1. introduction - Instituto de Telecomunicações
Transcrição
1. introduction - Instituto de Telecomunicações
INSTITUTO DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES ANNUAL REPORT 2007 2 Table of Contents 1. 2. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 7 1.1 History .......................................................................................... 7 1.2 Management .................................................................................. 8 1.3 Highlights of 2007 ........................................................................... 9 KEY IT INDICATORS ............................................................................. 15 2.1 Human Resources ......................................................................... 15 2.2 Projects ....................................................................................... 16 2.3 Publications .................................................................................. 18 3. FINANCIAL OUTLINE ............................................................................ 19 4. RESEARCH AREAS................................................................................ 21 4.1 Wireless Communications ............................................................... 21 4.1.1 Area Coordinators ................................................................... 21 4.1.2 Human Resources ................................................................... 21 4.1.3 Summary of Research Achivements........................................... 29 4.1.4 Running and Concluded Projects ............................................... 41 4.1.5 Running and Concluded Theses................................................. 69 4.1.6 Publications ........................................................................... 81 4.1.7 Other Achievements...............................................................107 4.1.8 Other Contributions................................................................110 4.2 Optical Communications ................................................................113 4.2.1 Coordinators .........................................................................113 4.2.2 Human Resources ..................................................................113 4.2.3 Summary of Research Achievements ........................................117 4.2.4 Running and Concluded Projects ..............................................123 4.2.5 Running and Concluded Theses................................................145 4.2.6 Publications ..........................................................................152 4.2.7 Other Achievements...............................................................167 4.2.8 Other Contributions................................................................167 Conference Committees .......................................................................167 4.3 Networks and Multimedia ..............................................................169 4.3.1 Coordinators .........................................................................169 4.3.2 Human Resources ..................................................................169 iii 4.3.3 Summary of Research Achievements ........................................178 4.3.4 Running and Concluded Projects ..............................................197 4.3.5 Running and Concluded Theses................................................221 4.3.6 Publications ..........................................................................231 4.3.7 Other Achievements...............................................................257 4.3.8 Other Contributions................................................................263 4.4 Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies........................................267 4.4.1 Coordinators .........................................................................267 4.4.2 Human Resources ..................................................................267 4.4.3 Summary of Research Achievements ........................................272 4.4.4 Running and Concluded Projects ..............................................281 4.4.5 Running and Concluded Theses................................................304 4.4.6 Publications ..........................................................................313 4.4.7 Other Achievements...............................................................334 4.4.8 Other Contributions................................................................335 iv List of Tables Table 1 - Foreseen and achieved scientific output in 2007. ............................... 11 Table 2 - Current it human resources ............................................................ 15 Table 3 – Number of active projects in 2006, according to funding source .......... 17 Table 4 – Number of published works in 2007................................................. 18 Table 5 – Total operational income in 2006 .................................................... 19 Table 6 – List of major income sources during 2006 ........................................ 19 Table 7 – List of major costs in 2006 ............................................................. 20 Table 8 – Main asset changes in 2006 ........................................................... 20 Table 9 – Overview of human resources in the Wireless Communication Area...... 21 Table 10 – Permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications Area ......................................................................................................... 25 Table 11 – Non-permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications Area .................................................................................................. 28 Table 12 – Number of active projects in the Wireless Communications Area in 2007 ......................................................................................................... 41 Table 13 – List of Final Year Projects running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2007 ........................................................................................ 70 Table 14 – List of MSc Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2007.................................................................................................. 76 Table 15 – List of PhD Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2007.................................................................................................. 80 Table 16 – Overview of human resources in the Optical Communications Area ...113 Table 17 – Permanent Collaborators working in the Optical Communications Area ........................................................................................................115 Table 18 – Non-permanent Collaborators working in the Optical Communications Area .................................................................................................116 Table 19 - Number of active projects in the Optical Communications Area in 2007 ........................................................................................................123 Table 20 - List of Final Year Projects running in the Optical Communications Area during 2007 .......................................................................................145 v Table 21 - List of MSc Theses running in the Optical Communications Area during 2007.................................................................................................148 Table 22 - List of PhD Theses running in the Optical Communications Area during 2007.................................................................................................151 Table 23 – Overview of human resources in Networks and Multimedia Area .......169 Table 24 – Permanent Collaborators working in the Networks and Multimedia Area ........................................................................................................172 Table 25 – Non-permanent Collaborators working in the Neteworks and Multimedia Area .................................................................................................177 Table 26 – Number of active projects in the Networks and Multimedia Area during 2007.................................................................................................197 Table 27 – List of Final Year Projects running in the Networks and Multimedia Area During 2007.......................................................................................222 Table 28 - List of MSc. Theses running in the Networks and Multimedia Area During 2007.................................................................................................227 Table 29 - List of PhD Theses running in the Networks and Multimedia Area During 2007.................................................................................................230 Table 30 – Overview of the human resources in the Basic Sciences ans Enabling Technologies Area...............................................................................267 Table 31 – Permanent Collaborators working in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area...............................................................................269 Table 32 – Non-permanent Collaborators working in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area ..................................................................271 Table 33 – Number of active projects running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area...............................................................................281 Table 34 – List of Final Year Projects running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area during 2007 .............................................................305 Table 35 – List of MSc Theses running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area during 2007 .............................................................309 Table 36 – List of PhD Theses running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area during 2007 .............................................................312 vi ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 History Instituto de Telecomunicações (it) is a private, not-for-profit organisation, an association of five institutions with experience and traditions in research and development in the field of Telecommunications: • Instituto Superior Técnico (IST); • Universidade de Aveiro (UA); • Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra (FCTUC); • Portugal Telecom Inovação, (PTIn) • Nokia Siemens Networks S.A. it is organised around three sites: one in Aveiro, in the University Campus, another in Coimbra, in Branch II of the University of Coimbra and the third one in Lisbon, in Instituto Superior Técnico. In addition there is an external laboratory in Covilhã, in the University of Beira Interior, and two delegations one in Leiria, in the “Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão” of the Leiria Polytechnic (IPL) and another one in Lisbon, in Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa (ISCTE). Setting up of it was the result of a 1.5 billion escudos (about 7.5 million Euros) grant from Programme CIÊNCIA, through three contracts signed in 1991. This investment enabled new infrastructures to be built and research laboratories to be equipped at each site. Installation was concluded in Aveiro in 1993 and in Lisbon and Coimbra in 1994. Since 1993, it activities proceed regularly. it statutes were first approved in 1992, modified in 1997 and modified again in 2003. New site statutes deriving from it statutes were approved and implemented in 2005. Key developments in 2007 are highlighted ahead. Details are included in the sections dealing with each of the research areas. 7 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION 1.2 Management it is managed by a Board of Directors, elected by the General Assembly, and by Site Management Boards, which include the site members of the Board of Directors. Site Management Boards enjoy ample freedom to deal with current affairs and usually meet weekly. The Board of Directors meets at least once a month. it scientific activities are overseen by the Scientific Board, which includes all it researchers holding a Ph.D degree. The Scientific Board meets in Plenary or in Committees, both permanent and temporary. There are two permanent committees: the Science and Technology Committee and the Research Group Coordination Committee. it Work Plan and the Annual Report are discussed with the Advisory Committee, formed by three independent experts in the field of telecommunications (Dr. Roland Huber, Prof. Sir John O’Reilly and Prof. Martin Tomlinson) acting in a personal capacity, and together with the Accounts (after legal certification) are subsequently submitted to the General Assembly for approval. The General Assembly met formally twice. The first meeting was held on March 30, in the Meeting Room of the Lisbon site, to discuss and aprove the 2006 Annual Report and Accounts. The second meeting took place on December 19, in the Meeting Room of the Coimbra site, to approve the Work Plan and Budget for 2008. The Research Group Coordination Committee also met twice during 2007. On the first meeting, held on March 9, at Hotel da Lezíria (Vila Franca de Xira), the Draft Proposal of the 2006 Annual Report, was discussed and received a favourable opinion. The coming it evaluation was discussed and basic guidelines to prepare it were agreed upon. Scientific productivity was debated and measures to improve it were presented with emphasis on identifying non productive it members. On the second meeting, held on December 6, in the meeting room of the Aveiro site the Work Plan and Budget for 2008, was discussed and received a favourable opinion. The outcomes of eight internal projects, funded under the IT Laboratório Associado contract were presented and discussed. The Board of Directors met once a month. 8 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION The usual meeting with the Advisory Committee, foressen for 2007, is now scheduled for March 6 and 7, 2008. 1.3 Highlights of 2007 For many reasons 2007 was, a good year, a very good year for it. Firstly the scientific output reached a new peak, when the total number of people involved in S&T activities (researchers plus PhD students) was kept almost the constant. Two of it researchers were elevated to the rank of IEEE fellows, thus underlining the quality and the relevance of their work. There was also a very large increase in the number of MSc. (from 31 to 74) even if this increased is partly due to the Bolonha process. Secondly, funding was, for the first time in quite a few years, plentiful and timely. FCT made good on its promises both at the IT – Laboratório Associado contract and on the first payments for the new contracts. FCT also started closing many 2000 and 2001 projects thus enabling it to received the last payments for these projects the activities of which have long been finished. FCT granted it an extension of the IT – Laboratório Associado contract, until June 2008, thus not only guaranteeing funds for the first 6 months of 2008, when the new structural fund programmes are not yet available, but also prolonging this very important contract and providing a bridge for what we expect to be the new associated laboratory contract. Contrary to our initial expectations, it was not evaluated during 2007, a process which is now foreseen for the Autumn of 2008. Last, but by no means least, it was officially exempt from taxes, from 1995 onwards, a complex process started in 1997. During 2007, it (Lisbon) was subject of a substantive audit, concerning the IT – Laboratório Associado project. 9 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION Highlights of 2007 were: • A new delegation was opened, in Lisbon, at the premises of Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa (ISCTE). • Following the CIENCIA 2007 programme, it was awarded 5 new postdoctoral positions, in scientific domains, not included in the IT – Laboratório Associado contract. The corresponding calls were issued and 4 candidates were selected: one in Radioastronomy, one in Optics, and two in Security and Quantum Information. The call in Sensor Networks had no candidates and will like ly be repeated soon. • The 8 contracts for laboratory re-equipment were completed and the equipment was received and installed. • it was very successful in the ICT (7th Framework Programme) first two calls: 17 new projects, of which one as the coordinator. • it was also very successful in the FCT-2006 call for proposals: 31 new projects. it acceptance rate was near 1:2, much higher than the general acceptance rate. The number of scholarships increased again in 2007, reaching an all time level. This is an important step in improving it performance and impact. During 2007, 102 nationally funded and 30 internationally funded projects were active, as shown in section 2.2. As in previous years, involvement of it researchers particularly from the Lisbon site in European Commission funded projects were carried out through it associates due to current rules of participation. During 2007, it received the following visits: • Delegation of the University of Macau, Lisbon, March 16 • Delegation of the NATO, WGNTE/COM, Aveiro, April 26 • Vice-President of ETRI, Lisbon, May 9-11 • Head of Strategic Marketing, Ericsson AB, Lisbon, May 9—11 • President of ISCTE, Lisbon, May 22, 10 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION To reflect it 2007 activity some tangible objectives were defined in the Work Programme and Budget for 2007. These objectives together with the achieved values are given in Table 1 Graduate and post-graduate Foreseen Achieved Final year projects --- 68 MSc Theses 40 76 PhD Theses 20 15 Publications: Foreseen Achieved Books and Book Chapters 20 25 Papers in Journals 120 142 Papers in Conference Proceedings 300 441 activities: Table 1 - Foreseen and achieved scientific output in 2007. Achieved scientific output exceeded our forecast, both in papers in journals and in conference proceedings. The number of concluded PhD theses falls short of the expected value, showing that supervisors systematically underestimate time requirements. In contrast the number of expected and concluded MSc theses far exceeds our estimate. This is partly due to the impact of the Bolonha process. It co-authored 6 patent applications in 2007. it hosted the following national and international events (refered by date): • Seminar on Developing Real-Time Embeded Systems, in Lisbon, January 22, with about 30 participants; 11 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION • Tutorial on Noise and Shielding, in Lisbon, January 22, with about 30 participants; • Tutorial on Medical Instrumentation, in Lisbon, January 24, with about 30 participants; • Tutorial on Satellite Systems Design, in Lisbon, January 25, with about 30 participants; • Seminar on Solutions for Mobile TV, in cooperation with Rhode & Schwarz, in Aveiro, January 24, with about 30 participants • Seminar on Information-theorectic security in wireless networks: from theory to practice, in Oporto, in March 30, with 30 participants • Conftele2007, 6th Conference on Telecommunications, in Hotel Atlântico Golfe, Peniche, Portugal , on May 9—11, with about 200 participants • V Symposium On Enabling Optical Networks, in Aveiro, June 29, with 50 participants (29-06-2007) • IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC’07), in Aveiro, July 1 —4, with about 50 participants • IV Seminar on Muti-Gigabit Networks, in Aveiro, July 18, with 50 participants • Workshop on “Mobile WIMAX”, organized in co-operation with Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Academia de Engenharia and Ordem dos Engenheiros which took place at the ISCTE Auditorium in Lisbon, Setember 27, with about 250 participants • Workshop on Recent Advances in Distributed Video Coding, in Lisbon November 6, with about 20 participants • 26th Picture Coding Symposium (PCS2007), in Lisbon, November 7—9, with about 220 participants • Course on “Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation in Mobile Communications”, in Lisbon, November 30, with about 20 participants. During 2007 it researchers were awarded the following prizes: • Pedro, J; was elevated to the grade of IEEE Fellow for his work and scientific contributions to nonlinear distortion analysis of microwave devices and circuits; 12 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION • Pereira, F.; was elevated to the grade of IEEE Fellow, for contributions to object-based digital video representation technologies and standards; • Figueiredo, M. A. T., UTL/Santander Totta Scicentic Award in the field of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; • J. P. Oliveira, M.A. T. Figueiredo, and J. Bioucas-Dias; Best paper award at the 3rd IAPR Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, for the paper "Blind estimation of motion blur parameters for image deconvolution"; • Fernandes T.; Caldeirinha R.;Best Radiopropagation Poster Award, EUCAP'07, “Modelling Radiowave Propagation through Vegetation media:a Comparison between the RET and dRET models”, Edinburgh, United Kingdom • Monteiro, F.; Best paper award at the European Conference on Wireless Technology, Germany, for the paper "Euclidean Distances in Quantized Spaces with Pre-stored Components for MIMO Detection; • Teixeira, A.; Ferreira, A.; Monteiro, P.; Best paper award at the OECC/IOOC International Conference, Japan, for the paper “40 Gb/s All.Optical MultiWavelength Conversion via a Single SOA-MZI for WDM Wavelength Multicast”; • Jesus, V.; Sargento, S.; Corujo, D.; Sénica, N.; Almeida, M.; Aguiar, R.; Best paper award at the 12th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, Portugal, with the paper “Mobility with QoS Support for Multi-Interface Terminals: Combined User and Network Approach”; • Abreu, A.; one of three awards at the 2007 edition of the Scientific Partnership for Innovation, promoted by IAPMEI, Portugal; • Guterman, J.; Best student paper award at Conftele2007, Portugal, with the paper “Back-to-back E-Shaped Patch: Integration of a Novel Dual-Band Quasi-Omnidirectional Antenna into Laptops” • Cardoso, J.; First prize of the Portuguese Foundation for Communications for the work “Resource Management in Fixed Digital Telecommunication Systems”. Some of the activities mentioned in detail in Annexes are closely interconnected with activities carried out by it researchers in the scope of their universities or polytechnics. Their inclusion in this Report is merely for the record. 13 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 - INTRODUCTION 14 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – KEY IT INDICATORS 2. KEY IT INDICATORS 2.1 Human Resources Position Aveiro Coimbra Lisbon Total Professor Emeritus 0 0 3 3 Full Professor 6 4 10 20 Associate Professor 6 6 19 31 Assistant Professor 23 23 60 106 Post. Doc. 7 0 9 16 Coordinator Professor 0 5 2 7 Assistant Lecturer 0 11 0 11 PhD Student 24 18 71 113 MSc Student 8 11 22 41 Researcher 15 2 9 26 TOTAL 89 80 205 374 Table 2 - Current it human resources (excluding administretive staff) (The number of elligible PhD holders, for funding in 2007 is 183) 15 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – KEY IT INDICATORS 2.2 Projects Funding Agency Number AdI 2 ADI via Telesal Consortium 1 ADI, Siemens Networks SA 2 ADI, German Aerospace (DLR) 1 Ciência Viva 1 CRUP 2 DSIC / Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia – Espanha 1 ESA 4 ESF 6 EU 1 EU / IST Programme 15 EU, TOK-IAP 1 EU-FP7 ICT 3 FCT / ESA 1 FCT / POCI 8 FCT / POCTI 1 FCT / POSC 19 16 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – KEY IT INDICATORS Funding Agency Number FCT / POSI 1 FCT/PTDC 25 FLAD 2 GRICES 2 GRICES/CNR 1 ICP / ANACOM 1 INSTICC 1 Internal 5 INTERREG III-B 1 IT/LA 17 JustBit 1 Optimus, TMN, Vodafone 1 PT Inovação 3 Portuguese Navy 1 Nokia SIEMENS Networks SA 2 Telesal 1 Table 3 – Number of active projects in 2007, according to funding source 17 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – KEY IT INDICATORS 2.3 Publications Books Journals 25 142 Conferences MSc Theses PhD Theses TFC 441 76 15 68 Table 4 – Number of published works in 2007 "Books”- Fully authored books, Editor books, and book chapter contributions. "Journals”- Papers in International refereed journals. "Conferences”- Communications in International and National refereed conferences. "MSc and PhD Theses”- Concluded dissertations. "TFC”- Concluded student Final Year Projects 18 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – FINANCIAL OUTLINE 3. FINANCIAL OUTLINE Operational income during 2007 totalled 6 007.1 k€, distributed as indicated in Table 5. Major income sources (clients of services and sources of subsidies) are detailed in Table 6. Costs in 2007 totalled 4 625.6 k€, as partially indicated in Table 7. Main asset changes in 2007 are listed in Table 8. Sources of Income Amount [k€] Services to third parties 1 260.3 Subsidies 3 641.1 Other 1 105.7 TOTAL 6 007.1 Table 5 – Total operational income in 2007 Major clients of services Amount [k€] PT Inovação 418.1 Nokia Siemens 230.8 Brisa 97.6 TMN 90.0 Main sources of subsidies Amount [k€] Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia 2 494.1 Commission of the European Communities 750.2 Agência de Inovação 218.0 Table 6 – List of major income sources during 2007 19 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – FINANCIAL OUTLINE Costs Staff Amount [k€] 1 210.1 Management costs 25.6 Scholarships 813.2 Missions 771.8 Books and journals 60.2 Consumables 190.6 Structural costs 674.6 Table 7 –Major costs in 2007 Assets Decrease in tangible assets Amount [k€] 1 223.0 Depreciation 951.7 New Technical and Scientific Equipment 893.2 Table 8 – Main asset changes in 2007 20 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 4. RESEARCH AREAS 4.1 Wireless Communications 4.1.1 Area Coordinators • Carlos Cardoso Fernandes • José Carlos Pedro until July 2007 and Nuno Borges de Carvalho from August 2007 4.1.2 Human Resources Overview Degree Aveiro Coimbra Lisboa Professor Emeritus 0 0 2 Full Professor 2 0 4 Associate Professor 4 0 7 Assistant Professor 9 1 20 Post. Doc 3 0 1 PhD Student 5 0 25 MSc Student 2 0 12 Graduate 2 1 5 27 2 76 TOTAL Table 9 – Overview of human resources in the Wireless Communication Area. 21 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Permanent Collaborators Name Degree Position Group Carlos Salema Agregação Emeritus RMOM - Lx Mário Lança Agregação Emeritus RMOM - Lx Afonso Barbosa Agregação Full Professor RMOM - Lx Américo Correia Agregação Full Professor RCS Augusto Albuquerque Agregação Full Professor RCS José Carlos Pedro Agregação Full Professor RMOM - Av José Leitão Agregação Full Professor CTPR José Neves Agregação Full Professor RMOM - Av Carlos Fernandes Agregação Full Professor RMOM - Lx João Costa Freire Agregação Associate Professor RMOM - Lx Luís Correia Agregação Associate Professor RMOM - Lx António Alves Moreira PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Lx Atílio Gameiro PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Av Carlos Paiva PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Lx Carlos Sá da Costa PhD Associate Professor RCS Francisco Cercas PhD Associate Professor RCS João Nuno Matos PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Av 22 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Name Degree Position Group José Rocha Pereira PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Av Nuno Borges Carvalho PhD Associate Professor RMOM - Av Adão Silva PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - AV António Navarro PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av António Rodrigues PhD Assistant Professor RCS António Topa PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Armando Rocha PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av Custódio Peixeiro PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Fernando Fortes PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Fernando Velez PhD Assistant Professor RCS Fernando Nunes PhD Assistant Professor CTPR Filipe Cardoso PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Francisco Sena da Silva PhD Assistant Professor CTPR João Carlos Silva PhD Assistant Professor RCS João Gil PhD Assistant Professor RMOM- Lx João Vaz PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Jorge Manuel Nunes Pereira PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Jorge Torres PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Jorge Costa PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx 23 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Name Degree Position Group José Bioucas Dias PhD Assistant Professor CTPR José Nascimento PhD Assistant Professor CTPR José Sanguino PhD Assistant Professor CTPR Maria João Rosário PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Mário Silveirinha PhD Assistant Professor RMOM – Co Mário Marques Silva PhD Assistant Pofessor RMOM – Lx Manuel Dinis PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av Nuno Souto PhD Assistant Professor RCS Pedro Miguel Lavrador PhD Assistant Professor RMOM – Av Pedro Pinho PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av Paulo Marques PhD Assistant Professor CTPR Pedro Santos PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Lx Rafael Caldeirinha PhD Assistant Professor RMOM – Co Victor Santos PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av Telmo Reis Cunha PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av Telmo Fernandes PhD Assistant Professor RMOM - Av Chanaka Gunaratne PhD Pos-Doc RMOM - Av Jonathan Rodriguez González PhD Pos–Doc RMOM - AV Martijn Kuipers PhD Pos-Doc RMOM - Lx 24 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Name Degree Position Group PhD Pos-Doc RMOM - Av Lúcio Ferreira Graduate PhD Student RMOM - Lx Mónica Rute Antunes Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx Graduate MSc Student Graduate Researcher Eduardo Lima Graduate Technician RMOM - Lx Ricardo Abreu Graduate Technician RMOM - Av Rui Paulo Graduate Technician RCS Pedro Miguel Cabral Daniel Sebastião Diana Ladeira RMOM - Lx RMOM - Lx Table 10 – Permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications Area 25 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Other Collaborators Name Degree Position Group Alexandre Passos de Almeida MSc PhD Student RCS António Serrador MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx Carla Oliveira MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx Bruno Coelho MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx Fernando de Sousa MSc PhD Student CTPR Fernando Azevedo MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx Francisco Monteiro MSc PhD Student RCS Gonçalo Valadão Matias MSc PhD Student CTPR Jerzy Guterman MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx João Ferro MSc PhD Student RCS João Eira MSc PhD Student RCS João Paulo Martins MSC PhD Student RMOM - Av João Canto MSC PhD Student RMOM - Lx João Tavares MSc PhD Student RMOM - Av Luís Miguel Mendes MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx Luís M. Borges MSc PhD Student RCS Luísa Caeiro MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx PhD Student RMOM - Lx Marco Ribeiro MSc 26 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Name Degree Position Group Miguel Campilho MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx Nuno Cota MSc PhD Student RCS Nuno Figueiredo MSc PhD Student RMOM - Lx PhD Student RCS Orlando Cabral MSc Pedro Sebastião MSc PhD Student RCS Pedro Vieira MSc PhD Student RCS Sara Teodoro MSc PhD Student RMOM - Av PhD Student RMOM - Lx PhD Student RMOM - Av Sérgio Matos MSc Susana Mota MSc Carla Medeiros MSC Researcher RMOM - LX António Tavares Graduate PhD Student RMOM - Av Henrique Quaresma Graduate PhD Student RMOM - Lx João Eira Graduate PhD Student RCS Bárbara Gabriel Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Av Carlos Mendes Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx David Antunes Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx Daniel Santos Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx Gonçalo Carvalho Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx Gonçalo Carpinteiro Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx 27 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Name Degree Position Group João Angeja Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Av João Lopes Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx João Vinagre Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx Joaquim Oliveira Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx José Cardoso Graduate MSc Student RMOM - Lx MSc Student RCS MSc Student RMOM - Av MSc Student RMOM - Lx MSc Student RMOM - Lx MSc Student RMOM - Lx MSc Student RMOM - Lx MSc Student RMOM - Lx MSc Student RCS MSc Student CTPR MSc Student RMOM - Av Researcher RMOM - Lx José Velez Luís Carvalho Luis Salvador Miguel Bacelar Mónica Antunes Pedro Brás Pedro Baptista Rui Manuel Pedro Costa Teresa Ferreira Valdemar Monteiro Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate António Abreu Graduate Ricardo Abreu Graduate Sérgio Rebelo Graduate Researcher Researcher RMOM - Av CTPR - CO Table 11 – Non-permanent collaborators working in the Wireless Communications Area 28 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 4.1.3 Summary of Research Achivements Research work in the Wireless Communications Scientific Area of it covers the main aspects related to the air interface in wireless communications and supporting technologies, including hardware/software. Activities fall within the following five general topics: - Antenna Analysis and Design; - Wireless Circuits and Devices; - Waves and Propagation; - Transmitting and Receiving Systems; - Radio Networks. Antenna Analysis And Design Work on antennas followed two main streams: personal small-terminal antennas and antennas for other applications at frequencies typically below 6 GHz, and antennas for millimeter wave applications, namely for the space segment. Both topics involved a parallel activity on EM numerical modeling code development. The work on antennas has been carried out in the framework of ACE Network of Excellence (ACE NoE), COST Action IC0603 (ASSIST – Antenna Systems & Sensors for Information Society Technologies), ESA funded ILASH project, and FCT funded projects R-Meta project and EBGCOM project. Small terminal antennas In the framework of ACE NoE activities, work has continued on the development of new antenna configurations adequate for laptop PC integration or for integration into small mobile terminals (handsets and PDAs). These antennas comply with multiple-band specifications (ex. GSM1800, UMTS, IEEE 802.11b/Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11a standards) and with the possibility of using these antennas with MIMO antenna techniques. The study has included the influence of antenna location on the terminal, correlation and mutual coupling effects between multiple elements in the same terminal, laptop casing effects, and assessment of human exposure to laptop antenna radiation through evaluation of SAR. 29 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Different antenna configurations have been considered in the above studies, based on single and multi-feed printed patch antennas with slots or on the innovative omnidireccional wrapped microstrip antenna. Antenna prototypes have been fabricated and experimentally tested, including the cases where the antenna is integrated into a laptop. Another studied approach for multi-band operation was based on geometrically reconfigurable antenna structures using MEMS, in the framework of R-META project. The study had especial focus on the establishment of adequate numerical models to merge the antenna EM analysis with the RF circuit analysis of the antenna plus the Pin or MEMS to take into account not only MEMS switching RF behavior but also packaging effects. Commercial 3D EM numerical modeling codes and microwave circuit analysis codes were explored for this analysis which was validated by prototype construction and full experimental tests. Attention has been dedicated also to UWB antennas, with the goal of size reduction, minimum pulse distortion and stable radiation pattern shape and polarization. A new printed crossed exponential tapered-slot antenna configuration was evaluated by simulation and experiments on a prototype. Millimeter-wave antennas Activity on millimeter wave antennas was focused on shaped dielectric lens antennas within ESA/ESTEC funded LASH project. The goal was to develop new configurations of shaped integrated lens antennas favoring very high efficiencies and ultra wide operation bandwidth (in the order or 100%) for radiometric applications and quasi-optical imaging applications. Following previous studies, several new integrated lens types and integrated feeds were designed (the latter including mixer circuit), fabricated and successfully tested at 40 GHz and 60 GHz bands. Benchmarking actions continued in the framework of ACE NoE, between IT and IETR/Univ which led to the development of innovative shaped lenses for data link communications with LEO satellites at 26 GHz. Prototypes were fabricated and successfully tested experimentally. 30 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Other antenna studies A successful antenna concept for “smart RFID” environments was introduced. The new antennas were fabricated and tested in those environments with very promising results. A patent is likely to be filed on these developments, in collaboration with a local company. Another research topic, related to the modeling and characterization of the extreme attenuation effect of a thin film of rain water over antenna radomes at 26 GHz radio links, was evaluated both by simulation and experimentally. The very high permittivity of water makes the water layer thickness (in the order of 0.1 mm) become resonant at these frequencies, adding extra attenuation to the well known radio link attenuation by rain. Numerical Codes for Antenna Analysis An FDTD code for electromagnetic simulation of antennas, with user friendly interface, was developed and successfully compared to commercial codes. The code was written as a test bed for the study of specific algorithms and tools for antenna analysis and design. As for lens antenna analysis, the development in the framework of the ILASH project of a dedicated design and optimization code – ILASH – was concluded. The code, based on high frequency techniques (GO+PO) not only allows the design and characterization of stand-alone lenses but also includes the possibility of studying the combined behavior of lens + reflector assemblies. Genetic algorithms are used for optimization of lens performance. Wireless Circuits And Devices Research work performed in this sub-area can be grouped under three general topics, one related to microwave circuit design, another to computer aided design of microwave/RF circuits and systems including simulation techniques and system/device modeling, and, finally, a third one dedicated to wireless system design. In all cases, the underlying applications fall within the wireless area. 31 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS RF and Microwave Circuit Design Microwave and millimeter-wave circuits were developed using low cost SiGe MMIC technologies. These included some wide band low noise amplifiers and complete down converters, e.g., for LMDS systems operating at 28.5GHz. The validation of the models used on the CAD circuit design has been under assessment, considering the design and measurement phases of the various projects. From these, special attention was paid to equivalent circuit models of spiral inductors, poly capacitors and resistors implemented on both SiGe and Si CMOS technologies. Aspects concerning high frequency on-wafer measurements up to 6GHz with silicon substrates were also investigated. Indeed, another important research area concerned CMOS RF circuits. Monolithic integrated LC voltage controlled oscillators (VCO), phase-shift oscillators, mixers and complete frequency synthesizers for frequencies up to 6GHz were designed on CMOS 0.35um technology. Linear and switching (class-E) power amplifiers up to 6GHz were also designed. Higher frequency bands are also under study via the design of RF front-end WLAN and Bluethooth transceivers, implemented on highperformance 0.18um and 0.09um CMOS substrates. In addition, studies towards on-chip supply of RF CMOS systems were continued. Several topologies - hard switching continuous and discontinuous conduction mode, quasi-square wave (QSW) and quasi-resonant boost converters - were studied and designed to be fabricated in CMOS technology, in order to meet the supply specifications of a 1GHz tuning band LC VCO and a VCO PLL mixer. Experimental results obtained on high inductance on-chip spiral inductors indicate that integrated passives can be used as energy storage elements or as resonant passives for these very-high frequency converters. Studies on RF CMOS substrate characterization were continued to evaluate substrate impedance and modeling as a function of distance between power management and RF blocks. New CMOS isolation structures were studied and fabricated and the results indicate improved isolation characteristics when compared with the classic RF-CMOS guard-ring structures. Finally, hybrid high power amplifiers were designed and implemented with GaN HEMT devices, to assess the extracted nonlinear devices’ model accuracies and usefulness for high-power/high-linearity circuit design. 32 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Furthermore, a special attention was also paid to the development of dedicated measurement methods for the intermodulation products of these PA circuits, and thus accurately capture, model and minimize their nonlinear dynamic effects. In this respect, the characterization of the PA memory effects was particularly important because of the detrimental effects these PA nonlinear impairments may have on PA pre-distortion linearizer circuits Computer Aided Design Tools for RF/Microwave Circuits and Systems As referred above, equivalent circuit models were obtained for spiral inductors, poly capacitors and resistors on both MMIC/RFIC SiGe and CMOS technologies. In addition the low resistivity of Si substrates motivated the experimental characterization of MMIC components and possible coupling between SoC subcircuits. In what behavioural modelling activities at the system level are concerned, our efforts have been devoted to formulate two different sets of pruned Volterra series models. Although these constitute approximate attempts of system identification, they are believed to still achieve a very good trade-off between accuracy of response representation and complexity of model format and extraction. In fact, despite their approximate nature, their predictive capabilities are not compromised as long as the pruning procedure is directed by some form of a-priori physical knowledge of the internal device operation. This led to two different models, one extracted in the time domain via W-CDMA measurements and another one extracted in the frequency-domain via swept separation-frequency two-tone stimuli. Furthermore, three other modelling works on passive intermodulation, UWB systems’ modelling in presence of nonlinear distortion and the identification of wireless modulated signals were also started. Wireless System Design A new DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) system, for automatic identification and toll purposes, at 5,8GHz band, was designed, fabricated and tested, according to the European standards of the physical link and application layers. Beyond the engineering objectives of this system, it also involved technical 33 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS innovation since a new receiver architecture was proposed to minimize the Doppler effect. Location and identification systems were also developed. A location system supported on a WLAN network was conceived, implemented and tested, while another one based on a RFID was investigated. Waves and Propagation Work in this sub-area includes radio propagation models for fixed-link systems, for mobile systems and fundamental work in the area of elctromagnetics of complex media with possible application to antennas and other relevant devices for wireless supporting technologies. It also includes studies for EM exposure assessment. Radiowave Propagation Modelling In the mobile communications area, work has continued on MIMO channel modelling, for different types of scenarios and cells. A MIMO statistical model was developed for the analysis of capacity increase in heterogeneous mobile communication systems. Work continued also on the modelling of radiowave propagation through vegetation at microwaves and millimeter-waves. A discretised RET model which can overcome the problem of having different vegetation blocks along a radio path has been proposed: the vegetation block(s) were divided into smaller blocks and a discrete based RET algorithm was applied to each block successively. Further work around the same topic has been extended to 40 GHz, in view of BFWA applications. The study was intended to improve the estimation and establishment of the input parameters required by the RET model. In addition, this research intends to investigate current approaches and develop new more accurate narrow and wideband channel models, and fast fading models to characterize signal propagating through, around or scattered from vegetation under the effect of wind, resorting both to theoretical investigations and experimental data gathering at 40 GHz. In respect to Earth-Satellite propagation modeling, a beacon receiver was operated successfully logging one additional year to the propagation database. The database now comprises 3 years and there is a good chance that the recommended 5 years 34 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS data collection can be accomplished. The experimental cross polar discrimination results were compared with the expected values calculated from measured drop shapes (obtained within a cooperation work), showing good agreement. A first reliable fade duration statistical data was obtained confirming the available models with slightly different median values that nevertheless are dependent of fade slope. Fade slope data is seen to conform also to models but only a pre-analysis was made. Scintillation results reveal that the ITU model is over predicting scintillation intensity for large time percentages and mainly during summer months. A digital beacon detector was also developed. A digitized IF is subject to a digital receiver signal processor that transfers the samples to a DSP. The DSP implements a digital/software PLL loop and performs a coherent detection. Results of the hardware alone are excellent and the global results of the system –including software- are very good. EM exposure assessment In line with the public service part of IT mission, the MONIT project continues its risk communication activity on public exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The project is sponsored by all Portuguese mobile operators. The project contributes for public awareness of basic concepts related to electromagnetic radiation and population exposure in mobile communications through a public website providing on-line access to a repository of field level measurement at different sites all around the Country, through direct information campaigns in public areas, and through short-courses for non-engineers. Electromagnetics of Complex Media One very strong work topic is related to electromagnetics of complex media and metamaterials, the artificial materials that are obtained by random or periodic inclusion of metallic or dielectric particles into a host dielectric media to produce unconventional electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials. These materials may have application for antennas and other devices for wireless applications. Work has continued along these lines in the R-META project for the characterization of artificial ground planes formed by a dense array of metallic pins. This structure can provide extreme values of the index of refraction, thus favoring 35 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS the possibility to dramatically reduce the substrate thickness in antenna applications. Still related with metamaterials, novel sub-wavelength imaging devices were studied, formed by nano rods. Low epsilon media was also investigated in view of its applications to the design of nano insulators, cloaking structures, and to explore other effects such as anomalous transmission of waves through sub-wavelength narrow channels. Work pursued electromagnetic also wave on the analytical/numerical propagation in characterization three-dimensional planar of the waveguides involving complex media and metamaterials with negative refractive index (NRI) using a continuous effective media approach. For complex media, the work was mainly focused on the analysis of the propagation characteristics of chiral H-guides: surface-waves and leaky-wave modes and respective chirality dispersion influence. For NRI material, work was essentially focused on the assessment of the effective index method in the analysis of three-dimensional double negative (DNG) metamaterial waveguides. Material dispersion models were used to describe dispersive leaky-mode propagation in metamaterial nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguides: Propagation characteristics of DNG ridge waveguides: proper leaky mode dispersion and propagation in double-negative (DNG) NRD structures was studied to explore contra-directional coupling, leaky mode propagation, effects of material dispersion and to assess the effective index method. Transmitting and Receiving Systems Research work performed within this sub-area includes two main topics: UMTS capacity enhancement techniques and estimation techniques. Radio systems Efficient simulation methods were applied for wireless communication systems using different modulation, coding and fading models with special emphasis on TCH (Tomlinson, Cercas, Hughes) codes, development of a new UWB system using TCH codes for both coding and synchronization aspects. 36 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Work continued on OFDM modulations for usage in LTE (Long Term Evolution) of UMTS with emphasis on the incorporation of Hierarchical constellations for MBMS transmissions. The study also addressed and compared the use of implicit pilots versus data multiplexed pilots for channel estimation purposes with the development of adequate receivers. Multipacket detector schemes were also developed as a way to improve ARQ. Another topic of research focused on pre-processing schemes to achieve interference cancellation, combined with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) in (W-CDMA) based cellular communications. The MIMO schemes tend to achieve a performance improvement by exploiting a higher level of diversity, by using M transmit and N receive antennas. MIMO schemes normally have a post-processing associated to it. The work performed focused on transferring this processing to the Base Station (BS), in order to reduce the Mobile Station (MS) complexity, i.e., perform this processing following a pre-processing approach, in order to find a solution for the downlink bottleneck. The mentioned approach was compared with other MIMO and beamforming schemes, namely with the Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST), with the regular MIMO post-processing detector and with the Beam-Selective Transmit Diversity (BSTD), which can be seen as a composite scheme where the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) reduction is performed jointly with the exploitation of transmit diversity, without additional MS complexity. It was concluded that, in most conditions, the MIMO pre-processing scheme is a good choice, able to allow interference cancellation and provide diversity, and hence, tending to lead to better performance and capacity, and facing the requirements of the emergent cellular communication systems. With respect to the new satellite ground infrastructure at IT-Lisbon, an intelligent web interface is being developed to allow this station to be used remotely in academic and research projects. Estimation techniques One contribution was focused mainly in theoretical and design aspects of GPS/Galileo receivers taking into account new types of signals, namely the Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation. The following aspects were considered: a) Study and development of alternative correlation techniques for the receiver code loop, based on the gating concept, aiming to improve the multipath mitigation capability. 37 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS b) Development of new algorithms for the code delay estimation in difficult scenarios, like highly-accelerative platforms or shadowed reception, using the stochastic filtering framework. Another topic is related to linear unmixing in hyperspectral data, continuing work from previous years. The work is being extended to hyperspectral blind unmixing using mixtures of Dirichelet sources. Studies also addressed phase unwrapping using graph-cut optimization tools. PUMA approach was introduced for phase unwrapping, which consists in solving a family of "convex" discrete problems with a sequence of graph-cut computations. The idea of incremental graph-cuts is now being explored to speed up the method. Other addressed topic was unsupervised segmentation for oil spills detection from SAR images and discriminative segmentation based on Bayesian segmentation methods built on discriminative classifiers, applied to high dimensional data. Work was done also on inverse problems with non-quadratic regularization, with direct application in image restoration, regression and classification. New fast algorithms were introduced and many others were reinterpreted under the light of the majorization-minimization framework. Radio Networks Traffic in wireless networks Models for traffic generation for UMTS were established, considering a large variety of services and applications, enabling a better estimation of traffic, as well as an improved evaluation of load, together with mobility influence via developed models. A simulator for the air interface of UMTS-FDD was developed, enabling the analysis of traffic aspects as well as load and handover. Algorithms were developed for the optimization of UMTS-FDD and TDD radio cellular networks. Work was also developed on the impact of services and applications characterization on multimedia multi-class traffic modelling and QoS (Quality of Service). Initial research was performed on the identification of cross-layer architectures for future wireless systems, by identifying QoS metrics adequate for the purpose of link and Medium Access and Control layers optimization. Network planning and optimization, which represents the synthesis and integration of the two previous activities was extensively addressed through performance evaluation 38 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS (including simulation) in multi-service deployment scenarios. By using a system level simulator for Enhanced UMTS, results were obtained for system capacity in terms of supported throughput, for a given grade of service. These results were used as an input to a cost/revenue model. A simulator was produced to extract conclusions about blocking and handover failure probabilities on a vehicular scenario, considering the burstiness of traffic, from single- to multi-service situations, and from absence to presence of mobility. Location methods for outdoor environments in wireless cellular networks were studied, evaluated and developed, with two new location algorithms and a new approach to the selection of the geographical search area for the terminal. One of the new algorithms performed well in environments possessing high base station density, which indicates its possible usefulness for urban scenarios. Cellular planning Cellular planning aspects for a WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) point-to-multipoint wireless network to be developed in the region of Beira Interior were also investigated. The potentialities of the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) tools were explored to optimize base station location with respect to line of sight in coverage, and a computer graphics cellular planning tool is being developed for outdoor environments. The point-to-point component is also being incorporated into the planning tool. Some practical demonstrators were deployed, field trials are being held, and results for throughput and carrier-to-noise ratio are being obtained (with the use of a tool that incorporates GPS information). Radio resource management For broadcast and multicast transmissions in a mobile cellular network, depending on the communication link conditions some receivers will have better signal to noise ratios (SNR) than others and thus the capacity of the communication link for these users is higher. It was showed that in broadcast transmissions it is possible to exchange some of the capacity of the good communication links to the poor ones and the trade-off can be worthwhile. Possible methods to improve the efficiency of the UMTS network are the use of multiple codes or multiple antennas both at 39 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS transmitter and receiver (MIMO) or non-uniform signal constellations (also called hierarchical constellations). Each one is able to provide unequal bit error protection. The High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) of UMTS as a mean to deliver MBMS multi-resolution video streaming was also studied with suitable packet scheduler algorithms that try to guarantee the same bit rate to the users in order to offer good fairness and capacity. Other point-to-multipoint schedulers and algorithms were studied, including multi-code, non-uniform 16-QAM constellations, MIMO, macro-diversity combining, hierarchical cell structures. For the use in wireless sensor networks, a ultawideband low data rate system for the physical layer was studied with a new power-aware algorithm at the MAC layer using power control to reduce transmission power to a minimum with a significant reduction against previous algorithms. 40 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 4.1.4 Running and Concluded Projects Overview Funding Agency Number ADI via Telesal Consortium 1 ADI,German Aerospace Center (DLR) 1 CRUP 2 ESA-ESTEC 1 ESF 3 EU 1 EU,IST Programme 6 EU-FP7 ICT 3 FCT/ESA 1 FCT/POSC 5 FCT/PTDC 4 IT/LA 6 Optimus, TMN, Vodafone 1 Portuguese Navy 1 Telesal 1 TOTAL 37 Table 12 – Number of active projects in the Wireless Communications Area in 2007 41 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Activity in Projects Acron / Ref LOPES Title Person Location Funding ADI via TELESAL Consortium Descript. The main objective of this project is to accomplish successful a system that can help a museum administrator to know some important aspects about the exhibits exposed in is museum. This are: The exhibits that has more visitors. The time spent by each visitor seeing the exhibit. The pieces that has less visitors. The number of visitors seeing the same exhibit at the same time. Order the exhibits by type of visitors seeing them (child\adult, male\female). More important aspects will be implemented. With this useful information the museum administrator can improve the quality of the exhibits and know which are replaceable or not. The LOPES project is divided into three systems: localization system, management system and multimedia system. The localization system gives information about the position in the museum of all the visitors. With this information the system can execute some actions. The management system is responsible to collect all type of information given by the localization system. Plus, can configure the devices that is used in the localization system, and configure the multimedia system. The multimedia system acts like a picture and exhibit labeling and interpretation information. Helps the visitors to understand better the pieces. 42 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref VeXel / DLR/OCE0050 Title Maritime Traffic Monitoring with TerraSAR-X Funding AdI,German Aerospace Center (DLR) Descript. The Objectives of the Project are the Following: 1 - Study the potentialities of TerraSAR-X stripMap and scanSAR products to monitor maritime vessel traffic, namely to detect, to estimate cinematic parameters, and to classify moving vessels. 2- Adapt and develop new methods and algorithms aimed at the objectives listed above, taking advantage of the high geometric and radiometric resolutions of TerraSAR-X, in comparison, for example, with the ASAR and RADARSAR sensors. 3 - Build a prototype for for maritime traffic monitoring based on TerraSAR-X data. Acron / Ref LaSiBeME / E-80/07 Title Large Signal Measurements for Nonlinear Behavioral Model Extraction Funding CRUP Descript. With the recent advances on Wireless Communication Systems, the spectrum occupancy has rise severely. This imposes a very restringing limit on the modulation formats that should be used. As is well known, higher values of spectrum efficiency imposes modulation formats of non-constant amplitude, which are very demanding in terms of linearity of Power Amplifiers, PA. In order to account for these nonlinear effects on wireless communications, proper CAD/CAE tools should be used. But in order to predict all the relevant information of a system with CAD tools, some improved models describing the system behaviour should be used. Those models could be divided into three 43 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS types, physical (completely physical based model), empirical (based on some physical knowledge, but less complex that the physical solution) and completely behavioural model based on input/output relations (in this case the device under test is considered a black box). Due to the fact that wireless systems have being more and more complex, and thus includes a higher amount of components, the simulation of those systems, had moved to (from?) the so called base equivalent models, and thus to the complete behavioural model description of components. Nevertheless if this is easily obtained for linear components, it is more difficult for nonlinear ones. That is the reason why a large amount of researchers are looking to this behavioural model scientific area. But as in all modelling activities the model process is not completed without a precise measuring of certain parameters, in order to be able to extract the model parameters. This project will be devoted mainly to this measuring approach, and thus to the instrumentation needs for a certain behavioural model parameter extraction. In that respect new approaches to the measuring of amplitude and phase is fundamental, and this should be done in the presence of complex forms of input signals, including the well know one-tone sinusoidal input, two-tone, and more recently multi-sine schemes. Acron / Ref SAPA Title Smart Active Printed Antennas Funding CRUP Descript. To implement an active antenna with Si MMICs. 44 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref ILASH / ESA-17514 Title Integrated Lens Antenna Shaping Funding ESA-ESTEC Descript. ILASH project aimed at developing and delivering to ESA-ESTEC a validated software tool for the design, analysis and optimization of high permittivity circular symmetric integrated lens antennas (ILA) with optimized coupling to incoming broadband on-axis beam, or to narrowband off-axis beams in scanning applications – the ILASH tool. The tool is especially tailored for the design and optimization of mmwave or sub-mm-wave shaped double-shell lenses that enable the radiation pattern compliance with two simultaneous conditions selected from a predefined list. The experimental validation of the tool is based on scaled lens prototypes operating between 40 GHz and 65 GHz. Acron / Ref ASSIST / COST IC0603 Title COST IC0603 (ASSIST) Funding ESF Descript. To assist in the research & development of antenna systems and sensors necessary for the new ubiquitous wireless society • Coordinate existing research • Suggest new topics • Stand in a scientific/technological survey attitude • To contribute to the visibility of antenna activities in Europe and to lobby for new projects • Creation of an European Antenna community • Conferences and Workshops • Exchange of researchers • Interactions academy-industry 45 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS • To increase public awareness of antenna related issues Acron / Ref COST2100 Title Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications Funding ESF Descript. The main objective of the Action is to increase knowledge of mobile and wireless network technologies, by exploring and developing new methods, models, techniques, strategies and tools that will facilitate the implementation of next generation mobile radio communication systems and will foster the development of the paradigms of pervasive and ambient wireless communications. Acron / Ref COST 290 Title Traffic and QoS Management in Wireless Multimedia Networks Funding ESF Descript. The main objective of the Action is to increase the knowledge on future advanced Multiservice Wireless Networks (MWNs) MWNs and specifically on traffic nature and behaviour and its impact on network architecture, performance and planning. Special attention will be given to Quality of Service and related aspects in both access networks and core networks in the presence of mixed multimedia traffic. To accomplish this, new analytical tools, software implementations and prototypes will be developed and validated. Action has been divided into four Working Groups (WGs). Working Group Parameters 1: Traffic Estimation in Engineering, Congestion Packet-Switched Mobile Control and and Wireless Environment for 3G and beyond 46 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Working Group 2: Specific issues and QoS for Future Packet-Switched Mobile and Wireless Networks Working Group 3: Network Planning and Architectures Working Group 4: New Services and QoS Mobile Pricing Acron / Ref (HYPER-I-NET) / MRTN-CT-2006-035927 Title Hyperspectral Imaging Network Funding EU Descript. The Hyperspectral Imaging Network (HYPER-I-NET) is a four-year (2007-2010) FP6 Marie Curie Research Training Network designed to build an interdisciplinary European research community focusing on hyperspectral imaging activities. Hyperspectral imaging is concerned with the measurement, analysis, and interpretation of spectra acquired from a given scene (or specific object) at a short, medium or long distance by an airborne or satellite imaging spectrometer. Hyperspectral sensors are now able to produce hundreds of images, corresponding to different wavelength channels, for the same area on the surface of the Earth. Such wealth of spectral information applications, has opened including ground-breaking environmental and perspectives urban in monitoring many and assessment, target detection for military and homeland defense/security purposes, and risk prevention and response. The latter includes tracking wildfires, detecting biological threats, and monitoring oil spills and other types of chemical contamination. The core strategy of HYPER-I-NET will be to create a powerful interdisciplinary synergy between different domains of expertise within Europe, and use it to break new grounds in areas related with hyperspectral imaging. This will be achieved by organizing a well structured multidisciplinary training programme that will cover all the different aspects that comprise the hyperspectral data processing chain, 47 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS ranging from sensor design and flight operation to data collection, processing, interpretation, and dissemination. As a result, the theme of HYPER-I-NET is at the confluence of heterogeneous disciplines, such as sensor design and calibration, aerospace engineering, remote sensing, high performance computing, image/signal processing and Earth observation related products. The main objectives of HYPER-I-NET will be to: 1. Bridge the gap between sensor design and hyperspectral data exploitation in remote sensing activities in Europe. This will be done by defining a so-called standard hyperspectral processing chain; 2. Develop standardized and innovative techniques/products for hyperspectral image analysis, taking into account specific requirements introduced by these data sets (collection, storage, processing and calibration); 3. Establish standardized data processing and validation/quality control procedures in all the steps of the hyperspectral processing chain; 4. Integrate knowledge from different disciplines (e.g., sensor design, data processing, contribution to computing, the scientific development, applications) operation and and their exploitation of hyperspectral imaging systems; 5. Improve the cooperation and transfer of knowledge (ToK), from Research Institutions, Universities and SMEs working on hyperspectral imaging; 6. Create a powerful multidisciplinary synergy that will allow a more solid integration of technical and scientific issues, building a true interdisciplinary network relying on standardization and terminology. 48 joint ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref C-MOBILE / IST-2005-27423 Title Advanced MBMS for the Future Mobile World Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. New RAN technologies and IMS to support future MBMS based on Long term Evolution of 3GPP Acron / Ref Title UNITE / IST-4-026906 Virtual Distributed Testbed for Optimisation and Coexistence of Heterogeneous Systems Funding Descript. EU,IST Programme UNITE will encapsulate the common features of cellular, wireless (3G, WMAN, WLAN) and DVB broadcasting to provide a scalable, extendible, evaluation and co-existence tool. The UNITE platform aims to address the aforementioned research challenges: • Implementing an efficient, accurate and scalable Virtual Distributed Testbed (VDT) to support cross-system and cross-layer optimization of heterogeneous systems in a unified manner. • Through the use of the VDT, to investigate, design and evaluate crosslayer and cross-system interactions, between next generation radio protocols without neglecting important real-system details. The existence of a Pan-European VDT is considered a true innovation and will offer the following beneficial attributes on a European scale: • Extendibility: Existing and future standards can be realized on the UNITE platform. • Modular design: An end-user transparent framework with 'plug and play' features to support algorithmic testing in a Beyond 3G heterogeneous environment. • Open Interface: The open structure ensures that redeveloping and 49 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS extensions can easily be achieved. • Scalability: The scale of the air-interface technologies can be configured freely so that the cost of system devices can be minimized. • Easy to update and maintain. • Supports algorithmic design life-cycle optimization; the impact of the software and hardware implementation methodology on protocol design can be evaluated. • A Framework to allow design and evaluation of cross-system and crosslayer optimization algorithms. • UNITE framework will support a comprehensive iterative cross-layer optimization methodology to attain an optimized radio access network solution in view of E2E (End-to-End) performance. Acron / Ref Title AROMA / IST-4-027567 Advanced Resource management solutions for future all IP heterOgeneous Mobile rAdio environments Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. The objective of the AROMA project is to devise and assess a set of specific resource management strategies and algorithms for both the access and core network part that guarantee the end-to-end QoS in the context of an all-IP heterogeneous network. Acron / Ref ACE Title Antenna Center of Excellence Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. Develop network of excellence in the area of antennas 50 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref ACE / FP6-508009 Title Antenna Centre of Excellence Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. This Network of Excellence is intended to increase the efficiency and relevance of antenna research in Europe. It plans to acheive horizontal integration by selecting, perfecting and regrouping for dissemination of world level courses, documentation, software and test resources. The Joint Research Programme (JRP) will provide vertical integration, fostering university-industry co-operation and focusing research to support Europe’s competitiveness and to limit duplications in 4 key areas: A. Millimetre wave antennas (Integrated, Meta-material based…) B. Small terminal antennas (Miniaturised, using MEMS…) C. Broadband antennas D. Re-configurable antennas. Acron / Ref NEWCOM / FP6-IST-507325-2002 Title Network of Excellence in Wireless Communications Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. NEWCOM aims at creating a European network that links in a cooperative way a large number of leading research groups addressing the Strategic Objective “Mobile and wireless systems beyond 3G”, a frontier research area of the Priority Thematic Area of IST 51 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref 4WARD / FP7 ICT-07-216041 Title Architecture and Design for the Future Internet Funding EU-FP7 ICT Descript. The main objective of this project is the location of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth TAGS in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth networks. Today’s network architectures are stifling innovation, restricting it mostly to the application level while the need for structural change is increasingly evident. The absence of adequate facilities to design, optimize and interoperate new networks currently forces a convergence to an architecture that is suboptimal for many applications and that cannot support innovations within itself, the Internet. 4WARD overcomes this impasse through a set of radical architectural approaches built on our strong mobile and wireless background.. We improve our ability to design inter-operable and complementary families of network architectures. We enable the co-existence of multiple networks on common platforms through carrier-grade virtualization for networking resources. We enhance the utility of networks by making them self-managing. We increase their robustness and efficiency by leveraging diversity. Finally we improve application support by a new information-centric paradigm in place of the old host-centric approach. These solutions will embrace the full range of technologies, from fibre backbones to wireless and sensor networks. The 4WARD results will allow new markets to appear, redefining business roles and creating new economic models. We will establish the Future Internet Forum as a leading standards body, enabling these new markets and opening them for old and new players alike, increasing opportunities for competition and cooperation and creating new products and services. These goals can only be achieved by gathering a strong, industry-led consortium of the leading operators, vendors, SME, and research organisations, with the determination, skills, and critical mass to create 52 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS cross-industry consensus and to drive standardisation. The project is designed for multiple phases; the first one will establish the core concepts and technologies and last for two years. The planned effort of about 2200 person months corresponds to the strategic importance of this endeavour. Acron / Ref eMobility / FP7 ICT-2007-241089 Title eMobility Funding EU-FP7 ICT Descript. Investigation of signal processing techniques for 4G MC-CDMA based systems Telecommunications is experiencing major change. Sector actors are searching for new strategies as globalisation, mergers, convergence and new and disruptive technologies happen. The eMobility Technology Platform was formed to address this challenge and has almost 500 members. It has a track record of success in facilitating consensus building. The strategic objective of the eMobility CA project is to facilitate the emergence of a common understanding, between the European sector actors, leading to agreed road-maps and contributing to the global competitiveness of the European telecommunications sector on the following key challenges: the need to integrate the road-maps of the mobile and wireless sector with those of the health, transport and the environment sectors, the need to extend the eMobility Strategic Research Agenda to cover new technologies, the need to support the definition of a European perspective on the Future Internet, positioning these views in the international context, and the need to build the opportunities to use Structural Funds to develop leading edge markets in Europe, promoting the take-up of the RandD output of collaborative projects. The approach is based on the voluntary contributions of FP 7, national, and COST Programmes projects and of eMobility members, to 53 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS the production of a series of recommendations, reports, road-maps and events by the eMobility CA. The eMobility Steering Board has endorsed the proposal. Support has been offered by a range of proposed and existing projects. The eMobility CA project results will highlight the collective recommendations of a representative body of European expertise, on priorities for future multi-sector, mobile, wireless and Future Internet R&D leading to increased momentum, critical mass and effective use of scarce human and time resources in RandD activities. 123 person months of funded effort will require a Community contribution of 1.5 M Euro with 75% funding. Acron / Ref NEWCOM++ / FP7 ICT-2007-216715 Title Network of Excellence in Wireless Communications ++ Funding EU-FP7 ICT Descript. An NoE of medium size, greatly reduced from the initial NEWCOM Consortium, formed by keeping the most committed and performing partners, exploiting the successful integration tools that NEWCOM designed and activated, and which is created for the purpose of scientifically addressing medium/long term, complex, interdisciplinary, fundamental research problems in the field of wireless networks, focused towards identifying, posing in the right modelling perspective, and at least partially characterizing the information-communication theoretical limits of such networks and the algorithmic solutions that make it possible to approach those limits. 54 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref OILSAR / PDCTE/CPS/49967/2003 Title Oil Slick Surveillance Using ASAR and MERIS Dat Funding FCT/ESA Descript. The project aims at improving state-of-the-art oil slick detectors/classifiers by working out the following issues: 1. Combine ASAR and MERIS data to improve the classifier performance. 2. Adopt Bayesian region-based segmentation approaches using Markov Random Fields, leading to effective segmentation of dark regions in SAR images. 3. Use wind information derived from ASAR data and available on the Wave Mode Ocean Wave Spectra (ASA_WVP_2P). 4. Incorporate recent results, according to which high order moments (from the second on) of SAR images are informative with respect to oil/water classification. 5. Adopt Bayesian Networks to fuse ASAR and MERIS data and to build the classifier. Acron / Ref Title GRINFOREST / POSC/EEA-CPS/57481/2004 A generic radio channel model for propagation in inhomogeneous forests at 40 GHz Funding FCT/POSC Descript. This proposal aims to take forward the RET modelling work carried out by the Principal Investigator (PI) under a UK consortium, which identified a number of problems in the estimation and establishment of the input parameters required by the RET model. In addition, this research intends to investigate current approaches and develop new more accurate narrow and wideband channel models through theoretical 55 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS investigations as well as experimental data gathering at 40 GHz in view of BFWA applications. The influence of inhomogeneous vegetation in a cluttered environment with respect to their influence and the radio propagation path as well as their potential origin of interference within networks and onto other networks will be addressed in this program. Both narrow and wideband channel performances and fast fading dynamics of signals propagating through, around or scattered from vegetation will be modelled and included in the prediction tool, as these are critical for quality of service, RF regulation and the assessment of spectrum efficiency. Acron / Ref Title CoLTeMEPAI / POSC/EEA-ESE/55739/2004 Compensation of Long Term Memory Effects in Power Amplifier Intermodulation Distortion Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The main objective of this project is to propose newly design techniques for PA in order to transform a dynamic PA in a memoryless one, mainly by eliminating thermal and/or trapping low frequency behaviour’s. This main goal will be divided into different objectives; first the correct understanding of the thermal and trapping effects on nonlinear intermodulation distortion will be studied. Then with this knowledge some design techniques, based either on PA intrinsic solutions, or on external compensation schemes will be proposed. Finally with these studies in mind, we hope to build a PA without memory effects. 56 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref R-META / POSC/EEA-CPS/61887/2004 Title Reconfigurable Low-profile Antennas Using Metamaterials Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The aim of the project is to design and theoretically characterize reconfigurable metamaterial surfaces that can be used as ground planes for low-profile antennas, although other relevant applications are anticipated. Tunable elements are incorporated into the surface, such as varactor diodes or micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), to allow that the resonance frequency, as well as the effective response of the surface (i.e. the effective boundary condition), can be tuned electronically. Acron / Ref CROSSNET / POSC/EEA-SRI/57503/2004 Title Cross-Layer Design and Network Planning for B3G Systems Funding FCT/POSC Descript. After 3G mobile and wireless systems take-up, the research community is now directing its interest towards unified ways of looking at system design, optimisation, and QoS issues to satisfy the requirements of next generation multi-service mobile and wireless IP-based networks. Their implementation requires the development of IP QoS architectures and mechanisms encompassing the various layers of the OSI Model to cope with the new requirements. The basic idea to be pursued in this project is that QoS provision in wireless networks, will require the joint collaboration among physical, MAC, IP and transport layers; how it may be done, and new definitions of cross-layer protocols are thus important areas for collaborative studying and research. As these multimedia communications systems will be wide- and broadband (with data rates much higher than 3G ones), multi-service, 57 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS and multirate ones, the QoS provision for each service (within different traffic classes), and the identification of suitable schemes to guarantee high capacity in these heterogeneous environments are also of particular concern in this project. To achieve these goals the project is divided into three main areas: - Traffic modelling and QoS, where traffic models appropriate to characterise the different classes of services envisioned for B3G systems are studied. Characterisation parameters and traffic models that accounts for multi-rate applications will be used as an input of the design and optimisation process. - MAC definition and cross-layer design, where the use of the traffic model results, and proposals for architectures using cross-layer information (CLI) to achieve QoS are investigated and assessed. Research work will include the identification and transport of relevant cross-layer information (CLI), the definition of a cross-layer (CL) architecture framework, and Cross-layer strategies between PHY and MAC/RRM. - Network planning and optimisation, which represents the synthesis and integration of the two previous activities by means of performance evaluation (including simulation). Multi-service deployment scenarios, with simultaneous support of multi-rate multimedia applications, provides a framework for possible operation environments. Traffic engineering aspects related to the measurement, modelling, and control of multimedia multi-class traffic (e.g., related with mobile IP and micromobility issues) will also be addressed, as well as novel packet-switched QoS architectures aspects, and their performance. The impact of economic in systems optimisation will also be addressed. Our methodology will be based both in modelling and simulation work but network traffic measurements will also be performed. Finally, it is important to highlight that this research programme is challenging for both IT teams (Covilhã and Aveiro), and does constitute an innovative area of research that will strongly contribute to “all-IP” 58 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS mobile and wireless communications research for B3G systems within Europe. Acron / Ref Title EBGCOM / POSC/EEA-CPS/60170/2004 Electromagnetic bandgap antennas and components for broadband communications Funding FCT/POSC Descript. Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are microwave or millimetrewavescaled counterparts of photonic crystals. These devices are one-, two-, or three-dimensional periodic structures in which propagation of electromagnetic waves is not allowed in some frequency bands or directions. This property can yield microwave devices with new interesting characteristics with direct applications in communication systems, in particular, wireless communications. The main objective of this project is to design, develop and implement novel RF/microwave components based on the EBG technology that find applications in broadband communications. Acron / Ref ARNAGGS / PTDC/EEA-TEL/66918/2006 Title Advanced Receivers and Navigation Algorithms for GPS/Galileo Signals Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The project objectives are to study and develop: a) Algorithms and methods for fast acquisition of weak navigation signals; b) Open-loop tracking architectures alternative to the conventional DLL+PLL, based on stochastic nonlinear filtering. Harsh environments such as indoor reception and use of highly-accelerative platforms will be 59 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS considered; c) Structures and algorithms for advanced multipath mitigation. Alternative solutions to the double-delta correlation, based on the gating concept, will be proposed; d) Coordinated positioning techniques; e) Communication channel models relevant in navigation. A collaboration with Portuguese companies operating in aerospace activities is foreseen. Acron / Ref SARMonitor / PTDC/EEA-TEL/71996/2006 Title Civil Traffic Monitoring Using SAR Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The goal of this project is to develop techniques for spaceborne SAR platforms to automatically extract the parameters of interest for civil traffic monitoring and planning at a continental scale. We also intend to develop a PC application to demonstrate the feasability of traffic monitoring from space borne SAR. Acron / Ref Title PHOTON / PTDC/EEA-TEL/72890/2006 Distributed and Extendible Heterogeneous Radio Architectures using Fibre Optic Networks Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. Microwave power amplifier design methods and technologies for high efficiency and linearity The overall goal is to research, validate and demonstrate RoF as a key technology for dense wireless networks, with proposals for efficient and scalable architectures and enhanced wireless transmission / resource management techniques exploiting 60 the ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS distributed nature of the environment provided by the infrastructure. Specific objectives include: • Research innovative capacity enhancement solutions which will specifically address microscopic and macroscopic diversity concepts using MIMO, intra-system dynamic resource allocation adopting a crosslayer design and interference cancellation • Develop an hybrid (optical- wireless) simulation tool to evaluate the impact of RoF on legacy and future networks. • Implement a prototype including the electro-optic interfaces, remote access units and antenna structures • Develop realistic system level photonic models • Design system interface solutions to evaluate the impact of smart antennas and photonic models on legacy and future networks • Photon Demonstration and optimization resulting in a set of design guidelines Acron / Ref WiFiRx / PTDC/EEA-ELC/64368/2006 Title Double-Band Multi_standard Frequency Front-End for WLAN aplications Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The main objectives of this project are: a) To build a highly integrated CMOS chip capable of receiving the RF signals from the most important WLAN systems in Europe, namely, IEEE 802.11 a/b/g. Encapsulated and naked chips prototypes will be fabricated. The naked chip prototypes will be tested chip-on-board (CoB) and the encapsulated chips will be tested on a test board. b) To gather the individual skills of our team concerning design and test of individual blocks and with those skills build a wider system like a receiver. 61 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS c) To study and solve issues related with design of RF systems on a chip, namely, total power dissipation, occupied area, substrate injected noise, and overall immunity to external and internal spurious signals. For that the use of non-conventional and innovative solutions at block level will be investigated. d) To give the possibility of two PhD and one MSc students to access 0.18um CMOS Mixed Signal / RF technology in their works. The main objective of the principal investigator is to develop an expert team in radio frequency CMOS circuit and system design. The team past experience is mainly at circuits level and with this project we are able to give the next step to a wider system. As a consequence we will be prepared for future demands that certainly will appear taking in mind what is appending at national and international level. Nowadays national companies are interested in RF CMOS communication circuits. For that they are starting collaborations with university and their research institutes. Also a strong demand for RF engineers is felt at a national level. After his PhD, the PI, which in the past worked in GaAs MMICs, moved his research interest to RF integrated circuits in CMOS processes. In his teaching activities he has created a chair about RF CMOS circuits design offered to MSc and PhD courses. In a near future projects, the goal will be the design of a complete transceiver. Acron / Ref Title ModEx / IT/LA/308/2005 This project aims at producing the necessary algorithms and measurement set-ups for establishing a certain behavioral model format of nonlinear dynamic systems found in common wireless likns and its corresponding extraction laboratory bench. Funding IT/LA 62 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Descript. This project aims at producing the necessary algorithms and measurement set-ups for establishing a certain behavioral model format of nonlinear dynamic systems found in common wireless likns and its corresponding extraction laboratory bench. Acron / Ref IRFDCMOS / IT/LA/305/2005 Title Integration of high-frequency dc-dc converters in RF CMOS SoC Funding IT/LA Descript. The main objective of this multi-disciplinary proposal is the development of RF CMOS Systems-on-chip (SoC) including resonant dc-dc converter resorting to low cost CMOS processes. The referred high efficiency converter should be capable of managing the power delivered by rechargeable cells and converting it to suitable voltage levels to supply other SoC functional blocks, namely RF and also sensitive analog blocks. In this fully CMOS compatible monolithic solution, the converter devices are switched above tens or hundreds of MHz, to allow the integration of passive energy storage elements. This will motivate the use of those solutions in a wide range of applications, namely in battery operated portable equipment, like displays, medical portable equipment, and especially in electronic medical body implanted devices, where volume, efficiency and reliability are crucial. Acron / Ref MobileMAN / IT/LA/296/2005 Title Mobile IP for Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks Funding IT/LA Descript. This applied research project intends to design or plan fixed/portable and mobile Wimax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) 63 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS WMANs (Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks), pioneering implemented in Portugal. Besides the benefits of its operation in the context of university, hospital and urban environments it will be very useful for demonstration and research purposes. The project involves five main tasks: 1-Design and Development of IEEE 802.16 Microwave Links for Fixed/Portable Communications. 2- Planning of a Cellular IEEE802.16e for Mobility Support. 3- Network Architectures for Interoperability and Mobile IP between Wifi and WiMax networks. 4- Security for IEEE 802.16. 5-Multimedia Service and Applications for Mobile Platforms. Our methodologies will be based on detailed planning, as well as network implementation, demonstration and validation. Measurements will be performed to evaluate QoS, and help both the dimensioning and the optimisation processes. THE FINAL WORKSHOP WILL BE HELD ON THE 27th SEPTEMBER IN IT/ISCTE, LISBON, PORTUGAL Acron / Ref MuSILAGE / IT/LA/301/2005 Title Multi-sine wave generator Funding IT/LA Descript. By proving that the response’s power spectral densities (output spectra) of an arbitrary (causal, stable and of finite memory) nonlinear dynamic system to two different signals are equal if and only if the two signals have equal higher-order autocorrelations or power spectral density functions, the authors of this proposal have recently established the theoretical framework for the solution of a problem of great engineering significance: How to design a standard signal stimulus – a multi-sine – 64 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS capable of mimicking the test of a nonlinear dynamic system under a pre-determined excitation [1, 2]. Then, they also proposed a numerical method for designing a multi-sine that shows such higher-order statistics, which established the methodology necessary to conceive an “ideal arbitrary waveform generator”. Unfortunately, when these multi-sine signals are to be created by a laboratory instrument, several problems appear which can be traced back to the nonlinear path from the DSP generator to the output of the RF generator itself. As the multi-sine flows through the mixers, amplifiers, and filters, their tones’ amplitudes and relative phases are modified which necessarily impairs the required higher-order signal statistics. If those changes result in mere linear phase shift and amplitude attenuation, then they can be compensated by including that effect in the DSP as a linear equalizer. However, if these effects are nonlinear, then the referred phase shift and attenuation depend on the amplitude of the multi-sine envelope, and a “nonlinear equalizer” (some form of dynamic linearizer) is in order. Acron / Ref PHASE / IT/LA/325/2005 Title Phase Unwrapping: A New Max-Flow/Min-Cut Based Approach Funding IT/LA Descript. Recent results on energy minimization via Graph Cuts have opened the door to a series of advances in low-level image problems such as segmentation, restoration, classification, stereo, and multi-camera scene reconstruction. By exploiting this new energy minimization results, this project aims at conceptual and algorithmic developments in the field of Phase Unwrapping (PU), namely, the following: Conceptual 1. Design exact minimizers for Lp-norm based PU, for p >= 1 65 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2. Design sub-optimal minimizers for Lp-norm based PU, for 0 < p < 1 3. Design new robust clique potentials tailored to PU, based on the Bayesian paradigm 4. Design PU schemes taking advantage of diversity (e.g., space or frequency), i.e., of more than one sources of observed wrapped phase. Algorithmic 1. Develop, in C/C++, efficient Min-Cut/Max-Flow algorithms taking advantage of the graph structure inherent to the problems listed above 2. Develop efficient algorithms implementing the minimizers listed above 3. Develop “real world” application-oriented prototype demonstrators for these algorithms. Acron / Ref SiGeM / IT/LA/304/2005 Title Silicon Germanium MMICs for RF Front End Transceivers Funding IT/LA Descript. Increase the know how and to create efficient tools for a first run realisation of microwave and millimetre wave up to 30GHz, multifunction MMICs with low cost and CMOS compatible SiGe technologies. We will define the maximum usable frequency for each front-end component for the studied SiGe technologies. Acron / Ref MONIT Title Monitoring of Electromagnetic Radiation in Mobile Communications Funding Optimus, TMN, Vodafone Descript. Main objectives: To provide ''public awareness'' information about exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic wave radiation. To perform 66 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS a systematic monitoring of electromagnetic radiation level near mobile communications base station sites all over the country, and to share these results through a dedicated website. Acron / Ref UAV-SAR Title Moving Targets Processing for SAR-carrying UAV’s Funding Portuguese Navy Descript. 1. Optimization of SAR moving target processing for low resource platforms 2. Development of new processing techniques for moving targets with i) Velocity above the Nyquist limit; ii) Extended targets; iii) Non-linear trajectories; 3. Development of a SAR Simulator and processor 4. Dissemination of the project results to the Portuguese Military and to the National Industry Acron / Ref LOOP/ CP4-016 Title Coexistence and Optimization for LTE-RAN and WAN Funding Telesal Descript. a) Network Discovery, Session Management and Roaming to allow the end-user to maintain session continuity whilst roaming between operators and wireless technologies. b) Ad-Hoc Networking for Relay-based Cell Coverage Extension will extend wireless and mobile coverage providing enhanced QoS delivery, and extended service delivery to remote, and fringe users. c) Dynamic Spectrum Allocation for Heterogeneous Networks to investigate the opportunistic use of licensed spectrum by secondary 67 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS systems to optimize utilization of scarce spectral resources. d) Intra-System Optimization to maximize network utilization by exploring the application of a cross-layered protocol architecture. 68 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 4.1.5 Running and Concluded Theses Final Year Projects Supervisor Student CoSupervisors Title End Date Escalonamento de Tráfego de 2/ Tempo Real em redes celulares 2007 UMTS HSDPA Plataforma de Aquisição e Rafael Sérgio Morgadinho 2/ Tratamento de Dados de Caldeirinha Rebelo 2007 Sonda de Canal Rádio Francisco Bruno Manuel AKPIS (A presentation Key 7/ Cercas Gomes Miranda Performance Indicator) 2007 AKPIS (A presentation Key 7/ Francisco Rodrigo Manuel Performance Indicator) 2007 Cercas Salgado Gonçalves Francisco Maria Inês Ribeiro Building a VoIP-Based Telco 7/ Cercas Mota using IPv6 2007 Francisco Sandro Emanuel Building a VoIP-Based Telco 7/ Cercas Landeiro Braz using IPv6 2007 Francisco Ivo Daniel Carreira Building a VoIP-Based Telco 7/ Cercas de Abreu using IPv6 2007 Caracterização Experimental Armando 7/ Nuno Miguel Melo Susana Mota do Canal Rádio Móvel para Rocha 2007 Sistemas MIMO João Nuno 7/ Pedro Nunes CW Doppler Radar Matos 2007 Desenvolvimento de um Armando 7/ Susana Coutinho Susana Mota Simulador do Canal Rádio Rocha 2007 Móvel para Sistemas MIMO Annibali Giuseppe Francisco Design and Simulation of a 7/ (Italian Erasmus Cercas UWB System 2007 Student) Development, testing and Cláudio Valério Simulation of a Point-toFernando J. 7/ Botão Comissário multipoint WiMAX Velez 2007 da Silva Communication System at 3.5 GHz Armando Pedro Oliveira Estudo e projecto de um radar 7 / Rocha Nunes Doppler CW 2007 Rafael Caldeirinha Norberto Monteiro e Maximino Peralta José Rocha Pereira João Vitor Ferreira Microstrip antenna simulator based in the FDTD method 7/ 2007 69 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor CoSupervisors Student José Rocha Pereira Francisco Cercas Armando José Pereira Cavaleiro João Paulo Tavares Fontes Frade Francisco Cercas Ricardo Filipe Santos Lopes Francisco Cercas Tiago André Jacinto Costa Fernando J. Alberto Segarra Velez Martinez Mário Silveirinha Tiago André Nogueira Morgado/ João Tiago de Figueiredo e Costa Fernando J. Hélder Alves Velez End Date Mobile antenna for in-motion 7 / TV reception 2007 Planning and Optimization of a 7 / 3G Network 2007 Remote Access System for 7/ controlling an Satellite Earth 2007 Station 7/ Siebel/CRM for TV Cabo 2007 System capacity and tele7/ traffic simulation for WiFi, 2007 WiMAX and UMTS coexistence Transmissão e compressão de 9/ ondas electromagnéticas através de materiais 2007 microestruturados Impact of QOS in the Planning 7 / of Mobile WiMAX 2008 Title Table 13 – List of Final Year Projects running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2007 MSc Theses Supervisor Student CoSupervisors Title End Date António Navarro Marco Paulo Carvalho Ribeiro dos Santos Codificação de Vídeo MPEG-4 em FPGA 1/ 2007 José Carlos Pedro Hugo Miguel Santos Teixeira Extracção de Modelos NãoLineares de Circuitos de Comunicações 3/ 2007 António Rodrigues Nuno Manuel de Matos Correia Cruz Pratas Performance of Data Services 3/ over Enhanced UMTS Networks 2007 António Navarro Marina Mota Physical Layer of IEEE 16e 3/ 2007 Custódio Peixeiro Carlos Mendes Radiation Efficiency of Small Printed Antennas 5/ 2007 70 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Student CoSupervisors Title End Date Nuno Borges Sérgio Pires Carvalho Impact of non-ideal channels in 6 / UWB Systems 2007 Armando André Pires Rocha Nuno Borges Rui Estanqueiro Carvalho Santos Nujoma Sancho José Rocha Quaresma Pereira Agostinho Receptor de Dois canais para Balizas de Satélite Study of nonlinear impact in modulated signals Comparison between the MoM and the FDTD method in the simulation of antennas Development of a software package based on the LabView tool for the control of an antenna radiation pattern measurement facility Fixed Unity for a DSRC/RTTT system José Rocha Pereira José Carlos Fernandes Sousa João Nuno Matos Ricardo Abreu Ricardo Luis Martins de Sousa António Piotr Aleksander Alves Moreira Makal Pedro Pedrosa Luís M. Correia Michal Mackowiak Fernando Nunes Adriano Solimeno Rui Dinis António Henrique Alves Moreira Fernandes Fernando Teresa de Nunes Sousa António Sara Susana da Alves Moreira Fonseca Nunes António Topa Rita Filipa Cabeças Lapa 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 Software para Detector Sincrono 7 / de Balizas de Satélite 2007 Armando Rocha Fernando Nunes 6/ 2007 6/ 2007 Carlos Paiva UWB Antennas for Wireless 7/ Applications 2007 Estimation/Detection Techniques for Block Transmission in Highly 9 / Dispersive Channels with Carrier 2007 Frequency Offset Geometrically Based Multiple 9/ Bounce MIMO Channel Model 2007 Low-Cost INS/GPS Data Fusion 9/ with Extended Kalman Filter for 2007 Airborne Applications Development of Software for 10 / Antenna Analysis and Design 2007 using FDTD Error Analysis in GNSS 10 / Receivers 2007 A Compact Antenna for WLAN 11 / applications 2007 Álgebra Geométrica do Espaço Euclidiano: Aplicação a Meios Anisotrópicos 11 / 2007 71 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Student CoSupervisors António Topa Marisa Nunes Gomes Carlos Paiva António Topa Sérgio Manuel Simões Elias Carlos Paiva Cátia Ducéria António Topa Oliveira Marques Ivo Luís de la António Cerda Garcia e Rodrigues Sousa Nuno Parente António Topa Coutinho Martins Carlos Carla Medeiros Cardoso Fernandes Pedro António Gonçalves Rodrigues Pimentel João Carlos João Vaz Pataca Vinagre Carlos Cardoso Ridwan Nabi Fernandes João Vaz João Vaz Luís M. Correia Francisco Cercas Luís M. Correia Luís M. Correia Fernando J. Velez Carlos Paiva Title Álgebra Geométrica do Espaço Euclidiano: Aplicação a Meios Quirais e Omega Introdução Geométrica à Mecânica Quântica: Átomo de Hidrogénio e Oscilador Harmónico Introdução Geométrica à Mecânica Quântica: Poços Unidimensionais 11 / 2007 11 / 2007 11 / 2007 Location in Cellular Mobile Systems 11 / 2007 Propagação Guiada em Meios Metamateriais 11 / 2007 Jorge Reconfigurable Antennas Using Rodrigues da MEMS Costa 11 / 2007 Simulation of a UWB Sensor Network 11 / 2007 5GHz CMOS power amplifier 12 / 2007 Jorge Active Multi-Band Antenas for Rodrigues da Mobile Communication Systems Costa Class E monolhitic CMOS power Sérgio Romba amplifier Vitor Manuel de CMOS synthesizer for WLAN Oliveira Fialho applications Comparison between UMTS and Luis Salvado WiMax in Mobility Scenarios José António Design and Application of a New Pereira Velez Bluetooth Wireless Network Impact of HSDPA Mónica Antunes Implementation on Coverage and Capacity in UMTS networks Impact of HSUPA Pedro Baptista Implementation on Coverage and Capacity in UMTS networks Rui Manuel F. Pedro Costa End Date 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 Mobile IP in Broadband Wireless 12 / Metropolitan Area Networks 2007 72 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Student Fernando Nunes Teresa Ferreira Luís M. Correia João Lopes Nuno Borges Manuel Baptista Carvalho Nuno Borges José Pedro Carvalho Borrego Nuno Borges Carvalho Luís M. Correia Carlos Cardoso Fernandes Pedro Prata Daniel Sebastião CoSupervisors End Date Multipath Mitigation Techniques 12 / for GNSS Signals 2007 Performance Analsyis of UMTS 12 / HSDPA/HDUPA at the Cellular 2007 Level Identification of Modulated 1/ Signals from Spectrum and Time 2008 Waveforms PAssive Intermodulation in 1/ Wireless Communication 2008 Scenarios RFID for Warehouses 1/ applications 2008 Algorithms for QoS in WiFi 3/ Networks 2008 Title Jorge 3/ Rodrigues da Development of RFID Antennas 2008 Costa Influence on capacity of Luís M. 3/ Luis Gonçalves interference in UMTS under Correia 2008 simultaneous FDD and TDD Performance Analsyis of WiMax Luís M. 3/ David Antunes 802.16e Networks for Different Correia 2008 RRM Algorithms Luís M. Gonçalo Performance Analysis of Fully 3/ Correia Carpinteiro Wireless WiFi Networks 2008 Aurora Vera do António 3/ Performance of UMTS900 Espírito Santo Rodrigues 2008 Costa da Silva Carlos António João Pedro 3/ Cardoso Simulation of a WiMAX Network Rodrigues Barata da Eira 2008 Fernandes UWB Antennas Analysis and 3/ António Nuno Pires Technics 2008 Alves Moreira Carlos Jorge Very Compact Integrated Lens 3/ Ivo Rego Cardoso Rodrigues da Antennas for Quasi-Optical 2008 Fernandes Costa Applications Raul Carvalho Algorithms for RF-based location 4 / Luís Cruz determination 2008 Morgado Luís M. Correia Tatiana Fernandes Telmo Baptista Capacity increase in UMTS/HSPA 4/ through the use of MIMO 2008 systems 73 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Student Luís M. Correia Armando Marques Carlos Cardoso Fernandes António Varela CoSupervisors Title Modelling of building height interference dependence in UMTS Jorge RF Propagation in Complex Rodrigues da Environments for Wireless Costa, Systems Filipe Miguel António Topa Coelho Entradas Carlos Paiva Pereira da Silva Duarte Manuel António Topa Carlos Paiva Esteves Estrada Nuno Borges Jorge Joaquim Carvalho Machado Nuno Borges Pedro Miguel Gonçalo Martins Carvalho Cabral Nuno Borges Ruben Ferreira Carvalho Nuno Borges Pedro Miguel Sónia Luís Carvalho Cabral Nuno Borges Pedro Cruz Carvalho Nuno Borges Bruno Gaspar Carvalho Nuno Borges Pedro Miguel Pedro Sá Carvalho Cabral Daniel Filipe José António Pereira Sanguino Rodrigues Albuquerque dos Santos Periodic Structures with Metamaterials End Date 4/ 2008 4/ 2008 5/ 2008 5/ 2008 6/ ADC's for high PAPR 2008 Co-location of Wireless Systems 6 / in a Mobile Infrastructure 2008 6/ Epistemic Radios 2008 6/ Military Wireless Interference 2008 Nonlinear Distortion in ADC 6/ Systems 2008 6/ PAPR in 3.5G Systems 2008 Project of a Satellite Payload RF 6 / front end 2008 Quantum Well Lasers Cell Identification Techniques for 7 / Coordinated Positioning 2008 Fernando J. Velez Jorge Miguel da Silva Tavares Armando Rocha Paula Mourato José Sanguino Armando Rocha Paulo Eduardo António Paulino Rodrigues Pedro Miguel da Silva Gaspar Development, Simulation and Validation of MAC and Routing 7 / 2008 Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Directional Mobile Channel 7/ Characterization for Mobile Communications Using the SAGE 2008 Algorithm Dynamic Positioning of a 7/ Floating Production System 2008 Earth-Satellite Propagation 7/ Models at Ka-Band 2008 José Sanguino Filipe do Vale Pires Tocha GPS Based Coordinated Positioning System António Rodrigues 7/ 2008 74 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor José Sanguino António Rodrigues Fernando J. Velez António Rodrigues António Rodrigues Fernando J. Velez António Rodrigues Armando Rocha Student João Pedro Carvalho António Rodrigues Oliveira de Miranda Reis Tiago Alexandre Sequeira Rebelo Cláudio Valério Botão Comissário da Silva João Daniel Guerreiro Nobre Frederico Miguel de Melo Santos Luís Rodrigues Pedro Cardoso Ferreira Marco Araújo Fernando J. Velez Daniel Robalo Armando Rocha Nuno Balula de Almeida João Vaz André Barata Fernando Nunes Valter Matos Paulo Marques Rui Leitão João Costa Freire João Vaz Paulo Marques CoSupervisors José Mascarenhas Carlos André Faria Calisto Duarte Carona António Navarro João Vaz Title GPS Compass Hierarchical Cell Structure in UMTS Systems Influence of MAC Protocols and of the Optimisation of Service Quality in Mobile WiMAX Planning Interference in UMTS Systems MBMS over cooperative networks Optimisation of the Frequency Planning for Terrestrial Digital TV in Portugal Performance oo HSPA in confined environments Planeamento de cobertura em redes celulares de banda larga Planning, Development and Optimisation of WIMAX Networks Tools for Evaluation Performance and Comparison of MIMO Channel Propagation Models Design and test of RF passive structures in integrated silicon technologies Error Characterization and Analysis of Techniques for Its Mitigation in GPS/Galileo Estratégias para sincronismo de receptores digitais baseados em OFDM End Date 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 Mobile television integrated circuits 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 Monitorização de Tráfego Terrestre utilizando SAR 9/ 2008 Microwave active filter 75 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor João Vaz João Vaz Paulo Marques João Vaz Francisco Cercas CoSupervisors Student Jorge Manuel Rodrigues Simões Armindo António Barão da Silva Pontes Adérito Cardoso Diogo Alexandre Lázaro Calado Rui Grencho Américo Alexandre Correia Farias Luís M. Sara Duarte Correia António Nuno Sérgio Alves Moreira Goulão do Serro Luís M. Correia Luís M. Correia Mário Silveirinha Ricardo Preguiça Filipe Leonardo José Luís F. M. Trindade Title End Date Monolhitic linear power amplifier 9 / for mobile communications 2008 Monolithic switched power amplifier for mobile communications Vigilância da Costa Marítima utilizando Radar de Abertura Sintética 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 Wideband integrated circuits 9/ 2008 Wi-Fi analysis and test 9/ 2008 Analysis of technologies for Long 11 / Term Evolution in UMTS 2008 Compact Multiband Antennas for 11 / Mobile terminals 2008 Comparison between 11 / UMTS/HSPA+ and WiMax/IEEE 2008 802.16e in mobility scenarios Statistical radio channel model 11 / for MIMO systems 2008 Design of artificial impedance 12 / surfaces 2008 Table 14 – List of MSc Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2007 PhD Theses Supervisor Student José Carlos Pedro Pedro Miguel Ribeiro Lavrador Rafael Caldeirinha Telmo R. Fernandes CoSupervisors Miqdad ALNuaimi Title End Date On the Study of Impairments 5/ Caused By 2007 Nonlinearities on Wireless Systems A discrete RET Model for Millimetre-Wave 6/ Propagation 2007 Through Vegetation in SubUrban Macro Cells 76 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Student CoSupervisors Title End Date José Neves Manuel Dinis Broadband Mobile 12 / Communications 2007 Francisco Cercas Alexandre Manuel de Castro Passos de Almeida Efficient receiver 1/ for UWB using TCH 2008 codes António Navarro João Tavares José Bioucas Dias Janete Borges Rafael Caldeirinha Huajiang Cui António Alves Moreira Jerzy Guterman Optimal sourcechannel coding and 4/ modulation for 2008 digital terrestrial TV Hyperspectral 6/ Image 2008 Classification Development of reliable Phase Function 9/ Jurgen Richter measurements for 2008 input parameter estimation of the RET Custódio Peixeiro Maria João Rosário Fernando dos Fernando Santos Azevedo Fortes António Rodrigues Pedro Manuel de Maria Paula Almeida Queluz Carvalho Vieira Maria João Rosário Luís Miguel João Vaz Moreira Mendes Francisco Cercas Pedro Joaquim Amaro Sebastião Multiband Printed Antennas for Mobile terminals Integrated Receiver in CMOS technology Capacity Enhancement of Wireless Communications Systems Using MIMO Techniques CMOS selfoscillator mixer for 5GHz applications Improved simulation tecnhiques for wireless communications 10 / 2008 11 / 2008 12 / 2008 12 / 2008 12 / 2008 77 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Student José Bioucas Dias Sonia Pelizzari José Leitão Fernando Sousa Armando Rocha Susana de Jesus Mota José Carlos Pedro Jorge dos Santos Freitas de Oliveira Américo Correia Alberto Amaral Lopes Luís M. Correia António Serrador José Bioucas Dias Gonçalo Valadão António Rodrigues Nuno António Fraga Juliano Cota Francisco Cercas Marco Alexandre Cravo Gomes CoSupervisors Title End Date Oil Slick Surveillance Using 12 / ASAR and MERIS 2008 Data Open loop structures in 12 / digital 2008 receivers:Software Radio Approach Propagation Modelling for MIMO Channels 12 / 2008 Análise de Comportamentos 7/ Muli-Ritmo em 2009 Sistemas Electrónicos Capacityapproaching codes 7/ with low 2009 implementation complexity Common Radio Resource Management in 7/ Integrated 4G 2009 Mobile Communication Systems Absolute Phase 12 / Estimation 2009 Automatic Radio 12 / Resource Management for 2009 4G Networks Bandwidth Effitient Multiple Access Using Magnitude Modulation and TCH Codes (cosupervision) 12 / 2009 78 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Fernando J. Velez Carlos Paiva Carlos Paiva Nuno Borges Carvalho Carlos Paiva Nuno Borges Carvalho Luís M. Correia Luís M. Correia Student CoSupervisors Title End Date Cross-layer Design for Interoperability Optimisation of Orlando Manuel 12 / Mobile Brito Cabral 2009 Communication Systems Beyond 3G Electromagnetic wave propagation in complex media Sérgio Almeida 1/ Afonso Barbosa and Matos 2010 metamaterials: A geometric algebra approach Electromagnetic wave propagation in multilayered João Carlos periodic structures 1 / Roquete Fidalgo Afonso Barbosa 2010 and photonic Canto crystals containing complex media and metamaterials Estudo de Efeitos João Paulo 1/ de Memória em Martins 2010 Sistemas/Circuitos Geometric foundations of Marco Alexandre 1/ electromagnetism: Ribeiro 2010 Theory and applications Interference Hugo Cravo Rafael 6/ Minimization in RF Gomes Caldeirinha 2010 Front-ends Common Radio Resource 7/ Luísa Caeiro Filipe Cardoso Management in 2010 Heterogeneous Networks Lúcio Ferrreira Radio Resources Management in Wireless Mesh Networks 7/ 2010 79 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Fernando Nunes Fernando J. Velez Fernando J. Velez Luís M. Correia Mário Silveirinha Mário Silveirinha João Costa Freire Student CoSupervisors Title Model-based Algorithms for Nuria Blanco Acquisition and Delgado Tracking in GNSS Receivers Cross-layer João Miguel dos Optimisation of Santos Mercante Routing Protocols Ferro for Wireless Sensor Networks MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Luís Miguel António Sérgio Networks in a Moreira Borges Lebres Context of Coexistence MIMO in Body Carla Oliveira Area Networks Microstructured João Tiago de High Impedance Figueiredo e Antenna Costa Substrates Subwavelenth Tiago André Imaging with Nogueira Microstructured Morgado Materials Modelling of Mário Jorge Passice Structures Pedro Santos Simão de on Silicon Assunção Technologies End Date 9/ 2010 12 / 2010 12 / 2010 7/ 2011 10 / 2011 10 / 2011 12 / 2011 Table 15 – List of PhD Theses running in the Wireless Communications Area during 2007 80 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 4.1.6 Publications Antennas Papers in Journals Costa, J.R.; C. A. Fernandes; "Broadband Slot Feed for Integrated Lens Antennas", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 6, No. -, pp. 396 - 400, September, 2007. Gandara, T; R. Urban; L. Fregoli; C. Peixeiro; "Planar Inverted-F Antennas Integrated into Small Multi-Standard Handsets", Automatika, Vol. 45, No. 12, pp. 45 - 52, September, 2007. Guterman, J.; C. Peixeiro; A. A. Moreira; "Omnidirectional Wrapped Microstrip Antenna: Concept, Integration and Applications", Frequenz, Vol. 61, No. 3-4, pp. 78 - 83, April, 2007. Oliveira, C.O.; D. Sebastião; G.C. Carpinteiro; L. M. Correia; C. A. Fernandes; A. Serralha; N. Marques; "The monIT Project: Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Assessment in Mobile Communications", IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 44 - 53, February, 2007. Papers in Conference Proceedings Guterman, J.; A. A. Moreira; C. Peixeiro ; Y. Rahmat-Samii; "Electromagnetic Human Interaction with ISM 2.4GHz Laptop Antennas", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, November, 2007. Oliveira, C.O.; C. A. Fernandes ; L. M. Correia ; "Estimation of Exclusion Zones for Base Station Antennas in Wireless Communication Systems", Proc URSI Seminar of the Portuguese Committee, Lisboa, Portugal, November, 2007. 81 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Costa, J.R.; C. A. Fernandes ; "Integrated Imaging Lens Antenna with Broadband Feeds", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, November, 2007. Mendes, C.M.; C. Peixeiro ; "Radiation Efficiency of Several Handset Antennas Obtained with a Modified Wheeler Cap Method", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, November, 2007. Mendes, C.M.; C. Peixeiro ; "Theoretical and Experimental Validation of a Generalized Wheeler Cap Method", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, November, 2007. Oliveira, C.O.; D. Ladeira ; D. Sebastião ; L. M. Correia ; "Updated Results from the Electromagnetic Fields Monitoring Programme of the monIT Project", Proc Jornadas de Protecção contra Radiações, Lisboa, Portugal, November, 2007. Leal, M.; C. Boaventura ; A. A. Moreira ; "UWB Slot Antenna on a Folded Finite Ground Plane", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, November, 2007. Oliveira, C.O.; C. A. Fernandes ; L. M. Correia ; "Estimation of Exclusion Zones for Base Station Antennas in Wireless Communications Systems", Proc IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Baltimore, MD, United States, October, 2007. Peixeiro, C.; "Integration Effects of Multiple Microstrip Patch Antennas into Small Handsets", Proc IEEE AFRICON Conference in Africa, Windhoek, Namibia, September, 2007. Guterman, J.; A. A. Moreira; C. Peixeiro; Y. Rahmat-Samii; "User Interaction with Inverted-F Antennas Integrated into Laptop PCMCIA Cards 82 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS (invited paper)", Proc International Conf. on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications - ICECOM, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Vol. 1, pp. 27 - 30, September, 2007. Guterman, J.; Y. Rahmat-Samii ; A. A. Moreira ; C. Peixeiro ; "Radiation from Commercially Viable Antennas for PCMCIA Cards Housed in Laptops", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, Budapest, Hungary, July, 2007. Fernandes, C. A.; J.R. Costa ; M. Vorst ; "Design of a Shaped Double-Shell Lens Feed for a Quasi-Optical Reflector System", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, United States, June, 2007. Guterman, J.; D. W. Browne ; Y. Rahmat-Samii ; A. A. Moreira ; C. Peixeiro; "Design of Integrated Antenna Arrays for MIMO Enabled Laptops", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, United States, June, 2007. Medeiros, C. R.; J.R. Costa; C. A. Fernandes; Kolundzija; "MEMS Reconfigurable Antenna Patch Antenna Analysis Using WIPL-D", Proc International Symp. on RF MEMS and RF Microsystems, Barcelona, Spain, Vol. 1, pp. 67 - 70, June, 2007. Browne, D. W.; J. Guterman ; Y. Rahmat-Samii ; M. P. Fitz ; "Performance of Integrated Antenna Arrays for MIMO Enabled Laptops", Proc IEEE APS/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, United States, June, 2007. Peixeiro, C.; "Small Ground Plane Size Effects on Microstrip Patch Antennas Revisited", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 2821 - 2824, June, 2007. Leal, M.; C. Boaventura; A. A. Moreira; "An Optimized Printed Slot Antenna Design for UWB Applications", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. 83 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Guterman, J.; Y. Rahmat-Samii ; A. A. Moreira ; C. Peixeiro ; "Back-toback E-shaped Patch Antenna: Integration of Novel Dual-band Quasiomnidirectional Radiator into Laptops", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 37 - 40, May, 2007. Oliveira, C.O.; C. A. Fernandes; L. M. Correia; "Estimation of Exclusion Zones for Base Station Antennas,", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 17 - 20, May, 2007. Medeiros, C. R.; A. Castela; J.R. Costa; C. A. Fernandes; "Evaluation of Modelling Accuracy of Reconfigurable Patch Antennas", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 13 - 16, May, 2007. Guterman, J.; A. A. Moreira; C. Peixeiro; "Omnidirectional Wrapped Microstrip Antenna: Concept, Integration Issues and Applications", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 33 - 36, May, 2007. Medeiros, C. R.; J.R. Costa; C. A. Fernandes; Kolundzija; "Modelling of a MEMS Reconfigurable Antenna Using WIPL-D", Proc ESA Antenna Workshop on Multiple Beam and Reconfigurable Antennas, Noordwijk, Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 369 - 372, April, 2007. Browne, D. W.; J. Guterman; M. P. Fitz; Y. Rahmat-Samii; "Experimental Validation of Capacity Preserving Design for MIMO Arrays (Invited Paper)", Proc International Workshop on Antenna Technology - IWAT, Cambridge, United Kingdom, March, 2007. Guterman, J.; Y. Rahmat-Samii ; A. A. Moreira ; C. Peixeiro ; "Radiation Pattern of a 2.4/5.2GHz Laptop Internal Antenna: Near Field Spherical Range Measurements and Full Wave Analysis (Invited Paper)", Proc 84 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS International Workshop on Antenna Technology - IWAT, Cambridge, United Kingdom, March, 2007. Projects Reports Guterman, J.; C. Peixeiro; A. A. Moreira; "Report on Latest Developments and Design Guidelines", Instituto Superior Técnico, Antenna Centre of Excellence, December, 2007. Peixeiro, C.; C.M. Mendes; "Small Antenna Technologies - Guidelines for small antenna design and recommendations for measurements", IST, ACE, December, 2007. Circuits And Devices Papers in Journals P.M. Santos; "Perfluorocyclobutane electronic state spectroscopy by high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption, electron impact, He I photoelectron spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations", Physical Review A, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 032509 -1 - 032509 -11, September,2007. Finco, S.; B. Borges; P.M. Santos; "Smart Power Integrated Circuit Educational Tool", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 1290 - 1303, July, 2007. Martins, J.; NBC Carvalho; J. C. Pedro; "Intermodulation Distortion of Third-Order Nonlinear Systems With Memory Under Multisine Excitations", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., Vol. 55, No. 6, pp. 1264 - 1271, June, 2007. Zhu, A.; J. C. Pedro; T. Cunha; "Pruning the Volterra series for behavioral modeling of power amplifiers using physical knowledge", IEEE 85 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 813 - 821, May, 2007. Aguiar, R. L.; L. Alves; "A Time-Delay Technique to Improve GBW on Negative Feedback Amplifiers", International Journal of Communication Systems, January, 2007. Santos, P.M.; V.C. Costa; M. Gomes; B. Borges; M. Lança; "High-Voltage LDMOS Transistors Fully Compatible with a Deep Submicron 0.35 um CMOS Process", Microelectronics Journal, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 35 - 40, January, 2007. Papers in Conference Proceedings Torres, J.; J.M.C.V. Vaz ; J. Costa Freire ; "30GHz Amplifiers with 0.25ƒÝm SiGe BiCMOS", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, marrakesh, Morocco, December, 2007. Mendes, L.M.; E. S. Pires Pires; J.M.C.V. Vaz ; M. J. Rosário; "A HighPerformance Digitally Controlled LC Oscillator for Ku-Band Applications", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, Marrakech, Morocco, December, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; F. Fortes; M. J. Rosário; "A New On-Chip CMOS Active Balun Integrated With LNA", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Integrated Systems - ICECS, Marrakesh, Morocco, December, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; F. Fortes; J.M.C.V. Vaz; M. J. Rosário; "A Wideband CMOS LNA Integrated with Balun and Linear Digital Gain Control", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Integrated Systems - ICECS, Marrakesh, Morocco, December, 2007. 86 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Mendes, L.M.; E. S. Pires Pires; J.M.C.V. Vaz; M. J. Rosário; "An Evolutionary Synthesis Algorithm to Design Optimum Performance CMOS RFSSCAs", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, Marrakech, Morocco, December, 2007. Garcia, J. A.; P. M. Cabral ; J. C. Pedro ; "Characterizing the Vdd-to-AM and Vdd-to-PM Nonlinearities in a GaN HEMT Class E Power Amplifier", Proc International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology ISMOT, Rome, Italy, December, 2007. Cabral, P. M.; J. C. Pedro ; NBC Carvalho ; "GaN Model Robustness from an IMD point of view", Proc International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology - ISMOT, Rome, Italy, December, 2007. Cabral, P. M.; J. C. Pedro ; J. A. Garcia ; "Intermodulation Distortion in Polar Transmitters", Proc International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology - ISMOT, Rome, Italy, December, 2007. Torres, J.; J. Costa Freire ; "SiGe:C BiCMOS Monolithic Millimeter Wave Integrated Circuits", Proc Conf. on Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems, Sevilha, Spain, November, 2007. Pires, E. S. Pires; L.M. Mendes ; P. B. Oliveira ; J. A. Machado ; N. M. Ferreira ; J.M.C.V. Vaz ; M. J. Rosário ; "Single-Objective MaxMin Sorting Scheme: Application International Conf. to on Radio Electrical Frequency Circuit Engineering, Design", Coimbra, Proc Portugal, November, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; F. Fortes; J.M.C.V. Vaz; M. J. Rosário; "A 1.7V Wideband CMOS Low Noise Amplifier with Linear Digital Gain Control", Proc International Microwave and Optics Conf., Salvador BA, Brazil, October, 2007. 87 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Pedro, J. C.; "A New Time-Domain Simulation Method for Highly Heterogeneous RF Circuits", Proc European Microwave Conf. - EMC, Munich, Germany, Vol. 1, pp. 363 - 366, October, 2007. Torres, J.; J. Costa Freire; "Broad band Amplifier up to 30GHz with 0.25um SiGe technology", Proc International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC, Salvador, Brazil, Vol. I, pp. 166 169, October, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; F. Fortes; M. J. Rosário; "Monolithic Active Balun Integrated with a 2.4 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier", Proc International Microwave and Optics Conf., Salvador BA, Brazil, October, 2007. Fager, C.; P.M.L. Lavrador; A. Zhu; J. C. Pedro; "System Level Modelling of RF Power Amplifiers Based on Large-Signal Measurements", Proc European Microwave Conf. - EMC, Munich, Germany, Vol. 1, pp. 131 134, October, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; F. Fortes; M. J. Rosário; "A 2.4GHz CMOS Balun/LNA for IEEE 802.11b/g WLAN Transceiver", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Design and Technology of Integrated Systems in Nanoscale Era - DTIS, Rabat, Morocco, September, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; M. J. Rosário; F. Fortes; J.M.C.V. Vaz; "A Dual-Band 1.7V CMOS Variable Gain Low Noise Amplifier", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Design and Technology of Integrated Systems in Nanoscale Era DTIS, Rabat, Morocco, September, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; F. Fortes; M. J. Rosário; "CMOS Active-Balun Integrated with Low-Noise Amplifier for IEEE 802.11b/g /2.4GHz WLAN Transceiver", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Athens, Greece, September, 2007. 88 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Mendes, L.M.; E. S. Pires Pires; J.M.C.V. Vaz; M. J. Rosário; "Automated Design of Radio-Frequency Single-Ended Switched Capacitor Arrays using Genetic Algorithms", Proc Midwest Symp. on Circuits and Systems, Montréal, Canada, August, 2007. Cunha, T.; J. C. Pedro; P. M. Cabral; A. Zhu; "General nonlinear feedforward RF model for power amplifiers", Proc IEEE International Microwave Theory and Tech. Symp., Honolulu, United States, 2027 2030, June, 2007. Azevedo, A.F.; F. Fortes; M. J. Rosário; "A 2.4GHz Monolithic Singleended-Input/Differential-Output Low-Noise Amplifier ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Cabral, P. M.; J. C. Pedro; NBC Carvalho; "GaN Model Robustness from an IMD point of view", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, 177 - 180, May, 2007. Pedro, J. C.; P. M. Cabral ; J. A. Garcia ; "Nonlinear Distortion Analysis of Polar Transmitters", Proc IEEE International Microwave Theory and Tech. Symp., Honolulu, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 957 - 960, May, 2007. Cunha, T.; P. M. Cabral ; J. C. Pedro ; "Power amplifier feed-forward model derived from physical behavior", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Torres, J.; J. Costa Freire ; "SiGe Inductorless Low Noise Amplifiers up to 30GHz", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, LIsbon, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 133 - 136, May, 2007. Neves, R.; J.G. Guilherme; N.H. Horta; "Using Attack Injection toDesigning Reconfigurable Multi-Standard Analog Baseband Front-End for 4G Mobile Terminals: System Level Design Discover New 89 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vulnerabilities", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. I, pp. 1 - 4, May, 2007. Mendes, L.M.; J.M.C.V. Vaz; M. J. Rosário; "Wide Tuning Band Low Phase Noise LC Voltage Controlled Oscillators Designed in Low Cost CMOS Technologies", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Bergano, JB; L. Cupido; D. Barbosa; R. Fonseca; DMS Santos; "Design of an IF Section for a Galactic Emission Mapping experiment", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. I, pp. 69 - 72, April, 2007. Physical Modelling And Wave Propagation Characterization Papers in Journals Silveirinha, M.; "Generalized Lorentz-Lorenz formulas for microstructured materials", Physical Review B, Vol. 76, No. 245117, pp. 1 - 9, December, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; N. Engheta; "Theory of Supercoupling, Squeezing Wave Energy, and Field Confinement in Narrow Channels and Tight Bends Using Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials", Physical Review B, Vol. 76, No. 245109, pp. 1 - 17, December, 2007. Matos, S.A.; M. A. Ribeiro; C. R. Paiva; "Anisotropy without tensors: a novel approach using geometric algebra", Optics Express, Vol. 15, No. 23, pp. 15175 - 15186, November, 2007. Belov, P. A.; C.R. Simovsky; Ikonen; M. Silveirinha; Hao; "Image Transmission with Subwavelength Resolution in Microwave, Terahertz, 90 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS and Optical Frequency Bands", Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 1009 - 1022, September, 2007. Thurai, M.; V. Bringi; A. Rocha; "Specific Attenuation and Depolarization in Rain from 2-Dimensional Video Disdrometer Data", IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 373 - 380, June, 2007. Pellegrino, L.; Vieira; A.T. Teixeira; P.S André; P. Monteiro; "Simulation of integrated devices based on BPM", Annals of Telecommunications, Vol. 62, No. 5-6, pp. 653 - 662, May, 2007. Alù, A; M. Silveirinha; A. Salandrino; N. Engheta; "Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) Metamaterials and Electromagnetic Sources: Tailoring the Radiation Phase Pattern", Physical Review B, Vol. 75, No. 155410, pp. 1 - 13, April, 2007. Pinho, P.T.; M. D. Domingues; P. Ferreira ; S. Gomes; A. Gomide ; J. R. Pereira; "InterpolatingWavelets and Adaptive Finite Difference Schemes for Solving Maxwell’s Equations:The Effects of Gridding", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 1013 - 1022, March, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; A Alù; N. Engheta; "Parallel-Plate Metamaterials for Cloaking Structures", Physical Review E, Vol. 75, No. 036603 , pp. 1 16, March, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; C. A. Fernandes; "Transverse Average Field Approach for the Characterization of Thin Metamaterial Slabs", Physical Review E, Vol. 75, No. 036613, pp. 1 - 17, March, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; N. Engheta; "Design of matched zero-index metamaterials using nonmagnetic inclusions in epsilon-near-zero media", Physical Review B, Vol. 75, No. 075119, pp. 1 - 10, February, 2007. 91 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Silveirinha, M.; "Metamaterial Homogenization Approach with Application to the Characterization of Microstructured Composites with Negative Parameters", Physical Review B, Vol. 75, No. 115104, pp. 1 - 15, February, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; P. A. Belov; C.R. Simovsky; "Subwavelength imaging at infrared frequencies using an array of metallic nanorods", Physical Review B, Vol. 75, No. -, pp. 035108 (1-12) -, January, 2007. Papers in Conference Proceedings Vieira, P. Vieira; M.P. Queluz ; A. J. Rodrigues ; "An Improved Directional Channel Model over Irregular Terrain and Clutter", Proc International Symp. on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications WPMC, Jaipur, India, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, December, 2007. "Preliminary Measurements and Plans for MIMO Channel Modelling", Proc E-Activity and Leading Technologies - E-ALT, Porto, Portugal, December, 2007. Mota, S.M.; F.P.F. Perez-Fontan ; A. Rocha ; "Preliminary Measurements and Plans for MIMO Channel Modelling", Proc E-Activity and Leading Technologies - E-ALT, Porto, Portugal, December, 2007. Rebelo, S. Morgadinho; R.F.S. Caldeirinha ; I. Cuinas ; M. Sanchez ; "A Reduced Markov Channel Modelling of Vegetation in the Forward Scattering Region at 40 GHz", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, November, 2007. Belov, P. A.; M. Silveirinha ; C.R. Simovsky ; Hao ; "Imaging with superresolution in terahertz and infrared ranges", Proc Frontiers in Nanophotonics and Plasmonics, S. Paulo, Brazil, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, November, 2007. 92 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Rocha, A.; R. Teixeira ; "Ka band Scintillation Results: Meteorological Dependencies and Modelling", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Edimburgh, United Kingdom, November, 2007. Fernandes, T.R.; R.F.S. Caldeirinha ; M. AL-Nuaimi ; J. Richter ; "Modelling Radiowave Propagation through Vegetation media: a Comparison between the RET and dRET models", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, November, 2007. Matos, S.; F. Cardoso ; R.F.S. Caldeirinha ; M. Antunes ; "Sistema Distribuído de Teleportagem Virtual", Proc Conf. da Engenharia UBIEngenharias, Covilhã, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, November, 2007. Mackowiak, M.; B.W.M. Kuipers ; L. M. Correia ; "Understanding Geometrically Based Multiple Bounce Channel Models", Proc European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, November, 2007. Matos, S.A.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "A Coordinate-Free Approach to a Pseudochiral Omega Medium", Proc Metamorphose International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics - METAMATERIALS, Rome, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 45 - 45, October, 2007. Ribeiro, M. A.; electromagnetism International C. using Congress R. Paiva; "An geometric on Advanced equivalence algebra", Proc Electromagnetic principle for Metamorphose Materials in Microwaves and Optics - METAMATERIALS, Rome, Italy, October, 2007. Canto, João R.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Bloch Waves with Negative Phase Velocity in Multilayered Structures Containing Uniaxial Chiral Media", Proc Metamorphose International Congress on Advanced 93 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics - METAMATERIALS, Roma, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 226 - 229, October, 2007. Engheta, N.; A Alù ; M. Silveirinha ; J. Li ; A. Salandrino ; Edwards ; "Metamaterials for Optical Nanocircuits, Cloaking, Squeezing Light, and Supermicroscopy", Proc Metamaterials Congress, Rome, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 594 - 597, October, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; N. Engheta; "Squeezing Obliquely-Incident Electromagnetic Waves through Subwavelength Regions or Openings Using Epsilon-Near-Zero Materials", Proc Metamaterials Congress, Rome, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 568 - 570, October, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; P. A. Belov ; C.R. Simovsky ; "Subwavelength imaging at infrared frequencies using an array of metallic nanorods", Proc Metamaterials Congress, Rome, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 553 - 554, October, 2007. Vieira, P. Vieira; M.P. Queluz ; A. J. Rodrigues ; "Terrain and Clutter Impact on Joint Statistical Properties of Azimuth Spread and Delay Spread in Macro-cell Bad Urban Environment", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Wireless Communication Systems - ISWCS, Trondheim, Norway, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, October, 2007. Vieira, P. Vieira; M.P. Queluz ; A. J. Rodrigues ; "A Dynamic Propagation Prediction Platform over Irregular Terrain and Buildings for Wireless Communications", Proc IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Baltimore, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, September, 2007. "A Dynamic Propagation Prediction Platform over Irregular Terrain and Buildings for Wireless Communications", Proc IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. , Baltimore, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, September, 2007. 94 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vieira, P. Vieira; M.P. Queluz ; A. J. Rodrigues ; "Clustering of Scatterers over an Irregular Clutter Environment: An Extension of COST 273 MIMO Channel Model", Proc IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. , Baltimore, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, September, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; A Alù ; N. Engheta ; "IR and Optical Cloaking with Metamaterials with Plasmonic Implants: Theory and Simulations", Proc OSA Frontiers in Optics, San Jose, CA, United States, Vol. 1, pp. FTHU4 FTHU4, September, 2007. Rocha, A.; R. Teixeira ; "Overview of 3 Year Results of a Ka-band EarthSatellite Propagation Campaign", Proc Ka and Broadband Communications Conf., Turin, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 177 - 182, September, 2007. Pellegrino, L.; P. Monteiro ; R. A. Sá Ferreira ; L Carlos ; Vicente ; P.S André ; "Modal analysis of organic-inorganic hybrid planar waveguides for integrated optics", Proc SPIE Optics and Photonics, San Diego, United States, August, 2007. Engheta, N.; A Alù ; M. Silveirinha ; J. Li ; A. Salandrino ; Edwards ; "Plasmonic Metamaterials: The Tale of two Phenomena", Proc SPIE Optics and Photonics, San Diego, CA, United States, Vol. 6638, pp. 4 - 4, August, 2007. Topa, A.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Proper Leaky Modes in DNG Ridge Waveguides", Proc Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symp. PIERS, Prague, Czech Republic, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, August, 2007. Rebelo, S. Morgadinho; R.F.S. Caldeirinha ; I. Cuinas ; M. Sanchez ; "A Statistical Radio Channel Model for Vegetation Dynamic Effects at 40 GHZ", Proc International Symp. on Performance Evaluation of Computers and Telecommunications Systems - SPECTS, San Diego, California, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, July, 2007. 95 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Silveirinha, M.; N. Engheta ; "Artificial Plasma with Effective EpsilonNear-Zero (ENZ) for Tunneling and Squeezing Electromagnetic Waves through 3D-narrow channels", Proc URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Ottawa, Canada, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, July, 2007. Canto, João R.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Multilayered Structures Containing Isotropic Chiral Media: Bloch Waves with Negative Phase Velocity and Forbidden Bands", Proc URSI International Symp. in Electromagnetic Theory, Ottawa, Canada, July, 2007. Matos, S.A.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "New Approach on the Electromagnetics of a Moving Chiral Media", Proc URSI International Symp. in Electromagnetic Theory, Ottawa, Canada, July, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; N. Engheta ; "Tunneling of Electromagnetic Waves through Channels Filled with Low-Epsilon Anisotropic Materials ", Proc URSI International Symp. in Electromagnetic Theory, Ottawa, Canada, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, July, 2007. Cuinas, I.; A. V. Alejos ; M. Sanchez ; P. Gómez ; R.F.S. Caldeirinha ; "Wind Effect on the Scattering from Vegetation at Cellular Phone Frequencies", Proc IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp.- IGARSS, Barcelona, Spain, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, July, 2007. Ribeiro, M. A.; S.A. Matos ; C. R. Paiva ; "A geometric algebra approach to anisotropic media", Proc International Symp. on Antennas and Propagation - ISAP, Hawaii, United States, June, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; A Alù ; N. Engheta ; "Anti-Phase Plasmonic and/or Metamaterial "Satellites" for Induced Transparency and Cloaking", Proc OSA Photonic Metamaterials: From Random to Periodic (OSA topical meeting), Jackson Hole, WY, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, June, 2007. 96 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Topa, A.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Dispersive Leaky-Mode Propagation in Metamaterial Nonradiative Dielectric Waveguides", Proc IEEE APS/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, June, 2007. Engheta, N.; A Alù ; M. Silveirinha ; "Metamaterials for Transparency and Total Scattering Reduction", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, HI, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 4985 - 4986, June, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; C. A. Fernandes ; "Realization of Low Profile HighImpedance Surfaces Using an Array of Densely Packed Crossed Metallic Wires", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, HI, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 1337 - 1340, June, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; N. Engheta ; "Squeezing Electromagnetic Energy Through Narrow 3-D Coaxial Channels of Arbitrary Shape Filled with Epsilon-near-Zero Materials", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp., Honolulu, HI, United States, Vol. 1, pp. 3316 - 3319, June, 2007. Rebelo, S. Morgadinho; R.F.S. Caldeirinha ; I. Cuinas ; M. Sanchez ; "A Multistate Markov Channel Modelling of Vegetation Dynamics at 40 GHz", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, May, 2007. Ferreira, L. S.; B.W.M. Kuipers ; C. Rodrigues ; L. M. Correia ; "Characterisation of Signal Penetration into Buildings for GSM and UMTS", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Vieira, P. Vieira; M.P. Queluz ; A. J. Rodrigues ; "Clustering of Scatterers in Mobile Radio Channels - An Approach for Macro-cell Environment over Irregular Terrain", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, May, 2007. 97 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Matos, S.A.; C. R. Paiva ; João R. Canto ; A. Barbosa ; "Complex Waves in a Grounded Bianisotropic Slab with Omega Inclusions", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 97 - 100, May, 2007. Ribeiro, M. A.; C. R. Paiva ; "Electromagnetic wave transmission into a moving dielectric half-space: positive and negative refraction", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Kuipers, B.W.M. ; L. M. Correia ; "Evalution of the Relative MIMO Gain", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, May, 2007. Canto, João R.; C. R. Paiva ; S.A. Matos ; A. Barbosa ; "Leaky wave propagation in a uniaxial chiroslabguide", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 41 - 44, May, 2007. Fernandes, T.R.; R.F.S. Caldeirinha ; M. AL-Nuaimi ; J. Richter ; "Parameter extraction and sensitivity analysis for the discrete RET model for radiowave propagation in inhomogeneous forests", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 1, May, 2007. Topa, A.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Propagation Analysis of Chiral HGuides", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 5 - 8, May, 2007. Belov, P. A.; Hao ; M. Silveirinha ; C.R. Simovsky ; "Subwavelength imaging at microwave terahertz and infrared frequencies", Proc Days on Diffraction, S. Petersburg, Russia, Vol. 1, pp. 16 - 16, May, 2007. Rosa, R.; P. Oliveira ; A. Topa ; C. A. Fernandes ; "Visualization Tool for the Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves", Proc Conf. on 98 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 93 - 96, May, 2007. Ribeiro, M. A.; C. R. Paiva ; "A spacetime algebra approach to isotropic moving media", Proc Encuentro Ibérico de Electromagnetismo Computacional - EIEC , Aiguablava, Spain, April, 2007. Topa, A.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Assessment of the Effective Index Method in the Analysis of DNG Metamaterial Waveguides", Proc Encuentro Ibérico de Electromagnetismo Computacional - EIEC , Barcelona, Spain, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, April, 2007. Matos, S.A.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Effect of Dispersion on a Moving DNG Medium", Proc Encuentro Ibérico de Electromagnetismo Computacional - EIEC , Aiguablava, Spain, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, April, 2007. Pinho, P.T.; "Ferramenta pedagógica FDTD", Proc Encuentro Ibérico de Electromagnetismo Computacional - EIEC , Barcelona, Spain, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, April, 2007. Canto, João R.; C. R. Paiva ; A. Barbosa ; "Forbidden bands in periodic multilayered structures containing DNG media", Proc Encuentro Ibérico de Electromagnetismo Computacional - EIEC , Aiguablava, Spain, April, 2007. Silveirinha, M.; "New Homogenization Approach for the Numerical characterization of Periodic Microstructured Metamaterials", Proc Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational - ACES, Verona, Italy, Vol. 1, pp. 215 - 220, March, 2007. Kuipers, B.W.M. ; L. M. Correia ; "The Relative MIMO Gain", Proc COST 2100-Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless Communications, Lisbon, Portugal, February, 2007. 99 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Engheta, N.; M. Silveirinha ; A Alù ; A. Salandrino ; J. Li ; "ENZ Nanometamaterials for Optical Nanocircuits, Squeezing Light, and Rerouting Energy", Proc NanoMeta, Tirol, Austria, Vol. 1, pp. 39 - 39, January, 2007. System Planning And Radio Resource Management Papers in Journals Cabral, O.; A. S. Martinez; F. J. Velez; "Event-Driven Simulation for IEEE 802.11e Optimization", IAENG International Journal of Computer Science (IJCS), December, 2007. Garcia-Lozano, M.; L. Alonso; F. Casadevall; S. Boqué; L. M. Correia; "Enhanced Analysis of WCDMA Networks with Repeaters Deployment", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 6, No. 9, pp. 3429 - 3439, September, 2007. Papers in Conference Proceedings Kuipers, B.W.M. ; A. Serrador Serrador ; L. M. Correia ; "Impact of MIMO Systems on CRRM in Heterogeneous Networks", Proc European Microwave Week/European Microwave Conference, Munich, Germany, October, 2007. Marques, M.; J. Ambrósio ; C. Reis ; D. Robalo ; F. J. Velez ; R. Costa ; J. Riscado ; "Design and Planning of IEEE 802.16 Networks", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun PIMRC , Athens, Portugal, September, 2007. Serrador, A. Serrador; L. M. Correia ; "Policies for a Cost Function for Heterogeneous Networks Performance Evaluation ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun PIMRC , Athens, Greece, September, 2007. 100 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Serrador, A. Serrador; L. M. Correia ; "A Cost Function for Heterogeneous Networks Performance Evaluation Based on Different Perspectives", Proc Information Society Technologies Conf., Budapest, Hungary, July, 2007. Cabral, O.; A. S. Martinez ; F. J. Velez ; "Simulation of IEEE 802.11e in the context of interoperability", Proc International Association of Engineers (IAENG) World Congress on Engineering - WCE, London, United Kingdom, July, 2007. Serrador, A. Serrador; Heterogeneous Networks L. M. Correia Performance ; "A Cost Evaluation", Function Proc Conf. for on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Marques, M.; J. Ambrósio ; C. Reis ; F. J. Velez ; R. Costa ; J. Riscado ; "Design and Implementation of IEEE 802.16 Radio Links with Relays", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Esteves , H.; M. Pereira ; L. M. Correia ; C. Caseiro ; "Impact of Intraand Inter-Cell Interferences on UMTS-FDD", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Ladeira, D.; P. Costa ; L. M. Correia ; L. Santo ; "Planning of UMTS Cellular Networks for Data Services Based on HSDPA", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 323 - 326, May, 2007. Velez, F. J.; P. Sebastião ; R. Tomé ; R. Costa ; D. Robalo ; A. Grilo ; A. J. Rodrigues ; F.C. Cercas ; "User capacity based planning tool for Wi-Fi and WiMAX networks", Proc WEIRD Workshop on Wimax, Wireless and Mobility, Coimbra, Portugal, May, 2007. 101 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Velez, F. J.; F. Merca ; N. Anastácio ; O. Cabral ; "Cost/Revenue Optimisation of Multi-service Cellular Planning for City Centre E-UMTS", Proc IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Dublin, Ireland, April, 2007. Esteves , H.; M. Pereira; L. M. Correia; C. Caseiro; "Impact of Intra- and Inter-Cell Interferences on UMTS-FDD", Proc European Wireless - EW , Paris, France, April, 2007. Ladeira, D.; P. Costa ; L. M. Correia ; L. Santo ; "Planning of UMTS Cellular Networks for Data Services Based on HSDPA", Proc European Wireless - EW , Paris, France, April, 2007. Transmission And Reception Systems Papers in Journals Dias, J.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; "A New TwIST: Two-Step Iterative Shrinkage/Thresholding Algorithms for Image Restoration", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, December, 2007. Silva, M.; A. Correia; R. Dinis ; "Wireless Systems On transmission techniques for multi-antenna W-CDMA systems", European Transactions on Telecommunications, Vol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1252, No. published via unpaginated EarlyView®, pp. published via unpaginated EarlyView® published via unpaginated EarlyView®, November, 2007. Souto, N.S.; F.C. Cercas; R. Dinis ; J. C. Silva; "On the BER Performance of Hierarchical M-QAM Constellations with Diversity and Imperfect Channel Estimation", IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 1852 1856, October, 2007. Souto, N.S.; F.C. Cercas; R. Dinis ; J. C. Silva; A. Correia; "Transmitter/Receiver Method for Supporting Hierarchical Modulations in 102 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS MBMS Transmissions", Wireless Personal Communications Journal, September, 2007. Nunes, F.; F. Sousa; J. Leitão; "Gating Functions for Multipath Mitigation in GNSS BOC Signals", IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 1 - 12, July, 2007. Chatzigeorgiou, I; M. Rodrigues ; I. J. Wassell; R Carrasco; "Comparison of convolutional and turbo coding schemes for broadband FWA systems", IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 494 - 503, June, 2007. Adeane, J.; M. Rodrigues ; I. J. Wassell; "Lattice-reduction-aided detection for MIMO-OFDM-CDM communication systems", IET Communications, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 526 - 531, June, 2007. Correia, A.; J. C. Silva; N.S. Souto; "Multi-Resolution Broadcast/Multicast Systems for MBMS", IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 224 - 234, March, 2007. Dias, J.; G. Valadão; "Phase Unwrapping via Graph Cuts", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 698 - 709, March, 2007. Silva, J.; N.S. Souto; F.C. Cercas; R. Dinis ; A. J. Rodrigues; A. Correia; "Equalization Based Receivers for Wideband MIMO/BLAST Systems", Wireless Personal Communications Journal, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 291 - 304, February, 2007. Adeane, J.; M. Rodrigues ; I. J. Wassell; "Centralised and distributed power allocation for co-operative networks", IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 39 - 40, January, 2007. Souto, N.S.; J. C. Silva; F.C. Cercas; A. Correia; A. J. Rodrigues; "Low rate convolutional and turbo codes based on non-linear cyclic codes", Wireless 103 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Communications and Mobile Computing - Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 23 - 34, January, 2007. Papers in Conference Proceedings Gomes, M.; G. Falcão Fernandes; V. Silva; V. F. Ferreira; A. S. Sengo; Falcão; "Flexible Parallel Architecture for DVB-S2 LDPC Decoders", Proc IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM, Washington DC, United States, November, 2007. Souto, N.S.; R. Dinis; J. C. Silva; "Iterative Decoding and Channel Estimation of MIMO-OFDM Transmissions with Hierarchical Constellations and Implicit Pilots", Proc IEEE IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication - ICSPC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, November, 2007. Souto, N.S.; R. Dinis; J. C. Silva; "Efficient Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems with Hierarchical Constellations", Proc IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies - ISCIT, Sydney, Australia, October, 2007. Monteiro, F. A.; I. J. Wassell; "Euclidean Distances in Quantized Spaces with Pre-stored Components for MIMO Detection", Proc European Conf. on Wireless Technology - ECWT, Munich, Germany, Vol. 1, pp. 150 - 153, October, 2007. Monteiro, F. A.; I. J. Wassell; "Progressive Hypercube Decoding", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Wireless Communication Systems - ISWCS, Trondhein, Norway, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 5, October, 2007. Nunes, F.; F. Sousa; J. Leitão; "Nonlinear Least-Squares Algorithm for Close-in Multipath Mitigation in GNSS Receivers", Proc Institute of Navigation GPS/GNSS Conf., Fort Worth, United States, Vol. I, pp. 1 - 9, September, 2007. 104 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Dias, J.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; "Two-step algorithms for linear inverse problems with non-quadratic regularization", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing - ICIP, Texas, United States, September, 2007. Marques, P.; I. D. Dias; E. F. Fernandes; "A Low Cost Testbed for Synthetic Aperture Techniques", Proc IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp.- IGARSS, Barcelona, Spain, Vol. CD-ROM, July, 2007. Monteiro, F. A.; I. J. Wassell; "Efficient Scalar Quantization for MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Receivers", Proc International Symp. on Communication Theory and Applications - ISCTA, Ambleside, Lake Disctrict, United Kingdom, July, 2007. Borges, J.; J. Dias; "Evaluation of bayesian hyperspectral imaging segmentation with a discriminative class learning", Proc IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp.- IGARSS, Barcelona, Spain, July, 2007. Souto, N.S.; "Joint Detection and Channel Estimation for OFDM Signals with Implicit Pilots", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, Budapest, Hungary, July, 2007. Souto, N.S.; R. Dinis; J. C. Silva; "Supporting M-QAM Hierarchical Constellations in HSDPA for MBMS", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, Budapest, Hungary, July, 2007. Borges, J.; J. Dias; A. Marçal; "Bayesian Hyperspectral Image Segmentation with Discriminative Class Learning"", Proc Iberian Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Girona, Spain, June, 2007. Silva, A. ; A. Gameiro ; "Comparison of Single and Multi-User Pre-Filtering Techniques Using Different Chip Mapping for DL MC-CDMA Systems ", Proc 105 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing for Advanced Wireless Communications - SPAWC, Helsinquia, Finland, June, 2007. Gomes, M.; G. Falcão Fernandes; V. Silva; V. F. Ferreira; A. S. Sengo; Falcão; "Factorizable modulo M parallel architecture for DVB-S2 LDPC decoding", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Nunes, F.; J. Leitão; F. Sousa; "Improving Pseudorange Estimation in GNSS Receivers with a Recursive Bayesian Approach", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 4, May, 2007. Souto, N.S.; R. Dinis; J. C. Silva; F.C. Cercas; A. Correia; "Supporting Hierarchical Modulations in HSDPA for MBMS Transmissions", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, May, 2007. Marques, P.; I. D. Dias; E. F. Fernandes; "An Experimental Synthetic Aperture Sonar Platform", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 621 - 624, April, 2007. Marques, P.; A. Ferreira; "Long Distance Real-Time Echo Cancellation", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol. 1, pp. 597 600, April, 2007. Project Reports Monteiro, F. A.; "Detection Techniques for Multiple-input Multiple-output Spatial Multiplexing - PhD Registration Report", University of Cambridge, March, 2007. 106 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 4.1.7 Other Achievements Awards Fernandes, T.R.; R.F.S. Caldeirinha; M. AL-Nuaimi; J. Richter; " Modelling Radiowave Propagation through Vegetation media: a comparison between RET and dRET models ", Best Propagation Poster Prize at EuCAP 07 European Conference on Antennas and Propagation - 11 - 16 November 2007, EICC, Edinburgh, UK , 01-11-2007. Monteiro, F. A.; " Best Paper Award (Conference Prize) at the European Conference on Wireless Technology 2007 ", Prize given by the European Microwave Association during the European Microwave Week 2007, Munich, Germany , 01-10-2007. Oliveira, C.O.; " Estimação de Zonas de Exclusão para Antenas de Estação Base em Sistemas de Comunicação sem Fios ", Prémio Inovação Jovem Engenheiro 2006 - Menção Honrosa , 01-10-2007. Guterman, J.; " BEST STUDENT PAPER PRIZE ", The Best Student Paper Prize awarded for the paper entitled “Back-to-back E-Shaped Patch: Integration of a Novel Dual-Band Quasi-Omnidirectional Antenna into Laptops” at the 6th Conference on Telecommunications - ConfTele 2007, Peniche, Portugal, 9-11 May, 01-05-2007. Pedro, J. C.; " IEEE Fellow Member ", In January 2007 he was elected, by the Board of Directors of the IEEE, IEEE Fellow Member for his outstanding contributions to nonlinear distortion analysis of microwave devices and circuits, 01-01-2007 . 107 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Miscellaneous Caldeirinha, scattering R.F.S.; from T.R. Fernandes; vegetation: " modelling Seminars ", Electromagnetic including DRET models for applications in present and future wireless communication systems", University of Glamorgan , 01-11-2007. Cabral, O.; A. S. Martinez; F. J. Velez; " Seminars ", Simulation of IEEE 802.11e in the context of interoperability ", COST290 – Traffic and QoS Management in Wireless Multimedia Networks , 01-10-2007. Ferro, J.M.; L. Borges; F. J. Velez; A. Lebres; " Seminars ", Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks ", COST2100 – Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications , 01-09-2007. Marques, M.; J. Ambrósio; C. Reis; D. Robalo; F. J. Velez; R. Costa; J. Riscado; " Seminars ", Design and Planning of IEE 802.16 Networks ", COST2100 – Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications , 01-092007. Velez, F. J.; P. Sebastião; " Invited Talks ", Design and Planning of WiMAX Networks (MobileMAN) ", Workshop Mobile WiMAX – Towards Ubiquitous Internet, 01-09-2007. Cabral, O.; A. S. Martinez; F. J. Velez; " Seminars ", Simulation of IEEE 802.11e in the context of interoperability ", COST2100 – Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications, 01-09-2007. Caldeirinha, R.F.S.; " MSc Thesis Jury ", MSc of Rui Filipe Oliveira Teixeira ", University of Aveiro, Portugal , 01-07-2007. Pereira, J. R.; " National Delegate ", COST Action IC0603 ‘ASSIST - Antenna Systems & Sensors for Information Society Technologies’ ", , 01-05-2007 . 108 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Velez, F. J.; " MSc Thesis Jury ", Plataforma de Simulação para Sistemas Rádio Oportunistas ", defendida com sucesso pelo licenciado Artur de Oliveira Pereira na Universidade de Aveiro , 01-03-2007 . Marques, P.; " Invited Talks ", Radar de Abertura Sintética - Princípios e Aplicações ", Semana Informática - ISEL , 01-03-2007 . Tavares, J.; F. J. Velez; J.M. Ferro; " Seminars ", Application of Wireless Sensor Networks to the Automobile ", 6º Seminário da RTCM – Rede Temática de Comunicações Móveis, Aveiro, PT Inovação, 16 de Fevereiro de 2007, 01-02-2007 . Tavares, J.; F. J. Velez; J.M. Ferro; " Seminars ", Application of Wireless Sensor Networks to the Automobile ", COST2100 – Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications, 01-02-2007. Marques, M.; J. Ambrósio; C. Reis; D. Robalo; F. J. Velez; R. Costa; J. Riscado; " Seminars ", Design and Implementation of IEEE 802.16 Radio Links with Relays ", COST2100 – Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications , 01-02-2007 . Valero, J.; R. R. P. Paulo; F. J. Velez; " Seminars ", Event-based Simulation for Multi-Rate Multi-Service Traffic Validation in ", COST2100 – Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications , 01-02-2007 . Anastácio, N.; F. Merca; O. Cabral; F. J. Velez; " ", QoS Metrics for CrossLayer Design and Network Planning for B3G Systems ", COST Action 2100 Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications , 01-02-2007. 109 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 4.1.8 Other Contributions Conference Committees Mobile WiMAX - Towards Ubiquitous Internet, Organizing Committee, Luís Ducla Soares, 01-01-2007; International Symp. on Wireless Communication Systems - ISWCS, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-10-2007; International Conf. on Wired/wireless Internet Communications - WWIC, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-05-2007; WEIRD Workshop on Wimax, Wireless and Mobility, Organizing Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-05-2007; International Conf. on Wireless Information Networks and Systems Winsys, Sessions Chairman , Rafael Caldeirinha, 01-07-2007; Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Sessions Chairman , Rafael Caldeirinha, 01-05-2007; Mosharaka International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing - M-WCMC, Technical Programme Committee, José Sanguino, 01-01-2007; European Microwave Week/European Microwave Conference, Sessions Chairman , Nuno Borges Carvalho, 01-01-2007; European Conf. on Antennas & Propagation - EUCAP, Sessions Chairman, Jorge Rodrigues da Costa, 01-01-2007; International Conference Signal, Image and Speech Processing - SISPIC, Technical Programme Committee, Mário Marques Silva, 01-01-2007; IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. , Technical Programme Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-04-2007; International Association of Engineers (IAENG) World Congress on Engineering WCE, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-01-2007; Broadband Wireless Access Workshop - BWA, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-01-2007; Broadband Wireless Access Workshop - BWA, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-01-2007; 110 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Broadband Wireless Access Workshop - BWA, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando J. Velez, 01-01-2007; International Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Scientific Committee, João Costa Freire, 01-01-2007; 3nd International Symposium on Visual Computing - ISVC07, Technical Programme Committee, José Bioucas Dias, 26-11-2007; ConfTele07 – 6th Conference on Telecommunications, Organizing Committee, Rafael Caldeirinha, 03-05-2007; International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - ICIAR 2007, Technical Programme Committee, José Bioucas Dias, 22-08-2007; VII Mediterranean Microwave Symposium, Scientific Committee, João Costa Freire, 04-11-2007; WINSYS-2007 conference – the International Conference on Wireless, Conference Chairman, Rafael Caldeirinha, 28-07-2007; Editorial Committees Journal of Communications and Networks , ETRI, Luís M. Correia, Associated Editor, 01-05-2007 to. 111 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 4.2 Optical Communications 4.2.1 Coordinators Adolfo Cartaxo José Ferreira da Rocha 4.2.2 Human Resources Overview Degree Aveiro Coimbra Lisboa Full Professor 2 0 0 Associate Professor 1 1 2 Assistant Professor 6 1 4 Post. Doc. 4 0 0 Visiting Professor 1 0 0 PhD Student 13 3 4 MSc Student 0 3 0 Graduate 2 0 0 29 8 10 TOTAL Table 16 – Overview of human resources in the Optical Communications Area 113 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Permanent Collaborators Name Degree Position Group João Lemos Pinto Agregação Full Professor OC – Av José Ferreira da Rocha Agregação Full Professor OC – Av Adolfo Cartaxo Agregação Associate Professor OC – Lx Jorge Torres Pereira Agregação Associate Professor EOC - Lx Carlos Ferreira Fernandes Agregação Assistant Professor EOC - Lx Henrique Silva PhD Associate Professor OC – Co Paulo Monteiro PhD Associate Professor OC – Av António Teixeira PhD Assistant Professor OC – Av Armando Nolasco Pinto PhD Assistant Professor EOC - Av João Rebola PhD Assistant Professor OC – Lx João Pires PhD Assistant Professor OC – Lx José Morgado PhD Assistant Professor OC – Lx Manuel Violas PhD Assistant Professor OC – Av Mário Lima PhD Assistant Professor OC – Av Rui Sousa Ribeiro PhD Assistant Professor OC – Av Paulo Jorge Marques PhD Assistant Professor OC - Av Paulo André PhD Pos. Doc. EOC - Av Paulo Brandão Moreira PhD Pos. Doc. OC – AV 114 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Name Degree Position Group Rogério Nogueira PhD Pos. Doc. EOC - Av Ruben Soares Luis PhD Pos.Doc OC - Av Table 17 – Permanent Collaborators working in the Optical Communications Area Other Collaborators Name Degree Position Group Hypolito José Kalinowsky PhD Visiting Professor EOC - Av João da Silva Pereira MSc Assistant Professor OC – Co António Jorge Morgado MSc PhD Student OC – Av Berta Neto MSc PhD Student EOC - Av Daniel Fonseca MSc PhD Student OC – Lx Claunir Pavan MSc PhD Student EOC - Av João Manuel Pedro MSc PhD Student OC – Lx Lara Pellegrino MSc PhD Student EOC - Av Luís Cancela MSc PhD Student OC – Lx Luís Carlos Gonçalves MSc PhD Student OC – Av Mário Rui Leiria MSc PhD Student OC – Lx Marek Hajduczenia MSc PhD Student OC – Co Meire Fugihara MSc PhD Student OC – Av 115 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Name Degree Position Group Miguel Ângelo Madureira MSc PhD Student OC – Av Natasa Pavlovic MSc PhD Student OC – Lx Nelson Jesus Muga MSc MSc Student EOC - Av Rui Meleiro MSc PhD Student EOC - Av Sílvia Pato MSc PhD Student OC – Co Tiago Silveira MSc PhD Student OC - Av Ana Patrícia S. Ferreira Graduate PhD Student OC – Av José Filipe Pina Graduate PhD Student OC – Co Sérgio Junior Graduate PhD Student OC – Av Luis Batista Sá Graduate MSc Student OC – Co Mário Reis Graduate MSc Student OC – Co Cláudio Lima Graduate Researcher OC – Co José Miguel Santos Graduate Teresa Almeida Graduate Researcher Researcher OC – Av EOC - Av Table 18 – Non-permanent Collaborators working in the Optical Communications Area 116 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 4.2.3 Summary of Research Achievements In the following, the achievements in the Optical Communications area are grouped, under three sub-areas: - Optical Components and Subsystems - Optical Communication Systems - Optical Networking. Optical Components and Subsystems The work carried out in this sub-area concentrated on the specification, simulation, manufacturing, performance evaluation, optimization and implementation of key components and subsystems for all-optical networks. Simulation models based on the transfer matrix method have been applied to the study of non-conventional DFB laser diodes as far as the mode selectivity is concerned. Moreover, an analysis based on matrix techniques was extended to asymmetrical structures taking into account the several physical parameters that describe the laser structure. The studies aimed at to optimize, in a self-consistent way, different modified DFB laser structures (phase-shift PS, distributed coupling coefficient DCC, chirped pulse modulated CPM) suitable for single longitudinal mode operation. The analysis and simulation of semiconductor PIN photodiodes continued. Based on previous work, the effects of the direction of incident light on the transit time frequency response of p-i-n photodiodes was investigated. The implemented model may be applied to devices with an arbitrary electric field profile in the absorption region and non-uniform illumination. It is seen that better bandwidths are obtained when the light is incident on the p side and that the bandwidth values calculated with the saturation velocity values are underestimated and overestimated for light incident on the p and n side respectively. The effect of the reverse bias voltage on the bandwidth is seen to be more important when the light is incident on the p side and also for devices with larger absorption region widths. 117 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS The activities realized in the integrated optics topic are the following. The permanent recording of periodic structures in gamma-ray irradiated LiF crystals has been realized by low-power illumination, with a continuous laser at 244 nm and a standard phase mask. This allows us to produce micro-patterns structures with refractive index and gain modulation periodicity comparable with the optical signals wavelengths. The same recording technique (UV laser and phase mask or Talbot interferometer) was used to record Bragg gratings in optical fibres. The developed devices (filters and optical cavities) were used for advanced all-optical signal processing in high bit rate optical communications, such as wavelength conversion, all-optical clock recovery and pulse formatting. Fibre Bragg gratings were also implemented as optical sensors for the monitoring of dynamic (acceleration) and static (deformation) characteristics of smart structures, biomaterials and civil engineering structures. The work produced in the area of new materials for integrated optics has resulted in the production of sol-gel based subtracts with buried planar and linear waveguides. These studies have centered in the production of new low cost solutions for the implementation of large spread optical technology. The Raman amplification topic work has centered in the challenges, achievements, and perspectives of Raman amplification for optical communication systems. In Raman amplified systems, signal amplification is based on stimulated Raman scattering, thus the peak of the gain is shifted by approximately 13.2 THz with respect to the pump signal frequency. The possibility of combining many pumps centred on different wavelengths brings a flat gain in an ultra wide bandwidth, overcoming the limitation of the traditional optical amplification techniques based on Erbium doped fiber amplifiers. The main achievements can be summarized as follows: i) low cost Raman amplifier based on incoherent pumping sources; ii) flexible algorithm for pump allocation; iii) demonstrator of a Raman amplifier baser on Rayleigh backscattering and optical cavities; iv) modeling of transient effects in Raman amplifiers and v) low cost and very large broadband amplifier for CWDM transmission systems. The investigation of the use of Raman amplification in metropolitan and access networks has been initiated. 118 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS In the topic of optical signal formatting, we have achieved the implementation of an all optical DSB to SSB transponder at 40 Gbit/s. In the area of quantum communications, we succeeded in generating and detecting single photons. The generation process was based on four-wave mixing in optical fibres. We initiated also studies towards the generation of single photons using colour defects in diamond nano-particles. The generation and detection of single photons represents the first step toward the implementation of optical quantum communication systems. We intend also to use the photon quantum nature to achieve secure communications over fibre. Optical Communication Systems Advanced modulation formats were studied from various points of view. Several structures of optical single sideband (OSSB) transmitters were compared and optimized numerically. The use of electrical pre-compensation of dispersion and of adjustable electrical simultaneous compensation of group velocity dispersion and differential group delay in optical single sideband transmission systems were investigated numerically. Several signaling formats (duobinary, duobinary carriersuppressed and alternate mark inversion), suitable for long-haul ultra-dense WDM (UDWDM) systems after adequate optical filtering, were optimized and their longhaul transmission performance was compared in long-haul 43 Gbit/s/channel UDWDM systems. The impact of tight optical filtering on the transmission properties of such signaling formats was assessed numerically. Dispersion managed directly modulated 10 Gb/s systems were numerically optimized and it was shown that they can achieve performance similar to the one of externally modulated systems (within 2-3 dB, depending on the laser features). A spectrally efficient optical label insertion/extraction scheme using an OSSB filter was proposed and its performance was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. 2R all-optical regenerators were characterized and their main parameters were optimized numerically for use in a chain of regeneration sections. The accuracy of using a Gaussian distribution for the optical power in the assessment of the performance of a chain of regeneration sections was shown to be poor in many 119 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS cases. On the other hand, the accuracy of a Gaussian approach for the performance evaluation of direct-detection receiver with partially polarized noise was investigated and shown that provides good estimates of performance for typical values of polarization dependent loss. The impact of cross-phase modulation (XPM), four wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering on the performance of dispersion managed dense WDM systems was investigated. In particular, optimum dispersion maps (ODM) due to XPM were found out and validated through numerical simulation. A reduced model for the ODM due to XPM was proposed which shows the dependency of the ODM on the link parameters. Additionally, the impact of the nonlinear transmission over the dispersion compensating fibre (DCF) on the XPM-induced degradation was assessed and it is shown that, for up to -3 dBm of average power at the DCF input, the impact of nonlinear effects on the DCF can be usually neglected. A rigorous formulation based on an eigenfunction expansion technique was developed to analyze the performance of DPSK receivers in the presence of arbitrary optical and electrical filtering. The bit error ratio (BER) estimation of DPSK systems using the differential phase Q taking into account the electrical filtering influence was analyzed. A novel approach for BER evaluation of DQPSK systems using differential phase Q was proposed. In the topic of radio over fibre, the study and analysis of implementation scenarios for this technology were carried out through the determination of its fundamental limitations in the pursued scenario (namely due to dispersion and nonlinear effects). The implementation of a field trial demo using adapted common terminals based on a radio repeater has started. The optical distribution of ultra wideband radio signals (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and impulse-radio) in fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) networks started to be investigated as well. In the area of performance evaluation, we have developed a simplified approach for the assessment of optical communication systems performance with polarization dependent loss, arbitrary optical filtering, monitoring of interferometric crosstalk and chromatic dispersion. 120 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Optical Networking Research on Passive Optical Networks (PONs) has been continued, with emphasis on multiple access techniques, new QoS and security algorithms, and on the specification of a physical layer for an EPON operating at 10 Gbit/s. A tool has been developed for automated planning of PONs. A new architecture for a long reach 10G EPON network with high level of survivability was proposed and its performance was evaluated through computer simulations at the physical, as well the media access control layer. It was shown that a network with a feeder section based on a 100 km ring and supporting four 10G EPONs, each one with 32 ONUs, is feasible. Optical burst (and packet) switching (OBS), despite their viability or near future implementation, is still pressing the Telco's related research. In this topic, we are aiming techniques for agile buffering, all-optical switching, header detection an alloptical flip-flop operation. Also, due to the need for increased quality of services and applications, the network end (access) is suffering from a great pressure for increased bit rates. In that area, working on the effect of the fibre on the different types of signals has been accomplished, namely the 3G signals over fibre and the effects of distributed amplification and lumped low cost semiconductor based amplification and head-end. The next generation networks will have to be dynamic and adaptable. This can only be achieved through a strong interaction between the layers. In this field, we are developing an interfacing layer able to process dynamic monitoring, and actuation, with capacity to interact with management plane. Research continued also on node architectures for OBS networks. The objectives of this activity were extended to include modelling of optical signal processing systems using non-linear applications of quantum-dot SOAs, such as wavelength converters and optical regenerators. An all optical router for packet traffic at 40 Gbits/sec, was implemented. A combination of the previously developed strategy, named as HMPI (Heuristic Minimum Priority Interference), with delayed burst scheduling at the ingress nodes, as a way to minimize both the probability of contention at the core nodes and improve the efficiency of bandwidth utilization, has been proposed. Using network simulation, the improvement of the performance of an OBS ring 121 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS network achieved by this strategy when compared to existing burst scheduling algorithms was shown. The work developed in the previous year regarding the use of integer linear program formulations to describe the problem of traffic grooming in multi-ring networks with dual interconnection was extended to include translucent optical networks. In these networks, some paths can travel through the nodes without any optical-electrical conversion, while other paths require electrical processing at the nodes. It was shown that, even for these complex networks, it is possible to arrive to optimum solutions, for networks with sizes as large as 13 nodes. 122 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 4.2.4 Running and Concluded Projects Overview Funding Agency Number AdI 1 ADI, Nokia Siemens Networks, SA 2 ESF 1 EU, IST Programme 2 FCT / POCI 2 FCT / POSC 4 FCT / POSI 1 FCT/PTDC 7 GRICES 1 IT/LA 2 JustBit 1 Nokia Siemens Networks, SA 2 PT Inovação 2 TOTAL 28 Table 19 - Number of active projects in the Optical Communications Area in 2007 123 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Activity in Projects Acron / Ref DROM-TELESAL / 039/7.1/ADI/NOR Title Dimensioning of Multi-Layer Optical Networks Funding AdI Descript. Modern transport networks make use of transmission in the optical domain and perform the routing in the electric domain. The emergence of devices with routing capabilities in the optical domain creates a new paradigm. In principle, this new paradigm can increase the networks throughput and reduce the infra-structure costs. The present challenge is to understand how these optical routing modules should be integrated in the networks to obtain more flexible telecommunication infra- structures, with minimum cost of installation, maintenance and management. These optical routing modules also induce transient effects in the network that is essential to understand and control. We intend to treat the dimensioning problem with probabilistic/statistics models in detriment of the deterministic models approaches. We intend to obtain simple causal relationships between critical aspects in the dimensioning problem and to obtain results with a high degree of confidence with less computational time. We are going to focus our research on Multi-Layer Survivable Optical Networks with optical and electric routing, supported by multiple wavelengths (WDM) optical transmission systems and optimized for IP traffic. 124 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref NGPON Title Next Generation Passive Optical Networks Funding AdI,Nokia Siemens Networks Descript. Passive optical networks (PONs) have evolved to provide much higher bandwidth in the access network, attracting therefore significant interest from both standardization organizations (ITU-T and IEEE) as well as industry and service providers. PON technology is recognized as the most economical solution for the introduction of optical fibre in the access network, stimulated by the need to increase the bandwidth offered to subscribers, matching it with the transport capacity of metropolitan networks. Although the PON systems provides higher bandwidth than traditional copper based access networks, there is a growing demand for further bandwidth increase through application of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). This way several parallel data channels can be employed in downstream and/or upstream direction. Additionally, data security issues arising from Point-To-Multipoint architecture with inherent broadcast nature of the downstream channel require closer analysis of the potential threats and means of mitigation utilizing e.g. active countermeasures against malicious activities through identification and isolation of suspicious ONUs It is our goal therefore to analyze in detail (theoretically and practically) the transition process from current TDM to future WDM-TDM PON systems, focusing on the development of low-cost colourless Rx/Tx module for ONUs as well as introduction of active elements into currently passive splitter/combiner module, allowing for remote enforcement of security measures. Additionally, we will attempt at demonstrating operation of IEEE 802.3 – 2005 compliant EPON equipment using colourless Rx/Tx modules developed in during this project, indicating the potential market applications of the developed solution. 125 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref OPTRONET / POCI 2010 - 13-05-04-FDR-00004 Title Optimized Transponders for Robust NETworks Funding AdI, Siemens Networks SA Descript. The explosive growth of data, particularly internet traffic, has led to a dramatic increase in demand for transmission bandwidth imposing an immediate requirement for broadband networks. Currently core networks widely employ WDM to offer high capacity and long reach transmission capabilities. WDM has recently started becoming a very attractive technology also for metropolitan area networks where the major requirement is cost-efficiency. A real catalyst motivating the use of WDM in MANs is its promise of transparency offering elimination of opto-electronic regenerations. In both network segments the use of transparent solutions introduces impairments penalizing the system performance. These impairments can be significantly suppressed using purposely designed and optimized systems incorporating advanced modulation formats and equalization techniques that assure that the signal performance remains adequate under worst case conditions. The OPTRONET consortium proposes work that will result in the development of such systems and will enable the deployment of costand performance- optimized transparent optical metropolitan networks. The partners of the project will design, evaluate, develop and demonstrate novel metro-specific transceiver prototypes. A variety of modulation formats offering great potential for optimized metro networks will be the focus of the project. The option of electronic channel equalization and the performance improvement that it offers will be studied in detail. The different systems will be assessed for technical and manufacturing feasibility, improved system/network performance and customer value. Effort will be assigned in low cost solutions tailored to metro requirements. Simulations will analyze the performance of the systems in a reference WDM metro network, and 126 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS will determine the optimum implementations for the variety of modulation formats and equalization techniques. Consequently novel transmitters based on advanced modulation formats and receivers offering dynamic signal equalization will be designed and fabricated. The developed systems will be evaluated in laboratory test-beds. In order to verify the proposed solutions a field trial will be performed using real metropolitan networks delivering different types of highbandwidth services to end-users. The aim of the project is to provide guidelines on technology choices, to define the requirements for optical interfaces and develop advanced transceiver systems in order to meet user as well as operator requirements towards broadband metropolitan topologies. Acron / Ref COST 291 Title Towards digital optical communications Funding ESF Descript. The primary objective of the COST Action “Towards Digital Optical Networks” is to focus on novel network concepts and architectures exploiting the features and properties of photonic technologies, to enable future telecommunications networks. It is aiming to propose a new generation of systems and networks that will accommodate the unpredictable and growing size of data files and messages exchanged and stored as well as real time services (e.g. voice, video etc) over global distances requiring an agile Communication Grid supporting quality of services. These need to provide end-toend bandwidth for transmission of traffic for applications such as information retrieval, downloading (often multimedia) web software, exchange of various type of software (hundreds of Mbytes) and data models (Gbytes) etc as well as real time multimedia applications. These systems need to be very flexible and rapidly reactive to 127 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS efficiently accommodate the abrupt and unpredictable changes in traffic statistics introduced by current and future applications with low endto- end latency. They will enable advanced features such as efficient and simple multicasting and broadcasting of broadband signals. In general, they need to support a future proof, flexible, efficient and bandwidth-abundant fiber-optic network infrastructure capable of supporting ubiquitous services in a resilient manner offering protection and restoration capabilities as well as secure services to the users. Transparency to various digital signals and protocols is required to eliminate the need for multilayer complex network architectures suffering by poor scalability for data services, high latency, complicated network management and high cost. This migration can be gradually achieved by removing and/or integrating intermediate layers. Flat and upgradeable network architectures supporting photonic core and access technologies with intelligent edge nodes at the interfaces will form a universal infrastructure offering a variety of services supported by multiple operators. The ease of maintenance, provisioning and resilient operation required in this type of networks will be achieved through advanced routing and management mechanisms, eliminating the requirement for ever increasing amounts of complex software raising the cost and limiting the network reliability and availability. This advanced photonic infrastructure will employ optical signal processing and dynamic impairment management to eliminate the limitations of the analogue nature of traditional optical networks, dense wavelength division multiplexing technologies for signal transmission and routing, and optical packet and/or burst switching to provide fine bandwidth granularity, network efficiency and flexibility. 128 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref Title e-Photon ONe + / 027497 e-Photon/ONe + – Optical Networks:Towards Bandwidth Manageability and Cost Efficiency Funding EU, IST Programme Descript. Specific Research goals Although it is understood that funding research is not a primary goal of a NoE, joint research projects (JPs), aiming at integration by means of focused research, were activated within e-Photon/ONe. Reflecting new research trends five new JPs have been defined for the first 18 months of e-Photon/ONe+. Within JPs different partners work together and pursue common goals in a well coordinated and focused research activity. These projects serve as an important catalyst toward integration inside the NoE. The new JPs of e-Photon/ONe+ will focus on: - JP-G: “Optical networking for grids and e-science” - JP-B: “Optical burst switching” - JP-S: “Electro/optic switching architectures” - JP-E: “Mitigation of optical transmission impairments by electronic means” - JP-T: “Dynamic and distributed optical monitoring and equalization” New JPs could later be added, according to proposals coming from the VDs. Specific integration goals Virtual Departments are the key instrument inside the NoE to foster integration. The main goals of VDs are the following. - To create consensus on key research issues to be investigated in optical networking and focus the partners’ research efforts on such issues 129 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS - To define and foster the creation of specific joint research activities among partners - To foster the publication of joint research results by the partners - To stimulate the regular, short term exchanges of people between partners, aiming at the involvement of at least one person from every partner in such a scheme - To stimulate the long term exchanges of young researchers between partners, aiming at the involvement of at least one young researcher from every partner - To stimulate the joint supervision of PhD students - To stimulate the integration and sharing of lab infrastructures and resources Specific dissemination goals - To organize Summer and Winter technical schools - To organize workshops where young researchers can present their research work, mainly co-located with Summer and Winter schools - To support the ONDM conference (IFIP Working Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling), with a significant involvement in its organization, and to maintain strong links with other international conferences on optical networking and communications To establish links with other projects in the field, and with a number of industry associations or professional organizations, at a national level, at a EU level (IST and non IST, other NoEs etc), and at an international level - To provide technical and research support to European manufacturers, vendors and operators - To stimulate spin-offs from academic research. 130 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref Title ISIS / 26592 InfraStructures for broadband access in wireless/photonics and Integration of Strengths in Europe Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. In the context of ever increasing demands for higher bit rates and the convergence of telecommunication networks, radio technology offers flexibility while optical fibre technology offers the required capacity. ISIS aims to strengthen European scientific and technological excellence in: (i) low cost optical solutions for broadband access; and, (ii) the merging of wireless and photonic technologies. ISIS addresses broadband analogue and digital communication systems, and the contribution of optical technologies (in the domain of microwave and millimetre-wave photonics) to systems for future fixed and mobile broadband access. Low-cost access and edge network equipment, service-enabling technologies and platforms, and increased bandwidth capacity are all addressed, together with advanced wireless network technology that can exploit the millimetre-wave bands. ISIS creates a new European infrastructure by integrating a critical mass of researchers from 19 organisations. All partners are recognised centres of excellence in the area, from 10 different countries within Europe, and from two outside. The ISIS Network of Excellence allows Europe to gain and maintain a dominant position in this emerging field by integrating the individual centres of excellence into a single entity. The Joint Programme of Activities includes significant integrating mechanisms such as joint use of infrastructures, mobility of researchers, and coordination of partners’ research activities. This last action includes a joint technical research programme that includes the development of joint research platforms and tools on: (i) broadband optoelectronic architectures and functions, (ii) broadband 131 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS optoelectronic technologies, and (iii) optoelectronic broadband characterisation and test. These platforms involve the integration of testbeds, facilities and equipment across Europe to further enhance the research potential within ISIS and are at the core of the project. Management of knowledge and activities to spread excellence are fully addressed: 4 workshops/seminars, 13 training courses and 2 summer schools are to be organised over the 3 year duration of the project, and over 30 researcher exchanges are envisaged. All activities in ISIS will be orchestrated by a unified management structure constituted from both academic partners and industrial representatives (the latter from the 4 partners in ISIS and 4 invited companies). Acron / Ref Teclar / POCI/A072/2005 Title Alternative techniques for Raman amplification Funding FCT/POCI Descript. The major objective of this project is to develop alternative techniques for Raman amplification. For achieve that goal we intend to used fibre Bragg gratings conjugated with Rayleigh scattering or double Rayleigh backscattering in order to produced the appropriate pump signal for optical amplification. Acron / Ref OreO POCI/CTM/59075/2004 Title Organic/Inorganic hybrids for Integrated Optics Funding FCT/POCI Descript. a) To investigate sol-gel derived OIH, such as di-ureasils, diurethanesils, di- and mono-amidasils, and aminosils combined with photopolymerizable MAPTMS host as material substrate for production 132 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS of IO architectures b) To investigate the influence in the OIH PL features of chemical factors such as, organic and inorganic precursors, number and type of linkages and synthesis method c) To investigate the chemical-physical nature of the RT OIH PL features d) To compare by waveguide numerical simulation methods the relevant properties for optical, electrical or thermal actuation (nonlinear refractive index, thermo-optic and electro-optic coefficients) of the OIH with those typical of subtract materials used nowadays, silica, silicon, lithium niobate, polymers, glass or III-IV semiconductors e) Fabrication of planar waveguides with the proposed OIH f) To implement enabling solutions for future high debit optical networks, such as narrow band optical filter and low finesse optical cavities. Acron / Ref IP over WDM / POSC/EEA-CPS/59566/2004 Title Integration Strategies for IP over WDM Networks Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The main objectives of this project are: -To evaluate different transport network alternative approaches namely: IP/SDH/WDM, IP/WDM and IP/OTN. These configurations will be evaluated in terms of cost effectiveness, management facility, reconfigurability, scalability, QoS performance, and reliability; -To identify fast and efficient survivability schemes for IP/WDM and IP/OTN networks; -To investigate the impact of different signalling schemes on the restoration time of IP over WDM networks and how these signalling 133 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS schemes fit into the GMPLS and ASON control plane; -To identify solutions to provide service differentiation on IP optical networking; -To define experiments to assess the Project results and design a testbed for future evaluation. To accomplish theses objectives the project is organized in four tasks: Task 1- Evaluation of backbone architecture for IP optical networking; Task 2- Survibability schemes; Task 3- Differentiated QoS; Task 4Test-bed design. Acron / Ref CONPAC / POSC/EEA-CPS/61714/2004 Title CONtention free all-optical PACket switch (CONPAC) Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The project focuses on the design, optimization and demonstration of an all-optical packet switch, with a fixed length routing table (2 ports), transparent to short packets, at high data rate (40Gbit/s), implementing a simple contention resolution strategy. Its potential impact on both the present and future networks will also be assessed. The main driver of the optimization activities will be to achieve the best possible balance between simplicity, performance and integrability of these devices, since these are critical issues. Specifically, we aim to demonstrate a small packet switch, with a minimal routing table (2 ports) which is by looking for three main building blocks: 1. correlator and code; 2. switching device; 3. delay line or wavelength converter. 134 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS The starting points: 1. time/wavelength codes with optical Fiber Bragg Gratings; 2. cross gain modulation of a SOA; a UNI gate; and a SOA based Mach-Zehnder interferometric gate. 3. fiber spool, self pumped FWM converter . Acron / Ref SHOTS / POSC/EEA-CPS/56959/2004 Title Super High-capacity Optical Transmission Systems Funding FCT/POSC Descript. 1) Proposal of a new signalling format for UDWDM systems; 2) Comprehensive study of optical single sideband formats for UDWDM systems; 3) Study of differential phase shift keying-based signalling formats for UDWDM systems; 4) Generalisation of previous analysis of cross-phase modulation induced degradation in dispersion compensated intensity modulation – direct detection (IM-DD) DWDM systems; 5) Extension of a previous analytical theory of four wave mixing in dispersion compensated IM-DD DWDM systems; 6) Generalisation of a previous analytical theory of stimulated Raman scattering in dispersion compensated IM-DD DWDM systems; 7) Development and application of a general analytical tool to recognise and minimise the limitations of nonlinear fibre effects in dispersion compensated DWDM systems with arbitrary parameters and high (tens) channel count. Acron / Ref ARPA / POSC/EEA-CPS/55781/2004 Title Techniques and Algorithms for Raman Multi-Pump Allocation Funding FCT/POSC 135 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Descript. The project focuses on the feasibility to design low cost, flat gain, as high spectral wide fiber Raman amplifiers. In the first year of work, we will develop a first version of an algorithm that enables the optimization of wavelength allocation and output power of the pump lasers. This task will be finished during the second year of the project, where a precise and robust allocation algorithm will be presented. In the second year we will produce two RFA prototypes, based in resonant Bragg cavities and low cost pump lasers, taking into account the previously derived optimization results. Such RFA prototypes will be capable of amplification over at least two spectral windows (S,C,L). The main goal of the second year is to validate the developed prototypes (and algorithm) in a high debit optical network though the prototypes overall performance and capacities. The validation tests will occur using a burst signal and in an optical recirculating loop to access the cascability performance Acron / Ref Title PMD / POSI/CPS/47389/2002 Polarization Mode Dispersion in High-Speed Optical Communication Systems Funding FCT/POSI Descript. The first goal of the project is to identify the modulation schemes that best tolerate a certain level of PMD at 40 Gbit/s and above. The second objective is to develop a dynamic PMD compensator. Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is a key limiter in the deployment of optical systems transmitting at 40 Gbit/s or higher bit rates per channel. Fiber-based PMD is caused by an asymmetry of the fiber core, in which light polarized in one axis travels faster than light polarized in the other orthogonal axis. This asymmetry of the fiber core can be 136 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS accidentally introduced in the manufacturing process, and is a permanent feature of the fiber, or can be due to external effects as temperature variations or mechanical stress. Acron / Ref Title ROFWDM / PTDC/EEA-TEL/68973/2006 Design and Optimisation of WDM Millimetre-Wave Fibre-Radio Systems Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The main results of this project will be disseminated through publications in scientific journals and international conferences as well as technical reports. This will help promote future cooperation and will allow other R&D institutions to share the results and the exchange of ideas. At the national level the results of this project will be reported on two main events in this area, namely the ''Telecommunications Conference'' and the ''Symposium on Enabling Optical Networks'' an yearly event, which INESC and IT-Aveiro are the main organizers. During the course of the project we propose to organize a workshop, with the collaboration of all partners, dedicated to the presentation and dissemination of results. In addition the partners within this project, based on mutual cooperation, will pursue the exploitation of results, namely, technology transfer, standardization. In order to meet this target the academic/research institutions will collaborate closely with the industrial partner Siemens, SA. Siemens, will use its position as a leading manufacture of advanced fiber optic and radio networks to explore possible scenarios of technology transfer, system specifications of WDM fibre-radio system architectures and the convergence between the super broadband wired and wireless access networks. 137 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref Title THRONE / PTDC/EEA-TEL/66840/2006 Devices and techniques for optical processing in high bit-rate networks Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The main objectives of the project are: - Identify the main limitations associated with high capacity optical communications. - Investigate and promote new technological solutions for the identified limitations. - Investigate and promote new devices for low cost passive all-optical processing. - Implementation of a state of the art FBG fabrication system. - Experimental evaluation of the proposed solutions with the presentation of prototypes and with an experimental assessment. Acron / Ref FEFOF / PTDC/EEA-TEL/72025/2006 Title Fuse effect on optical fibers Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The project focuses on the feasibility to study the effects of propagation high power signals on optical fibers. The following sub-objectives, will be attained: a) To accurately model the catastrophic fuse effect and foresee its evolution in accordance with the fiber type and propagation power. b) To systematically obtain the ignition and propagation power threshold for different types of fibers (SMF, DSF and NZDFS) for 138 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS several bending conditions and analyze the impact of aging in these values. c) To fully understand and predict the damage produced in several types of optical connectors. d) Develop a solution to isolate the propagation of the catastrophic fuse effect (fuse stopper). This project will integrate a heterogeneous research group with knowledge in different research areas, such as telecommunications, optics and material science. This multidisciplinary group has the potential to deeply emerge in this subject in order to fully understand the problem and to successfully conclude the project objectives. Acron / Ref MOTION / PTDC/EEA-TEL/73529/2006 Title Monitoring and compensaTion of Impairments in Optical Networks Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. This project will focus on: - Develop OIM modules to allow the evaluation of multi-channel oriented impairment, OSNR, XPM and linear crosstalk. - Develop OIM modules to assess GVD and PMD. - Study and identify OIC modules to mitigate optical GVD and PMD. - Experimental evaluation of the produced prototypes. -To integrate and test the MOTION system on a test network, where the behavior of a real network can be reproduced. 139 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Acron / Ref Oreo2 / PTDC/CTM/72093/2006 Title Organic/Inorganic hybrids for Integrated Optics - 2 Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. - To investigate sol-gel derived amine functionalised OIH, such as diureasils, modified by ZPO and MA as material substrate for production of passive IO devices - To investigate the influence of the processing of the materials as thin films and monoliths on the PL features of the undoped host - To investigate the influence of ZPO concentration and different ratios ZPO:MA on the local structure and PL features - To perform waveguide geometric optimization in order to achieve the required functionalities of the desired devices - Fabrication of channel waveguides with the proposed OIH processed as monoliths an thin films - To implement enabling solutions for access optical networks, such as low cost optical power splitters and optical filters. - To investigate the role of the OHI processing mode (monoliths and films) in the structural, photoluminescence and waveguide features. Acron / Ref RoFnet / PTDC/EEA-TEL/71678/2006 Title Reconfigurable Radio over Fiber network – RoFnet Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The overall objective of the project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a novel cost effective RoF system architecture that uses the benefits of combining optical networking concepts with fiber radio techniques to efficiently manage the network resource usage and to allow flexible wavelength allocation for the BSs, depending on user 140 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS requirements and QoS. To achieve the overall goal of the project we identify the following interim objectives: -Identification of novel network architectures suited for RoF systems, combining low complexity with flexibility and cost effectiveness; -To develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a new low cost BS architecture, which uses a RSOA; -To assess the transmission impairments of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems combined with subcarrier multiplexing and employing optical single side band modulation (OSSB); -To develop wavelength allocation algorithms able to allocate network resources depending on varying user demand and QoS: - To liaise with other European projects in order to understand and possibly integrate relevant developments. Acron / Ref Title Sub-Lambda / PTDC/EEATEL/71819/2006 Sub-diffraction imaging systems formed by microstructured waveguides Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. Development of new imaging systems (based on metamaterial technology) with subwavelength resolution at infrared/optical frequencies. Acron / Ref CABRAL Title CooperAção BRasil – PortugAL em redes ópticas Funding GRICES 141 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Descript. This project studies circuit- and burst-switched optical networks. The influence of the physical level on the routing and wavelength assignment, and the development of models for optical packect switching will be investigated in the project. The main goal of the project is to promote the working together of portuguese and brazilian researchers in the field of optical communications. Acron / Ref Quantum Title Quantum Effects in High Speed Optical Communication Systems Funding IT/LA Descript. The major goal of the Quantum project is to start a systematic investigation of quantum systems at the Institute of Telecommunications. The aim of these studies is to develop accurate theoretical models, which allow experimental manipulation of quantum systems. The project is going to focus is research in quantum processes with likely great impact in the field of telecommunications, mainly in the area of optical communications. Acron / Ref RaTON Title Radio Techniques over Optical access Networks Funding IT/LA Descript. - study the advantages and disadvantages of this type of approach with respect to others like Optical CDMA, traditional Radio Over Fiber, and simple FTTH direct modulated distribution through ATM or other time or wavelength multiplexed networks - study the implementation scenarios for this technology through the determination of its fundamental limitations in the pursued scenario (namely due to dispersion and nonlinear effects) 142 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS - Implementation of a field trial demo using adapted common terminals based on a radio repeater. - Expandability options for having flexible bandwidth through the choice of codes, expansion of the network through wavelength division multiplexing or polarization division multiplexing, observation of new receiver options and techniques adapted to the particular nonlinear transmission medium. Acron / Ref SMART Title Remote Structure Health Monitoring Funding JustBit Descript. The objective of this project is to develop techniques for the remote monitoring of structures. For the trial, two viaducts will be monitored with several fiber sensors developed at IT. A prototype will be placed remotely for the interrogation of all sensors. It will collect real time data of deformation and temperature and give alarms if critical thresholds are triggered. Acron / Ref ROTA Title Advanced Optical Network Funding Nokia Siemens Networks, SA Descript. Implementation of an optical test platform between Aveiro and Lisbon Acron / Ref ROPE Title Ethernet Passive Optical Networks Funding Nokia Siemens Networks, SA 143 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Descript. Investigation of new mechanisms for enhanced protection, security and dynamic bandwidth management for the next generation of EPONs. Acron / Ref LoCOPON Title LOCO-PON(LOw COst PON) Funding PT Inovação Descript. Este projecto pretende avaliar as possibilidades de utilização de tecnologia óptica multigigabit em redes de acesso. Para isso, será desenvolvido e validado um protótipo laboratorial baseado em diversas alternativas de componentes de baixo custo. Pretende-se, ainda, avaliar os custos e a fiabilidade da tecnologia utilizada, por forma a possibilitar um desenvolvimento de uma aplicação comercial. Acron / Ref Raman Title Raman Amplification for CWDM Systems Funding PT Inovação Descript. Development of an optical amplifier, with very broad bandwidth, suitable to be used in coarse wavelength division multiplexing systems (CWDM). 144 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 4.2.5 Running and Concluded Theses Final Year Projects CoEnd Title Supervisors Date Designing Optical filters based 7 / Jorge Pinto on their requisits 2007 Geração de sinais em Banda Miguel Vidal Daniel 7/ Lateral Única por Filtragem Drummond Fonseca, 2007 Óptica Implementação de Marco Rafael Daniel transmissor óptico em banda 7 / Gomes de Pinho Fonseca, lateral única com sistema de 2007 controlo Optimization and Control of an 7/ all optical side band Liliana Costa 2007 suppression Support network for sensors 7/ Ricardo Rocha and actuators in optical 2007 networks Wearable optical sensor for 7/ João Decoroso wireless 3D monitoring of 2007 body parts Paulo Alexandre José Optical Single Side Band 9/ Ferreirinha de Modulators 2007 Almeida José Filipe Fonseca da 9/ Optical Wavelength Converters Silva 2007 Supervisor António Teixeira Paulo Monteiro Paulo Monteiro António Teixeira António Teixeira António Teixeira Henrique A. Silva Henrique A. Silva Student Table 20 - List of Final Year Projects running in the Optical Communications Area during 2007 MSc Theses Supervisor Student António Teixeira João Paulo Madaleno Paulo Monteiro Vitor Alves Martins da Silv António Teixeira Manuel Matos Kátia Cesaltina António Topa Macedo Sousa Brito CoSupervisors Paulo André, Title Efeitos da Camada óptica no ruteamento de pacotes IP Emissor Óptico em Banda Lateral Única para Elevados Ritmos de Transmissão Optimização de redes ópticas em Operação Dispositivos Fotónicos Passivos para Óptica Integrada End Date 4/ 2007 4/ 2007 4/ 2007 7/ 2007 145 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS CoSupervisors Student António Teixeira João Prata Adolfo Cartaxo Ana Filipa Guardado Adolfo Cartaxo Sérgio Martins dos Santos João Pires Ana Carvalho Paulo André Ana Maria Rocha Paulo André Paulo Fernando da Costa Antunes João Pires João Galhordas Paulo André André Filipe João Lemos Moreira Martins Pinto, Rogério Nunes Nogueira Luis Amaral Paulo André Carlos Miguel Santos Vicente João Pires Gustavo Campos Sebastião Performance comparison between SDH/WDM networks 12 / and Optical Burst Switching 2007 for supporting IP/MPLS traffic Paulo André Cláudio Emanuel Gomes Ferreirinho Lima Rodrigues Redes ópticas passivas de baixo custo Ilda Abe, João Lemos Pinto, Title End Date Supervisor Controlo de subsistemas de 9/ processamento integralmente 2007 óptico Analysis of four wave mixing 11 / induced distortion in dispersion-compensated WDM 2007 links Limitations imposed by stimulated Raman scattering 11 / in dispersion-compensated 2007 WDM links Planning and performance analyses of next generation 11 / 2007 SDH/WDM networks for supporting IP traffic Amplificação Raman em comunicações ópticas 12 / 2007 baseada em fonts ópticas incoerentes ANÁLISE DINÂMICA DE 12 / VIBRAÇÃO EM ESTRUTURAS 2007 COM SENSORES DE BRAGG Design and analysis of metropolitan optical networks 12 / 2007 in the presence of physical layer impairments Estudo de LEDs de alta 12 / potência para iluminação 2007 Integrated platform for gait optical analysis 12 / 2007 Optimização das Condições de Síntese e Processamento de 12 / Híbridos Orgânicos2007 Inorgânicos para Óptica Integrada 12 / 2007 146 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Student Luís Miguel Henrique Branco Batista José A. Silva Sá David Manuel António Topa Teixeira Fernandes António David Campos Teixeira António Pedro Coelho Teixeira Maria de Fátima Paulo André Domingues Rogério Diana Seiça Nunes Fidalgo Nogueira CoSupervisors Paulo André, Carlos Paiva, João Lemos Pinto, António Teixeira, Armando Abel Correia Nolasco Pinto António Teixeira António Teixeira Rogério Nunes Nogueira António Teixeira António Teixeira António Teixeira António Teixeira António Teixeira António Teixeira António Teixeira Paulo André Rogério Nunes Nogueira Hugo martins André Mota Paulo André, Title Modelling and Nonlinear 1/ Applications of Quantum-Dot 2008 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers Dispersion Management in Optical Fibers 5/ 2008 Back and front office web; DSD characterization of passive optical networks Monotorização de Estruturas por Varrimento Laser 6/ 2008 6/ 2008 6/ 2008 Optical Monitoring Techniques 6/ 2008 Planning and Dimensioning of 6/ Optical Networks Based on 2008 Optical Switching 6/ Reconfigurable networks 2008 6/ reconfigurable Test network 2008 Remote Structure Health Monitoring Nelson Pereira End Date 6/ 2008 6/ 2008 Signalling for optical dynamic 6 / Ricardo Rocha networks 2008 6/ João andrade Paulo André, strategies for NG-PONs 2008 Transparent optical node for 6 / Albano Baptista Mário Lima, PONs 2008 Gonçalo José transparent system for 6/ Paulo Monteiro, Coreta Brito bandwidth enhancement 2008 Rogério Nunes 6/ Maurício Pereira wearable sensors Nogueira, 2008 Beatriz Sousa Wearable sensors with 3D 6/ João Decoroso Santos, interface 2008 Amplificadores ópticos em 7/ Ana Isabel Alves fibra dopada de alta potência 2008 André Vieira Silvia Correia Security in PONs João Lemos Pinto, Integration of optical fibers in 7 / 2D and 3D mesh structures 2008 147 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS CoSupervisors Armando José Ferreira António Valente Nolasco Pinto da Rocha, Supervisor Student Title Optimum Routing in Survivable Optical Networks Photon-Pair Generation in Armando Nuno Alexandre Optical Fibers Through FourNolasco Pinto Silva Wave Mixing Armando José Eduardo Polymer Optical Fibers for Nolasco Pinto Machado Home Networks Armando João Melo Transient Effects in Optical Nolasco Pinto Ferreira Raman Amplifiers Geração de sinais para Afonso Resende Rogério Nunes sistemas de transmissão sem Manuel Violas Vilela Nogueira, fios de alto débito utilizando técnicas fotonicas Carlos André João Nuno Rede Wimax suportada num Manuel Violas Silva Morais Matos, sistema de rádio sobre fibra Planificação e optimização de Micaela Santos redes de comunicações Paulo André Bernardo ópticas com amplificação Raman Andrey Optical metropolitan area Adolfo Guimarães networks with direct Cartaxo Gomes Cravid modulation Sérgio António Optical networks with Daniel Diogo Adolfo dos Santos insertion and extraction of Trindade Cartaxo Ramos Lopes e optical label and high spectral Fonseca, Paiva efficiency Ruben Tiago Daniel Diogo Transmission of signals in allAdolfo Fernandes Trindade optical label switched Cartaxo Gomes Fonseca, networks António Carlos Almeida Mário Lima, 3G radio access over Fiber Teixeira Rogério Techniqes and Devices for Carlos Alberto Nunes high bit rate optical networks Ferreira Marques Nogueira João Lemos Iluminação pública com LEDs Paulo André Daniel Trigo Pinto, de alta potência Distribution of M-PAM ultraAdolfo Tiago Valente wideband radio signals in Cartaxo FTTH networks End Date 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 8/ 2008 8/ 2008 9/ 2008 10 / 2008 10 / 2008 10 / 2008 11 / 2008 11 / 2008 12 / 2008 2/ 2009 Table 21 - List of MSc Theses running in the Optical Communications Area during 2007 148 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS PhD Theses Supervisor Student CoSupervisors António Teixeira Ruben Soares Luís Henrique José A. Silva Marek Paulo Monteiro, Hajduczenia João Pires Luis Cancela Adolfo Cartaxo Natasa Bratislav Pavlovic Adolfo Cartaxo Daniel Diogo Ferrão Paulo Monteiro, Trindade Fonseca António Teixeira Tiago Silveira Paulo Monteiro, António Teixeira Sergio Junior Paulo Monteiro Nuno Manuel Garcia dos Santos Adolfo Cartaxo Mário Rui Guerreiro Leiria Paulo Monteiro Ana Patrícia dos Santos Ferreira Paulo Monteiro, Carlos Sá da Costa Title Design and Optimization of optical routing techniques and devices Multiplexing and Multiple Access Techniques for Passive Optical Networks Multichannel optical networks based on hierarchical ring topologies Signaling formats for dense wavelength division multiplexing systems Single side-band optical communication systems All-optical signal processing Amplificação de sistemas de comunicação ópticos Arquitecturas de Redes com Comutação Óptica de Agregados de Pacotes IPv6 Optical communication systems with optical regenerators Técnicas de Modulação e Igualação para Transmissão Óptica a Taxas End Date 6/ 2007 1/ 2008 3/ 2008 4/ 2008 4/ 2008 6/ 2008 6/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 149 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS CoTitle Supervisors Optical processing Rui Miguel devices and Paulo André Oliveira techniques for next Meleiro generation optical networks Análise experimental e teórica da propagação de pulsos ultra-curtos João Lemos em filtros ópticos José Luiz Pinto,Rogério Paulo André interferométricos Sousa Lima Nunes para aplicação e Nogueira desenvolvimento de redes de comunicações totalmente óptica Integrated multifunctional photonic Lara Penedo Paulo Paulo André devices for optical Pellegrino Monteiro, communication purposes Optimisation of Paulo optical networks João Pires João Pedro Monteiro, supporting IP/MPLS traffic Optimization of Optical Meire Telecommunication Armando Nolasco Pinto Fugihara Systems Using Distributed Raman Amplification Grid Computing in João da Silva Henrique José A. Silva Optical Burst Pereira Switched Networks Supervisor Student Sílvia Henrique José A. Silva Medeiros Vaz Pato Paulo Monteiro Pedro Ricardo Morais Inácio Next Generation Optical Access Networks End Date 9/ 2008 10 / 2008 10 / 2008 12 / 2008 12 / 2008 7/ 2009 7/ 2009 Segurança na Comunicação Remota Através de Redes de Acesso 7/ com Detecção de 2009 Intrusões em Pontos de Agregação IntraDomínio 150 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Supervisor Paulo Monteiro Paulo André CoEnd Title Supervisors Date Regeneração Óptica José Filipe da 9/ em Redes com WDM Silva Pina 2009 Student Berta Maria Barbosa Neto Armando Nolasco Pinto Claunir Pavan Nelson de Jesus Armando Nolasco Pinto Corderio Muga Paulo Monteiro Rogério Nunes Nogueira Rogério Nunes Nogueira Miguel Vidal Drummond Hugo Lima Nelia Alberto Rogério Nunes Nogueira Lucia Bilro Rogério Nunes Nogueira Rogério Dionísio Adolfo Cartaxo Tiago Manuel Ferreira Alves João Pires João Santos Adolfo Cartaxo Nelson Manuel Simões da Costa Alternative techniques for Raman amplification Dimensioning MultiLayers Optical Networks Polarization Effects in Fiber Optics Communication Systems All optical processing Rogério Nunes in fibre optical Nogueira, communication systems Advanced Fiber Sensors Biosensors based on Fiber Bragg Gratings Optical Metrology in Medicine and Rehabilitation António Optical monitoring Teixeira, systems and devices Transmission systems of ultrawideband radio signals over optical fibre Physical and logical aspects of Ethernet Paulo over WDM networks Monteiro, supported in ring topologies Optical communication systems with multisymbol digital phase modulation 12 / 2009 12 / 2009 12 / 2009 9/ 2010 10 / 2010 10 / 2010 10 / 2010 10 / 2010 10 / 2010 12 / 2010 10 / 2011 Table 22 - List of PhD Theses running in the Optical Communications Area during 2007 151 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 4.2.6 Publications Optical Communication Systems Book Chapters André, P.S; A. N. Pinto; A.T. Teixeira; B. Neto; S. Junior; R. F. Rocha; J. L. Pinto; M.C. Fugihara; ; M. D. Domingues; " New challenges in Raman amplification for fiber communications systems " - Chapter in Optical Fibers Research Advances , Frank Columbus , Nova Publisher , 2007 . Fonseca, D.F.; A. Cartaxo; P. Monteiro; " Topics on OSSB modulation for 40 Gb/s transmission systems " - Chapter in Advanced technologies for highspeed optical communications , Lei Xu , Research Signpost,2007 . Papers in Journals Rebola, J. L. ; A. Cartaxo; " Accuracy of Gaussian approach for the performance evaluation of direct-detection receiver with partially polarized noise ", Fiber and Integrated Optics , Vol. 26 , No. 3 , pp. 135 146 , May , 2007 . Fonseca, D.F.; A. Cartaxo; P. Monteiro; " Adaptive opto-electrical filters for improved generation of optical single sideband signals with different pulse shapes ", IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Tech. , Vol. 25 , No. 8 , pp. 2175 - 2186 , August , 2007 . Fonseca, D.F.; A. Cartaxo; P. Monteiro; " Comparison and optimization of optical single sideband transmitters ", IEE Proceedings, Part J – Optoelectronics , Vol. 1 , No. 2 , pp. 82 - 90 , April , 2007 . Luis, R.S.; A.T. Teixeira; P. Monteiro; " Design of optical filter for increased efficiency of wavelength converters based on fiber XPM ", Optics Communications , Vol. 271 , No. 1 , pp. 100 - 104 , March , 2007. 152 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Luis, R.S.; D.F. Fonseca; A.T. Teixeira; P. Monteiro; " Dispersion management of electrically pre-compensated RZ single-sideband signals at 10 Gb/s without inline dispersion compensation ", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , Vol. 19 , No. 14 , pp. 1039 - 1041 , July , 2007 . Fonseca, D.F.; A. Cartaxo; P. Monteiro; " Influence of the extinction ratio on the intra-channel nonlinear distortion of 40 Gb/s return-to-zero transmission systems over standard fiber ", IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Tech. , Vol. 25 , No. 6 , pp. 1447 - 1457 , June , 2007 . Fonseca, D.F.; R.S. Luis; A. Cartaxo; P. Monteiro; " Near pseudo-linear regime in 10 Gb/s single sideband-alternate mark inversion systems using electrical dispersion pre-compensation ", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , Vol. 19 , No. 15 , pp. 1127 - 1129 , August , 2007 . Pires, J. J. O. ; L. G. C. Cancela; " On the probability density function of an optical DPSK signal in the presence of intrachannel crosstalk and ASE noise ", Journal of Optical Comm. , Vol. 28 , No. 3/2007 , pp. 229 - 233 , October , 2007 . Pavlovic, N.P.; A. Cartaxo; " Optimization of single-sideband DCS-RZ format for long-haul 43 Gbit/s/channel ultra-dense WDM systems ", IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Tech. , Vol. 25 , No. 2 , pp. 481 - 489 , February , 2007 . Madureira, M.; D.F. Fonseca; R. Sousa ; M. Violas; R. L. Aguiar; A. Cartaxo; P. Monteiro; " Postdetection adjustable simultaneous compensation of DGD and GVD in a 40-Gb/s optical single-sideband system ", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , Vol. 19 , No. 18 , pp. 1356 - 1358 , September , 2007 . Luis, R.S.; Clouet; A.T. Teixeira; P. Monteiro; " Pump-probe analysis of the XPM degradation induced by 10 Gb/s ASK signals on 40 Gb/s DPSK 153 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS signals ", Optics Letters , Vol. 32 , No. 19 , pp. 2786 - 2788 , October , 2007 . Teixeira, A.T.; T. Silveira; G. Tosi-Beleffi; F. Curti; D. Forin; T. Koonen; P. Monteiro; " THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ALL-OPTICAL MULTI-WAVELENGTH CONVERSION BY FOUR-WAVE MIXING IN FIBER AT 10/20/40 GB/S FOR OPTICAL LAYER MULTICAST ", Microwave and Optical Tech. Letters , January , 2007 . André, P.S; P. Antunes; A.T. Teixeira; M. J. N. Lima; " Tolerance of optical filters detuning in CWDM networks ", Photonic Network Communications , Vol. 13 , No. - , pp. 323 - 328 , January , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " 10G EPON development process ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , Rome , Italy , July , 2007 . Lima, M. J. N.; R.N. Nogueira; P.S André; A.T. Teixeira; " 3G radio distribution based on directly modulated lasers over passive transparent optical networks ", Proc International Microwave and Optics Conf. , Bahia , Brazil , October , 2007 . Antunes, P.; P.S André; A. N. Pinto; " A Simple and Inexpensive SinglePhoton Source by Means of Four-Wave-Mixing and Attenuation ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Guardado , A.; S. Santos; N. C. Costa; T. M. F. Alves ; A. Cartaxo; " A software tool for designing wavelength division multiplexed links ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 497 - 500 , May , 2007 . 154 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Cancela, L. G. C.; J. J. O. Pires; " An Approach for Calculating the Performance of DPSK Direct Detection Systems with Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Costa, N. C.; A. Cartaxo; " Analysis of Optimal Dispersion Map due to XPM in 10 Gbit/s WDM Links with Standard Single Mode Fibres ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 537 - 540 , May , 2007 . Pato, S.; P. Monteiro; H. J. A. Silva; " Analysis of the Optimum APD Gain for 10 Gbits Ethernet Passive Optical Networks ", Proc Symp. on Enabling Optical Networks - SEON , Aveiro , Portugal , June , 2007. Teixeira, A.T.; G. Tosi-Beleffi; F. Curti; " Auxiliary Carrier Cross Phase Modulation in High Non Linear Dispersion Flattened Fiber induced by Supercontinuum generation ", Proc Conf. on Lasers and Electro-optic - CLEO , Baltimore , United States , June , 2007. Costa, N. C.; A. Cartaxo; " BER Estimation in DPSK Systems Using the Differential Phase Q Taking into Account the Electrical Filtering Influence ", Proc International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC , Salvador , Brazil , October , 2007. Santos, S.; A. Cartaxo; " Comparison of power depletion and waveform distortion limitations due to inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering effect in WDM links ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 565 - 568 , May , 2007. Pavlovic, N.P.; A. Cartaxo; " Dependence of optimum residual dispersion per span on the number of spans for various signaling formats over 43 Gbit/s SSMF transmission system ", Proc International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC , Salvador , Brazil , Vol. 1 , pp. 653 657 , October , 2007 . 155 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Alves , T. M. F.; N. C. Costa; A. Cartaxo; " Dependence of XPM degradation on the dispersion map for 10 Gbit/s WDM links over standard-fibre employing duobinary format ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , Rome , Italy , Vol. Tu.A1.1 , pp. 79 - 82 , July , 2007 . Santos, J.; J. M. Pedro; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Design and Performance Evaluation of Protected Super-PON Access Networks Using a Dedicated Protection Ring Architecture ", Proc SEE Workshop on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks - DRCN , La Rochelle , France , Vol. 1 , pp. 7 - 10 , October , 2007 . Alves , T. M. F.; A. Cartaxo; " Dispersion map design for XPM suppression in NRZ 10 Gbit/s pre-compensated WDM links using standard-fibre and 50 GHz of channel spacing ", Proc International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC , Salvador , Brazil , Vol. 1 , pp. 648 - 652 , October , 2007 . Costa, N. C.; T. M. F. Alves ; A. Cartaxo; " Dispersion map optimization for XPM-limited 10 Gbit/s NRZ-IM-DD WDM links ", Proc IASTED International Conf. on Wireless and Optical Communications - WOC , Montréal , Canada , Vol. 1 , pp. 274 - 279 , May , 2007 . Pina, J. F.; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " Evaluation of Wavelength Conversion Based on Cross-Gain Modulation in Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for 40 Gbit/s NRZ Signals ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. I , pp. 517 - 520 , May , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; D.F. Fonseca; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " Fault Discovery Protocol (FDP) for Passive Optical Networks (PONs) ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Computers and Communications - ISCC , Aveiro , Portugal , June , 2007 . 156 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Madureira, M.; D.F. Fonseca; P. Monteiro; A. Cartaxo; R. L. Aguiar; " GVD and PMD compensation using a linear adjustale filter prototype in a 40Gb/s OSSB system ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Circuits and System , New Orleans , United States , May , 2007 . Meleiro, R.; J. Castro; P.S André; P. Monteiro; " Impact of Dispersion and Self Modulation on Crosstalk in Optical WDM Networks ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Pato, S.; P. Monteiro; H. J. A. Silva; " Impact of Mode-Partition Noise in the Performance of 10 Gbits Ethernet Passive Optical Networks ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , Rome , Italy , July , 2007 . André, P.S; B. Neto; A.T. Teixeira; N. Wada; " Impact of Raman Amplification on Packet Traffic ", Proc European Conf. on Networks and Optical Communications - NOC , Stocolm , Sweden , July , 2007 . Alves , T. M. F.; A. Cartaxo; " Impact of the dispersion compensating fibre nonlinearity on the optimum dispersion map due to XPM in 10 Gbit/s WDM links ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 581 - 584 , May , 2007 . Alves , T. M. F.; N. C. Costa; A. Cartaxo; " Influence of DCM nonlinearity on the XPM degradation in 10 Gbit/s dispersion managed NRZ-IM-DD links ", Proc IASTED International Conf. on Wireless and Optical Communications WOC , Montreal , Canada , Vol. 1 , pp. 221 - 224 , May , 2007 . Costa, N. C.; T. M. F. Alves ; A. Cartaxo; " Influence of dispersion compensation granularity on the XPM-induced degradation in NRZ-IM-DD WDM links at 10 Gbit/s per channel with 50 GHz of channel spacing ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , Rome , Italy , Vol. Tu.C1.6 , pp. 151 - 154 , July , 2007 . 157 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Morgado, J.; A. Cartaxo; " Influence of laser chirp and parasitics on optimized dispersion-managed directly modulated systems operating at 10Gbit/s ", Proc International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference IMOC , Salvador , Brazil , October , 2007 . Pinto, A. N.; G. Agrawal; " Loss of Quantum Information Due to the Kerr Effect in Optical Fibers ", Proc International Conference on Quantum Information - ICQI , Rochester , United States , June , 2007 . Pinto, A. N.; G. Agrawal; " Noise-Induced Spectral Shifts in Pseudo-Linear Fiber-Optic Communication Systems ", Proc Conf. on Lasers and Electrooptic - CLEO , Baltimore , United States , May , 2007 . Costa, N. C.; A. Cartaxo; " Novel Approach for BER Evaluation of DQPSK Systems Using Differential Phase Q ", Proc IEEE Lasers and Electro Optics Society Annual Meeting - LEOS , Lake Buena Vista , United States , Vol. MP3 , pp. 143 - 144 , October , 2007 . Cancela, L. G. C.; J. J. O. Pires; " On the Accuracy of the Gaussian Approximation for Performance Estimation in Optical DPSK Systems with InBand Crosstalk ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Communications - ICC , Glasgow , United Kingdom , June , 2007 . Pato, S.; R.S. Luis; P. Monteiro; H. J. A. Silva; " On The Impact of Nonlinear Effects in 10 Gbits Ethernet Passive Optical Networks ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Lima, M. J. N.; A.T. Teixeira; " On the propagation of UMTS radio signals over fiber ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Santos, J.; M. Hajduczenia; J. J. O. Pires; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " On triplexer design for next generation Ethernet Passive Optical Network 158 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS (EPON) systems ", Proc IEEE AccessNets - AccessNets , Ottawa , Canada , August , 2007 . Meleiro, R.; P. Monteiro; " Optically-Addressable Packet Timeslot Interchanger using a Quadruple Switch Array ", Proc OSA Optical Fiber Communications - OFC , Anaheim , United States , March , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " Overflow Control Mechanism (OCM) for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . André, P.S; B. Neto; S. Junior; A.T. Teixeira; R. F. Rocha; " Performance Analyses of the Average Power Method in the Calculation of the Signals Power Evolutions in a Raman Fiber Amplifier ", Proc European Conf. on Networks and Optical Communications - NOC , Stocolm , Sweden , July , 2007 . Santos, J.; Quadros; J. J. O. Pires; J. Pedro; " Performance Evaluation of DBA Algorithms with QoS in Protected Super-EPON Access Networks using a Dedicated Protection Ring Architecture ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . André, P.S; A. N. Pinto; A.T. Teixeira; B. Neto; S. Junior; R. F. Rocha; M.C. Fugihara; " Raman amplification using incoherent pump sources ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , rome , Italy , June , 2007 . Santos, J.; M. Hajduczenia; J. J. O. Pires; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " Synthesis of Multilayered Optical Thin Film Filters for 10G EPON ", Proc Symp. on Enabling Optical Networks - SEON , Aveiro , Portugal , June , 2007. 159 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Pato, S.; P. Monteiro; H. J. A. Silva; " Techno-Economical Assessment of 10 Gbits EPON Deployment ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Lima, M. J. N.; A.T. Teixeira; P.S André; R.N. Nogueira; " UMTS Radio Distribution over Transparent Optical Networks ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Optical Components And Sub-Systems Papers in Journals Neto, B.; A.T. Teixeira; N. Wada; P.S André; " Efficient use of hybrid Genetic Algorithms in the gain optimization of distributed Raman amplifiers ", Optics Express , Vol. 15 , No. 26 , pp. 17520 - 17528 , December , 2007 . Neto, B.; P.S André; " Improving the Performance of a 10 Gbit/s Optical Communication System with a Thermally Actuated Chromatic Dispersion Compensator Based on Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings ", Microwave and Optical Tech. Letters , Vol. 49 , No. 1 , pp. 124 - 127 , January , 2007 . André, P.S; L. Costa ; " MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NiFe2O4 NANOPARTICLES FERRITES ", Microwave and Optical Tech. Letters , Vol. 49 , No. 6 , pp. 1341 - 1344 , March , 2007 . Pereira, J. T.; " Modeling the frequency response of p+InP/n-InGaAs/n+InP photodiodes with an arbitrary electric field profile ", COMPEL , Vol. 26 , No. 4 , pp. 1114 - 1122 , April , 2007 . Neto, B.; P.S André; " Modeling the longitudinal temperature evolution of a Chirped fiber Bragg grating submitted to temperature gradients ", Materials Science Forum , Vol. 553 , No. - , pp. 106 - 111 , August , 2007 . 160 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS André, P.S; M. T. Outeiro; H. Kalinowsky; J. Voorman; J. L. Pinto; X Xiangjun; " Optical Fiber Long Period Gratings as Salinity Sensors ", Optical Fiber Technology , April , 2007 . Talaia, M.; O. Abe; M. Schiller; P. Lopes; R.N. Nogueira; J. L. Pinto; " Plated and Intact Femur Strains in Fracture Fixation Using Fiber Bragg Gratings and Strain Gauges ", Experimental Mechanics , Vol. 47 , No. 3 , pp. 355 - 363 , June , 2007 . Muga, N. J.; M. Ferreira; A. N. Pinto; " Polarization Scattering Property of Cascaded Polarization Controllers ", ETRI Transactions , Vol. 29 , No. 6 , pp. 838 - 840 , December , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Meleiro, R.; D.F. Fonseca; J. F. Pina; J. Castro; P.S André; P. Monteiro; " 40 Gb/s CS-RZ to RZ format conversion using a MZI-SOA integrated switch ", Proc Pacific Rim Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics , Seoul , Korea, South , Vol. 1 , pp. 1413 - 1414 , August , 2007 . Fernandes, C. F.; " A comparative analyis of DFB laser structures using matrix techniques ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 275 - 278 , May , 2007 . “Comparative study of gain optimization for multi-pumped Raman fiber amplifiers ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Neto, B.; S. Junior; A.T. Teixeira; P.S André; " Comparative study of gain optimization for multi-pumped Raman fiber amplifiers ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. - , pp. 501 504 , May , 2007 . 161 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Pina, J. F.; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; J. Wang; W. Freude; J. Leuthold; " Cross-Gain Modulation-based 2R Regenerator Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers at 160 Gbit/s ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , Rome , Italy , Vol. 1 , pp. 106 - 109 , July , 2007 . Cani, S.; M. J. Pontes; M. Segatto; M. T. Giraldi; C. A. Procópio; E. C. Souza; A. P. Barbero; A. Cartaxo; " Experimental validation of a new analytical model for gain of broadband Raman amplifiers ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 569 572 , May , 2007 . Pereira, J. T.; " Frequency response analysis of InGaAs/InP photodiodes ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 287 - 290 , May , 2007 . André, P.S; B. Neto; " Improvement of Raman Amplification Gain Tilt Using Incoherent Pump Sources ", Proc OSA Frontiers in Optics , San José , United States , September , 2007 . Ferreira, ; P.S André; R.N. Nogueira; Vicente; Carlos; " Modeling and Characterization of Waveguide Features in Self-Patternable Amine Functionalized Organic-Inorganic Hybrids ", Proc International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC , Salvador , Brazil , October , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; J. Santos; H. J. Silva; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " On triplexer design for next generation Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) systems ", Proc IEEE AccessNets - AccessNets , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada , Vol. Session 3: EPON and Ethernet Networks , August , 2007 . Pina, J. F.; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; J. Wang; W. Freude; J. Leuthold; " Performance Evaluation of Wavelength Conversion at 160 Gbit/s using XGM in Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in MZI 162 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS configuration ", Proc International Conf. on Photonics in Switching - PS , San Francisco , United States , Vol. 1 , pp. 77 - 78 , August , 2007 . Meleiro, R.; J. Castro; P.S André; P. Monteiro; " Performance study of a Time Slot Interchanger based on a MZI-SOA in the switch configuration ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , Rome , Italy , Vol. 1 , pp. 252 - 255 , July , 2007 . Muga, N. J.; A. N. Pinto; M. Ferreira; " Polarization Controller: Angles Configuration and Scattering Properties ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. IM.1 , pp. 243 - 246 , May , 2007 . André, P.S; R.N. Nogueira; Ferreira; Vicente; Carlos; L. Pellegrino; P. Monteiro; " Processing of Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Integrated Optics Filters ", Proc OSA Frontiers in Optics , San José , United States , September , 2007 . Pereira, J. T.; " The effect of the direction of incident light on the frequency response of p-i-n photodiodes ", Proc International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering - ISEF , Prague , Czech Republic , Vol. 1 , pp. 59 60 , September , 2007 . Fernandes, C. F.; " Two DFB Laser Structures Suuitable for SLM Operation ", Proc International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering - ISEF , Prague , Czech Republic , Vol. 1 , pp. 92 - 92 , September , 2007 . 163 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Optical Networking Book Chapters Hajduczenia, M.; A. Kasim; P. Adhikari; N. Chen; N. Finn; P. Havala; M. Howard; K. Kompella; M. Lasserre; R. Metcalfe; " Ethernet over Passive Optical Networks (PON) " - Chapter in Delivering Carrier Ethernet: Extending Ethernet Beyond the LAN , Abdul Kasim , McGraw Hill , New York , 2007. Papers in Journals Pires, J. J. O. ; J. M. Pedro; " Evaluating the Impact of Phsical Impairments on the Blocking Performance of an All-optical WDM Ring under Dynamic Traffic ", Journal of Optical Comm. , Vol. 28 , No. 1/2007 , pp. 66 - 72 , March , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. A. Silva; D.F. Fonseca; P. Monteiro; " Fault Discovery Protocol (FDP) for Passive Optical Networks (PONs) ", Journal of Optical Networking , Vol. 6 , No. 6 , pp. 701 - 718 , June , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. A. Silva; M.M. Freire Freire; P. Monteiro; " On EPON security issues ", IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials ComST , Vol. 9 , No. 1 , pp. 68 - 83 , April , 2007 . Farahmand, F. F. ; V. V. Vokkarane; J. J. Jue; J. Rodrigues; M.M. Freire Freire; " Optical Burst Switching Network: A Multi-layered Approach ", Journal of High Speed Networks , Vol. 16 , No. 2 , pp. 103 - 122 , February , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. Silva; P. Monteiro; " Optimized Passive Optical Network (PON) deployment ", Journal of Optical Networking , Vol. 6 , No. 9 , pp. 1079 - 1104 , August , 2007 . 164 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " Overflow Control Mechanism (OCM) for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) ", Journal of Optical Networking , Vol. 6 , No. 5 , pp. 490 - 513 , May , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Bandwidth-Efficient Optical BurstSwitched Networks based on Traffic Engineering in the Wavelength Domain and Delayed Burst Scheduling ", Proc European Conf. on Optical Communications - ECOC , Berlin , Germany , Vol. 1 , pp. 95 - 96 , September , 2007 . Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Efficient Multi-Path Routing for Optical Burst-Switched Networks ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Efficient Optical Burst-Switched Networks using only Fiber Delay Line Buffers for Contention Resolution ", Proc IEEE BROADNETS , Raleigh , United States , Vol. Workshop on Optical Burst/Packet Switching (WOBS) , September , 2007 . Rodrigues, J.; M.M. Freire Freire; P. Monteiro; " Enhanced Just-in-Time: A New Resource Reservation Protocol for Optical Burst Switching Networks ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Computers and Communications - ISCC , Aveiro , Portugal , Vol. CD-ROM , pp. CD-ROM - CD-ROM , July , 2007 . Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Improving the Performance of Optical Burst-Switched Networks with Limited-Range Wavelength Conversion through Traffic Engineering in the Wavelength Domain ", Proc International Conf. on Information Networking - ICOIN , Estoril , Portugal , January , 2007 . Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Minimizing the Number of Wavelength Converters in Optical Burst-Switched Networks ", Proc IEEE 165 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS International Conf. on Communications - ICC , Glasgow , United Kingdom , June , 2007 . Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " On Fully Exploiting the Space Domain for Contention Resolution/Avoidance in Optical Burst-Switched Networks ", Proc International Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks - ICTON , Rome , Italy , July , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. Silva; P. Monteiro; " On optimized Passive Optical Network (PON) Deployment ", Proc IEEE AccessNets - AccessNets , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada , Vol. Session 5: Access Networks , August , 2007. Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; " Performance Modelling of Optical Burst-Switched Networks with Recirculating Fibre Delay Line Buffers ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Sousa, M.; M.M. Freire Freire; " Performance of Optical Burst Switched Networks for Grid Applications ", Proc International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications , Cap Esterel , France , Vol. 1 , pp. 1 - 6 , August , 2007 . Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Reactive and Proactive Multi-Path Routing Strategies for Optical Burst-Switched Networks ", Proc Symp. on Enabling Optical Networks - SEON , Aveiro , Portugal , June , 2007 . Pedro, J. M.; P. Monteiro; J. J. O. Pires; " Towards Efficient Optical BurstSwitched Networks without All-Optical Wavelength Converters ", Proc Conf. on Optical Networks Design and Modelling - ONDM , Athens , Greece , May , 2007. 166 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS 4.2.7 Other Achievements Patents Methods for estimating self-similarity degree and related estimator"", International patent filed at the European Patent Office, ref. EP 07008084.12413, 20-04-2007, Pedro Inácio, Marek Hajduczenia, Nuno M. Garcia, Paulo P. Monteiro, Henrique Silva, Mário M. Freire. Method to secure the upstream data transmission in an optical network"; International patent filed at the European Patent Office, ref. EP 07017666.41237, 10-09-2007, Marek Hajduczenia, Pedro Inacio, Paulo P. Monteiro, Rui Morais. Method for detection of malign intrusions in a communication system and related detector", International patent number EP 07008085.8-2413, 20-042007, Pedro Inácio, Nuno M. Garcia, Marek Hajduczenia, Paulo P. Monteiro, Henrique Silva, Mário M. Freire. 4.2.8 Other Contributions Conference Committees Symposio Internacional en Comunicación del Conocimiento y Conferencias - CCC, Technical Programme Committee, Rogério Nunes Nogueira, 01-012007 167 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA 4.3 Networks and Multimedia 4.3.1 Coordinators Mário Figueiredo Rui Valadas 4.3.2 Human Resources Overview Degree Aveiro Coimbra Lisboa Full Professor 1 2 3 Associate Professor 1 1 5 Assistant Professor 6 15 19 Post. Doc. 0 0 3 Coordinator Professor 0 3 0 Assistant Lecturer 0 6 0 PhD Student 5 14 30 MSc Student 6 3 3 Graduate 10 1 1 TOTAL 29 45 64 Table 23 – Overview of human resources in Networks and Multimedia Area 169 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Permanent Collaborators Name Degree Position Group Amílcar Sernadas Agregação Full Professor SQIG Aníbal Oliveira Duarte Agregação Full Professor NMMC - Av Luís Borges de Almeida Agregação Full Professor NMMC Luís Sá Agregação Full Professor SIP - Co Fernando Pereira Agregação Associate Professor Image Mário Figueiredo Agregação Associate Professor CTPR Mário Freire Agregação Associate Professor NMMC - Co Paulo Mateus Agregação Assistant Professor SQIG Rui Valadas Agregação Associate Professor NMMC - Av Abel João Gomes PhD Associate Professor NMMC – Co José Brázio PhD Associate Professor NMMC – Lx João Luís Sobrinho PhD Associate Professor NMMC – Lx Rui Rocha PhD Associate Professor NMMC – Lx Fernando Lopes PhD Coordinator Professor SIP - Co Pedro Assunção PhD Coordinator Professor SIP - Co Sérgio Faria PhD Coordinator Professor SIP - Co Amaro Sousa PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Av Ana Fred PhD Assistant Professor CTPR 170 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Name Degree Position Group Ana Gualdina Matos PhD Assistant Professor SQIG António Almeida PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Lx António Ravara PhD Assistant Professor SQIG António Nogueira PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Av Carlos Caleiro PhD Assistant Professor SQIG Celino José Martins Miguel PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Edgar Pereira PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Fernando Manuel Martins PhD Assistant Professor NMMC - Co Fernando Perdigão PhD Assistant Professor SIP- Co Francisco Fontes PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Av Frutuoso da Silva PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Hugo Pedro Proença PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Jaime Arsénio Brito Ramos PhD Assistant Professor SQIG Jan Gunnar Cederquist PhD Assistant Professor SQIG João Rasga PhD Assistant Professor SQIG João Barros PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Lx Joel José Puga C. Rodrigues PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Luís A. Alexandre PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Luís Cruz PhD Assistant Professor SIP - Co 171 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Name Degree Position Group Luís Ducla Soares PhD Assistant Professor Image Maria Manuela C. Pereira de Sousa PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Maria Paula Prata de Sousa PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Maria Paula Queluz PhD Assistant Professor Image Miguel Raul Dias Rodrigues PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Lx Miguel Tavares Coimbra PhD Assistant Professor NMMC - Lx Paul Andrew Crocker PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Paulo Correia PhD Assistant Professor Image Paulo Nunes PhD Assistant Professor Image Paulo Salvador Ferreira PhD Assistant Professor SIP – Co Pedro Araújo PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Co Pedro Miguel Adão PhD Assistant Professor SQIG Susana Sargento PhD Assistant Professor NMMC – Av Rui Prior PhD Assistant Professor NMMC - Lx Victor Silva PhD Assistant Professor SIP - Co Cláudio Alberto Hermida PhD Pos-Doc SQIG Lau Phooi Yee PhD Pos-Doc Image Nikola Paunkovic PhD Pos-Doc SQIG Graduate Researcher NMMC - Av Vasco Lagarto Table 24 – Permanent Collaborators working in the Networks and Multimedia Area 172 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Other Collaborators Name Degree Position Group Walter Alexandre Carnielli PhD Full Professor SQIG André Zuquete PhD Assistant Professor NMMC - Av Yasser Omar PhD Assistant Professor SQIG Carla Calado Lopes MSc Assistant Lecturer SIP – Co Marco Gomes MSc Assistant Lecturer SIP - Co Paulo Paiva Monteiro MSc Assistant Lecturer SIP - Co Pedro Daniel Correia MSc Assistant Lecturer SIP – Co Gonçalo Vinhas Leitão Graduate Assistant Professor NMMC – Co João Paulo Cordeiro Graduate Assistant Lecturer NMMC – Co João Carlos Silvestre Graduate Assistant Lecturer SIP- Co André Lourenço MSc PhD Student CTPR António Carlos Oliveira Júnior MSc PhD Student NMMC – Lx Artur Ferreira MSc PhD Student CTPR Catarina Brites MSc PhD Student Image Carlos Jorge Santiago MSc PhD Student NMMC – Av David Coutinho Gomes Antão MSc PhD Student CTPR Diogo Gomes MSc PhD Student NMMC – Av 173 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Name Degree Position Group Gabriel Falcão Fernandes MSc PhD Student NMMC – Co Gerhard Maierbacher MSc PhD Student NMMC – Lx Henrique José Monteiro Oliveira MSc PhD Student Image João Ascenso MSc PhD Student Image Karina Roggia MSc PhD Student SQIG Luísa Mariana Araújo Lima MSc PhD Student NMMC – Lx Manuel Mota Ferreira MSc PhD Student NMMC - Lx Nuno Rodrigues MSc PhD Student SIP – Co Pawel Andruszkiewicz MSc PhD Student NMMC – Co Tomás Brandão MSc PhD Student NMMC – Lx Adriano Nunes Raposo Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Co Alfredo Miguel Matos Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Av Filipe Cruz Gomes Soares Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Co João Vasco Paulo Gomes Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Co Eduardo Marta Graduate PhD Student SIP - Co Emanuel Martins Graduate PhD Student SIP - Co Fahram Riaz Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Lx Hugo Gambôa Graduate PhD Student CTPR João Barraca Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Av 174 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Name Degree Position Group João Paulo Vilela Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Lx João Pedro Oliveira Graduate PhD Student CTPR Luís David Moreira Pedrosa Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Lx Mariana Almeida Graduate PhD Student CTRP Maxime Gamboni Graduate PhD Student SQIG Miguel Pereira dos Santos Silva Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Lx Nuno Manuel Garcia Santos Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Co Paulo Alexandre Silva Neves Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Co Paulo Pais Fazendeiro Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Co Paulo Vasco Oliveira Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Av Pedro Baltazar Graduate PhD Student SQIG Pedro José Ribeiro Graduate PhD Student SQIG Pedro Miguel Brandão Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Lx Pedro Ricardo Morais Inácio Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Co Ricardo João Gonçalves Graduate PhD Student SQIG Rui Costa Cardoso Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Co Rui Filipe Mendes Alves Costa Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Lx Sandra Jardim Graduate PhD Student CTPR Sérgio Crisóstomo Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Lx 175 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Name Degree Position Group Sérgio Marcelino Graduate PhD Student SQIG Sónia Pelizzari Graduate PhD Student CTPR Vasco Nuno Gama Soares Graduate PhD Student NMMC - Co Vitor Marques Graduate PhD Student NMMC – Av Duarte Palma Graduate MSc Student Image Fernando Bastos Graduate MSc Student NMMC – Av Fábio Hedayioglu Graduate MSc Student NMMC – Lx Hugo Silva Graduate MSc Student CTPR Jorge Gonçalves Graduate MSc Student NMMC – Av Lino Miguel Ferreira Graduate MSc Student SIP - Co Nuno Silva Graduate MSc Student NMMC – Av Pedro Alexandre Gonçalves Graduate MSc Student NMMC - Av Pedro Naia Neves Graduate MSc Student NMMC - Av Rui Pires Fernandes Graduate MSc Student SIP - Co Sandro Moiron Graduate MSc Student SIP - Co Álvaro Henriques Gomes Graduate Researcher RMOM – AV Cláudio Ribeiro Neves Graduate Researcher SIP - Co Diogo Resende Rainho Graduate Graduate NMMC – Av Filipe Cabral Pinto Graduate Researcher NMMC – Av 176 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Name Degree Position Group Henrique Teixeira de Sousa Graduate Researcher NMMC – Av João Ferreira da Silva Graduate Researcher NMMC – Av Luís Miguel Silva Graduate Researcher NMMC – Av Pedro Capão Graduate Researcher RMOM - Av Ricardo Guerra Pereira Graduate Researcher NMMC - Av Ricardo Jorge Alves Cordeiro Graduate Researcher NMMC - Av Rui Policarpo Duarte Graduate Researcher NMMC - Lx Vitor Simões Ribeiro Graduate Researcher NMMC - Av Table 25 – Non-permanent Collaborators working in the Neteworks and Multimedia Area 177 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA 4.3.3 Summary of Research Achievements The work in the area of Networks and Multimedia is organized in several topics: - Architectures and protocols; - Security and quantum information; - Traffic engineering; - Network operations, management, and planning; - Network applications and services - Processing, analysis and coding of audio and visual information; - Pattern recognition and automatic learning; In the following, we briefly summarize the main achievements in each of these topics. Architectures And Protocols Modern mathematical foundations of computer networks Following our work on the development of an algebra to describe Internet routing (both intra and inter domain), we concentrated this year in the preparation and lecturing of an innovative and advanced course on the modern mathematical foundations of computer networks. The syllabus of the course includes network connectivity; network optimization; network routing; network calculus; and network coding. In preparing lecture notes for the course, synergies among those topics were uncovered and new research topics were delineated. Transport architectures for satellite networks We have studied congestion control algorithms and architectures for the acceleration of HTTP in inter-operable satellite network Performance Enhancing Proxies, in the context of a research contract with the European Space Agency. The work performed consisted of the setup of a simulation environment for the evaluation of the performance of the congestion control algorithm developed in the project and an extensive simulation study of its performance in a variety of environments and parameter settings. We have also developed a test plan and laboratory setup for the subsequent evaluation of the performance of a prototype 178 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA implementation in a real or emulated environment. Moreover, work has been done towards the performance evaluation of equation-based congestion control algorithms and of architectural solutions involving exchange of cross-layer parameters. Advanced IP based network laboratory In this activity, we have implemented a state-of-the-art network laboratory infrastructure where research on IP based network architectures and protocols can be evaluated and validated. This lab infrastructure is composed by a core network (supporting MPLS, IntServ, DiffServ, Multicast, IPv6, …), an Ethernet Metro network, a wireless WiFi and WiMax network together with the required service components to run VoIP, IP video-conference and IP video streaming (and/or multicasting). In 2007, the infrastructure has been acquired and put in operation. The service components are fully operational: (1) VoIP has extended the internal telephone infrastructure of IT-Aveiro; (2) IP video-conference is available between all three IT sites through Internet and (3) some events (workshops, PhD public examinations, seminars, etc) have been captured and made available through high quality IP streaming. The network components are supporting research activities in the fields: traffic engineering on metro Ethernet, routing with QoS support, and WiMax support of heterogeneous communications. Heterogeneous networking issues Research has been performed in heterogeneous networks, focused on the evolution towards fixed and mobile, convergent, next generation architectures. This work covered areas of: QoS support across different technologies and networks (infrastructure and ad-hoc) and over different administrative domains; ad-hoc and moving network environments integrated in the common architecture; mixed mobility types with QoS integration and mobility management in multi-access environments, using IEEE 802.21 to support media independent handovers, and mechanisms for intelligent handover decisions commonly performed by the user and network (specific technologies supported: Ethernet, 802.11, 802.16 and DVB); multicast communications with QoS and mobility; mobility of both mobility of the listeners and of the sources in multicast environments, where the movement of sources is made transparent to the receivers; real-time bidirectional communications in unidirectional technologies (DVB), making use of a different 179 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA technology return channel, covering aspects of QoS and mobility; IP-oriented resource management; grids in mobile environments; QoS support for WLANs and WMANs (IEEE 802.16); wireless sensor networks; and privacy support using virtual identities and identity based mobility. The specification studies have been done and evaluation and implementation has started. Also, a prototype is being built and integration work of the developed modules is being addressed. A large demonstrator with scenarios of pervasiveness, multiple technology and networks handovers and inter-domain concepts is being setup. During this period, we have also prototyped several Resource Management Entities with different characteristics and goals. Recently, we have worked on a Resource and Admission Control SubSystem (RACS) prototype with a generic architecture, based on the results of the previous project, to answer to next generation networks requirements. This developments are inline with standards, mainly with ETSI/TISPAN and are enhanced with IP mobility support. The developed Resource and Admission Control entity, can be spread over the network, providing a decentralized architecture in order to be scalable and provide better performance. IMS signaling is supported for session initialization. Resource Admission Control entities have two main roles, i) admission control for new flows and ii) network elements configuration (policy enforcement). Network policies for a particular sessions is, at the moment, enforced in WIMAX and ADSL components. The admission control process is feed with network measurements. In this way we developed a active measurement platform for IP networks, addressing layer 3 and 4. To configure and retrieve information from the entity, a web-based application was developed and state of the art protocol was used to that interaction. In this same scope, the QoS-aware version of two applications (telemedicine and e-learning) has been used to demonstrate and validate the concept of application-driven end-to-end QoS. The application-centric approach proposed offers applications the capability to request and control the network resources it needs on a dynamic basis and provides a promising solution to enable the widespread use of QoS-sensitive applications (e.g. telemedicine) over public IP network infrastructures. Multimedia communication architectures and protocols Recently, we have worked on an enhanced end-to-end MBMS system level simulator (3GPP R6 MBMS Reference Model), with focus on Macro Diversity Combining, using OPNET. The Selective Combining and Maximum Ratio Combining 180 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA were the methods used for improving the MBMS radio interface. It was developed an integrated IMS-MBMS layered framework, which is inline with the existing standards frameworks and architectures and offers a complete end-to-end design allowing interactive mobile TV services and Web 2.0 content to be distributed in an efficient way within mobile communities. The BM-SC (Broadcast Multicast Service Centre) functionalities were spread over an enhanced IMS architecture in order to support multicast bearers. Based on the evolved system, a complete signaling was developed allowing IMS users to distribute multimedia content to groups of users over unicast, multicast and broadcast bearers. To manage the data generated by the several sources, enterprises and end-users, it was defined a Content Information Inventory (content and file detail and useful data) and a Metadata Protocol Schema Definition (XML Schema) used to organize content information. It was also defined the most suitable protocol to transfer data from the content provider to the operator, or service provider, and the most appropriate content format for upload and streaming. Home networks and residential gateways The specification, implementation and demonstration of a solution for e-Care services based on the results of the previous project IST@Home proves the concept of this tele-care innovative solution. It includes different pieces needed for this complete pack of services (e.g. emergency/panic alarm, video-telephony, remembers, medical vital signs measurements): e-Care Service Centre with SQL database and several operator’s positions, OSGi Service Centre enabling the lifecycle full control of each service available in each client, OSGi enabled Home Gateway with QoS for the LAN and WAN sides, and IP terminals connected through several different broadband LAN technologies. Additional requirements/features have been added to this OSGi enabled Home Gateway due to our participation in MUSE project, namely an EAP authentication process using IEEE 802.1X standard. Some indicators about the value chain of the new home and SOHO services have been obtained in OSIAN project, allowing one more clear picture of the possible Telco revenues. Integrated on last year projects of LEET degree some research and developments have been made on no-intrusive tele-surveillance associated also to movement detectors. Several alternatives to the UTPcat5e structured network were tested (e.g. PLC, Wi-Fi, HPNA), namely the newest 200Mbps DS2 PLC solution with the direct support from the manufacture, allowing a deep knowledge of this 181 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA technology. These results were integrated and presented in a PT Inovação internal project, enabling the collaboration in the initial specification for the PTCom commercial Triple-Play deployment. Wireless ad-hoc and mesh networks Mobility between ad-hoc and infrastructure networks, through the help of 802.21 Media Independent Handovers, is also being addressed, and a demonstrator is being built to demonstrate its feasibility. Work has been done on Wireless mesh networks on the community-oriented architecture, from the physical layer to the application layer, in which the self-organization mechanisms apply in a general way to the communities’ concept. In this sense, the communication between several nodes requires a cross-layer interaction and agreements between different types of communities. Management concepts applicable to such an environment are being developed.Optimizations to mobility on wireless mesh networks were also proposed and evaluated in ns-2. Wireless access networks The IEEE 802.16 standard represents the state-of-the-art in technology for metropolitan area broadband wireless access networks. The point-to-multipoint (PMP) mode of IEEE 802.16 has been designed to enable quality of service (QoS) in operator-controlled networks and, thus, is foreseen to complement existing third generation cellular networks. In contrast, the optional mesh mode of operation in IEEE 802.16 enables the setup of self-organizing wireless multi-hop mesh networks. A distinguishing characteristic of the IEEE 802.16 standard is its support for QoS at the MAC layer. However, the QoS specifications and mechanisms for the PMP and the mesh mode are not consistent. Research has been performed to integrate a novel QoS architecture in order to enhance the IEEE 802.16 mesh mode of operation. In particular, we have evaluated scheduling algorithms and admission control mechanisms, and the tradeoffs involved when implementing such mechanisms in 802.16 mesh mode, focusing on the efficient management of the available bandwidth resources. In order to evaluate and validate the performance of the developed mechanisms, a simulation study is being developed, based on the NS2 and NCTUS simulation tools. 182 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Wireless LANs We studied a modification of the current DCF CSMA/CA protocol used in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks to improve the medium occupancy by promoting bidirectional data exchanges upon a single RTS/CTS handshake. This fact reduces the number of RTS/CTS handshakes required when two STAs have simultaneously data to send to each other. Consequently, reduces the number of RTS collisions and the time the medium stays idle when STAs wait before starting an RTS race for reserving the medium. Unlike other similar approaches, the NAV information kept by STAs in the neighbourhood of the STAs performing a bidirectional data exchange is maintained accurate by means of the usual RTS, CTS and ACK management frames. Fairness in the medium reservation by STAs is kept because all STAs use the same CW and backoff policy. However, bidirectional data exchanges may overrule FIFO transmission policies in STAs output queues, because frames in the middle of queues may be transmitted when there is a suitable medium reservation opportunity. Consequently, some frames in output queues may be delayed and overpassed by others. To overcome excessive frame delaying, STAs may become more aggressive towards the medium reservation when frames at the head of queues are over delayed. A simple counter per frame is enough for detecting excessive delays, and medium reservation aggressiveness can be implemented with dynamic, temporary CW reductions. Mathematical foundations of sensor networks We showed that currently available distributed coding schemes for sensor networks are not scalable in the sense that their complexity grows exponentially in the number of sensor nodes. We proceeded to provide novel large-scale solutions based on scalar quantizers with optimized index assignments and belief propagation techniques. Part of this work exploited connections between coding theory and number theory. We formulated the problem of data gathering in sensor networks with mobile nodes as one of random walks over random geometric graphs and computed new bounds for the coverage time. We collaborated in the development of a novel calculus for sensor networks, based upon which one can develop a new programming language for this class of distributed systems. Motivated by a sensing applications, in which we may not be interested in acquiring all the data picked up by a group of sensors but only a function thereof (e.g. the average or the 183 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA maximum), we attacked the problem of computing functions from sensor data transmitted over noisy channel. Our main contribution is a set of optimal message passing algorithms for efficient inference in several relevant instances of this problem. Fundamental Limits of Dual Radio Networks Using tools from random graph theory, we computed bounds on the connectivity and capacity of networks in which some of the nodes are equipped with two different wireless interfaces. Security andquantum information Commitment Capacity of Gaussian Channels In secure multi-party computation problems, two or more users hold different pieces of data and wish to collaborate in computing a function of all the data without disclosing the information they hold. When constructing protocols for this problem, one is often confronted with the need for a partner to commit to a certain value without revealing that value to the other partners. We provided a new scheme for establishing this type of commitment over discrete memoryless channels and showed that the aforementioned scheme can also be used in Gaussian channels, whose commitment capacity (i.e. the maximum rate at which we can commit to string of values) was shown to be infinite by earlier work of ours. Physical-Layer Security: Theory and Practice We broke the ground for information-theoretic security over wireless channels by showing, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that the physical properties of the wireless fading channels can be exploited both in theory and in practice for secure communication through coding, even when the eavesdropper has a better average signal-to-noise than the legitimate partners. This fundamental insight has contributed to a considerable surge in research efforts on physical-layer security around the world. Reputation-based Security for Ad-hoc Networks We developed the first reputation based security scheme for the Optimized Link State Routing protocol, one of the four routing protocols that were standardized for mobile ad-hoc networks. 184 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Network Coding Security We showed that random linear network coding, in which intermediate nodes in a network are allowed to mix different information flows by means of algebraic operations, offers an intrinsic level of security and provided evidence for the interplay between network coding security and network topology. Network Coding Protocols for Secret Key Distribution We developed secret key distribution protocols that exploit the presence of a mobile node and the benefits of network coding to achieve higher efficiency and robustness against common attacks in sensor networks. Security in 802.11 LANs We studied a new approach for achieving fast, 802.1X-like authentications during 802.11 handover reassociations. Our approach was to recover the original 802.11 paradigm, using authentications prior to reassociations. This way, we can remove reauthentication delays from handover outage delays, since reauthentications can be executed before reassociations. Furthermore, we are able to authenticate authentication requests and reassociation requests/responses, which is useful against DoS attacks. The proposed architecture uses a key hierarchy starting in EMSK and a Reauthentication Service for dealing with reauthentications of STAs. This new service can be implemented by an Authentication Service or by an HOKEY server. Finally, we do not require special configuration facilities from network equipments, no topological information regarding the actual deployment of APs and no homogeneity among facilities provided by APs (e.g. heterogeneous cipher suits). Detection of Zombie PCs Today, one of the most important threats to personal and corporate Internet security is the proliferation of Zombie PCs operating as an organized network. The detection of zombie PCs is currently performed at the network and PC levels but any one of these options presents important security flaws: at the PC level, antivirus, anti-spyware and personal firewalls are ineffective in the detection of Zombie PCs that are compromised via new or target-specific malicious software while, at the network level, network firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems were developed to protect the network from external attacks but they were not designed to detect and protect against vulnerabilities that are already present inside the local 185 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA area network. We have developed a new approach for the identification of zombie PCs that tries to overcome some of the limitations of existing approaches, while being computationally efficient and easy to deploy. The approach is based on neural networks and is able to detect Zombie PCs based on the historical traffic profile presented by each legitimate and illegitimate network application. Process calculi for specifying security protocols A thoroughly study of the behavioral theory of epi, a pi-calculus extended with polyadic synchronization was made. As an example of the calculus' expressive power, (symmetrical) cryptographic primitives were defined, and it was shown that these primitives are derivable constructs, ie, epi with cryptographic primitives may be fully abstractly encoded in the original language. The proposed encoding is sound and complete with respect to barbed congruence. Therefore, cryptographic epi gets behavioural theory for free. The calculus is illustrated by specifying several security protocols. . Verification of security protocols with quantum information A complete tableaux calculus was proposed for Distributed Temporal Logic. Completeness and complexity results were obtained for temporal extensions of exogenous quantum and probabilistic propositional logic. The SAT problem for exogenous probabilistic logic was shown to be in PSPACE and the SAT problem for its temporal extension to be EXPTIME complete. These logics have been used successfully for specifying and verifying security protocols with (and also without) quantum information, such as quantum one-time pad and BB84. An algorithm was proposed for deciding the correctness of bounded space and time imperative programs, using linear algebra techniques encoded in the theory of real closed fields. The approach is shown to be feasible for classical, probabilisitic and quantum programs, namely cryptographic ones. . Cryptoanalysis of privacy enhancement tools Tamper-proof hardware was used to perform several offline privacy attacks, namely to undeniable and ring signatures. More precisely, the notion of deniable authentication, which should come from zero-knowledge, was defeated and proofs of possession for secret keys were denied. The attacks were formalized in the so called universal trusted agent model. This model defines an oracle relative to which 186 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA classical zero-knowledge is not deniable any longer. It is shown how a ring member, who did not produce a given valid ring signature, could deny it and thus break anonymity. Key registration models we also investigated and it was shown that registering to a trusted authority without escrowing some sensitive information cannot help to restore some cryptographic properties which are needed for privacy. Quantum information The interplay between the particle indistinguishability and entanglement-based spatial and spin-like quantum correlations was explored on the case of a simple bipartite system and its applications in quantum information protocols (entanglement swapping and optimal state discrimination) were studied. The information-based approach to quantum phase transitions was further extended to the cases of BCS superconductivity and Stoner-Hubbard models. The extensions to the cases of general (thermal) phase transitions were also understood.. Design of new security protocols A fair contract signing protocol was propose using quantum tamper-proof devices. In the proposed protocol the signing agents do not need to communicate with a third trusted party during the signing phase, which has been proved to be impossible using only classical information in asynchronous networks. The protocol relies on decoherence of quantum information to encode a global clock that works as a synchronization mechanism. The protocol is can be implemented with existing quantum technology. Traffic Engineering Network modeling for performance prediction Nowadays, wired and wireless network traffic exhibits peculiar and unpredictable behaviors that can be attributed to the combination of different factors: the varying number of users, the capacity of the network access links/points, network traffic matrices, users' mobility, background traffic, diversity of applications, services and user behaviors. This scenario creates an increasing need for tools that can cope with the continuous appearance of new applications and QoS requirements and is able to aid in the global management tasks of IP networks. We have developed a general approach to model wired and wireless packet switching networks that is based only on traffic measurements (or traffic generated by simulation) and does 187 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA not require any information on the network structure, traffic routing or users' mobility. The network model is built from a set of (past) measurements of the inbound/outbound traffic at each access link or access point (in the wireless context) and of the corresponding Quality of Service (QoS); the model can then be used to predict the (future) QoS based only on the inbound/outbound traffic. There are no restrictions to the type of metrics that characterize the QoS. The general approach/model was then adapted to some particular network types: wireless networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, wired local area networks and access networks. Each developed modelling framework was able to achieve excellent performance in terms of predicting QoS at multiple gateways, wireless access points or access links, even when there were significant changes in the number of network users. Detection of Internet applications We have developed a software framework for processing IP traffic flows, enabling the calculation of a set of relevant statistical parameters and the identification of the underlying IP applications by using payload analysis techniques. The proposed framework was able to achieve good identification results and was incorporated in DTMS-P2P monitoring platform as a module that can be used at each probe for traffic engineering purposes. We have developed a new approach, based on neural networks, that is able to identify flow patterns generated by P2P Internet applications while overcoming the limitations of existing identification approaches. The results obtained show that, when conveniently trained, neural networks constitute a valuable tool to identify P2P Internet applications since they are able to achieve good performance results while, at the same time, avoid the most important disadvantages presented by the other identification methods. Congestion control in packet networks Implementation of end-to-end congestion control schemes for the Internet, alternative to current TCP procedures. In particular, testing of mechanisms for TCP sources envisaging high-speed networks with significant delays. Also, focus on procedures for TCP sources, envisaging heterogeneous networks (i.e. networks with wired and wireless links). Implementation and testing of router-assisted congestion control mechanisms for TCP (i.e. modified TCP sources with explicit congestion signaling triggered by the active participation of routers). 188 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Capacity and cross-traffic estimations Work has been started on the evaluation of estimation of the link capacity and its available bandwidth in wireless networks. The work done in this area aims at an estimation methodology able to measure the capacity and the cross-traffic of wireless links, with plans to extend them to mesh networks. Design and traffic engineering of MPLS and MPLS over WDM networks Multiple service network design is being addressed taking particular attention to both single layer design (MPLS networks) and multi-layer design (MPLS over WDM networks). On the single layer case, the PhD workplan of Carlos Borges Lopes was concluded in 2007. On the MPLS over WDM network case, network design problems were addressed which are a combined WDM lightpath routing, core LSR placement and LSP routing aiming to determine the least cost network solution. In particular, a cost penalty characterization for different degrees of survivability on the network was conducted based on modelling techniques developed in previous years. A paper will be published on March of 2008 in the “Networks and Spatial Economics” journal. On the MPLS over WDM case, the traffic engineering problem is also being addressed aiming to minimize the routing hop-count while guaranteeing network survivability based on multiple disjoint paths. A paper will be published on 2008 in the form of a book Chapter with a selected set of papers to be presented on the 2008 INFORMS Telecommunications Conference. These activities have been done in collaboration with Prof. Luis Gouveia (Departamento de Estatística e Investigação Operacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa). Traffic engineering of Metro Ethernet networks In this activity, we address the problem of how to use the IEEE 802.1S Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) to improve load balance, service disruption and survivability of Metro Ethernet networks. We have developed a heuristic optimization algorithm to optimize load balance and minimize service disruption which was published on an international workshop. We have also started two lines of research. In the first line of research, a pos-doc workplan was started to define optimization models and to develop suitable solving techniques able to obtain optimal solutions for the traffic engineering problems. This activity is being conducted in collaboration with Prof. Filipe Alvélos (Departamento de Produção e Sistemas, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade do Minho). In the second line of 189 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA research, we have started the development of a traffic engineering server able to read and configure the switches in a remote manner based on SNMP. The aim of this server is to set up a lab infrastructure (using the Advanced IP based Network Laboratory) where the optimization algorithms can be tested and evaluated. Optical burst switched networks Work continued on the study of the influence of several parameters in the performance of optical burst switched networks. We also continued the development of a simulation tool to support our studies. Regarding OBS simulation tools, we studied and compared the four most relevant simulators used in scientific and academic research to model OBS networks (Network Simulator 2 (ns-2), OBSns Simulator, NCTUns, and OBSsimulator). Wireless Sensor Networks This year we start a preparatory research work on wireless sensor networks (WSNs), mainly, with the state-of-the-art related with medical applications and biofeedback. In order to find a good simulation tool to support our studies, we compare three available tools for WSNs: Network Simulator 2 (ns-2), Java Simulator (J-Sim) and Sensor Network Emulator and Simulator (SENSE). After study each simulator in terms of its features, a view on current applications of WSNs on medicine and a comparison of the simulators, we conclude that SENSE presents the better approach for WSNs. Network Operations, Management and Planning Network measurement platforms We continued the development of the DTMS-P2P (Distributed Traffic Measurement System with a Peer-to-Peer Architecture) platform, adding new functionalities and modules (like the traffic identification module). The DTMS-P2P system creates an overlay network to allow the configuration of test sessions at remote locations and the replication and retrieval of the obtained results. The system can be used to perform both active and passive measurements and the adoption of a P2P architecture allows high tolerance to failures and distributed storage of measured data, being also advantageous for traffic monitoring in wide area network environments. Work has also been performed in the development of network 190 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA probes to measure voice trunking service quality in an IP network. For that purpose, MGCP and RTP/RTCP packets are captured in real time and results and correlated. The work required the detailed study of the referred protocols and also a careful software implementation, complemented by kernel optimization in order to achieved the required performance levels. Measurements include packet loss, delay, jitter and voip sessions characterization (start/end time, packets transferred, etc). In addition MOS is measured and session can be saved. Network Applications and Services Application Servers for Next Generations Networks (NGN) Study of Service Delivery Platforms (SDP) on NGN environments, in particular, for SIP and IMS networks. The JLSEE “mobicents” Application Server was used as a SIP/IMS Application Server, hosting the next generation applications. A prototype of a subscriber and administrator portals was implemented, for the purpose of configuring services running on the SIP/IMS Application Server. Service Orchestration and Messaging in Service Oriented Architectures Using the latest orchestration and composition techniques (BPEL4WS) a prototype has been built, addressing Service Provisioning on ADSL networks. In particular, the experimentations used the JBoss J2EE container with the jBPM tool, as well as the Oracle BPEL Process Manager tool. Service Activation EJBs (Enterprise Java Beans) have been exposed has Web Services, in accordance to the J2EE 1.4 standard. The latest messaging technology (JMS – Java Message Service) has been studied and tested, serving as a software backbone to plug-in services/components in a loosely coupled manner. The TMForum SID model was used as the information model on the JMS bus, and a set of adapters have been built to connect the different systems to the JMS bus. Processing, Analysis and Coding of Audio and Visual Information Distributed video coding In 2007, the Image Group continued to have distributed video coding as its main activity in the video coding area. Emphasis has been put on Wyner-Ziv coding, a particular case of distributed video coding. Among the issues addressed are: 1. Definition of efficient encoder rate control solutions for transform domain Wyner-Ziv 191 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA video coding; 2. Exploitation of adaptive hash-based side information for efficient Wyner-Ziv video coding; 3. Definition of efficient request stopping methods at the turbo decoder for Wyner-Ziv video coding; 4. Stereo video coding using a side information fusion approach; 5. Study of the GOP size impact on the performance of a feedback channel-based Wyner-Ziv video codec; 6. Study of the error resilience performance for a feedback channel based transform domain Wyner-Ziv video codec. Following these contributions, which were published at major conferences and journals, the Image Group maintained its top rank place within research groups working on distributed video coding. Rate contro In 2007, we have continued to address the problem of rate control both for objectbased and frame-based coding architectures. In 2007, the main issues addressed were: 1. Definition of a rate control architecture for joint object-based MPEG-4 video encoding; 2. Joint bit-allocation strategies for multi-sequence H.264/AVC video coding rate control; 3. Improved feedback compensation mechanisms for multiple video object encoding rate control Generic audiovisual content automatic summarization In this topic, we have proposed and evaluates a fully automatic summarization application for generic audiovisual based on MPEG-7 compliant hierarchical summary descriptions, which allows providing flexibility, low complexity, and interoperability. The novelty of the solution regarded the exploitation of a three features, low-level arousal model to generate the summary metadata needed to instantiate MPEG-7 compliant summary descriptions with all the advantages this brings. Moreover, a novel, solid evaluation study has been performed. Quality evaluation During 2007, research as been focused on no-reference metrics for quality evaluation of still images and video sequences, subject to lossy encoding (e.g., JPEG, MPEG-2 and H.264). A new quality metric, based on DCT coefficients statistics, has been developed and shown to provide better quality estimates than previous state-of-the art algorithms. Our main results for still images have been reported in a paper accepted for publication in the ''Signal Processing'' journal (to appear in April 2008); the extension of the method to video sequences is still undergoing work. 192 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Object-based video coding In 2007 the research activity in this topic lead to the proposal of an improved rate control architecture for jointly encoding multiple video objects in compliance with various MPEG-4 Visual video profiles. Still in this area, innovative contributions have been made on new buffer and video object distortion feedback compensation mechanisms for efficiently dealing with deviations between the ideal and the actual behavior of video scene encoders when jointly encoding multiple arbitrarily shaped video objects in the context of compliant low-delay object-based MPEG-4 video coding. The proposed solution outperforms the non-normative MPEG-4 reference rate control algorithm for a wide range of bit rates and spatio-temporal resolutions, for typical test sequences. Additionally, in 2007, the problem of jointly encoding multiple video sequences (MVSs) with the H.264/AVC video coding standard has been addressed. Jointly controlling the encoding of multiple video sequences (VSs) allows the dynamical allocation of the overall available resources (e.g., bit rate and buffer space) along time and between the various VSs to encode; this brings a better rate-distortion (RD) trade-off, notably, when compared with single VS encoding with a rigid allocation of resources. The major achievement of this activity has been a new method for joint bit allocating taking into the account the frame coding complexity and the coding type weight of each frame to be encoded for each joint encoding time instant that is able to achieve higher average picture quality and lower quality variations along time and between the various video sequences, when compared with independent sequence encoding derived from JM reference model rate control solution for H.264/AVC. Finally, by the end of 2007, a new research activity has been initiated addressing the problem of how to efficiently combine error resilience and rate-control techniques for frame-based video coding systems. Results for this activity will be available in 2008. Image restoration A new method for blind and semi-blind image deblurring has been developed. The method, which requires only very weak assumptions on the original image and on the blurring operator, is much more general than other methods known to date. It uses a prior on images that privileges those with sparse edges, and employs a guidance technique, for the optimization, that starts with the strongest and biggest features of the image, progressively taking into account smaller and weaker details. 193 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA The assumptions on the blurring operator are that it has a finite support and that it has a generally low-pass character. The assumption on the original images that were subjected to blurring is that they have sharp, sparse edges, as most natural images do. Experimental results show that, even for very ill-posed blurring operators, the result of deblurring is quite good. Tests on out-of-focus and motionblurred photographs also show significant improvements. The method can also be applied to other kinds of images, like astronomical ones and those resulting from xrays, tomography and magnetic resonance, for example. Video error resilience In 2007, research on error resilience for object-based video coding systems has finally reached an end. This activity continued to address the problem of maximizing the decoded video quality when transmitting object-based video data through error prone channels. The major achievement has been the proposal of a complete error resilient object-based video coding architecture, which integrates several complementary error resilience techniques in the relevant modules at the encoder and decoder sides of a typical object-based video coding system. Additionally, in 2007, the error resilience capabilities of Wyner-Ziv video coding has been also considered. The major achievement has been a formal study fo the error resilience performance of a transform domain Wyner-Ziv video codec (relying on a feedback channel) using appropriate scenarios and conditions, notably in comparison with the best performing H.264/AVC standard. At the end of 2007, research on how to efficiently combine error resilience and rate-control techniques for frame-based video coding systems was started, but results will only be available in 2008. Image and video processing and analysis On this research front, our work has focused on the following directions: 1) video analysis of underwater images, in cooperation with INRB/IPIMAR, to quantify the abundance of Norway lobster in the Portuguese Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. 2) Video analysis of road pavement images for detection of surface cracks in highways. 3) Automatic detection and recognition of traffic signs, using a database of Portuguese traffic signs created for this purpose. 4) People recognition using biometrics. 5) Analysis of gastrointestinal images obtained from wireless capsule endoscopy. 6) A new method for the detection of polyps in endoscopic images was 194 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA developed and published. 7) An iris classification approach using multiple signatures was developed and published. 8) A method to increase the robustness to noisy imaging environments through the selection of the higher discriminating features was developed and published. The research in this area has also focused on problems involving remote sensing imagery, namely the combination of multi-sensor indexes and the problem of contextual classification of images. For the second case, a novel approach based on spanning forests has been developed. Computer Graphics The research activity was concentrated on the multiresolution analysis and data structures for geometric models. simplification algorithms for The work carried out was focused on polygonal meshes and in the compression, transmission and progressive visualization of 3D geometric models. Some work was also initiated in virtual environments and graphics for mobile devices. Source Separation Research in source separation has continued throughout 2007, namely with the development and testing of two methods for the separation of nonlinear mixtures of images. One of the methods is based on a physical model of the mixture process, the inverse of that model being used for separation. The model's parameters are optimized by means of the MISEP method of nonlinear ICA. The other method doesn't use any independence criterion. It is, instead, based on the sparsity of the high-frequency content of images. A soft winner-take-all competition is performed between the high frequency content of the two mixture images. This is done at multiple resolutions, by means of a wavelet decomposition. The source images are then reconstructed from the high-frequency content that results from this competition. Both of these methods yield good separation quality. Both methods resulted in papers published in a refereed international conference. Journal papers corresponding to both works are under preparation. Another relevant aspect of this year's activity was the publication of the book ''Nonlinear Source Separation'', authored by Luis B. Almeida and published in 2007 by Morgan and Claypool Publishers. 195 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Pattern Recognition and Automatic Learning Network inference The study of networked systems is an emerging field, impacting almost every area of engineering and science, including the important domains of communication systems, biology, sociology, and cognitive science. In 2007, we have developed a new version of the algorithm proposed in 2006, specially tailored to bioinformatics data; this new version of the algorithm is able to explicitly handle noisy data. The paper describing this research has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, and will appear in 2008. Dissimilarity measures for symbolic sequences In this research front, we have continued our work on the development of information-theoretic techniques to measure dissimilarity between symbolic sequences (e.g., text). Information-theoretic dissimilarity measures are “agnostic” in the sense that they do not assume any specific generative model, nor do they require estimation of such models. During 2007, we have concentrated on nonextensive information theoretic kernels, focusing on theoretic aspects. Namely, we have proposed new kernels on measures, based on Tsallis information theory, and have provided formal proofs of their positive definite nature, both on discrete probability distributions and in arbitrary measured spaces. Hybrid generative/discriminative learning We have continued to work on new training algorithms combining both generative and discriminative views. We have developed algorithms which incorporate steps from the classical expectation-maximization algorithm for mixtures of Gaussians with a logistic regression step to update (in a discriminative way) the output weights. We also describe an incremental version of the algorithm, which is robust regarding initial conditions. In 2007, we have extended our previous work to a boosting framework (discriminative) using simple liner classifiers for Gaussian classes (generative). 196 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA 4.3.4 Running and Concluded Projects Overview Funding Agency Number AdI 1 ESA 2 ESF 2 EU, IST Programme 6 FCT/POCI 1 FCT/POSC 6 FCT/PTDC 4 FLAD 1 GRICES 1 GRICES/CNR 1 INSTICC 1 Internal 3 INTERREG III-B «Espaço Atlântico» 1 IT/LA 3 PT Inovação 1 TOTAL 34 Table 26 – Number of active projects in the Networks and Multimedia Area during 2007 197 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Activity in Projects Acron / Ref Tecnovoz Title Tecnovoz Funding AdI Descript. Tecnovoz is a national collaborative project involving 4 scientific organizations that work on speech recognition and speech synthesis and 8 industrial organizations that want to introduce speech technology in their products. This project represents an opportunity for Portugal to play a major role in this technology and to have a word in the development of speech applications using its own language. The project started in July, 2006 and, in the end, 14 different applications and services are expected to use speech as an alternative to other input/output interfaces. The work carried out by IT researchers is related to noise robustness in automatic speech recognition. IT is developing a module for the detection of connected commands with speaker independence and capable of working in adverse environments. The recognizer will be embedded in 2 demonstrators that will be built by 2 industrial project participating partners. One of these demonstrators will be used inside an automobile and the other in the proximity of noisy machinery. Both environments represent a technical challenge for the recognition engine that IT is developing. In the first semester of the project, we built a recognizer trained with an available Portuguese database of digits recorded through the telephone network. Another participant of the project will collect a command database whose contents will be used in the training of the final models. Acron / Ref TOP / 20173/06/NL/NH Title Transport Protocol for DVB-RCS Interoperable PEP-Phase 1 Funding ESA 198 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Descript. The project objective is to develop a congestion control method alternative to that of TCP, fully interoperable with the I-PEP specification and specifically aimed at optimizing web browsing performance in the IPEP environment, while maintaining good performance for other TCP traffic such as large file transfers. The project will produce a full specification of a new protocol, validated by simulation and/or prototyping, together with a prototype implementation shall also be delivered. Acron / Ref TOP/ 20173/06/NL/NH Title Transport Protocol for DVB-RCS Interoperable PEP-Phase2 Funding ESA Descript. The project objective is to devlop a congestion control method alternative to that of TCP, fully interoperable with the I-PEP specification and specifically aimed at optimizing web browsing performance in the IPEP environment, while maintaining goofd performanc for other TCP traffic such as large files transfers. Phase 1 produced a specification and preliminary validation via simulation. The objective of Phase 2 is the development of a prototype and evaluation of its performance in a real or emulated network environment. Acron / Ref Title Funding Descript. DYNAMO / COST 295 COST 295-Dynamic Algorithms Communication Networks: Foundations and ESF COST 295 is an action of the European COST program (European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research) inside of the Telecommunications, Information Science and Technology domain (TIST). 199 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA The acronym of the COST295 Action, DYNAMO, stands for Dynamic Communication Networks. The Action is motivated by the need to supply a convincing theoretical framework for the analysis and control of all modern large networks. This will be induced by the interactions between decentralised and evolving computing entities, characterised by their inherently dynamic nature. The action works through a series of technical meetings and working groups. For more information click on the links alongside this page. Acron / Ref COST 292 Title Semantic Multimodal Analysis of Digital Media Funding ESF Descript. The main objective of this action is to push forward the frontiers of current research on semantic analysis, inference and conceptualisation for high-level annotation and retrieval of digital audiovisual content. The action includes 6 Working Groups: - WG1: Focused on providing common testing data and frameworks; - WG2: Comparison and evaluation of different methods and unification towards a common framework; - WG3: Work towards better representations, reduction of the dimension of the feature space and multimodal feature fusion; - WG4: Collaborative research on automatic paradigms for semantic annotation focusing on video scene analysis and data and rule mining; - WG5: Collaborative research on semi-automatic paradigms for semantic annotation focusing on user’s relevance feedback and intelligent and evolutionary learning; - WG6: Collaborative research to evaluate and use the developed framework in real world applications. 200 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Acron / Ref C-Mobile Title Advanced MBMS for the future mobile world Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. The strategic objective of C-MOBILE is to foster the evolution of the mobile broadcast business by providing enhancements to the 3GPP MBMS for systems beyond 3G. It will address both resource efficiency and service flexibility, by close coupling of broadcast and communication capabilities on all layers, covering the radio access, core network and the service enablers, across multiple technologies, providing a smooth migration for MBMS evolution, which will be in line with the vision of a federated global multicast broadcast transport as well as emerging beyond 3G standards. Within the radio access network it will propose new radio interface technologies, radio resource management and new topological approaches in the architecture for an efficient support of enhanced MBMS services allowing a commercially attractive implementation. C-MOBILE will help to understand how best to organise and schedule MBMS content from the BM-SC through the core network, radio access, to the end users. Since this is multimedia content, interactions with the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem are expected and C-MOBILE will explicitly investigate how best MBMS can make use of capabilities provided by the IMS. The current concept of group communication is narrow within Release 6 MBMS specification. CMOBILE will research, investigate and define ways to use multicast technology to support personalized services and in particular the concept of multicast content community where users also contribute to the multicast service. Key market and business requirements for multicast-broadcast services will be identified to aid defining research directions, leading also to new business models involving the various players. To that end it is critical to understand the needs of multicastbroadcast users, network operators, and content providers. The project intends to make important contributions to the standardisation bodies 201 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA and to prove experimentally or via system level simulations innovative concepts. Acron / Ref WIP Title An All-Wireless Mobile Network Architecture Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. We propose to study how to build an all-wireless Internet that could grow and gradually replace the existing Internet. In our vision, the access points of unlicensed cellular networks cooperate to create a wireless communication infrastructure. Such a wireless network must be self-organizing to maximize the network capacity and capabilities. Ultimately, the all-wireless interconnection of cooperating access points will only require limited connectivity to the wired infrastructure. We call this all-wireless infrastructure the Radio Internet. The goal of the project is to study how to make the Radio Internet become a reality with an Internet-like growth towards a scalable and robust communication infrastructure. The objective of the project is to design, implement, and experimentally validate an all-wireless interconnection architecture based on advanced wireless transmission standards, multiple techniques radio, and (i.e., new multiple MAC, antennas new wireless APs), mesh networking, cross-layer optimization, and mechanisms for seamless mobility. We will develop a suitable measurement methodology and set up experimental prototypes to validate our concepts. Testbeds will be used or deployed for proof-of-concept and validation of the proposed architecture and communication mechanisms. To achieve the vision of the Radio Internet, we need to adopt a disruptive approach with respect to the current Internet: rethink the overall architecture with wireless networks as the central technology and propose a new interconnection architecture founded on the principle of 202 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA all-wireless networks with some isolated wired long-haul links. By defining new topology interconnection rules, and routing elaborating schemes, new designing performances simple objectives, designing self-configuring and self healing mechanisms, a large number of wireless access networks can be dynamically interconnected to provide wide coverage with a large capacity. In addition, such a network infrastructure will enable new mobility perspectives and new business models. Acron / Ref Title Daidalos II Designing Advanced network Interfaces for the Delivery and Administration of Location independent, Optimised personal Services - II Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. Daidalos will design, develop and validate a blueprint B3G Framework. It supports secure, personalized and pervasive services built on heterogeneous network and service infrastructures for the mobile user and will contribute to standards and industry fora. The project addresses the fact that mobility has become a central aspect of our lives in business, education, and leisure. It deals with rapid technological and societal changes with proliferating technologies and services that have resulted in complex and confusing communications environments for users and network operators. By rethinking fundamental technology and business issues, Daidalos targets usable and manageable communication infrastructures for the future. The goal is a seamless, pervasive access to content and services via heterogeneous networks that supports user preferences and context. The project will use a user-centred, scenario-based and operator-driven approach to effectively cover user and business needs, 203 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Acron / Ref VISNET II / IST-1-038398 Title Networked audiovisual media technologies Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. The main goal of VISNET II is the provision of a working environment with appropriate integration activities and research infrastructure that will ease and stimulate the interaction and cooperation among European researchers and institutions with recognized excellence in various fields embraced by audiovisual networking technologies. The fulfilment of this objective will promote and contribute to the advances of research in this area and ultimately improve the quality and quantity of research results. Due to the high commitment of this NoE in conducting extensive dissemination activities, results will easily span across its borders, thus benefiting the whole scientific and technological communities. Acron / Ref Akogrimo / FP6/2002/4293 Title Access to Knowledge through the Grid in a mobile World Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. Mobility has become a central aspect of life of citizens in business, education, and leisure. Related mobility-enabled 3G network infrastructures and user communities have surpassed corresponding Internet figures. Independent of this development, Grid technology is evolving from a niche market solely addressing the HPC domain towards a framework useable within a broad business context. However, while affecting largely identical complex applications, user and provider domains, the Grid community has been basically Mobility-unaware. Taking this into account, Akogrimo - by leveraging the large base of mobile users - is aiming to radically advance the pervasiveness of Grid computing across Europe. 204 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA In order to achieve this goal, in addition to embracing layers and technologies which are supposed to make up the so-called Next Generation Grids such as e.g. knowledge-related and semantics-driven Web services, Akogrimo will archi-tect and prototype a blueprint of an NGG which exploits and closely co-operates with evolving Mobile IP(v6) infra-structures. Politically, these infrastructures are considered as the Beyond-3G enabler. From a technically point of view, Akogrimo will especially leverage mobility, QoS, AAA and security functionalities provided by corresponding net-work-related middleware systems of such infrastructures. From a user’s point of view, Akogrimo will provide the technologies and concepts to establish “virtual home”, mo-nadic and mobile environments for complex problem solving across network technology and provider domains. In generalizing the core Grid concept – namely the resourcesharing concept - Akogrimo will pattern these environments as “Mobile Dynamic Virtual Organizations“. The MDVO concept will incorporate network-identity-based concepts of personalization, profiling, privacy, security and trust. From the provider’s point of view, an Akogrimo world will provide new business models and opportunities eventually making commercially viable NGGs a reality. Acron / Ref DISCOVER / FP6/2002/15314 Title Distributed coding for video services Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. Over the past decade several video coding technologies have emerged to achieve great commercial success and it is widely expected that digital video systems will completely replace all existing traditional analogue based video systems during the next decade. DISCOVER will address the development of several advanced digital video coding technologies which are very likely to represent a 205 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA breakthrough in new video coding application scenarios. Until now video coding research and standardization have been adopting a video coding paradigm where it is the task of the encoder to explore the source statistics, leading to a complexity balance where complex encoders interact with simpler decoders. This paradigm is strongly dominated and determined by applications such as broadcasting, video on demand, and video streaming. Distributed Video Coding (DVC) adopts a completely different coding paradigm by giving the decoder the task to exploit partly or wholly - the source statistics to achieve efficient compression. This change of paradigm also moves the encoder-decoder complexity balance, allowing the provision of efficient compression solutions with simple encoders and complex decoders. This new coding paradigm, never considered by any video coding standard, is particularly adequate to emerging applications such as wireless video cameras and wireless lowpower surveillance networks, disposable video cameras, certain medical applications, sensor networks, multi-view image acquisition, networked camcorders, etc., where low complexity encoders are a must because memory, computational power, and energy are scarce. The objective of DISCOVER is to explore and propose new video coding schemes and tools in the area of Distributed Video Coding with a strong potential for new applications, targeting new advances in coding efficiency, error resiliency, scalability, and model based-video coding thus paving the way for a breakthrough regarding the next video coding generation. Acron / Ref ESQUELETO / POCI/DES/61761/2004 Title Evaluation of biomechanical load in the muscle-scheleton system Funding FCT/POCI Descript. The project has the main objective of developing a set of experimental and numerical tools for the study of the mechanical load applied to the 206 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA musculoskeletal system associated with human motion. It comprises the development of models for data acquisition and processing, combining signal processing, feature extraction and supervised pattern recognition techniques and applying clustering techniques for exploratory data analysis. These tools can be used for performance evaluation and diagnosis of a wide range of physical exercises performed under several human and physical environments (sports, ergonomics, health and fitness, among others). Acron / Ref Title NSCBRRI / POSC/EEA-CPS/61271/2004 Novel Statistical Criteria for Blind Restoration and Reconstruction of Images Funding Descript. FCT/POSC This project will address new, statistically based methods for image restoration and reconstruction. The fundamental approach consists of using representations of natural images yielding sparse and near-independent coefficients. This goal will be pursued along two main lines: 1. Methods relying on a fixed, wavelet-based representation. The project shall extend existing methods of denoising, and of deblurring using a known blur operator, to the blind deblurring / denoising situation. The main approach will consist of taking the blur operator as an additional unknown in a Bayesian formulation of the problem. 2. Methods relying on a learned, ICA-based, spatially invariant representation. The project shall address new image models, consisting of an i.i.d. source followed by a learned, linear or nonlinear, spatially invariant filter, and their application to the blind deblurring problem. Besides blurred natural images, the project will also address the reconstruction of other classes of images, namely those formed through tomographic methods. 207 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Acron / Ref STT / POSC/EIA/55582/2005 Title Space-Time-Types: Behavioural and Spatial Type Systems Funding FCT/POSC Descript. Our goal is the development of static analysis systems to verify safety and liveness properties of concurrent distributed systems specified in calculi of mobile processes. The properties we are interested in are not only behavioural, like deadlock freedom or conformance to a protocol, but also structural (or spatial), like connectivity or resource usage. The existing systems treat only some of the behavioural properties, in a limited way (not purely static, or in very restricted settings). Building on existing work on behavioural types and on spatial logics, we aim at the development of richer notions of types, able of expressing behavioural and spatial properties of distributed systems. We envisage expressive, yet decidable and computationally tractable static analysis systems, which allow to formally prove that a process enjoys a certain property, and that there will be no run-time property violations. Acron / Ref EMUSuL / POSC/EEA-SRI/61924/2004 Title Ensemble Methods in Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning Funding FCT/POSC Descript. This is a fundamental research project in the area of machine learning. Accordingly, the goals are of methodological, theoretical and algorithmic nature. More specifically, the project aims at: - developing cluster combination techniques, in which partitions, clusters and even samples can assume different weights in the combination strategies. - integrating common and state-of-the-art clustering algorithms in the combination process 208 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA - creating a theoretical framework for the analysis of clustering combination techniques and cluster validity - extending combination techniques used in supervised and unsupervised learning to the semi-supervised scenario. - applying the developed methodologies to challenging learning problems (both unsupervised and semi-supervised), such as document classification, web page classification, and gene-expression data analysis. Acron / Ref STEINER / POSC/EIA/63046/2004 Title Geometric engine of inhomogeneous implicit surfaces with singularitie Funding FCT/POSC Descript. Usually, representing implicit surfaces is confined to homogeneous and manifold ones. That is, singularities such as isolated points and selfintersections cannot be detected and thus sampled and rendered. So, the main aims of this project are the following: - To design and implement new rendering algorithms for inhomogeneous and non-manifold implicit surfaces with topological guarantees. - To apply the acquired knowledge on implicit surfaces to modeling of human organs and physical phenomena (e.g. fluids and fire). Acron / Ref Title CONDENSA / POSC/EIA/CPS/60247/2004 IPv4/IPv6-Compliant Optical Burst Switching Network Design with Enhanced Signaling Architectures Funding FCT/POSC 209 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Descript. Up to now, research work on optical burst switching (OBS) networks has been concentrated on packets of version 4 of Internet Protocol (IPv4), called IPv4 datagrams. However, due the exhaustion of the IPv4 addressing space, it is expected that a transition from IPv4 to IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) will occur before the maturity of a scalable optical packet switching technology. This project addresses several issues of OBS networks in a transition scenario from IPv4 to IPv6. This project is organized into four tasks addressing: 1) new burst assembly algorithms for edge routers to natively support IPv4/IPv6 datagrams and IPv6 jumbograms; 2) the specification of an enhanced version of the Just-in-Time (EJIT) signalling protocol for core routers; 3) IPv4/IPv6 - compliant QoS Support using prioritized burst segmentation and composite burst-assembly techniques 4) the development of a testbed of an IPv4/IPv6- compliant OBS network. Acron / Ref SIGAPANO / POSC/EIA/62199/2004 Title Sensor Information Gathering with Patrol Nodes Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The main goals of the SIGAPANO (Sensor Information GAthering with PAtrol NOdes) research project are to contribute to a fundamental understanding of wireless sensor networks with mobile patrol nodes, provide an appropriate middleware design for this class of communication networks and develop a state-of-the-art sensor network prototype to demonstrate their applicability for tasks as critical as forest monitoring and fire detection. Wireless sensor networks made of tiny, low-cost devices capable of sensing the physical world and communicating over radio links, are significantly different from classical wireless networks like GSM or wireless LANs: (a) the design of a sensor network is strongly driven by its particular application, (b) sensor nodes are highly constrained in terms of power consumption 210 and ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA computational complexity, and (c) since the network is dense and the nodes share a common objective - to gather and convey information cooperation can be used to enhance the network´s efficiency. Previous work on the communications aspects of wireless sensor networks has focused on mostly static models, in which the sensor nodes keep their positions, and transmit the picked-up data to a central base station in a fixed location. Under this scenario, the sensor nodes are expected to store and process the data, coordinate their transmissions, organize the routing of messages within the network and relay the data to a remote receiver - a challenging set of tasks which might prove impractical given the power constraints on the sensor nodes and the expected size of the network. We propose to investigate an alternative approach, based on a limited set of mobile ad-hoc nodes with increased processing and communication capabilities, which are placed e.g. on a robot, a jeep or a helicopter and are thus able to move as a patrol around the wireless sensor network and, thus, relieve the sensor nodes from powerconsuming networking tasks by collecting the required data in loco with less and more reliable transmissions. The project will be divided in three complementary parts: (1) Fundamental performance limits of sensor networks with patrol nodes (DCCFC, Porto): we will define adequate models for this class of wireless network and investigate the impact of the patrol nodes’ mobility on the connectivity, the capacity and the average lifetime of the network using elements of information theory, graph theory and stochastic processes. (2) Network architecture and middleware for sensor networks with patrol Nodes (CRI, Lisbon): is to study and propose a protocol stack that provides an interface between the sensor networks and adhoc patrol nodes based on the theoretical results of part 1. (3) Development of a prototype sensor network for forest monitoring and fire detection. (DCC-FC + CRI): (2) we will use two wireless sensor network kits to implement the sensor network architecture investigated in part 1 and the middleware package developed in part 2, and conclude with lab 211 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA demonstrations and field tests in Portuguese forests. Acron / Ref BLEP / PTDC/DES/72946/2006 Title Biomechanics of Locomotion in Elderly People Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The project has the main objective of developing a set of experimental tools for the study of the risk of fracture in elderly people. The risk of fracture is related to the risk of fall and to bone resistance. The aim of this study is to develop a risk profile that can be used to identify community-residing elderly at high risk of falling and to establish strategies to prevent falls in healthy older adults and to identify the variables associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures. The use of advance clustering techniques for data reduction should allow the identification of the relevant variables for kinematics and kinetics parameters that are fundamental for the maintenance and development of the balance and locomotion skills of daily live in elderly population and also to identify high-risk groups for falls and fractures. The results of the questionnaire assessment, field tests and laboratory studies should allow the establishment of guidelines for the development of exercise and perceptive training programs. Acron / Ref DeLKeTI / PTDC/EEA-TEL/72572/2006 Title Development and Learning of Kernels for Text and Images Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. 1. Development of techniques to approximate the universal distance for sequences and multidimensional data; this will lead to an approximate universal kernel. Using the ability of compression algorithms to approximate the universal distance, kernels will be tailored to each 212 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA particular problem by exploiting different characteristics of the data. 2. Application of universal kernels in learning algorithms such as support vector machines or kernel logistic regression. 3. Theoretical characterization of the concentration properties (bounds) of the approximations to the universal distance, namely by exploiting known connection to Shannon's information. 4. Development of kernel learning techniques, in which the distance measure is learned from data (in supervised, semi-supervised, or nonsupervised modes), rather than specified a priori. 5. Application of the developed kernels to problems in text and image analysis; e.g., categorization, desambiguation, clustering. Acron / Ref KLog / PTDC/MAT/68723/2006 Title KLog - Logics for Security Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The KLog project envisages to investigate and apply the tools and techniques of mathematical logic, in a broad sense, to the systematic study and design of special purpose classical and quantum kleistic (from the greek word kleisis) logics, that may provide a deeper understanding of the various aspects of information security, and ultimately contribute to the improvement of the available toolset of formal methods. This research will contribute to a better understanding of the relevant concepts and their relationships, and help to solve and clarify some of the open problems and key concerns of the area. The subjects to be addressed include the design and study of logics for reasoning about classical security protocols in distributed settings, ranging from the ideal world of perfect cryptography to the more realistic probabilistic setting where polynomially bounded adversaries are assumed, while also exploring type-theoretical logic systems targeted at flexible information 213 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA flow analysis in languages supporting code mobility and declassification that could be used to express distributed protocols; and the logical study of quantum computation and information and its applications to security, eventually leading to quantum extensions of the logics for classical security, by considering quantum computation capabilities and quantum communication channels. The project will also not neglect the development of the logical foundations of combined logics and their algebraic counterparts motivated by the more applied research. Accordingly, the project is organized in three tasks: (T0) Logic in Computing; (T1) Logic for Classical Security; and (T2) Logic for Quantum Security. Acron / Ref Title MOGGY / PTDC/EIA/70830/2006 MOGGY - A Browser-Based Massive Multiplayer Online Game Engine Architecture Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. 1) To develop a scaleable grid middleware/engine for BBMMOGs based on existing grid components that will facilitate an online games hosting platform. 2) To develop a specific BBMMOG called Dark Realms. Our suggestion is for a medieval RMSWG with a realistic realm-management interface: A king governing from his palace. 3) To develop a multimedia game for draughts playing. It will include chat, voice, video facilities to promote the interactivity and game learning by the players and viewers. 4) To acquire know-how to establish a games start-up or transfer it to portuguese games companies. This project may be a starting point for establishing a games company in ParkUrbis (Scientific and Technological Park in Covilhã). 214 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA 5) To develop game skills at the undergraduate and graduate students via BSc, MSc, and PhD theses. Through contacts of our ex-students who are currently working for games companies in, for example, Portalegre we hope to promote and improve protocols with these companies via projects and training schemes. Acron / Ref WIPHYSEC Title Wireless Physical-Layer Security Funding FLAD Descript. The main goal of this project is to develop novel security technologies and coding strategies that exploit the physical properties of wireless channels to provide superior confidentiality. Acron / Ref SENECOM Title Secure Network Communications Funding GRICES Descript. The goal of this project is to develop secure communication protocols based on information-theoretic principles. Acron / Ref EntMeso / GRICES 4.1.1 CNR Title Entanglement and Transport Properties in Mesoscopic Systems Funding GRICES / CNR Descript. • Estender os resultados, recentemente obtidos, sobre o efeito do entrelaçamento no transporte de electrões a cenários mais complexos, tendo em vista o possível melhoramento dos efeitos descobertos, assim 215 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA como a cenários mais realistas, tendo em vista as implementações experimentais; • Utilizar os resultados obtidos para desenvolver métodos para os importantes problemas da geração, manipulação e detecção de entanglement em sistemas mesoscópicos, incluindo propostas para hardware quântico. Acron / Ref Title HCI Reconhecimento de Padrões Cognitivos e Afectivos na Interacção PessoaComputador Funding INSTICC Descript. The main objectives are the design and implementation of an experimental setup and a coherent methodological, algorithmic and computational tool set to acquire and process emotion-related signals during computer assisted problem solving. The signals monitored and analised consist of electro-physiological data and computer interaction data. This setup is twofold: to assess such emotional states under rigorous and controlled experiments; to test the ability of the several types of data for authentication purposes. Acron / Ref MPEG Title ISO MPEG standardization Funding Internal Descript. Specification of audiovisual representation standards (MPEG-4, MPEG-7 and MPEG-21). 216 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Acron / Ref MARinWMN Title Multiple Access and Routing in Wireless and Mesh Networks Funding Internal Descript. Wireless access is becoming technology of choice in the first hop link connecting end user systems to the Internet. This success is apparent from the succession of new and improved versions of the 802.11 standard (WiFi) and the foreseen deployment of the 802.16 standard (WiMax). One of the notable developments in these systems is the introduction of mechanisms for store-and-forward operation. The present project has as objective the investigation of questions, relative to such systems, for which no complete answers exist in the areas of interaction between multiple access and routing. In addition to the issue dealt with by the classical routing problem in wired networks, namely choosing to which neighbor a newly received packet should be forwarded in order to attain a given optimization criterion, the issue of choice of transmitting power is critical for system performance, since it impacts the tradeoff between transmission range and interference. The project proposes to study both appropriate performance models and their application to system studies. Acron / Ref AcuRec Title Acoustic Modelling for Speech Recognition Funding Internal Descript. The main objective of this project is the automatic training of the acoustic model in a speech recognition system. The approach to follow consists in the reliable detection of acoustic events that identify anchor 217 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA points and short segments for which phonetic labels will be estimated. This will be done in an iterative manner using previous phone models and confidence measures of its correct classification. The spectral analysis system will also include features with perceptual significance with integration periods higher and lower than the normally used ones. In order to increase the segmentation accuracy we intend to also use speaker normalization and adaptation techniques. Acron / Ref Title AtlantisBPnet AtlantisBPnet - Observatory of Information Society in the Atlantique Space Funding Descript. INTERREG III-B «ESPAÇO ATLÂNTICO» Analyse and share the information about the development degree and use of the Information and Communication Technologies in the Atlantic Space. Acron / Ref DMeSTrES / IT/LA/306/2005 Title Distributed Measurement System with Traffic Engineering Support Funding IT/LA Descript. The main objective of this project is to develop a software prototype of a traffic engineering tool, integrating traffic measurements and traffic analysis. The traffic measurement platform will be based on a novel peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture recently proposed by the research team in [Sal05a]. This work will rely on previous experience of the research team in the development of traffic measurement tools (see, for example, http://www.av.it.pt/jowamp). Traffic analysis will 218 be ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA performed in the peer elements of the measurement platform in a distributed way. Again, this work will rely on previous experience of the research team in the areas of traffic modelling and statistical characterization. Such a distributed architecture brings the benefit of allowing easy and flexible integration of new traffic analysis modules. The tool is expected to attract attention of the research community working in this area. One of the goals of traffic measurements is to support timely and efficient traffic engineering tasks, which requires sophisticated traffic analysis methodologies. As referred above, the research team has been much involved in this field. However, one of the main weaknesses in this field is the lack of software applications that integrate the developed methodologies in a way that is easy to use by non-specialists. This project will try to overcome this problem. Acron / Ref H2M IT/LA/320/2005 Title H.264 to MPEG-2 Video Transcoder for Digital TV Funding IT/LA Descript. The main goal of this project is to develop a real-time H.264 to MPEG-2 software transcoder for video adaptation in Digital Television (DTV) services. On the one hand, the latest international video coding standard, ITU.T H.264, achieves high coding efficiency by employing advanced techniques such as variable block size motion estimation, optimised R-D mode decision, intra prediction, and multiple reference frames. On the other hand, MPEG-2 is the most common video standard adopted by the multimedia industry, where it finds a broad range of applications in digital TV, DVD, etc. Due to the higher coding efficiency of H.264, it is expected that this new standard will replace MPEG-2 compression in digital video systems. However, the complete migration 219 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA is expected to take several years, given the wide use of MPEG-2 based equipments in the market place today. Therefore the type of format conversion developed in this project has significant potential impact. Acron / Ref HAN-4G / IT/LA/300/2005 Title Integration of Heterogeneous Access Networks in a 4G Architecture Funding IT/LA Descript. The project aims to address issues on heteregenous integrated networks: (1) integration between infrastructure and ad-hoc networks; (2) integration between 802.16 networks and fixed wired (Ethernet) and wireless networks (802.11 in managed and ad-hoc mode); (3) integration of unidirectional broadcast networks in operator networks; (4) seamless and fast mobility with QoS support between each access technology. Acron / Ref Title ESTIP V ESTudo, desenvolvimento e experimentação de soluções inovadoras em redes IP (V) Funding PT Inovação Descript. Study, implementation and experimenting in the areas of: - Admission Control and Resources management in heterogeneous IP networks - Multimedia networks’ monitoring The project will produce technical reports, evaluating the studied algorithms and solutions, and will provide component software prototypes to be integrated in more complex telecommunications’ solutions. ETSI/TISPAN will be used as a reference architecture. 220 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA 4.3.5 Running and Concluded Theses Final Year Projects Supervisor Student Paul Andrew Crocker Bruno Monteiro Marisa Almeida, Mário Paulino Altina Cardoso, Fernando Estrela Daniel Cohen, Paulo Leite, Paulo Reis Luís Ducla Soares Paulo Nunes Paulo Nunes CoTitle Supervisors Linux Network Modules for Assincronous Iterative Algorithms End Date 2/ 2007 Educational Video Coding Tool Based on H.264/AVC 6/ 2007 Hacking into SAP 6/ 2007 Logic Security Analysis in SAP 6/ 2007 Platform for the diagnosis of IP networks: distributed identification and analysis of events Platform for the diagnosis of IP networks: intelligence and alghoritms for events correlation Francisco Fontes Renato Alves Barros Francisco Fontes Daniel Lopes Maria Paula Queluz Pedro Tomás Sesinando e Brandão, João Pedreiro António Nogueira Estudo e Implementação de Alberto Barros Rui Valadas, Redes Heterogéneas em Dias Ambiente Laboratorial 7/ 2007 João Nuno Matos Aires Gouveia No intrusive surveillance 7/ 2007 A Distributed System for Multicast LAN Video Streaming 9/ 2007 Gilberto Pascoal, Pedro Silva Gabriel Falcão Nuno Miguel Paiva Luís Amaral Fernandes Marques Gabriel Falcão Luís Filipe Paiva Carvalho Silva Fernandes Gonçalo Rato, Fernando José Águas Perdigão Lopes Rudolphe Paulo Nunes Cabral, Tabrez Hanif Fernando Lopes 6/ 2007 6/ 2007 Blind Quality Assessment of JPEG 7 / Compressed Images 2007 Implementation of a FEC system 9 / for DVB-S2 in Xilinx FPGAs 2007 Implementation of a FEC system 9 / for DVB-S2 in Xilinx FPGAs 2007 MPEG7 Descriptors Tools for Speech and Audio 9/ 2007 A Deloitte Approach to PKI 7/ 2008 221 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Supervisor Paulo Nunes Paulo Nunes Paulo Nunes CoTitle Supervisors Conditional Access System on a DVB Simulcript Platform with and Magda Raseth without Service Sharing: Project, Installation and Deployment Artur Operating Systems Security Andrade, Luís Check Ivo Ana Souto, Promotional Events Planning João Castilho Student End Date 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 Table 27 – List of Final Year Projects running in the Networks and Multimedia Area During 2007 MSc Theses Supervisor Student João Francisco João Paulo Cordeiro de Vilela Oliveira Barros Francisco Fontes Vitor António das Neves Pinto Susana Sargento João Paulo Madaleno Amaro Sousa Emanuel Moreira Susana Sargento Rafael Sarrô Susana Sargento João Manuel Lima Paiva António Carlos Jorge Almeida Borreicho Rui L. Aguiar Nuno Sénica Ana Fred Hugo Silva CoTitle Supervisors Cooperative Security Schemes for Optimized Link State Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Residential Services Platform Transporte de informação directamente sobre sistemas de comunicação ópticos Survivable Routing on GMPLS over SDH Networks Ad-hoc networks integration in operator networks Análise da QoS dos Serviços Nuno Borges mais Comuns, em Redes GSM e Carvalho, UMTS, na Perspectiva do Utilizador Assessment of Router-Assisted Congestion Control with Window-based and Rate-based Sources Susana Fast-Mobility mechanisms on Sargento, QoS-enabled networks António Teixeira, Feature Selection in Pattern Recognition Systems End Date 2/ 2007 3/ 2007 4/ 2007 6/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 222 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA CoTitle Supervisors Daniel Nunes Susana IEEE 802.21 in Heterogeneous Rui L. Aguiar Corujo Sargento, Handover Environments Nuno Gonçalo Mobilidade Rápida Heterogénea Rui L. Aguiar Ferreira em Redes de Próxima Geração Plataformas de serviços Rui L. Aguiar Vitor Pinto residenciais QoS Network Design: a Amaro Sousa Daniel Martins Decision Supporting System Susana Soluções de Broadcast para Miguel Almeida Sargento Redes 4G Rui Sérgio A Multiresolution Scheme for Abel João Viegas Real-Time Geometric Gomes Rodrigues Applications Paulo Lobato Carlos Filipe Traffic Signs Detection and Correia Moura Paulo Recognition João Francisco Capacity and Connectivity of Cordeiro de Rui Costa Small-World Networks and Dual Oliveira Barros Radio Networks Management of IP Multimedia Amaro Sousa Nuno Novo Sessions using IM-SSF Rui Manuel Ricardo Admission Control Function for Rocha Bandeira Telecommunication Networks Nuno Frederico Fernando Generic video automatic Costa Ferreira Pereira summarization de Matos Location and Positionong Maria Paula Ivo Sousa Systems in Mobile Queluz Communication Networks WMTP - Modular Transport Rui Manuel Luis David Protocol for Wireless Sensor Rocha Pedrosa Networks Gonçalo de Francisco Lemos Call Admission Control Fontes Fernandes Matias António Francisco Multicast in UMTS Networks Germano Paiva Fontes Videira QoS measurements obtention Pedro Manuel Francisco and analysis for mobile IP Paupério Fontes terminals: Study and proposal Duarte Oliveira for solutions Supervisor Sérgio Faria Student Sandro F. Moiron Vitor Silva, End Date 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 9/ 2007 9/ 2007 10 / 2007 10 / 2007 11 / 2007 11 / 2007 11 / 2007 11 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 Transcodificação de modos de 12 / vídeo entre as normas H.264 e 2007 MPEG-2 223 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Supervisor Student CoTitle Supervisors Susana Sargento Gonçalo de Lemos Francisco Fontes, Mecanismos de Controlo de 1/ Admissão para Suporte de QoS 2008 Susana Sargento Pedro Paupério Francisco Fontes, Mecanismos de Monitorização 1 / em Redes de Próxima Geração 2008 Rui Manuel Rocha Pedro Fernandes WiNe-SD: Sevice Discovery for 1/ heterogeneous Wireless 2008 Networks Rui L. Aguiar Paulo Luís Filipe Silva Salvador Ferreira, Plataformas de Serviços em Redes Próxima Geração Rui Manuel Rocha Pedro Melo Susana Sargento Susana Sargento Maria Paula Queluz Fernando Perdigão Susana Sargento Susana Sargento Maria Paula Queluz Susana Sargento Susana Sargento Rui L. Aguiar Susana Sargento Susana Sargento Susana Sargento Susana Sargento Sensopolitan - Monitoring vibrations in subway tunnels using WSN Arquitectura IMS e suporte de Jorge Ferreira QoS Vitor Sinalização de Media Gateways André Silva Marques, em Redes de Acesso Tomás Avaliação da qualidade de Paulo Delgado Brandão, imagens fixas Confidence Measures for Arlindo Oliveira Veiga Speech Recognition Francisco Desempenho de Redes Wimax Márcio Melo Fontes, com Mobilidade Francisco Desempenho de Redes Wimax David Vieira Fontes, com Topologia em Malha Tomás Digital Image&Video Quality Luis Roque Brandão, Assessment Vitor Integração de uma AGCF num Nuno Gil Marques, Cenário IMS/TISPAN” Inteligência nas Decisões de Nuno Coutinho Rui L. Aguiar, Mobilidade Mecanismos de QoS para Rui Matos sistema operativo GNU/Linux Mobilidade de Emissores e João Mateiro Rui L. Aguiar, Receptores em Redes com Suporte de Multicast Mobilidade Rápida em Redes de Davide Moreira Rui L. Aguiar, Próxima Geração João Diogo Francisco Mobility and QoS in Wimax Monteiro Fontes, Networks O LTE COMO SOLUÇÃO Daniel Marques TECNOLÓGICA PARA A EVOLUÇÃO DO 2G E 3G End Date 2/ 2008 3/ 2008 4/ 2008 4/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 224 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA CoTitle Supervisors Supervisor Student Sérgio Faria Tiago Emanuel Telmo Ribeiro Gomes Fernandes, Joel José Puga Coelho Rodrigues Fernando Perdigão Rui L. Aguiar José Manuel Boavida Gregório André Filipe Alves Pardal Gabriel Fartaria Nuno Silva, António Carlos Carlos Lopes Almeida Pereira Susana Sargento Fernando Perdigão Susana Sargento Bruno Rés Paulo Salvador Ferreira, Filipe Jorge Luís Sá, Marques Costa Ricardo Matos Susana Telmo Pereira Sargento António Carlos Tiago Simoes Almeida Susana Nuno Duarte Sargento Susana Sargento Rui Costa Susana Sargento Nuno Sarabando Ana Fred Hugo Costa Rosa Ana Fred Inês Freitas Paulo Lobato Correia Rogério Miguel Lima Martins Bernardo Sérgio Faria Nelson Carreira Francisco Fontes, End Date Rede wireless ad-doc multi-hop 7/ para detectores de incêndio em 2008 florestas - Gateway Resource Reservation Protocols 7/ for Optical Burst Switched 2008 Networks 7/ Robust speech recognition 2008 Serviços IP Multimedia em 7/ redes VoIP/3G 2008 Simulation of router-based 7/ marking schemes for 2008 congestion control Soluções Tecnológicas e 7/ Impacto da Mobilidade numa 2008 Rede Wimax Speech-driven real-time face animation 7/ 2008 Suporte de Mobilidade em Redes Wimax 7/ 2008 Suporte de Qualidade de 7/ Serviço em Redes Wimax 2008 TCP congestion control for high- 7 / speed networks 2008 Vitor Técnicas de Escoamento para 7/ Marques, Redes Móveis 2008 Test and Measurement 7/ Rui L. Aguiar, Environments for VANETs and 2008 MANETs Validação de Funcionalidades em Cenários Triple-Play Vitor 7/ exigidas pela Norma TR-101 em Marques, 2008 Nós de Acesso de Agregação baseados em Ethernet Automatic e-Mail Organization 8 / based on Content Analysis 2008 Avaliação da carga biomecânica 8 / no sistema musculo-esquelético 2008 Nuno Rodrigues, Biometrics Recognition 9/ 2008 Digital document compression 9/ 2008 225 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Supervisor Paulo Lobato Correia Paulo Lobato Correia Student Tiago Miguel da Silva Sanches Diogo Manuel Oliveira Figueiredo de la Cueva Couto Paulo Lobato Correia Hugo Salvado Rui L. Aguiar Rui Ferreira Sérgio Faria Felipe Perdigoto Sérgio Faria Isaac Duarte Paulo Lobato Correia CoTitle Supervisors End Date Making people recognition using 9 / biometrics more efficient 2008 Objective Evaluation of Image and Video Segmentation Quality Susana Sargento, Telmo Fernandes, Telmo Fernandes, David João Adão dos Santos Pedro Miguel dos Santos Rosa People Recognition at a Distance using Biometrics Privacidade E Selecção De Identidades Remote monitor for DVB-T/C Sense and Avoid Collison System for UAV Vehicle Recognition System 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 9/ 2008 Fernando Pereira Nuno Alexandre Freire Moço Automatic Detection and 10 / Classification of Crack Patterns 2008 in Road Pavement Computer based recognition of NBI images of the 10 / gastrointestinal tract for 2008 vascular and mucosa pit pattern classification 10 / Constrained Clustering 2008 Error Concealment for Video 10 / Applications 2008 Real-Time Computer Vision 10 / Tools for Capsule Endoscopy 2008 Exam Analysis Automatic description and 11 / retrieval of sports visual 2008 content Fernando Pereira Hugo Santos Varandas. Compressed domain H.264/AVC 11 / shot detection 2008 Paulo Lobato Correia Miguel Tavares Luís Guardão Coimbra Ana Fred João Duarte Sérgio Faria Rui V. P. Fernandes Miguel Tavares Francisco Coimbra Oliveira Luís Cruz Fernando Pereira Marcos Alexandre Medeiros Vasco Fernandes Garcia Barreto Vitor Silva, Compression of 3D TV signals 11 / 2008 Interactive management of a photo album 11 / 2008 226 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Supervisor Rui Manuel Rocha Rui Manuel Rocha Rui Manuel Rocha Rui Manuel Rocha CoTitle Supervisors GolfSense - WSN-based João Vicente Rui Neves, monitoring system for golf courses GolfWater - WSN-based Sérgio Santos Rui Neves, irrigation management system for golf courses Student Pedro Rebelo 12 / 2008 12 / 2008 12 / 2008 Snidgets - toolkit for easy WSN 12 / applications' development 2008 VibSense - Characterization of 12 / building structures' vibrations 2008 with WSN WiMAX QoS - QoS dynamic 12 / management system based on 2008 WiMAX service flows WiMAXMeter - Test and 12 / measurement bench for WiMAX 2008 systems Improving tele-stethoscope 10 / accuracy using signal 2009 processing Intelligent Home Networking João Espadanal Gonçalves Rui Manuel Rocha João Francisco Pestana Rui Manuel Rocha Nuno Rodrigues Rui Manuel Rocha João Matos Miguel Tavares Fabio Coimbra Headyioglu End Date Rui Neves, Table 28 - List of MSc. Theses running in the Networks and Multimedia Area During 2007 PhD Theses Supervisor Student Luís A. Alexandre Hugo Proença Susana Sargento Rui Prior Luís A. Alexandre Amaro Sousa Fernando Pereira CoTitle Supervisors Non-Cooperative Biometric Iris Recognition Arquitecturas Escaláveis de Redes com Suporte de Qualidade de Serviço End Date 1/ 2007 4/ 2007 Jorge Manuel Santos Data Classification with Neural Networks and Entropic Criteria 5/ 2007 Carlos Borges Lopes Paulo Jorge Lourenço Nunes Dimensioning and Resource Management of Multi-Service Networks 6/ 2007 Rate control for object-based video coding architectures 7/ 2007 227 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA CoEnd Title Supervisors Date Multi-Modal Behavioral Biometrics Hugo 3/ Ana Fred based on HCI and Gamboa 2008 Electrophysiology Mário Sandra Algorithms for sparse and robust 6 / Figueiredo Jardim signal representation 2008 Nuno Miguel Codificação de dados utilizando 6/ Sérgio Faria Vitor Silva, Morais correspondência aproximada de 2008 Rodrigues padrões multiescala recorrentes Information Extraction in Rui Costa 7/ Mário Freire , Distributed Environments Using Cardoso 2008 Agents Technology Paulo Tiago Quantative Analysis of Security 7/ Alexandre Monteiro Luca Viganò, Protocols 2008 Carreira Grilo dos Mateus Reis Fernando Carla Calado Automatic processing techniques 12 / Perdigão Lopes for speech recognition 2008 David Mário Data retrieval and classification 12 / Pereira Figueiredo using information distances 2008 Coutinho Mário Artur Hybrid generative/discriminative 12 / Figueiredo Ferreira supervised learning 2008 João Miguel Fernando Improved efficiency in distributed 12 / Duarte Pereira video coding systems 2008 Ascenso Catarina Fernando Rate control in distributed video 12 / Isabel Pereira Carvalheiro coding 2008 Brites Sinalização de QoS em Redes de Diogo Nuno 12 / Rui L. Aguiar 4ª Geração com suporte de P. Gomes 2008 difusão Mário João Pedro José Bioucas Wavelet-based image 12 / Figueiredo Oliveira Dias, reconstruction and restoration 2008 Design and Optimisation of Miguel Raul 6/ João Oliveira DWDM Millimetre-Wave FibreDias Rodrigues 2009 Radio Systems Quality-of-service in video Maria Paula Tomás 6/ communications, based on Queluz Brandão 2009 watermarking. Supervisor Student Paulo Alexandre Carreira Mateus Pedro Alexandre Cardoso Baltazar Model Checking of Quantum Security Protocols 7/ 2009 228 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Supervisor Student CoSupervisors Maxime António Maria Emile Alarcão Ravara Gamboni João Francisco Luísa Lima Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros Paulo Joel José Puga Alexandre Coelho Correia da Rodrigues Silva Neves Luís Henrique Mariana Sá Martins Borges Correia Leite de Almeida de Almeida End Date Models and Proof Methods for Information Protection 7/ 2009 Secure Network Coding 7/ 2009 Study of Sensor Network Protocols Inside Ubiquitous Systems 7/ 2009 Separation of nonlinear mixtures 11 / of signals 2009 Susana Sargento Francisco Pedro Neves Fontes, Pedro Amado Assunção Rui Manuel Rocha Pedro Correia Manuel M. Ferreira Henrique José Monteiro Oliveira Paulo Lobato Correia Title Vitor Silva, Acesso Sem Fios de Banda Larga em Ambientes de Redes Heterogéneas de Próxima Geração Advanced Multiple Description Coding for Video CommonSense - Communitybased self-organization of WSN 12 / 2009 12 / 2009 Image Processing for Supervision 12 / and Management Support of 2009 Road Infrastructures Kernel based methods for text Pedro Aguiar, retrieval and semantic desambiguation João Francisco Network Coding in Dynamic Sérgio Cordeiro de Networks: Self-Organization Crisóstomo Oliveira Barros Aspects and Topology Control Pedro Amado Scalable video coding with Luís Cruz Lino Ferreira Assunção, dynamic regions of interest João Francisco João Paulo Secure User Cooperation in Cordeiro de Vilela Wireless Networks Oliveira Barros Mário Figueiredo 12 / 2009 André T. Martins 12 / 2009 12 / 2009 12 / 2009 12 / 2009 Manya Vital Afonso Fast Algorithms for Compressed Sensing 1/ 2010 Rui L. Aguiar João Paulo Silva Barraca Susana Sargento Luís Barreto Estabelecimento de Redes de Comunidades Sobreponiveis Controlo de Congestionamento em Redes sem Fios_ Bandwidth Efficient Multicarrier Systems for Wireless Communications 6/ 2010 8/ 2010 Mário Figueiredo Miguel Raul Ioannis Dias Rodrigues Kanaras 9/ 2010 229 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Supervisor Susana Sargento Carlos Sá da Costa Ana Fred CoTitle Supervisors Marcel Enabling Multimedia Services Calvacanti over Wireless Mesh Networks Nuno João Carlos Hybrid P2P Protocol based in Figueiredo Silva, BitTorrent Zafeiris Learning with Similarities and Kokkinogenis Similarity Learning Student João Francisco Cordeiro de Rui Costa Oliveira Barros Alfredo Susana Rui L. Aguiar Miguel Melo Sargento, Matos João Francisco Paulo Cordeiro de Oliveira Oliveira Barros Vitor Manuel Rui L. Aguiar Jesus Silva Mónica Jorge Rui L. Aguiar Carvalho de Figueiredo Information Flows in Complex Networks 12 / 2010 Privacidade em Redes Heterogéneas de Próxima Geração 12 / 2010 Secure Data Gathering in Sensor 12 / Networks 2010 Service Provisioning in Dense Network Operator Scenarios 12 / 2010 Sincronização em Sistemas Integrados a Alta-Velocidade 12 / 2010 Computer Assisted Analysis of 1/ Narrow-Band Imaging Endoscopy 2011 Exams Miguel Tavares Fahran Riaz Coimbra João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros End Date 9/ 2010 9/ 2010 9/ 2010 Miguel S. Silva Luís Lopes, Calculus and Languages for Sensor Network Programming 12 / 2011 António Carlos Júnior. Rui Prior, Practical Network Coding Protocols 12 / 2011 Table 29 - List of PhD Theses running in the Networks and Multimedia Area During 2007 230 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA 4.3.6 Publications Architectures And Protocols Papers in Journals Domingo, M.C. Domingo; R. Prior; " An Adaptive Gateway Discovery Algorithm to Support QoS When Providing Internet Access to Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ", Journal of Networks , Vol. 2 , No. 2 , pp. 33 - 44 , February , 2007 . Domingo, M.C. Domingo; R. Prior; " An Adaptive Gateway Discovery Algorithm to Support QoS When Providing Internet Access to Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ", Journal of Networks , Vol. 2 , No. 2 , pp. 33 - 44 , January , 2007 . Prior, R.; S. Sargento; " Cross-Layer Mobility with SIP and MIPv6 ", Journal of Internet Technology , January , 2007 . Prior, R.; S. Sargento; " Inter-Domain QoS Routing — Optimal and Practical Study ", IEICE Trans. on Communications , Vol. E90B , No. 3 , pp. 549 - 558 , January , 2007 . Sargento, S.; N. Sénica; J. Santos ; R. L. Aguiar; " Mobility Between Heterogeneous Networks: Integration and Evaluation ", The Mediterranean Journal of Computers and Networks , Vol. 3 , No. 1 , pp. 31 - 42 , January , 2007 . Chadha, R.; L. Cruz-Filipe; P. Mateus; A. S. Sernadas; " Reasoning about probabilistic sequential programs ", Theoretical Computer Science , Vol. 379 , No. 1-2 , pp. 142 - 165 , February , 2007 . 231 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Prior, R.; S. Sargento; " Scalable Reservation-Based QoS Architecture — SRBQ ", Encyclopedia of Internet Technologies and Applications , March , 2007 . Ciccarello, F.; M. Palma; M. Zarcone; Y. Omar; V. Vieira; " Static Disorder in a 1D Wire with Two Quantum Scattering Centers ", Laser Physics , Vol. 17 , No. 6 , pp. 889 - 892 , June , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Cederquist, J." A Certified Email Protocol using Key Chains ", Proc International conference on Advanced Information networking and Applications - AINA 2007 , Niagara Falls , Canada , Vol. 1 , pp. 525 - 530 , May , 2007 . Barros, J.; " A Feedback Reputation Mechanism to Secure the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol ", Proc IEEE Communications Society/CreateNet International Conference on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communication Networks - SECURECOMM , Nice , France , September , 2007 . Vilela, J.P.; J. Barros; " A Feedback Reputation Mechanism to Secure the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol ", Proc IEEE/CreateNet International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks - SecureComm , Nice , France , October , 2007 . Lopes, L.B.L.; F. Martins; M.S.S. Silva; J. Barros; " A Formal Model for Programming Wireless Sensor Networks ", Proc International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems - DCOSS , Santa Fe, New Mexico , United States , June , 2007 . Lopes, L.B.L.; F. Martins; M.S.S. Silva; J. Barros; " A Process Calculus Approach to Sensor Networks ", Proc International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications , Valencia , Spain , October , 2007 . 232 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Sargento, S.; " A QoS Architecture Integrating Ad-Hoc and Infrastructure in Next Generation Networks ", Proc Personal Wireless Communications - PWC , Prague , Czech Republic , September , 2007 . Barros, J.; G. Maierbacher ; " Code Design for the Distributed Scalar Quantization Problem based on Diophantine Analysis ", Proc IEEE Information Theory Winter School , La Colle sur Loup , France , March , 2007 . Barros, J.; " Codes for Sensors: An Algorithmic Perspective ", Proc International Workshop on Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks , Wroclaw , Poland , July , 2007 . Sargento, S.; M. Almeida; D. Corujo; " Context-Aware End-to-End QoS Architecture in Multi-technology, Multi-interface Environments ", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , - , Hungary , May , 2007 . Barros, J.; M.T. Tuechler; " Decoding a Function from Noisy Sensor Data: A Factor Graph Approach ", Proc Annual Conference on Information Sciences CISS , Baltimore , United States ,March , 2007 . Domingo, M.C. Domingo; R. Prior; " Design and Analysis of a GPS-free Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks in Deep Water ", Proc International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications , Valencia , Spain , December , 2007 . Barros, J.; " Diophantine Index Assignments for Distributed Source Coding ", Proc IEEE Information Theory Workshop - ITW , Lake Tahoe, California , United States , September , 2007 . Costa, R.; J. Barros; " Dual Radio Networks: Capacity and Connectivity ", Proc Workshop on Spatial Stochastic Models in Wireless Networks - SpaSWiN , Limassol , Cyprus , April , 2007 . 233 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Barros, J.; " From Quantum to Wireless: A Step Towards Physical-Layer Security ", Proc International Workshop on Quantum Cryptography and Security - LQCIL , Lisbon , Portugal , July , 2007 . Almeida, M.; P. Neves; D. Corujo; S. Sargento; " Improving the Experience of Real Time Services in WiMAX Networks ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Sargento, S.; J. Santos ; " IMS – MBMS Integration: Functional Analysis & Architectural Design ", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , - , Hungary , July , 2007 . Bloch, M.B.; J. Barros; S.W.M. McLaughlin; " Information Theoretic Security for Wireless Channels - Theory and Practice ", Proc Information Theory and Applications Workshop -, San Diego , United States , February , 2007 . Bloch, M.B.; M. Rodrigues ; S.W.M. McLaughlin; " Information Theoretic Security for Wireless Channels - Theory and Practice ", Proc Information Theory and Applications Workshop -, San Diego , United States , February , 2007 . Sargento, S.; M. Almeida; D. Corujo; R. L. Aguiar; " Integration of Mobility and QoS in 4G Scenarios ", Proc ACM International Workshop on QoS and Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks , Crete , Greece , October , 2007. Prior, R.; S. Sargento; " Inter-Domain QoS Routing with Virtual Trunks ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Communications - ICC , Glasgow , United Kingdom , June , 2007 . Oliveira, P. O.; R. Costa; J. Barros; " Mobile Secret Key Distribution with Network Coding ", Proc International Conference on Security and Cryptography - SECRYPT , Barcelona , Spain , July , 2007 . 234 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Sarrô , R.; S. Sargento; " Mobility in the Integration of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks ", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , - , Hungary , July , 2007 . Sargento, S.; " Mobility through Heterogeneous Networks in a 4G Environments ", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , - , Hungary , July , 2007 . Ferreira, L. S.; R. M. Rocha; " Multi-Channel Clustering Algorithm to Improve Performance of WSNs, ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Oliveira, P. O.; J. Barros; " Network Coding Protocols for Secret Key Distribution ", Proc International Symposium on Information Security - IS , Vilamoura , Portugal , November , 2007 . Lima, L. Lima; M.M. Medard; J. Barros; " Network Coding: A Free Cypher? ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Information Theory - ISIT , Nice , France , June , 2007 . Sargento, S.; " On Access to the Internet through Moving Networks ", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , - , Hungary , July , 2007. Almeida, M.; S. Sargento; JPB Barraca; R. Sarrô ; R. L. Aguiar; " On The Limits of Ad-Hoc Networks: Experimental Evaluation ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Bloch, M.Bloch; J. Barros; S.W.M. McLaughlin; " Practical InformationTheoretic Commitment ", Proc Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing - Allerton , Monticello, IL , United States , September , 2007 . Sargento, S.; " QoS Management of Multicast and Broadcast Services in Next Generation Networks ", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , - , Hungary , July , 2007 . 235 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Lima, L. Lima; J. Barros; " Random Walks on Sensor Networks ", Proc International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, - WIOPT , Limassol , Cyprus , April , 2007 . Barros, J.; J.N.L. Laneman; " Rate-Equivocation Tradeoffs for General Eavesdropper Channels ", Proc Information Theory and Applications Workshop - - , San Diego , United States , February , 2007 . Fernandes, P.; R. M. Rocha; " Service Discovery in Wireless Mesh Networks: a Survey on Candidate Solutions ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . " Service Discovery in Wireless Mesh Networks: a Survey on Candidate Solutions ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Pemiche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Prior, R.; S. Sargento; " SIP and MIPv6: Cross-Layer Mobility ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Computers and Communications - ISCC , Aveiro , Portugal , July , 2007 . Fernandes , G. Falcão; S. Yamagiwa; V. Silva; L. Sousa; " Stream-Based LDPC Decoding on GPUs ", Proc Workshop on General Purpose Processing on Graphics Processing Units - GPGPU , Boston , United States , Vol. 1 , pp. * * , October , 2007 . " TSD: Tiny Service Discovery ", Proc International Conf. on Information Networking - ICOIN , Lisboa , Portugal , Vol. II , pp. 100 - 110 , January , 2007 . Fernandes, P.; R. M. Rocha; " TSD: Tiny Service Discovery ", Proc International Conf. on Information Networking - ICOIN , Lisboa , Portugal , January , 2007 . 236 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Sargento, S.; R. Sarrô ; J.P. Vilela; " Ubiquitous Access through the Integration of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks ", Proc IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit , - , Hungary , July , 2007 . Prior, R.; S. Sargento; " Virtual-Trunk-Based Inter-Domain QoS Routing ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Neves, P.; S. Sargento; F. Fontes; " WiMAX for Emergency Services: An Empirical Evaluation ", Proc Broadband Wireless Access Workshop - BWA , Cardiff , United Kingdom , September , 2007 . Network Applications and Services Books Sousa, M.; M.M. Freire Freire; Encyclopedia of Internet Technologies and Applications , Idea-Group Inc. , NY , 2007 . Papers in Journals Adão, P.; P. Mateus; " A process algebra for reasoning about quantum security ", Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science , Vol. 170 , No. , pp. 3 - 21 , February , 2007 . " Experimental Evaluation on the Usage of Ad-Hoc Networks as Stubs for Multi-Service Networks ", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking , Vol. 2007 , 14 , January , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " Handovers Controlados por Rede ", Rev. do Dep. de Electrónica e Telecomunicções da Univ. Aveiro , January , 2007 . 237 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Aguiar, R. L.; ; " Layereless Communications: From Dream to Reality? ", Wireless Networks Journal , January , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; J. Santos ; M. Liebsch; " Location Privacy Extensions for the host Identity Protocol ", Rev. do Dep. de Electrónica e Telecomunicções da Univ. Aveiro , Vol. 4 , No. 8 , pp. 978 - 984 , June , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; J. Santos ; D. Gomes; S. Sargento; " Multicast/Broadcast Network Convergence in Next Generation Mobile Networks ", Elsevier Computer Networks , January , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; ; " Network Controlled Handovers: challenges and possibilities ", Wireless Personal Communications Journal , January , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; P. Pacyna; R. Leonardi; " Pervasiveness in a competitive multi-operator environment: the Daidalos project ", IEEE Comm. Magazine , Vol. 45 , No. 10 , pp. 22 - 26 , October , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " Toward IP Converged Heterogeneous Mobility: A Network Controlled Approach ", Elsevier Computer Networks , Vol. 51 , No. 0 , pp. 4849 - 4866 , December , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Aguiar, R. L.; A. Cartaxo; M. Madureira; P. Monteiro; D. Fonseca; " 40 Gb/s GVD and PMD Compensation Using and Linear Adjustable Filter Prototype on OSSB Modulation ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Circuits and System , New Orleans , United States , May , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " A Framework for Best-effort service provisioning in ad hoc networks ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Computers and Communications - ISCC , Aveiro , Portugal , July , 2007 . 238 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Aguiar, R. L.; S. Sargento; " A Novel Local-Centric Mobility System ", Proc International Conf. on Information Networking - ICOIN , Lisbon , Portugal , January , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; S. Sargento; " A sclable and business-oriented framework for inter-domain quality-of-service ", Proc International Conf. on Wireless Information Networks and Systems - Winsys , Barcelona , Spain , July , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " AADQ: a QoS Model for mobile ad-hoc networks ", Proc International Conf. on Telecommunications - ICT , 0 , Portugal , May , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; M. Almeida; S. Sargento; " An end-to-end QoS Framework for 4G Mobile Heterogeneous Environments ", Proc OpenNet Workshop on Service Quality and IP Network Business , Bruxels , Belgium , March , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; P. Neves; S. Sargento; " Design and Experimental Evaluation of QoS and Mobility Support over Integrated 802.16 Metropolitan and Local Area Network ", Proc WEIRD Workshop on Wimax, Wireless and Mobility , Coimbra , Portugal , May , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; D. Fonseca; P. Monteiro; M. Madureira; A. Cartaxo; M. Violas; R. Sousa ; " Electronic dispersion compensation solution for high-speed optical fiber communications ", Proc Symposium on Innovative Lightwave Technology Evolution for 100GbE Services , 0 , Japan , March , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; S. Sargento; N. Sénica; M. Almeida; " Embedding Identity in Mobile Environments ", Proc International Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture - MobiArch , Kyoto , Japan , July , 2007 . 239 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Borreicho, ; A. C. M. Almeida; " Fairness and Burstiness Evaluation of Router-Assisted Congestion Control with Window-Based Sources ", Proc IASTED International Conf. on Wireless and Optical Communications WOC , Montreal , Canada , May , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " Impact of Heterogeneous network controlled handovers on multi-mode mobile device design ", Proc IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf. - WCNC , 0 , Afghanistan , March , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; D. Gomes; " IP Multicast Dynnamic Mapping in Heterogeneous Environments ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun - PIMRC , Athens , Greece, September , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " Mobility and QoS Support for a Comercial Mobile Grid in Akogrimo ", Proc IST Mobile Communications Summit , Budapeste , Romania , July , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " Mobilty and QoS Support for a Comercial Mobile Grid in Akogrimo ", Proc Ibergrid , Santiago Compostela , Spain , May , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; S. Sargento; N. Sénica; M. Almeida; " Mobilty with QoS Support for Multi-Interface Terminals: Combined User and Network Approach ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Computers and Communications - ISCC , Aveiro , Portugal , July , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " MobiSplit in a Virtualized, Multi-Device Environment ", Proc International Conf. on Communications, Circuits and Systems ICCCAS , Glasgow , United Kingdom , June , 2007 . Faria, S.M.M.; T.R. Fernandes; Henriques; F. S. Perdigoto; " Multifunction Mobile Web Server for Remote Surveillance ", Proc 240 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA International Conf. on Electrical Engineering , Coimbra , Portugal , November , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; M. Figueiredo; " Predicting Noise and Jitter in CMOS Inverters ", Proc IEEE PhD. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics - PRIME , Bordeaux , France , July , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; S. Sargento; " Preserving Privacy in Mobile Environments ", Proc IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM , Washington , United States , December , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; S. Sargento; JPB Barraca; " Role based cross-layer communities on WMN ", Proc International Conf. on E-Business and Telecommunication Networks , Barcelona , Spain , July , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " Support of Anonymity in VANETs - Putting Pseudonymity into Practice ", Proc IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf. - WCNC , 0 , Afghanistan , March , 2007 . Aguiar, R. L.; " Who said that? Privacy at link layer ", Proc IEEE INFOCOM , Alaska , United States , May , 2007 . Network Operations, Management and Planning Papers in Conference Proceedings Pavan, C.; A. Correia; A. N. Pinto; " A Statistical Model for the Average Number of Hops in Optical Networks ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 465 - 467 , May , 2007 . 241 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Network Performance Evaluation and Design Book Chapters Barros, J.; " Sensor Networks: an Overview " - Chapter in Learning from Data Streams - Processing Techniques in Sensor Networks , M. Gaber, J. Gama , Springer , 2007 . Papers in Journals Almeida, M.; R. Sarrô ; JPB Barraca; S. Sargento; R. L. Aguiar; " Experimental Evaluation on the Usage of Ad-hoc Networks as Stubs for Multi-Service Networks ", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking , Vol. 2007 , No. Article ID 62967 , pp. 1 - 14 , June , 2007 . Pattern Recognition and Automatic Learning Books Sá, J.; L. Alexandre; W.D. Duch; D.M. Mandic; (eds.); Artificial Neural Networks -ICANN 2007, Proceedings, Part II , , Springer , Berlin , 2007 . Fred, A. L. N.; A. K. Jain; (eds.); Pattern Recognition in Information Systems , , INSTICC PRESS , Funchal , 2007 . Book Chapters Silva, H.; A. L. N. Fred; " Feature Subspace Ensembles: A Parallel Classifier Combination Scheme using Feature Selection " - Chapter in Multiple Classifier Systems , Josef Kittler, Fabio Roli, and Michal Haindl , Springer ,2007 . 242 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Fazendeiro, P.; J. Oliveira ; " Fuzzy Clustering as a Data-driven Development Environment for Information Granules " - Chapter in Handbook of Granular Computing , W. Pedrycz et al , John Wiley & Sons ,2007 . Silva, H.; H. Gamboa; A. L. N. Fred; " One Lead ECG Based Human Identification with Feature Subspace Ensembles " - Chapter in Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition , Petra Perner , Springer , Leipzig , 2007 . Figueiredo, M. A. T.; " Semi-supervised clustering: application to image segmentation " - Chapter in Advances in Data Anlysis , R. Decker, H. Lenz , Springer , Berlin , 2007 . Nascimento, J. M. P.; J. Dias; " Unmixing Hyperspectral Data: Independent and Dependent Component Analysis " - Chapter in Hyperspectral Data Exploitation: Theory and Applications , Chein-I Chang , John Wiley & Sons , 2007 . Papers in Journals Barros, J.; M. T. Tuechler; " Estimation of Functionals over Noisy Channels ", European Transactions on Telecommunications , December , 2007 . Marques, P.; J. Dias; " Moving Target Trajectory Estimation in SAR Spatial Domain Using a Single Sensor ", IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems , Vol. 43 , No. 3 , pp. 864 - 874 , July , 2007 . Silva, H.; A. L. N. Fred; " Pairwise Multi-Class Feature Selection: A Wrapper Framework ", WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control , Vol. 2 , No. 2 , pp. 212 - 217 , February , 2007 . 243 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Proença, H.; L. Alexandre; " Towards Non-Cooperative Iris Recognition: A Classification Approach Using Multiple Signatures ", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , Vol. 29 , No. 4 , pp. 607 612 , April , 2007 . Proença, H.; L. Alexandre; " Towards Non-Cooperative Iris Recognition: A Classification Approach Using Multiple Signatures ", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , Vol. 3 , No. 1 , pp. 1 - 12 , July , 2007 . Yee, L.; S. Multiparameter Ozawa Ozawa; V. F. Voon; " Using Block-based Representation to Detect Tumor Features on T2- weighted Brain MRI Images ", Methods of Information in Medicine , Vol. 46 , No. 2 , pp. 236 - 241 , February , 2007 . Almeida, M.S.C.; L.B. Almeida ; " Wavelet-based separation of nonlinear show-through and bleed-through image mixtures ", Neurocomputing , December , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Fazendeiro, P.; J. Oliveira ; " A semantic driven evolutive fuzzy clustering algorithm ", Proc IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems FUZZ-IEEE , London , United Kingdom , Vol. 1 , pp. 1977 - 1982 , July , 2007 . Gamboa, H.; A. L. N. Fred; " An Electrodermal Activity Psychophysiologic Model ", Proc International Educational and Networking Forum for eHealth, Telemedicine and Health ICT - Med-e-Tel , Luxembourg , Luxembourg , Vol. 2007 , pp. 60 - 64 , April , 2007 . Yee, L.; P.L. Correia; " Analyzing gastrointestinal tissue images using multiple features ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 435 - 438 , May , 2007 . 244 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Silva, H.; H. Gamboa; A. L. N. Fred; " Applicability of Lead V2 ECG Measurements in Biometrics ", Proc International Educational and Networking Forum for eHealth, Telemedicine and Health ICT - Med-e-Tel , Luxembourg , April , 2007 . Oliveira, H.; P.L. Correia; " Automatic Crack Pavement Detection Using a Bayesian Stochastic Pattern Recognition System ", Proc Portuguese Conf. on Pattern Recognition - RecPad , Lisbon , Portugal , October , 2007 . Oliveira, J. Pedro; M. A. T. Figueiredo; J. Dias; " Blind estimation of motion blur parameters for image deconvolution ", Proc Iberian Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis , Girona , Spain , June , 2007 . Nascimento, J. M. P.; J. Dias; " Blind Hyperspectral Unmixing ", Proc SPIE - Conf. on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing , Florence , Italy , September , 2007 . Nascimento, J. M. P.; J. Dias; " Blind Hyperspectral Unmixing ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. I , pp. 617 - 624 , May , 2007 . Ferreira, A.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; " Boosting of (very) weak learners ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal, May , 2007 . Tou, J. T.; L. Yee; Y. T. Tay; " Computer Vision-based Wood Recognition System ", Proc International Workshop on Advanced Image Technology IWAIT , Bangkok , Thailand , Vol. 1 , pp. 197 - 202 , January , 2007 . Nascimento, J. M. P.; J. Dias; " Dependent Component Analysis: A Hyperspectral Unmixing Algorithm ", Proc Iberian Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis , Girona , Spain , June , 2007 . 245 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Yee, L.; P.L. Correia; " Detection of bleeding patterns in WCE video using multiple features ", Proc International Conf. of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society - EMBC , Lyon , France , Vol. 1 , pp. 5601 5604 , August , 2007 . Lourenço, Arl; P. V. Varela; A. L. N. Fred; António Veloso Veloso ; F. Carnide; " Estimation of the Acquisition time for obtaining the profile of muscular load using the APDF function ", Proc International Scientific Conference on Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders PREMUS , Boston , United States , August , 2007 . Tou, J. T.; Y. T. Tay; L. Yee; " Gabor Filters and Grey-level Cooccurrence Matrices in Texture Classification ", Proc MMU International Symposium on Information and Communications Technologies - M2USIC , Petaling Jaya , Malaysia , November , 2007 . Rabbat, M.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; R. Nowak; " Genomic network tomography ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing - ICASSP , Honolulu , United States , Vol. I , pp. 373 376 , April , 2007 . Nascimento, J. M. P.; J. Dias; " Hyperspectral Signal Subspace Estimation ", Proc IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp.- IGARSS , Barcelona , Spain , July , 2007 . Nascimento, J. M. P.; J. Dias; " Hyperspectral Unmixing Algorithm via Dependent Component Analysis ", Proc IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp.- IGARSS , Barcelona , Spain , July , 2007 . Proença, H.; L. Alexandre; " Iris Recognition: A Method to Increase the Robustness to Noisy Imaging Environments Through the Selection of the Higher Discriminating Features ", Proc IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications , Sivakasi , India , Vol. 3 , pp. 301 - 307 , December , 2007 . 246 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Alexandre, L.; " Iris Recognition: An Entropy-Based Coding Strategy Robust to Noisy Imaging Environments ", Proc International Symp. on Visual Computing - IVC , Lake Tahoe , United States , November , 2007 . Martins, A.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; " Kernels and similarity measures for text classification ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Alexandre, L.; " NICE.I: Noisy Iris Challenge Evaluation - Part I ", Proc International Conf. on Communications, Circuits and Systems - ICCCAS , Washinton D.C. , United States , September , 2007 . Nascimento, J.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; J. S. Marques; " On-line classification of human activities ", Proc Iberian Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis , Girona , Spain , June , 2007 . Lourenço, Arl; A. L. N. Fred; António Veloso Veloso ; F. Carnide; " Optimization of Observation Time for Obtaining the Profile of Muscular Load using the APDF Function ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications ConfTele , Penhiche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Silva, H.; A. L. N. Fred; " Pairwise vs Global Multi-Class Wrapper Feature Selection ", Proc WSEAS International Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Engineering and Data Bases , Corfu , Greece , February , 2007 . Alexandre, L.; J.C. Casteleiro; N.N. Nobre; " Polyp Detection in Endoscopic Video using SVMs ", Proc European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases - PKDD , Warsaw , Poland , Vol. LNAI 4702 , pp. 358 - 365 , September , 2007 . 247 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Marques, P.; J. Dias; " SAR moving targets processing for low resources platforms ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 625 - 628 , April , 2007 . Nascimento, J.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; J. S. Marques; " Semi-supervised learning of switched dynamical models for classification of human activities in surveillance applications ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing - ICIP , San Jose , United States , Vol. III , pp. 197 200 , September , 2007 . Lourenço, Arl; A. L. N. Fred; " STRING PATTERNS: from Single Clustering to Ensemble Methods and Validation ", Proc Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems , Funchal , Portugal , June , 2007 . Yee, L.; P.L. Correia; P.F. Fonseca; A.C. Campos; " Underwater image analysis to classify benthic habitat characteristics ", Proc Portuguese Conf. on Pattern Recognition - RecPad , Lisbon , Portugal , October , 2007 . Teixeira, H.; H. Silva; P. Mil-Homens; " Vertical Jump Flight Time Measurement: A New Method Based on Acceleration Signals ", Proc Congress of European College of Sport Science - ECSS , Jyväskylä , Finland , July , 2007 . Gamboa, H.; A. L. N. Fred; A. K. Jain; " Webbiometrics: User Verification Via Web Interaction ", Proc Biometric Symposium BCC , Baltimore , United States , Vol. 2007 , pp. 33 - 38 , September , 2007 . Project Reports Fazendeiro, P.; J. Oliveira ; " An evolutive clustering algorithm based on semantic constraints ", The University of Algarve Informatics Laboratory, February , 2007 . 248 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Fazendeiro, P.; J. Oliveira ; " Fuzzy Clustering as a Data-driven Development Environment for Information Granules ", The University of Algarve Informatics Laboratory , , March , 2007 . Lourenço, Arl; A. L. N. Fred; " Studying the Muscular Load Profile using the APDF Function ", IT-FMH , , September , 2007 . Processing, Analysis, and Coding of Audio and Visual Information Book Chapters Pereira, F.; J. Ascenso; C. Brites ; P. Fonseca; J. Baltazar; " Evolution and challenges in multimedia representation technologies " - Chapter in A portrait of state-of-the-art research at the Technical University of Lisbon , M. Oom de Seabra Pereira , Springer , , 2007 . Papers in Journals Rodrigues, R. S. R.; J. Morgado; F. S. Silva; A. Gomes; " A Ghost CellBased Data Structure for Multiresolution Meshes ", Lectures Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 4706 , No. 2 , pp. 666 - 679 , August , 2007 . Coimbra, M.; M. Mackiewicz; M. F. Fisher; C. J. Jamieson; J. S. Soares; J. P. C. Silva Cunha; " Computer Vision Tools for Capsule Endoscopy Exam Analysis ", Eurasip NewsLetter , Vol. 18 , No. 1 , pp. 1 - 19 , March , 2007. Guillemot, C.; F. Pereira; L. Torres; T.E. Ebrahimi; R. Leonardi; J. Ostermann; " Distributed monoview and multiview video coding ", IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , Vol. 24 , No. 5 , pp. 67 - 76 , September , 2007 . 249 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Figueiredo, M. A. T.; R. Nowak; S. Wright; " Gradient projection for sparse reconstruction: application to compressed sensing and other inverse problems ", IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing , Vol. 1 , No. 4 , pp. 586 - 597 , December , 2007 . Figueiredo, M. A. T.; J. Dias; R. Nowak; " Majorization-minimization algorithms for wavelet-based image restoration ", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing , Vol. 16 , No. 12 , pp. 2980 - 2991 , December , 2007 . Brandão, T.; M.P. Queluz; " No-reference image quality assessment based on DCT domain statistics ", Signal Processing , October , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Sanches, T.; J. Antunes; P.L. Correia; " A Single Sensor Hand Biometric Multimodal System ", Proc European Signal Processing Conf. - EUSIPCO , Poznan , Poland , September , 2007 . Ascenso, J.; F. Pereira; " Adaptive Hash Based Side Information Exploitation for Efficient Wyner-Ziv Video Coding ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing - ICIP , San Antonio , United States , September , 2007 . Tagliasacchi, M.; J. Pedro ; F. Pereira; S. Tubaro; " An efficient request stopping method at the turbo decoder in distributed video coding ", Proc European Signal Processing Conf. - EUSIPCO , Poznan , Poland , September , 2007 . Soares, L. D.; F. Pereira; " An Integrated Error Resilient Object-based Video Coding ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . 250 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Paulo, C. F. P.; P.L. Correia; " Automatic Detection and Classification of Traffic Signs ", Proc Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services WIAMIS , Santorini , Greece , Vol. CD , June , 2007 . Correia, P.L.; L. Yee; P.F. Fonseca; A.C. Campos; " Automating Norway Lobster Counting Using Underwater Video Analysis ", Proc Workshop of the ICES-FAO Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour WGFTFB , Dublin , Ireland , April , 2007 . Araújo, P.; " Avaliação Remota do Desempenho da Empresa ", Proc Conf. da Associação Portuguesa de Sistemas de Informação , Aveiro , Portugal , January , 2007 . Sanches, T.; J. Antunes; P.L. Correia; " Biometric Recognition based on Finger Surfaces ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. I , pp. 457 - 460 , May , 2007 . Brandão, T.; M.P. Queluz; " Blind perceptual quality assessment method for DCT-based encoded images ", Proc European Signal Processing Conf. EUSIPCO , Poznan , Poland , September , 2007 . Brandão, T.; M.P. Queluz; " Blind PSNR estimation of video sequences using quantized DCT coefficient data ", Proc Picture Coding Symp. , Lisbon , Portugal , Vol. CDROM , November , 2007 . Silva, ; J. M. Madeira; F. S. Silva; B. S. S. Santos; " Comparação entre os algoritmos de simplificação NSA e QSlim usando a ferramenta PolyMeCo ", Proc Encontro Português de Computação Gráfica - EPCG , Lisboa , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 107 - 116 , October , 2007 . Cheng, D.; M. A. T. Figueiredo; " Cosegmentation for image sequences ", Proc International Conf. on Image Analysis and Processing - ICIAP , Modena , Italy , September , 2007 . 251 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Brites , C.; F. Pereira; " Encoder Rate Control for Transform Domain Wyner-Ziv Video Coding ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing - ICIP , San Antonio , United States , September , 2007 . Rodrigues, R. S. R.; J. Morgado; F. S. Silva; A. Gomes; " Esquema Multiresolução para Aplicações Geométricas em Tempo Real ", Proc Encontro Português de Computação Gráfica - EPCG , Lisboa , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 117 - 124 , October , 2007 . Brandão, T.; M.P. Queluz; " Estimation of DCT coefficient statistics from their quantized values: application to image quality evaluation ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Silva, ; F. S. Silva; Madeira ; Sousa Santos; " Evaluation of mesh simplification algorithms using PolyMeCo: A Case Study ", Proc SPIE Conf. on Visualization and Data Analysis - VDA , San Jose, California , United States , Vol. 6495 , pp. 64950D - 64950D , January , 2007 . Moiron, S.; S.M.M. Faria; P.A. Assunção; V. Silva; A. Navarro; " Fast Interframe Transcoding from H.264 to MPEG-2 ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing - ICIP , San Antonio , United States , Vol. IV , pp. 69 - 72 , September , 2007 . Faria, S.M.M.; V. Silva; A. Navarro; R. Marques; P.A. Assunção; " H.264 to MPEG-2 Conversion of Intra Coded Video ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 445 - 448 , May , 2007 . Almeida, R.; F. Pereira; " H.264/AVC low complexity encoding: a novel fast coding mode selection solution ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Moiron, S.; S.M.M. Faria; P.A. Assunção; V. Silva; A. Navarro; " H.264/AVC to MPEG-2 Video Transcoding Architecture ", Proc Conf. on 252 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 449 - 452 , May , 2007 . Nunes, P.; F. Pereira; " Improved Feedback Compensation Mechanisms for Multiple Video Object Encoding Rate Control ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing - ICIP , San Antonio , United States , September , 2007 . Nunes, P.; G. Pastuszak; A. Pietrasiewicz; F. Pereira; " Joint Bit-Allocation for Multi-Sequence H.264/AVC Video Coding Rate Control ", Proc Picture Coding Symp. , Lisboa , Portugal , November , 2007 . Moiron, S.; S.M.M. Faria; P.A. Assunção; V. Silva; A. Navarro; " Lowcomplexity video content adaptation for legacy user equipment ", Proc International Conf. on Multimedia Communications , Nafpaktos , Greece , August , 2007 . Yamagiwa, S.; L. Sousa; T. Brandão; " Meta-pipeline: a new execution mechanism for distributed pipeline processing ", Proc International Symp. on Parallel and Distributed Computing - ISPDC , Hagenberg , Austria , July , 2007 . Moiron, S.; S.M.M. Faria; P.A. Assunção; V. Silva; A. Navarro; " Mode Conversion for H.264 to MPEG-2 Video Transcoder ", Proc Picture Coding Symp. , Lisbon , Portugal , November , 2007 . Rodrigues, Nuno M. M. ; E. Silva; M. Carvalho; S.M.M. Faria; V. Silva; " Multiscale Recurrent Pattern Predictive Image Coding with Template Matching ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. , pp. 427 - 430 , May , 2007 . Silva, F. S.; " NSA Simplification Algorithm: geometrical vs. visual quality ", Proc Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , Vol. 1 , pp. 515 - 523 , August , 2007 . 253 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Rodrigues, Nuno M. M. ; E. Silva; M. Carvalho; S.M.M. Faria; V. Silva; " On Overriding H.264/AVC B-Slice Predicted Residue Coding ", Proc Picture Coding Symp. , Lisboa , Portugal , November , 2007 . Nunes, P.; F. Pereira; " Rate Control Architecture for Joint Object-based MPEG-4 Video Encoding ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Sousa, M.; M.M. Freire Freire; " Self-Similarity Analysis Applied to 2D Breast Cancer Imaging ", Proc International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications , Cap Esterel , France , Vol. 1 , pp. 1 - 6 , August , 2007 . Costa, M.C.; S.S. Soares; P.A. Assunção; J.B. Barroso; " Signal Reconstruction Techniques Applied to High Frame Rate Sequences ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Industrial Electronics - ISIE , Vigo , Spain , June , 2007 . Pedro , J.; L. D. Soares; C. Brites ; J. Ascenso; F. Pereira; C.B. Bandeirinha; S.Y. Ye; F.D. Dufaux; T.E. Ebrahimi; " Studying Error Resilience Performance for a Feedback Channel Based Transform Domain ", Proc Picture Coding Symp. , Lisbon , Portugal , November , 2007 . Pedro , J.; C. Brites ; J. Ascenso; F. Pereira; " Studying the Feedback Channel in Transform Domain Wyner-Ziv Video Coding ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Pereira, F.; J. Ascenso; C. Brites ; " Studying the GOP size impact on the performance of a feedback channel-based Wyner-Ziv video codec ", Proc IEEE Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and Video Technology - PSIVT , Santiago , Chile , December , 2007 . 254 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Artigas, X. A.; J. Ascenso; M. Dalai; D.K. Kubasov; M.O. Ouaret; " The DISCOVER codec: Architecture, Techniques and Evaluation ", Proc Picture Coding Symp. , Lisbon , Portugal , November , 2007 . Correia, P.L.; L. Yee; P.F. Fonseca; A.C. Campos; " Underwater Video Analysis for Norway Lobster Stock Quantification Using Multiple Visual Attention Features ", Proc European Signal Processing Conf. - EUSIPCO , Poznan , Poland , September , 2007 . Naccari, M.; G. Bressan; M. Tagliasacchi; F. Pereira; S. Tubaro; " Unequal error protection based on flexible macroblock ordering for robust H.264/AVC video transcoding ", Proc Picture Coding Symp. , Lisbon , Portugal , November , 2007 . Areia, J.; C. Brites ; J. Ascenso; F. Pereira; " Wyner-Ziv stereo video coding using a side information fusion approach ", Proc International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing , Chania , Greece , October , 2007 . SPEECH ANALYSIS AND RECOGNITION Papers in Conference Proceedings Lopes, C.; F. Perdigão; " Hybrid HMM/SVM Speech Event Detector ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 601 - 604 , May , 2007 . Lopes, C.; F. Perdigão; " Speech Event Detection By Non Negative Matrix Deconvolution ", Proc European Signal Processing Conf. - EUSIPCO , Poznan , Poland , September , 2007. Lopes, C.; F. Perdigão; " Speech event detection using SVM and NMD ", Proc International Symp. on Signal Processing and its Applications - ISSPA , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates , February , 2007 . 255 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Traffic Engineering Book Chapters Nogueira, A. N.; P. S. Salvador; R. Valadas; A. Pacheco; " Modeling IP Traffic Behavior through Markovian Models " - Chapter in Encyclopedia of Internet Technologies and Applications , Mário Freire and Manuela Pereira , Idea-Group Inc. , Hershey , 2007 . Papers in Journals Nogueira, A. N.; P. S. Salvador; R. Valadas; " A Framework for Detecting Internet Applications ", Lectures Notes in Computer Science , January, 2007. de Oliveira, M.R.O; R. Valadas; A. Pacheco; P. S. Salvador; " Cluster analysis of Internet users based on hourly traffic utilization ", IEICE Trans. on Communications , Vol. E90-B , No. 7 , pp. 1594 - 1607. , July , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings J. Valero; R. R. P. Paulo; F. J. Velez; " Event-Based Simulation for Multi-rate Multi-service Traffic Validation in B3G Systems ", Proc IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. , Dublin , Ireland , Vol. 1 , pp. 704 - 709 , April , 2007 . Juárez, J. M. J.; R. R. P. Paulo; F. J. Velez; " Event-Based Tele-Traffic Simulation of Mobile Communication Systems Beyond 3G ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. , pp. 343 - 346 , May , 2007 . Nogueira, A. N.; P. S. Salvador; R. Valadas; " Joint Modeling of MANET Characteristics for QoS Prediction ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Computers and Communications - ISCC , Aveiro , Portugal , July , 2007 . Ferreira, L. S.; C. Caeiro; M. Ferreira; M. Nunes; " QoS Performance Evaluation of a WLAN Mesh versus a WIMAX Network for an Isolated Village 256 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Scenario ", Proc EuroFGI Workshop on IP QoS and Traffic Control , Lisbon , Portugal , December , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. A. Silva; P. Monteiro; " Source Line Load Equalization Methods for Source Aggregation Algorithm (SAA) ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Computers and Communications - ISCC , Aveiro , Portugal , June , 2007 . Valero, J.; R. R. P. Paulo; F. J. Velez; " Validação de modelos de tráfego multi-serviço para sistemas de comunicações móveis de 3.5G com suporte de mobilidade ", Proc Engenharia - Jornadas da Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal , November , 2007 . 4.3.7 Other Achievements Prototypes Barros, J.; L. Lima; " MobSim - Simulator for Mobile Data Gathering ", Portugal , October , 2007 . Crisostomo , S.; J. Barros; " NC-SIM: Network Coding Simulator ", Portugal , July , 2007 . Oliveira, P. O.; J. Barros; " SiGaPaNo - sensor network forest monitoring prototype ", Portugal , December , 2007 . Faria, S.M.M.; L.F. Ferreira; L. Alves; " Telemaco ", PT--- , June , 2007 . Faria, S.M.M.; T.R. Fernandes; F. S. Perdigoto; " XSpy ", PT , October , 2007 Awards Figueiredo, M. A. T.; " Prémio UTL/Santander-Totta, in the area of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ", Prize awarded to the UTL researcher with the highest scientific impact, according to the ISI Science Citation Index, in the period 2002-2006. , 01-12-2007 . 257 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Gamboa, H.; " Finalist of the European Biometrics Research Award ", One of the three finalists for the European Biometrics Research award, as a recognition of the Phd work. , 01-09-2007 . Sargento, S.; " Best Local Student Paper Award ", Vítor Jesus, Susana Sargento, Daniel Corujo, Nuno Sénica, Miguel Almeida, Rui L. Aguiar, “Mobility with QoS Support for Multi-Interface Terminals: Combined User and Network Approach”, in Proc. 12th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC 2007), Aveiro (Portugal), Julho 2007, Best Local Student Paper. , 01-07-2007 . Figueiredo, M. A. T.; J. Pedro Oliveira; J. Dias; " Blind estimation of motion-blur parameters for image deconvolution ", Best paper award, Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis , 01-062007 . Correia, P.L.; " IEEE T-CSVT Outstanding Associate Editor Award ", Paulo Lobato Correia received an IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology ''Outstanding Associate Editor Award'' during the 2007 meeting of the IEEE T-CSVT Editorial Board, held in New Orleans, on May 28, 2007. , 01-05-2007 . Miscellaneous Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia (PCM’07) ", Hong-Kong , 01-12-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 12th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition (CIARP’2007) ", Viña del Mar, Valparaiso, Chile , 01-11-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 16th International Packet Video Workshop ", Lausanne, Switzerland , 01-11-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Invited Talks ", DISCOVER Monoview Video Codec ", Workshop on Recent Advances in Distributed Video Coding, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal , 01-11-2007 . 258 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Assunção, P.A.; " Technical Audit ", FP6/IST Project Review ", FP6/IST Project ENTHRONE , 01-11-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Advisory Committee ", IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications ", Dubai, United Arab Emirates , 01-11-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Advisory Committee ", Picture Coding Symposium (PCS’2007) ", Lisbon, Portugal , 01-11-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 15º Encontro Português de Computação Gráfica ", Porto Salvo, Portuga , 01-10-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP'07) ", Chania - Greece , 01-102007 . Ravara, A.R.; " MSc Thesis Jury ", SPATIAL TYPES FOR CONCURRENCY: A Spatial Logic to Specify and Verify Distributed Systems ", , 01-10-2007 Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP’2007) ", Modena, Italy , 01-09-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", ACM Multimedia ", Augsburg, Germany , 01-09-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO’ 2007) ", Poznan - Poland , 01-09-2007 Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal based Surveillance (AVSS’2007) ", London, UK , 01-09-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP’2007) ", Santo Antonio, TX, USA , 01-092007 . Pereira, F.; " Tutorial ", MPEG multimedia standards: evolution and future developments ", ACM Multimedia, Augsburg, Germany , 01-092007 . Pereira, F.; " Training Course ", MPEG-21: a standard for a multimedia framework ", European Patent Office, Munich, Germany , 01-09-2007 . 259 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 9th Symposium on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems (ACIVS’2007) ", Delft, Netherlands , 01-08-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR’2007) ", Montreal, Canada , 01-08-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", Third International Mobile and Multimedia Communications Conference (MobiMedia’2007) ", Nafpaktos, Greece , 01-08-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 4th Visual Information Engineering Conference (VIE’2007) ", London, UK , 01-07-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME’2007) ", Beijing, China , 0107-2007 . Faria, S.M.M.; P.A. Assunção; " Editor of Conference Proceedings ", International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications ", ISBN-978-989-8111-13-5 , 01-07-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Tutorial ", MPEG multimedia standards: evolution and recent developments ", IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME’2007), Beijing, China , 01-07-2007 . Figueiredo, M. A. T.; " Invited Talks ", On Semi-Supervised and Active Learning ", Statistics for Data Mining, Learning, and Knowledge Extraction - IASC'2007 , 01-07-2007 . Assunção, P.A.; " PhD Thesis Jury ", Rate Control for Object Based Video Coding ", Paulo Nunes , 01-07-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 9th International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISUAL’2007) ", Shanghai, China , 01-06-2007 . Correia, P.L.; " Invited Talks ", Biometrics for Recognition (and More?) ", Mestrado de Informática Médica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , 01-06-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", Fifth International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI’2007) ", Bordeaux, France , 01-06-2007 . 260 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Assunção, P.A.; " Technical Audit ", FP7 Call 1 Evaluation ", FP7 Call 1, Objective 1.5, Networked Media , 01-06-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Visual Signal Processing and Communications (VSPC) Technical Committee ", , 01-06-2007 . Figueiredo, M. A. T.; " Invited Talks ", Semi-supervised Classification and Clustering ", Seventh International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems - PRIS'2007 , 01-06-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS’2007) ", Santorini – Greece , 01-06-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", 6ª Conferência de Telecomunicações ", Peniche, Portugal , 01-05-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Invited Talks ", Metadata: the key for powerful multimedia personalization ", Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal , 01-05-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Invited Talks ", Multimedia application formats: why, how and what ? ", Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy , 01-03-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Invited Talks ", Processing challenges in intelligent video adaptation ", Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy , 01-03-2007 . Fred, A. L. N.; " Training Course ", Clustering Methods ", Programa de Doutoramento de Biologia Computacional do IGC/FCT/Siemens , 23-022007 . Pereira, F.; " Invited Talks ", Bringing emotions to adapted multimedia experiences ", Universitat Autónoma de Madrid, Spain , 01-02-2007 . Assunção, P.A.; " Technical Audit ", FP6/IST Project Review ", IST / FP6 Project ASTRALS , 01-02-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Advisory Committee ", International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications (ISSPA’07) ", Sharjah, United Arab Emirates , 01-02-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Invited Talks ", Distributed video coding: basics, developments and challenges ", Universitat Politécnica de Madrid, Spain , 01-01-2007 . 261 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Figueiredo, M. A. T.; " Member of Technical Committee ", IEEE Technical Committee on Image and Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing (IMDSP-TC) ", , 01-01-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Tutorial ", MPEG-7: multimedia content description interface ", Workshop on MPEG Technologies, Marrakech, Morroco , 0101-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", Third International Workshop on Video Processing and Quality Metrics for Consumer Electronics (VPQM’07) ", Scottsdale, AZ, USA , 01-01-2007 . Pereira, F.; " Member of Technical Committee ", Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP’2007) ", San Jose, CA, USA , 01-01-2007 . 262 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA 4.3.8 Other Contributions Conference Committees International Conf. on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications, Technical Programme Committee, Nuno Rodrigues, 01-01-2007 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference ATNAC, Technical Programme Committee, José Brázio, 01-01-2007 IEEE International Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing ICASSP, Technical Programme Committee, Mário Figueiredo, 01-01-2007 IEEE International Conf. on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks - SoftCOM, Special Sessions Chairman, Joel José Puga Coelho Rodrigues, 01-01-2007 IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, Technical Programme Committee, José Brázio, 01-01-2007 International Conf. on Image Analysis and Recognition, Technical Programme Committee, Mário Figueiredo, 01-01-2007 European Signal Processing Conf. - EUSIPCO, Technical Programme Committee, Paulo Lobato Correia, 01-01-2007 Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Technical Programme Chairman, Luís Sá, 01-01-2007 Picture Coding Symp., Organizing Committee, Paulo Nunes, 01-01-2007 International Conf. on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications, Technical Programme Committee, Paulo Lobato Correia, 01-01-2007 Picture Coding Symp., Organizing Committee, Tomás Brandão, 01-01-2007 Picture Coding Symp., Organizing Committee, Catarina Brites , 01-01-2007 IEEE International Conf. on Multimedia and Expo - ICME, Technical Programme Committee, Catarina Brites , 01-01-2007 International Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Scientific Committee, Sérgio Faria, 01-11-2007 International Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Scientific Committee, Fernando Lopes, 01-01-2007 International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems, Technical Programme Committee, Mário Figueiredo, 01-01-2007 263 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA IEEE INFOCOM, Technical Programme Committee, João Sobrinho, 01-012007 Picture Coding Symp., Special Sessions Chairman, Luís Ducla Soares, 01-012007 IEEE International Conf. on Multimedia and Expo - ICME, Technical Programme Committee, Paulo Nunes, 01-01-2007 International Conf. on Electrical Engineering, Sessions Chairman , Fernando Lopes, 01-01-2007 International Conf. on Telecommunications - ConTEL, Technical Programme Committee, Sérgio Faria, 01-05-2007 International Conf. on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando Lopes, 01-01-2007 International Conf. on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications, Sessions Chairman , Sérgio Faria, 01-01-2007 International Conf. on Telecommunications - ConTEL, Sessions Chairman , Sérgio Faria, 01-01-2007 International Workshop on Information Theory for Sensor Networks - WITS, Conference Chairman, João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros, 01-012007 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. - GLOBECOM, Technical Programme Committee, João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros, 01-01-2007 International Symposium on Information Security - IS, Technical Programme Committee, João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros, 01-01-2007 IEEE International Symp. on Information Theory - ISIT, Technical Programme Committee, João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros, 01-012007 Conf. Nacional sobre Segurança Informática nas Organizações - SINO, Technical Programme Committee, João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros, 01-01-2007 6th Conference on Telecommunications - ConfTele 2007, Organizing Committee, Sérgio Faria, 09-05-2007 International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications (SIGMAP 2007), Technical Programme Committee, Maria Paula Queluz, 2807-2007 264 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA Mosharaka International Conference on Communications, Systems and Circuits (M-CSC07), Technical Programme Committee, Maria Paula Queluz, 28-01-2007 Moshraka International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (M-WCMC07), Technical Programme Committee, Maria Paula Queluz, 06-09-2007 13th International Conference on telecommunications, Organizing Committee, Pedro Amado Assunção, 01-01-2007 3rd Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - IbPRIA 2007, Technical Programme Committee, Ana Fred, 06-06-2007 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining, MLDM 2007, Technical Programme Committee, Ana Fred, 15-07-2007 7º Conferência de Redes e Serviços de Comunicação - CRSC´2006, Organizing Committee, João da Silva Pereira, 01-04-2007 7th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems PRIS 2007, Conference Chairman, Ana Fred, 14-06-2007 9th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems - ICEIS 2007, Technical Programme Committee, Ana Fred, 14-06-2007 ConfTele 2007, Technical Programme Committee, Fernando Pereira, 09-052007 Energy Minimization Methods in COmputer Vision and Pattern Recognition EMMCVPR'2007, Technical Programme Committee, Mário Figueiredo, 27-082007 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - CVPR'2007, Scientific Committee, Mário Figueiredo, 18-062007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 07), Technical Programme Committee, Maria Paula Queluz, 02-07-2007 International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR2007), Technical Programme Committee, Maria Paula Queluz, 22-08-2007 International Conference on Image Processing - ICIP'2007, Technical Programme Committee, Mário Figueiredo, 15-09-2007 International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications, Technical Programme Chairman, Pedro Amado Assunção, 01-01-2007 265 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – NETWORKS & MULTIMEDIA International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications SIGMAP 2007, Technical Programme Chairman, Sérgio Faria, 28-07-2007 International Workshop on Telecommunications, Technical Programme Committee, António Nogueira, 12-02-2007 Maria, Technical Programme Committee, Maria Paula Queluz, 16-02-2007 Picture Coding Symposium - PCS 2007, Technical Programme Chairman, Paulo Lobato Correia, 01-01-2007 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS'2007), Conference Chairman, Fernando Pereira, 30-11-2007 Third Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis IbPRIA'2007, Technical Programme Committee, Mário Figueiredo, 06-062007 Third International Workshop on Video Processing and Quality Metrics for Consumer Electronics (VPQM’07), Technical Programme Committee, Fernando Pereira, 31-01-2007 Workshop on Supervised and Unsupervised Ensemble Methods and Their Applications - SUEMA 2007, Technical Programme Committee, Ana Fred, 0406-2007 Editorial Committees Open Electrical and Electronic Engineering Journal - OEEE , Bentham Science Publishers, João Francisco Cordeiro de Oliveira Barros, Member of the Editorial Board, 01-07-2007 to 01-07-2010 IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , IEEE, Fernando Pereira, Associate Editor, 01-01-2007 to 31-12-2009 266 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 4.4 Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies 4.4.1 Coordinators Pedro Girão Luís Alcácer 4.4.2 Human Resources Overview Degree Aveiro Coimbra Lisboa Professor Emeritus 0 0 1 Full Professor 1 2 3 Associate Professor 0 4 5 Assistant Professor 2 4 16 Post-Doc 1 0 5 Coordinator Professor 0 1 2 Assistant Lecturer 0 5 0 PhD Student 2 3 12 MSc Student 0 5 7 Graduate 0 0 1 TOTAL 6 24 52 Table 30 – Overview of the human resources in the Basic Sciences ans Enabling Technologies Area 267 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Permanent Collaborators Name Degree Position Group Luís Alcácer Agregação Professor Emeritus TM António Cruz Serra Agregação Full Professor IM Dinis Magalhães Santos Agregação Full Professor ICS – Av Eduardo de Sousa Saraiva Agregação Full Professor Psys Joaquim Júdice Agregação Full Professor Amath Maria Cristina Sernandas Agregação Full Professor SQIG Pedro Silva Girão Agregação Full Professor IM Artur Lopes Ribeiro Agregação Associate Professor IM Jorge Morgado Agregação Associate Professor TM Helena Ramos Agregação Assistant Professor IM António Cardoso PhD Associate Professor Psys José Carlos Teixeira PhD Associate Professor Amath Manuel Figueiredo Campagnolo PhD Associate Professor SQIG Maria Celeste Gouveia PhD Associate Professor Amath Maria Madalena Martins PhD Associate Professor Amath Rui Teives Henriques PhD Associate Professor TM Adérito Neto Alcaso PhD Assistant Professor Psys André Mendes PhD Assistant Professor Psys Beatriz Borges PhD Assistant Professor PE Carlos dos Santos Lourenço PhD Assistant Professor SQIG PhD Assistant Professor SQIG Fernando Tim Tim Janeiro PhD Assistant Professor IM Francisco Alegria PhD Assistant Professor IM Daniel da Silva Graça 268 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Name Degree Position Group Francisco Miguel Dionísio PhD Assistant Professor SQIG João Manuel Patrício PhD Assistant Professor Amath Jorge M. Correia Guilherme PhD Assistant Professor ICS – Lx José Cura PhD Assistant Professor ICS – Av Maria Helena Fino PhD Assistant Professor ICS – Lx Maria Paula Gouveia PhD Assistant Professor SQIG Manuel Fonseca da Silva PhD Assistant Professor IM Nuno Horta PhD Assistant Professor ICS – Lx Pedro Ramos PhD Assistant Professor IM Raul Martins PhD Assistant Professor IM Rui L. Aguiar PhD Assistant Professor ICS – Av Rui Neves PhD Assistant Professor ICS – Lx Sérgio Cruz PhD Assistant Professor PSys José Dias Pereira PhD Coordinator Professor IM Luís Merca Fernandes PhD Coordinator Professor Amath Manuel Matos PhD Coordinator Professor TM Ana Charas PhD Pos-Doc TM Domingos Barbosa PhD Pos-Doc ICS - Av Filipe Aguiar de Moura PhD Pos-Doc SQIG Kerry Ojakian PhD Pos-Doc SQIG Octavian Postolache PhD Pos-Doc IM Tomas Radil PhD Pos-Doc IM Table 31 – Permanent Collaborators working in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area 269 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Other Collaborators Name Degree Position Group Carlos Ferreira MSc Assistant Professor PE Ana Carla Vicente Vieira MSc Assistant Lecturer Psys José Luís Silva MSc Assistant Lecturer Psys Luís M. Oliveira MSc Assistant Lecturer PSys Marina Perdigão MSc Assistant Lecturer PSys Natália Gameiro MSc Assistant Lecturer PSys Acácio Manuel Amaral MSc PhD Student Psys Luis Nero Alves MSc PhD Student ICS – Av PhD Student PSys M´hamed Drif MSc Ricardo Queirós MSc PhD Student IM Vítor Viegas MSc PhD Student IM Ana Luísa Mendonça Graduate PhD Student TM Hugo Marques Graduate PhD Student PE Luis Filipe Camacho Graduate PhD Student SQIG PhD Student IM PhD Student TM PhD Student ICS - Lx PhD Student ICS - Av PhD Student IM PhD Student IM PhD Student PE PhD Student PE PhD Student AMath Luis Maria B. Pina Soares Luis Filipe Morgado Manuel Fernando Barros Mónica Figueiredo Mouhaydine Tlemçani Nuno Gonçalo Bandeira Brás Raúl Domingos Monteiro Stanimir Valtchev Teresa G. Ferreira Gaspar Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate 270 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Name Victor Costa Carlos Manuel Duarte David Simões Francisco Nunes Gonçalo Neves Luís Carlos Maria Manuel Pires Abraços Nuno Calado Lourenço Nuno M. Lucas Vieira Lopes Pedro Miguel Mouta Rodrigues Rui Vaz Luís Sérgio Lopes dos Santos Ticiana Viseu José Augusto Alves Gouveia Degree Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Position Group PhD Student PE MSc Student PSys MSc Student ICS - Lx MSc Student PE MSc Student ICS - Lx MSc Student PSys MSc Student PE MSc Student ICS - Lx MSc Student PSys MSc Student IM MSc Student ICS - Lx MSc Student PSys MSc Student PSys Researcher IM Table 32 – Non-permanent Collaborators working in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area 271 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 4.4.3 Summary of Research Achievements The multidisciplinary area falling under the general heading of Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies comprises six main lines of research: - Technology and Materials - Integrated Circuits and Systems - Instrumentation and Measurement - Radioastronomy - Power Electronics - Applied Mathematics - Logic and Computation Technology and Materials Scope and Objectives: In 2007, the scientific activities in Technology and Materials dealt with Organic Electronics and related subjects, aiming at ultralowcost, lightweight and flexible electronic devices for displays, circuits, photovoltaic solar cells, and systems that can be printed on anything and placed anywhere. The most relevant activities included: 1) Applications of photo-crosslinkable polymers to fabricate multilayer LightEmmiting Diodes (LEDS) and interlayers in LEDs. 2) Fabrication and characterisation of polymeric FETs based of F8T2 and on a crosslinkabel derivative. Demonstration of field effect in the cross-linked polymer. 3) Synthesis and characterisation of copolymers made of a luminescent polymer (Polyfluorene) and PMMA for Plastic Optical Fibers (POFs). The first POFs based on two of these new materials were produced by an Italian Company (Luceat). The characterisation of these fibers is under way. This activiy was carried out within a EC-funded project via Instituto Superior Técnico. 4) Setting up of an AFM/STM to characterise surfaces topography and to be used in the electrical characterisation of molecular monolayers (UNIME project). 5) Synthesis of new materials for photovolaic applications. 6) Search of magnetoresistance effects in LED structures of organic thin films. 7) Design and synthesis of new building blocks for molecular conductors, either based on a single component or in the traditional donor-acceptor combinations. 272 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 8) Study of quantum interference on the family of molecular conductors (perylene)2M(mnt)2, in collaboration with researchers at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Talahassee, Florida and Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear Integrated Circuits and Systems Scope and Objectives: The IC Design Automation group addresses the development of design automation tools for “System-on-Chip” applications, the design of state-of-the-art Analog and Mixed-Signal IC prototypes and the development of E-Design/E-Learning environments to support design activities. There were four distinct lines of work in this sub-area: i) Design Automation ii) Electronic Systems Design iii) Circuits and Systems iv) Networks IC Design Automation: The group research activities on the design automation domain include: 1) Circuit and system optimization techniques, particularly, the use of evolutionary computation techniques to optimize a broad range of circuits and systems; 2) Automatic circuit and systems topology search based on evolutionary computation methodologies; 3) Symbolic analysis and synthesis for analog and mixed signal systems. The development of E-Design/E-Learning environments to support collaborative design activities include the research on areas such as web/data mining techniques, as well as partnerships with distance learning research teams. IC Design: The group research activities on the IC design include: 1) Design of analog and mixed signal ICs for telecom, e.g., the analog structures for 4G mobile terminals; 2) Research on embedded system applied to enhance the reconfigurability of analog and mixed signal systems; 3) Design and research on the implementation of circuits and systems on organic technologies; 273 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Circuits and Systems: The activity pursued in the field of Circuits and Systems has been focused in three key lines: 1) Timing issues, mainly clock synchronization and clock distribution. The work has been mainly focused in this year in aspects surronding conceptual studies, and the blocks that may support them. 2) High performance systems, mainly front-ends for optical communications. This activity has been tackling both wireless and wired optical systems. In the first case, current techniques for front-end applications are being investigated, and this research has contributed to the field of feedback theory. In the second case, highspeed (>10Gb/s) front-ends were developed low-cost InP GaAs technologies, including filter design. 3) infrared wireless optical communications, mainly for LANs. In this case, the work performed was lauching a new application field for these techniques. Networks: The activity being pursued in the field of Networks has been focused on two different aspects: 1) Heterogeneous network design for fixed wireless convergence. A large demonstrator has been setup, covering QoS, mobility and ad-hoc characteristics, including WiMax, WiFi and DVB technologies. 2) Development of novel architectures for networks, covering aspects as privacy, wireless communications, and disruptive paradigms. Radioastronomy Generally speaking, the activity of this novel group consists of the development of instrumentation for measurement and characterization of low-level radiation from outer space, in the microwave region. Instrumentation refers both to the electronics and physical infrastructure, including antenna mounts, drives and ancillary equipment, such as data acquisition for environmental and meteorological variables. Main activities in 2007 were: 1. Work has progressed in the implementation of a large instrument in central Portugal (a Cassegrain antenna with a diameter of 9m). As mentioned in the project site (http://www.av.it.pt/gem/)., the instrument aims at, among other things, building maps of the polarized emission from our galaxy in the lower 274 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES microwave range (around 5GHz). The drive mechanism, and necessary changes to the antenna mount have been completed, as well as the data acquisition and control system thereof. The instrument is expected to be in place by early Spring 2008. 2. A similar experiment is being prepared for detection and measurement of polarized galactic radiation around 2.3GHz. 3. The design and implementation of low-level electronics for radiation detection in he ranges of interest, and also on signal processing at the back end of the electronics (namely, detection and correlation electroncs). Several publications resulted from this line of work. 4. In addition to these activities, participation in international, long range projects is being prepared. The group was formally accepted as a member of PrepSKA, an international consortium for preparation of the implementation of SKA, the Square Kilometer Array (http://www.skatelescope.org/), and has been active in the preparation of the preliminary specifications for SKA. Members of group also participated in the preparation of Radionet (a European program for the implementation of advanced Astronomy and Astrophysics activities in Europe) proposal for FP7. Instrumentation and Measurement The Instrumentation and Measurement Group developed in 2007 work that can be further subdivided in the following topics: • Analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue conversion; • Measurement of electrical quantities; • Sensors and transducers; • Signal acquisition and automated and telemetric measuring systems; • Signal processing applied to sensors and instrumentation. The activities in analogue-to-digital (AD) and digital-to-analogue (DA) conversion have been centred on the collaboration with IEEE TC-10 Waveform Generation, Measurement and Analysis Committee. Within this technical committee, GIM members contributed to the work related with the following IEEE standards: IEEE 1057 (Waveform Digitizers), IEEE 1241 (ADC), and IEEE 1658 (DAC). Also worth 275 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES mentioning is the implementation of a digitally programmable ADC for smart sensors applications. In what concerns the measurement of electrical quantities, it should be emphasized the measurement of voltage, current, power, impedance, admittance, and magnetic field, all in the context of FCT funded projects. The implemented measuring devices and systems include hardware and software developed in-house both using commercial off-the-shelf products and specially designed products. The targets of the developed work were, essentially, power quality analysis and magnetic induction tomography. Related to the last subject, a prototype of a magnetic induction tomography system was designed, implemented and tested. R&D in sensors and transducers was mainly conducted in the context of environmental and biomedical applications, two domains of applications favoured by the Instrumentation and Measurement Group. Thus, new sensing structures, namely for conductivity measurement to be used for in-situ estuarine water quality monitoring, for fuel soil contamination, and for atmospheric visibility measurement were designed and implemented. Ultrasound sensing was investigated for ranging measurement and non-destructive testing namely of human prosthesis. Biomedical and biology oriented work includes the design of a pacemaker for small rodents and design, implementation and testing of underwater acoustic source identification and for Sado dolphins tracking and identification. Outside the two-above mentioned domains of applications it is worth mentioning the realization of a prototype of a solar-based attitude sensing system to be incorporated in satellites designed and implemented by an European students network. All Instrumentation and Measurement Group members have experience and competence on signal acquisition and automated and telemetric measuring systems. The Group has been a partner of National Instruments and the expertise of its members has been used either within the context of R&D projects or within collaborations with external entities. Examples of the first are the implementation of: • signal acquisition systems, namely using NI cRIO technology, for environmental monitoring applications, • PDA and mobile phone based instrumentation for medical applications, 276 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES • remote transmission solutions based on 802.11 protocol and GPRS technologies • systems based on Foundation Fieldbus and HART instrumentation. • In 2007, the following services to external entities were rendered: • conclusion of the automation of a 2MeV linear particle accelerator for Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN); • design, specification and test of an integrated remotely accessible system to monitor and control the radiofrequency spectrum in Madeira for Autoridade Nacional de Comunicações (ANACOM). Signal processing is constantly present in modern instrumentation and measuring systems. As in the past, techniques such as neural networks, self-organizing maps, fuzzy logic, wavelets, genetic algorithms and data fusion have been used to digitally process sensors’ output data for accuracy improvement, data representation classification and forecasting purposes. Examples of the use of wavelets are for characterization and optimization of encoders based systems and for detection and classification of disturbances in a single-phase power system. Finally, it is worth mentioning that in 2007 the Instrumentation and Measurement Group concluded an FCT funded re-equipment project. Power Electronics Study and development of single stage switching audio power amplifiers. Focus on new pulse width modulators and in passive filter topologies in order to improve circuit performance. ACTIVE POWER FILTERS AND POWER FACTOR COMPENSATION Study and characterisation of new topologies. Study, development and experimental realization of a hybrid active power filter with optimization of the power inverter. Study, development and experimental realization of single stage power factor correctors topologies and control processes. RESONANT CONTACTLESS ENERGY TRANSFER Experimental characterization and modelling of a high efficient series-loaded series resonant converter for contactless energy transmission. SWITCHING CONVERTERS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES 277 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Theoretical study and experimental realization of two power converters with double current mode control, for interface between the ac mains and a Photo Voltaic Panel. COLABORATION WITH RMOM CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS GROUP ON INTEGRATION IN CMOS TECHNOLOGY Continuation of research, development and practical implementation of very high frequency high performance DC-DC converters in CMOS technology for power management RF-CMOS ,“System On a Chip (SoC)”. Design of three 100MHz buck converters was accomplished. COLABORATION WITH INESC AND CHIPIDEA Development and design of a new PMOS LDO voltage regulator intended for small analogue cores (SMIC 0.13 um CMOS technology). Applied Mathematics In recent years, research in Applied Mathematics has been developed in the following three important fields: i) Optimization. ii) Numerical Linear Algebra. iii) Partial Differential Equations. Apart from some more theoretical oriented studies, the work has mainly been focused on the design, convergence analyses, implementation and testing of algorithms for the solution of many important problems in these areas. Collaboration with researchers in other areas was continued in the design and solution of some models of engineering and finance. The most relevant topics are presented below: 1. Numerical Linear Algebra: Preconditioning and convergence of iterative methods for the solution of linear systems of equations. 2. Complementarity Problems: design, implementation, convergence analyses and testing of interior-point algorithms, active-set methods, sequential quadratic algorithms and enumerative methods. 3. Global Optimization: complementarity algorithms, positive semi-definite and reformulation-linearization techniques for bilevel programming, quadratic and bilinear programming and mathematical programs with complementarity constraints. 278 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 4. Discrete Optimization: global optimization algorithms for linear, nonlinear and complementarity problems with integer variables. 5. Solution of Structured Optimization Models, namely finance portfolio selection models, network models, eigencomplementarity problems and other engineering models. 6. Solution of Partial Differential Equations associated with contact problems and other variational models in engineering. 7. Design and solution of models of filtering and other areas in telecommunications. Logic and Computation During the year of 2006, research in Logic and Computation has been developed in the following fronts: i) Logics for reasoning about quantum and stochastic systems ii) Combination of logics iii) Computation in continuous time systems Logics for reasoning about quantum and stochastic systems Completeness and decidability results were obtained for several exogenous extensions of classical propositional logic, as well as for Hoare calculi over probabilistic programs using the previous logics as state logics. Some preliminary results were obtained towards similar results for quantum first-order logic and Hoare calculi over quantum programs. Temporal extensions of exogenous logics were also proposed and their model-checking problem was analysed. An institution-theoretical account was given of the exogenous approach to enriching logics that provided insight on current limitations and future development of the exogenous semantics idea. Completeness and semi-decidability results were established for a measuretheoretical semantics of the almost-everywhere quantification, having in mind future work on kleistic logic. Combination of Logics A research survey book on the theory and applications of fibring of logics was concluded. Preliminary work was carried out towards a truly universal mechanism 279 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES for combining logics, encompassing even substructural and non truth-functional logics. Computation in continuous time systems The research carried aimed, broadly, to pursue the investigation of the connections among different computation models. In particular, polynomial differential equations and algebras of real recursive functions closed under linear differential equations have been studied. For the first case, the computational universality of polynomial differential equations has been shown, and the equivalence with recursive analysis, under a given framework, has been proved. For the second case, new inductive techniques to establish links among function algebras on the integers, the rationals, and the reals have been developedRunning and Concluded Projects. 280 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 4.4.4 Running and Concluded Projects Overview Funding Agency Numbe Ciência Viva 1 Internal 2 DSIC/ Ministerio de Education y Ciencia Espanhol 1 EU, IST Programme 1 EU,TOK-IAP 1 FCT/POCI 5 FCT/POCTI 1 FCT/POSC 4 FCT/PTDC 10 ICP/ANACOM 1 IT/LA 6 TOTAL 33 Table 33 – Number of active projects running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area 281 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Activity in projects Acron / Ref Title GOA / CV-1572-2006 Listening Dolphins and Measuring the Water Quality where they Live Funding Ciência Viva Descript. The project main objective is to promote new connections between National Research Institutes, such as Instituto de Telecomunicações and the research units of the Portuguese Polytechnic Schools and groups of professor and students from Secondary Schools in the area of interdisciplinary research of environment monitoring. Considering that a bottlenose dolphin community is localized in the Sado Estuary the project propose an interdisciplinary research associated with dolphin behavior monitoring through underwater sounds acquisition and processing and at the same time the monitoring of the water quality in Sado Estuary in order to obtain correlations between the dolphin life behavior an aquatic environment conditions. An important component of the project is to realize multimedia presentation related to the systems for dolphin and water quality monitoring and the experimental data obtained during the field monitoring session or obtained in the laboratory conditions. Acron / Ref EUPAS Title EUropean Project for ADC-based devices Standardization Funding Internal Descript. European Network including 10 Universities and Research centres and 5 Industrial partners. 282 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Description: The aim of this project is to contribute to the improvement of the European rules concerning the test methods for analog-to-digital converters and sample-and-hold circuits, with emphasis on their dynamic behavior. During 2003, new test methods to circumvent the limits of the measurement instrumentation, to measure particular parameters required for specific applications and to diagnose problems in new converter designs will be investigated and proposed. Acron / Ref CAR Title Vehicular Electronics Funding Internal Descript. Power electronics for vehicles; drives for electric vehicles; power conversion in ICE vehicles; new applications of power electronics Acron / Ref Title NORIT / CTM2005-02034/MAR Incidence of Norway lobster emergence activity rythms on its populations assessment Funding DSIC/ Ministerio de Education y Ciencia Espanhol Descript. The final objectiveof this project is to measure, and to quantify, the emergence rhythms of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus L.) for the different parts of its population, in response to different environemental variables, and thus obtaining a database for a more precise evaluation of this resource. 283 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Acron / Ref Title POLYCOM Plastic Optical Fibers with Embedded Active Polymers for Data Communications Funding EU,IST Programme Descript. Development of low-loss polymer optical fibers and waveguides with integrated gain and ultrafast optical switching functionalities. The work to be carried out by IT researchers (under the contract signed by Instituto Superior Tecnico) involves the synthesis of novel conjugated luminescent polymers to be dispersed in Plastic Optical Fibers (POFs) matrices (e.g. PMMA). The development of low loss POFs matrices is also part of IT contribution Acron / Ref Title PREMAID Design of Railway Power Trains for Better Reliability and Easier Maintenance - Predictive Maintenance Funding EU,TOK-IAP Descript. The main objective of this project is to minimize the impact of the component and/or the system aging (conducting to component/system failure) on the commercial use of the trains and therefore allowing higher availability of the traction system. The availability of the equipment is limited by their downtime for maintenance operations. 284 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Acron / Ref ORAL / POCI/MAT/56727/2004 Title Alocação Óptima de Recursos Funding FCT/POCI Descript. This project intends to optimize several video encoding parameters. Although we focus on ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard as a reference to formulate the problems, all the optimization solutions to be investigated have a more general application. As it is well known, a standard like H.264 is a compilation of the most sophisticated algorithms. Despite each of them by itself is qualified as of a high performance, their combination may result in a poor system. For instance, a standard could provide either less or better performance in some circumstances like constant/variable bit rate (BR), low/high BR, low/high resolution, low/high scalability, good/bad channel, low/high delay, etc. Therefore, parameter tuning is of crucial importance to adapt the standard to any of those conditions. Moreover, in general, when a new standard is issued, it provides a worse performance than any previous one since it lacks optimization. This is the case of H.264, a recent ITU/MPEG standard with some profiles still to be approved. As the history showed, we then expect, in the ORAL framework, to contribute to improve H.264 performance significantly. The main motivation to embrace this proposed research is to join, in a fruitful manner, scientists from mathematics and communications to solve multidimensional telecom problems. The optimization problems to be processed are largescale and involve constraints. Furthermore, interpolation, stability, existence, achievability and convergence rate are critical mathematical concepts that are fundamental in this research. Let Xijk be a random process defining an original sample (image pixel) at spatio-temporal position i,j,k of video sequence length T and image resolution NxM. We intend to propose new mathematical methods for those specific problems in order to achieve optimal and sub-optimal solutions with 285 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES as low computational complexity as possible. These new methodologies are to be compared with other solution methods that have been published in the literature. Acron / Ref Title Conjugated polymers and copolymers POCI/QUI/58291/2004 End-capped conjugated polymers and copolymers for device applications Funding FCT/POCI Descript. The objectives are to synthesise and fully characterise in terms of photophysical properties and chemical stability a series of polyfluorenes, poly(p-phenylene vinylenes) and related copolymers with hole trapping or blocking, electron trapping and luminescent end-groups for potential applications in LEDs. The best candidates will be used for device fabrication and the current-voltage and luminance-voltage characteristics studied. Acron / Ref Conducting polymers / POCI/CTM/58767/2004 Title Photovoltaic cells based on conducting polymers and anthocyanins Funding FCT/POCI Descript. The main goal of this project is the development of active layers made of conjugated polymers and anthocyanin dyes for the fabrication of efficient photovoltaic cells. In order to achieve this main goal, the partial objectives to be attain are: i) selection of electron donor (conjugated polymer) – electron acceptor (anthocyanin) pairs showing efficient charge transfer in the excited state. 286 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES ii) optimisation of the conjugated polymers-anthocyanin composites in terms of composition and film morphology with a view to maximise the photoinduced charge transfer, iii) fabrication of photovoltaic cells based on such composites, with an assessment of the charge transport efficiency; iv) synthesis of double cables made of conjugated polymers main chain with anthocyanin side groups and comparison of their photophysics with that of the corresponding composites; v) fabrication of photovoltaic cells based on such double cable systems; vi) Assessment of the relative performance of PVs based on the two approaches: composites vs doubel cable. Acron / Ref GEM / POCI/CTE-AST/57209/2004 Title Galactic Emission Mapping Funding FCT/POCI Descript. 1st Phase of the Galactic Emission Mapping Project at Portugal -Develop a polarimeter/correlator to detect and map the polarized microwave emission from the Milky Way ( -Use of novel design for a base-band complex I/Q digital correlator based on progammable logic devices (Altera FPGA chip). -Installation of the polarimeter in C-band cassegrain antenna (9-m) for a 1yr observation. - merge the North Hemsiphere maps with South Hemisphere map form Brazil and produce the biggest high sensitivity quasi all-sky map at C-band. -Feed these maps into Principle Component Separation algorythms in Data processing Pipeline of the Planck surveyor satellite (ESA, 287 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 2008) for microwave decontamination. Acron / Ref QuanLog / POCI/MAT/55796/2004 Title Logic in Quantum Computation and Information Funding FCT/POCI Descript. The main goal of the project is to address and solve some of the many challenging open theoretical problems in the area, as well as to explore some important applications. Significant original results are expected in several aspects of the theory, such as: quantum walks of entangled particles, quantum algorithms in logic, categories of quantum automata and monads, exogenous quantum logic as a combination of logics, compositional analysis of quantum cryptosystems and security protocols. Acron / Ref Title NECTDiMe / POCTI/ESE/46995/2002 New error correction techniques for digital measurement instruments Funding FCT/POCTI Descript. Nowadays nearly all measurements of every quantity are carried out through digital measuring systems. These are usually composed by one or more sensors, signal conditioning circuits, analog to digital converters (ADCs) and computers or microprocessors, where digital signal processing is performed to extract the relevant information from the ADC output codes. The accuracy of these measurement instruments is strongly dependent on the quality of calibration techniques and signal processing algorithms. When the systematic errors are time 288 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES invariant, they can be characterized during a calibration process and mathematically removed during the measurement procedure. One of the key components in modern measuring systems is the Analog-to-Digital Converter. Their performance has a determinant impact on the performance of digital instruments, and on the quality of the measurement systems. Traditionally, digital instruments are designed by considering ADCs as ideal components affected only by sampling and quantization errors. Unfortunately, actual errors in ADCs transfer function, strongly affect the overall accuracy and bandwidth of the systems where they are included. To implement powerful calibration techniques the behavior of ADCs has to be well described. Dynamic characterization of ADCs is usually performed by the code density histogram, DFT or sinefitting tests, in which the participants in this project have ample knowledge and internationally published work. In this project, we propose to apply our experience on ADC testing and use signal processing techniques to built high accuracy digital measurement systems. We will demonstrate these techniques by implementing an impedance meter and by performing error correction in the results of an electrocardiograph. Simultaneously high frequency ADC testing techniques will be improved. The impedance measurement system will be based on the use of ADCs included in general-purpose digitizers and sine-fitting techniques. The system will perform from DC to tens of MHz. Calibration techniques will remove the influence of systematic errors. They will be based on a complete characterization of the digitizing channels and implementation of the corresponding error correction. The unavoidable influence of noise in any experimental setup will be reduced by the use of sine-fitting techniques. This will allow the construction of high accuracy, but not expensive instruments. Preliminary results already obtained by using a medium cost 12 bit PC data acquisition boards show that the technique is very powerful and can lead to measurement accuracy 289 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES comparable with that obtained by sophisticated very high cost dedicated impedance measurement equipment. The first results for impedances with magnitudes and phases near 300ohm and 45º shown standard deviations close to 0.01ohm and 0.01º. Similar techniques will be used to remove the power-line interference in electrocardiogram results. Sine-fitting or frequency domain techniques (IpDFT) will be used. Acron / Ref Title Powerquality / POSC/EEA-ESE/57708/2004 Fast and accurate power quality measurements using analog to digital converters and digital signal processing techniques Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The objective of this project is: (i) to study and develop new digital signal processing algorithms for power quality analyzers; (ii) to develop the interface to the ADCs with signal conditioning electronic circuitry. All system components will be metrologically characterized with special emphasis on the ADCs. Development and testing of the algorithms will be implemented on PCs. Afterward a analysis will be performed as to their adaptability to fit the limitations of a DSP based portable instrument. Acron / Ref Title EVOLUTION / POSC/EEA/60225/2004 Exploring Evolutionary Computation to Enhance Analog IC Design Automation Methodologies Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The main objective of EVOLUTION project proposal consists of applying evolutionary computation techniques to achieve the 290 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES optimal analog circuit and system design solution. In order to fulfill the main objective two other goals should be accomplished, first, the evolutionary computation features should be used to develop an autonomous mechanism capable of conducting the search for the optimal solution, second, new modeling techniques should be investigated to generate adaptive circuit and system models to both reduce the cost function evaluation and, also, to allow different levels of accuracy, during the optimization process. The achievement of these goals should allow an enhancement on the design cycle automation. The resulting design automation system and the expected improvement in design productivity will be demonstrated for both circuit and system designs. Acron / Ref Title TIM / POSC/EEA-ESE/60397/2004 Magnetic Induction Tomography - Development of the instrumentation and measuring methods for biomedical applications. Funding FCT/POSC Descript. The aim of the project is to assess the use of Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) as a means to measure relevant biomedical information, and specifically to evaluate its applicability in the measurement of impedance plethysmography (change of tissue volumes in the body), cardiac activity through impedance cardiology (ICG) and spatial localization of malignant tumors. To this end our intent is to develop new approaches to the solution of the direct and inverse problems, design a multifrequency and multisensor MIT device, evaluate the optimal excitation pattern, develop new image reconstruction algorithms, evaluate the safety operation constraints regarding the use of a MIT device on living tissue and experimentally assess the viability of the MIT technology for impedance plethysmography, ICG and tumor location. 291 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Acron / Ref Title IMPANA / PTDC/EEA-ELC/72875/2006 Development and implementation of an impedance analyzer based on analog to digital conversion and powerful signal processing algorithms Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The research team’s expertise in test and characterization of analog to digital converters, signal processing algorithms, power quality measurements, development of modern digital instrumentation and impedance measurements will be used in the development and implementation of an inexpensive accurate impedance analyzer to operate in the frequency range from 10 Hz up to 1 MHz. Following the team’s previous work, a instrument prototype including all the system electronics and the software will be built. The device is based on the traditional I-V method coupled with analog to digital conversion and signal processing algorithms to be executed in the prototype digital signal processor. The algorithms to be implemented will determine the parameters of the sine signals that best fit the acquired samples of two channels and thus estimate the unknown impedance parameters. The accuracy of the final instrument will depend on the project progress but basic accuracies of 0.1% for the impedance magnitude and 0.01º for the phase or better are expected. Acron / Ref MATRIX / PTDC/EEA-ENE/67350/2006 Title Electric Drives Based on Matrix Converters Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The main objective of this project is to develop an electric drive, based on matrix converters, with self-diagnostic and fault-tolerant 292 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES capabilities. The drive, which will rely on the use of induction motors and PMSMs, will allow to detect and locate any fault in the matrix converter. After its detection, the control system of the drive will enter in a fault-tolerant operating mode, according to which the control strategy will be modified in order to minimize the consequences of the fault and thus maintaining the system running, although with degraded performance. Besides the detection of faults in the matrix converter, and in the case of the induction motor drive, the integrated diagnostic system should also be able to detect faults in the motor, namely stator and rotor faults, bearing faults and airgap eccentricity. The drive obtained with these new features combines the advantages of the matrix converter with the high reliability granted by the integrated and fault-tolerant diagnostic/control system. Acron / Ref BE_NT_REG / PTDC/EEA-ENE/66859/2006 Title Electronic Ballasts: a new dimming technology Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. To develop new techniques for the regulation of the luminous flux of fluorescent lamps. Acron / Ref CRACK / PTDC/EEA-ELC/67719/2006 Title Flaw Imaging in Metals by Contactless Conductivity Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The measuring principle is based on the phenomenon whereby the impedance of a coil generating a time-varying magnetic field changes in the presence of a conductive material as eddy currents 293 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES are induced in the material. Therefore the idea of a contactless electrical conductivity imaging system (CECIS) is based on a sensor composed of two coils. One of the coils, designated the transmitter coil, is driven by an alternating current and generates an oscillating magnetic field that induces currents inside the object to be tested. These induced currents are related to the conductivity distribution of the body. Another coil, the receiver coil, measures the total magnetic field. One component of the magnetic field is related to the primary imposed currents and the other component is related to the induced eddy currents. As the signal originated from deeper voxel significantly attenuates before it reaches the receiving coil the information gets easily corrupted by measurement noise. By incorporating into the design a real time digital signal processor able to perform advanced signal processing techniques it is possible to increase significantly the range of the sensor. Two solutions are envisaged to accumulate data either by relocating the probe several times using a XY scanning mechanism or by using an array of sensors, i. e., several probes in the vicinity of the object to be tested. The mathematical basis of this methodology is developed in two parts. In the first part, the physics of the induction system is simulated in the forward problem either using a numerical method like the finite element method (FEM) or an artificial intelligent technique (ANN). The simulated system is used to preview the correspondence between first order variations in the secondary magnetic field to conductive perturbations in the conductive body. A set of equations in the discrete form can be formulated: Sx=b, where x is the unknown conductivity perturbation vector, b is the magnetic field measurement vector and S is the sensitivity matrix. The second part of this study is the formulation of the inverse relation of this correspondence in order to reconstruct the conductivity images for a three dimensional sample object: b=S x + y, where y represents unknown measurement noise present in the 294 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES real scenario. Since the signal from a deeper voxel is smaller than surface voxel, measurement noise corrupts more the information from deeper voxels. However, the relation between the magnetic measurements and the conductivity distribution is nonlinear. Thus, one way to estimate the solution is to linearize the forward problem around an initial conductivity distribution and update the conductivity distribution using a suitable algorithm by comparing the calculated fields with the measurements. Several algorithms can be used to minimize the norm of ||S x - b|| when solving for x. These algorithms must be investigated in order to select the one that provides the best performance for the problem to be evaluated. The mathematical relation between the conductivity distribution and the measurements is the backbone of the imaging algorithm. Acron / Ref InADC / PTDC/EEA-ELC/68843/2006 Title InADC-In depth analysis of analog to digital converter methods Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The main goal of this research project is the advancement of the knowledge in the area of analogue to digital converter testing. We propose the pursuit of the following objectives: a) Study of the precision of Independently based Gain and Offset Error; b) Development of a Weighted Least Squares Estimator for gain and offset error estimation; c) Study of the influence of additive noise in the bias of ADC gain and offset error estimation; d) Study of the use of sinusoidal stimulus signals instead of triangular stimulus signal as suggested in the IEEE 295 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 1057-94 standard procedure for ADC random noise estimation; e) Derivation of an exact estimator for ADC random noise estimation; f) Study of the influence of sinusoidal amplitude and offset on the bias and precision of the estimation of the fitted sine wave parameters; g) Derivation of an expression for the minimum number of samples required to achieve a given upper bound on the estimation bias and precision; h) Study of the precision of novel sine-fitting algorithms used in impedance measurement Acron / Ref Title SPEED / PTDC/EEA-ELC/66857/2006 Low Power Ultra-High Speed Analogue-to-Digital Converter for Ultra-Wideband Wireless Communications Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The major goal of this project is to design, integrate in a 90nm CMOS technology and experimentally evaluate a calibration-free 2channel time-interleaved 6-bit 1GS/s CMOS Pipeline ADC with an EE better than 0.2-0.3 pJ per conversion step and at the same time achieving a very low die area. Many novel techniques will be addressed to reach such goal such as, intensive use of passive structures, amplifier sharing, simple amplifier topology and exhaustive circuit optimization. A second aim of the project will be to include, on-chip, an efficient solution for providing built-in selftesting capability. 296 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Acron / Ref GEM – 2 / PTDC/CTE-AST/65925/2006 Title Polarimetry Instrumentation for a Galactic Survey at 2.3-10GHz Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. 2nd Phase of the International Galactic Emission Mapping at Portugal. - test and installation of the 2.3GHz total power radiometer assembled in Brazil (by Marco bersannelli, Deputy-PI of Planck Surveyor sattellite) to complete the 2.3 GHz North Hemisphere survey in S-band - Calibration with cold load/hot load of the C-band correlator; calibration and first-light fo the polarimeter receiver. Overal: production of the first digital complex base-band crosscorrellator using FPGA chips applyed to radioastronomy surveys. Acron / Ref Title ARCOCELL / PTDC/CTM/64127/2006 Specially Designed Materials and Architectures for Organic Photovoltaic Cells Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The overall objective of the project is the development of new conjugated polymers and strategies to optimise the texture/morphology of electron-donor/electron-acceptor systems to prepare organic photovoltaic cells with improved efficiencies. In order to achieve this goal, several approaches are going to be carried out, namely: i) combine donor and acceptor blocks in single chains linked by saturated bridges to create abrupt D/A interfaces and to obtain films with controlled morphologies adequate to favor photovoltaic phenomena in the device structure; 297 the ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES ii) ) use of adequate substituents to modify the donor and acceptor units to optimise their electron affinity or ionisation potential and to control their supramolecular arrangement; iii) synthesis of donor and acceptor crosslinkable polymers to prepare segregated D/A columnar-like domains, at the micro- or submicrometer dimensions, by exploring a new method using the inherent tendency of polymer blends to phase segregation; iv) exploring the use of crosslinkable polymers to fabricate multilayer device structures, in particular tandem cells. The photophysical study of the new materials prepared under the project will also be performed (luminescent properties) in order to establish structure - fundamental properties relevant to the design of optimal structures with photovoltaic effect. Acron / Ref UNIME / PTDC/FIS/72831/2006 Title UNIME-Unimolecular Electronics Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. The project aims at: i) the design and and synthesis of conjugated oligomers to act as molecular wires or molecular rectifiers; ii) address individual molecular wires and rectifiers and measure their current-voltage characteristics; iii) the study of the assembly of these two-terminal devices on specific surfaces. 298 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Acron / Ref Title VIDAS / PTDC/EEA-TEL/75217/2006 VIsible light communications for advanced Driver Assistance Systems Funding FCT/PTDC Descript. systems using white and coloured LEDs commonly used in outdoor traffic lighting scenarios (namely, vehicle and traffic lights). To achieve this target, several research issues must be addressed: - To characterise the outdoor optical communication channel through field measurements, including signal (LEDs) and noise sources. - To develop theoretical models of the outdoor visible-light communication channel (emitter, propagation, receiver and noise sources). - To analyse adequate modulation schemes adjusted for outdoor visible-light communication systems. - To develop a system design for traffic scenarios. - To develop an experimental prototype in order to demonstrate the utilisation of visible light in transmission systems for outdoor applications. Main project results will be presented in targeted scientific conferences and journals and exploited to create synergies with other European partners. Acron / Ref ESPECTRO Title Spectrum Monitorization and Control. Integration of Infrastructures Funding ICP/ANACOM Descript. The purpose of this project is to automate the measuring 299 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES procedures used in the different Monitoring Centers of ANACOM (Portuguese Telecommunications Regulator) to monitor and control the radiofrequency spectrum in Portuguese territory. The automation must allow remote operation, that is to say, to perform tests for instance in Azores from another Center, namely the main one sited in Barcarena. Acron / Ref LAYGEN / IT/LA346/2006 Title Automatic Layout Generation of Mixed-Signal ICs Funding IT/LA Descript. The main goal of the LAYGEN project is to explore and apply new computation paradigms, to the automatic layout generation of high performance analog circuits and systems, aiming at improving the design efficiency by reducing both the design cycle time and the required manpower. In order to achieve the proposed goal, a joined expertise, from project team members on both high performance analog layout design and design automation methodologies, will be considered to coordinate the work and guarantee that a state-ofthe-art solution is produced by combining the design knowledge, e.g., placement and routing techniques, technological constraints, heuristic knowledge, etc., and new computation paradigms, e.g., evolutionary computation techniques to explore the solution search space, soft computing techniques to represent design knowledge and infer additional rules, etc. Acron / Ref DICSAP/WCA / IT/LA/298/2005 Title Automatic Layout Generation of Mixed-Signal ICs Funding IT/LA 300 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Descript. The target of the present project is to develop, implement and characterize two stand-alone prototypes for conductivity monitoring of water mainly in estuary rivers. As multipoint network is of paramount importance in water quality assessment and the sensor plays a very important role in the measurement system, the goal of this work is focused in low-cost effective solutions instead of commercially available conductivity sensors. One of the prototypes is based on a four-electrode conductivity sensor and the other on an inductive conductivity sensor. Acron / Ref PLASTIC / IT/LA/297/2005 Title Fully Patterned all Plastic Integrated Circuits Funding IT/LA Descript. Demonstration of the possibility of fully pattern all components of all polymeric integrated circuits, namely source, drain and gate contacts, dielectric and polymer channel of individual transistors. At the end of the project a fully patterned inverter, on a flexible substrate, will be delivered as a demonstrator. Acron / Ref Title ADCPN / IT/LA/295/2005 Influence of Phase Noise and Jitter in the testing of telecommunication ADCs. Funding IT/LA Descript. Today’s telecommunications are essentially digital because of its advantages in term of speed, versatility and robustness. To implement a digital communication channel is fundamental the use of analog to digital and digital to analog converters. The main goal is to have higher bandwidths necessary, for instance, to have faster computer networks or new services in mobile phones, like video or 301 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES broadband internet. To achieve this, analog to digital converters (ADCs) are constantly being improved and their capacity pushed to the limit. One factor that affects ADC performance is the presence of phase noise in the analog signals being converted, due, for instance, to the use of higher frequency local oscillators, and the presence of jitter in the sampling of the analog signal required to convert it to digital. Both of theses phenomena, which generally can be studied together, affect the behavior of the ADC. In this project we propose to study the influence of phase noise and jitter in the results of ADC testing. It’s influence on those results depends on the test method chosen. Two of the methods we propose to study are the Histogram Method and the DFT Method. The first one is used to determine the ADC transfer function, integral non linearity (INL), differential nonlinearity (DNL), gain error and offset error. The second one, the DFT Method, is used to determine ADC signal to noise and distortion ratio (SINAD), total harmonic distortion (THD), noise and effective number of bits (ENOB). Acron / Ref Title PQM/ADC/DSP / IT/LA/318/2005 Power quality measurements using analog to digital converters and digital signal processing techniques Funding IT/LA Descript. The objective of this project is to study, develop and implement new digital signal processing techniques to be used in power quality measurement instruments based on analog to digital converters and digital signal processors. Digital signal processing algorithms are fundamental as they can produce very accurate results and are a flexible component of instruments which can be upgraded and improved without the need for expensive and time consuming hardware re-designing. There is no single algorithm that can detect the variety of power quality anomalies. Instead, a set of algorithms is need, where each one is responsible for detection of a set of 302 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES disturbances. Acron / Ref Title SMARDO / IT/LA/323/2005 Smart System for Monitoring of Wild Dolphin – Antropogenic Factors Interactions Funding IT/LA Descript. 1. Study, development, implementation and testing of different systems to track dolphins. 2. Development and implementation of a distributed monitoring system for the acquisition and recording of wide-band acoustic signals (up to 200 kHz) associated with both wild dolphins’ community and anthropogenic underwater noise. 3. Evaluation of water parameters that affect dolphins’ behaviour and deployment of units to measure and remotely transmit the values of those parameters using solutions already developed by some of team’s members in the context of FCT project Global Monitoring Based on Smart Sensors for Environment Quality. 4. Design and implementation of advanced techniques to analyse the data acquired by the hydrophones using namely time-frequency and neural networks based techniques in order to filter, compress, fuse, and classify the patterns of the acoustic signals and water quality parameters’ values. 5. Creation of a SMARDO Web site where projects’ results are published and through which team’s obtained experimental data can be accessed by the national and international community. 303 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 4.4.5 Running and Concluded Theses Final Year Projects Supervisor Raúl Martins Raúl Martins Student João Branco da Silva Armando Granate Fernandes Raúl Martins Luís Matos Raúl Martins Paulo Proença e Pedro Ferreira Paul Andrew Crocker Rui Inácia Jorge Manuel Daniel Jorge Correia Pereira Isidro Guilherme Sérgio Cruz Tiago Martins Fernandes Octavian Postolache Eduardo Pinheiro Sérgio Cruz Sérgio Cruz CoSupervisors Jorge Manuel Correia Guilherme, Determinação de REM por análise de miograma ocular 1/ 2007 Processamento de sinal para detecção de fase REM Correcção da Característica de Sensores em Sistemas de Monitorização da Qualidade da Água 1/ 2007 SCORM and E-Leanring Platforms 6/ 2007 6/ 2007 7/ CONVERSOR DC-DC PARA APLICAÇÕES AEROESPACIAIS 2007 Development of new techniques for the evaluation of the stator winding insulation degradation in adjustable speed drives Human Vital Signals Monitoring based on biopotential and bioimpedance measurements Luis Manuel Barros Miguel e João Paulo de Jesus Araújo Pinto Susana Gonçalves Cardoso e Marco Alexandre Neves Ferreira Jorge Manuel Correia Mauro Santos Guilherme Determinação de REM por análise de miograma facial End Date 1/ 2007 Title 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 Self-commissioning of electric 7 / drives 2007 Simulation of an induction 7/ motor drive based on matrix 2007 converters Jorge Manuel Correia Guilherme, Space DC-DC converters 7/ 2007 304 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor CoSupervisors Student Octavian Postolache Matco Crespo António Cardoso Jorge Oliveira Estima Title Water Quality monitoring system based on microcontroller associated with Dolphin Habitat life conditions Diagnostics and Fault Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Emílio António Eduardo de de Carvalho Sousa Saraiva Ferreira Lima Benrós Elevadores Beatriz Borges Tiago Silva João Santos Francisco Alegria Pedro Pedroso Octavian Postolache Jose Santos Nuno Horta Marco Lourenço Flyback Converter for Interface with Photovoltaic Cells Educational Platform for the Teachng of Phase Locked Loops Underwater acoustic sounds monitoring using distributed measuring system - Acoustic module development VIANET III: Sistema Inteligente de Tutoria para Ambiente de E-Learning End Date 7/ 2007 9/ 2007 9/ 2007 10 / 2007 11 / 2007 11 / 2007 3/ 2008 Table 34 – List of Final Year Projects running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area during 2007 MSc Theses Supervisor Student CoSupervisors David Paulo Dinis Magalhães Torres Santos Macário Francisco Alegria Jorge Manuel Correia Guilherme Maria Manuela Areias da Costa Pereira de Sousa José Lopes Artur Jorge de Castro Silva Richard Guise Jorge Manuel Correia Guilherme, Title End Date Utilização de SAW's como sensores e identificadores 5/ 2007 Automatization of the control procedre of a particle acelerator A Reconfigurable A/D Converter for 4G Wireless Systems Análise de Imagens Médicas para o Diagnóstico do Cancro da Mama 6/ 2007 7/ 2007 7/ 2007 305 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor Student CoSupervisors José Miguel Dinis Magalhães da Silva Santos Bergano Hugo Ribeiro Beatriz Borges, Nuno Horta Artur Silva Beatriz Borges Alexandre Neves Nuno Horta Nuno Lourenço Raúl Martins Pedro Silva Girão Rui L. Aguiar Helena Ramos Pedro Ramos Raúl Martins Pedro Ramos Nuno Horta Nuno Horta Pedro Ramos Manuel Ferreira Ismael Everardo Bárcenas Patiño João Silva Branco Nuno Gueiral Bruno Marques Mário Jorge Alves Pedro Rodrigues Miguel António Felizardo da Costa Sérgio Ramalho Marco Carola António Proença Marcio Cabral End Date Instrumentação para Medidas 7 / Polarimétricas em Microondas 2007 António Victor Anunciada António Victor Anunciada João Filipe Quintas dos Santos Rasga Title Jorge Manuel Correia Guilherme, Monitorização de Qualidade de 7 / Energia 2007 Power Quality Disturbances in Telecom Plants Conversores A/D Reconfiguráveis para a 4G de Sistemas de Telecomunicações Low Dropout Capless Voltage regulator for supplying small analogue cores LAYGEN: Gerador de Layout com Recurso a Técnicas de Computação Evolutiva A Proof Theory of Interpolation Teresa Paiva, 7/ 2007 10 / 2007 10 / 2007 11 / 2007 12 / 2007 Acquisition System for 12 / Automatic Sleep Identification 2007 Ensaio de Próteses Utilizando 12 / Sensores Acústicos 2007 Inteligentes Interligação de sistemas IP em 12 / redes SDH 2007 Plataforma Aberta para 12 / Sensores Inteligentes 2007 Satellite attitude determination 1/ with an optical position sensing 2008 detector Superheated Droplet Detectors 2/ Neutron Dosimetry 2008 Instrumentation Conductivity Sensor with 3/ Wireless Transmission 2008 Optimização de Estratégias de Combate a Incêndios Florestais 3 / 2008 utilizando Técnicas de Computação Natural PLASTIC: Projecto de Circuitos 3 / Integrados Orgânicos 2008 Reaction Wheel for Satelite - 3 / SSETI project from ESA 2008 306 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor Luis Nero Alves Rui L. Aguiar Student Milton Cunguara Tiago Campos CoSupervisors José Cura, Luis Nero Alves João Tiago Araujo Raúl Martins Cristiano Tavares Luís Carvalho, Raúl Martins Bruno Gil Teresa Paiva, Nuno Horta António Ribeiro Rui Neves, Beatriz Borges Marco Caracinha Pedro Santos, Beatriz Borges Leandro Alberto Pedro Santos, Nuno Horta Nuno Lopes R. Neves, Nuno Horta Ricardo Gama Rui Neves, Nuno Horta Daniel Machado Nuno Horta Pedro Ferreira Sérgio Cruz Paulo André Henriques Vitorino Nuno Horta Nuno Horta Nuno Horta Jorge Manuel Correia Guilherme, Jorge Manuel Correia Guilherme, Jorge Manuel Carla Duarte Correia Guilherme, Jorge Manuel José Teixeira Correia Guilherme, Márcio Correia End Date 6/ Analog CMOS 130nm 2008 Desenvolvimento de Sistemas 6 / de Media Gateway de Acesso 2008 Impacto do scaling nas 6/ técnicas de desenho de 2008 circuitos digitais em CMOS Pacemaker para indução de 6/ arritmias e fibrilação 2008 auriculares em ratos WSN in polisomnographic 6/ applications 2008 7/ ADC de alta resolução 2008 Capless Voltage Regulator for 7/ Supplying Small Digital Cores 2008 for SOC CMOS technology monolithic 7/ integration of a switched DC2008 DC converter COIN: Computação Inteligente 7/ aplicada à Gestão de Fundos 2008 de Investimento Conversor Analogico Digital de 7/ Baixa Potência de Muito Alta 2008 Velocidade Conversores A/D 7/ Reconfiguráveis para a 4G de 2008 Terminais Móveis - I Conversores A/D 7/ Reconfiguráveis para a 4G de 2008 Terminais Móveis - II Electric drives based on 7/ induction motors, with regeneration capability and low 2008 harmonic pollution EVOLUTION III: Optimização 7/ Inteligente de Circuitos e 2008 Sistemas Integrados LAYGEN II: Geração 7/ Automática de Layouts de 2008 Circuitos Integrados MEEC08: Projecto de Microprocessador 7/ Reconfigurável para fins 2008 Didácticos Title 307 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor Student CoSupervisors Nuno Horta Pedro Sousa Nuno Horta Tiago Costa R. Neves, Jorge Manuel Filipe Pereira Correia Guilherme Moisés Eduardo de Augusto Sousa Saraiva Martins Eunice de Fátima António Cardoso Fragoso Ribeiro André Manuel João André dos Santos Antunes Mendes Caseiro André Manuel Marco dos Santos António Dias Mendes Tibério Ângelo Filipe Beatriz Borges Rolo Monteiro André Manuel Eduardo de Tony dos dos Santos Sousa Saraiva Santos Alves Mendes, Rui Manuel Moisés Simões Beatriz Borges Rodrigues Piedade Machado Raúl Miguel Moisés Simões Beatriz Borges Macedo da Piedade Silva Nuno Miguel Beatriz Borges Nogueira Pedro Santos Dias Carlos Manuel António Cardoso Cordeiro Duarte Francisco Beatriz Borges Nunes Nuno Horta Beatriz Borges Luis Arez Title Modelação Inteligente de Circuitos e Sistemas Integrados Analógicos com Recurso a Sistemas Difusos Moduladores Delta-Sigma optimizados em área e consumo para aplicações de voz e audio Projecto de Emissor/Receptor para a 4G de Terminais Móveis - RF End Date 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 7/ 2008 Balastros electrónicos para lâmpadas fluorescentes 9/ 2008 Fault Diagnosis in Telecommunications Energy Systems 9/ 2008 Performance analysis of the rectifiers with high efficiency 9/ 2008 Regenerative braking in electric railway traction 9/ 2008 Band-gap Reference Voltage with High PSRR and High Efficiency 10 / 2008 Controlo de elevadores 10 / 2008 DC-AC Converter with DSP Based Control. 10 / 2008 Interface Inverter Between Eolic Turbine and AC Mains 10 / 2008 Optimization of voltage VGS in 10 / DC-DC Converters 2008 Maintenance Management and 11 / Organization in Small Power 2008 Substations Flyback resonant topologies - 12 / A comparison 2008 Integrated rectifier and voltage 12 / regulator for visual prothesis 2008 308 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor Beatriz Borges Student CoSupervisors Filipa Figueiredo Title End Date Study of low power resonant converter with half wave syncronous rectification for contactless applications 12 / 2008 Table 35 – List of MSc Theses running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area during 2007 PhD Theses Supervisor Student Joaquim Júdice M. C. Brás Joaquim Júdice J. M. Patrício Manuel Lameiras de Figueiredo Campagnolo Daniel da Silva Graça CoTitle Supervisors Problemas de Programação Matemática com Restrições Lineares de Equilíbrio e Aplicações Algoritmos de Pontos Interiores para ProblemasComplementares Monótonos e suas Aplicações Jorge Buescu Computability with Polynomial Differential Equations Impedance Measurements using António Cruz Analog to Digital Converters and Serra Signal Processing Algorithms Contributions to Characterization Francisco Shahram Shariat Antoni and Design of Data Acquisition Panahi Manuel Systems Aimed for Ocean Alegria Bottom Seismometers (OBS) Manuel Nuno Horta Optimization and Synthesis of Jorge Manuel Fernando Jorge Manuel Analog Circuit and System Using Correia Correia Evolutionary Algorithms Martins de Guilherme Guilherme Techniques Barros Pedro Ramos Mouhaydine Tlemçani Pedro Silva António Cruz Ricardo Filipe de Girão Serra Queirós Beatriz Borges Stanimir Stoyanov Valtchev End Date 2/ 2007 4/ 2007 9/ 2007 10 / 2007 12 / 2007 12 / 2007 High resolution ultrasound measurements 3/ 2008 Series Resonant Converters Applied to Contactless Energy Transfer 3/ 2008 309 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor Student Nuno Horta Manuel Barros Henrique Jorge António Cruz Oliveira Fontes Serra Quaresma Luís Filipe Rui L. Aguiar Mesquita Nero Moreira Alves Miguel Ângelo Rui L. Aguiar Martins Madureira Luis Filipe Luís Alcácer Morgado Carlos Manuel Ricardo João Costa Rodrigues Lourenço Gonçalves Caleiro CoEnd Title Supervisors Date Síntese e Optimização Jorge Manuel Automática de Circuitos e 3/ Correia Sistemas Baseada em Técnicas 2008 Guilherme de Computação Evolutiva Electromagnetic Interference in Etienne Integrated Circuits – Substrate 4 / Sicard Noise Coupling and Isolation 2008 Structures Circuitos Analógicos em Modo de 6/ Corrente com Grande Largura de 2008 Banda Paulo Monteiro Design of wideband integrated optical front-ends 6/ 2008 Injecção e transporte de carga em dispositivos electrónicos 6/ 2008 Algebraizability of Quantum Logics 7/ 2008 Analysis and Numerical Solution 7/ of some Structural Optimization 2008 Problems Joaquim Júdice S. Rosa Francisco Miguel Alves Campos de Sousa Dionísio Colorings of Knots versus Luís Filipe Silva Pedro Lopes Polynomial Invariants Camacho 7/ 2008 High Frequency DC-DC Vitor Manuel da 7/ Pedro Santos Converters for “System–on–a– Silva Costa 2008 Chip (SoC)” Joaquim Localization models in civil 7/ P. Tavares Júdice engineering 2008 Beatriz Raúl Domingos Resonant Switching Technologies 7 / for Mains Converters 2008 Borges Monteiro Beatriz 12 / Hugo Marques Active Power Filters Borges 2008 Nelson Alberto Biosensors for environmental 12 / Manuel Matos Frade da Silva analysis 2008 Joaquim Development and Analysis of Luís A. 12 / Pontes Luís Miguel Silva Entropic Neural Networks for Alexandre 2008 Marques de Classification Sá Fault Diagnosis in Electrical António Drives by the Motor Signature 12 / M'hamed Drif Cardoso 2008 Analysis Beatriz Borges 310 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor Student Artur Lopes Ribeiro Luís Maria Baptista Pina Soares António Cruz Nuno Gonçalo Serra Bandeira Brás Domingos da Rui Fonseca Silva Barbosa António Cardoso Acácio Manuel Raposo Amaral Natália dos Santos Gameiro Gonçalves António Ana Carla Cardoso Vicente Vieira Marina Mendes Eduardo de Sargento Sousa Saraiva Domingues Perdigão António Cardoso Jorge Morgado Ana Luísa Mendonça Pedro Silva Girão Vítor Viegas Raúl Martins Luís Maria Baptista Pina Soares Dinis Rui Miguel Magalhães Afonso Gomes Santos da Fonseca Maria Manuela Pawel Areias da Costa Pereira Andruszkiewicz de Sousa Abel João Gomes Adriano Nunes Raposo Beatriz Borges Hugo Ribeiro CoEnd Title Supervisors Date Instrumentação para a aquisição de imagens tomográficas por 12 / 2008 indução magnética Magnetic Induction Tomography 12 / 2008 Domingos da Constuction and test of a 1/ Silva radiometer-polarimeter at 5 GHz 2009 Barbosa for astrophysical observations Fault Diagnostics in Digitally Controlled DC-DC Converters, by 7/ the Application of Measurement 2009 Techniques Based on States Estimation Fault Tolerance in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives 7/ 2009 Maintenance Management and 7/ Organization of School Buildings 2009 Técnicas de controlo para balastros electrónicos baseadas 10 / no uso de elementos 2009 controláveis reactivos Plastic Optical Fibers doped with 11 / conjugated polymers showing 2009 gain Design and Implementation of a José Dias 12 / NCAP/XML Platform Based on Pereira IEEE 1451 Standard for 2009 Industrial Fieldbus Applications Instrumentação e processamento de imagem para 12 / 2009 sistemas tomográficos por indução magnética Domingos da Polarized Microwave Galactic 6/ Silva Emission Mapping in the 2010 Barbosa Northern Hemisphere Segmentação de imagem médica 7/ usando contornos activos: aplicação à detecção automática 2010 do cancro Dynamic Geometric Modeling of Plasmidic DNA for Therapeutical 9 / 2010 Purposes Power Factor Correctors 10 / 2010 311 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Supervisor Student CoTitle Supervisors Beatriz Borges Carlos Ferreira Luís Sá Nuno Horta Mauro Santos Jorge Manuel Arquitecturas Reconfiguráveis de 12 / Correia Elevado Desempenho p/ 2010 Guilherme Terminais Móveis da 4G e 5G Switching Audio Amplifiers End Date 10 / 2010 Table 36 – List of PhD Theses running in the Basic Sciences and Enabling Technologies Area during 2007 312 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 4.4.6 Publications Applied Mathematics Papers in Journals Júdice, J. J.; H. Sherali; I. Ribeiro; A. Faustino; " A complementarity activeset algorithm for mathematical programming problems with equilibrium constraints ", Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications , Vol. 134 , No. 1 , pp. 467 - 481 , January , 2007 . Martins, M.; M. Trigo; D. J. Evans; " An iterative method for positive real systems ", International Journal of Comp. Math. , Vol. 84 , No. 11 , pp. 1603 - 1611 , November , 2007 . Pereira, E.; F. Martins; " Block Matrices and Stability Theory ", Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications , Vol. 9 , No. 9 , pp. 9 - 19 ( to appear) , December , 2007 . Pereira, E.; " Classes of Commuting Matrices(E. Pereira, C. Rosa, H. Cruz) ", Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics , Vol. 9 , No. 9 , pp. 9 - 19 (to appear) , December , 2007 . Lourenço, C.; " Dynamical computation reservoir emerging within a biological network ", Neurocomputing , Vol. 70 , No. , pp. 1177 - 1185 , June , 2007 . Pereira, E.; C. Miguel; " Fundamentals for a Block Linear Algebra ", Journal of Applied Algebra and Discrete Structures , Vol. 5(2007) , No. 2 , pp. 71 91 , July , 2007 . Moura, F.M.; R. Schiappa; " Higher-derivative corrected black holes: Perturbative stability and absorption cross-section in heterotic string theory 313 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES ", Classical and Quantum Gravity , Vol. 24 , No. 2 , pp. 361 - 386 , December , 2007 . Júdice, J. J.; H. Sherali; I. Ribeiro; " The eigenvalue complementarity problem ", Computational Optimization and Applications , Vol. 37 , No. 1 , pp. 139 - 156 , January , 2007 . Moura, F.M.; " Type II and heterotic one loop string effective actions in four dimensions ", Journal of High Energy Physics , Vol. 06 , No. - , pp. 052 - 052 , June , 2007 . Barcia, P.; M.N. Bugalho; M.L. Campagnolo; J.O. Cerdeira; " Using Nalkanes to estimate diet composition of herbivores: a novel mathematical approach ", Animal , Vol. 1 , No. , pp. 141 - 149 , June , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Pinho, P.T.; M. D. Domingues; P. Ferreira ; S. Gomes; A. Gomide ; J. R. Pereira; " Adaptive finite difference schemes based on interpolating wavelets for solving 2D Maxwell's equations ", Proc IEEE AP-S/URSI International Symp. , Honolulu , United States , July , 2007 . " Adaptive finite difference schemes based on interpolating wavelets for solving 2D Maxwell's equations ", Proc International Conf. on Communications, Circuits and Systems - ICCCAS , Honolulu , United States , July , 2007 . Graça, D.; J. Buescu; M.L. Campagnolo; " Boundedness of the domain of definition is undecidable for polynomial ODEs ", Proc Computability and Complexity in Analysis - CCA , Siena , Italy , Vol. none , pp. 127 - 135 , June , 2007 . 314 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Valadão, G. ; J. Dias; " PUMA: Phase Unwrapping via Max Flows ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 609 - 612 , May , 2007 . Hajduczenia, M.; H. J. A. Silva; M.M. Freire Freire; P. Monteiro; " Realtime Hurst parameter estimation based on modified Embedded Branching Process ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Aveiro , Portugal , May , 2007 . Pinho, P.T.; M. D. Domingues; P. Ferreira ; S. Gomes; A. Gomide ; J. R. Pereira; " Resolução das equações de Maxwell usando wavelets interpolatórias e esquemas adaptativos ", Proc Encuentro Ibérico de Electromagnetismo Computacional - EIEC , Barcelona , Spain , Vol. 1 , pp. 1 - 4 , April , 2007 . Impact of Telecommunications on Society Papers in Journals Oliveira, C.O.; D. Ladeira; D. Sebastião; L. M. Correia; " Electromagnetic Fields Monitoring by the monIT Project ", RadioProtecção , Vol. II , No. 10/11 , pp. 31 - 40 , May , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Ferro, J.M.; L. Borges; F. J. Velez; A. Lebres; " Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks ", Proc International Association of Engineers (IAENG) World Congress on Engineering - WCE , London , United Kingdom , Vol. 2 , pp. 1500 - 1505 , July , 2007 . Oliveira, C.O.; D. Ladeira; D. Sebastião; L. M. Correia; C. A. Fernandes; " Electromagnetic Fields Monitoring by the monIT Project ", Proc Conf. on 315 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 311 - 314 , May , 2007 . Correia, L. M.; " eMobility and eHealth: Next steps ", Proc International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication - ISMICT , Oulu , Finland , December , 2007 . Correia, L. M.; " eMobility: present and future challenges ", Proc ERCIM Workshop on eMobility - ERCIM , Coimbra , Portugal , May , 2007 . Borges, L.; Carvalho; A. Lebres; " Industry Process Management With Wireless Sensors ", Proc Portuguese-Spanish Conference in Electrical Engineering , Funchal , Portugal , July , 2007 . Borges, L.; Carvalho; A. Lebres; " InterNodal Network - An Autoconfigurable Wireless network ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. vol. 1 , pp. 141 - 144 , May , 2007 . Borges, L.; Carvalho; A. Lebres; " Measuring with Wireless Networks ", Proc International Conference on Measurement - MEASUREMENT , Smolenice , Slovakia , Vol. Vol. 1 , pp. 189 - 192 , May , 2007 . Correia, L. M.; " Mobile and Wireless Communications: What’s next? ", Proc CELTIC Event , Berlin , Germany , February , 2007 . Borges, L.; J.M. Ferro; Carvalho; F. J. Velez; A. Lebres; " Rede InterNodal – Implementação e Aplicação prática de Redes de ", Proc Conf. da Engenharia - UBIEngenharias , Covilhã , Portugal , November , 2007 . Oliveira, C.O.; D. Ladeira; D. Sebastião; L. M. Correia; " The monIT Project Electromagnetic Fields Monitoring in Portugal ", Proc EC JRC/EMF-NET 2nd Workshop on EMF risk communication , Stresa , Italy , May , 2007 . 316 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Ferro, J.M.; L. Borges; F. J. Velez; A. Lebres; " Uma Visão das Futuras Aplicações de Redes de Sensores Sem Fios ", Proc Conf. da Engenharia UBIEngenharias , Covilhã , Portugal , November , 2007 . Instrumentation and Measurement Book Chapters Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; " Virtual Instrumentation " Chapter in Advances in Data Modeling for Measurements in the Metrology and Testing Fields , Franco Pavese (INRIM), Alistair Forbes (NPL). Series “Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology” , Springer , Boston , 2007 . Papers in Journals Viegas, V.V.; J. M. Dias Pereira; P.M. Girão; " .NET Framework and Web Services: A Profit Combination to Implement and Enhance the IEEE 1451.1 Standard ", IEEE Trans. on Instrum. and Measurement , Vol. 56 , No. 6 , pp. 2739 - 2747 , December , 2007 . Dias Pereira, J. M.; O. Postolache; P.M. Girão; " A Digitally Programmable A/D Converter for Smart Sensors Applications ", IEEE Trans. on Instrum. and Measurement , Vol. 56 , No. 1 , pp. 158 - 163 , February , 2007 . Radil, T.; J. Fischer; J. Kucera; " Dimension Measurement of Objects With Circular Cross Section Using Point Light Sources and an Image Sensor Without Lens ", IEEE Trans. on Instrum. and Measurement , Vol. 56 , No. 4 , pp. 1403 - 1411 , August , 2007 . Radil, T.; P.M. Ramos; F. M. Janeiro; A.C. Serra; " DSP Based Power Quality Analyzer for Detection and Classification of Disturbances in a Single-phase Power System ", Metrology and Measurement Systems , Vol. XIV , No. 4 , pp. 483 - 494 , December , 2007 . 317 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; H. G. Ramos; " Multibeam Optical System and Neural Processing for Turbidity Measurement ", IEEE Sensors Journal , Vol. 7 , No. 5 , pp. 677 - 684 , May , 2007 . Ramos, P.M.; A.C. Serra; " Multiharmonic signal and waveform fitting algorithm for impedance measurements ", Transactions on Systems, Signals and Devices , Vol. 2 , No. 4 , pp. 391 - 407 , September , 2007 . Giuliani, F.; T. Morlat; A. Ramos; T. Girard; MFC Costa; J. Marques; RCM Martins; HSM Miley; DL Limagne; GW Waysand; " SIMPLE-icity in Direct Dark Matter Searches ", Nuclear Physics B , Vol. 1 , No. 173 , pp. 129 - 132 , November , 2007 . Alegria, ; A.C. Serra; " Standard Histogram Test Precision of ADC Gain and Offset Error Estimation ", IEEE Trans. on Instrum. and Measurement , Vol. 56 , No. 5 , pp. 1527 - 1531 , October , 2007 . Dias Pereira, J. M.; O. Postolache; P.M. Girão; " Wavelet Techniques: A Suitable Tool to Characterise and Optimize Encoders’ Based Systems ", Measurement , Vol. 40 , No. 3 , pp. 264 - 271 , April , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Brás, N.B.; A. L. Ribeiro; RCM Martins; A.C. Serra; " A 3D Magnetic Induction Tomography Numerical Forward Problem Solver Based on Finite Differences ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 247 - 250 , May , 2007 . Brás, N.B.; RCM Martins; A.C. Serra; " A CLOSED LOOP CARRIER CANCELLATION METHOD FOR THE RECEIVING CIRCUIT OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION TOMOGRAPHY (MIT) ", Proc International Conference on Electromagnetic Near-Field Characterization and Imaging - ICONIC ICONIC , St. Louis , United States , Vol. 1 , pp. 752 - 757 , June , 2007 . 318 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Postolache, O.; E Pinheiro; J. M. Dias Pereira; " A Practical Approach Concerning Detection Heart Based Rate on Variability Virtual Measurement Instrumentation ", and Proc Arrhythmia Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. I , pp. 112 115 , May , 2007 . Postolache, O.; H. G. Ramos; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; " A Practical Approach on Water Quality Monitoring Based on Distributed Measurement System and Intelligent Signal Processing ", Proc UPC Workshop Internacial sobre Tecnologia Marina - 28) MARTECH 2007 , Vilanova i la Geltru , Spain , Vol. I , pp. 1 - 5 , November , 2007 . Rebelo, S. Morgadinho; R.F.S. Caldeirinha; " A Radio Channel Sounder Remote Access Computational Framework ", Proc Conf. da Engenharia UBIEngenharias , Covilhã , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 1 - 1 , November , 2007 . Dias Pereira, J. M.; O. Postolache; P.M. Girão; " A Smart and Portable Solution for Heavy Metals Concentration Measurements ", Proc IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf. , Warsow , Poland , Vol. CD , pp. 100 - 105 , May , 2007 . Dias Pereira, J. M.; O. Postolache; V.V. Viegas; P.M. Girão; " Advantages of PWM-A/D Conversion Techniques in Smart Sensing Applications ", Proc Conf. on Electronic Measurement & Instruments - ICEMI , Xi'An , China , Vol. 1 , pp. 5 - 10 , August , 2007 . Janeiro, F. M.; P.M. Ramos; " Application of Genetic Algorithms in Parameter Estimation of Periodic Signals ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 217 220 , May , 2007 . Tavares, J.; F. J. Velez; J.M. Ferro; " Application of Wireless Sensor Networks to the Automobile ", Proc International Conference on 319 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Measurement - MEASUREMENT , Smolenice , Slovakia , Vol. 1 , pp. 283 287 , May , 2007 . Janeiro, F. M.; F. Wagner; P.M. Ramos; A. M. Silva; " Atmospheric Visibility Measurements Based on a Low-Cost Digital Camera ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 213 - 216 , May , 2007 . Janeiro, F. M.; F. Wagner; P.M. Ramos; A. M. Silva; " Automated Atmospheric Visibibility Measurements using a Digital Camera and Image Registration ", Proc IMEKO TC19 Symp , Iasi , Romania , Vol. 1 , pp. 13 17 , September , 2007 . Matz, V.; T. Radil; P.M. Ramos; A.C. Serra; " Automated Power Quality Monitoring System for On-line Detection and Classification of Disturbances ", Proc IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf. , Warsaw , Poland , Vol. CD-ROM , pp. 7083.1 - 7083.6 , May , 2007 . Sousa, R.; A. Pires; A. Rocha; " Detector Digital Para Balizas de Satélite: Desenvolvimentos Recentes ", Proc URSI General Assembly , La Laguna , Spain , Vol. on CD , September , 2007 . Sousa, L.; Alegria; J. Germano; " Developing and integrating lab projects as important learning components in an embedded systems course ", Proc International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education , San Diego , United States , April , 2007 . Radil, T.; V. Matz; P.M. Ramos; F. M. Janeiro; A.C. Serra; " Development of a real-time Power quality monitoring Instrument for Detection and Classification of Disturbances in a Single-phase Power System ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 267 - 270 , May , 2007 . 320 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Radil, T.; F. M. Janeiro; P.M. Ramos; " Development of a Single-Phase DSP based Power Quality Analyzer using New Signal Processing Algorithms for Detection and Classification ", Proc International Conf. on Renewable Energies and Power Quality - ICREPQ , Sevilla , Spain , Vol. CD-ROM , pp. 367.1 - 367.6 , March , 2007 . Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; " Distributed Passive Sonar System for Performance Evaluation of Low Depth ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. I , pp. 251 254 , May , 2007 . Ramos, P.M.; T. Radil; F. M. Janeiro; A.C. Serra; " DSP based power quality analyzer using new signal processing algorithms for detection and classification of disturbances in a single-phase power system ", Proc IMEKO TC4 Symp. , Iasi , Romania , Vol. II , pp. 433 - 438 , September , 2007 . Sousa, R.; A. Pires; A. Rocha; " DSP Based Software/Digtal PLL Detector For Satellite Beacon Receivers ", Proc International Symp. on Signal Processing and its Applications - ISSPA , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates , February , 2007 . Rocha, A.; A. Pires; R. Martins; R. Sousa; " Dual Polarization Digital Satellite Beacon Detector for Propagation Experiments ", Proc Ka and Broadband Communications Conf. , Turin , Italy , Vol. 1 , pp. 189 - 194 , September , 2007 . Crespo, M.; A. Aleluia; O. Postolache; " Environmental Assessment of Dolphin’ Sado Estuary based on Multi-Parametric Probe, Hydrophone Array and Global Positioning System ", Proc UPC Workshop Internacial sobre Tecnologia Marina - 28) MARTECH 2007 , Vilanova i la Geltru , Spain , Vol. I , pp. CD - CD , November , 2007 . 321 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Janeiro, F. M.; P.M. Ramos; " Estimation of Sinewave Parameters using Genetic Algorithms ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Signals, Systems, Devices - SSD , Hammamet , Tunisia , Vol. IV, SCI-4028 , pp. 1 - 4 , March , 2007 . Ramos, P.M.; F. M. Janeiro; M. Tlemçani ; A.C. Serra; " Implementation of a DSP based impedance measurement instrument using ellipse fitting algorithms ", Proc IMEKO TC4 Symp. , Iasi , Romania , Vol. II , pp. 492 497 , September , 2007 . Ramos, P.M.; F. M. Janeiro; " Implementation Of DSP based algorithms for impedance measurements ", Proc IEEE IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication - ICSPC , Dubai , United Arab Emirates , Vol. 1 , pp. 816 - 819 , November , 2007 . Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; " Intelligent Distributed Virtual System for Underwater Acoustic Source Localization and Sounds Classification ", Proc International Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems , Dortmund , Germany , Vol. I , pp. 132 - 135 , September , 2007 . Rodrigues, P.; " Managing Space Student Projects: Lessons Learned in the SSETI-ESEO Project ", Proc International Astronautical Federation International Astronautical Congress 2007 - IAC07 , Hyderabad , India , Vol. DVD , pp. 1 - 6 , September , 2007 . Janeiro, F. M.; P.M. Ramos; " Multiharmonic Waveform Fitting of Periodic Signals using Genetic Algorithms ", Proc IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf. , Warsaw , Poland , Vol. CD-ROM , pp. 1 - 6 , May , 2007 . Postolache, O.; G. Postolache; P.M. Girão; " New Approach on Cardiac Autonomic Control Estimation Based on BCG Processing ", Proc IEEE 322 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Canadian Conf. on Electrical & Computer , Vancouver , Canada , Vol. I , pp. 165 - 169 , April , 2007 . Postolache, O.; G. Postolache; P.M. Girão; " New Device for Assessment of Autonomous Nervous System Functioning in Psychophysiology ", Proc IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and , Warsaw , Poland , Vol. I , pp. 95 - 99 , May , 2007 . Radil, T.; V. Matz; F. M. Janeiro; P.M. Ramos; A.C. Serra; " On-line Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances in a Singlephase Power System ", Proc International Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives - POWERENG , Setúbal , Portugal , Vol. CDROM , pp. 713 - 718 , April , 2007 . Postolache, O.; J. M. Dias Pereira; P.M. Girão; " Optical Fiber Based Turbidity Sensing System ", Proc IMEKO TC19 Symp , Iasi , Romania , Vol. I , pp. 47 - 52 , September , 2007 . Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; " Optical Fibre Based Turbidity Sensing System ", Proc IMEKO TC4 Symp. , Iasi , Romania , Vol. II , pp. 71 - 75 , September , 2007 . Radil, T.; F. M. Janeiro; P.M. Ramos; A.C. Serra; " Power Quality Monitoring in a Single-phase Power System ", Proc IEEE International Conf. on Signals, Systems, Devices - SSD , Hammamet , Tunisia , Vol. CD-ROM , pp. 1 - 4 , March , 2007 . Alegria, ; " Proposal for High Accuracy Linearity Test of Triangular Waveform Generators ", Proc IEEE AFRICON Conference in Africa , Wondhoek , Namibia , September , 2007 . Dias Pereira, J. M.; " Study on Information Fusion based on Wavelet Neural Network and Evidence Theory in Fault Diagnosis ", Proc Conf. on 323 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Electronic Measurement & Instruments - ICEMI , Xi'An , China , Vol. 3 , pp. 522 - 526 , August , 2007 . Shariat-Panahi, S.; Alegria; A. Manuel; A.C. Serra; " Time Base Error Characterization of a Data Recorder Aimed for Marine Seismology ", Proc IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf. , Warsow , Poland , May , 2007 . Queirós, R.; V. Matz; P.M. Girão; A.C. Serra; " Ultrasonic Thickness Estimation using Cross-Correlation and Phase-Shift ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Alegria, ; A.C. Serra; " Uncertainry Analysis of the ADC Histogram Test Using Triangular Stimulus Signals ", Proc Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing , Iasi , Romania , September , 2007 . Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; " Underwater Acoustic Source Localization Based on Passive Sonar and Intelligent Processing ", Proc IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf. , Warsav , Poland , Vol. I , pp. 175 - 179 , May , 2007 . Postolache, O.; H. G. Ramos; " Virtual Instrumentation and Reconfigurable Technology on Water Quality Sensor Calibration System ", Proc International Workshop on Marine Technology , Vilanova i la Geltru , Spain , Vol. I , pp. CD - CD , November , 2007 . Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; G. Postolache; J. M. Dias Pereira; " Vital Signs Monitoring System Based on EMFi Sensors and Wavelet Analysis ", Proc IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf. , Warsaw , Poland , Vol. I , pp. 3 - 7 , May , 2007 . Dias Pereira, J. M.; O. Postolache; P.M. Girão; " Voltammetry based Automated Instrument for In-Situ and Online Measurement of Heavy 324 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Metals Concentration in Water ", Proc IMEKO TC4 Symp. , Iasi , Romania , Vol. 1 , pp. 85 - 90 , September , 2007 . Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; J. M. Dias Pereira; " Wireless Embedded Air Multi-Parameter Measuring System ", Proc IMEKO TC19 Symp , Iasi , Romania , Vol. II , pp. 41 - 46 , September , 2007 . Integrated Circuits and Systems Papers in Journals Alves, L.; R. L. Aguiar; " A Time-Delay Technique to Improve GBW on Feedback Amplifiers ", International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications - Wiley , Vol. 0 , No. 0 , pp. 0 - 0 , January , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Guilherme, J.G.; " An Evolutionary Optimization Kernel using a Dynamic GA-SVM Model applied to Analog IC Design ", Proc European Conf. on Circuit Theory and Design , Seville , Spain , Vol. 1 , pp. 33 - 35 , August , 2007 . Horta, N.H.; M.B. Barros ; J.G. Guilherme; " An Evolutionary Optimization Kernel Using a Dynamic GA-SVM Model Applied to Analog IC Design ", Proc European Conf. on Circuit Theory and Design ,Spain , August , 2007 . Guilherme, J.G.; " Design of a Multimode Reconfigurable Sigma-Delta Converter for 4G Wireless Receivers ", Proc European Conf. on Circuit Theory and Design , Seville , Spain , Vol. 1 , pp. 132 - 135 , August , 2007 . Horta, N.H.; A. Silva; J.G. Guilherme; " Design of a Multimode Reconfigurable Sigma-Delta Converter for 4G Wireless Receivers ", Proc European Conf. on Circuit Theory and Design , , Spain , Vol. , pp. - , August , 2007 . 325 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Guilherme, J.G.; " Designing Reconfigurable Multi-Standard Analog Baseband Front-End for 4G Mobile Terminals: System Level Design ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 117 - 120 , May , 2007 . Horta, N.H.; A. Silva; J.G. Guilherme; " Designing Reconfigurable MultiStandard Analog Baseband Front-End for 4G Mobile Terminals: System Level Design ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , March , 2007 . Horta, N.H.; M.B. Barros ; J.G. Guilherme; " GA-SVM Feasibility Model and Optimization Kernel applied to Analog IC Design Automation ", Proc ACM Great Lakes VLSI - GLSVLSI) , , Italy , March , 2007 . Gomes, M.; G. Falcão Fernandes ; V. Silva; A. S. Sengo; V. F. Ferreira; Falcão; " High Throughput Encoder Architecture for DVB-S2 LDPC-IRA Codes ", Proc IEEE International Conference on Microelectronics - ICM , Cairo , Egypt , December , 2007 . Horta, N.H.; N. Lourenço; " LAYGEN – Automatic Analog ICs Layout Generator ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , March , 2007 . Quaresma, HJQ; A.C. Serra; " Substrate Noise Analysis for Integrated Circuits Design ", Proc IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf. , Warsaw , Poland , May , 2007 . Guilherme, J.G.; " Switch Mode Power Supply Design Constraints for Space Applications ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , Vol. 1 , pp. 157 - 160 , May , 2007 . 326 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Logic an Computation Book Chapters Caleiro, C.; J. Ramos; " Combining Classical and Intuitionistic implications " Chapter in Frontiers of Combining Systems ( FroCoS2007), volume 4720 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence , B. Konev and F. Wolter , Springer , Liverpool , 2007 . Lourenço, C.; " How can natural brains help us compute? " - Chapter in Computation and Logic in the Real World, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche "Roberto Magari", pages 257-262 , S.B. Cooper, B. Löwe, and A. Sorbi , Universita di Siena , , 2007 . Carnielli , W.; M. Coniglio; J. Marcos; " Logics of formal inconsistency " Chapter in Handbook of Philosophical Logic, volume 14 , D. Gabbay and F. Guenthner , Kluwer Academic , , 2007 . Caleiro, C.; R. Gonçalves; " On the algebraization of many-sorted logics " Chapter in Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques - Selected Papers, volume 4409 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 21-36 , J. Fiadeiro and P.-Y. Schobbens , Springer , , 2007 . Sernadas, A. S.; P. Mateus; Y. Omar; " Quantum computation and information " - Chapter in A portrait of state-of-the-Art Research at the Technical University of Lisbon, pages 46-65 , M.S. Pereira , Springer , , 2007 Campagnolo, M.L.; K. Ojakian; " Using Approximation to Relate Computational Classes over the Reals " - Chapter in Proceedings of MCU'07 volume 4664 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science , J. Durand-Lose and M. Margenstern , Springer , , 2007 . 327 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Papers in Journals Cederquist, J.; R. C. Corin; ; ; ; ; " Audit-based compliance control ", International Journal of Information Security , Vol. 6 , No. 2 , pp. 133 - 151 , March , 2007 . Baltazar, P.; P. Mateus; R. Nagarajan; N. Papanikolaou; " Exogenous probabilistic computation tree logic ", Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science , Vol. 190 , No. 3 , pp. 95 - 110 , January , 2007 Caleiro, C.; J. Ramos; " From fibring to cryptofibring: a solution to the collapsing problem ", Logica Universalis , Vol. 1 , No. 1 , pp. 71 - 92 , January , 2007 . Bournez, O.; M.L. Campagnolo; D. Graça; E. Hainry; " Polynomial differential equations compute all real computable functions on computable compact intervals ", Journal of Complexity , Vol. 23 , No. , pp. 317 - 335 , March , 2007 . Rasga, J.; " Sufficient conditions for cut elimination with complexity analysis ", Annals of Pure and Applied Logic , Vol. 149 , No. 1-3 , pp. 81 - 99 , November , 2007 . Campagnolo, M.L.; K. Ojakian; " The methods of approximation and lifting in real computation ", Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science , Vol. 167 , January , 2007 . Matos, A.; G. Boudol; I. Castellani; " Typing Noninterference for Reactive Programs ", The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming , Vol. 72 , No. 2 , pp. 124 - 156 , July , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Lanese, I.; V. Vasconcelos; F. Martins; A.R. Ravara; " Disciplining orchestration and conversation in service-oriented computing ", Proc 328 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods IEEE , London , United Kingdom , September , 2007 . J. Cederquist; ; ; " Extended Privilege Inheritance in RBAC ", Proc ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security ASIACCS , . , Singapore , March , 2007 . Moura, P.M.; P. Crocker; " Multi-threading programming in Logtalk ", Proc Association for Logic Programming International Colloquium on Implementation of Constraint and Logic Programming Systems - CICLOPS , Porto , Portugal , September , 2007 . Lourenço, C.; " Structure reservoir computing with spatiotemporal chaotic attractors ", Proc European Symp. on Artificial Neural Networks - ESANN , Bruges , Belgium , January , 2007 . Baltazar, P.; R. Chadha; P. Mateus; A. S. Sernadas; " Towards modelchecking quantum security protocols ", Proc Workshop on Quantum Security - QSEC , Guadeloupe , French Polynesia , January , 2007 . Mateus, P.; F.M. Moura; J. Rasga; " Transferring proofs of zero-knowledge systems with quantum ", Proc Workshop on Quantum Security - QSEC , Guadeloupe , France , January , 2007 . Power Electronics and Power Systems Papers in Journals Álvarez, J.; M. Perdigão; Marco A. Dalla Costa Costa; E. S. Saraiva; " Reguladores magnéticos en el control de balastos electronicos Empleo de inductancia variable ", Mundo Electrónico , Vol. 386 , No. 386 , pp. 62 - 72 , May , 2007 . 329 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Aguiar, P.; " Smart Power Integrated Circuit Targeted at Educational Purposes ", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics , January , 2007. Mendes, A. M. S.; X. Fernández; A. J. M. Cardoso; " Thermal Behaviour of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Fed by a Fault Tolerant Voltage Source Inverter ", IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications , Vol. 43 , No. 3 , pp. 724 730 , May , 2007 . Papers in Conference Proceedings Marques, H.S.; A. Anunciada; " A pioneering, reference free, APF control strategy applied to an ultra-low DC-bus voltage topology ", Proc Power Conversion Intelligent Motion - PCIM , Nurnberg , Germany , Vol. I-2007 , pp. 1 - 6 , May , 2007 . Ferreira, C. A. F.; H. Ribeiro; P. Matos; " DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER TRAIN ", Proc International Conf. on Electrical Engineering , Coimbra , Portugal , November , 2007 . Cruz, S. M. A. ; A. J. M. Cardoso; " Diagnosis of rotor faults in direct and indirect FOC induction motor drives ", Proc European Conf. on Power Electronics and Applications , Aalborg , Denmark , Vol. CD-Rom , pp. 1 10 , September , 2007 . Ferreira, C. A. F.; P. Matos; H. Ribeiro; " Electric Mini - Challenges and Solutions for the Electric Power Train ", Proc International Conf. on Renewable Energies and Power Quality - ICREPQ , Sevilla , Spain , March , 2007 . Ferreira, C. A. F.; H. Ribeiro; P. Matos; " Electric Vehicle - Power Converters Dimensioning and Control Strategies ", Proc International Conf. on Renewable Energies and Power Quality - ICREPQ , Sevilla , Spain , March , 2007 . 330 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Cruz, S. M. A. ; A. J. M. Cardoso; " Fault Indicators for the Diagnosis of Rotor Faults in FOC Induction Motor Drives ", Proc IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conf. , Antalya , Turkey , Vol. CD-Rom , pp. 1136 - 1141 , May , 2007 . Buiatti, G. M. Buiatti; S. M. A. Cruz; A. J. M. Cardoso; " Lifetime of Film Capacitors in Single-Phase Regenerative Induction Motor Drives ", Proc IEEE International Symp. on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Drives , Cracow , Poland , Vol. CD-Rom , pp. 356 - 362 , September , 2007 . Ferreira, C. A. F.; A. Anunciada; " Low Distortion Switching Audio Amplifier using One Cycle Control and Notch Low Pass Filter ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele , Peniche , Portugal , May , 2007 . Anunciada, A.; B. Borges; H.S. Marques; " Optimizing the Transient Behavior and Frequency Response of Constant Frequency One Cycle Control: The Charge Control Modulator ", Proc IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf. - PESC , Orlando , United States , Vol. 2/07 , pp. 2647 2651 , June , 2007 . Cruz, S. M. A. ; F. Blazquez Blazquez; A. J. M. Cardoso; C. Vengazones; " Preliminary study on the diagnosis of rotor faults in brushless doublyfed induction machines ", Proc International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management - COMADEM , Faro , Portugal , Vol. CD-Rom , pp. 487 - 493 , June , 2007 . Cruz, S. M. A. ; A. J. M. Cardoso; " Strategies for the diagnosis of rotor faults in vector-controlled induction motor drives ", Proc International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management - COMADEM , Faro , Portugal , Vol. CD-Rom , pp. 607 - 615 , June , 2007 . 331 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Technology and Materials Books Alcácer, L.; Introdução à Química Quântica Computacional , , IST Press , Lisboa , 2007 . Papers in Journals Fazendeiro, P.; J. Oliveira ; W. Pedrycz; " A Multi-Objective Design of a Patient and Anaesthetist-Friendly Neuromuscular Blockade Controller ", IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 54, No. 9, pp. 1667 - 1678, September, 2007 . Paolo, R.; J. Melo; J. Pina; H. Burrows; J. Morgado; A. Maçanita; " Conformational relaxation of p-phenylenevinylene trimers in solution studied by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence ", ChemPhysChem, Vol. 8, No. 18, pp. 2657 - 2664, December, 2007. Fernandes, M.; V. Bermudez; R. A. Sá Ferreira; Carlos; A.C. Charas; J. Morgado; M. Silva; M. Smith; " Highly photostable luminescent poly(ecaprolactone)siloxane biohybrids doped with europium complexes ", Chem. Mater, Vol. 19, No. 16, pp. 3892 - 3901, August, 2007. Bernardo , G.; A.C. Charas; L. Alcácer; J. Morgado; " Improving polymer light-emitting diodes efficiency using interlayers based on cross-linkable polymers ", Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 91, No. 6, pp. 063509-1 - 063509-3, August, 2007. Morgado, J.; L. Alcácer; M.A. Esteves; N. Pires; B.G. Gigante; " New stylbene-based arylamines with dehydroabietic acid methyl ester moieties for organic light-emitting diodes ", Thin Solid Films, Vol. 515, No. 19, pp. 7697 - 7700, July, 2007. 332 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Fratiloiu, S.F.; S. Fonseca; F. Gozema; H. Burrows; M. Costa; A.C. Charas; J. Morgado; L. Siebbeles; " Opto-electronic properties of fluorene-based derivatives as precursors for light-emitting diodes ", Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, No. 15, pp. 5812 - 5820, April, 2007. Morgado, J.; L. Alcácer; A.C. Charas; " Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-based lightemitting diodes with pure b-phase emission ", Appl. Phys. Letters, Vol. 90, No. 20, pp. 201110-1 - 201110-3, May, 2007. Morgado, J.; M. Fernandes; A.C. Charas; V. Bermudez; L. Alcácer; " Role of energy transfer and charge trapping on the luminescence properties of europium complexes/luminescent polymers composites ", Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. S271 - S275, October, 2007. Papers in Conference Proceedings Charas, A.C.; J. Morgado; C. L. Lucas; P. Brogueira; L. Alcácer; " A New Material for n-type Organic Field-Effect Transistors ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, Vol., pp. 271 - 274, May , 2007. Sousa, M.; M.M. Freire Freire; " Advanced Querying Architecture for DICOM Systems ", Proc International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, Cap Esterel, France, Vol. 1, pp. 1 - 6, August, 2007 . Horta, N.H.; A.C. Charas; J. Morgado; " PLASTIC: Automatic Characterization and Modeling of Organic Transistors for IC Design and Simulation ", Proc Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Peniche, Portugal, March, 2007 . 333 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 4.4.7 Other Achievements Prototypes Ferreira, C. A. F.; " 600W Direct Conversion High Power Factor Switched Power Amplifier ", October, 2007. Marques, H.S.; " Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter ", July, 2007. Patents Girão, P.M.; O. Postolache; G. Postolache; " Instrumento portátil móvel para medição dos parâmetros de homeostasia em seres humanos ", PT103683, March, 2007. Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; G. Postolache; " Mobile Instrument for human homeostasis parameters measurement ", PT103683, March, 2007. Girão, P.M.; Alegria; " Sistema de identificação automática de matrículas de veículos a partir de imagens vídeo ", PT103680, March, 2007. Miscellaneous Falcão, A.; 01-10-2007. Teixeira, A.; " MSc Thesis Jury ", Complexidade de Comunicação. Relação com o tamanho dos rectângulos e com a complexidade das instâncias ", 01-10-2007. Charas, A.C.; " Invited Talks ", Development of Crosslinkable Polyfluorenes for Organic Electronics ", 8th Conference of PhysicalChemistry of the Portuguese Chemical Society, 01-06-2007. 334 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Postolache, O.; P.M. Girão; " Invited Talks ", Smart System for Biological Parameters Monitoring Based on NI Technology ", NI Days2007, 01-042007. 4.4.8 Other Contributions Conference Committees Conf. on Telecommunications - ConfTele, Organizing Committee, Beatriz Borges, 01-01-2007. IEEE International Engineering Management Conference - IEMC Europe, Organizing Committee, Beatriz Borges, 01-01-2007. WSEAS International Conf. on Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Scientific Committee, Maria Celeste Gouveia, 01-01-2007. Encuentro Ibérico de Electromagnetismo Computacional - EIEC , Technical Programme Committee, António Topa, 01-01-2007. On The Move Federated Conferences - OTM, Organizing Committee, Paulo André Pais Fazendeiro, 01-01-2007. 1st IMEKO TC19 Symposium, Technical Programme Chairman, Pedro Silva Girão, 11-09-2007. 3as Jornadas sobre Sistemas Reconfiguráveis, Scientific Committee, Helena Ramos, 08-02-2007. 6th Conference on Telecommunications, Technical Programme Committee, Pedro Silva Girão, 11-05-2007. AFRICON 2007, Technical Programme Committee, Artur Lopes Ribeiro, 2609-2007. Design Automation and Test in Europe, DATE 2007, Technical Programme Committee, Nuno Horta, 10-03-2007. Encontro Nacional sobre Instrumentação Científica e Metrologia Aplicadas à Engenharia Civil , Scientific Committee, Pedro Silva Girão, 15-11-2007. First International Symposium on Environmental Testing Engineering (ETE’ 2007), Technical Programme Committee, Pedro Silva Girão, 15-11-2007. 335 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 – BASIC SCIENCES & ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Fourth International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD'07), Technical Programme Committee, Pedro Silva Girão, 19-03-2007. IMEKO TC-4, 15th International Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation, Technical Programme Chairman, António Cruz Serra, 18-09-2007. Joint EUROPT-OMS Meeting, Scientific Committee, Joaquim Júdice, 01-072007. Nonconvex Programming, Local and Global Approaches: Theory, Algorithms and Applications, Scientific Committee, Joaquim Júdice, 01-12-2007. Optimization 2007, Scientific Committee, Joaquim Júdice, 01-07-2007. ORP3 2007 - OR Peripatetic Post-Graduate Programme, Scientific Associadas, Scientific Committee, Joaquim Júdice, 01-09-2007. XATA2007 — XML: Aplicações e Tecnologias Committee, Nuno Horta, 10-02-2007. Sensors & Transducers Journal, ISSN 1726-5479, Pedro Silva Girão, Member Editorial Board, 01-07-2007 to. Measurement, Elsevier, Pedro Silva Girão, 01-11-2006 to. Transactions on Systems, Signals and Devices, Shaker-Verlag, Pedro Silva Girão, Editorial Board, 01-01-2006 to. Editorial Committees Measurement , Elsevier, António Cruz Serra, Member of the Editorial Board, 01-01-2007 to 01-01-2010. Química (Bulletin of the Portuguese Chemical Society) , Portuguese Chemical Society, Jorge Morgado, Editor, 01-01-2007 to 01-12-2009. Sensors & Transducers Journal, ISSN 1726-5479, Pedro Silva Girão, Member Editorial Board, 01-07-2007 to. 336
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