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Brasil e a Tecnologia Espacial
Luiz Alberto
Vieira Dias
*
Resumo. Neste trabalho éfeita inicialmente uma breve avaliação estratégica da situação atual dos
países desenvolvidos e do Brasil no cenário mundial. com respeito às instâncias de poder (político.
econômico. psicossocial, militar e científico-tecnológico). Em seguida é mostrado como a pesquisa
espacial ajudou o país a melhorar sua instância científico-tecnológica nos últimos 30 anos, A
seguir são apresentados três cenários (otimista, neutro e pessimista) para as atividades espaciais
no país para os próximos dez anos, na perspectiva do autor; e, finalmente. é sugerido um possível
caminho viável para consolidar e ampliar as posições já conquistadas neste campo.
Palavras-chave:
instância,
casos possíveis
de desenvolvimento,
pesquisa
espacial.
This ar/ide describes the present strategic situation ofthe developed countries and Brazil,
with respect to the instances of power (political, economic, psico-social, military and scie ntifictechnological). Next it is shown how the space research has helped the country to improve its
scientific-technological instance on the last 30 years. Three possible situations, for the next ten
years. are presented (optimist, neutral, pessimist}. according to the author's perspective. Finally it
is suggested a viable path to consolldate and to improve lhe Brarilian hard won positions in space
research.
Abstract.
Key words:
instances,
possible
cases of development,
optimist,
neutral, pessimist,
space rcsearch.
1. INTRODUÇÃO
2. SITUAÇÃO
Em um mundo globalizado, onde a importância
dos países repousa na hierarquização
de seus poderes
Após o término da Guerra Fria, os Estados Unidos da América despontaram como a maior potência militar, econômica e científico-tecnológica
do planeta. Já
político, econômico.
psicossocial,
militar e científicotecnológico,
os países de economia emergente, encontram-se em grande defasagem em relação os países mais
desenvolvidos
em todas as instâncias dos poderes. Para
tentar alterar esta difícil situação, os países emergentes
têm de tomar penosas decisões a fim de maximizar os
parcos recursos existentes. Fatores históricos e erros passados, em geral, produzem uma situação tal que a latitude para mudanças fica ainda mais limitada. Com a obrigação de saldar pesados compromissos
financeiros internacionais, os recursos disponíveis para investir no aumento, por algum dos poderes citados, são praticamente
inexistentes. O resultado
ses mais desenvolvidos
crescer.
é que a diferença
e os emergentes
entre os paínão pára de
DOS PAÍSES DESENVOLVIDOS
no plano político e psicossocial,
vários países, como
Suíça, Suécia e Canadá estão à frente. Nos Estados Unidos, escândalos pipocam em altos escalões e crianças
armadas provocam massacres em escolas, sem falar do
alto consumo de drogas e eriminalidade em geral, levando aquele país a ser "emergente"
nestas instâncias do
poder. Economicamente,
apesar de hcgernônico, os demais países do G-7 e a China mantêm certa proximidade
da hegemonia americana (Almanaque ABRIL, 1(99).
o exemplo da Rússia é interessante, pois, com
uma economia e uma população inferiores às brasileiras,
tem uma projeção internacional
elevada graças ao seu
ainda formidável poder militar e razoável poder cientílico-tecnológico (Almanaque ABRIL, 1999).
No subcontincnte indiano, Índia e Paquistão
* Professor
da UNIVAP.
apre-
sentam razoável poder militar, desproporcional
às suas
economias. A Índia apresenta também bom desenvolvimento na instância científico-tecnológica
(Almanaque
ABRIL, 1999).
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