Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects
Transcrição
Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects
Ecology of Aphidophaga: Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium Ponta Delgada 1-6 September 2002 António O. Soares, Maria A. Ventura, Vasco Garcia & Jean-Louis Hemptinne (Eds) Arquipélago - Life and Marine Sciences Supplement 5 2003 ARQUIPÉLAGO Life and Marine Sciences. Bulletin of the University of the Azores. PUBLISHER University of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422 PT - 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. GUEST EDITORS FOR SUPPLEMENT 5 António O. Soares, Maria A. Ventura, Vasco Garcia & Jean-Louis Hemptinne INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET Abstracts of all papers as well as instructions to authors are available on the Internet at: http://www.horta.uac.pt/editions/arquipelago.html SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE FOR THIS SUPPLEMENT Professor Ivo Hodek Professor Anthony F. G. Dixon Professor Manfred Mackauer Professor Pavel Kindlmann Professor Edward W. Evans Professor Daniel Coderre Professor Jean-Louis Hemptinne Professor Hironori Yasuda EDITORIAL SECRETARIAT Helen Rost Martins, João M. Gonçalves, Rogério R. Ferraz, Horta. Indexed in: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, Current Awareness in Biological Sciences (CABS), Marine Science Content Tables (MSCT), Zoological Record Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects For purpose of citation, this supplement should be cited as follows: A.O. SOARES, M.A. VENTURA, V. GARCIA & J.-L. HEMPTINNE (Eds) 2003. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga: Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences. Supplement 5: x + 112 pp. i 8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002 ORGANIZATION SPONSORS ii Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects TABLE OF CONTENTS PAG. PREFACE v LIST OF PARTICIPANTS vi GROUP PHOTO ix DIXON, A.F.G. & J.-L. HEMPTINNE Ladybirds and the biological control of aphid populations. WIESSER, W.W. Additive effects of pea aphid natural enemies despite intraguild predation. 1 11 BUENO, V.H.P., A.B. CARNEVALE & M.V.SAMPAIO Host preference of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) for Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). 17 SCHELT, J.- V. & F. WÄCKERS. The biological control of Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in greenhouse grown pepper; research on a tri-trophic system. 21 MAGRO, A., J-L. HEMPTINNE, A. NAVARRE & A.F.G.DIXON Comparison of the reproductive investment in Coccidophagous and Aphidophagous ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 29 HEMPTINNE, J.-L., A.F.G. DIXON & E. WYSS Biological control of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae): learning from the ecology of ladybird beetles. SERPA, L., H. SCHANDERL, C. BRITO & A. O. SOARES Fitness of five phenotypes of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 33 43 SOARES, A.O., D. CODERRE & H. SCHANDERL Influence of prey quality on the reproductive capacity of two phenotypes of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). JAROŠÍK, V., J. POLECHOVÁ, A.F.G. DIXON & A. HONĚK Developmental isomorphy in ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). KINDLMANN, P. & A.F.G. DIXON. Past and future models of predator-prey population dynamics: the importance of generation time ratio. 51 55 65 FRÉCHETTE, B., C. ALAUZET & J.-L. HEMPTINNE Oviposition behaviour of the two-spot ladybird beetle Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on plants with conspecific larval tracks. GODEAU, J.-F., J.-L. HEMPTINNE & J.-C. VERHAEGHE Ant trail: a highway for Coccinella magnifica Redtenbacher (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 73 79 iii 8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002 RŮŽIČKA, Z. & R. ZEMEK Effects of conspecific and heterospecific larval tracks on mobility and searching patterns of Cycloneda limbifer Say (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) females. 85 BASKY, Z. Predators and parasitoids on different cereal aphid species under caged and no caged conditions in Hungary. 95 FÉLIX, S. & A. O. SOARES Intraguild predation among the aphidophagous ladybird beetles Harmonia axyridis Pallas and Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): characterization of the direction and symmetry. 103 SOARES, A.O., R. B. ELIAS & A. RAIMUNDO Approach to the knowledge of Coccinellidade (Coleoptera) species diversity of Madeira and Porto Santo Islands. iv 107 Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects PREFACE Aphids and their natural enemies were central stage from 1st to 6th of September, 2002, at the University of the Azores in Ponta Delgada. Aphids were recorded as major pests early in the XXth Century (GAUMONT 1977) and continue to threaten field and greenhouse crops. As a consequence, pesticides are used regularly and intensively, which hampers the move towards sustainable agriculture. In theory, biological control of aphids is an alternative to chemical control but the record of biological control is not good (DIXON 2000). This does not mean that biological control should be abandoned. On the contrary, we should attempt to improve it, and this is the main objective of the IOBC Working Group “Ecology of aphidophaga”. Traditionally the majority of the communications presented at the meetings of this Working Group are on ladybird beetles. This was also the case at this meeting but the prominence of ladybirds was not a deliberate attempt to restrict the scientific scope of the meeting. History partly explains the domination of ladybirds. The outstanding success of Rodolia cardinalis in California many years ago still influences these conferences. This is not the only explanation. Ladybirds are a good model organism for improving our understanding of the role of natural enemies in regulating herbivore populations. Parasitoids have, and continue to be used as models for studying predator prey dynamics. However, the biology of parasitoids differs fundamentally from that of predators (DIXON 2000) and it is therefore unlikely that studies on parasitoids will shed light on all the theoretical and practical aspects of the interactions between prey and natural enemies. Studies on ladybirds complement those on parasitoids and give a better understanding of why the biological control of aphids sometimes fails. This was central to the interesting communications on predator-prey models, guild structure, fundamental biology and applications presented at the meeting. For practitioners confronted with aphid outbreaks, however, theoretical studies may seem a waste of time. In the face of heavy economic losses immediate action often appears to be the only solution. KAREIVA (1996) has highlighted the risks of a “hit and miss” approach to biological control. However, a “search and wait” strategy, in which all efforts are directed to research while farmers sit and wait for a solution, is not practical. The future is a trade-off between research and practice. In theory there is an infinity of possible trade-offs, but which is the best? In Ponta Delgada the Scientific Committee decided that the Working Group should provide opportunities for practitioners of biological control and scientists to meet and discuss mutual problems. Through exchange of ideas and discussion of field results the right trade off will be approached and the gap between academics and practitioners of biological control progressively reduced. The meeting in Ponta Delgada was fruitful in both scientific and strategic terms. I thank the University of the Azores for hosting the congress and the Local Committee for all its efforts and dedication. Muito obrigado pela sua hospitalidade! The next meeting will be held in Japan at Yamagata University in September 2005. The first announcement is already on our web site (http://www.bf.jcu.cz/tix/strita/aphidophaga/main.html). REFERENCES DIXON, A.F.G. 2000. Insect predator-prey dynamics. Ladybird beetles & biological control. Cambridge University Press. 257 pp. GAUMONT, L. 1977. L’importance économique des aphides (Texte inédit publié à l’occasion du centenaire de sa naissance). Annales de Zoologie-Ecologie animale 9: 173-180. KAREIVA, P. 1996. Contribution of ecology to biocontrol. Ecology 77: 1964-1965. v 8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Basky, Zsuzsa Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.B. 102 HU-1525 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] Duelli, Peter Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf/Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] Bianchi, Félix Alterra Green World Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, P.O.Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Evans Edward W. Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UTA 84322-5305, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Boertjes, Bertin Applied Plant Reseach, Linnaeuslaan 2a, NL1431 JV Aalsmeer, Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Félix, Sandra Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Branquart, Etienne Belgian Biodiversity Platform / CRNFB Avenue Maréchal Juin, 23 BE-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] Fréchette, Bruno Université Paul Sabatier. Laboratoire d'écologie terrestre. UMR 5552. 118 route de Narbonne (4 R 3). FR-31062 Toulouse cedex 04. France. Email: [email protected] Brito, Carlos. Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Garcia, Vasco Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Bueno, Vanda H.P. Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O.Box 37, CEP-37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Godeau, Jean-François Laboratoire De Zoologie (Université de MonsHainaut) Avenue du Champs de Mars, 6 BE-7000 Mons, Belgium. E-mail: jean-francois.godeau@ umh.ac.be Coderre, Daniel Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada, H3C 3P8. E-mail: [email protected] Cunha, Regina. Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Dixon, Anthony F.G. School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. E-mail: [email protected] vi Gonçalves, Ana M. S. University Catholique de Louvan, Laboratoire de Chimie des Interfaces, Croix du Sud 2 (bte 18) BE-1348 Louvan-la-Neuve, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] Grassewitz, Tessa Harper Adams University College, Edgmond, Newport Shropshire, TF 10 8NB, UK. Email: [email protected] Hemptinne, Jean-Louis Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique, B.P. 87, FR-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France. E-mail: [email protected] Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects Hindayana, Dadan Institute of Plant Pests and Diseases, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, ID-16680 Bogor, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] Hodek, Ivo Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] Honěk, Alois Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovská 507, CZ-161 06 Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic. E-mail [email protected] Jarošík, Vojtech Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic. E-mail [email protected] Kindlmann, Pavel Faculty of Biological Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] Kontodimas, Dimitris Benaki Phytopathological Institue, 8 Delta Str. GR-14561 Kifissia (Athenes), Greece. Email: [email protected] Lourenço, Paula Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] M’Rabet, Salima M. University Catholique de Louvan, Laboratoire de Chimie des Interfaces, Croix du Sud 2 (bte 18), BE-1348 Louvan-la-Neuve, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] Machado, Ricardo Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Mackauer, Manfred Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British-Colombia V5A 156, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] Magro, Alexandra Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique, Jeune Equipe 000271JE1 Laboratoire d’Agroécologie, BP 87, FR-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France. E-mail: [email protected] Martinkova, Zdenka Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovska 507 CZ-16106 Praha 6-Ruzyne, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] Martins, António P. Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Ng, Sook M. Department of Zoology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nedved, Oldrich Institute of Entomology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. E-mail: nedved@ bf.jcu.cz Oliveira, Luisa. Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Resendes, Roberto Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Robert, Pierre-Emmanuel Imperial College at Wye, University of London, c/o MCR, Imperial College at Wye, Ashford, TN 25 5AH, UK. E-mail: Pierre-emmanuel.robert@ ic.ac.uk Růžička, Zdenik Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] vii 8th International Symposium on Ecology of Aphidophaga University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 1-6 September 2002 Sato, Satoru United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Wakaba-cho 1-23 Tsuruoka Yamagata JP-997-8555 Japan. E-mail: hyasuda@ tds1.tr.yamagata-u.ac.jp Schelt, Jeroen van Koppert B.V., Veilingweg 17, NL-2650 AD Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-CTE), Boterhoeksestraat 22, NL-6666 GA Heteren, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Serpa, Luis Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Soares, António O. Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Stathas, George Benaki Phytopathological Institue, 8 Delta Str., GR-14561 Kifissia (Athenes), Greece. E-mail: [email protected] Takizawa, Tadashi United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Wakaba-cho 1-23 Tsuruoka viii Yamagata JP-997-8555 Japan. [email protected] E-mail: Vanhaelen, Nicolas Agricultural University of Gembloux, Unité de Zoologie Générale et Appliquée, 2 Passage des Déportés, BE-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] Ventura, Anunciação. Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422. PT-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] Werf, Wopke van der Group Crop & Weed Ecology, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 430, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands. E-mail: wopke. [email protected] Weisser, Wolfgang W. Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-SchillerUniversity, Dornburger Str. 159, DE-07743 Jena, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Yasuda, Hironori Department of Animal Ecology, Department of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata JP-997-8555, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Biology, Ecology and Behaviour of Aphidophagous Insects 1 - António Martins 2 - Vanda Bueno 3 - Paula Lourenço 4 - Jeroen van Schelt 5 - Alois Honĕk 6 - Zdenka Martinkova 7 - Vojtech Jarošík 8 - Anunciação Ventura 9 - Oldrich Nedved 10 - Wolfgang W. Weisser 11 - Sandra Félix 12 - Roberto Resendes 13 - Zdenek Růžička 14 - Peter Duelli 15 - Felix Bianchi 16 - Tadashi Takizawa 17 - Jean-François Godeau 18 - Anthony F.G. Dixon 19 - Wopke van der Werf 20 - Satoru Sato 21 - Dimitris Kontodimas 22 - António Onofre Soares 23 - Bruno Fréchette 24 - Jean-Louis Hemptinne 25 - Alexandra Magro 26 - Sook Ming Ng 27 - Tessa Grasswitz 28 - Bertin Boertjes 29 - Salima Machkour M’Rabet 30 - Zsuzsa Basky 31 - Hironori Yasuda 32 - Dadan Hindayana 33 - George Stathas 34 - Voula Statha 35 - Theodora June Dixon 36 - Pierre-Emanuel Robert 37 - João Hemptinne 38 - Edward W. Evans 39 - Pavel Kindlmann ix