31
0
0
200 000
149
22-09-98
300 000
48
0
300 000
0
8
30-04-98
170 000
29
0
0
170 000
150
29-09-98
320 000
48
0
320 000
0
9
18-06-98
900 000
33
0
0
900 000
151
6-10-98
100 000
36
0
100 000
0
10
25-06-98
800 000
23
0
0
800 000
152
20-10-98
350 000
60
0
350 000
0
11
02-07-98
190 000
26
0
0
190 000
153
27-10-98
50 000
28
0
50 000
0
12
09-07-98
185 000
25
0
0
185 000
154
3-11-98
300 000
67
0
0
300 000
13
13-08-98
10 000
34
0
0
10 000
155
10-11-98
2 550 000
72
0
2 550 000
0
14
27-08-98
900 000
37
0
900 000
0
156
17-11-98
150 000
86
0
150 000
0
15
3-09-98
295 000
31
0
0
295 000
157
24-11-98
110 000
67
0
110 000
0
158
12-01-99
400 000
40
0
400 000
0
159
26-01-99
560 000
40
0
560 000
0
(lari)
auqcionis
nomeri
160
2-02-99
50 000
37
0
0
50 000
161
09-02-99
540 000
34
0
490 000
50 000
Catarebis
TariRi
auqcionis
moculoba
wliuri
saprocento
ganakveTi
seb-is monawileoba
gacemuli
sesxebi
bankTaSorisi
vaWroba
aRebuli
sesxebi
162
16-02-99
520 000
32
0
516 000
4 000
53
22-01-98
45 400
44
0
0
45 400
163
23-02-99
1 360 000
32
0
1 360 000
0
54
29-01-98
634 000
34
0
0
634 000
164
2-03-99
60 000
32
0
60 000
0
55
05-02-98
100 000
45
0
0
100 000
165
9-03-99
150 000
34
0
0
150 000
56
12-02-98
302 000
48
0
0
302 000
166
16-03-99
300 000
32
0
300 000
0
57
26-02-98
60 500
44
0
0
60 500
167
23-03-99
300 000
32
0
300 000
0
58
05-03-98
70 000
48
0
0
70 000
168
06-04-99
300 000
32
0
300 000
0
59
23-04-98
9 500
35
0
0
9 500
60
30-04-98
456 350
29
0
0
456 350
cxrili A4.4.2:
4.4.2: 30-dRiani sakredito auqcionebis Sedegebi
(lari)
auqcionis
nomeri
Catarebis
TariRi
auqcionis
moculoba
wliuri
saprocento
ganakveTi
seb-is monawileoba
gacemuli
sesxebi
61
21-05-98
55 000
28
0
0
55 000
62
28-05-98
337 000
24
0
0
337 000
63
04-06-98
19 800
30
0
0
19 800
120 000
38
0
0
64
18-06-98
35 000
26
0
0
bankTaSorisi
vaWroba
aRebuli
sesxebi
120 000
65
09-07-98
106
3-09-98
560 000
28
0
0
560 000
66
16-07-98
9 500
32
0
0
9 500
107
10-09-98
2 000 000
36
0
2 000 000
0
67
30-07-98
66 000
31
0
0
66 000
108
17-09-98
1 000 000
55
0
1 000 000
0
68
13-08-98
63 000
39
0
0
63 000
109
24-09-98
250 000
64
0
250 000
0
69
27-08-98
122 000
40
0
0
122 000
110
1-10-98
350 000
61
0
350 000
0
111
8-10-98
25 000
46
0
25 000
0
0
112
15-10-98
50 000
43
0
50 000
113
22-10-98
50 000
56
0
50 000
114
29-10-98
97 000
72
0
115
5-11-98
3 000 000
85
0
3 000 000
116
4-02-99
300 000
40
0
300 000
0
117
08-04-99
300 000
40
0
300 000
300 000
0
0
97 000
0
35 000
cxrili A4.5: laris ( GEL) nominaluri da realuri gacvliTi kursebi
nominaluri gacvliTi kursi ( 1 )
1997
1998
1999
ian
Teb
mar
apr
mai
ivn
ivl
agv
seq
oqt
nov
dek
ian
Teb
mar
apr
mai
ivn
ivl
agv
seq
oqt
nov
dek
ian
Teb
mar
lari/aSS dol.
sabazro
Tbsb
1,2870
1,2920
1,2900
1,2930
1,2940
1,2915
1,2980
1,2980
1,3000
1,3015
1,3000
1,2875
1,2900
1,2845
1,2920
1,2850
1,2980
1,2985
1,3040
1,3010
1,3120
1,3140
1,3000
1,3120
1,3150
1,3265
1,3325
1,3330
1,3350
1,3355
1,3350
1,3350
1,3470
1,3515
1,3478
1,3465
1,3485
1,3445
1,3510
1,3555
1,3670
1,3645
1,4080
1,4230
1,5350
1,5900
1,6000
1,7450
2,1200
2,1400
2,3500
2,3900
2,2150
2,2250
rubli/lari
sabazro
Tbsb
4 545
4 450
4 651
4 430
4 651
4 545
4 651
4 475
4 651
4 475
4 435
4 475
4 511
4 590
4 511
4 675
4 519
4 635
4 531
4 675
4 515
4 625
4 562
4 925
4 568
4 775
4 539
4 655
4 564
4 625
4 593
4 615
4 585
4 613
4 621
4 715
4 655
4 745
6 293
6 557
11 765
11 111
11 737
12 270
11 507
12 739
11 614
13 387
10 764
10 989
9 747
8 000
11 161
10 929
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi
saqarTvelo
aSS
ruseTi
180,55
184,28
185,57
186,14
188,06
184,47
182,79
182,95
184,98
186,47
190,77
192,19
195,19
196,23
196,27
197,17
195,47
193,57
191,17
191,47
191,57
192,57
193,67
205,77
208,37
213,37
215,27
106,28
106,61
106,88
107,01
106,95
107,08
107,21
107,41
107,68
107,95
107,88
107,95
107,88
108,15
108,35
108,51
108,66
108,82
108,98
109,13
109,29
109,55
109,55
109,49
109,62
109,89
110,22
288,34
292,50
296,60
299,91
302,69
306,16
307,06
306,96
306,66
308,66
314,66
323,66
325,16
334,09
322,59
322,99
323,49
323,59
323,79
327,49
365,89
370,39
381,99
390,49
398,99
403,09
405,89
wyaroebi :
nominaluri kursebi: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi: saqarTvelo - statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti;
aSS - aSS-s mTavroba, Sromis departamenti, Sromis statistikis biuro
ruseTi - "ruseTis ekonomikis mimarTulebebi"
SeniSvnebi:
(1 ) yoveli Tvis bolo ricxvSi moqmedi kursi
gacvliTi kursis indeqsebi
lari/aSS dolari
lari/rubli
nominaluri realuri nominaluri realuri
82,73
48,70
48,34
77,19
82,80
47,90
48,56
77,07
82,70
47,63
47,33
75,64
83,12
47,79
48,07
77,45
83,34
47,40
48,07
77,36
82,45
47,86
48,07
79,77
82,25
48,25
46,86
78,72
82,29
48,31
46,01
77,20
83,15
48,41
46,41
76,94
83,31
48,23
46,01
76,16
84,14
47,58
46,51
76,71
84,02
47,19
43,68
73,55
84,94
46,95
45,05
75,04
85,36
47,04
46,21
78,67
85,52
47,21
46,51
76,44
85,49
47,05
46,61
76,35
86,54
48,11
46,63
77,17
86,22
48,47
45,62
76,26
86,10
49,08
45,33
76,78
86,80
49,47
32,80
56,11
87,38
49,85
32,80
62,65
91,12
51,84
17,53
33,72
101,82
57,59
16,89
33,30
111,74
59,46
16,07
30,49
137,04
72,09
19,57
37,48
153,05
78,82
26,89
50,79
142,48
72,95
19,68
37,11
cxrili A4.6: erovnuli saqalaqo samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi
(1997 w. dekemberi = 100)
periodi
fasebis
indeqsi
inflaciis done (%)
( I )
wina
periodTan
SedarebiT
( II )
wina wlis
Sesabamis
periodTan
SedarebiT
wliuri
1997
7,3
1998
10,7
Tviuri
1997 dek
100,00
1998 ian
100,30
0,30
Teb
101,40
1,10
5,50
mar
101,44
0,04
5,24
6,50
apr
102,34
0,90
5,14
mai
100,64
-1,70
5,34
ivn
98,74
-1,90
4,34
ivl
96,34
-2,40
1,84
agv
96,64
0,30
1,04
seq
96,74
0,10
0,34
oqt
97,74
1,00
-0,96
-0,56
noe
98,84
1,10
dek
110,94
12,10
10,9
ian
113,54
2,6
13,24
Teb
mar
118,54
5,0
17,14
120,44
1,9
19,00
cxrili A6.1: importi saqarTveloSi, 1996-1998
(aTasi aSS dolari)
somxeTi
azerbaijani
ruseTi
TurqeTi
d.Savi zRva
ev.gaerT. 15
danarC. evr.
Sua azia
CaTvz
sxv.
sul
I n.1996
13,543
46,711
85,336
35,518
56,043
96,417
13,432
31,838
28,832
18,712
426,382
II n.1996
2,177
24,470
29,007
36,984
54,056
59,526
10,342
35,245
14,720
11,756
278,283
I n.1997
8,239
42,253
68,041
41,756
41,780
89,907
12,035
6,008
44,938
50,803
405,760
II n.1997
13,146
69,443
54,276
68,153
70,755
116,251
16,452
15,026
41,218
46,217
510,938
I n.1998
3,317
44,148
61,233
63,201
55,245
142,880
32,708
13,573
35,226
30,384
481,915
II n.1998
3,322
46,569
149,953
53,258
33,454
153,570
37,803
15,081
39,800
30,737
563,546
cxrili A6.2:
eqsporti saqarTvelodan, 1996-1998
(aTas aSS dolarebSi)
somxeTi
azerbaijani
ruseTi
TurqeTi
Savi zRv. das.
evr.gaerT. 15
danarC. Evropa
Sua azia
CaTvz
sxv.
sul
I nax.1996
1,695
16,708
27,789
18,082
10,204
8,728
6,390
10,552
552
477
101,177
wyaro: statistikis departamenti
II nax.1996
18,823
8,100
28,997
7,804
9,483
8,151
4,008
11,166
795
435
97,762
I nax.1997
II nax.1997
7,993
10,949
12,590
12,494
27,030
41,558
18,735
17,042
6,450
10,790
11,761
6,874
9,761
6,657
7,352
11,272
1,794
2,434
1,819
6,967
105,285
127,037
I nax.1998
7,928
10,150
28,026
10,475
5,038
13,217
6,516
4,657
6,344
1,694
94,045
II nax.1998
10,280
8,181
26,217
13,672
4,622
22,693
1,912
3,731
4,641
,915
96,863
cxrili A7.1
7.1:
7.1 : saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT,
1999 w. 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT
(sawarmoTa ricxvi)
raioni (qalaqi)
damtkicebulia s/s
gardasaqmnel
obieqtTa nusxaSi
afxazeTi
aWara
Tbilisi
guria
lanCxuTi
ozurgeTi
Coxatauri
raWa-leCxumi da
qvemo svaneTi
ambrolauri
lentexi
oni
cageri
samegrelo da
zemo svaneTi
abaSa
zugdidi
martvili
mestia
senaki
Cxorowyu
walenjixa
xobi
foTi
imereTi
quTaisi
tyibuli
wyaltubo
WiaTura
baRdaTi
vani
zestafoni
Terjola
samtredia
saCxere
xaragauli
xoni
kaxeTi
axmeta
gurjaani
dedofliswyaro
Telavi
lagodexi
sagarejo
siRnaRi
yvareli
mcxeTa-TianeTi
axalgori
duSeTi
TianeTi
mcxeTa
yazbegi
samcxe-javaxeTi
adigeni
aspinZa
axalqalaqi
axalcixe
borjomi
ninowminda
qvemo qarTli
rusTavi
bolnisi
gardabani
dmanisi
TeTriwyaro
marneuli
walka
Sida qarTli
cxinvali
gori
kaspi
qareli
xaSuri
java
sul
dafuZnebulia da
registrirebulia s/s
sul
34
86
392
55
12
34
9
0
33
358
52
11
33
8
11
6
1
1
3
8
3
2
1
2
155
9
44
12
1
21
14
18
11
25
212
75
12
18
15
10
9
23
14
17
4
7
8
111
10
22
8
26
10
13
13
9
39
1
12
2
23
1
47
2
3
8
13
20
1
95
32
9
18
6
11
17
2
63
0
30
14
7
12
0
1 300
153
8
44
12
0
21
14
19
11
24
209
71
15
13
14
8
11
24
16
16
4
6
11
100
10
20
7
23
10
13
10
7
41
1
12
2
23
3
38
2
1
7
13
14
1
88
33
7
17
2
10
17
2
64
0
30
14
9
11
0
1 144
SeniSvna: am cxrilis pirvel svetSi mocemulia saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli
sawarmoebi, xolo meoreSi - is sawarmoebi, romlebic faqtiurad iqnen Sefasebuli
da Camoyalibebuli rogorc saaqcio sazogadoebebi. cxrili ar moicavs
faqtiurad privatizebul sawarmoebs. meore svetSi mocemuli cifrebi SesaZloa
aRemetebodes pirvel svetSi mocemul cifrebs, radganac zogierTi sawarmo
korporatizaciis Sedegad gaiyo.
cxrili A7.2:
7. 2: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT
1999 w. 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT
(sawarmoTa ricxvi)
raioni (qalaqi)
afxazeTi
aWara
Tbilisi
guria
lanCxuTi
ozurgeTi
Coxatauri
raWa-leCxumi da
qvemo svaneTi
ambrolauri
lentexi
oni
cageri
samegrelo da
zemo svaneTi
abaSa
zugdidi
martvili
mestia
senaki
Cxorowyu
walenjixa
xobi
foTi
imereTi
quTaisi
tyibuli
wyaltubo
WiaTura
baRdaTi
vani
zestafoni
Terjola
samtredia
saCxere
xaragauli
xoni
kaxeTi
axmeta
gurjaani
dedofliswyaro
Telavi
lagodexi
sagarejo
siRnaRi
yvareli
mcxeTa-TianeTi
axalgori
duSeTi
TianeTi
mcxeTa
yazbegi
samcxe-javaxeTi
adigeni
aspinZa
axalqalaqi
axalcixe
borjomi
ninowminda
qvemo qarTli
rusTavi
bolnisi
gardabani
dmanisi
TeTriwyaro
marneuli
walka
Sida qarTli
cxinvali
gori
kaspi
qareli
xaSuri
java
sqms
sul
damtkicebuli
saprivatizaciod
privatizebulia
sul
2
s/s
sawesdebo
kapitalSi
Semavali
obiqtebi
privatizebulia
1998w.
-
-
likvidirebuli
sul
-
-
290
149
41
21
-
4 350
3 988
727
412
-
302
371
52
58
78
10
190
212
13
54
81
29
153
218
3
3
40
-
14
8
2
56
71
29
38
-
41
52
-
27
57
-
1 044
1 364
66
158
84
85
3
3
206
257
10
7
50
8
51
71
17
50
1
18
-
23
1
-
6
9
275
13
-
2
19
12
18
3
1
5
238
416
7
133
98
34
45
3
-
23
39
40
1
-
15
129
122
3
-
60
252
330
30
12
42
2 228
2 578
165
183
561
588
717
37
71
211
28
134
155
14
1
249
261
39
7
28
181
238
7
68
44
61
98
3
65
84
10
1
17
320
333
10
12
50
129
137
8
330
369
17
72
55
6
47
53
1
-
36
-
20
19
59
3
14
-
19
52
78
13
1
35
1 017
1 101
140
71
181
172
148
17
18
28
129
131
18
13
71
95
2
34
2
206
225
14
3
36
3
10
65
66
3
126
129
20
129
196
53
-
119
111
13
-
270
296
15
13
-
77
90
33
-
19
15
34
37
21
71
1
12
10
5
50
54
3
8
12
112
129
15
12
42
8
104
1
10
16
10
5
518
644
101
48
-
56
17
-
29
34
6
-
50
46
1
235
307
49
139
189
26
-
17
12
2
972
1 104
190
347
386
6
8
7
16
4
4
58
67
11
212
78
-
16
61
22
-
90
110
11
278
240
30
28
687
792
56
20
20
153
6
154
60
36
7
4
52
-
-
17
6
-
10
24
56
47
287
322
25
19
98
95
7
-
21
131
152
21
-
64
171
218
-
-
-
5
-
5
3
-
255
255
66
12 088
12 860
1 645
169
52
23
946
SeniSvna: imis gamo rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo,
gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aRematebodes gasayidaT damtkicebulTa ricxvs.
32
1 636
cxrili A7.3: pirveli 40 fuladi auqcionis Sedegebi (1996-1998)
fuladi auqcionis
nomeri
1
gasayidi aqciebis
raodenoba
gayiduli aqciebis
raodenoba
%
253 704
169 984
67,0
2
1 514 338
229 682
15,2
3
1 799 276
79 696
4,4
4
4 648 050
63 814
1,4
5
3 922 480
28 758
0,7
6
2 702 161
1 902
0,1
7
1 854 841
34
0,002
0,01
8
6 300 775
518
9
19 096 540
62 512
0,3
10
10 833 034
33 038
0,3
37 114
11
26 811 058
12
6 241 759
0,1
0
0,0
0,01
13
18 320 003
2 480
14
6 031 247
37 694
0,6
15
12 899 441
4
0,00003
16
15 747 240
115 514
0,7
17
4 429 787
0
0,0
18
10 053 901
6 007
0,06
19
21 522 431
35 632
0,166
20
74 708 476
39 488
0,053
21
9 448 624
606
0,006
22
22 069 462
1
0,000005
23
157 068 194
15 760
0,01
24
16 849 596
44 056
0,26
0,005
25
22 397 059
1 116
26
163 973 012
586 525
0,358
27
18 492 776
87 501
0,473
252 971
28
45 977 461
29
12 900 761
86 362
30
15 204 846
42 702
0,281
31
18 608 737
32 074
0,172
32
16 048 090
200
0,001
33
16 286 311
539 522
3,313
34
14 856 220
190 067
1,279
35
17 263 685
308 120
1,785
36
5 001 162
0
0,000
37
18 670 793
1 513 570
8,107
38
15 192 343
35 091
0,231
39
4 369 794
6 384
0,146
40
3 209 465
1 646
0,051
sul
863 578 933
4 688 145
0,550
0,669
0,5
cxrili A7.4
7.4:
7.4 : produqcia calkeuli saxeobebis mixedviT
Ikv.1996
benzini, aTasi tona
qvanaxSiri, aTasi tona
xis masala, kuburi metri
cementi, aTasi tona
aguri, aTasi pirob. Aguri
bambis nawarmi, aTasi kv. m.
abreSumi, aTasi kv. M.
trikotaJi, aTasi cali
fexsacmeli, aTasi wyvili
rZis nawarmi, tona
mineral.wylebi, mil.litri
dakons.xili,bostn.aTas.qila
arayi, liqiori. aTasi lit.
Rvino, aTasi litri
brendi (koniaki), aTasi l.
Sampaniuri, aTasi litri
ludi, aTasi litri
SefuTuli Cai, tona
14
10
0
3
n.a.
82
3
6
9
921
0
434
195
2,817
87
880
289
n.a.
IIkv.1996
17
4
2
22
n.a.
182
300
1
5
1,169
6
264
225
5,602
160
-726
1,255
n.a.
IIIkv.1996 IVkv.1996 Ikv.1997
IIkv.1997
IIIkv.1997 IVkv.1997 Ikv.1998 IIkv.1998 IIIkv.1998 IVkv.1998
44
52
40
32
30
32
31
32
29
27
0
8
0
1
0
3
3
4
5
3
2
2
0
3
5
6
1
2
9
19
34
25
8
32
26
25
9
57
53
80
n.a.
n.a.
823
2,377
4,102
2,854
2,590
3,982
3,829
2,700
68
143
16
1
1
30
26
28
29
10
133
97
62
205
33
20
4
27
48
42
142
25
7
24
36
0
3
41
13
5
1
7
34
22
14
37
21
21
27
5
869
890
635
964
1,008
1,056
1,150
1,018
2,334
1,929
6
4
2
10
13
7
3
12
11
3
685
524
307
514
1,301
995
192
428
624
645
107
1,279
143
262
1,636
449
191
333
1,530
1,044
6,892
7,103
2,431
9,532
4,113
6,237
3,269
6,278
10,444
1,795
182
323
88
313
242
0
77
35
265
99
11
189
134
428
158
575
63
222
225
9
2,824
545
372
3,336
2,986
951
672
2,561
3,141
1,021
n.a.
n.a.
720
2,495
399
2,605
1,575
,948
,314
,757
cxrili A7.5:
.5 : eleqtroenergiis miwodeba
(gvtsT)
1995
1996
1997
1998
1995
Ikv
adgilobrivi miwodeba
hidroeleqtrosadgurebi
engurhesi
privatizebuli da saijaro sawarmoebi
Termoeleqtrosadgurebi
gardabnis Tesi
saxelmwifo warmoeba
wminda importi
ruseTi
TurqeTi
azerbaijani
sasomxeTi
qselSi mTliani miwodeba
wyaro: saqenergo
IIkv
1996
IIIkv
IVkv
Ikv
IIkv
1998
1997
IIIkv
IVkv
Ikv
IIkv
IIIkv
IVkv
Ikv
7 770
7 985
8 274
9 035
1 650
1 988
1 871
2 261
1 679
2 039
2 061
2 206
2 080
1 872
1 813
2 509
6 206
6 010
6 044
6 391
1 155
1 669
1 695
1 687
869
1 649
1 831
1 661
1 225
1 332
1 517
1 970
3 075
860
2 725
2 109
3 136
488
807
1 043
737
220
771
1 016
718
515
176
591
IIkv
2 256
IIIkv
1999
Ikv
IVkv
2 386
2 122
2 271
1 250
2 003
1 806
1 332
2 027
930
827
477
996
1 090
573
273
947
188
228
176
268
166
242
230
232
232
304
272
303
221
301
219
206
159
704
704
1 105
1 119
1 697
0
0
306
306
644
630
148
146
0
0
313
312
785
236
232
775
82
81
97
617
24
24
236
1 669
91
91
236
1 109
307
307
623
1 088
90
733
723
938
926
6 910
7 115
7 163
8 088
1 462
1 760
1 695
1 993
1 513
1 797
1 831
1 974
1 848
1 568
1 541
2 206
2 035
2 085
1 903
2 065
1 868
870
1 111
752
121
191
-95
365
163
69
155
151
-11
-79
60
47
87
-27
84
214
-192
-195
78
250
418
404
306
535
164
93
63
98
89
67
27
221
74
61
60
111
299
31
6
199
71
173
-237
-462
-785
90
38
0
45
50
-63
-103
-121
-22
-116
-150
-174
-153
-218
-207
-207
0
161
-46
337
-8
111
32
6
12
12
-15
-3
-40
-5
136
63
143
3
-19
1
7
-2
10
163
6
0
4
65
14
5
79
181
8 465
8 940
1 959
1 786
2 593
2 470
2 194
1 927
2 349
2 277
8 522
8 106
2 015
2 151
1 940
2 416
1 830
2 028
1 982
2 266
2 127
cxrili A8.1
8.1a:
8.1 : ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. IV kv.
(aTasi)
mosaxleoba
sul, 15 welze ufrosi mosaxleoba
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1 )
dasaqmebuli
daqiravebuli
TviT-dasaqmebuli
gaurkveveli momuSave
umuSevari (1 )
umuSevari (2 )
registrirebuli
araregistrirebuli
sxva (1)
sxva (2)
mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (1)
qalaqi
1, 649,3
924,3
965,2
709,8
526,9
178,5
4,1
214,5
255,4
3,0
187,1
24,4
65,2
725,0
684,2
23,2
26,5
sofeli
1, 358,3
1,065,3
1,076,9
1,031,1
214,5
811,2
5,4
34,2
45,8
0,1
30,6
3,5
15,1
293,0
281,4
3,2
4,3
sul/saSualod
3, 007,7
1,989,6
2,042,1
1,740,9
741,4
989,7
9,5
248,7
301,2
3,2
217,7
27,8
80,3
1,018,0
965,6
12,5
14,7
qalaqi
sofeli
sul/saSualod
66,2
67,9
57,9
24,7
32,9
0,3
82,7
10,0
0,1
7,2
0,9
2,7
33,9
32,1
12,5
14,7
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, samuSao Zalis gamokvleva
cxrili A8.1
8.1b:
8.1 : ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. IV kv.
(procenti)
sul, 15 welze ufrosi mosaxleoba
dasaqmebuli
daqiravebuli
TviT-dasaqmebuli
gaurkveveli momuSave
umuSevari (1 )
umuSevari (2 )
registrirebuli
araregistrirebuli
sxva (1)
sxva (2)
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, samuSao Zalis gamokvleva
56,0
58,5
43,0
32,0
10,8
0,3
13,0
15,5
0,2
11,4
1,5
4,0
44,0
41,5
23,2
26,5
78,4
79,3
75,9
15,8
59,7
0,4
2,5
3,4
0,0
2,3
0,3
1,1
21,6
20,7
3,2
4,3
cxrili A8.2 a: Sinameurneobebis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis TviT-Sefaseba
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba
fulis xarjva SeuZliaT Tavisuflad
advilad ikmayofileben yoveldRiur materialur moTxovnebs
yoveldRiuri moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas metnaklebad axerxeben
Semosavali mxolod kvebaze yofniT
sakmaris kvebasac ki ver uzrunvelyofen
procenti
0,1
5,7
26,5
36,4
31,3
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, momxmareblis qcevis barometri
cxrili A8.2 b: Sinameurneobebis rogorc momxmareblebis qceva
(bolo sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi)
xarjebi
saojaxo saqoneli
bavSvebis swavlis xarjebi
mozrdili wevrebis swavlis xarjebi
garToba da dasveneba
kafe, restorani
samedicino momsaxureba
gaswia xarji
ar
dasWirvebia
15,5
22,1
6,5
9,6
11,3
42,3
55,4
69,4
85,6
47,5
50,6
42,1
ver gamoyo
fuli
28,1
8,1
7,6
42,7
37,9
15,4
cxrili A8.2 c: Sinameurneobebis mier SedarebiT msxvili SenaZenis (xarjebis) gaketebis
SesaZlebloba (momavali eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi)
xarji
binis an agarakis yidva an aSeneba
binis an agarakis mniSvnelovani remonti
aveji saxlisaTvis
avtomobili
avtomobilis kapitaluri remonti
saojaxo eleqtrosaqoneli
televizori, video, audioteqnika
kurortze dasveneba (saqarTveloSi)
ucxoeTSi mogzauroba (ara saqmiani)
SesaZlebelia
iyidos
2,5
3,8
3,9
1,8
2,9
10,0
7,8
5,9
1,7
cxrili A8.2 d: xangrZlivi moxmarebis sagnebis saSualo asaki
xangrZlivi moxmarebis sagani
televizori
audio mowyobiloba
videoaparatura
videokamera
wylis gamacxelebeli avzi
sarecxi manqana
macivari an sayinule
personaluri kompiuteri
pianino an roiali
msubuqi avtomobili
eleqtrogeneratori
satvirTo avtomobili
traqtori
mini-traqtori
saSualo asaki
12,93
6,13
5,06
3,36
7,78
14,16
16,31
6,58
18,28
12,51
6,16
10,2
14,87
10,02
ar varaudobs
96,8
94,6
94,2
97,2
94,7
86,2
89,3
91,4
96,2
ar icis
0,7
1,6
1,9
1,0
2,4
3,8
2,9
2,7
2,0
cxrili A8.3:
8.3: saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondis mier pensiebis da saojaxo daxmarebebis gadaxda
gadaxdili
daxmarebebis
raodenoba
I kv. 1998
gadasaxdeli
Tanxa
(aTasi lari )
erTi kacis
mier
saSualod
miRebuli
Tanxa
gadaxdili
daxmarebebis
raodenoba
II kv. 1998
gadasaxdeli erTi kacis gadaxdili
mier
Tanxa
daxmarebebis
(aTasi lari ) saSualod
raodenoba
miRebuli
Tanxa
IV kv. 1998
erTi kacis gadaxdili gadasaxde
erTi
mier
daxmarebebis li Tanxa kacis mier
raodenoba
(aTasi
saSualod
saSualod
lari )
miRebuli
miRebuli
Tanxa
Tanxa
sul pensiebi
919,667
24,801,4
9,0
900,137
23,2
899,071
87,974,5
32,6
904,261
115,015,0
Sromis
784,632
19,086,9
8,1
762,927
47,215,9
20,6
761,091
65,301,2
28,6
761,008
84,081,0
36,8
52,566
2,905,7
18,4
51,505
8,323,1
53,9
53,856
12,751,0
78,9
55,437
17,791,0
107,0
omis veteranebis da invalidebis
omis veteranTa qvrivebis
socialuri
personaluri
saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba
62,644,0
III kv. 1998
gadasaxdeli
Tanxa
(aTasi lari )
9,001
190,8
7,1
10,313
634,3
20,5
10,009
891,2
29,7
13,696
1,441,0
35,1
66,531
1,600,9
8,0
67,378
3,937,8
19,5
67,810
5,468,1
26,9
68,150
7,144,0
34,9
6,937
1,017,1
48,9
8,014
2,533,0
105,4
6,305
3,563,0
188,4
5,970
4,558,0
254,5
50,985
1,410,0
9,2
50,621
1,986,3
13,1
*
*
*
*
*
*
wyaro: saxelmwifo gaertianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondi
SeniSvna:
42,4
Sromis pensiebi eZleva garkveuli odenobis wlebis muSaobis Semdeg, xSirad 65 wlamde asakis xalxs.
socialuri pensiebi miecema maT, vinc miaRwia sapensio asaks.
personaluri pensiebi gaicema gansakuTrebuli miRwevebisaTvis.
cxrilSi mocemuli pensionerTa saerTo raodenoba oficialurad registrirebulze odnav maRalia, vinaidan igi aseve asaxavs 1998 wels gadaxdil wina periodis davalianebas.

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis

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