Favela Babilonia and Chapéu Mangueira .

Favela Babilonia
and Chapéu Mangueira
.
Archea
Rio de Janeiro
project: Archea
(Laura Andreini, Marco Casamonti,
Silvia Fabi, Giovanni Polazzi)
with Massimiliano Giberti
collaborator: Ministero dell‘Ambiente
e della Tutela del Territorio
e del Mare and Prefeitura do Rio
de Janeiro
contribution: Forum das Américas
architectural consultant: mOa
mario Occhiuto architecture
structure and systems consultant:
Favero & Milan Ingegneria
technical contribution:
Gruppo TIM Brasil - Intelig, Antonio
Ruggiero, TELESPAZIO Brasil,
INFOBYTE Spa, Franco Gonella
photo by Leonardo Finotti
136
www.archea.it
Il progetto “Abitare la Comunità“ si concentra sulle
Favelas Babilonia e Chapéu Mangueira, ubicate
alle spalle del Bairro do Leme, già coinvolte nel
progetto Morar Carioca sviluppato dalla Prefettura
di Rio de Janeiro. La ricerca portata avanti da
Archea Brasil assieme ad un team di docenti
provenienti da alcune università italiane e brasiliane
con la consulenza per le parti architettonica,
impiantistica e tecnologica, di tecnici e specialisti
di diverse discipline, propone nuove strategie di
intervento utili alla riqualificazione dei sistemi urbani
spontanei di Rio de Janeiro.
La città, attualmente al centro di un processo di
trasformazione e rinnovamento connesso con gli
importanti eventi internazionali programmati nei
prossimi anni, dai campionati mondiali di calcio del
2014 alle Olimpiadi del 2016, sente l’esigenza di
una trasformazione eco-compatibile di gran parte
del patrimonio edilizio della città “informale”.
Le favelas, o meglio, comunidade, conurbazioni
nate spontaneamente per rispondere alle pressanti
necessità abitative del sottoproletariato urbano
a partire dalla fine dell’Ottocento, rappresentano
una realtà di degrado fisico e sociale ormai
incompatibile con la nuova politica e le strategie
di affermazione globale della città.
The project “Living the
Community” has focused on
the favelas of Babilonia and
Chapéu Mangueira, located
behind the Bairro do Leme,
which have already been
involved in the Morar Carioca
project, launched by the
Prefecture of Rio de Janeiro.
The research is ordered by
Forum das Américas and
developed by Archea Brasil
together with a team of
professors teaching at Italian
and Brazilian universities,
assisted by specialized
consultants for aspects related
to architecture, systems and
technologies. The project
suggests new intervention
strategies that may serve to
upgrade the spontaneous
urban systems of Rio de
Janeiro. The city, which
is currently undergoing a
process of transformation
and renewal feels the need
for an eco-compatible
transformation of much of its
“informal” building heritage.
This proposal, requested by
the Italian Ministry for the
Environment and Protection
of the Territory and the Sea,
represents an integration
of that project.
Favelas,
or rather comunidade,
conurbations which have
formed spontaneously to
meet the pressing need for
housing for the urban subproletariat since the late
Nineteenth century, represent
a reality of physical and social
degradation that is no longer
compatible with the city’s
new political ambitions and
strategies of global assertion.
The complete separation and
segregation of these areas
from the rest of the metropolis,
and especially from the legal
residential areas defined as
the “formal city”, in addition
to the lack of services and
infrastructures, the insalubrious
conditions, the criminality and
the more or less total lack
In the previous page:
escalator, pedestrian link
from Rua Anchieta to
Beco di Zé square.
Localization of Leme
Favelas in Rio de Janeiro
in white the boundary
of the district of Leme.
In green borders of the
Favelas (left).
Urbanized areas (bottom)
100 - 115 m sea level
85 - 100 m sea level
60 - 85 m
sea level
45 - 60 m
sea level
30 - 45 m
sea level
15 - 30 m
sea level
0 - 15 m
sea level
favela
favela
vertical pedestrian way
favelas driveway
present entry:
Rua Aurelino Leal > Beco
do Zé
present entry
Ladeira Ary Barroso
copacabana
copacabana
coast
coast
present situation: one driveway entry
present situation: one pedestrian entry
favela
favela
mechanic pedestrian way
vertical pedestrian way
and driveways
present entry:
Rua Aurelino Leal > Beco do Zé
present entry:
Rua Aurelino Leal > Beco
do Zé
new entrys
copacabana
costa
project proposal:
increase the pedestrian entrys
copacabana
costa
project proposal: returning the favela
The general strategy
recommended for the
strengthening of
relations between “formal
city“ and “informal city“
passes through two
primary actions:
- to increase the number
of pedestrian access
from sea to mountain
- to enhance driveway
access with an electric
shuttle system
X6
1
Project proposal of
pedestrian entrys and
driveways.
2
3
4
x6
insertion area of the reclimbing
mechanized system
new pedestrian access
access road
new driveway entrys
private pedestrian entrys to the dwellings
5
rua gustavo sampaio
150 m
125 m
100 m
75 m
50 m
25 m
0m
0m
4
3
2
1
25 m
50 m
75 m
100 m
125 m
150 m
project proposal
2.
3 - 4.
1.
1. equipped concrete
wall: lighting systems and
networks
2. networks systems:
water, electricity, sewer,
waste
3. coverage in semitransparent panels to
allow natural daylighting
7.
4. coverage in semitransparent material to
allow natural daylighting.
5. escalator (1.3 m x2)
6. 0.5 m conveyor belt
for heavy loads
6.
5.
7. doors for lighting in
infrangilbile glass
At the architectural
level are proposed two
possible methods of
implementation: the first is
related to the inclusion of
a system of mechanized
staires to facilitate the
mobility at pedestrian
access.
A second system is
constituted by a series
of lift-towers that will be
located near the landings
of escalators and lead the
residents on the highest
bands of Favela. Towers
also conceived as a small
support facilities for the
installation of technologies
to improve the life quality
of the community.
2.
3.
people mover
1.
3 m.
pedestrian way
2 m.
fermata people mover
people mover
5.
fermata people mover
people mover bus stop
3 - 10 m.
4
project proposal
2 m.
vertical and horizontal
pedestrian path systems
A cycle-vehicular road access to the Favelas
incline max
640 m
B
45 m
vehicles
145 scenari di architettura architectural scenario
The paths within the
community are developed
mainly along the sea-hill
axis, facing the slope on
which stand the Favela
houses with steep and
winding staircases. The
hypothesis proposes
a system of paths and
connections parallel
to the coastline that
enhances the exploitation
of the coplanar traits
creating a model with
terraces, typical of the
Mediterranean settlement.
Morar Carioca project: new internal driveway
incline max
People mover
assembly kit:
1. electric bus with
autonomy of 130 km.
60 m
vehicles
780 m
2. square of the people
mover bus stop.
3. passage way of the
people mover.
4. shelter of people mover
bus stop.
C Pedestrian access to private houses
5. paved driveway,
presence of underground
nets for water, waste
electricity and sewers.
incline max
+/- 5 m
vehicles
20 m
5m
X 16 = 1.600 mq
101
IMPIANTO ELETTRICO IMPIANTO ELETTRICO
electrical system
O ELETTRICO
2.
1.
3.
water system
IMPIANTO
IDRICO IMPIANTO IDRICO
RICO
7.
sanitary system
IMPIANTO
SANITARIO IMPIANTO SANITARIO
O SANITARIO
5.
“a“
6.
“b"
"c"
4.
"d"
project proposal
house: assembly kit
1. house: a small
sustainable device
2. wooden shed:
pillars100x100;
beams150x100
3. roof and added
room:
SIP Panels
(Structural Insulated
Panels)
4. temporary
commercial structures
at the ground floor
5. consolidation
a. new wall if the
existing one is
damaged resisting
horizontal loads
b. damaged walls
consolidated
with shotcrete
c. new beams
in the floor
d. new pillar to support
the deformed beam
6. consolidation
of damaged walls
7. wooden
balustrade 100x50
anchored to the roof
with studded steel
angles
The design strategy
also aims to raise
residents awareness
to adopt a sostenibile
behavior. The
board system will
operate as general
collector to intercept
both the black water
that rain water that
will be treated and put
back for domestic use
and irrigation.
The new towers are
equipped with
photovoltaic panels
for public lighting,
telephone repeaters,
Wi-Fi repeaters,
transformation
equipment, water tanks
for public use.
The static consolidation
of existing houses
suggests the possibility
of exploiting the
basement and cover,
both as expansion of
domestic activities that
currently take place
at the medium level,
both to introduce
new activities such as
shops, laboratories, as
well as terraces,
gardens and additional
rooms to respond to the
family growth.
La totale separazione e segregazione di queste aree
dal resto della metropoli, in particolare dalle zone
residenziali legali definite “città formale”, oltre alla
carenza di servizi, di infrastrutture, l’insalubrità,
la criminalità e il pressoché totale abusivismo che
si concretizza in una diffusa precarietà statica e
funzionale del costruito, richiedono interventi urgenti
ma ponderati rispetto all’enorme massa edificata per
la quale appare improponibile la demolizione su
vasta scala.
La strategia progettuale proposta si muove all’interno
della lettura delle azioni primarie di una difficile
esistenza quotidiana: entrare, muoversi, abitare,
relazionarsi e vivere sostenibile. Il progetto,
sostenuto da un’importante fase propedeutica
di analisi dell’esistente, intende proporre nuove
soluzioni operative che muovono dalla scala
architettonica e urbana alla scelte tecnologiche e di
sostenibilità rivolte ai moradores della zona al fine
di sopperire alla separazione tra “città formale”
e “città informale”. L’incremento e lo sviluppo di una
più facile accessibilità attraverso la creazione di
nuovi percorsi pedonali, scale mobili, torri ascensore
e servizi di trasporto pubblico, oltre l’incremento
della rete di telefonia mobile e la creazione
di una connettività diffusa, consentiranno una
ricomposizione urbana e sociale auspicata
e ricercata dall’intero corpo dei cittadini di Rio.
of building permits resulting
in statically and functionally
precarious buildings, call for
urgent interventions that must
nevertheless be well-pondered,
as it would be impossible to
demolish such a vast quantity
of built tissue. The suggested
planning strategy is inspired
by a reading of the primary
actions of a difficult day-today existence: to enter, get
around, live, relate to others
and to live sustainably. The
project, aided by an important
preparatory phase of analyses
of the existing reality, aims
to propose new operational
solutions ranging from the
architectural and urban
scale to technological and
sustainability-oriented choices
intended for the moradores of
the area, in order to bridge
the gap between “formal”
and “informal” city. More and
more comfortable points of
access through the creation of
pedestrian routes, escalators,
elevator towers and public
transport services, in addition
to a more developed mobile
telephone network and
widespread web accesses, will
make it possible to achieve an
urban and social desegregation
that is desired and sought for
by everyone in Rio.