iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da

Transcrição

iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti
diana pipinaSvili
verbaluri socialuri zegavlenis implicituri
aspeqtebi da pirovneba
fsiqologiaSi filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris akademiuri
xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetSi
xelmZRvaneli:
fsiqologiis mecn. kandidati,
revaz qvarcxava
Tbilisi 2009
Sinaarsi
##
1.
gv.-gv.
winasityvaoba
6-9
I nawili: Teoriuli mimoxilva
10-78
verbaluri socialuri zegavlenis eqsperimentuli kvleva 10-78
socialur fsiqologiaSi.
1.1.
verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris gamoyenebisa da kvlevis 10-12
Taviseburebebi daswavlis Teoriis konteqstSi: verbaluri
socialuri ukukavSiri, rogorc ganmtkiceba.
1.1.1.
socialuri
ukukavSiris
winaaRmdegobrivi
zegavlenis
Sedegebi
Sesaxeb
miRwevis
aRmoCenili 12-13
situaciebTan
dakavSirebul kvlevebSi
1.1..2.
socialuri
ukukavSiris
winaaRmdegobrivi
Secvlis
zegavlenis
Sedegebi
kanonzomierebaTa
Sesaxeb
atitudis
aRmoCenili 13-16
Camoyalibebisa
Seswavlaze
da
orientirebul
kvlevebSi
1.1.3.
socialuri
ukukavSiris
zegavlenis
aRmoCenili 16-27
Sesaxeb
winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebi qcevis marTvis, modifikaciisa da
kontrolis sakiTxebze orientirebul kvlevebSi:
a)
interpersonaluri urTierTobebis sfero
16-20
b)
motivaciis sfero
20-27
1.2.
erTgvarovan
socialur
gansxvavebuli
reagirebis
ukukavSirebze
axsnis
individTa 28-40
mcdelobebi
socialur
fsiqologiaSi
1.2.1.
socialur ukukavSirTa zegavlenis Sesaxeb winaaRmdegobriv 28-30
monacemTa axsna dispoziciuri faqtorebiT
1.2.2.
socialur ukukavSirTa zegavlenis Sesaxeb winaaRmdegobriv 31-35
monacemTa
axsna
situaciuri
faqtorebiT
anu
garemoSi
arsebul stimulTa zemoqmedebiT
1.2.3.
socialur
ukukavSirTa
diferenciacia,
rogorc
maxasiaTeblebis
maTi
arasakmarisi 35-40
zegavlenis
Sesaxeb
winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebis ganmsazRvreli faqtori
2
1.3.
verbaluri socialuri zegavlenis implicituri aspeqtebi
1.3.1.
verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa implicituri zegavlenis 41-54
analizi
calkeul
maxasiaTebelTa
41-60
Seswavlaze
orientirebul kvlevaTa konteqstSi
1.3.2.
verbaluri
socialuri
Sefasebis
mimarT
Tanamedrove 54-60
moTxovnebis naklovanebebi da SezRuduloba
1.4.
ganzogadeba da konkretizacia, rogorc ganzogadebuloba- 61-74
specifikurobis,
pirovnebaze
fokusirebulobisa
orientirebulobis
(Tvisebaze)-procesze
da
unarze-Zalisxmevaze
implicitur
efeqtebze
pasuxismgebeli
procesebi
1.4.1.
ganzogadebis procesis negatiuri implicituri
61-65
Taviseburebebi
1.4.2.
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
fsiqoTerapiul
SeuzRudaobis
TeoriaTa
konteqstSi:
implikacia 65-74
Sefasebis
konkretizaciis procesi
1.5.
ganzogadeba
_
situacia-fokusirebuloba,
ganzogadebuloba-specifikurobis,
procesze
fokusirebulobisa
rogorc 75-78
pirovnebaze(Tvisebaze)da
unarze-Zalisxmevaze
orientirebulobis gamaerTianebeli kategoria
78-99
II nawili. eqsperimentuli kvleva
2.
ganzogadebul
implicituri
_
situacia-fokusirebul
aspeqtebis
zegavlena
qcevis
ukukavSirTa 78-99
motivaciuri
nimuSis Camoyalibebis procesze (pirovnebis mier sakuTar
unarTa Sefaseba, aqtivobis mimarT atitudis Camoyalibeba,
aqtivbis mimarT interesi)
2.1.
sakiTxis dasma
78-85
2.2.
kvlevis meTodika da procedurebi
86-99
2.2.1.
eqsperimentis dagegmva
86-88
2.2.2.
eqsperimentuli situacia
88-89
2.2.3.
eqsperimentuli masala
89-94
a
savarjiSo
89-90
3
b
ukukavSirebi
90-93
g
neitraluri ukukavSiri
93-94
2.2.4.
kiTxvarebi
94-99
a
sakuTar TvisebaTa Sefasebis sakvlevi kiTxvari
94-95
b
savarjiSos
mimarT
verbalurad
gamoxatuli
atitudis 95-96
sakvlevi kiTxvari
2.2.5.
eqsperimentis msvleloba
96-99
2.2.6.
cdis pirebi
99
III nawili. eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi
100-138
3.1.
c.p.-Ta
mier
axasiaTebT
sakuTar
esa
Tu
TvisebaTa
is
Sefasebis
Tviseba),
agreTve
(ramdenad 100-112
TvisebaTa
gamoxatulebis maTTvis sasurveli xarisxis (ramdenad surT,
rom
axasiaTebdeT
esa
Tu
is
Tviseba)
gazomva
eqsperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg; c.p.-Ta mier sakuTar
unarTa
Sefasebaze
ukukavSiris
tipis
da
kategoriis
zegavlenis gansazRvra. socialuri ukukavSiris zegavlenis
zogadoba/konkretulobis
dadgena
(calkeuli
Tvisebis
Sesaxeb miRebuli ukukavSiris gavlena ramdenad vrceldeba
c.p.-is mier sxva Tvisebebis Sefasebaze).
3.2.
savarjiSos
mimarT
atitudis
sakvlevi
kiTxvaris 113-128
konsistentobis gansazRvra (emociur, qceviT da SefasebT
komponentTa
Soris
socialuri
korelaciebis
ukukavSiris
pozitiuroba-negatiurobis)
dadgena).
kategoriis
zegavlenis
verbaluri
(ukukavSiris
gansazRvra
c.p.-Ta
atitudze savarjiSos mimarT (emociur, qceviT da SefasebiT
komponentebze).
verbaluri
socialuri
ukukavSiris
tipis
zegavlenis gansazRvra c.p.-Ta atitudze savarjiSos mimarT.
3.3.
aqtivobis
mimarT
individis
motivaciaze
socialuri 129-138
ukukavSiris kategoriis zegavlenis gansazRvra (savarjiSos
Sesrulebisas
miRebul
negatiurobis
zegavlenis
ukukavSirTa
dadgena
msgavs
poziturobaeqsperimentSi
monawileobis misaRebad c.p.-Ta gamocxadebasTan). aqtivobis
4
mimarT
individis
ukukavSiris
Sesrulebisas
tipis
motivaciaze
zegavlenis
miRebul
verbaluri
socialuri
gansazRvra
(savarjiSos
ukukavSirTa
tipis
zegavlenis
dadgena msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad c.p.-Ta
gamocxadebasTan). aqtivobis mimarT verbalurad gamoxatuli
atitudis
motivaciis
mixedviT
mocemuli
gansazRvris
aqtivobis
SesaZleblobis
mimarT
dadgena
c.p.-Ta
(anu
ramdenad SesaZlebelia verbalurad gamoxatuli atitudis
mixedviT individis qcevis winaswarmetyveleba).
SedarebiTi analizi da daskvnebi
139-148
ganzogadebul da situacia-fokusirebul ukukavSirTa
zegavlena Mqcevis adafturi da araadafturi motivaciuri
nimuSebis ganviTarebaze
danarTi #1
149-161
danarTi #2
162-163
danarTi #3
164-189
danarTi #4
190-194
danarTi #5
195-197
danarTi #6
198-200
gamoyenebuli literatura
201-223
5
winasityvaoba
verbaluri
socialuri
zegavlenis
kanonzomierebaTa
Seswavlis
mimarT fsiqologTa aqtiurad dainteresebis procesi meoce saukunis 60iani wlebidan daiwyo, magram misi implicituri aspeqtebi mkvlevarTa
yuradRebis centrSi mxolod bolo ori aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi
moeqca.
am
tendencias
modificirebisa
sfero,
da
mniSvnelovnad
kontrolis
miRwevis
sfero),
Seuwyo
xeli
qcevis
(interpersonaluri
aseve
marTvis,
urTierTobebis
damarwmunebeli
komunikaciis
kanonzomierebaTa da sxva mniSvnelovan sakiTxTa Seswavlaze mimarTuli
kvlevebis
mier
wlebis
urTierTsawinaaRmdego
ganmavlobaSi
Sedegebma
verbaluri
gamovlenilma
ukukavSiris
sxvadasxva
maxasiaTebelTa zemoqmedebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb. socialuri zegavlenis
apriorulad
Sefasebis
gansazRvris
tendenciis
keTilsasurveli
zegavlenis Sesaxeb),
da/an
(magaliTad,
negatiuri
rwmena
Sefasebis
pozitiuri
damTrgunveli
agreTve iseT maxasiaTebelTa gauTvaliswineblobis
gamo, rogoric aris Sefasebis Sinaarsobrivi fokusi, forma, xarisxi,
miwodebis
manera
da
a.S.,
mkvlevarebi
didi
xnis
erTgvarovnad miiCnevdnen savsebiT gansxvavebuli
ganmavlobaSi
saxis ukukavSirebs
rac, bunebrivia, maTi zemoqmedebis kanonzomierebebis Sesaxeb sakmaod
urTierTSeusabamo suraTs qmnida. Semdgom, 80-iani wlebis socialur
fsiqologiaSi TandaTan
maxasiaTebelTa
aucilebloba,
gamoikveTa verbaluri ukukavSiris calkeul
ufro
ramac
arapirdapiri,
faqizi
diferencirebisa
mkvlevarTa
implicituri
interesi
da
Sefasebis
aspeqtebisaken
Seswavlis
zemoqmedebis
mimarTa
(pirobiTi
TviTfaseulobis gancda, aRqmuli autonomiuroba/garegani kontroli).
Sesabamisad,
Semdgom
kvlevebSi
gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba
eqceoda
Sefasebis implicitur zemoqmedebasTan asocirebul iseT maxasiaTeblebs,
rogoric
aris
ukukavSiris
miwodebis
manera
(informaciul-
makontrolebeli), forma (specifikuri-ganzogadebuli), atribuciuli da
Sinaarsobrivi
fokusi
(kompetenturoba;
unari-Zalisxmeva;
pirovneba/Tviseba-procesi) da a.S.
6
dRes Tanamedrove socialur fsiqologiur kvlevebze dayrdnobiT
savsebiT SesaZlebelia verbaluri Sefasebis efeqturobis ganmsazRvreli
ZiriTadi
kriteriumebis
gamoyofa,
romelTa
gauTvaliswineblobac
relevantur literaturaSi qcevis araadafturi nimuSis ganviTarebasTan
asocirdeba (negatiuri an daTrgunuli afeqti, dabrkolebebis winaSe
ukandaxeva,
gamowvevis
Tavidan
SesaZleblobis
daTmoba
da
maxasiaTeblebi,
rogoric
aris
procesze
arideba,
axali
a.S.).
amdenad
Sinaarsis
orientirebuloba,
gulwrfeloba
uaxles
unar-Cvevebis
ukukavSiris
fokusireba
endogenuroba,
kvlevaTa
Sedegebis
swavlis
iseTi
Zalisxmevaze,
informaciuloba,
analizis
safuZvelze
verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa gamoyenebis mizanSewonilebis mimarT
erTgvar moTxovnebadac SeiZleba ganvixiloT. saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom Tanamedrove socialur fsiqologiuri literatura dRes ramdenadme
gadatvirTulic
ki
aris
sxvadasxva
pirovnul
aspeqtebze
(motivacia,
unar-Cvevis aTvisebis done, Sesrulebis xarisxi, TviTSefaseba da a.S.)
Sefasebis
zegavlenis
ganmsazRvreli
gamaSualebeli
cvladebisa
da
procesebis Seswavlaze mimarTuli kvlevebiT. savaraudod, momavalSic
maTi
ufro
sistematiurad
Seswavla
aseve
aqtualuri
iqneba,
magram
amavedros aranakleb mniSvnelovania am mravalmxrivi codnis safuZvelze
Sefasebis
marTebulad,
koreqtulad
gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobebis
gaumjobesebis mniSvnelovnebac aralaboratoriul, bunebriv pirobebSi.
Eam amocanis ganxorcieleba, rogorc aRmoCnda, sakmaod rTulia: Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT Sefasebis mimarT moTxovnebis simravles, meoresmxriv
ki cxovrebiseul situaciaTa mravalferovnebas (igulisxmeba, rogorc
specifikuriM_ magaliTad, miRwevis situaciebi, aRzrdis, medicinis da
a.S.
sferoebi,
aseve
pirovnebaTSorisi
sayofacxovrebo
urTierTobebi),
_
calkeul
sazogadoebrivi
SemTxvevebSi
da
TiTqmis
SeuZlebelia Sefasebis ZiriTadi negatiuri da pozitiuri zemoqmedebis
matarebeli yvela maxasiaTeblis gaTvaliswineba.
amavedros,
SevZlebT
SesaZloa
verbaluri
zemoTaRniSnuli
es
mizani
Sefasebis
rekomendaciebis
savsebiT
pozitiuri
erTi
miRwevadi
gaxdes,
zegavlenis
ZiriTadi
Tu
Sesaxeb
maxasiaTeblis
gaTvaliswinebamde dayvanas anu ramodenime maxasiaTeblis warmodgenas
7
erTi,
ufro
farTo
maxasiaTebelTa
kategoriis
implicitur
saxiT,
romelic
efeqtebs.
aseve
iTvaliswinebs
sasurvelia
am
Sefasebis
Sinaarsobrivi, anu Tematuri Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofac ise, rom
subieqtis
ara
mxolod
qceviTi,
aramed
pirovnuli
gamovlinebis,
Tvisebisa da unaris, agreTve aqtivobis Sedegis Sefasebac, zogadad,
gaxdes
usafrTxo
da
amavedros
pozitiuri
implikaciis
matarebeli.
amgvari mcdelobis mizanSewonileba gansakuTrebiT sarwmuno gaxdeba, Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT
garkveulwilad
garkvevasa
Sefasebis
zogierT
urTierTgadamfarav
da,
ufro
naTlad,
maxasiaTebelTa
xasiaTs,
rac
mniSvnelobebis
maTSi
gansazRvruli
saTanadod
kategoriis
saxiT
warmodgenas moiTxovs. magaliTad, Zalisxmevis myari Tvisebis, pirovnuli
Taviseburebis
saxiT
formulirebis
SesaZleblobam
("TqvenTvis
damaxasiaTebelia mondomebuloba muSaobisas"; "Tqven gaxasiaTebT mTeli
ZalisxmeviT
muSaoba
saqmis
bolomde
misayvanad"
da
a.S.)
SesaZloa,
Sefasebis Zalisxmevaze orientirebis moTxovnis araadekvaturobac ki
daadasturos.
amasTanave,
urTierTobebis
procesSi
is
garemoebac,
adamianebi
rom
bunebrivi
sxvadasxva
mizniT
socialuri
(mxardaWeris,
gamarTlebis mopoveba an Tavdajerebulobis gaZliereba) uneburad mainc
iTxoven da Tavadac axdenen erTmaneTis xasiaTis, pirovnuli Tvisebebis,
an Sesrulebis Sedegebis Sefasebas ubralo diagnozismagvari komentaris,
Seqebisa Tu sayveduris saxiT, savsebiT amarTlebs ukukavSiris iseTi
maxasiaTeblis Ziebis mcdelobas, romelic Tvisebaze, unarsa da Sedegze
fokusirebis SemTxvevaSic ar kargavs Tavis pozitiur implikacias.
winamdebare kvleva warmoadgens verbaluri Sefasebis implicitur
zemoqmedebasTan
asocirebul
(unarze/Zalisxmevaze
ZiriTad
fokusirebuloba;
maxasiaTebelTa
procesze/pirovnebaze
orientirebuloba; ganzogadebuloba/specifikuroba)
erTi, ufro farTo
kategoriis maxasiaTebliT Secvlis mcdelobas. kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia
ganzogadebuloba/situacia-fokusirebuloba,
rogorc
ukukavSiris
maxasiaTebeli, romelic erTismxriv, iZleva adamianis qcevis, pirovnuli
gamovlinebis/Tvisebis,
saSualebas,
unarisa
meoresmxriv,
ki
da
aqtivobis
inarCunebs
Sedegis
Sefasebis
im
Sefasebis
implikaciebs,
romlebsac zemoTaRniSnuli sxva maxasiaTeblebi atarebs (erTismxriv,
8
garegani kontrolis anu autonomiurobis dakargvisa da pirobiTi TviTfaseulobis
negatiuri
gancdebi,
meoresmxriv
ki
aRqmuli
autonomiurobisa da SeuzRudavi potenciuri SesaZleblobebis aRiarebis
efeqtTan
asocirebuli
pozitiuri
gancdebi),
risi
damtkicebac
SesaZlebelia am maxasiaTebelTa (unarze/Zalisxmevaze fokusirebuloba,
Tvisebaze/procesze orientirebuloba, aseve egzogenuroba-endogenuroba
da socialur Sedarebaze orientirebuloba) motivaciuri, afeqturi da
kognituri efeqtebis ganmeorebiT (igulisxmeba qcevis umweo/adafturi
nimuSis
ZiriTadi
komponentebis
daqveiTeba/amaRleba,
aRmocneba:
negatiuri/pozitiuri
Sinagani
motivaciis
afeqti
da
aversiuli/miaxlovebis reaqciebi).
cxadia,
ukukavSiris
gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebuli
moTxovnebis
gasadavebam gamoyenebis konteqstisa da Sefasebis obieqtis (recipient)
maxasiaTeblebis
erTad,
specifikurobis
SesaZloa
ramdenadme
validuroba,
magram
amavedros,
gaaadvilebs
gansxvavebul
amsaxvel
gamaSualebel
Seamciros
imedia,
Sefasebis
aseTi
cxovrebiseul
gasadaveba
situaciebSi
faqtorebTan
ekologiuri
SesamCnevad
gansxvavebul
ukukavSirTa Tavisuflad da efeqturad gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebs.
9
I nawili: Teoriuli mimoxilva
1. verbaluri socialuri zegavlenis eqsperimentuli kvleva socialur
fsiqologiaSi.
1.1
verbaluri
socialuri
ukukavSiris
gamoyenebisa
da
kvlevis
Taviseburebebi daswavlis Teoriis konteqstSi: verbaluri socialuri
ukukavSiri, rogorc ganmtkiceba.
meoce
saukunis
meore
naxevris
literaturas
Tamamad
SeiZleba
mxedvelobaSi
miviRebT
im
umravlesoba,
Teoriis
udides
gavlenas
uaRresad
bihevioraluric
garemoebas,
gansakuTrebiT
poziciebidan
70-iani
mivaweroT,
popularuli
rom
wlebidan,
sruldeboda.
unda
samecniero
es
daswavlis
vuwodoT,
man
Tu
aRweril
kvlevaTa
ZiriTadad
daswavlis
tendencia,
radgan
fsiqologiur
cxadia,
Tavisi,
meqanizmebis
am
skineris
periodSi
kvlevis
modeli
cxovelebidan adamianis qcevaze, xolo Semdeg ki socialuri qcevisa da
sazogadoebrivi
mecnierebas
movlenebis
movlenaTa
gagebazec
ganavrco
prognozirebisa
da
(imedaZe
marTvis
2004:127)
mkacri,
da
magram
amavedros martivi eqsperimentuli kvlevis gza SesTavaza. misi “qcevis
teqnologia”
saxeobisa
(skineri
da
maTi
1971:23),
romelic
miwodebis
faqtiurad
reJimis
ganmtkicebaTa
kontrolze
daiyvaneba,
relevanturad iTvleboda yvelgan, sadac adamianis qcevis formirebis,
kontrolisa
da
Sesabamisad,
intensiurad
gamoyeneba
regulaciis
iseT
amocanebis
daiwyes
praqtikul
gadawyveta
operantuli
sferoebSi,
iyo
aqtualuri.
ganmtkicebis
rogoricaa
teqnikis
moswavleTa
da
studentTa swavleba, gonebrivad CamorCenil bavSvTa aRzrda, ojaxur
urTierTobaTa
daregulireba
da
fsiqiur
daavadebaTa
mkurnaloba.
daswavlis fundamenturi meqanizmi, romlis mixedviTac Tu moqmedebis
ganmtkicebasTan SeuRlebis procesi mizandasaxulad aris warmarTuli,
SesaZlebelia qcevis sasurveli mimaraTulebiT warmarTva, mimzidveli
aRmoCnda,
rogorc
Tavisi
simartiviT,
aseve
optimizmiTac. magaliTad, fsiqiuri daavadeba
rogorc
avadmyofoba,
aramed,
rogorc
misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli
kvalificrdeboda ara,
stimulebze
araadeqvaturi
10
reagirebis
qceviTi
sakmarisad
risi
gagebisa
iTvleboda
adafturi
qcevis,
da
TandaTanobiTi
sistematiuri
nimuSi,
da
aRmofxvrisaTvisac
adeqvaturi
ganmtkiceba.
aqtivobis
analogiurad
ganisazRvreboda codnis miRebis procesic: daswavlis Teoriis mixedviT
igi
swori
moqmedebis
moZebnasa
da
fiqsacias
gulisxmobda,
codnis
fiqsacia-gamyarebisaTvis ki gamoyenebuli iyo gameorebisa da ganmtkicebis
organizebuli sistema _ uaRresad mniSvnelovani operantuli daswavlis
meTodologiisaTvis,
ganmtkicebaTa
radganac
sistemis
daswavlis
marTebulad
efeqturoba
SerCevas
swored
eyrdnoba.
skineri
gansakuTrebiT xazs usvamda ganmtkicebebis programis mniSvnelovnebas,
romlis Sesabamisadac sasurveli reaqciebi mudmivad unda “fasdebodes”
(skineri 1980:77), rac gulisxmobs qcevis subieqtis uwyveti ukukavSiriT
uzrunvelyofas.
teqnologiaSi
gansakuTrebiT
gamoiyeneboda
xSirad
verbaluri
qcevis
modifikaciis
socialuri
ukukavSirebi:
sityvieri waxaliseba, Seqeba, daTanxmeba, Setyobineba pasuxis sisworis
Sesaxeb da sxva.
bihevioraluri
ZiriTadad
sistema;
teqnikis
janmrTelobisa da
bihevioraluri
daswavlis
praqtikaSi
Teoriis
ganaTlebis
Terapia;
gavlena
danergvasTan
sferoebs
programirebuli
gaZlierda
erTad,
rac
exeba (Jetonebis
swavlebis
samecniero
meTodi),
sferoSic,
ris
Sedegadac ganmtkicebis principebi safuZvlad daedo socialuri qcevis
Seswavlasa da marTvaze orientirebul mraval kvlevas.
Sesabamisad, eqsperimentul kvlevebSi ganmtkicebis sxva formebTan
erTad
rogorc
farTod
gamoiyeneboda
individis
determinanti
qcevis
verbaluri
ganmtkicebisa
interpersonaluri
socialuri
da
Secvlis
urTierTobis,
ukukavSirebi,
mniSvnelovani
damarwmunebeli
komunikaciis, miRwevis situaciebis, daswavlili umweobis fenomenisa Tu
motivaciur
procesTa
Taviseburebebis
Seswavlis
konteqstSi,
sadac
mkvlevarTaTvis aqtualuri iyo interpersonaluri mowonebis, garkveuli
movlenis mimarT atitudis Camoyalibebis an Secvlis, raime aqtivobis
Sesrulebis
xarisxis
an
mis
mimarT
motivaciuri
procesis
aRZvris
manipulireba.
11
amavedros,
informacia
verbalur
calsaxa
mravalricxovani
pirovnebis
socialur
da
kvlevebis
dispoziciur
ukukavSirTa
erTgvarovani:
Sedegad
dagrovebuli
maxasiaTeblebsa
zegavlenis
mecnierebma
Sesaxeb
mxolod
da
qcevaze
ar
aRmoCnda
mogvianebiT
miaqcies
yuradReba kvlevis SedegTa im aSkara Seusabamobas, romlebic socialuri
ganmtkicebis zegavlenas exeboda (sorenseni 1976:1155-1160).
1.1.1.
socialuri
ukukavSiris
winaaRmdegobrivi
Sedegebi
zegavlenis
miRwevis
Sesaxeb
aRmoCenili
situaciebTan
dakavSirebul
kvlevebSi
Sesrulebis xarisxze verbaluri socialuri ganmtkicebis zegavlenis
Seswavlas (gansakuTrebiT es exeba ukukavSiris gavlenas bavSvebsa da
mozardebze miRwevis situaciebSi) uamravi kvleva mieZRvna da swored am
raodenobrivi
simravlis
fonze
kvlevis
SedegTa
winaaRmdegobrivoba
gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa: magaliTad, zogierTi kvlevis Sedegi TiTqos
aSkarad
adasturebda,
matebasTan
erTad
rom
izrdeba
verbaluri
(mak
greidi
Seqebis
efeqturoba
1966:555-560),
sxva
asakis
kvlevaTa
Sedeegebi ki sawinaaRmdego mosazrebas amtkicebda (meieri... 1960:419-429; mak
kulersi
1960:439-445).
rigi
mkvlevarebi
Tvlidnen,
rom
Sesrulebis
xarisxis amaRlebas yvelaze metad sayveduri uwyobs xels (o’liiri
1971:379-398), Tumca zogierTi kvlevis monacemebi aCvenebda, rom am miznis
misaRwevad Seqebisa da gakicxvis (an sayveduris) gamoyeneba Tanabrad
efeqturia (stivensoni 1965:197). zogierTi kvlevis mixedviT mozardTa
Sesrulebis
xarisxi
umjobesdeba
verbaluri
pozitiuri
ukukavSiris
saSualebiT (spense... 1967:29-38), Tumca rig kvlevaTa Sedegebi uaryofs am
mosazrebas
da
amtkicebs,
rom
stimulis
prioritetulobis
faqtori
araviTar gavlenas ar axdens Sesrulebis xarisxze (rozenfildi 1972:189193; ranioni... 1972:76-80).
kenedim
da
ganmavlobaSi
zegavlenasTan
vilkatma
(brikmeni...
Catarebuli
dakavSirebiT
1976:149-160)
kvlevebi
saskolo
Seqebisa
asakis
mimoixiles
da
40
wlis
dadanaSaulebis
bavSvTa
akademiuri
moswrebis xarisxze da daaskvnes, rom warmatebisa da warumateblobis
12
Sesaxeb
socialuri
ukukavSirebi
(maT
Soris
verbaluric)
rig
SemTxvevebSi aumjobesebs Semdgomi Sesrulebis xarisxs, magram garkveul
pirobebSi aqveiTebs mas, rac TiTqos Tavad ukukavSiris maxasiaTeblebis
TaviseburebebiT ar ganisazRvreba.
1.1.2.
socialuri
ukukavSiris
winaaRmdegobrivi
Sedegebi
zegavlenis
atitudis
kanonzomierebaTa Seswavlaze
Sesaxeb
aRmoCenili
Camoyalibebisa
da
Secvlis
orientirebul kvlevebSi
ramdenadac daswavlis Teoriis principebis relevanturoba atitudis
Camoyalibebisa
nawilobrivi
da
Secvlis
ganmtkiceba,
procesebis
mimarTac
kontrganpirobeba)
(atitudis
araerTxel
SeZena,
dadasturda
eqsperimentulad (staatsi... 1958:37-40; staatsi 1969:187-192; staatsi... 1960:338350),
mkvlevarTaTvis
aqtualuri
gaxda
am
procesebze
socialuri
ganmtkicebis, maT Soris verbaluri socialuri ukukavSirebis gavlenis
Seswavla.
Sesabamisad,
atitudis
Camoyalibebisa
da
Secvlis
kanonzomierebaTa SeswavliT dainteresebul mkvlevarTaTvis aqtualuri
gaxda
verbaluri
gansazRvra.
ukukavSiris,
kerZod,
ganmamtkiceblis
rigi
da
a.S.
ganmtkicebis
kvlevebisa
mieZRvna
sakiTxs.
mkvlevarTa
gansazRvris
ZiriTadad Tvlida, rom
daTanxmebis
rogorc
konsistentobis
universaluri
umravlesoba
Tu ukukavSiri pozitiuria anu Seicavs qebis,
Sesaxeb
informacias,
igi
nebismier
SemTxvevaSi
ganmamtkicebel funqcias asrulebs ama Tu im atitudis mimarT (brokau...
1983:1014-1020;
Cesteri...
1969:333-341).
dadasturda
agreTve
socialuri
ganmtkicebis akumulaciuri xasiaTic, rac niSnavs, rom rac ufro metia
ganmtkiceba (pozitiur ukukavSirTa raodenoba), miT ufro pozitiuri
iqneba Camoyalibebuli atitudi (anu SeZenili atitudis polaruloba
izrdeba
ganmtkicebis
procentis
proporciulad).
kontrganpirobebis
gavlena ki (atitudis negatiurad Secvla) ukuproporciuli aRmoCnda
ganmtkicebis konsistentobis mimarT anu aRmoCnda, rom rac ufro met
pozitiur ukukavSirs iRebs individi, miT naklebad icvleba pozitiuri
atitudi (kerpelmeni... 1971:301-305). msgavsi Sedegebis safuZvelze (hildami...
1956:108-111; ekmani 1966:769-781; insko 1965:621-623; insko... 1967:225-228) Seiqmna
13
rwmena,
rom
pozitiuri
socialuri
ukukavSiri
(aRniSnul
kvlevebSi
ZiriTadad gamoyenebuli iyo verbaluri ukukavSiri “kargia”) warmoadgens
universalur
ganmamtkicebels
atitud-relevanturi
veTanxmebi” tipis pasuxebis mimarT.
“veTanxmebi
am aRmoCenis axsnis
-
ar
mcdelobebi
(mravaljeradi dadasturebis miuxedavad atitud-relevantur pasuxebze
pozitiuri ukukavSiris aseTi zegavlena axsnas moiTxovda)
oTxi tipis
interpretaciis saxiT SeiZleba warmovadginoT:
axsnis pirveli tipis mcdelobebi warmoadgens atituduri verbaluri
ganmtkicebis
eqsperimentuli
situaciis
moTxovnis
terminebSi
interpretacias, rac gulisxmobs, rom c.p.-i acnobierebs eqsperimentuli
pirobebis moTxovnebs da eqvemdenareba maT. daqvemdebareba gulisxmobs
sami pirobis dakmayofilebas: 1. c.p.-i intuitiurad acnobierebs, rom
ganmtkiceba miniSnebaa eqsperimentatoris mxridan, amdenad misi gamoyeneba
mniSvnelovania.
moiTxovs
2. c.p.-i intuitiurad acnobierebs, Tu ris gakeTebas
(moelis)
misgan
eqsperimentatori;
3.
c.p.-s
aqvs
ganzraxva
moiqces eqsperimentatoris moTxovnis (molodinis) Sesabamisad (diuleni
1962:102-109).
meore
tipis
interpretaciis
interpretacia
mixedviT
hedonistur
damajildovebeli,
xasiaTs
atarebs.
sasurveli
am
ukukavSiri
(magaliTad, “kargia” an “sworia”) zrdis c.p.-is motivacias gasces “swori”
pasuxebi.
am
interpretacias
adasturebs
spilbergerisa
da
mis
TanaavtorTa kvlevebi, sadac damtkicda Zlieri kavSiri c.p.-ebis mier
eqsperimentuli situaciis moTxovnaTa gacnobierebasa da ukukavSiris
“kargia” miRebis survils Soris (braieni... 1966:182-189; donerti... 1966:504516;
spilbergeri...
1963:241-246;
spilbergeri...
1966:26-31;
spilbergeri...
1962:106-121, 179).
atituduri
verbaluri
ganmtkicebis
mesame
Teoriuli
axsna
ganmtkicebis informaciul Rirebulebas usvams xazs. am interpretaciis
mixedviT “kargia” c.p.-s awvdis informacias eqsperimentatoris mosazrebis
Sesaxeb, rac iwvevs ubralo konformulobis efeqts. zogierTi kvleva
ramdenadme adasturebs am interpretacias
(feirli... 1966:14-17; kresneri...
1965:407-412).
14
balansis anu orfaqtoriani Teoriis poziciis mixedviT ganmtkicebis
faqtorebs warmoadgens ganmamtkiceblis informaciuli Rirebuleba (igi
awvdis informacias c.p.-s eqsperimentatoris Tvalsazrisis Sesaxeb, rasac
eyrdnoboda informaciuli interpretacia) da eqsperimentatoris mimarT
mowonebis aRmoceneba, rac zrdis eqsperimentatoris mosazrebis mimarT
konformuli
erTismxriv
reaqciis
awvdis
albaTobas.
informacias
sxvagvarad
c.p.-s
rom
vTqvaT,
”kargia”
eqsperimentatoris
atitudis
Sesaxeb, meoresmxriv, igi atyobinebs c.p.-s, rom eqsperimentators moswons
misi pasuxebi, rac gulisxmobs, rom eqsperimentators garkvulwilad
TviT c.p.-ic moswons. xolo, ramdenadac mowonebis, mizidvis gancdebi
reciprokulobiT
xasiaTdeba
(niukombi
subieqtsac uCndeba, SesaZloa susti,
1963:376-387;
heideri
1958:105),
magram mainc mowonebis gancda
eqsperimentatoris mimarT. swored es mowonebis gancda iwvevs c.p.-is
Semdgom konformul reaqcias.
mravali
damadasturebeli
kvlevisa
da
damajerebeli
interpretaciebis miuxedavad rwmenas pozitiuri socialuri Sefasebis,
rogorc
universaluri
interpersonaluri
ganmamtkiceblis
mimzidvelobis
Sesaxeb
sferosTan
safuZveli
dakavSirebul
Seuryia
kvlevaTa
winaaRmdegobrivma Sedegebma. mkvlevarebi ZiriTadad iyenebdnen qebisa da
kritikis
gamomxatvel
ukukavSirebs,
romlebic
c.p.-bs
miewodebodaT
Semfaseblisagan, xolo Semdeg sTxovdnen maT SeefasebinaT ukukavSiris
wyaro anu TviTon Semfasebeli. rigma kvlevebma (miti... 1974:156; sigali...
1967:178-188) aCvena, rom erTi adamiani meoresaTvis imdenad mimzidveli
xdeba,
ramdenad
damajildovebelic
aris
misi
mopyrobis
manera
am
ukanasknelis mimarT anu Tu Semfaseblisgan igi mudmivad pozitiur
Sefasebebs iRebs da piriqiT _ miT ufro naklebad mimzidveli iqneba is
adamiani, romelic mis mimarT mudmivad
kritikul damokidebulebas
amJRavnebs (bairni... 1969:76). amavedros es daskvna ar dadasturda sxva
kvlevebSi, romelTa Sedegebis mixedviTac
aRmoCnda, rom Semfaseblis
mimarT pozitiuri atitudis Camoyalibeba kritikis Semcveli, mtruli
damokidebulebis
iseTive
gamomxatveli
warmatebiT
SeiZleba
ukukavSirebis
miwodebis
ganxorcieldes,
rogorc
SemTxvevaSic
pozitiuri
15
damokidebulebis
gamomxatveli
ukukavSirebis
miwodebis
Sedegad
(brokau... 1983:1014-1020).
mosazreba
ganmtkicebis
pozitiuroba-negatiurobis
gavlenis
konsistentobis Sesaxeb ar daadastura agreTve kvlevebma (aronsoni...
1965:156-171), romelTa mixedviTac pozitiuri atitudis Camoyalibebas xels
uwyobs Sefasebis cvalebadi (sadac Semfaseblis komentarebi c.p.-bTan
dakavSirebiT TandaTanobiT icvleboda negatiuridan pozitiuriT) da ara
mudmivi pirobebi.
rigma
Sromebma
verbalur
interpersonaluri
ukukavSirTa
mimzidvelobis
upiratesobis
ganpirobebaSi
damadasturebeli
kvlevebis
(spilbergeri... 1963:241-246, spilbergeri... 1966:26-31; spilbergeri... 1962:106121) sawinaaRmdegod aCvena, rom verbaluri ganmtkicebis gamoyeneba ar
aris prioritetuli ukukavSiris wyaros mimarT pozitiuri atitudis
CamoyalibebisaTvis. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia hovard leventalisa da kurt
fiSeris (leventali... 1970:83-94) originaluri kvleva, romelic socialur
ganmtkicebaSi verbaluri elementebis (sityvebis) da eqspresiis rolis
gansazRvras exeba da amtkicebs, rom verbaluri ganmtkiceba ar aris
araverbalurze ufro mniSvnelovani.
amdenad,
kvlevis
verbaluri
SedegTa
socialuri
Seusabamoba
Sefasebis
atitudis
zegavlenis
Camoyalibebisa
da
Sesaxeb
Secvlis
sferoSic aSkarad gamovlinda.
H
1.1.3.
socialuri
ukukavSiris
zegavlenis
Sesaxeb
aRmoCenili
winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebi qcevis marTvis, modifikaciisa da kontrolis
sakiTxebze orientirebul kvlevebSi:
a) interpersonaluri urTierTobebis sfero
adamianis qcevis formirebis, kontrolisa da regulaciis amocanaTa
gadawyvetis sakiTxebis (staatsi... 1973:251-261)
mimarT daswavlis Teoriis
midgomis efeqturobam mkvlevarTaTvis aqtualuri gaxda am procesebze
socialuri ganmtkicebis, maT Soris verbaluri socialuri ukukavSirebis
gavlenis Seswavla. qcevis marTvis, koreqciisa da kontrolis sakiTxTa
16
Seswavlaze orientirebuli kvlevebi socialur fsiqologiaSi ZiriTadad
interpersonaluri
urTierTobis
sferosa
da
motivaciur
procesTa
SeswavlasTan asocirdeboda (staatsi... 1973:251-261). Sesabamisad, verbaluri
socialuri
ukukavSiris
informaciac
qcevaze
motivaciisa
da
gavlenis
Sesaxeb
pirovnebaTSorisi
winaaRmdegobrivi
urTierTobis
sferos
ukavSirdeba.
pirvel
rigSi
aRsaniSnavia
sakiTxi
interpersonaluri
urTierTobebis konteqstSi pozitiuri socialuri ukukavSiris, rogorc
qcevis
universaluri
socialuri
ganmamtkiceblis
ganmtkicebis
Sesaxeb,
popularul
romelic
koncefcias.
eyrdnoba
misi
mixedviT
socialuri ganmtkiceba unda gamoxatavdes megobrul damokidebulebas
anu unda iyos pozitiuri (igulisxmebaQqcevis iseTi formebi, rogoricaa
Seqeba;
socialuri
socialuri
ukukavSiri
ganmamtkicebeli:
Tavismxriv,
individs
gamarTleba;
igi
pasuxad
ganaxorcielos
ganixileba,
iwvevs
meoradi
dadastureba).
sasiamovno
ganmtkicebis
mocemuli
anu
rogorc
qcevis
emociebs
principis
qcevis
ganamtkicos
aseT
mimarT
qceva.
SemTxvevaSi
universaluri
individSi,
Sesabamisad,
miaxloebis
Sesabamisad,
rac
ubiZgebs
strategiebi
popularuli
koncefciis mixedviT, negatiuri socialuri ukukavSiri, romelic mtrul,
aramegobrul
damokidebulebas
an
kritikis
elementebs
Seicavs,
ganridebis, dacviT strategiebsa da qcevebs iwvevs individSi da amcirebs
mocemuli qcevis momavalSi ganmeorebis albaTobas anu xels uSlis
qcevis
ganmtkicebas
(berkovici...
1969:200-206;
bairni...
1969:76;
feirli...
1966:14-17; grifiti... 1969:1-8).
socialuri ganmtkicebis gaigivebas megobrul qcevasTan zogierTi
klinicisti
ad
fsiqoTerapevtic
emxroboda,
Tumca
swored
am
ukanasknelTa Soris gamoCndnen rigi praqtikosi fsiqologebi, romlebmac
ar gaiziares popularuli koncefcia (brokau... 1983:1014-1020). klientTa
qcevaze
gansxvavebuli
kvlevebis
aRmoaCines,
Sedegad
rom
stilis
helerma
klientTa
da
interviuirebis
misma
zegavlenis
kolegebma
garkveuli
(heleri...
specifikuri
Sesaxeb
1966:2-8)
qcevebis
ganmtkicebisaTvis interviueris mxridan mtruli (agresiuli) mopyroba
17
ufro
efeqturia,
vidre
megobruli,
pozitiuri
damokidebulebis
gamovlena.
Arogorc megobruli, aseve mtruli damokidebulebis gamomxatvel
ukukavSirTa ganmamtkicebel efeqts adasturebda socialuri ganmtkicebis
interpersonaluri
Teoriebic,
kerZod
komplementarobis
Teoria,
romelic gulisxmobs, rom qcevis garkveuli interpersonaluri nimuSi
aRZravs
Sesabamis anu “komplementarul” pasuxs sxva individis mxridan.
”komplementaruli”
ukukavSiri
ki,
Tavismxriv
zrdis
originaluri
(Tavdapirveli) qcevis ganmeorebis albaTobas anu ganamtkicebs mocemul
qcevas. socialur fsiqologiur literaturaSi aRwerili rigma kvlevebma
daadastura komplementarobis principi. magaliTad, devid brokosa da
klinton maklemoris kvlevaSi (brokau... 1983:1014-1020) manipulirebuli iyo
erTismxriv mtruli da megobruli, xolo meoresmxriv dominanturi da
daqvemdebarebuli damokidebulebis gamomxatveli verbaluri qcevebi c.p.Ta mxridan. maTi qcevis pasuxad gamoyenebuli iqna komplementaruli
(magaliTad mtruli-daqvemdebarebuli verbaluri qcevis mimarT mtrulidominanturi)
da
arakomplementaruli
(magaliTad
mtruli-
daqvemdebarebuli verbaluri qcevis mimarT megobrul-daqvemdebarebuli)
socialuri
ukukavSirebi.
imterpersonalur
kvlevis
urTierTobaSi
qcevis
Sedegad
aRmoCnda,
ganmtkicebas
da
rom
Secvlas
gansazRvravs ukukavSiris komplementaruloba da ara pozitiuroba anu
ukukavSiri qcevaze ganmamtkiceblad moqmedebs, Tuki igi qcevis mimarT
komplementuria. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi TviTon qcevis Secvlas iwvevs
komplementarobis principis Sesabamisad (anu iwvevs ukukavSiris Sesabamis
qcevas). sxva kvlevaTa
miuxedavad imisa,
Sedegebmac daadastura (benJamini 1979:1-23), rom
pozitiuria Tu negatiuri, ukukavSiri ganamtkicebs
qcevas, Tu igi sasurveli qcevis komplementarul aspeqtebs Seicavs.
winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebia aRwerili literaturaSi aseve imasTan
dakavSirebiTac,
amJRavneben
Tu
zogadad
rogori
ukukavSirebis
individebi
mopovebis
interpersonaluri
tendencias
urTierTobebis
konteqstSi. kerZod, mecnierTaTvis davis sagnad gadaiqca, individebi
sakuTari me-koncefciis Sesabamis ukukavSirebs aniWeben upiratesobas, da
Sesabamisad, interaqtiul partnioradac im adamianebs irCeven, vinc aseTi
18
ukukavSirebiT
amaragebs
partniorad
individebis
im
maT
Tu
amjobineben
arCevas,
vinc
maT
interpersonalur
pozitiur,
sasurvel
ukukavSirebs awvdis.
am ori, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT konfliqturi qceviTi tendenciis
aRiareba
TavisTavad
moTxovnilebis
eyrdnoboda
Sesaxeb
interpersonaluri
pirovnebis
daSvebas,
jildos
(Seqeba,
ori
konfliqturi
romelTaganac
mxardaWera,
erT-erTi
daTanxmeba)
miRebis
moTxovnilebaa, xolo meore _ jildos adekvaturobis moTxovnileba.
mkvlevarebma,
romlebic
socialuri
ganmtkicebis
popularul
koncefcias uWerdnen mxars es sakiTxi, cxadia, pozitiuri Sefasebis
miRebis
moTxovnilebis
mkvlevarebi,
pozitiuri
rogoric
Sefasebis
sasargeblod
aris
gadawyvites.
makdugali
miRebis
da
kofka
moTxovnilebas
kerZod,
(sveni...
qcevis
iseTi
1989:782-791)
ganmsazRvrel
funqcias aniWebdnen ( makdugali mas “mTavar motivs” uwodebs, kofka ki
Zalas, “romelic ubiZgebs egos amaRlebisaken”). olporti (olporti 1937:
134)
Tvlida,
rom
TviTwaxaliseba,
TviTgaZliereba
(self-enhancement)
adamianis arsebobis centraluri, ZiriTadi mizania.
am konteqstSi Catarebul kvlevaTa empiriuli monacemebi mxars
uWeren martivi TviTwaxalisebis Teorias anu mosazrebas, rom adamianebi
Tanabrad amJRavneben TviTwaxalisebis moTxovnilebas miuxedavad imisa,
pozitiuri me-warmodgenebi metad axasiaTebT, Tu negatiuri (oloi... 1988:
223-265; baumeisteri 1982:3-26, bridli 1978:56-71; bridli 1978:56-71; kempbeli
1986:281-294), rogorc, magaliTad kompensatoruli TviTwaxalisebis momxre
mkvlevarebi Tvlidnen.
TviTSemowmebis
Teoriis
(self-verification)
mimdevari
mkvlevarebi
daeyrdnen interpersonaluri qcevis socialuri Sefasebis adekvaturobiT
gansazRvris
ideas,
romelic,
TviTkonsistentobisa
da
Teoriebis tradiciebs asaxavs (aronsoni 1969:1-34) da
adamianebi
iswrafvian
koncefciebi
SeinarCunon
(me-warmodgenebi)
da
maTi
ganamtkicon
Sesabamisi,
balansis
amtkicebs, rom
Tavisi
myari
me-
damadasturebeli
ukukavSirebis mopovebis gziT. Aamdenad, adamianebs sWirdebaT, rom sxvebi
maT
aRiqvamdnen
ise,
rogorc
isini
TviTon
aRiqvamen
sakuTar
Tavs,
miuxedavad imisa, rom amisaTvis SesaZloa aucilebeli gaxdes sxvaTaTvis
19
sakuTari
naklovanebebisa
da
susti
mxareebis
gandoba
(baumeisteri...
1985:1447-1457; baumeisteri 1982:3-26).
literaturaSi
hipoTezas,
rom
TviTSemowmebis
qcevaze.
aRwerilia
uamravi
socialuri
survilma
magaliTad,
romlebic
urTierTobebis
SesaZloa
rigi
kvleva,
zemoqmedeba
kvlevebi
adasturebs
nebismier
etapze
moaxdinos
adasturebs,
rom
individis
adamianebi
upiratesobas aniWeben interaqtiul partniors, romlis mier miwodebuli
ukukavSiri Seesabameba subieqtis me-koncefcias; cdiloben miiRon mekoncefciis
Sesabamisi
ukukavSirebi;
met
yuradRebas
aqceven
aseT
ukukavSirebs; me-koncefciis Sesabamis ukukavSirebs axasiaTeben, rogorc
zust
da
diagnostikuri
mniSvnelobis
mqones
anu
informaciuls
da
sandos (adamsi... 1964:19-25; leventali... 1969:300-305; leventali... 1969:295-296;
sveni... 1982:59-66). amavedros, rogorc ukve avRniSneT, mravali kvleva
adasturebs popularul koncefcias, kerZod sawinaaRmdego mosazrebas,
romlis mixedviTac, rac ufro damajildovebelia ukukavSiris wyaro, miT
ufro met yuradRebas aqcevs mas individi da miT ufro didia misi
interaqtiul partniorad arCevis albaToba (brislini... 1968:976; valsteri
1970:248-253; valsteri... 1966:508-516).
b) motivaciis sfero
motivaciuri procesebis Seswavlaze mimarTuli kvlevebic xSirad
adastureben
sruliad
gaZliereba/Sesustebaze
magram
maT
socialur
ganxilvamde
dakavSirebul
im
sapirispiro
ukukavSirTa
mniSvnelovania
ZiriTad
mosazrebebs
cnebebSi
TviT
garkveva,
motivaciis
zemoqmedebis
Sesaxeb,
motivaciur
procesTan
romlebic
socialur
fsiqologiaSi garegani da Sinagani motivaciis terminebSi ganixileba da
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT am cnebaTa calsaxad gagebis sirTulesTan
aris dakavSirebuli.
dasavlur
motivaciaze,
meore
_
fsiqologiur
romelTaganac
Sinagani
anu
literaturaSi
erTi
garemoebiTaa
pirovnul
msjeloba
ori
saxis
ganpirobebuli,
xolo
dispoziciebTan
dakavSirebuli
faqtorebiT, motivaciis eqsperimentuli fsiqologiis Seqmnidanve daiwyo
20
(heqhauzeni
1986:17).
amdenad,
motivaciis
cnebaTa
Sinagani
zusti
(intrinsic)
gansazRvrisa
da
da
garegani
(extrinsic)
erTmaneTisagan
naTlad
gamijvnis sakiTxi fsiqologTa xangrZlivi interesis sagans warmoadgens
(atkinsoni
1964:56;
hanti
1965:32;
ganxorcielebuli mravali
da
praqtikuli
koCi
1956:13),
rac
am
mizniT
mcdelobis Sedegad warmoSobil Teoriuli
xasiaTis
problemebs
ukavSirdeba.
magaliTad,
iangis
cnobili ganmartebis mixedviT, (iongi 1961:171), Tu situaciaSi moiazreba
individisaTvis damakmayofilebeli specifikuri mizani, romelic TviTon
aqtivobisagan damoukidebelia, qcevas gareganad motivirebili ewodeba.
meoremxriv, aqtivobas, romlic TviTSenarCunebadia anu TavisTavad aris
Rirebuli
individisaTvis,
konceftualuri
Sinaganad
mimzidvelobis
motivirebuli
miuxedavad,
es
ewodeba.
ganmarteba,
garkveul
kiTxvebs badebs. pirvel da ufro mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens
is,
rom
fenomeni
problema
ki
am
mdgomareobs,
ubralod
dasaxelebulia
fenomenis
alternatiuli
romelic
(daswavlis
Teoria)
Tavdapirvelad
araiSviaTad
eyrdnoba
neitralur
da
da
ara
axsnis
meoradi
(stimuli)
meore
SesaZleblobaSi
ganmtkicebis
gulisxmobs
gamRizianebels
axsnili,
cnebas
process,
roca
ganmamtkicebeli
funqcia eniWeba ZiriTad manmamtkicebelTan asocirebis Sedegad. amdenad,
Sinaganad
motivirebuli
Tavdapirvelad
mniSvneloba
qceva
neitraluri
SeiZina
SeiZleba
aqtivoba,
garkveul
ganvixiloT,
romelmac
ganmamtkicebel
rogorc
damoukidebeli
mizanTan
asociaciuri
kavSiris Sedegad.
zogierTi mkvlevaris, magaliTad deCarmzis azriT (de Carmsi 1968:
328)
Sinagani
da
garegani
motivaciis
gansazRvra
damokidebulia
personaluri kauzalobis percefciaze. igi eyrdnoba Sinagani motivaciis
mimarT ufro ganzogadebul midgomas, kerZod, bemis (bemi 1967:105-121; bemi
1970:11;
bemi
1972:1-62)
TviT-percefciis
Teorias,
romlis
mixedviTac
individi sakuTari Sinagani mdgomareobis Sesaxeb askvnis sakuTar qcevasa
ad
im
konteqstze
dakvirvebis
Sedegad,
romelSic
mocemul
qcevas
amJRavnebs.
TviTpercefciis
1918:104),
romelic
Teorias
Tvlis,
eyrdnoba
rom
agreTve
TviT-percefcia
vudvorci
warmoadgens
(vudvorsi
process,
21
romlis saSualebiTac adamiani sakuTari qcevis mizansa da miRwevis
saSualebas Soris mimarTebas amyarebs da aanalizebs. amdenad, Sinagan
motivaciasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca saSualebebi pozitiuria, mizani ki_
negatiuri
an
neitraluri. garegan
motivaciasTan
gvaqvs saqme, roca
saSualebebi negatiuri an neitraluria, xolo mizani ki _ pozitiuri.
Teoriuli
TvalsazrisiT
SemoTavazebuli
garemoebas,
arc
ganmartebebia
rom
bihevioristulad
rig
deCarmzisa
unaklo,
mkvlevarebSi
moazrovne
Tu
da
vudvorcis
gaviTvaliswinebT
(gansakuTrebiT
mklevarebs)
mier
individis
es
im
exeba
TviTaRqmaze
dayrdnoba seriozul undoblobas iwvevs. garda amisa, TviTpercefciis
Teoria Sinagani da garegani motivaciis gansazRvrisas eyrdnoba TviT
individis
mier
atribucias,
rogoric
sakuTari
rac
aris,
ar
qcevis
interpretacias
iTvaliswinebs
magaliTad
dacviTi
iseT
anu
e.w.
fsiqologiur
atribuciis
fenomeni,
kauzalur
movlenebs,
romelsac
adamianebi arc Tu ise iSviaTad mimarTaven yoveldRiur cxovrebasa da
eqsperimentul situaciebSic (zurofi 1980:130-146).
amdenad,
motivaciis
Sinagan
da
garegan
procesebad
dayofis
tendenciasTan dakavSirebuli diskusiebisa da motivaciis Seswavlaze
orientirebul
kvlevaTa
analizis
safuZvelze
(heqhauzeni
1986:78)
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom am cnebebis daSveba pirobiTia da sinamdvileSi
adamianis qmedebebi da maT safuZvlad mdebare survilebi Tu zraxvebi
yovelTvis Sinaganadaa ganpirobebuli, Tumca es Sinagani ganpirobeba
SeiZleba
ramdenadme
damokidebuli
iyos
garegan
faqtorebze
anu
gamowveul iqnes garegani stimulebiT. Sesabamisad, roca fsiqologiur
literaturaSi axseneben garegan motivebsa da motivacias, mkvlevarebs
mxedvelobaSi aqvT an garemoeba (aqtualuri pirobebi, romlebic gavlenas
axdenen ama Tu im qcevis efeqturobaze), an garegani faqtorebi, romlebic
zemoqmedeben gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da motivis Zalaze (magaliTad,
jildo). am mosazrebas iziareben rigi mkvlevarebi, magaliTad i. ilini
(ilini 2004:89) Tvlis, rom gareganma faqtorebma SesaZloa xeli Seuwyon
motivaciuri procesis aRZvras anu zemoqmedeba moaxdinon pirovnebis
dispoziciur faqtorebze (moTxovnilebebze, interesze da a.S.), magram
uSualod, am faqtorTa gverdis avliT motivaciur process ver aRZraven.
22
Sesabamisad,
motivaciis
sinamdvileSi
msjeloben
romlebic
zemoqmedebs
igulisxmeba
sakiTxebiT
Sinagani
da
motivaciur
pirovnul
dainteresebuli
garegani
stimulaciis
procesze.
dispoziciebTan
mkvlevarebi
Sinagan
Sesaxeb,
stimulaciaSi
dakavSirebuli
faqtorebi:
moTxovnilebebi, ganwyobebi, interesebi, miswrafebebi, survilebi, xolo
garegani
stimulacia
ganmamtkicebel
gulisxmobs
faqtorebs
aqtualur
(jildo,
fuli,
situaciaSi
arsebul
me-koncefciis
Secvlis
safrTxe da a.S.), romlebic Tavismxriv dispoziciur faqtorebze gavlenis
ganxorcielebis gziT zemoqmedebs motivaciur procesze (xels uwyobs
mis aRZvras, aZlierebs an cvlis ukve aRZrul process).
zemoTTqmulidan gamomdinare, motivaciuri procesisaTvis Sinagani
da
garegani
gaemijnaT
xasiaTis
miweriT
moTxovnilebis,
mecnierebma
survilisa
Tu
scades
erTmaneTisagan
ganwyobis
damoukideblad
aqtualizirebis procesi maTi garegan faqtorTa xelSewyobiT aRZvris
procesisgan, rasac garkveuli TvalsazrisiT principuli mniSvneloba
aqvs. kerZod, relevantur kvlevaTa analizi (heqhauzeni 1986:78) safuZvels
gvaZlevs
vifiqroT,
rom
garegani
da
Sinagani
motivaciis
cnebebis
SemoReba warmoadgens im Sinagan faqtorTa funqcionalur gansxvavebebze
miniSnebis
mcdelobas,
romelTa
aqtualizebac
xdeba
konkretul
situaciaSi. magaliTad, am kvlevebSi Sinaganad motivirebulad iTvleba
qceva, romlis mizansac warmoadgens axlis Zieba, Semecneba, Semoqmedeba,
SesaZleblobaTa
gafarToeba,
garToba,
amocanis
Sesrulebisagan
siamovnebis miReba, rac fsiqologiur literaturaSi asocirebulia e.w
pirovnul
zrdaze,
ganviTarebaze
mimarTul
moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofilebasTan (harvei... 1974:360-366). gareganad motivirebuli qceva ki
gulisxmobs
iseT
Sinagan
faqtorTa
aqtualizirebas,
romelTa
funqciasac adaftacia anu fizikuri, socialuri da pirovnuli statusis
gamyareba/SenarCuneba
warmoadgens
(jildos,
fulis,
socialuri
gamarTlebis an aRiarebis miReba, diskreditaciis safrTxis an sxva saxis
diskomfortis
Tavidan
arideba),
rac
asocirebulia
sasicocxlod
mniSvnelovani, maT Soris usafrTxoebisa da aRiarebis moTxovnilebis
aRZvrasTan.
23
aRniSnuli
mosazreba
moTxovnilebebisa
da,
gansxvavebuli
Sesabamisad
ori
funqciis
tipis
ganviTarebaze mimarTuli motivaciis Sesaxeb
_
mqone
Seguebasa
da
konceftualur donezea
ayvanili a. maslous TviTaqtualizaciis TeoriaSi (maslou 1997:44), sadac
TviTSenarCunebaze,
konformulobis,
Seguebaze
usafrTxoebis,
mimarTul
(Zilisa
da
pasuxismgeblobisagan
dasvenebis,
ganTavisuflebis
da a.S.) moTxovnilebaTa aRZvras avtori "jansaR regresias" uwodebs
(maslou 1997:213). maslou Tvlis, rom "jansaRi regresia" individisaTvis
iseTive aucilebel da sasargeblo tendencias warmoadgens, rogorc
ganviTarebisaken
adamianis
swrafva,
ZiriTad
Tumca
mizans
TviTaqtualizaciis
warmoadgens,
am
xarisxi,
ukanaskneli
rac
tendenciiT
ganisazRreba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom maslous koncefcia ori tipis motivaciis
Sesaxeb sakmaod damajereblad gamoiyureba TviTaqtualizaciis Teoriis
konteqstSi,
motivaciis
gansazRvris
kriteriumad
funqcionaluri gansxvavebulobis gamoyeneba
moTxovnilebaTa
Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT
mainc ar aris gamarTlebuli. pirvel rigSi, eWvs badebs moTxovnilebisa
Tu sxva Sinagani faqtorebisaTvis erTi gansazRvruli funqciis miniWeba,
radganac
TviTgadarCenis
motiviT
ganxorcielebuli
SesaZloa
pirovnebis ganviTarebasac uwyobdes
qceva
savsebiT
xels da piriqiT anu
SesaZloa erTi da igive moTxovnileba orive funqcias asrulebdes. garda
amisa,
zogierT
moTxovnilebasTan
dakavSirebiT
arsebobs
garkveuli
SeuTanxmeblobac mkvlevarTa Soris imis Taobaze, Tu romeli funqcia
unda mieweros mas. magaliTad, aRiarebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba
zogierTi
adleri
1930:398)
TviTSenarCunebas, ukeTes Seguebas anu deficitis daZlevas
isaxavs
miznad,
mkvlevaris
rac
azriT
sabolood
(maslou
homeostazis
1997:213;
aRdgenas
emsaxureba,
sxva
mkvlevarebi ki mas pirovnuli ganviTarebis funqcias miaweren (berni
1998:7-15).
rogorc
vxedavT,
dakavSirebuli
gadaulaxavia,
sirTuleebs
ori
Teoriuli
Tumca
saxis
motivaciis
xasiaTis
praqtikuli
arsebobis
problemebi
faqtiurad
TvalsazrisiTac
uqmnis mkvlevarebs, rac, ZiriTadad
daSvebasTan
aseTi
dRemde
midgoma
Sinagani motivaciis
24
pirobebis
eqsperimentulad
SeuZlebelia
imis
Seqmnas
gamoricxva,
ukavSirdeba.
rom,
adamians
kerZod,
xSirad
sinamdvileSi
garegani
jildos molodini aqvs da amdenad am molodiniTaa motivirebuli. es
molodini SesaZloa ganpirobebuli iyos warsulSi mocemuli aqtivobis
(an
msgavsi
aqtivobis)
procesSi
miRebuli
gamocdilebiT.
SesaZloa
agreTve situacia Seicavdes garkveul niSnebs (maxasiaTeblebs), romlebic
aRZravs individSi molodins, rom aqtivoba dajildovdeba (situaciis
garkveuli
maxasiaTeblebi
SesaZloa
subieqtma
jildos
miRebis
maniSneblad miiCnios). im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca subieqti molodins ver
acnobierebs
(anu
ara
aqvs
kognituri
molodini),
mis
Sesrulebaze
SesaZloa zegavlena moaxdinos adrindeli gamocdilebis pirobebma. am
SemTxvevaSic ar SeiZleba qcevas Sinaganad motivirebuli vuwodoT.
amgvarad,
SesaZloa
Sinagani
da
garegani
motivaciis
cnebaTa
fsiqologiur mecnierebaSi Semotana da damkvidreba rogorc Teoriuli,
aseve
praqtikuli
gansazRvrisa
aCvenebs,
da
rom
TvalsazrisiT
gamijvnis
gaumarTlebelia,
zemoT
mkvlevarebi
ganxiluli
Sinagan
magram
am
cnebaTa
mcdelobebi
naTlad
motivaciaSi
gulisxmoben
moTxovnilebis, interesis, ganwyobisa Tu survilis aRZvris process,
romlis
provocirebac
ar
xdeba
konkretul
garemoSi
arsebuli
stimulebiT, xolo Sinaganad motivirebulad miiCneven qcevas, romlis
makontrolirebeli
stimulebic
mocemul
garemoSi
ar
aris
identificirebuli. Sesabamisad, garegani motivacia CvenTvis saintereso
kvlevaTa konteqstSi gulisxmobs moTxovnilebis, interesis, ganwyobisa
Tu survilis aRZvris process, romelic provocirebulia konkretul
garemoSi arsebuli stimulebis saSualebiT, gareganad motivirebulad ki
SeiZleba
CaiTvalos
qceva,
romlis
makontrolirebeli
stimulebic
identificirebulia aqtualur situaciaSi (uiliamsi 1980:599-614).
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, motivaciur procesze verbalur socialur
ukukavSirTa zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb kvlevaTa Sedegebi winaaRmdegobriv
xasiaTs atarebda. pirvel rigSi mniSvnelovania im kvlevaTa ganxilva,
romelTa Sedegebic zogadad garegani stimulebis (maT Soris verbalur
socialur
kvlevaTa
ukukavSirTa)
Soris
Sinagan
mravalma
motivaciaze
daadastura,
rom
zemoqmedebas
aqtualur
exeba.
Mam
situaciaSi
25
aqtivobis
wamaqezebeli
motivacias
am
stimulis
aqtivobis
manipulireba
mimarT
amcirebs,
individis
garegani
Sinagan
stimulis
manipulirebis gareSe ki Sinagani motivacia Zlierdeba (karlsmiti... 1966:113; linderi... 1967:245-254; helmreixi... 1969:117-125). es fenomeni socialur
fsiqologiaSi
"sakmarisze
saxelwodebiT
aris
meti
cnobili.
gamarTlebis"
igi
(overjustification)
efeqtis
Sesrulebis
xarisxis
gulisxmobs
Semcirebas, rac mosdevs Tavdapirvelad “Sinaganad motivirebuli” qcevis
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi garegani ganmtkicebis (dajildovebis)
manipulacias.
am
efeqtis
damajerebloba
ar
aRiares
ganmtkicebis
Teoriis warmomadgenlebma (uiliamsi 1980:599-614). isini Tvlidnen, rom igi
faqtiurad
uaryofs
ganmtkicebis
arss,
romlis
mixedviTac
jildos
manipulireba mxolod ganamtkicebs qcevas, xolo dajildovebis gareSe
qcevis
ganxorcielebis
albaToba
TandaTanobiT
Semcirdeba,
rac
dadasturda uamrav kvlevaSi (devidsoni... 1978:222-234; fari 1976:294-307;
feingoldi... 1975:367-377; hamneri... 1975:398-415), sadac avtorebma saerTod ver
miiRes
aRniSnuli
sixSiris
(“sakmarisze
Tavdapirvel
meti
mdgomareobamde
gamarTlebis”)
Semcirebis
efeqti.
qcevis
demonstrirebis
faqtebi jildos moSorebis pirobebSi mravaljer dadasturda Terapiul
konteqstSic
(agrasi...
1968:423-427;
eiloni...
1964:87-97).
garda
amisa,
cnobilia kvlevebi, sadac miiRes "sakmarisze meti gamarTlebis" efeqti
jildos manipulirebis gareSec (leperi... 1975:479-486; emebaili... 1976:92-98).
amrigad, rig kvlevaTa Sedegebi amtkicebdnen, rom individis Sinagani
motivacia
garkveuli
aqtivobis
mimarT
am
aqtivobis
dajildovebis
SemTxvevaSi izrdeba, sxva kvlevebi ki sapirispiro mosazrebas uWerda
mxars.
winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebi iqna miRebuli agreTve kvlevebSi, sadac
avtorebi
jildos saxiT verbalur socialur ukukavSirs iyenebdnen.
magaliTad, ramodenime kvlevaSi dadasturda, rom pozitiuri socialuri
ukukavSiri
aZlierebs
Sinagan
motivacias
ukukavSiris
gareSe
situaciasTan SedarebiT (deci 1971:105-115; deci 1972:113-120; blanki... 1984:369387;
daineri...
1980:940-952),
Tumca
bavSvebTan
es
efeqti
ufro
susti
aRmoCnda: zogierTi kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT pozitiuri ukukavSiris
efeqti Zlieri aRmoCnda Sinagan motivaciaze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT
26
(andersoni...
1976:915-922;
bojiano...
1979:1462-1468),
sxva
adasturebs pozitiuri ukukavSiris manipulirebis
kvlevebi
ki
ar
efeqts (daineri...
1981:1043-1052; dolingeri... 1978:1259-1269).
bavSvebTan
da
kolejis
studentebTan
Catarebul
zemoTaRniSul
kvlevebSi agreTve dadasturda, rom pozitiuri socialuri ukukavSiri
aZlierebs Sinagan motivacias iseT xelSesaxeb jildosTan SedarebiT,
rogoricaa, vTqvaT, fuli (andersoni... 1976:915-922; dolingeri... 1978:12591269;
harakiviCi
1979:1352-1363),
Tumca
rigi
kvlevebi
sawinaaRmdego
mosazrebasac amtkicebda (grini... 1974:114-1145; noTzi 1975:884-891; leperi...
1973:129-137). cnobilia kvlevebi,
pozitiuri ukukavSiri
romelTa Sedegebic miuTiTebda, rom
ufro efeqturia e.w. simbolur jildoebTan
(magaliTad, oqros varskvlavebTan) SedarebiT
Tumca
zogierTma
simboluri
mkvlevarma
jildoebi
verbaluri
iseve
(dolinjeri...
aZlierebs
Seqebis
saxiT
vxedavT,
verbaluri
(daineri... 1981:1043-1052),
1978:1259-1269)
Sinagan
warmodgenili
aCvena,
motivacias,
pozitiuri
rom
rogorc
socialuri
ukukavSiri.
rogorc
dispoziciursa
Sedegebis
Tu
qceviT
aspeqtebze
arakonsistenturoba,
aucileblobas
tendenciebis
mainc
qmnis.
ganxilva
socialuri
sul
zemoqmedebis
mcire,
amavedros,
dagvexmareba
ukukavSiris
am
im
am
Sesaxeb
sxvadasxva
kvlevaTa
SeusabamobaTa
mimarTulebiT
winapirobebis
axsnis
arsebuli
gagebaSic,
romlebic verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris implicituri aspeqtebiT
mkvlevarTa dainteresebis mizezi gaxda.
27
1.2.
erTgvarovan
socialur
ukukavSirebze
individTa
gansxvavebuli
reagirebis axsnis mcdelobebi socialur fsiqologiaSi
1.2.1.
socialur
ukukavSirTa
zegavlenis
Sesaxeb
winaaRmdegobriv
monacemTa axsna dispoziciuri faqtorebiT
socialur
ukukavSirTa
zegavlenis
kanonzomierebebis
Sesaxeb
gansxvavebuli da xSirad sapirispiro monacemebis axsna bevrma mklevarma
dispoziciur
faqtorTa
analizis
saSualebiT
scada.
magaliTad,
erTgvarovan socialur ukukavSirebze gansxvavebul reagirebas zogierTi
mkvlevari
kauzalur
atribuciebSi
gansxvavebebs
miawers.
am
mxriv
cnobilia daswavlili umweobis fenomenis Seswavlaze mimarTuli rigi
kvlevebi (bensoni 1976:138-145; goeci... 1980:246-255; daieneri... 1980:940-952;
rosi... 175:680-691; zurofi 1980:130-146), romelTa Sedegebic amtkicebs, rom
erTgvarovan ukukavSirebze reagirebas miRwevis situaciebSi gansazRvravs
Sedegis individiseuli interpretacia anu is, Tu ras daabralebs TviTon
adamiani warmatebas an warumateblobas. E
e.w.
atribuciis
efeqti
gamomJRavnda
socialur
situaciebSic.
magaliTad goecisa da dvekis (goeci... 1980:246-255) klevaSi im c.p.-rebma,
romelnic uaryofas sakuTari arakompedenturobiT xsnidnen, gamoavlines
minimaluri
mopovebis
konstruqciuli
Semdgom
cvlilebebi
mcdelobebSi
ad
socialuri
naklebad
mxardaWeris
gamoxates
Sesabamis
ukukavSirTa mopovebis meored cdis survili (maTi realuri socialuri
kompedenturobisa ad popularobis xarisxis miuxedavad).
dispoziciuri
faqtoriT,
kerZod,
TviTSefasebis
gansxvavebuli
doniT scada zogierTma mkvlevarma aexsna individis mier pozitiur da
me-koncefciis
Sesabamis
ukukavSirTagan
erT-erTisaTvis
upiratesobis
miniWebis faqtebi. kerZod, ditesis (ditesi 1959:77-82) da jonsis (jonsi
1973:185-199) kvlevebis Sedegebma aCvena, rom dabali TviTSefasebis mqone
individTa
moTxovnileba
miiRon
Seqeba
da
mxardaWera
sxva
adamianebisagan anu pozitiuri ukukavSiris miRebis survili mZafrdeba.
amdenad,
maTTvis
uCveulod
maRali,
daumsaxurebeli
Seqebis
miRebac
sasurvelia, ris gamoc isini araadekvturad maRali Sefasebis wyaros
mimarT
ufro
pozitiur
atituds
amJRavneben
da
interpersonalur
28
partnioradac mas irCeven. maRali TviTSefasebis mqone individebi ki
adekvaturi
Sefasebis
moTxovnilebas
ufro
amJRavneben
da,
Sedegad,
upiratesobas adekvaturi Sefasebis wyaros aniWeben.
pozitiur (Seqeba) da me-koncefciis Sesabamis ukukavSirTagan erTerTisaTvis
doneze
upiratesobis
miniWebis
damokidebuleba
gamovlinda miRwevis situaciebSi
TviTSefasebis
Catarebul rig kvlevebSic
(spense... 1967:29-38; milburni... 1970:43-47), sadac Seiswavlidnen Seqebisa da
gakicxvis
gavlenas
daswavlis
xarisxze,
Tumca,
rogorc
Semdgomi
kvlevebiT dadasturda, individis mier pozitiursa da me-koncefciis
Sesabamis
ukukavSirTagan
erT-erTisaTvis
upiratesobis
miniWebas
gansazRvravs ara globaluri TviTSefasebis done, aramed konkretuli,
specifikuri
TviTrwmenebi
individiseuli
mniSvnelovan
Sefaseba),
(specifikuri
romlebic
komponentebs
Tvisebebisa
globaluri
warmoadgenen,
magram
da
unarebis
TviTSefasebis
amavedros
misgan
damoukidebeli erTeulebi arian (sveni... 1989:782-791; brokneri... 1978:564-578).
zogierTma
mkvlevarma
ganmamtkiceblebis,
maT
Sesrulebis
Soris
xarisxze
verbalur
sxvadasxva
socialur
tipis
ukukavSirTa
gansxvavebuli zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebis miReba
TviTon
amocanis
magaliTad,
mniSvnelovnebis
riCard
sorensenis
ugulvebelyofis
Tavis
kvleva
tendenciiT
(sorenseni
axsna.
1976:1155-1160)
amtkicebs, rom miRwevis situaciebSi Sesrulebis xarisxze socialur
ukukavSirTa
gavlena
ramdenadme
damokidebulia
imaze,
Tu
ramdenad
mniSvnelovania amocanis Sesruleba TviTon subieqtisaTvis. mkvlevari
aRniSnavs,
rom
mniSvnelovneba
ganmtkicebuli
sxvadasxva
aqtivobis
aTvisebis
individisTvis
(dauflebis)
SesaZloa
sruliad
gansxvavebuli aRmoCndes. magaliTad, sxvadasxva disciplinis konteqstSi
(maTematika, enebi ad a.S.) unar-Cvevebis dauflebas bavSvisTvis SesaZloa
gansxvavebuli
mniSvneloba
hqondes.
amdenad
sxvadasxva
aqtivobis
dauflebac (magaliTad maTematikuri amocanis amoxsna) gansxvavebulad
Rirebuli iqneba imisda mixedviT, Tu romel disciplinas Seesabameba es
aqtivoba.
rogorc
gansxvavebuli
vxedavT,
verbalur
reagirebis
socialur
amxsnel
ukukavSirebze
dispoziciur
individTa
faqtorad
rigi
29
mkvlevarebi asaxelebdnen TviTSefasebas, sxvebi _ kauzalur atribucias
da
aqtivobis
kvlevebi,
(amocanis)
sadac
kontrolis
mniSvnelovnebas
winaaRmdegobrivi
lokusis
(basgali...
guneba-ganwyobilebis
individisaTvis.
Sedegebis
miReba
1988:656-662)
(forgasi...
cnobilia
miewereba
ugulebelyofas
1987:53-60;
esesi
c.p.-Ta
an
maTi
1989:769-781)
gauTvaliswineblobas.
zogierTi
mkvlevari
socialur
ukukavSirebze
gansxvavebul
reaqciebs ara erTi, aramed ori an ramodenime dispoziciuri faqtoris
urTierTzemoqmedebiTac xsnida. magaliTad,
zemoqmedebaze
kauzalur
individTa
atribuciebze
gansxvavebuli
zemoqmedebas
lin oldenma socialur
reagireba
miawera
SfoTvis
(aldeni
donis
1987:100-106).
klinikuri dakvirvebebisa da empiriuli kvlevebis safuZvelze zogierTma
sxva mkvlevarmac daadastura, rom individebi, romelTac qronikulad
SfoTvis
maRali
done
axasiaTebT,
advilad iReben
pasuxismgeblobas
sakuTari qcevis negatiur gamosavalze da iSviaTad _ warmatebaze im
individebisgan
gansxvavebiT,
romelTac
SfoTva
naklebad
axasiaTebT
(aldeni 1984:607-618; andersoni... 1983:127-136; erkini... 1980:23-25). Sesabamisad,
maRali SfoTvis mqone individebi pozitiuri socialuri ukukavSiris
miRebaze pasuxismgelobas ar iReben, negatiuri socialuri ukukavSiris
miRebaSi ki swored sakuTar Tavs adanaSauleben, rac kidev ufro zrdis
maTi
SfoTvis
dones
da
socialuri
situaciebisagan
ganridebis
tendencias (jirodo... 1981:325-338; peplau... 1979:139-147).
ramodenime
dispoziciuri
mniSvnelovneba
socialur
faqtoris
ukukavSirebze
urTierTzemoqmedebis
individis
reaqciebis
gansazRvraSi dadasturda sxva kvlevebiTac. magaliTad, jein marekma da
devid
meteim
(marici...
1972:98-107)
Seiswavles
socialur
ukukavSirTa
zegavlena amocanis Sesrulebis xarisxze TviTSefasebis gansxvavebuli
donis mqone individebTan da aRmoaCines, rom socialur ukukavSirebze
c.p.-Ta
reagireba,
ganisazRvreba
maTi
rac
gamoixateba
kontrolis
Sesrulebis
lokusiT,
xarisxis
TviTSefasebis
SecvliT,
doniT
da
individTa darwmunebulobis xarisxiT sakuTar TviTSefasebaSi.
30
1.2.2.
socialur
monacemTa
ukukavSirTa
axsna
zegavlenis
situaciuri
Sesaxeb
faqtorebiT
anu
winaaRmdegobriv
garemoSi
arsebul
stimulTa zemoqmedebiT
socialuri
zegavlenis
TaviseburebebiT
mkvlevarma
erTgvarovan
reagirebis
damadasturebeli
stimulebis
anu
SesaZloa
socialur
nawilobriv,
ukukavSirebze
faqtebis
situaciuri
dainteresebulma
axsna
faqtorebis
gansxvavebuli
garemoSi
zemoqmedebiT
eqsperimentalur
socialur
arsebuli
xangrZlivi
bihevioraluri
tradiciebiT,
zogadad,
socialuri
garemos
mravalmxrivi,
ukanaskneli
garemoeba
arsebuli
scada,
rac,
fsiqologiaSi
nawilobriv
rTuli
bevrma
ki
bunebiTa
_
aris
ganpirobebuli.
SesaZloa,
es
aseve
pasuxs
agebs
im
situaciuri aspeqtebis raodenobriv simravlezec, romelnic sxvadasxva
kvlevis
mixedviT
gamomwvev
socialur
faqtorebad
aris
ukuavSirebze
dasaxelebuli.
gansxvavebuli
reagirebis
magaliTad,
socialuri
urTierTobebis sferoSi Catarebuli rigi kvlevebis mixedviT erTerT
aseT faqtors warmoadgens interpersonalur partniorTan urTierTobis
mosalodneli xangrZlivoba (miti... 1974:156). am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa
hovardis da fridmanis (fridmani 1976:686-690) kvleva, sadac avtorebma
scades im pirobebis gansazRvra, romlebic pasuxs agebs pirovnebis mier
araadekvaturad
maRali
jildos
wyaros
gansxvavebulad
aRqmaze
da
aRmoaCines, rom
araadekvaturad maRali jildos (pozitiuri Sefasebis)
gansxvavebuli aRqma ZiriTadad mainc ganisazRvreba jildos wyarosTan
mosalodneli momavali urTierTobis xangrZlivobiT. kerZod, kvlevis
Sedegad dadginda, rom individis TviTSefaseba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
gansazRvravs individis arCevans pozitiur da me-koncefciis Sesabamis
ukukavSirebs
Soris,
Tu
ukukavSiris
wyarosTan
urTierTobis
xangrZlivad gagrZelebaa mosalodneli anu Tu arCeul partniorTan
garkvuli drois dayofa erT-erT situaciur pirobas warmoadgens.
zogierTi
mkvlevari
verbalur
gansxvavebuli
reagirebis
dafuZvlad
wyarosTan
momavali
urTierTobis
socialur
miiCnevs
xangrZlivobas,
ukukavSirebze
ara
aramed
ukukavSiris
individis
31
kognituri
resursebis
Tavisuflebis
xarisxs.
am
mxriv
aRsaniSnavia
uiliam svonisa da misi kolegebis (sveni... 1989:782-791) kvleva, romelic
adasturebs,
rom
(igulisxmeba
situacia,
garkveul
kognituri
kognitur
resursebis
roca
c.p.-i
operaciebs
SezRudvis
amocanis
atarebs
pirobebSi
Sesrulebis
amocanisagan
manZilze
gansxvavebul
masalaze, magaliTad, imaxsovrebs garkveul informacias) individs ara
aqvs
sakuTari
me-koncefciis
Semowmebis
anu
miRebuli
ukukavSiris
sakuTar me-koncefciasTan Sedarebis SesaZlebloba, rac amcirebs mekoncefciis
Sesabamisi
ukukavSiris
miRebis
moTxovnilebas.
amitom
kognituri SezRudvis dros adamiani cdilobs daikmayofilos pozitiuri
Sefasebis miRebis (self-enhancing) moTxovnileba.
erTi
da
igive
ukukavSirebze)
socialur
konteqstze
(maT
Soris
socialur
gansxvavebuli reagirebis mizezad rigma mkvlevarebma
daasaxeles
specifikuri
CarTulobis
pirobebs
situaciuri
qmnis.
faqtorebi,
magaliTad,
romlebic
miRwevis
e.w.
ego-
situaciebTan
dakavSirebul rig kvlevaTa Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom individTa bunebrivi
atribuciebi, romlebic Sesabamis monacemTa mixedviT (mak greidi 1966:555560, mak kulersi 1960:439-445, stivensoni 1965:197) ramdenadme gansazRvravs
pirovnebis reaqcias socialur ukukavSirebze, SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad
Seicvalos garkveul garemoebaTa zemoqmedebis Sedegad, rac, Sesabamisad,
pirovnebis
socialur
ukukavSirebze
reagirebasac
cvlis.
magaliTad,
deil mileris kvlevam (mileri 1976:901-906), sadac manipulirebuli iyo
maRali da dabali ego-CarTulobis pirobebi (c.p.-Ta nawils amocana
warudgines,
rogorc
Semowmebis/dadgenis
inteleqtis
kargad
donis
an
aprobirebuli
socialuri
iaraRi,
unar-Cvevebis
danarCenebs
ki
_
rogorc axlad Seqmnili meTodika), savsebiT damajereblad daadastura
mosazreba,
kerZod
rom
individTa
warmoiSveba
atribuciuli
dacviTi
stili
atribucia,
iseT
sruliad
icvleba,
garemo
faqtorTa
manipulirebis Sedegad, romlebic ego-CarTulobis pirobebs qmnis, ramac
daadastura, rom individis qcevis motivis (magaliTad, sakuTar Tavze
warmodgenis dacvisa da gaumjobesebis motivis) intensivoba SeiZleba
ganpirobebuli
iyos
situaciuri
faqtorebiT
anu
dispoziciuri
faqtorebi (am SemTxvevaSi individis bunebrivi atribuciebi), romlebic
32
Sesabamis monacemTa mixedviT garkveulwilad gansazRvravs individis
reaqcias socialur ukukavSirze, Tavismxriv SeiZleba ganisazRvros, da,
Sesabamisad,
Sedegad,
Seicvalos
rac
garemoSi
gamoiwvevs
arsebuli
socialur
stimulebis
ukukavSirze
zemoqmedebis
individis
reaqciis
Secvlasac.
zogierTi mkvlevari (brikmeni... 1976:149-160) Tvlis, rom ama Tu im
aqtivobis momavalSi Sesrulebis mimarT individis motivaciaze verbalur
socialur
ukukavSirTa
zemoqmedebis
efeqturobas
gansazRvravs
informacia momavalSi individis mier aqtivobis Sesrulebis xarisxis
Sesaxeb,
risi
(magaliTad,
manipulirebac
ukukavSiriT,
SesaZlebelia
romelic
situaciuri
Seicavs
faqtorebiT
informacias
ori
Sesasrulebeli amocanis msgavsebis Sesaxeb an pirveli amocanis, rogorc
meores
Sesasruleblad
gavarjiSebis
saSualebis
Sesaxeb).
am
mxriv
aRsaniSnavia filip brikmanisa da misi Tanaavtorebis kvleva (brikmeni...
1976:149-160), sadac Semowmda verbalur ukukavSirTa efeqturoba momavalSi
mocemuli aqtivobis warmatebulad Sesrulebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli
informaciis Semcvelobis pirobebSi. kvlevis Sedegad dadasturda, rom
ukukavSiris
gavlena
momavalSi
Sesrulebis
xarisxze
damokidebulia
imaze, Tu ramdenad aRiqvams individi ukukavSirs momavalSi am aqtivobis
Sesrulebis relevantur maCveneblad.
amdenad,
momavalSi
individis
Sesrulebis
sawyisi
molodinebi
xarisxis
Sesaxeb,
garkveuli
romelic
aqtivobis
Cveulebriv,
damokidebulia Sinagan faqtorebze (TviTSefaseba, kontrolis lokusi da
a.S.) da garkveulwilad gansazRvaravs mis motivacias aqtivobis mimarT,
SesaZloa Tavismxriv, situaciuri faqtorebiT, garemo pirobebiTac
iqnes
manipulirebuli.
rigi mkvlevarebi
erTi da
igive saxis ganmtkicebis,
maT Soris
verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris gansxvavebul zemoqmedebas individis
Sesrulebis
xarisxze,
motivaciasa
da
atitudze,
xsnis
situaciis
garkveuli maxasiaTeblebiT, romelTac individi savaraudod negatiur
ganmtkicebad aRiqvams (igulisxmeba, iseTi garegani SezRudvebi, rogoric
aris Tvalyuris devneba, droSi SezRudva, Zaldataneba da a.S.). am mxriv
aRsaniSnavia
brius
uiliamsis
(uiliamsi
1980:599-614)
kvleva,
romlis
33
Sedegebic
amtkicebs,
daqveiTeba
SesaZloa
romlebic
individis
saSualeba
da
rom
aqtivobis
ganpirobebuli
mier
amdenad,
iyos
aRiqmeba,
negatiur
mimarT
individis
garemos
rogorc
misi
ganmamtkiceblebs
motivaciis
iseTi
aspeqtebiT,
qcevis
kontrolis
warmoadgens.
aseT
aspeqtebs ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, Tavisufali arCevanis SezRudva, rac
SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iqnes subieqtis molodiniT an SegrZnebiT, rom
sxva adamiani Seecdeba misi qcevis gakontrolebas (brehmi 1966:). TviTon
jildos
miRebis
SesaZleblobac
individisTvis
SesaZloa
Seicavdes
informacias an arapirdapirAminiSnebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra moeTxoveba
mas imisaTvis, rom jildo miiRos. jildos am komponents cnobili
mkvlevari orne qceviT SezRudvas an moTxovnas uwodebs (orni 1962:776783).
judit
harakievici
da
misi
kolegebi
(harakievici
1979:1352-1363)
verbalur socialur ukukavSirebze individTa gansxvavebul reagirebas
Sesrulebis Sefasebis molodiniT xsnian. maT mier Catarebuli kvlevis
Sedegebma
daadastura,
rom
Sesrulebaze
damokidebuli
SefasebiTi
komponenti amcirebs aqtivobis mimarT interess anu Sesrulebis xarisxis
Sefasebis
SesaZlebloba
amcirebs
motivacias
aqtivobis
mimarT
da,
piriqiT _ Tu Sefaseba moulodnelia da c.p.-ma winaswar ar icis, rom
misi Sesrulebis xarisxs Seafaseben, aqtivobis mimarT motivacia ar
mcirdeba.
daswavlili
umweobis
fenomenis
Seswavlaze
orientirebul
rig
kvlevebSic (hiroto... 1975:311-327; meieri... 1960:419-429; overmeieri... 1967:28-33;
seligmani 1975:3-7;
seligmani... 1967:1-9), sadac agreTve dasturdeba, rom
aqtivobis mimarT motivacia da Sesrulebis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad aris
damokidebuli
kontrolis
garegani
gancdis
kontrolis
gancdaze,
gamosawvevad
swored
mkvlevarebi
situaciur
garegani
faqtorTa
manipulirebas mimarTaven (seligmani... 1967:1-9; meieri... 1960:419-429), rac
gulisxmobs
garkveuli
garegani
stimulebis,
maT
Soris
socialur
ukukavSirTa imgvarad organizebas, romelic individSi iwvevs gancdas,
rom
Sedegi
individis
garemoebac,
sruliad
mxridan
rom
damoukidebelia
kontrols
mkvlevarTa
ar
Soris
aqtivobisagan,
eqvemdebareba.
daswavlili
da,
Sesabamisad,
sagulisxmoa
umweobis
is
fenomenis
34
gagebasTan
dakavSirebuli
situaciur
ganpirobebulobas
1976:138-145).
ramdenadac
daswavlili
umweobis
uTanxmoebebic
ZiriTadad
misi
(emlesi
1972:4-9;
ukavSirdeba
garegani
fenomenis
kontrolis
axsnis
gamowvevis
gancda,
ZiriTad
bensoni...
romelic
sayrden
ideas
warmoadgens, yvela relevantur SromaSi roteris (roteri... 1975:680-691)
kontrolis
lokusis
terminebSia
aRwerili
da
konceftualurad
kontrolis garegani lokusis cnebas (hiroto 1974:183-193) Seesabameba,
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom rigi mkvlevarebisa adasturebs kontrolis
lokusis
manipulirebis
SesaZleblobas
garemoSi
arsebul
stimulTa
specifikurad organizebis saSualebiT.
1.2.3. socialur ukukavSirTa maxasiaTeblebis arasakmarisi diferenciacia,
rogorc
maTi
zegavlenis
Sesaxeb
winaaRmdegobrivi
Sedegebis
ganmsazRvreli faqtori
rogorc zemoTaRwerili kvlevebidan Cans, erTgvarovan ukukavSirebze
individTa gansxvavebuli atituduri da qceviTi reagirebis asaxsnelad
mkvlevarebma winaaRmdegobriv monacemTa erTi/ramodenime dispoziciuri
maxasiaTeblis an garkveul situaciur faqtorTa zemoqmedebis analizs
mimarTes. amavedros, zemoTganxilul kvlevaTa Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom
erTi
da
igive
reaqcia
SeiZleba
dispoziciurma,
erTmaneTisagan
aseve
damoukideblad
ganapirobos,
rogorc
situaciurma
faqtorebma.
magaliTad,
socialur ukukavSirebze erTi da igive saxis reagireba,
vTqvaT aqtivobis mimarT motivaciis daqveiTeba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli
iyos,
rogorc
dispoziciuri
faqtoriT
_
bunebrivi
kauzaluri
atribuciiT, aseve situaciuri faqtorebiT _ am SemTxvevaSi
qceviTi
SezRudvebiT, rac karnaxobs individs, Tu rogor unda moiqces qebis,
mxardaWeris da a.S. misaRebad (Sesabamisad adamians uCndeba gancda, rom
viRac cdilobs marTos misi qceva). analogiurad, Sesrulebis xarisxisa
da
motivaciis
daqveiTeba
warumateblobis
SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba
gamoiwvios individis dabalma TviTSefasebam an kontrolis bunebrivad
gareganma
lokusma.
informaciuli
amavedros,
da
igive
kontrolis
efeqtis
gamowveva
procesTa
SesaZlebelia
manipulirebiT
35
(TviTmonitoringis
demonstrireba).
SesaZloa
deficiti
agreTve,
ganisazRvros
atitudebiT,
xolo
manipulirebiT.
am
ganmtkicebis
amocanis
erTimxriv,
ukanasknel
gaxdeba
dakavSirebuli
an
ara
misi
situaciaSi
individisTvis
interesebiT,
_
rwmenebiT
ego-CarTulobis
SemTxvevaSi
imis
atituduri
arakontrolirebadobis
mniSvnvnelovneba
meoremxriv
mniSvnelovani
mocemul
da
gamo,
cvlileba
mniSvnelovani
situaciis
individisaTvis
rom
moxda,
gaxda
da
amocana
masSi
interesebTan
aramed
imitom,
misi
rom
kompedenturobis
dadastureba, sakuTar Tavze ukeTesi warmodgenis Seqmna, rac amocanis
warmatebiT
SesrulebaSi
gamoixateba.
igive
SeiZleba
iTqvas
interpersonalur mimzidvelobasa da nebismier dispoziciur an qceviT
aspeqtze,
romlis
mimarTac
individebi
amJRavneben
gansxvavebebs
erTgvarovani socialuri stimulaciis pirobebSi.
zogierTma mkvlevarma ar gaiziara amgvari dihotomiuri midgoma da
socialuri zegavlenis araerTgvarovneba
situaciur da dispoziciur
faqtorTa
(urTierTobis
urTierTzegavleniT
xangrZlivobis
axsna
zegavlena
maRali/dabali
interpersonalur
TviTSefasebis
konteqstSi;
mosalodneli
mimzidvelobaze
ego-CarTulobis
situaciis
zegavlena individis bunebriv atribuciebze anu dacviTi atribuciebis
warmoqmna; qceviTi SezRudvebis, TviTmonitoringis deficitis, individis
mxridan arakontrolirebadi ganmtkicebis da sxva iseT garemo faqtorTa
zemoqmedeba kontrolis lokusze, romlis Sedegadac icvleba aqtivobis
mimarT individis motivacia da aqtivobis Sesrulebis xarisxi).
aRniSnuli
sakiTxisadmi
es
ukanaskneli
(interaqciuli)
midgoma,
romelic iTvaliswinebs rogorc dispoziciur, aseve garemo faqtorTa
zemoqmedebas,
SesaZloa
gacilebiT
zegavlenis
mravalferovnebasa
socialur
ukukavSirebze
garkveuli
konkretuli
dispoziciuri
situaciis
srulad
da
sirTules
marTlac
faqtorebi
specifikur
asaxavda
(individis
mniSvnelovnad
da
maTi
konteqstSi),
socialuri
reaqcias
gansazRvravs
urTierTzemoqmedeba
magram
amavedros,
urTierTsawinaaRmdego monacemebi, erTimxriv, da maTi axsnis amouwuravi
SesaZleblobebi,
maxasiaTeblebis
meoremxriv,
arasakmaris
ufro
miuTiTebda
diferenciaciasa
da,
aqedan
ukukavSirTa
gamomdinare,
36
zogierTi maTganis gauTvaliswineblobaze, ramac socialuri zegavlenis
Seswavlaze orientirebul mkvlevarTa yuradReba socialuri Sefasebis
naklebad
aSkara,
kvlevis
iwvevs
implicituri
konteqstSi
ara
aspeqtebisaken
impliciturs
aSkara Sefaseba,
vuwodebT
aramed
masSi
mimarTa
(winamdebare
zemoqmedebas,
moazrebuli,
romelsac
nagulisxmebi
Sinaarsi, romelic ar aris pirdapir miwodebuli, Sesabamisad Znelad
identificirebadic xdeba individisTvis, Tumca SesaZloa mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebdes
pirvel
ukukavSirze misi sapasuxo reaqciis CamoyalibebaSi).
rigSi
ganmsazRvreli
agentisagan
TvalSisacemi
iseTi
faqtorebis
(ukukavSirisagan)
zemoqmedebis
iyo
socialuri
zegavlenis
romelnic
socialuri
siuxve,
gansxvavdeboda,
mniSvnelovnebas
amcirebs:
rac
iqmneboda
am
ukanasknelis
STabeWdileba,
rom
garkveul socialur ukukavSirze individis reaqciis gansazRvraSi Tavad
ukukavSiris
faqtorTa
indeqsebi
(maxasiaTeblebi)
simravlesTan
SedarebiT
dispoziciur
gacilebiT
da
situaciur
umniSvnelo
an
mcire
rols asrulebs. mkvlevarTa mxridan kritikis sababi gaxda agreTve
socialur ukukavSirTa gansxvavebuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT dayofis
mimarT anu ukukavSiris Tvisebebis diferencirebisadmi damokidebulebis
marTebulobac,
gansazRvris
rac
ZiriTadad
tendenciaSi
socialuri
aisaxeboda.
zegavlenis
magaliTad,
apriorulad
kvlevis
Catarebis
proceduris aRwerisas mkvlevarebi xSirad miuTiTeben, rom c.p.-Ta qcevis
gansamtkiceblad
cxadia,
verbauri
specifikaciis
SeqebiT"
gamoiyenes
esa
socialuri
gareSe.
is
ganmamtkicebeli
ukukavSirebic),
kerZod,
(ebramsoni...
Tu
fraza
19778:49-74)
ganmtkicebis
"subieqti
apriorulad
(maT
Soris,
Semdgomi
ganmtkicebuli
gulisxmobs,
rom
iqna
qeba
pozitiurad ganamtkicebs qcevas, yovelgvari Semowmebis gareSe. amdenad,
am
rwmenis
gamo
mkvlevrebi
aRar
miiCnevdnen
saWirod
ukukavSirTan
dakavSirebiT raime ganmartebiTi komentaris damatebas.
devid
ganmtkicebis
brokom
da
klinton
maxasiaTeblebis
maklemorma
mimarT
(ebramsoni...
mkvlevarTa
19778:49-74)
araseriozuli
(upasuxismgeblo) damokidebulebis demonstrirebis mizniT rva farTod
aRiarebul
statiebidan
samecniero
Seadgines
JurnalSi
erTi
sxvadasxva
Tvis
ganmavlobaSi
mkvlevaris
mier
aRwerili
gamoyenebul
37
ganmtkicebaTa aRwerebis nusxa, romelic qvemoT warmodgenilia cxrilis
saxiT.
cxrili 1
kvlevebSi gamoyenebuli socialuri ganmamtkiceblebi
kvlevis avtori
gamoyenebuli ganmamtkicebeli
armstrongi, reinuoTeri da smiti pozitiuri
komentari
(1981)
specifikaciis gareSe)
(Semdgomi
badi, leibovici, raineri, mindeli socialuri
Seqeba
da goldfarbi (1981)
(Semdgomi
karlsoni da feldi (1981)
"ukacravad, Tqven ver SeasruleT
kargad ----. adamianTa umravlesoba
amaze ukeT asrulebs ----" da a.S.
"o,
Tqven
marTlac
kargad
SeasruleT ----. faqtiurad, Tqven
ukeT SeasruleT --- vidre adamianTa
umravleoba'"da a.S.
klarki da manfordi (1981)
epsteini,
grinvaldi,
haidorni (1981)
dedasTan drois dayofa (gatareba)
(Semdgomi specifikaciis gareSe)
henoni
da pozitiuri
verbaluri
pasuxi
jonsoni da kuvo (1981)
Seqeba,
sayveduri
(Semdgomi
da
esveldt- Seqeba,
ukukavSiri
(Semdgomi
kendeli da zupani (1981)
socialuri
Seqeba
(Semdgomi
matsoni (1981)
verbaluri
Seqeba
(Semdgomi
matsoni da senatore (1981)
Seqeba
gareSe)
ofareli, gudinafi da kateri (1981)
kvlevis
proceduris
aRwerisas
aRniSnulia, rom c.p.-Ta nawilma
"verbalurad ganamtkica" sxva c.p. –
ebi. Seqeba, yuradReba, socialuri
interaqciebi
ar
aris
kazdini,
matsoni
dausoni (1981)
(Semdgomi
specifikaciis
38
daxasiaTebuli, rogorc ganmtkiceba
pohe, braueri da sveiringeni (1981)
rozenbaumi,
(1981)
kridoni
da
pozitiuri socialuri ganmtkiceba
drabmani Seqeba
gareSe)
sai (1981)
(Semdgomi
specifikaciis
verbaluri
Seqeba,
magaliTad,
"Zalian kargia", " ase ganagrZeT"
rogorc cxrili 1 aCvenebs, mkvlevarebs ar miaCndaT mniSvnelovnad
socialur
ukukavSirTa
magaliTad,
indeqsebis
"verbaluri
Seqeba",
daxasiaTeba.
"socialuri
zogierTi
Seqeba",
aRwera,
"pozitiuri
komentari", "pozitiuri verbaluri pasuxi", "Seqeba, ukukavSiri",'Zalze
zogadia.
avtorebi
ar
miuTiTeben
pozitiuroba/negatiurobis
atribuciul
fokusze,
garda
Sefasebis
ukukavSiris
(magaliTad,
sizusteze,
sxva
maxasiaTeblebze
Sinaarsobriv
formaze
da
fokusze,
a.S.).
sxva
ukukavSirebi, magaliTad “Zalian kargia”, “ase ganagrZeT” konkretulad
aris
aRwerili,
magram
ar
aris
daculi
ganmtkicebis
formisa
da
Sefasebis xarisxis erTgvarovneba. desim da raianma erT-erT kvlevaSi
(desi... 1980:39-80) aRniSnes, rom samecniero literaturaSi ukukavSiris
stilis sakiTxisaTvis aseTi umniSvnelo yuradRebis daTmobis faqti
aSkarad
SemaSfoTebelia,
pozitiuri,
gamoyeneba
magram
ar
ukukavSirebad
aris
radganac
sruliad
gansxvavebuli
koreqtuli
gamoyenebuli
erTgvarovan
(mkvlevarebma
sruliad
ukukavSirebad
stilis
ukukavSirebis
aRweres
erTgvarovan
gansaxvavebuli
komentarebi,
romelTa Sorisac aris, magaliTad, SefasebiTi frazebi: “kargia” an
“SesaniSnavia”;
normatiuli
ukukavSirebi,
rogoricaa,
magaliTad
”es
saukeTesoa maT Soris, rac aqamde minaxavs” an “Tqveni qulebi 80%-s
Seesabameba”; gaumjobesebaze fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi, magaliTd, “es
Tqveni saukeTeso pasuxia aqamde gacemul pasuxTa Soris”; ukukavSiri,
romelic aRniSnavs, rom piradad eqsperimentatori amarTlebs an moswons
c.p.-is
qceva,
ukukavSiri,
magaliTad,
romelic
“me
marTlac
warmodgenilia,
Zalian
rogorc
momwons
erTi
es
suraTi”;
pirovnebis
mier
39
meoris Seqeba, rogoricaa, “ Tqven namdvilad SesaniSnavi xelovani xarT”
da a.S.).
SesaZloa,
socialuri
uyuradReboba,
zegavlenis
garkvulwilad,
trivialurobiTac
iyo
maxasiaTeblebis
socialuri
ganpirobebuli,
mimarTAaseTi
Sefasebis
radganac
iseT
aRqmis
avtoritetTa
mravaljeradi miTiTebis miuxedavad, rogoric iyo skineri (skineri 1953:39),
socialuri
intuiciurad
ganmamtkiceblebis
gansazRvravdnen
damokidebuleba,
maxasiaTeblebis
ukukavSirebad
cxadia,
da
advilad
mixedviT
zegavlenas
ar
amowmebdnen
SeiZleboda
gansxvavebul
daxasiaTebis
safuZveli,
mkvlevarebi
empiriulad.
gamxdariyo
ukukavSirTa
rac
mainc
aseTi
garkveuli
erTgvarovan
gansxvavebuli
Sedegebis
miRebis SesaZleblobasac, TavisTavad, gazrdida.
amrigad, 80-iani wlebis socialur fsiqologiaSi aSkarad gamoikveTa
verbaluri
ukukavSiris
calkeul
maxasiaTebelTa
ufro
faqizi
diferencirebisa da Seswavlis aucilebloba, ramac mkvlevarTa interesi
Sefasebis zemoqmedebis arapirdapiri, implicituri aspeqtebisaken mimarTa
(pirobiTi
TviTfaseulobis
gancda,
aRqmuli
autonomiuroba/garegani
kontroli). Sesabamisad, mecnierTaTvis aqtualuri kvlevis sagani gaxda
implicitur zegavlenasTan asocirebuli iseTi maxasiaTeblebi, rogoric
aris verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris e.w. stilis niSnebi (kostneri...
1987:383-390),
ukukavSiris
informaciuli
da
makontrolebeli
maneriT
miwodebis manera (kasti... 1985:127-135; deci... 1985:115), forma (specifikuriganzogadebuli), atribuciuli da Sinaarsobrivi fokusi (kompetenturoba;
unari-Zalisxmeva; pirovneba/Tviseba-procesi) da a.S.
40
1.3. verbaluri socialuri zegavlenis implicituri aspeqtebi
1.3.1. verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa implicituri zegavlenis analizi
calkeul
maxasiaTebelTa
Seswavlaze
orientirebul
kvlevaTa
konteqstSi
Sefasebis implicitur zemoqmedebasTan asocirebul maxasiaTebelTa
(ukukavSiris miwodebis manera, forma, atribuciuli da Sinaarsobrivi
fokusi da a.S.) Seswavlaze orentirebulma Semdgomma kvlevebma marTlac
daadastura (dveki 1986:1040-1048; maieri... 1986:293-308; miuleri... 1998:33-52;
keminsi... 1999:835-847), rom arapirdapiri zegavlena specifikuri da, amasTan,
imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom mTlianad pasuxs agebs qcevis gansxvavebuli,
kerZod, adafturi da araadafturi (maladaptive) motivaciuri nimuSebis
aRmocenebasa
da
orientirebuli)
xalisi,
ganviTarebaze.
nimuSi
azartis
qcevis
xasiaTdeba
gancda,
adafturi
pozitiuri
siamovnebis
miReba
(daxelovnebaze
afeqtiT
amocanis
(magaliTad,
Sesrulebisas),
pozitiuri TviT-kogniciebiTa da Sesrulebis gaumjobesebis tendenciiT,
aseve
gamowvevis
Ziebisaken
da
dabrkolebebis
SemTxvevaSi
maTi
gadalaxvisaken Zlieri swrafviT. araadaftur (umweo) nimuSs ki, piriqiT
_ axasiaTebs negatiuri afeqti (magaliTad uxalisoba/antipaTia, mowyena
problemebze muSaobisas an SfoTva Sesrulebis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT)
da negatiuri TviT-kogniciebi dabrkolebebis dros, gamowvevis Tavidan
aridebis
tendencia
da
sirTulis
daZlevisaken
swrafvis
sisuste.
rogorc saklaso, aseve eqsperimentul pirobebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi
aCveneben, rom bavSvebi araadafturi nimuSiT seriozul dabrkolebebs
ganicdian
kognituri
aTvisebasa
da
adafturi
nimuSiT
praqtikuli
gamovlenaSi
gamocdilebis
sirTuleebis
amJRavneben
(anu
gancdisas,
gambedaobas
da
unar-Cvevebis)
xolo
metic,
maT
bavSvebi
TiTqos
Sesruleba uadvildebaT kidec gamowvevis pirobebSi anu es bavSvebi
identuri amocanebisa da sawyisi unarebis miuxedavad situacias sruliad
gansxvavebulad pasuxoben (Tavdapirvelad nimuSebi gamovlinda bavSvebSi,
magram
mogvianebiT
adasturebs,
rom
dadasturda
qcevis
nimuSTa
zrdasrulebSic).
warmodgenili
zogierTi
kvleva
konceftualizacia
relevanturia ara mxolod miRwevis situaciebisaTvis, aramed socialur
41
arenaze
efeqturobis
bavSviseuli
mimarTac.
atribuciebis
magaliTad,
mixedviT
socialuri
SeiZleba
gamosavlis
viwinaswarmetyveloT,
ramdenad adafturi iqneba bavSvis pasuxi uaryofaze (goeci... 1980:246-255)
an bavSvebis socialuri miznebi dakavSirebuli maT popularulobasTan
TanaklaselTa
Soris
(teilori...
1985),
Tumca
kvlevebis
simcire
am
sferoSi jer ar iZleva sakmaris safuZvels vifiqroT, rom adafturi da
araadafturi
nimuSebi
warmoadgens
erTgvar
baziss
efeqturi
socializaciisa instruqciuli praqtikisaTvis am sferoSi.
amgvarad, adafturi (daxelovnebaze-orientirebuli) da araadafturi
(umweo)
pasuxebi
warmoadens
mkafio,
Tanmimdevrul
qceviT
nimuSebs,
romelTac axasiaTebT gansxvavebebi kogniciebSi, afeqtebsa da qcevaSi
(kognituri,
rogorc
afeqturi
gangrZobadi
Gsxvadasxva
da
qceviTi
komponentebi
procesis
situaciebSi
ama
Tu
konceftualizebulia,
urTierTdakavSirebuli
im
movlenaze
aspeqtebi).
individTa
pasuxebSi
garkveuli nimuSis, rogorc qcevis damaxasiaTebeli stilis gamovlena
mniSvnelovani
mdebare
aRmoCnda
specifikuri
zemoqmedebis,
nebismieri
imdenad,
ramdenadac
es
mediaciuri
procesebis
Seswavlisa
sabolood
grZelvadiani
ki
nimuSis
da
iZleva
gaumjobesebis
Rirebuli,
faseuli
safuZvlad
da
maTze
SesaZleblobas:
mizani
gulisxmobs
riskis gawevis, Zalisxmevisa da gamowvevis miRebis saWiroebas. amdenad,
pasuxis
nimuSi,
romelic
ganaridebs
konfrontaciis
strategiebisagan,
funqcionirebas
sirTuleebis
miRwevebs,
Mkoreqcia
da
rac
adamians
dabrkolebebTan
uzrunvelyofda
gancdisas,
sabolood
daxelovnebaze-mimarTva
mis
efeqtur
SezRudavs
ki
mis
ganapirobebs
konstruqciul cvlilebebs _ gamomwvevi amocanebis Ziebisa da efeqturi
strategiebis Seqmnisaken swrafvas dabrkolebebis gancdisas. rogorc
damaxasiaTebeli
amocanebTan
stili,
gamowveviT
siamovnebis
Sebmis survili adafturia
miReba
da
rTul
Rirebuli, faseuli miznebis
ganxorcielebis mimarT, radganac maTdmi erTgulebis SenarCuneba rTuli
periodebis miuxedavad saboloo jamSi (anu xangrZlivi periodis Semdeg)
maqsimalurad gazrdis miRwevebis xarisxs. A
amdenad, damaxasiaTebel qceviT nimuSTa gamovlena xels uwyobs maT
safuZvlad mdebare procesebis Seswavlasa da Secvlas. Seesabamisad,
42
Seicavs mniSvnelovan miniSnebebsac gamaumjobesebeli intervenciebisa da
praqtikis Sesaxeb.
qcevis adaftur da araadaftur nimuSTa aRmocenebas Tanamedrove
socialur
fsiqologiaSi
ZiriTadad
TviTfaseulobisa
da
aRqmuli
autonomiurobis (garegani/Sinagani kontrolis) gancdebs ukavSireben da
implicituri
zemoqmedebis
relevanturobaSi
specifikurobac
mdgomareobs.
sxvagvarad
swored
Tu
maT
vityviT,
mimarT
Sefasebis
garkveuli maxasiaTeblebi, rogoric aris ukukavSiris miwodebis manera,
forma
(specifikuri-ganzogadebuli),
atribuciuli
da
Sinaarsobrivi
fokusi (kompetenturoba; unari-Zalisxmeva; pirovneba/Tviseba-procesi) da
a.S.,
mniSvnelovan
arapirdapir,
implicitur
individis mier faseulobis pirobebis
Tavismxriv,
qcevis
adafturi
an
zemoqmedebas
axdens
da autonomiurobis aRqmaze, rac
araadafturi
nimuSis
Camoyalibebas
gansazRvravs.
pirobiTi
TviT-faseulobis
self-worth)
(contingent
cneba,
romelic
gulisxmobs adamianis rwmenas, rom mis fass an umTavres mniSvnelovnebas
gansazRvravs garkveuli mocemuloba (niWi, Tviseba, garegnoba, unari da
a.S.), qceva, Sedegi anu raime piroba, karl rojersis saxelTan aris
dakavSirebuli
da
pirovnebis
ganviTarebis
ramodenime
wamyvani
tradiciuli Teoriis qvakuTxeds warmoadgens (horni 1945:135-147; rojersi
1961:75;
stiuarti,
1996:17-19).
Tanamedrove
socialur
fsiqologiur
literaturaSi igi ganixileba, rogorc pirobiTi pozitiuri mopyrobis
(yuradRebis,
damokidebulebis)
Sedegi,
rac
niSnavs
pirovnebisaTvis
mniSvnelovani sxva adamianis/sazogadoebis mxridan faseulobis pirobebis
xazgasmas, pirobiTad pozitiur mopyrobas (garkveuli qcevis, Tvisebis,
unaris da a.S. SerCeviT waqezebas dajildoveba-dasjis principiT) da
SeiZleba
moicavdes
sxvadasxva
gancdiT
aspeqtebs
(magaliTad,
marTulobis gancdas anu sxvisi mxridan manipulatoruli mopyrobis
aRqmas; zogadad, garegani kontrolis anu autonomiurobis dakargvis
gancdas),
romlebic
implikaciasTan
asocirebulia
(adamiani
iswrafvis
nebis
im
Tavisuflebis
pirobebTan
SezRudvis
Sesabamisobisaken,
romlebic gansazRvravs mniSvnelovan sxvaTa mxridan mis mimReblobas _
sakmaris
“sikarges”.
amdenad,
igi
ar
aris
Tavisufali
sakuTar
43
miswrafebebSi)
da
potenciur
implikaciasTan
(mocemulobis
profesionaluri
da
SesaZleblobebis,
a.S.
SesaZleblobaTa
mixedviT
raobis
da
adamianis
gansazRvra
Sesabamisad
SezRudulobis
misi
pirovnuli,
uaryofs
adamianis
WeSmariti
raobis
ganusazRvrelobis ideas).
Tavdapirvelad barhanma da dvekma (barhani 1995:1719-738.) gamoTqves
varaudi,
rom
pirobiTi
TviTfaseuloba
(TviTfaseulobis
gancda)
SesaZlebelia bavSvebSi araadafturi (umweo) nimuSis ganviTarebisaTvis
gadamwyveti
faqtori
TviTfaseulobis
unarebis
aRmoCndes.
gancda
maT
SesaZloa
fiqsirebulobis,
ivaraudes,
rom
dakavSirebuli
ucvlelobis
Sesaxeb
pirobiTi
iyos
Tvisebebis,
rwmenasTan,
agreTve
rwmenasTan, rom adamiani, rogorc faseuloba, ganisazRvreba misi qcevis
an Sesrulebis xarisxis safuZvelze (anu SeiZleba gaizomos sakuTari
qceviTi gamovlinebebiT. magaliTad, marcxis gancdisas bavSvma SesaZloa
Tavi uvargisad CaTvalos, rac imoqmedebs anu Secvlis warumateblobaze
maT
pasuxebs).
Semdgom
kvlevebSi
dadasturda
barhanis
da
dvekis
varaudebi (kaminsi... 1996:217-218; kaminsi... 1999:835-847), mogvianebiT pirobiTi
TviT-faseulobis gancda qcevis araadafturi nimuSis demonstrirebisas
gamovlinda zrdasrulebSic. magaliTad, zaom da dvekma (kaminsi... 1999:835847)
aCvenes,
pasuxebs
rom
kolejis
warumateblobaze
damdablebis
tendencias.
studentebi,
xSirad
metic,
romlebic
avlenen
aRmoCnda,
amJRavneben
zogadad
rom
es
sakuTari
gancda
umweo
Tavis
(pirobiTi
TviTfaseulobis) zrdasruli adamianis depresiul reaqciebSic SeimCneva
(dikmani, 1998:139-158).
dRes Tanamedrove socialur fsiqologiur kvlevebze dayrdnobiT
Tamamad
SeiZleba
ZiriTadad
iwvevs
ukukavSiris
an
gamowvevis
qcevis
romelTa
araadafturi
daTrgunuli
Tavidan
implicituri
gancdasTan
ganisazRvreba,
literaturaSi
(negatiuri
ukandaxeva,
rom
TviT-faseulobis
maxasiaTeblebiT
relevantur
iTqvas,
afeqti,
arideba,
axali
zegavlena
asocirebuli
rigi
gauTvaliswineblobac
nimuSis
ganviTarebas
dabrkolebebis
unar-Cvevebis
winaSe
swavlis
SesaZleblobis daTmoba da a.S.). es maxasiaTeblebi verbaluri Sefasebis
efeqturobis
ganmsazRvreli
ZiriTadi
kriteriumebis
saxiT
aris
44
warmodgenili mimoxilviTi xasiaTis uaxles kvlevebSi (henderlongi...
2002:774-795), ris safuZvelzec isini verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa
gamoyenebis mizanSewonilebis mimarT erTgvar moTxovnebadac SeiZleba
ganvixiloT.
es
kriteriumebia:
Sefasebis
gulwrfeloba
(ukukavSiris
ganzogadebuloba-specifikuroba warmoadgens mis ganmsazRvrel ZiriTad
maxasiaTebels);
(ukukavSiris
Sefasebis
Sinaarsis
maxasiaTebeli
Sefasebis
_
fokusireba
unar/Zalisxmeva
orientirebuloba
procesze
Zalisxmevaze
fokusirebuloba);
(maxasiaTebeli
_
pirovnebaze/procesze orientireba); Sefasebis endogenuroba (ukukavSiris
maxasiaTebeli _ endogenuroba-egzogenuroba); Sefasebis informaciuli
manera (maxasiaTebeli _ informaciuloba/makontrolebloba).
Sefasebis gulwrfeloba _ am kriteriumis dakmayofileba zogierTi
mkvlevaris mosazrebiT ukukavSiris efeqturobis mTavar pirobad aris
miCneuli (henderlongi... 2002:774-795). gulwrfelobis aRqmasTan ramdenadme
asocirebulad…SeiZleba CaiTvalos mravali iseTi niuansi, rogoric aris,
magaliTad, miRwevis situaciebSi Sefasebisa da swavlis procesis etapis
Sesabamisobis xarisxi, aseve swavlis procesis gaRrmavebasTan erTad
ukukavSiris mudmivoba/TandaTanobiTi cvalebadoba (aldeni 1984:607-618).
Sefasebis gulwrfelobis an relevanturobis aRqmaSi gadamwyveti roli
SeiZleba Seasrulos agreTve Semfaseblis mier Sefasebis adekvaturi
instrumentis
flobis
Sesrulebidan
Sefasebamde
Semfasebeli
eZebs
SesaZleblobam
Sesabamis
(henderlongi...
xangrZlivma
pauzam,
pasuxs
1993:135-138)
(koni
2002:774-795),
romlis
da
drosac
a.S.,
magram
ukukavSiris maxasiaTebelTa Soris am moTxovnis dakmayofilebisaTvis
relevanturad iTvleba ukukavSiris ganzogadebuloba/specifikuroba.
am maxasiaTeblis anu verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris sizustis
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb adreuli kvlevebi ukavSirdeba foreris (foreri
1949:118-123)
saxels,
romelmac
daadgina,
rom
individebi
trivialur,
arazust, bundovan pirovnul interpretaciebs, romlebic ar eyrdnoba
fsiqologiuri
daxasiaTebad
testirebis
miiCneven
da
realur
Sedegebs
maRal
Sefasebas
maTi
pirovnebis
aZleven
im
zust
TiTqos-da
diagnostikur saSualebas, romelze dayrdnobiTac es interpretaciebi
iqna miRebuli. bundovani, trivialuri interpretaciebis damajereblobis
45
es fenomeni socialur-fsiqologiur literaturaSi barnumis efeqtis
(Barnum effect) saxelwodebiT aris cnobili (marksi... 1962:203-208; mileri
1976:901-906)
da
mravali
kvleviTac
dadasturda
(latali...
roseni 1975:95; Snaideri 1974:150; Snaideri... 1972:384-388;
1967:319-322;
Snaideri.. 1976:34-41;
ulrixi... 1963:831-834) Tumca rig Semdgom kvlevebSi gamovlinda am efeqtis
aramdgradoba
1980:44-47).
(belensi...
zogierTi
1982:243-247;
mkvlevari
herisi...
(Snaideri...
1984:179-184;
1976:34-41)
veinbergeri...
Tvlida,
rom
es
kanonzomiereba mxolod ukukavSiris pozitiurobis SemTxvevaSi vlindeba,
negatiur Sefasebaze ki ar vrceldeba. rig kvlevebSi saerTod ar iqna es
efeqti
miRebuli
(ruzeni...
1986:1293-1299).
Tavdapirvelad
am
tipis
ukukavSiri aRiwereboda, rogorc “yalbi” (veisbergi 1970:743-746), “zogadad
pirovnuli” (ulrihi... 1963:831-834), “bundovani”, “zogadad zusti” (ruzeni...
1986:1293-1299),
Tumca
ufro
gviandel
kvlevebSi
gamovlinda,
rom
gazogadebulobis, rogorc Tvisebis implikacia gacilebiT negatiuria da
pirobiTi TviTfaseulobis gancdis aRmocenebas uwyobs xels (jinoti
1965:71-89; kanousi... 1981:97–115; koni, 1993:135-138; leperi... 1993:75–105; o’lieri...
1977:81-97).
aRmoCnda,
rom
Zalze
ganzogadebuli
Sefaseba
advilad
SeiZleba Camofasdes sawinaaRmdego gamocdilebis ubralod gaxsenebis
Sedegad (Secdoma, Seuferebeli gancdebi an qceva da sxva). garda amisa,
rac ufro zogadia Sefaseba, miT ufro izrdeba albaToba imisa, rom igi
SeuTavsebeli iqneba sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb ukve arsebul rwmenasTan an
calkeul gamocdilebasTan. zogierTi adrindeli kvlevac adasturebs,
rom
Zalze
ganzogadebuli
pozitiuri
Sefasebis
Sedegad
adamianma
SesaZloa mimarTos TviT-kritikas da momavali Sesrulebis sabotaJsac ki
Seqebasa
da
sakuTar
Tavze
ufro
realistur
warmodgenas
Soris
gansxvavebisagan gamowveuli disonansis Semcirebis mizniT (jinoti 1965:7189).
gulwrfeli SefasebisGSTabeWdilebas, garkveuli mosazrebiT (koni
1993:135-141), qmnis ukukavSiri, romelic am Tu im (ZiriTadad kognituri)
proceduris garkveul aspeqts (magaliTad maTematikuri, logikuri da a.S.
operacia) exeba.'Sesrulebis specifikur aspeqtTa aqcentireba naklebad
iwvevs did gansxvavebas Sefasebasa da sakuTar Tavze warmodgenas Soris.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas dacviT reaqciebzec.
46
amavedros,
mkvlevarTa
aRsaniSnavia,
umravlesoba
"namdvili
geniosi
globaluri
rom
Sefasebis
gazviadebas
xar",
"angelozi
Sefasebis
ufro
xar"
ganzogadebulobaSi
gulisxmobs
da
saxelwodebiTac
a.S.),
da,
(magaliTad,
Sesabamisad,
moixseniebs,
Sefasebis
specifikurobaSi ki ZiriTadad Zalze fragmentuli, mTliani Sesrulebis
xarisxis gansazRvrisaTvis arasakmarisi, naklebadmnSvnelovani detalebi
moiazreba (gudmani... 2004:248–262).
Sefasebis Sinaarsis fokusireba Zalisxmevaze _ ukukavSiris Sinaarsis
Zalisxmevaze fokusirebis gziT Sefasebis efeqturobis gansazRvris idea
Tavdapirvelad
daswavlili
fenomenis*
umweobis
Seswavlis
procesSi
gaCnda (hekhauzeni 1986:27-34; daieneri... 1978:451-462; dveki... 1973:109-116; dveki...
1976:147-156;
goeci...
dveki
1975:674-685;
1980:246-255)
ukukavSiris
da
dveki...
dRemde
efeqturobis
1978:268-276;
aqtualuria
gansazRvris
daieneri...
verbaluri
TvalsazrisiT
1980:940-952;
socialuri
(henderlongi...
2002:774-795). DaRniSnul kvlevebSi gamovlinda, rom individebi, romlebic
sakuTari
qcevis
dauZlevlad
Sedegebs
aRiqvamen
unaris
(fiqroben
terminebSi
rom
ar
xsnian,
ZaluZT
warumateblobas
Sedegis
Secvla),
warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi uqveiTdebaT Sesrulebis xarisxi, amJRavneben
uaryofiT atituds amocanis mimarT da cdiloben ganeridon situacias,
rac niSnavs, rom isini ar arian mzad konstruqciuli cvlilebebisadmi.
qcevis Sedegebis gaRebuli ZalisxmevisaTvis miweris SemTxvevaSi, igive
kvlevebis
mixedviT
(daieneri...
1978:451-462),
individebi
sawinaaRmdego
afeqtur, atitudur da motivaciur efeqts amJRavnebdnen (warumateblobas
aRiqvamdnen, rogorc informacias strategiasa da motivaciaSi saWiro
cvlilebebis
ganxorcielebis
Sesaxeb.
Sesabamisad,
warumateblobaze
problemis gadaWris efeqturi gzebis ZiebiTa da momatebuli mondomebiT
reagirebdnen). sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, daswavlili umweobis fenomenis
Seswavlaze
mimarTul
kvlevebSi
gamovlinda unarisa
atribuciuli kavSiri qcevis araadaftur da adaftur
da
Zalisxmevis
nimuSebTan.
es
*
daswavlili umweobis fenomeni, romelsac iwvevs arakontrolirebad movlenebTan
Sexebis gamocdileba, eyrdnoba individis molodins, rom Sedegi damoukidebelia
nebismieri pasuxisagan, romlis gacemac individs SeuZlia. Sesabamisad, mas uCndeba
erTgvari umweobis anu e.w. garegani kontrolis gancda, romelic pasuxs agebs individis
undoblobaze sakuTari SesaZleblobebis mimarT.G
47
kavSiri dadasturda socialur situaciebSic (goeci... 1980:246-255), sadac
socialuri
uaryofa
uaryofas
sakuTari
minimaluri
iyo
manipulirebuli:
unarebis
individebs,
deficitiT
konstruqciuli
xsnidnen,
cvlilebebi
romlebic
aReniSnebodaT
socialuri
mxardaWeris
mopovebis Semdgom mcdelobebSi ad naklebad gamoxatavdnen socialuri
mxardaWeris mopovebis meored cdis survils.
es movlena Sesabamis kvlevebSi (daineri... 1978:451-462; dveki 1975:674-685)
axsnilia
unaris,
faqtoris
da
rogorc
Znelad
Zalisxmevis,
Sinagani
faqtoris
mdgradi
unaris
rogorc
koncefciiT.
terminebSi
Secvladi
(invariaciuli)
Sinagani
advilad
Secvladi
(variaciuli)
mkvlevarebma
CaTvales,
rom
axsna
naklebad
gulisxmobs
Sedegis
situaciis
advilad Secvlis SesaZleblobas. piriqiT, unaris atribucia Seicavs
arapirdapir, implicitur miniSnebas, rom Sedegis Secvla naklebad aris
mosalodneli.
warmatebis
amdenad,
miRwevis
warumateblobis
imedi.
Sesabamisad
Semdeg
mas
individs
uviTardeba
ara
aqvs
undobloba
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis mimarT (garegani kontrolis gancda) da aRar
cdilobs axali strategiebis moZebnas. metic, cdilobs Tavi daaRwios
situacias. rac Seexeba Zalisxmevas, igi SedarebiT advilad Secvlad,
variaciul
Sinagan
faqtors
warmoadgens.
Sesabamisad,
Zalisxmevis
atribucia Seicavs arapirdapir, implicitur miniSnebas, rom Sedegis
Secvla advilad SeiZleba. amdenad, Tu individi warumateblobas mas
miawers, SemdgomSi warmatebis imedi metad eqneba.
unarisa
aRmoCenam
da
Zalisxmevis
(ueineri
atribuciebSi
1994:557–573.)
ganapiroba
aRniSnuli
mkvlevarTa
implikaciebis
daintereseba
verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris Sesabamisi Sinaarsobrivi fokusis
zegavlenis SeswavliT. Aamdenad, rigi kvlevebi iqna mimarTuli unarsa da
Zalisxmevaze fokusirebuli Sefasebis Seswavlaze (e.g. kaminsi... 1999:835barhansi847; miuleri... 1998:33-52; Sanki 1983:848-856; Sanki 1984:1159–1169; Sanki...
1986:201-209;
efeqturoba
batleri
misi
1987:474-482),
Sinaarsis
romlebmac
aqtivobisas
daadastura
gamoyenebul
ukukavSiris
Zalisxmevaze
fokusirebis SemTxvevaSi. kerZod, aRmoCnda, rom unarsa da Tvisebaze
fokusirebuli Sefasebis miRebis Sedegad adamiani ufro mowyvladi xdeba
warumateblobis mimarT
_ uCndeba pirobiTi TviT-faseulobis gancda
48
(barhansi... 1995:1719-1738; dikmani 1998:139-158) erideba gamowvevis miRebas, rac
xels uSlis mas axali masalis aTvisebasa da unar-CvevaTa Semdgom
ganviTarebaSi,
swavlis
gaaqtiurebis
Sedegad
miznebis
Tmobs
nacvlad
swavlis
kompedenturobis dakargvis risks
Sesrulebis
miznebis
SesaZleblobas,
Tu
igi
Seicavs (miuleri... 1998:33-52; kaminsi...
1999:835-847) da a.S. avlens qcevis araadaftur, umweo nimuSs. Tanamedrove
aRmoCenebis
konteqstSiKOCans,
inteleqtisaTvis,
romNTundac
unar-fokusirebuli
keTili
Sefaseba,
zraxviT
romlis
Seqeba
mizansac
warmoadgens adamianis siamovnebis, mondomebisa da ukeTesi Sesrulebis
xelisSewyoba miRwevis situaciebSi, ver exmareba maT warumateblobasTan,
marcxTan
ganmklavebaSi.
piriqiT,
am
tipis
ukukavSiri
aqveiTebs
motivacias gamowvevis gancdasas. Zalisxmevaze fokusirebuli ukukavSiri
ki aaqtiurebs swavlis miznebs, gamowvevis miRebis xaliss da adaftur
qceviT
nimuSs
warumateblobis
Semdeg
xangrZlivi
(miuleri...
droiT
1998:33-52; kaminsi... 1999:835-847). unar-fokusirebuli Sefaseba (es ZiriTadad
Seqebas exeba) efeqturi mxolod warmatebis pirobebSi aRmoCnda (Sanki
1983:848-856; Sanki 1984:1159–1169) da isic mxolod myisieri Sedegebis miRebis
anu Sesrulebis xarisxis myisieri gaumjobesebis an momavalSi kargad
Sesrulebis rwmenis gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT (koestneri... 1987:383-390;
Sanki 1983:848-856; Sanki 1994:75-99; Sanki 1996:319-320). xangrZlivi pozitiuri
Sedegi, rogorc motivaciuri, aseve
aTvisebis xarisxisa da mdgradobis
TvalsazrisiT ufro Zalisxmeva-fokusirebuli ukukavSiris SemTxvevaSia
mosalodneli
gvarwmunebs,
(elioti...
rom
1999:628-644;
Sefasebis
mak
fokusireba
gregori
2002:381-395),
Zalisxmevasa
da
rac
masTan
asocirebul procesebze (mondomeba, yuradRebis koncentrireba da a.S)
gacilebiT sasargebloa.
Sefasebis
orientirebuloba
procesze
(e.w.
proces-fokusirebuli
Sefaseba) _ ukukavSiris am maxasiaTeblis Seswavla Sefasebis Sesaxeb
Tanamedrove empiriuli kvlevebis ZiriTad mimarTulebas warmoadgens
ukanaskneli ori aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi (henderlongi...
2002:774-795;
kaminsi... 1999:835-847), Tumca mis mimarT interesi jer kidev oTxmocian
wlebSi
aRiZra
1986:1040-1048)
dvekis
adaftur
sruliad
sensaciuri
motivaciur
nimuSTa
kvlevis
Semdeg
safuZvlad
(dveki
mdebare
49
motivaciuri mediatorebis bunebis Sesaxeb. Aam mimarTulebiT kvlevaTa
Sedegebi
calsaxad
adasturebs
qcevis
pirovneba(Tviseba)-fokusirebul
kritikuli
SeniSvna
araadafturi
SefasebasTan
mTlianad
pirovnebis
nimuSis
kavSirs
(igulisxmeba
an
misi
Tvisebis
Seqeba,
Sesaxeb),
romelic, rogorc aRmoCnda, warumateblobis pirobebSi iwvevs umweo
reaqciebis
(kogniciebis,
gamovlenas,
vidre
afeqtisa
da
procesze
qcevis)
ufro
(strategia,
sruli
meTodi,
nimuSis
Zalisxmeva)
fokusirebuli Sefaseba. aRmoCnda (kaminsi... 1999:835-847), rom pirovnebaze
an
Tvisebaze
fokusirebuli
ukukavSirebis
miwodebis
SemTxvevebSi
bavSvebi ufro dabal Sefasebas aZleven sakuTari Sesrulebis produqts
da sakuTar Tavs, Secdomis Semdeg uqveiTdebaT warmodgena sakuTari
sikargisa da sazrianobis Sesaxeb im bavSvebTan SedarebiT, romelTac
proces-fokusirebul Seafasebas awvdian, nakleb mondomebas avlenen da
aseve marcxis daZlevis konstruqciul gzebsac naklebad amJRavneben,
cdiloben aqtivobisaTvis Tavis aridebas.
miRwevis
situaciebSi
warmatebuli
gadawyvetilebis
miRebis
ukiduresad gamartivebis miuxedavad (miuleri... 1998:33-52; kaminsi... 1999:835847) qcevis araadafturi nimuSis aseTi sisruliT demonstrireba aSkarad
miuTiTebs
pirovneba(Tviseba)-fokusirebuli
ukukavSiris
damangreveli,
damazianebeli zegavlenis xarisxze pirobiTi TviTfaseulobis gancdis
aRmocenebis
TvalsazrisiT
TviTfaseulobis gancdis
ukukavSiri).
kerZod,
(anu
xazs
usvams
imas,
Tu
pirobiTi
aRZvris ramdenad Zlieri faqtoria am tipis
damatebiT
gamovlinda,
rom
pirovneba(Tviseba)-
fokusirebuli ukukavSiri amyarebs zogad rwmenas, rom a) sakuTari da
sxvebis
sikargisa
Tu
sicudis
Sefaseba
SesaZlebelia
qcevis
mcire
nimuSis safuZvelze, b) sicudis diagnostirebisTvis sakmarisia erTi
warumatebloba
ucvlelia
da
(heimani...
g)
sicude
droTa
1992:401-415).
pirovneba(Tviseba)-fokusirebuli
es
tipis
ganmavlobaSi
aRmoCenebi
stabiluri
aCvenebs,
ukukavSirebis
da
rom
miRebis
gamocdilebis Sedegad adamianma SeiZleba SeiZinos rwmenebi sicudis
Sesaxeb, romlebic sakuTari faseulobis gancdis mimarT ganmsazRvrelia
(barhansi... 1995:1719-738; heimani... 1992:401-415).
50
Sefasebis endogenuroba _ moTxovna verbaluri socialuri Sefasebis
endogenurobis anu aqtivobis procesSi CarTulobis Sesaxeb ukavSirdeba
socialur
fsiqologiaSi
e.w.
"sakmarisze
meti
gamarTlebis"
(overjustification) efeqtis Seswavlaze orientirebul kvlevebs, romlebic
Tavismxriv, bemis (bemi 1967:183-200) TviTpercefciis (TviT-aRqmis) Teorias
eyrdnoba. "sakmarisze meti gamarTlebis" efeqti gulisxmobs Sesrulebis
xarisxis
Semcirebas,
motivirebuli”
jildos
rac
qcevis
mosdevs
garkveuli
saSualebiT
Tavdapirvelad
periodis
ganmtkicebis
“Sinaganad
ganmavlobaSi
(dajildovebis)
garegani
manipulacias.
"sakmarisze meti gamarTlebis" efeqtis arsi naTlad Camoayalibes grinma,
sternbergma
ad
leperma
(grini...
1976:1219-(1234)):
“pirovnebis
Sinagani
interesi aqtivobis mimarT SeiZleba Semcirdes, Tu es aqtivoba misTvis
garegani
miznis
SemTxvevebSi
miRwevis
pirovnebas,
aSkara
saSualebad
romelsac
garkveuli
gadaiqceva”.
drois
aseT
ganmavlobaSi
mxolod Sinagani interesi amoZravebda am aqtivobis gansaxorcieleblad,
axla ukve sakmarisze meti gamarTleba aqvs igive qcevis Sesasruleblad
(am qcevisaTvis igi jildovdeba ara mxolod aqtivobisagan miRebuli
gancdebiT, aramed jildoTi, romelic am aqtivobaSi TavisTavad ar
moiazreba). aRmoCnda (leperi... 1976:25-35; deci 1971:105-115; deci 1972:113-120;
deci 1976:130-145), rom sakmarisze meti gamrTlebis Sedegad pirovneba
ufro
nakleb
Tavdapirvelad
Sinagan
motivacias
grZnobda.
grZnobs
xoloAaqtivobis
aqtivobis
mimarT
mimarT,
Sinagani
vidre
interesis
Semcireba garegani jildos miwodebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi naklebad
ubiZgebs
individs
Tavdapirvelad
verbaluri
im
jildos
socialuri
mcdelobebma
aqtivobis
jildos
ganxorcielebisaken,
gareSe
asrulebda.
Sefasebis
jildos
egzogenurobis
motivaciuri
nimuSisaTvis
TaviseburebebTan
(Sinagani
Semdgom
saxiT
daqveiTeba)
kvlevebSi,
manipulirebis
SemTxvevaSi
damaxasiaTebel
motivaciis
romelsac
araadafturi
zemoTaRniSnul
erTad
gamoavlina
individebSi autonomiurobis gancdis daTrgunvis efeqtic (deci... 1999:627688;
leperi...
2000:257-307;
sensoni...
2000:47-54),
rac
pirobiTi
TviTfaseulobis gancdis aRmocenebaze miuTiTebs.
51
Aamdenad, aRmoCnda, rom mniSvnelovania Sefaseba ar mianiSnebdes
aqtivobaSi CarTvisaTvis aSkara garegan mizezze, rac qmnis marTulobis
STabeWdilebas,
aqtivobis
amcirebs
mimarT
autonomiurobis
interess.
Sefasebis
gancdas
da
Sesabamisad,
efeqturobisaTvis
ukukavSiri
aRqmuli unda iqnes, rogorc aqtivobis bunebrivi Semadgeneli nawili, da
ara, rogorc garegani jildo an sasjeli, rac, adamians Sefasebaze ufro
iSviaTad
(anu
garkveul
struqturirebuli
specifikur
socialuri
TamaSis
an
pirobebSi,
miRwevis
magaliTad
tipis
konkursis
situaciebSi) miewodeba, da Tanac aqtivobis dasrulebidan SedarebiT
didi drois gasvlis Semdeg (kartoni... 1996:237-255).
Sefasebis
informaciuli
manera
_
Sefasebis
informaciul-
makontrolebeli ganzomileba misi efeqturobis kidev erT sayuradRebo
determinantad SeiZleba CaiTvalos (harakieviCi... 1984:287-300), ramdenadac
igi
agreTve
asocirebulia
qcevis
autonomiurobis
aRqmasTan.
relevanturi kvlevebis mixedviT ZiriTadad aRiarebulia informaciuli
maneris efeqturoba, rac uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis obieqturobisa da
sargeblianobis
aRqmas
individis
mier.
makontrolebel
maneras
rig
kvlevebSi neitralur zemoqmedebas miaweren (pitmani... 1980:228-233; raieni...
1983:736-750), sxva kvlevebis mixedviT ki _ negatiurs (deci... 1980:39–80;
deci... 1985:62-69; bogino... 1991:511-520; kasti... 1985:127-135; kasti... 1988:514–523),
rac
SesaZloa
konkretul
SemTxvevebSi
makontrolebeli
Sefasebis
arasakmarisi siZlieriTac aixsnas. Aamavedros, mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,
rom Sefasebis informaciuloba diferencirebis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod
rTuli aRmoCnda, radganac igi ramdenadme mianiSnebs Sefasebis obieqtis
kompedenturobaze. es, erTimxriv xels uwyobs misi TviT-efeqturobis
zrdas (desi... 1980:39–80; desi... 1985:60-69; harakieviCi... 1984:531-551; sensoni
1986:918-931;
sensoni
1989:343-361),
Tumca,
meoremxriv,
rogorc
aRmoCnda,
informacia aseT SemTxvevaSi advilad SesaZloa kontrolis saSualebad
iqnes aRqmuli individis mier, rac ukukavSiris formiT ganisazRvreba.
magaliTad, kompedenturobis Sesaxeb informaciis socialuri Sedarebis
formiT
gadmocemis
SemTxvevaSi
SesaZloa
eqsperimentatoris
mxridan
individma marTvis, kontrolis ganzraxva, survili aRiqvas, rac SeiZleba
sxvadasxva
aversiuli
qmedebebis
saxiT
gamovlindes
(eqsperimentis
52
Sewyveta,
misgan
reaqciebi:
Tavis
yuradRebis
aridebis
sxva
mcdelobebi,
aqtivobaze
an
sxvadasxva
sxva
dacviTi
Temaze
gadatana,
eqsperimentis kritika da a.S.), rac, rogorc aRmoCnda, saboloo jamSi
xels uSlis aqtivobis mimarT xangrZlivi interesis ganviTarebas da
warmatebul akademiur miRwevebs momavalSi. marTalia, zogierTi kvlevis
mixedviT
socialuri
aumjobesebs
Sedarebis
Sesrulebis
xarisxs
saxiT
da
miwodebuli
aZlierebs
informacia
motivacias
(blenki...
1984:369–386; deci 1971:105-115; oestneri... 1990:87-100), magram am kvlevebSi ar
aris gaTvaliswinebuli, rom sakuTari individualuri miRwevebis sxvebis
miRwevebTan
Sedarebis
safuZvelze
gansazRvris
swavla
SemdgomSi
savaraudod, gamoiwvevs socialuri Sedarebis miznebis dasaxvas, rac,
relevantur
literaturaSi
asocirebulia
pirobiTi
TviT-faseulobis
gancdis aRmocenebasTan da negatiuri afeqtis, frustraciis, negatiuri
motivaciuri Sedegisa da zogadad, qcevis araadafturi, umweo
nimuSis
saxiT gamovlinebasTan (e.g. amesi 1984:478-487; dveki 1986:1040-1048; nikolsi...
1984:328–346; dveki... 1988:256-273).
amdenad,
miuxedavad
imisa,
rom
ukukavSiris
informaciulobis
gansazRvra sakmaod rTul sakiTxs warmoadgens, udavoa, rom socialuri
Sedarebis
saxiT
formulirebuli
ukukavSiri
calsaxad
asocirdeba
Sefasebis makontrolebel manerasTan. Sesabamisad, mosalodnelia, rom
igi pirobiTi Tvifaseulobis gancdas, normatiul Sedarebebze zedmetad
damokidebulebas, Semdgom ki Sesrulebis miznebis dasaxvas (makgregori ...
2002:381-390) da bolos, qcevis araadafturi nimuSis gamovlenas gamoiwvevs.
amrigad,
zemoTTqmuls
ukukavSirTa
socialuri
gamoyenebis
Tu
SevajamebT,
mizanSewonilebis
fsiqologiis
moTxovnebi
albaT
verbalur
mimarT
socialur
Tanamedrove
Semdegnairad
SeiZleba
CamovayaliboT: Sefasebis zemoqmedeba pozitiuria Tu igi gulwrfelia
(specifikuria),
xels
uwyobs
Sesrulebis
adaftur
atribuciebs
anu
mianiSnebs, rom Sesrulebis Sedegi cvalebad, kontolirebad faqtorebzea
damokidebuli
(magaliTad
endogenuria
(aqtivobis
informacias
piradi
dayrdnobis
gareSe
Zalisxmeva),
nawilad
aRiqmeba)
kompedenturobis
(ra
Tqma
fokusirebulia
unda
Sesaxeb
am
daA
iZleva
socialur
maxasiaTebelTa
procesze,
pozitiur
Sedarebaze
zemoqmedeba
53
SesaZloa gaSualebuli iyos recipientis asakiT, sqesiT, kulturuli
mikuTvnebulobiT,
magaliTad
aseve
aqtualuri
warmatebulobis/
situaciis
warumateblobis
TaviseburebebiT,
pirobebi,
kognituri
resursebis SezRudva, ego da amocana-CarTulobis pirobebi da a.S.).
1.3.2. verbaluri socialuri Sefasebis mimarT Tanamedrove moTxovnebis
naklovanebebi da SezRuduloba
verbalur
mimarT
socialur
Tanamedrove
socialur
ukukavSirTa
moTxovnaTa
gamoyenebis
mimoxilva
fsiqologiuri literatura
mizanSewonilebis
aSkarad
erTgvarad
aCvenebs,
rom
gadatvirTulic ki
aris im gamaSualebeli cvladebisa da procesebis Seswavlaze mimarTuli
kvlevebiT, romlebic gansazRvravs Sefasebis implicitur zegavlenas
sxvadasxva pirovnul aspeqtebze (aqtivobis mimarT motivacia, unar-Cvevis
aTvisebis done, Sesrulebis xarisxi, atitudi, TviT-kogniciebi da a.S.). am
procesTa sistematiuri Semowmeba da Seswavla, savaraudod, momavalSic
aqtualuri iqneba, rogorc Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli mosazrebiTac,
magram,
amavedros,
wamoyenebuli
aranakleb
moTxovnebis
mniSvnelovania
ufro
mkacri
maT
safuZvelze
sistematizacia
praqtikaSi
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebis daxvewis da gamartivebis mizniT. sxvagvarad
Tu vityviT, saWiroa es mravalmxrivi codna safuZvlad daedos da,
Sesabamisad,
gaaumjobesos
Sefasebis
marTebulad,
koreqtulad
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi aralaboratoriul, bunebriv pirobebSi, rac
sakmaod rTul amocanas warmoadgens: Tu gaviTvaliswinebT Sefasebis
mimarT zemoTaRniSnul ZiriTad moTxovnaTa simravles, meoresmxriv ki
cxovrebiseul
situaciaTa
mravalferovnebas
(igulisxmeba,
rogorc
specifikuriM_ magaliTad, miRwevis situaciebi, aRzrdis, medicinis da a.S.
sferoebi, aseve sayofacxovrebo _ sazogadoebrivi da pirovnebaTSorisi
urTierTobebi), calkeul SemTxvevebSi sakmaod rTuli iqneba Sefasebis
yvela
ZiriTadi
negatiuri
da
pozitiuri
zemoqmedebis
matarebeli
maxasiaTeblis gaTvaliswineba.
amavedros,
davuSvebT
SesaZloa
verbaluri
es
mizani
Sefasebis
savsebiT
pozitiuri
miRwevadi
gaxdes,
zegavlenis
Tu
Sesaxeb
54
zemoTaRniSnuli moTxovnebidan ramodenimes gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas
anu ramodenime maxasiaTeblis warmodgenas erTi, ufro farTo kategoriis
saxiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs am maxasiaTebelTa ZiriTad efeqtebs. aseve
mniSvnelovania Sefasebis Sinaarsobrivi, anu, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas,
Tematuri Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofac ise, rom adamianis ara mxolod
qceviTi, aramed pirovnuli gamovlinebis, Tvisebisa da unaris, agreTve
aqtivobis Sedegis Sefasebac, zogadad, gaxdes usafrTxo (pirobiTi TviTfaseulobis
gancdis
aRZvrisa
ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT)
matarebeli.
amgvari
da
da
qcevis
amavedros
mcdelobis
araadafturi
pozitiuri
mizanSewonilebis
nimuSis
implikaciis
sasargeblod
metyvelebs ZiriTadad ori garemoeba, romelTaganac pirveli aRniSnuli
maxasiaTeblebis pozitiuri zegavlenis pirobiTobasa da SezRudulobaSi
mdgmareobs, meore ki zogierTi kriteriumis mizanSewonilebas ayenebs
eWvs qveS, da, amdenad maTi mniSvnelobis gadaxedvis saWirebas qmnis.
pozitiuri implicituri zegavlenis pirobiToba gulisxmobs, rom
ganxilul
maxasiaTebelTa
pozitiuri
zegavlena
absoluturi
(universaluri) ar aris anu SesaZloa garkveul pirobebSi sruliad
arasasurvelic
(gudmani...
aRmoCndes.
2004:248–262)
EmagaliTad,
aRiarebulia,
uaxlesi
rom
moncemebis
ukukavSiris
mixedviT
specifikurobis
maRali xarisxi sasargebloa sawyisi SesrulebisaTvis, magram amcirebs
kvlevisa da swavlis moTxovnilebas (swrafvas), rac saWiroa Semdgom,
ufro
damoukideblad
SesrulebisaTvis.
aRmoCnda,
rom
ukukavSiris
specifikurobis zrda pozitiurad moqmedebs praqtikul Sesrulebaze,
magram am efeqtma ver gauZlo dros da amocanis modifikacias (anu ar
aRmoCnda droSi gamZle da amocanis cvlilebis drosac ar gamovlinda).
garda amisa, ukukavSiris specifikuroba negatiur zemoqmedebas axdens
kvlevis
doneebze
da,
Sesabamisad,
swavlis
mTlian
procesze,
gansakuTrebiT rTul masalebze gadasvlisas maRal klasebSi (gudmani...
2004:248–262).
ramdenadme SezRudulia agreTve Zalisxmeva-fokusirebuli Sefasebis
pozitiuri
efeqtic:
gamosavali
xSirad
misi
zedmetad
asocirdeba
aqcentireba
unaris
an
sisustesTan,
warumatebeli
rasac
xSirad
mozrdilebTan unarsa da Zalisxmevas Soris kavSiris ukuproporciuli
55
xasiaTiT
(kovingtoni...
xsnian
1984:5-20;
niholsi,
1978:800-814;
legeti,
1986:146).
gansakuTrebiT es exeba xangrZlivi warumateblobis situaciebs,
sadac
Zalisxmeva-fokusirebuli
asocirdeba
(henderlongi...
Zalisxmevaze
warmatebis
2002:774-795).
fokusirebuli
situaciebSi
ukukavSiri
aRsaniSnavia
Sefasebis
da
unaris
pozitiuri
faqtiurad
ar
deficitTan
agreTve,
efeqti
rom
mcirdeba
gansxvavdeba
unar-
fokusirebuli Sefasebis zegavlenisagan (kaminsi da dveki, 1999), zogjer
ki
gacilebiT
naklebad
pozitiuric
Zalisxmeva-fokusirebuli
Seqeba
aris.
aRmoCnda
irelevanturia
agreTve,
Sesrulebis
rom
swrafad,
myisierad gaumjobesebis mimarT, magaliTad, gamocdis, testirebis da a.S.
standartebTan dakavSirebul miRwevis situaciebSi, sadac mnSvnelovania
Sesrulebis xarisxze
gansakuTrebulad zrunva
(kostneri,
1987:383–390;
Sanki 1983:848-856; Sanki 1994:75-99; Sanki 1996:111).
Sefasebis
informaciuli
pozitiurobis
xarisxic
situaciaSi
maneris
ramdenadme
individisaTvis
implicituri
damokidebuli
sakuTari
zegavlenis
aRmoCnda
mocemul
kompedenturobis
aRqmis
aqtualurobaze (koni 1993:126-128; kasti... 1988:514-523; kostneri, 1987:383–390).
sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, ukukavSirSi, romelic pirdapiri Sefasebis garda
impliciturad mianiSnebs individis kompedenturobazec, kompedenturobis
Sesaxeb informaciis Semcveloba individze pozitiur zegavlenas axdens
mxolod
im
SemTxvevaSi,
situaciis pirobebiT aris
aqtivobis
erTerT
mTavar
Tu
kompedenturobis
aRqmis
mniSvnelovneba
gansazRvruli da Sesabamisad, individisaTvis
mizans
warmoadgens
(kostneri,
1987:383–390).
Aamdenad, situaciebSi (magaliTad, gasarTobi TamaSebi, sadac Sejibrebis
komponenti ar figurirebs), sadac kompedenturobis Sesaxeb informacia
irelevanturia, am maxasiaTeblis mniSvnelovneba SesamCnevad mcirdeba.
verbalur
ganxiluli
socialur
moTxovnebis
rekomendaciebi
sakmaod
ukukavSirTa
SeiZleba
kargad
Cans
(garkveuli
vuwodoT,
Sefasebis
gamoyenebis
mimarT
zemoT
maT
ufro
TvalsazrisiT
vidre
moTxovnebi)
procesze
SezRuduloba
orientirebis
moTxovnis
magaliTze: relevantur kvlevaTa Sedegebis mixedviT (miuleri 1998:33-52;
keminsi...
procesze
1999:835-847),
da
ara
rogorc
Sedegze
vnaxeT,
an
umjobesia
ukukavSiri
pirovnebaze/Tvisebaze
iyos
fokusirebuli.
56
yuradReba, qeba (waqezeba) da saerTod, Sefaseba mimarTuli unda iqnas
Zalisxmevasa da samuSao strategiebze, rac niSnavs, rom adamiani unda
vaqoT misi muSaobis procesisaTvis (amocanaze, efeqtur strategiebze,
rTuli
amocanebis mimarT
mondomebaze
fokusireba)
da
ara Sedegis,
produqtis an im unarisTvis, romlis wyalobiTac Sedegi iqna miRebuli.
magram
miRwevis
situciaTa
aralaboratoriul
pirobebSi)
umravlesobaSi
(gansakuTrebiT
adamianisTvis xSirad
aseve
aqtualuri
xdeba Sesrulebis Sedegis, produqtis Sesaxeb garkveuli informaciis
floba/miReba
(dveki...
1988:256-273).
amdenad,
miuxedavad
imisa,
rom
Sesrulebis miznebze orientaciis Sedegad viTardeba warumateblobis
mimarT mowyvladoba, Sesrulebaze zrunvac SeiZleba iyos garkveuli
mniSvnelobiT
adafturi.
adamianisTvis
sakuTari
magaliTad,
unarebis
zogjer
Sefaseba
Zalian
an
maTi
mniSvnelovania
unaris
Sesaxeb
pozitiuri Sefasebis miReba. marTlac SesaZloa zogjer es swavlis
miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis kargi winapirobac iyos: sakuTari susti da
Zlieri mxareebis obieqturad diagnostireba SeiZleba aucilebeli nabiji
aRmoCndes swavlis procesSi. agreTve pozitiuri Sefasebis miReba im
adamianebis
codnis
mxridan,
miRebisa
aucilebeli
vinc
da
etapi
adekvaturobis
flobs
mniSvnelovan
unar-Cvevebis
aRmoCndes.
damtkicebaze
resursebs,
aTvisebisken
swrafvisTvis
sinamdvileSi,
mometebul
SesaZloa
mxolod
zrunvas
da
aseve
sakuTari
wuxils
mihyavs
adamiani swavlis im potenciurad faseuli SesaZleblobebis ignorirebis,
aridebis an mitovebisaken, romlebsac aRZravs problemebi. sxvagvarad
rom
vTqvaT,
Sedegis
realisturi
interpretacia
sasargebloa
imis
gansasazRvrad, Tu ra raodenobis Zalisxmevis gamoyeneba dasWirdeba da
ra unar-Cvevis aTviseba uWirs adamians, Sesrulebis romeli aspeqtebi
SeuZlia
ukve
gaaZlieros
daZleulad
Sinagani
CaTvalos.
motivacia,
SesaZloa
agreTve
amgvarma
momaval
informaciam
Sesrulebaze
kontrolis gaZlierebis gancda anu Tu Sefaseba garkveulwilad da ara
kategoriulad mianiSnebs sasurveli standartis Sesaxeb, individisTvis
gasagebi gaxdeba, ras unda miaRwios momavalSi msgavsi gamowvevis dros.
garda amisa, aqtivobaTa umravlesoba, maT Soris gasarTobi TamaSic,
ramdenadme
Seicavs
miRwevis
komponents
da
amdenad,
dakavSirebulia
57
Sesrulebis
xarisxTan
an
produqtTan.
SesaZloa
Sesrulebis
Sedegi
adamianisTvis ar iyos mTavari mocemuli aqtivobis ganxorcielebisas anu
meorexarisxovani mniSvneloba eniWebodes, magram garkveulwilad mainc
erTgvar dainteresebas iwvevdes masSi.
bunebrivia
agreTve
interpersonaluri
urTierTobis
sferoSic
adamianis daintereseba sakuTari unarebis an sxva adamianebis mxridan
misi pirovnuli Tvisebebis SefasebiT. magaliTad, Tu Sesrulebis Sedegis
Sefaseba
realisturad
warmoadgens
obieqtur
informaciis
miwodebas,
asaxavs
warmatebas
Sefasebas,
rac
igi
daexmareba
an
warumateblobas
uzrunvelyofs
adamians
anu
sasargeblo
aqtivobaSi
CarTvis
regulaciaSi (delini... 1994:219-241; kanousi... 1981:97-115; Sanki... 1997:195-208;
stipeki
2002:54-67).
sxva
adamianTa
mxridan
sakuTari
Tvisebebisa
da
unarebis Sefasebis mimarT interesi uamrav kvlevaSia aRwerili, rogorc
mxardaWeris
(aloi...
mopovebis_self-enhancement
1988:223-265;
baumeisteri
1982:3-26; bridli 1978:56-71; brouni... 1988:4445-453; kempbeli 1986:281-294) an mekoncefciis
1969:300-305,
bunebrivi
mizniT
(adamsi...
Semowmebis_self-verification
leventali...
socialuri
1969:295-296,
sveni...
urTierTobebis
(mxardaWeris,
gamarTlebis
1964:19-25;
1982:59-66)
procesSi
mopoveba
leventali...
moTxovnileba:
adamianebi
an
sxvadasxva
Tavdajerebulobis
gaZliereba) uneburad mainc iTxoven da Tavadac axdenen erTmaneTis
xasiaTis,
pirovnuli
Tvisebebis
Sefasebas
ubralo
diagnozismagvari
komentaris, Seqebis an sayveduris saxiT.
amdenad, savsebiT gamarTlebulia ukukavSiris iseTi maxasiaTeblis
Ziebis mcdeloba, romelic Tvisebaze, unarsa da Sedegze fokusirebis
SemTxvevaSic ar kargavs Tavis pozitiur implikacias.
meore garemoeba, romelic ramodenime maxasiaTeblis erTi, ufro
farTo
kategoriis
zogierTi
saxiT
moTxovnis,
fokusirebis
warmodgenis
kerZod,
moTxovnis
mizanSewonilebaze
Sefasebis
relevanturobas
Sinaarsis
exeba.
miuTiTebs,
Zalisxmevaze
pirvel
rigSi,
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zalisxmeva unarTan SedarebiT gacilebiT viwro cnebiT
kategorias
warmoadgens,
rac
maTi,
rogorc
ukukavSiris
erTi
maxasiaTeblis ganzomilebaTa Tanafardobas mniSvnelovnad cvlis (anu am
cnebaTa
mniSvnelobebi
xvedriTi
wonis
TvalsazriT
gansxavebulia).
58
magaliTad, unari SesaZloa exebodes sxvadasxva afeqtur (zogadi an
specifikuri mgrZnobiarobis xarisxi, xasiaTis emociuri aspeqtebi da a.S.),
kognitur
(magaliTad
azrovneba,
mexsiereba
da
a.S.)
da
socialur
SesaZleblobebsac ki (TanamSromlobiToba, tolerantoba da a.S.). misgan
gansxvavebiT
Zalisxmeva
motivaciuri
(swrafvis)
Sinaarsobrivad
komponentis
Zalze
garda
SezRudulia
erTgvari
da
sxeulebrivi,
inteleqtualuri, kognituri da/an emociuri daZabulobis mdgomareobas
aRniSnavs. igi garkveuli TvalsazrisiT nebismieri unaris gamomuSavebis
mimarT
instrumentarul
saSualebadac
ki
SeiZleba
iqnas
aRqmuli.
amavedros, miuxedavad imisa, rom Sefasebis maxasiaTebelTa Seswavlaze
mimarTuli kvlevebis umravlesoba ufro xSirad saswavlo procesTan
aris
asocirebuli,
Zalisxmevaze
orientireba
Sinaarsobrivad
mainc
gacilebiT specifikuria da mxolod (exclusively) miRwevis situaciebSi
SeiZleba CaiTvalos relevanturad.
garda
amisa,
SesaZloa
Zalisxmevaze
fokusirebuli
Sefasebis
aRniSnuli efeqti pozitiuri aRmoCndes mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac igi
proces-relevanturia
anu
gamoixateba,
rogorc
procesi
(magaliTad,
"Tqven marTlac mondomebiT imuSaveT"; "mTeli arsebiT fiqrobT amocanis
dasrulebaze" da a.S.). amis gamo SeiZleba Seiqmnas STabeWdileba, rom
Zalisxmeva procesis erTerT saxeobad SegviZlia warmovidginoT, rogorc
erTgvarad gvTavazobs kidec zogierTi mkvlevari (henderlongi... 2002:774795): Seqebis zegavlenis ganxilvisas henderlongi da leperi aRniSnaven,
rom unarsa da Zalisxmevaze orientirebuli Seqeba SeiZleba CavTvaloT
ufro farTo kategoriis _ pirovnebasa anu Tvisebaze-orientirebuli da
procesze orientirebuli Seqebis qve-kategoriad, rac, Tu ufro Rrmad
davfiqrdebiT,
Zalisxmevis
ase
martivad
myari
ar
moxerxdeba.
warmovidginoT
Tundac
pirovnuli
Taviseburebis
saxiT
Tvisebis,
formulirebis SesaZlebloba.
magaliTad, Sinaarsobrivad Zalisxmevaze
fokusirebuli ori ukukavSiri SesaZloa erT SemTxvevaSi warmodgenili
iyos
procesis
saxiT
(magaliTad,
"amocanis
SesrulebisaTvis
Tqven
marTlac didi Zalisxmeva gagiRiaT"), xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ unaris
an
Tvisebis saxiT (magaliTad, "Tqven gaxasiaTebT didi ZalisxmeviT
muSaobis unari
amocanis Sesrulebisas"), rac ukukavSiris miwodebis
59
formazea
damokidebuli
(“mondomebis”)
an
ukukavSiri
da
"unaris"
"amocanis
(arapirdairi,
nagulisxmebi
"Tqven
imisa,
msjelobis
ar
rom
sityva
Tqven
unari"
mniSvnelobiT)
gaxasiaTebT
ar
magaliTad,
gamoiyeneT
implicituri
sruliad
logikuri
ukukavSiris
“Zalisxmevis”
Taviseburebebze.
Sesrulebisas
logikuri
miuxedavad
vTqvaT,
semantikur
gamoamJRavneT)
ukukavSirisagan
ara,
SinaarsiT
gansxvavdeba
msjelobis
Sinaarsobriv
(an
unari".
fokuss
orive
SemTxvevaSi unari warmoadgens, pirveli saxiT formulireba gulisxmobs
(impliciturad
moiazrebs),
rom
saubaria
erT
situaciaSi
unaris
gamovlenaze, meore saxis anu ganzogadebulad formulireba ki exeba
saerTod unaris arsebobis faqts. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
Zalisxmevasa
implicitur
mxolod
da
efeqts
maTi
moTxovnas
unarze
fokusirebuli
sinamdvileSi,
miwodebis
Sefasebis
forma
ukukavSirebis
savsebiT
(am
Zalisxmevaze
SesaZloa,
SemTxvevaSi
fokusirebis
gansxvavebul
gansazRvravdes
ganzogadeba),
Sesaxeb
rac
sruliad
aufasurebs, radganac Zalisxmevis unaris, Tvisebis saxiT formulirebis
SemTxvevaSi (magaliTad, "TqvenTvis damaxasiaTebelia Zalisxmevis gaReba
muSaobisas";
bolomde
"Tqven
gaxasiaTebT
misayvanad"
da
a.S.)
mTeli
ZalisxmeviT
Sefasebam
SesaZloa
muSaoba
myar
saqmis
Tvisebaze
fokusirebuli ukukavSiris msgavsi efeqti moaxdinos. aseT SemTxvevaSi
Sefasebis Zalisxmevaze orientirebis moTxovna irelevanturi aRmoCndeba:
_
zogierTma
Zalisxmevis
mkvlevarma
wamoayena
formulirebis
kidec
SemTxvevaSi
sakiTxi
Tvisebis
ukukavSiris
saxiT
zegavlenis
Seswavlis saWiroebis Sesaxeb (miuleri 1998:33-52; kaminsi... 1997:835-847).
amrigad, rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli maxasiaTeblebis pozitiuri
zegavlenis pirobiToba da SezRuduloba, agreTve Sefasebis garkveul
maxasiaTebelTa
ramdenadme
urTierTgadamfaravi
mniSvnelobebi
maTSi
saTanadod garkvevas da, ufro naTlad, gansazRvruli kategoriis saxiT
gaerTianebis mcdelobas savsebiT aqtualurs xdis.
1.4.
ganzogadeba
da
konkretizacia,
rogorc
ganzogadebuloba-
specifikurobis, pirovnebaze (Tvisebaze)-procesze fokusirebulobisa da
60
unarze-Zalisxmevaze
orientirebulobis
implicitur
efeqtebze
pasuxismgebeli procesebi
1.4.1. ganzogadebis procesis negatiuri implicituri Taviseburebebi
ukukavSiris calkeul maxasiaTebelTa erT kategoriad gaerTianeba,
cxadia,
moiTxovs
erTismxriv,
im
saerToa
ZiriTadi
procesis
TviToeuli
gansazRvras,
maxasiaTeblisaTvis
da
romelic
amavedros
asaxavs mimarTebas mis urTerTdapirispirebul aspeqtebs (mxareebs) Soris
(magaliTad, unarsa da Zalisxmevas Soris, pirovnebas an Tvisebasa da
process
Soris).
maxasiaTebelTa
aRqmasTan
Mmeoremxriv,
implicitur
procesi
pasuxs
zemoqmedebaze
dakavSirebul
potenciuri
es
gancdiT
SesaZleblobebis
unda
anu
aseT
am
TviT-faseulobis
aspeqtebze
aRqma).
agebdes
(autonomiurobis,
process
pirveli
sami
maxasiaTeblis SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens ganzogadeba, romlic safuZvlad
udevs,
rogorc
ganzogadebulobis,
aseve
pirovnebaze
(Tvisebaze)
fokusirebulobisa da unarze orientirebulobis negatiur implicitur
zegavlenas
da,
amdenad,
iZleva
am
maxasiaTebelTa
ufro
farTo
kategoriad gaerTianebis saSualebas.
ganzogadebuloba-specifikuroba, rogorc ukukavSiris maxasiaTebeli,
cxadia, TavisTavadac gulisxmobs, rom am aspeqtebs Soris mimarTebis
ganmsazRvrel
process
ganzogadeba
warmoadgens,
unarze-Zalisxmevaze
fokusirebulobisa da pirovnebze(Tvisebaze)-procesze orientirebulobis
SemTxvevaSi ki mas naklebad aqceven yuradRebas, Tumca pirobiT TviTfaseulobasTan
dakavSirebuli
gancdebis
aRmocenebas,
(garegani
kontrolisa da potenciur SesaZleblobaTa SezRudulobis gancdebs)
unarsa
da
pirovnebaze(Tvisebaze)
SemTxvevaSic
rogorc
swored
ukve
Zalisxmevis
miwodebis
ganzogadebis
aRvniSneT
ganzogadebis
warmovadginoT,
procesi
procesi
(winamdebare
gansxvavebuli
formiT
fokusirebuli
aris
azrovnebiTi
33-35),
sinamdvileSi
ganpirobebuli,
gansazRvravs.
rogorc
gansazRvravs. magaliTad,
naSromi:
implikaciebi
ukukavSirebis
kerZod,
unarisa
ukukavSiris
romelsac
Tavismxriv
azrovneba
operaciebis
da
SeiZleba
periodulad
61
Sesrulebis
anu
garkveuli
kognituri
procesebis
Sedegad
gamomuSavebuli unari. Sesabamisad, konkretuli amocanis Sesrulebis
safuZvelze azrovnebis Sefaseba warmoadgens garkveuli inteleqtualuri
procesis, an, Tundac Zalisxmevis ganzogadebul Sefasebas, romelic
nebismier konkretul SemTxvevaSi aRemateba, ar Seesabameba individis
uSualo gamocdilebas anu individs ar gaaCnia sakmarisi sensoruli
safuZveli aseTi SefasebisaTvis. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, adamianisaTvis
naklebad
SesaZlebelia
igrZnos
sakuTari
inteleqtis
koeficientis
Sesabamisoba amocanis Sesrulebisas gancdilTan, radganac azrovnebis
unari, rogorc zogadi, abstraqtuli cneba ramdenadme scdeba individis
konkretul (amocanis Sesrulebis) gamocdilebas, romlis safuZvelzec
man miiRo es Sefaseba. Aamdenad, azrovnebis, rogorc zogadi unaris
Sefasebis miRebisas igi advilad kargavs sakuTari
marTvis
mimarT
Zalisxmevaze
ndobas
(e.w.
fokusirebuli
autonomiurobis
ukukavSiri,
SesaZleblobebis
gancdas).
romelic
Aamavedros,
dRemde
aRweril
kvlevebSi formulirebulia ara rogorc individis Zalisxmevis gawevis
zogadi
unari,
Sesrulebisas
aramed,
rogorc
gamoCenili
garkveuli
mondomebuloba,
konkretuli
erTgvarad
amocanis
Seesabameba,
ar
scdeba individis konkretul gamocdilebas. Sedegad, individs ufro
advilad mohyavs igi SesabamisobaSi gamocdilebasTan da autonomiurobis,
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis kontrolis gancdac uZlierdeba. ramdenadac
unari
(ganzogadebulad
Sefasebis
SemTxvevaSi)
ar
aRiqmeba,
rogorc
grZnobadi da kontrolirebadi, unar-fokusirebuli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi
autonomiurobis dakargvis gancdasTan erTad mosalodnelia individma
gamoavlinos
qcevis
araadafturi
nimuSis
komponentebi,
magaliTad,
aqtivobis Tavidan aridebis tendencia, rac sruliad gasagebi iqneboda:
pasuxismgeblobis aReba inteleqtis koeficientis maCvenebelze, romelic,
cxadia, gancdaSi ar eZleva adamians, ramdenadme arabunebrivic ki aris,
rasac
ver
(adamians
vityviT
azrovnebis
Tavisuflad
SeuZlia
procesSi
gamoyenebul
pasuxismgebloba
aiRos
Zalisxmevaze
imaze,
rom
momavalSi amocanis Sesrulebisas, vTqvaT, ifiqrebs amocanis amoxsnaze).
aseT SemTxvevaSi individi grZnobs, rom Zalisxmevas, romelic azrovnebis
62
procesis ganxorcielebaSi mdgomareobs, igi akontrolebs (anu maszea
damokidebuli ifiqrebs Tu ara).
mniSvnelovania agreTve aRvniSnoT, rom unaris, rogorc ZalisxmeviT
gamomuSavebuli
Sedegis
anu
ganzogadebulad
Sefaseba,
erTgvari
diagnozis saxes atarebs, rac gulisxmobs Semfaseblis mxridan individis
gansxvavebuli qmedebis SesaZleblobis ignorirebas da Sesabamisad iwvevs
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
SezRudulobis
gancdas,
rac
aseve
dakavSirebulia pirobiTi TviT-faseulobis aRqmasTan.
amrigad, SeiZleba vifiqroT rom cvalebadobisa da mudmivobis (anu
potenciur SesaZleblobaTa SezRudulobis/SeuzRudaobis), aseve aRqmuli
kontrolis
implikacia,
Zalisxmevaze
razec
TiTqos
fokusirebuloba,
pasuxs
agebs
sinamdvileSi
unarsa
miwodebis
da
formiT
ganisazRvreba, miwodebis formas ki, Tavismxriv, ganzogadebis procesi
gansazRvravs.
ganzogadebis procesi gansazRvravs agreTve pirovnebaze(Tvisebaze)
da
procesze
orientirebul
ukukavSirTa
miwodebis
formasac,
rac,
Tavismxriv ganapirobebs gansxvavebul implicitur efeqtebsac. kerZod,
pirovnebaze
kvlevaSi
(Tvisebaze)
fokusirebuli
warmodgenilia
faqtoris
garkveul
(kritikuloba,
ganzogadebuli
situaciaSi
agresiuloba,
Sefasebis
saxiT.
Sefaseba
yvela
relevantur
gamovlenili
simamace,
magaliTad,
Sinagani
sikeTe
da
ukukavSiri
a.S.)
"Tqven
gaxasiaTebT sakuTari Tavis kritikulad Sefasebis tendencia" an "Tqven
TviTkritikuli xarT" aRniSnavs ara TviTkritikulobis gamovlenis erT
konkretul SemTxvevas (faqts), aramed warmoadgens daskvnas rig sxva
SemTxvevebSi
am
faqtiurad,
es
cxovrebiseuli
gamovlenis
Tvisebis
aris
individis
rac,
gancdils
albaTobis
warsuli
ganmavlobaSi
cxadia,
da,
maRali
mTeli
gamocdilebis
Sefaseba,
aqtivobisas
gamovlenis
da
Sesaxeb.
momavali
TviTkritikulobis
scildeba
nebismieri
konkretuli
Sesabamisad,
amcirebs
individis
autonomiurobis gancdas (adamianis darwmunebulobas ama Tu im Tvisebis
flobisa
Tvisebaze
da
an
warmodgenilia
gamovlenis
TavisuflebaSi).
pirovnebaze
pirovnebasTan
meoremxriv,
ukukavSiris
fokusirebisas
pirovnuli
asocirebulad
anu
Tviseba
rogorc
misi
63
ganuyofeli nawili, rac gulisxmobs mis erTgvar identificirebas am
TvisebasTan.
es
garemoeba
winaswarmetyvelebadobas,
SesaZleblobebze
xazs
usvams
gansazRvrulobas
mianiSnebs.
magaliTad,
da
pirovnebis
mis
ukukavSiri
SezRudul
"Tqven
simamace
gaxasiaTebT" (an "Tqven mamaci adamini xarT")'impliciturad gamoricxavs
sawinaaRmdego Tvisebis _ simxdalis gamovlenis SesaZleblobas swored
Tvisebis pirovnebasTan asocirebis, identificirebis gamo. sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, SesaZloa adamianma zogjer simamace gamoiCinos, zogjer ki
simxdale,
magram
Sesabamisad,
erTgvarad
Tu
mxdali
zRudavs
igi
ver
mamacia
iqneba.
adamianis
anu
asocirebulia
amdenad,
Sefasebis
Tavisufal
qmedebas,
simamacesTan,
aseTi
sakuTari
formac
Tavis
gansxvavebulad gamovlinebis SesaZleblobis ignorirebas axdens.
amrigad,
rogorc
aRmoCnda,
ganzogadebis
procesi
gansazRvravs
ganzogadebulobis, pirovnebaze(Tvisebaze) fokusirebulobisa da unarze
orientirebulobis negatiur implicitur zegavlenas anu pirobiTi TviTfaseulobis aRqmasTan dakavSirebul gancdiT aspeqtebs (autonomiurobis
dakargvis,
potenciuri
Sesabamisad,
SesaZleblobebis
mizanSewonilia
SezRudulobis
aRqma).
ganzogadebuloba-specifikurobis,
pirovnebaze
(Tvisebaze)-procesze
Zalisxmevaze
orientirebulobis
fokusirebulobis
erT,
SedarebiT
da
farTo
unarze-
kategoriad
gaerTianeba ganzogadebis procesis safuZvelze moxdes.
aseT SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, aucilebelia ganisazRvros ganzogadebis
sawinaaRmdego procesic, romelsac eyrdnoba Zalisxmevaze fokusirebuli,
procesze
orientirebuli
implicituri
zegavlena
da
specifikuri
(autonomiurobis,
Sefasebis
pozitiuri
SeuzRudavi
potenciuri
SesaZleblobebis aRqma).
am
saerTo
fokusirebuli
ukukavSirebi,
komponents,
da
romelsac
procesze
warmoadgens
Seicavs,
orientirebuli,
mocemuli
momentis,
rogorc
Zalisxmevaze
aseve
specifikuri
arsebuli
situaciis
gaTvaliswineba, rac Zalisxmevisa da procesis Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi „aq
da
amJamad“
qmedebiT,
specifikurobis
SemTxvevaSi
ki
garkveuli
proceduris aRweriT (strategias, meTodi) gamoixateba. samive SemTxvevaSi
Sefaseba exeba da ar Sordeba mocemuli situaciis farglebs. amdenad,
64
igi ufro Seesabameba individis sensorul gamocdilebas, rac, rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, asocirebulia autonomiurobis gancdis gaZlierebasTan.
rac Seexeba potenciur SesaZleblobaTa SeuzRudaobis aRqmas, TviTfaseulobis am gancdiT aspeqts gacilebiT naklebad aqceven yuradRebas
socialuri
SesaZloa
Sefasebis
upirobo
pozitiuri
pozitiuri
implikaciebis
yuradRebis
ganxilvisas,
aRqmis
efeqtis
rac
misaRebad
keTilsasurveli klimatis Seqmnis rTuli, kompleqsuri xasiaTiT iyos
ganpirobebuli
(rojersi
SeuzRudaobis
implikacias
klinikuri
SesaZloa
fsiqologebi
adafturi
1961:136-147).
qcevis
da
potenciur
adaftur
nimuSTan
fsiqoTerapevtebi
qcevis
gansxvavebul
SesaZleblobaTa
ZiriTadad
ukavSireben,
aspeqtebze
Tumca
amaxvileben
yuradRebas (fsiqoTerapiis garkveul TeoriebSi ufro metad SeimCneva
pozitiuri
TviT-kogniciebis,
sakuTari
Tavis
Sesaxeb
warmodgenis
gaumjobesebisa da zogadad pirovnuli zrdis anu ganviTarebis sakiTxTa
aqcentireba, zogierTi mimarTuleba ki upiratesobas dabrkolebebisa da
problemebis daZlevisaTvis adekvaturi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas anu
uSualod
adaftaciis
sakiTxebs
aniWebs).
amdenad,
mizanSewonilia es
implikacia da masze pasuxismgebeli procesi fsiqoTerapiul TeoriaTa
konteqstSi iqnes ganxiluli.
1.4.2.
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
SeuzRudaobis
implikacia
fsiqoTerapiul TeoriaTa konteqstSi: Sefasebis konkretizaciis procesi
fsiqoTerapiis
TeoriebSi
didi
yuradReba
eqceva
arapirdapiri,
faqizi zemoqmedebis SesaZleblobebsa da formebs, maT Soris, cxadia,
verbalur
ukukavSirTa
struqturasac.
zemoqmedebis
implicituri
aspeqtebis mimarT praqtikos fsiqologTa aseTi daintereseba sruliad
bunebrivia, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im garemoebas, rom socialuri da
pirovnebaTSorisi
sferos
exeba
zegavlena
da
maTi
amavdroulad
gansakuTrebuli
ZiriTad
pasuxismgeblobis
samuSao
instrumentsac
warmoadgens. amdenad, am TemasTan dakavSirebiT metad sagulisxmo da
Rirebulia garkveul fsiqoTerapiul mimarTulebaTa poziciebi, romelTa
mixedviTac
damokidebulebis
garkveuli
gaucnobierebeli
aspeqtebi
65
pirdapir
ki
ar
arapirdapir,
aisaxeba
calkeuli
struqturis
formis
ukukavSiris
CarTuli
meSveobiT,
SinaarsSi,
sityvis
rac
an
niSnavs,
aramed
gamoixateba
TviTon
verbaluri
rom
Sefasebis
forma
TavisTavad gulisxmobs (impliciturad moiazrebs) garkveul informacias,
romelsac individi gaucnobiereblad gascems da Rebulobs. xSirad es
implicituri
informacia
ganviTarebis
safuZveli
qcevis
xdeba.
adafturi/araadafturi
Ees
mosazreba,
cxadia
nimuSis
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa SeuzRudavobis implikaciazec vrceldeba. magaliTad,
neirolingvisturi programirebis mixedviT potenciur SesaZleblobaTa
SeuzRudavobis
implikacias
(generalizacia
anu
iwvevs
ganzogadeba,
universaluri
gamotoveba,
damaxinjebuli, gaRaribebuli samyaros modelis,
procesebis
gamrudeba)
mier
agreTve sakuTar Tavsa
da sxva adamianebze warmodgenis aRdgenis procesi, romelic uSualo
gamocdilebasTan kavSiris damyarebaSi anu konkretuli gamocdilebis
aRdgenaSi mdgomareobs (grindleri... 1995:68).
kerZod, neiro-lingvisturi programirebis mixedviT universaluri
procesebi
generalizacia
(puseliki...
1995:13),
modelebis
(ganzogadeba),
romelTa
Seqmnis
arsic
unaria,
gamotoveba
simboloebiT
erTismxriv
da
gamrudeba
manipulireba
samyaros
anu
modelirebiT
uzrunvelyofs adamianis orientirebas am samyaroSi da xels uwyobs mis
zrda-ganviTarebas,
meoremxriv
adamians
ganviTarebis
Semdgomi
ki
Seqmnili
saSualebas
modelis
ar
SezRuduloba
aZlevs.
magaliTad,
generalizacia anu ganzogadeba warmoadgens process, romlis drosac
ama
Tu
im
individisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli
modelis
elementebi
anu
nawilebi wydeba modelis Seqmnis wyaros - sawyis gamocdilebas da iwyebs
im
kategoriis
gamocdileba
reprezentirebas,
mxolod
kerZo
romelTan
SemTxvevas
mimarTebaSic
warmoadgens.
mocemuli
erTismxriv,
generalizaciis anu ganzogadebis unari mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs
Cvens
warmatebul
sasargebloa
urTierTqmedebaSi
gaxurebul
qurasTan
samyarosTan.
Sexebisas
magaliTad,
damwvrobis
miRebis
gamocdileba ganvazogadoT da gamovitanoT daskvna, rom cxel qurasTan
Sexeba ar SeiZleba. magram, Tu Cven ganvazogadebT am gamocdilebas iseTi
mtkicebulebis saxiT, rogoric aris, magaliTad
"qurebi saSiSia da
66
saWiroa
moveridoT
oTaxebs,
sadac
isini
dgas",
Cven
yovelgvari
aucileblobis gareSe SevizRudavT samyaroSi moqmedebis Tavisuflebas.
aqedan
gamomdinare,
damokidebulia
arCevanis
gamocdilebis
mravalferovneba
ganzogadebis
garkveulwilad
xarisxsa
da
mizanSewonilebaze. usiamovno gancdebTan dakavSirebuli gamocdileba
ganzogadebis Sedegad SesaZloa gavrceldes ufro farTo kategoriis
movlenebze, ufro masStaburi, Sesabamisad, sruliad dauZleveli gaxdes.
magaliTad,
daskvna
_
"anas
ar
vuyvarvar"
SeiZleba
ganzogaddes
mtkicebulebad _ "qalebs ar vuyvarvar", rac mniSvnelovnad arTulebs
problemis
gadaWras.
generalizacia,
(gamrudeba
da
gamotoveba)
erTismxriv sasargebloa, radgan rTulsa da mravalferovan samyaroSi
adamians orientaciis saSualebas aZlevs, magram meoremxriv, (Tu, ra Tqma
unda adamiani CaTvlis, rom samyaros miseuli modeli da TviTon samyaro
identuria), modelis gaubraloeba da gamartiveba (sawyisi gamocdilebis
detalebis,
nawilebis
dakargvis
gamo)
pirovnebas
moqmedebis
SesaZleblobebs uzRudavs da mwiri arCevanis winaSe ayenebs.
ganzogadebis procesis meSveobiT SesaZloa individma SeimuSavos
wesi "ar gamoamJRavno Seni gancdebi", rac, SesaZloa koncentraciuli
banakis pirobebSi sasargeblo aRmoCndes. Cveulebriv pirobebSic es wesi
warmatebiT daicavs adamians sxva individTa mxridan uaryofis usiamovno
gancdebisaganac, samagierod ar miscems mas sxva adamianebTan siaxlovis
gancdis saSualebas, rac martoobisa da usargeblobis grZnobebs iwvevs.
amdenad, n.l.p.-Si pacientis generalizebul warmodgenebTan muSaoba
gulisxmobs pacientis sawyis gamocdilebasa da misi samyaros models
Soris
kavSiris
aRdgenas,
generalizaciis
Sedegad
aRmocenebuli
dauZleveli dabrkolebis dayvanas raime garkveul movlenamde, romelTan
gamklavebis dawyebac pacients SeuZlia da bolos, pacientis modelis
gamdidrebas
farTo
da
arCevans.
Sevsebas
detalebiT,
arCevanis
rac
uzrunvelyofs
mravalferovneba
moqmedebis
damyarebuli
iqneba
gansxvavebebze, romlebic adre ar iyo warmodgenili modelSi. am mizanTa
miRwevisaTvis ZiriTad relevantur process warmoadgens generalizaciis
sawinaaRmdego procesi _ e.w. siRrmiseuli reprezentaciis aRdgena, rac
ganzogadebul warmodgenaTa da
SefasebaTa dakonkretebaSi mdgomareobs
67
da uzrunvelyofs individis potenciur SesaZleblobaTa SeuzRudavobis
aRqmas.
sakuTar
SesaZleblobaTa
SeuzRudavobis
implikaciis
Sesabamisi
fsiqologiuri procesi fsiqosinTezSi e.w. dis-identifikaciis saxiT aris
warmodgenili
(asajioli...
1990:119),
rac
pirovnebisaTvis
faseulobasTan,
cxovrebis
mTavar
mizanTan
cxovrebiseul
rolebTan
an
mijaWvulobisagan
udides
umniSvnelovanes
anu
e.w.
TviT-
identifikaciebisagan ganTavisuflebas gulisxmobs.
Aasajiolis mixedviT TviT-identifikacia, ramdenad mniSvnelovanic
ar
unda
iyos
TavisTavad
misi
sagani
(magaliTad
modelisa
da
aTletisaTvis _ fizikuri sxeuli, inteleqtualebisaTvis _ gonebrivi
saqmianoba, qalisTvis _ meuRlis an dedis roli da a.S.), ar iZleva
wminda TviTobis gamocdilebas da sakmaod mZime Sedegebic mohyveba:
individi sinamdvileSi ver Seicnobs, ver acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs,
pirovnebis erT nawilTan identifikacia gamoricxavs an Zalze amcirebs
sxva
pirovnul
nawilebTan
TviT-identifikaciis
SesaZleblobas
da
amdenad zRudavs, aRaribebs pirovnebas (fsiqoTerapiis konteqstSi es
fsiqosinTezis procesis dabrkolebaSi aisaxeba). garda amisa, TviTon
sicocxlis,
cxovrebis
SeuZlebels
aTleturi
xdis.
procesi
magaliTad,
Zliereba
ikargeba
TviT-identifikaciis
lamazi
qali
gaxangrZlivebas
gardauvlad
xanSiSesulobasTan
erTad,
berdeba,
Svilebis
momwifebis an sikvdilis SemTxvevaSi ikargeba dedobis funqcia, roli da
a.S. es yvelaferi xSirad mZime krizisis mizezi xdeba.
dis-identifikaciis
procedura
gulisxmobs
iseT
fsiqologiur
faqtebsa da movlenebze anu Sinagan procesebze dakvirvebas, ase, vTqvaT,
"gonebis Tvalis"
warmarTvas, romelTa gacnobierebac
SegviZlia anu
introspeqcias. Sedegad subieqtis ("me") mier fsiqologiuri procesebi
warmodgenilia,
rogorc
mocemul
momentSi
arsebuli,
cvalebadi
da
misgan ganyenebuli, magram, rogorc sakuTar TavSi arsebuli da ara,
rogorc gareSe movlenad moazrebuli da ukve momxdari. damkvirvebeli
ki, piriqiT
_ ganicdeba, rogorc mudmivi, stabiluri. Semdgom ukve
damkvirvebeli
daakvirdes,
acnobierebs,
aramed
rom
met-naklebad
mas
SeuZlia
zemoqmedebac
ara
marto
moaxdinos
pasiurad
sxvadasxva
68
fsiqologiur
mdgomareobaTa
nakadze.
amdenad,
dis-identifikaciis
Sedegad adamiani grZnobs fsiqologiur procesTa marTvis, maTi flobis
SesaZleblobas da amavedros acnobierebs, rom Tavad ufro metia, vidre
myisieri
mdgomareoba,
ar
roliT,
qceviT
a.S.,
da
ganisazRvreba
rom
misi
raime
grZnobiT,
potenciuri
surviliT,
SesaZleblobebi
SeuzRudavia.
rogorc TviTidentifikaciis, aseve dis-identifikaciis procesebi,
cxadia aisaxeba enobriv struqturebSi da Tanac savsebiT gansxvavebulad,
rac ZiriTadad am ukanasknelTa formiT gamoixateba. magaliTad, TviTidentifikacias asaxavs gamonaTqvamebi "gaRizianebuli var", "ukmayofilo
var", "Suriani var" da a.S.'gaRizianebis, ukmayofilebis mdgomareobisagan
da
Suris
miviRebT
gancdisagan
gamonaTqvamebs:
ukmayofilebas",
aqtis
"me
"vgrZnob
identificirebis
procesebi
pirovnebis
warmodgenilia
saxiT.
vgrZnob
Surs"
SemTxvevaSi
dis-identificirebis
da
a.S.
subieqtis
garkveuli
amadevros,
gaRizianebas",
erTismxriv
'rogorc
("me")
mier
cvalebadi
SemTxvevaSi
"me
vxedavT,
dis-
fsiqologiuri
momentis,
ganyenebulad,
vgrZnob
calkeuli
magram,
rogorc
sakuTar TavSi arsebuli da ara, rogorc gareSe movlenad moazrebuli.
meoremxriv, subieqti maT ganicdis an sxvagvarad urTierTqmedebs masTan
anu aqtiur mdgomareobaSia, rac gamoixateba procesualuri sityvebiT,
magaliTad
sityviT
formulireba
"vgrZnob".
adamians
aZlevs
fsiqosinTezis
saSualebas
mixedviT
igrZnos,
rom
aseTi
garkveul
momentSi masSi mimdinareobs fsiqologiuri procesi, magram amavedros
igi ar aris misi Semadgeneli ucvleli nawili, aramed warmoadgens
cvalebad
process,
poziciaSi
imyofeba
romelTan
(rac
mimarTebaSic
gulisxmobs
pirovneba
dominantur
marTvis,
kontrolis
misi
SesaZleblobas) da amavedros ar ganisazRvreba, ar Semoifargleba misiT
(ufro metia, vidre es procesi), rac qmnis sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
SeuzRudaobis, ganusazRvrelobis implikacias.
pirovnebis
autonomiurobis
pirovnuli
warmoadgens,
mier
aRqma,
zrdisa
k.
sakuTari
da
rojersis
rac
SesaZleblobebis
saerTod
ganviTarebis
TeoriaSic
SeuzRudaobisa
humanistur
fsiqologiaSi
umniSvnelovanes
(madi
2002:80)
da
winapirobas
sakuTari
Tavis
69
mudmivad cvalebadi gamocdilebis centrad warmodgenas ukavSirdeba,
rasac,
Cveulebriv
"me-koncefciis"
rigiduloba
abrkolebs.
rojersis
mixedviT adamianis gamocdilebis bevri mxare (aspeqti) winaaRmdegobaSi
imyofeba mis "me-koncefciasTan", ris gamoc maTi srulad gancda aRar
xdeba. am mxareebs adamiani amrudebs imisaTvis, rom isini "me-koncefciis"
Sesabamisad aqcios, rac zRudavs pirovnebis mier sakuTari Tavis srulad
aRqmisa da gamoxatvis SesaZleblobebs. amdenad, fsiqoTerapiis erT-erT
ZiriTad
mizans
rojersis
mixedviT
"me-koncefciis"
gamdidreba,
misi
moculobisa da moqnilobis zrda warmoadgens, rac misgan gansxvavebuli
gamocdilebis gacnobierebisa da "me-koncefciaSi" integrirebis Sedegad
miiRweva. rojersi Tvlis, rom fsiqoTerapiis procesSi klientma unda
SeZlos
realur
sensorul
da
visceralur
reaqciaTa
Tavisufali
SegrZneba am gancdis "me"-Si CarTvis gareSe, rasac axlavs gancda, rom es
gamocdileba ar ekuTvnis "me"-s da ar ZaluZs masSi Sevides Semadgenel
nawilad. am procesis Sedegad klienti xvdeba, rom sinamdvileSi igi
Tavad
warmoadgens
mravalferovnebiTa
sakuTar
da
gamocdilebas
zedapiruli
mTeli
Tavisi
winaaRmdegobrivobiT
da
nacvlad, rom sakuTar gamocdilebas Seadaros "me-koncefcia"
imis
da am
gamocdilebidan uaryos "me-koncefciisaTvis" SeuTavsebeli fragmentebi,
mas SeuZlia mTlian gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT SeuzRudavad gamoxatos
sakuTari Tavi.
rogorc vxedavT, autonomiurobisa da potenciur SesaZleblobaTa
SeuzRudaobis aRqmis procesi asajiolisa da rojersis mixedviT sakmaod
msgavsia.
aRweris
amas
mcdelobac,
identifikaciisa
mixedviT
adasturebs
da
rojersis
romelic
saboloo
(rojersi
mier
ramdenadme
sinTezis
1998:121),
fsiqoTerapiis
mogvagonebs
miRwevis
magram
procesis
process
verbalur
dis-
asajiolis
socialur
SefasebebSiBaRniSnuli pozitiuri implikaciebis asaxvis SesaZleblobebi
rojersis
mixedviT
metad
SezRudulia.
metic,
Sinagani
procesebis
Tavisuflad aRqmisa da SemdgomSi "me-koncefciisaTvis" SeuTavsebeli
gancdebis
sakuTar
aradireqtiuli
fsiqologiuri
pirovnebaSi
fsiqoTerapiis
usafrTxoebis
integrirebis
procesSi
klimats
misaRwevad
fsiqoTerapevti
(rojersi
rojersis
qmnis
1997:41-74),
e.w.
romlis
70
erTerT umniSvnelovanes pirobasac iseTi garemos Seqmna warmoadgens,
sadac
klientis
rojersis
garedan
mixedviT
anu
sxvis
Sefaseba
mier
Sefaseba
zogadad
gamoricxulia.
aZlierebs
pirovnebis
fsiqologiur rigidulobas. igi ara mxolod pirovnebis sakuTar TavTan
anu "me"-s calkeul gaucnobierebel komponentebTan Sinagani saubris
blokirebasa da mis potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa ignorirebas axdens,
aramed qmnis ZiriTad dabrkolebas pirovnebaTSoris urTierTobebSic.
Aamavedros,
rojersi
ar
uaryofs
Sefasebis
mizanSewonilebas
iseT
institutebsa da dawesebulebebSi, rogoricaa skola da profesiuli
ganaTleba,
Tumca
Tvlis,
rom
es
pirovnebis
ganviTarebas
xels
ar
uwyobs.
Arac
Seexeba
implikaciebs,
verbaluri
rojersis
socialuri
mixedviT
es
Sefasebis
SesaZlebloba
pozitiur
mxolod
piradi
SefasebiTi reaqciebis SemTxvevaSi iqmneba (Tumca am SesaZleblobasac igi
ZiriTadad mxolod fsiqoTerapiis konteqstSi aRiarebs da ara, vTqvaT,
socialur
urTierTobebSi).
socialur
Sefasebas
nebismier
rojersi
sxva
SemTxvevaSi
verbalur
rogorc
adamianis
ganixilavs,
gamocdilebis ganzogadebas da pirobiT TviTfaseulobasTan asocirebul
negatiur implicitur zegavlenas miawers (autonomiurobis, potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
konteqstSi
SezRuduloba).
CarTuli
Sefaseba
Mmisi
mosazrebiT
warmoadgens
piradi
gamocdilebis
aRqmis
(sakuTari
gancdebis da SegrZnebebis) gaumrudeblad, zustad asaxvas, gacnobierebas
(Tu,
ra
Tqma
Seesabameba
unda,
am
gamocdilebis
gacnobierebuls)
kongruentuloba,
formulirebas,
Tavismxriv,
rac
da,
Sesaxeb
Sesabamisad
gamoricxavs
piradi
Setyobineba
gamocdilebis
srulad
kongruentulia.
Sefasebis
faqtis
ganzogadeba
saxiT
iqneboda,
magaliTad, "es qva magaria", "is sulelia", "Sen cudi xar" an "is Wkviania"
(rojersi 1998:400) da realobas warmoadgens, rogorc adamianis sakuTar
gancdas
da
ara,
rogorc
sxvasTan
dakavSirebul
faqts,
obieqtur
realobas (rojersi 1999:314). impliciturad piradi aRqmis konteqstSi
CarTuli Sefaseba, vTqvaT frazaSi "me ar momwons Tqveni idea", ar
ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis potenciur SesaZleblobaTa ganusazRvrelobis,
SeuzRudaobis
ideas,
radganac
gamoxatavs
pirad
reaqcias
(cxadia
71
aRniSnul frazaSi Sefasebaa gamoxatuli, magram piradi Sefaseba da ara
ganzogadebuli)
da,
amdenad
iZleva
gansxvavebuli
Sefasebis
SesaZleblobas.
amrigad,
Sefasebis
gareSe
gancdebis
gamoxatvisaTvis
aSkara
upiratesobis miniWebis miuxedavad, rojersi konkretuli (piradi) aRqmis
konteqstSi CarTul Sefasebas garkveul pozitiur implikacias mainc
miawers.
verbaluri
socialuri
Sefasebis
funqciasa
da
mis
implicitur
Taviseburebebs, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva transaqciul analizSi,
radganac es mimarTuleba warmoadgens ara mxolod fsiqoTerpiis, aramed
komunikaciis
Teoriasac
konceftualur
socialuri
Sefasebis),
wanamZRvars
reaqciis
rogorc
(stiuarti
(stiuarti
(zogadad
adamianis
1996:9).
am
1996:76)
warmoadgens
sensoruli
fizikuri
da
Teoriis
stimulaciis,
fsiqikuri
erTerT
mosazreba
maT
Soris
janmrTelobis
safuZvelis Sesaxeb, romelic pirovnuli da socialuri ganviTarebis
erT-erT ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens. yoveldRiur urTierTobaTa
praqtikaSi igi uamravi saxiT gvxvdeba dawyebuli intimuri fizikuri
kontaqtis nairsaxeobebidan emociuri kontaqtis gansxvavebuli formebiT
damTavrebuli.
mis
funqcias
warmoadgens
individis
qcevisa
da
cxovrebiseuli poziciis ganmtkiceba (stiuarti 2000:19-26; klarksoni...
1992:9-21),
rac
sakuTar
Tavze anu "me-koncefcias", warmodgenas sxva adamianebsa da
cxovrebis
transaqciul
ZiriTad
transaqciul
analizSi
aspeqtebze.
analizSi
niSnavs
Mmiuxedavad
(stiuarti
individis
imisa,
1996:76-94)
rom
warmodgenas
Tanamedrove
gaTvaliswinebulia
socialur reaqciaTa didi mravalferovneba, implicituri zegavlenis
mixedviT ganasxvaveben ZiriTadad ori tipis socialur reaqcias: "Sexebas"
(stroke) da "ignorirebas" (discounting), romelTaganac pirvels pozitiuri
implikacia
miewereba
(autonomiuroba,
aRiareba),
xolo
meores
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
_
negatiuri
ignorireba).
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
(autonimiurobis
magaliTad,
SezRudva,
fraza
"me
Sen
mezizRebi" warmoadgens negatiur upirobo "Sexebas" (negatiurs, radganac
igi
uaryofiT
damokidebulebas
gamoxatavs
da
upirobos,
radgan
es
damokidebuleba exeba TviT pirovnebas da ara mis qcevas, romelic
72
SeiZleba Seicvalos), romelSic arapirdapirad, impliciturad moiazreba
individis
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
aRiareba.
kerZod,
aRniSnul
frazaSi es gamoxatulia piradi damokidebulebiT, romelsac ara aqvs
pretenzia
obieqturi
realobis
asaxvaze
(me
rom
mezizRebi
es
Cemi
subieqturi damokidebulebaa da ar niSnavs imas, rom Sen xar sazizRari).
Sesabamisad,
piradi
damokidebuleba
individis
mimarT
gansxvavebuli
uSvebs
sxva
adamianis
damokidebulebis
mxridan
arsebobis
SesaZleblobasac (me rom mezizRebi, ar gamoricxavs SesaZleblobas, rom
sxvas
uyvarde).
"Sexebac"
analogiur
(stiuarti
implicitur
1996:93)
anu
Sinaarss
damokidebuleba
Seicavs
pirobiTi
individis
mocemul
momentSi qcevis da ara mTliani qceviTi nimuSis mimarT. magaliTad,
fraza "Sen cudad dawere es sityva" impliciturad aRiarebs individis
potenciur SesaZleblobebs, radgan ar gamoricxavs individis mxridan
alternatiuli qcevis (igive sityvis kargad dawera) SesaZleblobas sxva
dros.
am
SemTxvevaSi
damokidebulebis
SesaZleblobaTa
implicituri
demonstrirebiT
aRiarebaze
Sinaarsi
ar
aris
mianiSnebs
Semfaseblis
gamoxatuli.
mxolod
piradi
potenciur
konkretuli
qcevis
Sefaseba (Sen cudad dawere guSin, dRes, amjerad da a.S. anu erTxel, rac
ar gamoricxavs meored kargad daweris SesaZleblobas).
stiuartis
mixedviT
(stiuarti
1996:93-94)
socialuri
reagirebis
meore forma "Sexebisagan" gansxvavebiT gulisxmobs anu impliciturad
moiazrebs individis potenciur SesaZleblobaTa uaryofas, ris gamoc
aseT socialur Sefasebas man "ignorireba" (discounting) uwoda. stiuarti
aRniSnavs, rom "ignorireba" realobis gamrudebis Sedegs warmoadgens,
negatiuri Sexebisagan gansxvavebiT igi ar Seicavs aranair miniSnebas
(implikacias)
individis
SesaZlo
konstruqciuli
qmedebebis
an
potenciuri SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. metic, igi TiTqos gamoricxavs
kidec maT. magaliTad, negatiuri upirobo "Sexebis" "me Sen mezizRebi"
Sesabamisi
"ignorireba"
damokidebuleba
realobis
"sazizRari
xar",
obieqturi raelobis saxiT aris
gamrudebas
sazizRroba,
Tviseba).
iqneba
rogorc
realobis
(sinamdvileSi
individisTvis
obieqturad
gamrudeba
gulisxmobs
piradi
warmodgenili, rac
warmoadgens
aseTi
sadac
ar
arsebobs
damaxasiaTebeli
anu
impliciturad
moiazrebs, rom individis sxvagvari Sefaseba uCveulo iqneboda, radgan am
73
Sefasebaze individis obieqturi maxasiaTebeli, Tviseba agebs pasuxs da
ara Semfasebeli, rogorc subieqti. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, subieqturi
damokidebulebis individisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad warmoCeniT anu
mocemuli Sefasebis ganzogadebiT ignorirebulia sxvagvari Sefasebis
SesaZlebloba (sazizRari xar _ niSnavs, rom Sens mimarT zizRi ara
marto Cemi, aramed yvela adamianis mxrdan Cveuli reaqciaa, amas Seni
Tavisebureba ganapirobebs. amdenad sxvagvari reagireba naklebad aris
SesaZlebeli).
igive
"ignorirebis"
Sesaxebac.
pirobiTi
"Sexebis"
"ignorireba"
iqneba
SeiZleba
_
iTqvas
kerZod,
"Sen
'"Sen
Cvens
cudad
ar
pirobiTi
ici
mier
dawere
wera",
Sexebis
Sesabamisi
ganxiluli
negatiuri
es
rac
sityva"
Sesabamisi
mocemul
situaciaSi
individis qcevis sxva situaciebze gavrcelebis anu qcevis erTi aqtis
ganzogadebis saSualebiT mianiSnebs, rom sxva dros am sityvis kargad
daweris SesaZlebloba mocemuli individis mxridan (yovel SemTxvevaSi
uaxloes
momavalSi)
"Sexebisagan"
adamianze,
gamoricxulia.
gansxvavebiT
radgan
amdenad,
'"ignorireba"
igi
uZlurebis,
stiuartis
damTrgunvelad
potenciur
mixedviT
moqmedebs
SesaZleblobaTa
SezRudulobisa da garegani kontrolis gancdis provocirebas uwyobs
xels. rac Seexeba process, romelic pasuxs agebs aRniSnul verbalur
socialur SefasebaTa pozitiur da negatiur implikaciebze, rogorc
vxedavT, transaqciul analizSic uSualo gamocdilebis ganzogadeba da
piriqiT, dazusteba konkretuli saxiT formulireba warmoadgens.
rogorc
vxedavT,
pozitiuri
implicituri
zegavlena,
romelic
potenciur SesaZleblobaTa SeuzRudaobisa da autonomiurobis aRqmas
iTvaliswinebs, zemoTganxiluli Teoriebis mixedviT miewereba Sefasebas,
romelic gulisxmobs ganzogadebis sawinaaRmdego process, rac uSualo
gamocdilebis
(Sefasebis
zustad
subieqtze
an
asaxvaSi,
mis
qcevisa
Tu
konkretizaciaSi
Tvisebis
mdgomareobs
mocemuli
situaciis
farglebSi gamovlenaze miniSneba). Aam TvalsazrisiT yvelaze srulad
Sefasebis
mrvalferovnebas
(stiuarti
1996:74-78),
asaxavs
ramdenadac
e.w.
igi
„pirobiTi
iZleva
Sexebis
mocemul
“cneba,
situaciaSi
nebismieri gamovlinebis Sefasebis SesaZleblobas (Sefaseba SeiZleba
exebodes Sefasebis obieqtis qcevas, pirovnul gamovlinebas, Sesrulebis
Sedegs da a.S.).
74
1.5. ganzogadeba _ situacia-fokusirebuloba, rogorc ganzogadebulobaspecifikurobis, pirovnebaze(Tvisebaze)-procesze fokusirebulobisa da
unarze-Zalisxmevaze orientirebulobis gamaerTianebeli kategoria
zemoTaRniSnul
mosazrebebze
dayrdnobiT
ganzogadebuloba-
specifikurobis, pirovnebaze (Tvisebaze) – procesze fokusirebulobisa
da unarze-Zalisxmevaze orientirebulobis
relevantur maxasiaTeblad,
romelic
aRniSnul
Cveni
implicitur
mosazrebiT
aspeqtebs
aerTianebs
(pirobiTi/upirobo
maxasiaTebelTa
TviTfaseulobis
gancda;
aRqmuli autonomiuroba), analogiur zemoqmedebas axdens pirovnebaze
(xels uwyobs qcevis umweo/adafturi nimuSis ganviTarebas) da ar aris
dakavSirebuli Sinaarsobriv SezRudvebTan (SeiZleba exebodes, rogorc
qcevas, aseve Tvisebas/unars da Sesrulebis Sedegs), winamdebare kvlevaSi
warmodgenilia
Mmocemuli
ganzogadebuli
kvlevis
gulisxmobs
_
konteqstSi
qcevis
aqtis,
situacia-fokusirebuli
Sefaseba.
Sesrulebis
Sedegis
ukukavSiri
an
pirovnuli
gamovlinebis/Tvisebis Sefasebas, romelic vrceldeba mxolod mocemul
“aq da amJamad” arsebul situaciaze da ar gamoricxavs sxva dros qcevis
gansxvavebuli
Sedegis
an
pirovnuli
gamovlinebis
SesaZleblobas
(magaliTi: „sapasuxismgeblo momentSi Tqven gabeduleba gamoavlineT“mocemul situaciaSi Tvisebis Sefaseba; „sapasuxismgeblo momentSi Tqven
gabedulad
imoqmedeT“-mocemul
„sapasuxismgeblo
Sedegis
momentSi
Sefaseba).
situaciaSi
Tqven
moaxerxeT
ganzogadebuli
ukukavSiri
qcevis
megobris
Sefaseba;
gadarwmuneba“-
winamdebare
kvlevaSi
warmoadgens konkretuli qcevisa Tu pirovnuli gamovlinebis safuZvelze
gamotanil daskvnas, erTjeradi aqtis ganzogadebul Sefasebas romelic
impliciturad ugulvebelyofs sxva dros pirovnebis mier alternatiuli
Tvisebis/unaris
an
Sesrulebis
(magaliTi:“sapasuxismgeblo
alternatiuli
„sapasuxismgeblo
Tvisebis
momentSi
Sedegis
momentebSi
Tqven
gamovlenis
Tqven
qcevis SesaZleblobis ignorireba;
gamovlenis
SesaZleblobas
gabedulebas
SesaZleblobis
gabedulad
moqmedebT“
avlenT“
_
ignorireba;
_
sxvagvari
„sapasuxismgeblo momentSi Tqven
75
axerxebT
megobrebis
gadarwmunebas“-
gansxvavebuli
Sedegis
SesaZleblobis ignorireba).
ganzogadebuli
zemoTaRniSnul
im
gansazRvrebaSia
gamoyenebuli
gamoxatavs,
Sefaseba
nagulisxmebi
ganzogadebuli
vidre
mniSvnelobiT,
(xSirad
ukukavSirebi
ganzogadebas,
rogorc
romelic
kvlevebSi
gadaWarbebas
aseTs.
ufro
SedarebisTvis
ix.
(jinoti 1965:71-89; kanousi... 1981:97-115; koni 1993:135-138; leperi... 1993:75-105;
o’lieri... 1977:81-97), atarebs negatiur implicitur datvirTvas, romelic
pirobiTi TviT-faseulobis gancdasa da aRqmul autonomiurobasTan aris
dakavSirebuli da sam aspeqts moicavs:
1.
sensoruli
Sefaseba
safuZvlis
vrceldeba
ukmarisobas
sxva
_
ramdenadac
situaciebzec,
igi
ganzogadebuli
scildeba
individis
konkretul gamocdilebas da, Sesabamisad ara aqvs sakmarisi sensoruli
safuZveli (sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb rwmenisa da calkeuli warsuli
gamocdilebis ganzogadebul SefasebasTan SeuTavseblobis SemTxvevebSic
sensoruli safuZvlis ukmarisobis problemasTan gvaqvs saqme);
2.
status
quo-s
gulisxmobs
SenarCunebis
Semfaseblis
molodins
mxridan
_
ganzogadebuli
subieqtis
qcevis,
Sefaseba
pirovnuli
gamovlinebisa Tu miRweuli Sedegis mudmivobas da, Sesabamisad, misi
ganmeorebis
molodins,
mcdelobad
efeqti
1985:115)
(desi...
ganzogadebul
rac
Sefasebas,
eqneba
anu
adamianma
an
erTgvar
savaraudod,
momavalSi
misi
SesaZloa
tvirTad
manipulirebis
aRiqvas:
gadaWarbebuli
gamarTlebis
pozitiur
Seqebis
tvirTi
msgavsi
SesaZloa
gansakuTrebiT damZimdes (SedarebisTvis ix. mak kei 1992:239-271). negatiuri
ganzogadebuli
Sefasebis
Sefasebis
zemoqmedebis
afeqts
e.w.
_
Sefasebis,
ucvlelobis,
umweo
aseve
efeqti
msgavsad
pasuxis
ki
gamoiwvevs
nimuSs,
unarfokusirebuli
mudmivobis
unar-fokusirebuli
implikacias
rac,
uimedobas
rogorc
da
negatiur
ganzogadebuli
ukukavSiris
miewereba
negatiuri
SemTxvevaSi
(SedarebisTvis
ix.
endersoni 1980:393-407; klifordi 1986a:75-83; klifordi 1986b:169-179; meieri...
1986:293-308);
3. potenciuri SesaZleblobebis ignorirebas _ ganzogadebuli Sefaseba,
ramdenadac
igi
vrceldeba
individis
sxva,
maT
Soris
momaval
76
aqtivobebzec,
erTgvari
gansxvavebuli
diagnozis
qmedebis
winaswarmetyvelebadobaze
saxes
atarebs,
SesaZleblobis
miniSneba
rac
gulisxmobs
uaryofas.
amavedros
mis
Ppirovnebis
SesaZleblobaTa
SezRudulobazec mianiSnebs da, Sesabamisad, ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis,
rogorc
ganusazRvreli
potenciuri
SesaZleblobebis
mqone
da
Seucnobadi fenomenis ideas (rojersi 1961:75).
amdenad,
ganzogadebuli
Sefasebis
aRniSnuli
aspeqtebi
(arasakmarisi sensoruli safuZveli, gameorebis molodini da potenciuri
SesaZleblobebis
ignorireba)
amcirebs
sakuTar
gamovlinebebze,
Tvisebebsa da qcevaze Sinagani kontrolis gancdas da zRudavs adamianis
empiriul
Tavisuflebas
da
qcevis
alternatiuli
saSualebebis
gamoyenebis arCevans, xazs usvams faseulobis pirobebs (rojersi 1961:75),
fokusirebuli Sefasebis (barxansi... 1995:1719-
rac pirovnebasa da unarze
1738;
qovingtoni... 1984:5-20; kaminsi... 1999:835-847; qovingtoni... 1976:103-112),
agreTve socialur Sedarebaze orientirebuli (harakieviCi 1979:1352-1363;
kostneri...
1987:383-390;
aqtivobisagan
dveki
mowyvetili
1986:1040-1048;
Sefasebis
niholsi
analogiur
1984:328-346)
negatiur
da
zegavlenas
warmoadgens. Sesabamisad mosalodnelia, rom msgavs zegavlenas axdens
pirovnebaze _ amcirebs autonomiurobis gancdas, xels uwyobs pirobiTi
TviT-faseulobis gancdis aRmocenebas da warumateblobaze pasuxebis
umweo
nimuSis
ganviTarebas
(deci...
1999:627-688;
leperi…
2000:257-307;
sensoni... 2000:78-104).
mixedviT
unda
atarebdes
Sefaseba
zemoTaRniSnuli
Zalisxmeva
da
gansazRvrebis
proces-fokusirebuli
ukukavSirebis (konkretul situaciaSi gamoyenebuli strategiis, meTodis,
Zalisxmevis
Sefaseba),
aseve
specifikuri
da
endogenuri
Sefasebis
zemoqmedebis pozitiur implikaciebs (aRqmuli autonomiuroba, potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa SeuzRudavobis aRqma), rac iwvevs Sinagani motivaciis
SenarCunebas an gaZlierebas warumateblobis gancdisas da adafturi
qceviTi nimuSis aRmocenebas. am tipis SefasebaSi ori aspeqti SeiZleba
gamovyoT:
1. sakmarisi sensoruli safuZveli _ ramdenadac situacia-fokusirebuli
Sefaseba ar vrceldeba sxva (warsul an momaval) situaciebze da exeba
77
individis uSualo, konkretul gamocdilebas, individisaTvis advili
xdeba
misi
gaazreba
da,
Sesabamisad
uCndeba
sakuTari
resursebis
kontrolis gancda;
2. potenciuri SesaZleblobebis aRiareba _ adamianis qcevis an raime
Tvisebis/unaris mocemul situaciaSi gamovlenis (da ara pirovnebis mier
saerTod
misi
empiriul
floba-arflobis)
Tavisuflebas
da
repertuari
anu
potenciuri
Sefaseba
gulisxmobs,
misi
ar
zRudavs
rom
mis
SesaZleblobebi
pirovnebis
gamovlinebaTa
ganusazRvrelia.
cxadia, es niuansi srulad ver asaxavs upirobo pozitiuri yuradRebis
efeqts,
rac
gulisxmobs
nebismieri
gamovlinebis
SemTxvevaSi
(anu
upirobod) pirovnebis pozitiurobis xazgasmas, magram igi xazgasmiT
mianiSnebs, rom aseTi SesaZlebloba gamoricxuli ar aris (transaqciul
analizSi
matarebel
pirovnebis potenciuri
Sesabamis
„pirobiTi Sexeba“,
SesaZleblobebis aRiarebis efeqtis
ukukavSirs,
rogorc
ukve
aRvniSneT,
ewodeba
ix. stiuarti 1996:78-93. ramdenadac Zalisxmevasa da
procesze orientirebuli Sefasebis motivaciuri da kognituri efeqtebi
(adafturi
cvlilebis
qceviTi
nimuSis
SesaZleblobis
fokusirebuli
Sefaseba
implicitur aspeqtebs,
aRmoceneba)
ZiriTadad
implikaciiT
ixsneba,
moicavs
SeiZleba
am
kontrolisa
xolo
maxasiaTebelTa
vivaraudoT, rom
da
situaciazegavlenis
am tipis Sefaseba
analogiur Sedegebsac gamoiwvevs.
78
II nawili. eqsperimentuli kvleva
2.
ganzogadebul
_
ukukavSirTa
implicituri
aspeqtebis zegavlena qcevis motivaciuri nimuSis Camoyalibebis procesze
(pirovnebis mier sakuTar unarTa Sefaseba, aqtivobis mimarT atitudis
Camoyalibeba, aqtivbis mimarT interesi).
2.1. sakiTxis dasma
verbaluri
socialuri
procesSi
mniSvnelovnad
RirebulebiTi
zegavlena
adamianis
ganapirobebs
orientaciebis,
zrdisa
da
pirovnebis
socialuri
ganviTarebis
Sexedulebebis,
ganwyobebisa
da
qceviTi
sqemebis Camoyalibebis xasiaTs (1), rac xazs usvams misi Taviseburebebis
kvlevis aqtualurobas iseT sferoebSi warmatebis misaRwevad, rogoric
aris
aRzrdis,
ganaTlebis,
fizikuri
da
fsiqikuri
janmrTelobis
sfero, agreTve sxvadasxva socialuri institutebi, organizaciebi da
sistemebi,
sadac
pirovnebaTSorisi
da
socialuri
urTierTobebi
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. aRniSnul saqmianobebTan dakavSirebuli
nebismieri
mecnieruli
koncefcia
(aRmzrdelobiTi,
fsiqoTerapiuli,
pedagogiuri da a.S.) aucileblad gulisxmobs Sesabamisi principebis,
wesebisa da SezRudvebis gavrcelebas maswavleblisa da moswavlis Tu
mSoblebisa (aRmzrdelobiTi garemos) da Svilebis, eqimisa da pacientis
Tu
fsiqoTerapevtisa
da
klietis
urTierTobis
procesze.
Aamdenad,
verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa zegavlenis sistematiuri kvleva am
TvalsazrisiT udaod Rirebulia.
ukanaskneli
mniSvnelovani
ori
gaxda
aTeuli
verbaluri
wlis
ganmavlobaSi
socialuri
Sefasebis
gansakuTrebiT
implikaciebis
Seswavla, radganac 80-iani wlebis kvlevaTa Sedegebis mixedviT TandaTan
gamoikveTa
verbaluri
efeqturobis
swored
implicituri
aspeqtebis
Sefasebis efeqturobaSi.
Aamavedros
mimarT
wamoyenebuli
dakmayofileba rTuli
da ramdenadme
aralaboratoriul,
pirobebSi,
ganmsazRvreli
verbaluri
moTxovnebis,
roli
Sefasebis
kriteriumebis
mouxerxebeli aRmoCnda Cveul,
bunebriv
socialur
praqtikaSi,
79
nawilobriv, moTxovnaTa simravlis, nawilobriv ki maTi SezRudulobis
gamo. Aamdenad,
Cveni mosazrebiT savsebiT mizanSewonili unda iyos
verbaluri Sefasebis pozitiuri implicituri zegavlenis ganmsazRvrel
maxasiaTebelTagan ramodenimes gaerTianeba anu ramodenime maxasiaTeblis
warmodgena
erTi,
gaiTvaliswinebs
ufro
am
farTo
maxasiaTebelTa
kategoriis
ZiriTad
saxiT,
efeqtebs
romelic
da
amavedros
uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis mravalferovnebas. Ees ukanaskneli garemoeba
gulisxmobs SesaZleblobas, rom adamianis ara mxolod qceviTi, aramed
pirovnuli gamovlinebis, Tvisebisa da unaris, agreTve aqtivobis Sedegis
Sefasebac,
gancdis
zogadad,
aRZvrisa
TvalsazrisiT)
Aamgvari
gaxdes
da
da
usafrTxo
qcevis
amavedros
mcdelobis
(pirobiTi
araadafturi
pozitiuri
mizanSewonilebis
TviT-faseulobis
nimuSis
ganviTarebis
implikaciis
matarebeli.
sasargeblod
metyvelebs
verbaluri Sefasebis efeqturobis ganmsazRvrel ZiriTad maxasiaTebelTa
pozitiuri zegavlenis pirobiToba da SezRuduloba, agreTve zogierTi
kriteriumis arasakmarisi mizanSewonileba.
winamdebare kvleva warmoadgens verbaluri Sefasebis implicitur
zemoqmedebasTan
asocirebuli
sami
ZiriTadi
fokusirebuloba;
procesze/pirovnebaze
orientirebuloba; ganzogadebuloba/specifikuroba)
kategoriis
maxasiaTebelTa
maxasiaTebliT
implicitur
Secvlis
efeqtebze
maxasiaTeblis
erTi, ufro farTo
mcdelobas.
pasuxismgebeli
aRniSnul
procesebis
(ganzogadeba; uSualo gamocdilebaze fokusireba) analizis safuZvelze
Sesabamis kategoriad CavTvaleT ukukavSiris ganzogadebuloba/situaciafokusirebuloba, rogorc
maxasiaTebeli, romelic erTismxriv, iZleva
adamianis qcevis, pirovnuli gamovlinebis/Tvisebis, unarisa da aqtivobis
Sedegis Sefasebis saSualebas, meoresmxriv, ki inarCunebs Sefasebis im
implikaciebs,
romlebsac
zemoTaRniSnuli
maxasiaTeblebi
atarebs
(erTismxriv, garegani kontrolis anu autonomiurobis dakargvisa da
pirobiTi TviT-faseulobis negatiuri gancdebi, meoresmxriv ki aRqmuli
autonomiurobisa da SeuzRudavi potenciuri SesaZleblobebis aRqmasTan
asocirebuli pozitiuri gancdebi), risi damtkicebac SesaZlebelia am
maxasiaTebelTa
fokusirebuloba,
80
Tvisebaze/procesze orientirebuloba, aseve egzogenuroba-endogenuroba
da socialur Sedarebaze orientirebuloba) motivaciuri, afeqturi da
kognituri efeqtebis ganmeorebiT (igulisxmeba qcevis umweo/adafturi
nimuSis ZiriTadi komponentebis aRmoceneba, rac dakavSirebulia: Sinagani
motivaciis
daqveiTeba/amaRlebasTan,
negatiur/pozitiur
afeqtTan
da
aversiul/miaxlovebis reaqciebTan).
Sesabamisad,
Cven
vivaraudeT,
manipulireba
gamoiwvevda
damaxasiaTebel
cvlilebebs
aqtivobisagan
Tavis
rom
qcevis
(Sinagani
aridebis
ganzogadebuli
ukukavSirebis
araadafturi
nimuSisaTvis
motivaciis
tendenciiT
daqveiTeba,
gamoixateba;
rac
miRebuli
siamovnebisa da aRZruli interesis nakleboba aqtivobisas; sakuTari
unarebis Sefasebis daqveiTebis tendencia, rac ZiriTadad negatiuri
Sefasebis
konteqsts
manipulirebis
Sedegad
damaxasiaTebeli
gaZliereba,
rac
exeba).
davuSviT
qcevis
ukukavSirTa
adafturi
nimuSisaTvis
cvlilebebis
aRmoceneba
(Sinagani
motivaciis
aqtivobisaken
miaxlovebis
tendenciiT
gamoixateba;
aqtivobisas gancdili azarti da miRebuli siamovneba). garda amisa,
mosalodneli iyo ganzogadebuli ukukavSirebis manipulirebas situaciafokusirebuli Sefasebisagan gansxvavebuli zemoqmedeba moexdina axali
aqtivobis mimarT atitudis Camoyalibebis proceszec. am sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebuli
varaudebi
Semdegi
hipoTezebis
saxiT
iqna
Camoyalibebuli:
hipoTeza
1.
Sesrulebuli
subieqtebSi,
ganzogadebuli
aqtivoba
vidre
ufro
ukukavSirebis
naklebad
miRebis
sasiamovnod
pirobebSi
iqneba
ukukavSirebis
aRqmuli
miwodebisas
(usiamovno afeqti Cveni mosazrebiT mosalodneli mainc ar aris ori
garemoebis gamo: a) ego-CarTulobis efeqtis Tavidan aridebis mizniT
eqsperimentSi
ar
aris
aqcentirebuli,
ugulvebelyofilia
miRwevis
miznebis mniSvnelovneba; b) TviT-faseulobis gancdasTan dakavSirebuli
negatiuri implicituri zemoqmedebis Sedegebis gamovlineba garkveul
kvlevebze
dayrdnobiT
(makgregori...
2002:381-395)
ufro
mosalodnelia
mogvianebiT, ganmeorebiT eqsperimentSi monawileobis miRebis win da ara
manamde). Mmosalodnelia agreTve, rom ganzogadebbuli ukukavSirebis
81
miwodeba gamoiwvevs Sinagani motivaciis daqveiTebas, rogorc situaciafokusirebuli
Sefasebis,
aseve
Sefasebis
gareSe
pirobebTan
anu
sakontrolo jgufTan SedarebiT, rac aqtivobisagan ganridebis reaqciis
saxiT gamovlindeba (eqsperimentis msvlelobisas Sesrulebuli aqtivobis
ganmeorebiT Sesrulebisagan Tavis aridebis tendencia).
hipoTeza
2.
ukukavSirebis
miReba
ufro
sasiamovnod iqneba aRqmuli subieqtebis mier da gamoiwvevs Sinagani
motivaciis gaZlierebas Sefasebis gareSe aqtivobasTan anu sakontrolo
pirobebTan SedarebiT, rac aqtivobisken miaxlovebis reaqciis saxiT
gamovlindeba (aqtivobis ganmeorebiT SesrulebisTvis gamocxadeba).
hipoTeza
3.
socialur
Sedarebaze
fokusirebuli
ukukavSirebi,
ramdenadac isini calsaxad dakavSirebulia pirobiTi TviT-faseulobis
gancdasa da autonomiurobis dakargvis gancdasTan (baTleri 1992:934-943)
savaraudod, ganzogadebuli Sefasebis analogiur zegavlenas moaxdens
Sinagan motivaciaze, aseve aRqmuli siamovnebis gancdaze. Aamavedros,
ukukavSiris
es
tipi,
savaraudod,
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
ignorirebis ufro Zlier implikacias Seicavs, rac ar gamoricxavs wina
kvlevebis zogierTi Sedegis gameorebas (magaliTad, cvlilebebs TviTkogniciebSi rac sakuTari unarebis Sefasebis araadekvaturi, dacviTi
xasiaTis daqveiTebis an zrdis tendenciiT SeiZleba gamoixatos).
hipoTeza 4. ramdenadac ukukavSiris formis zemoqmedeba implicituria,
savsebiT dasaSvebia, rom igi naklebadac cnobierdebodes individis mier.
Aam mosazrebas adasturebs uaxlesi kvlevis monacemebic (makgregori...
2002:381-395), romelTa mixedviTac pirobiTi TviT-faseulobisa da Sinagani
kontrolis dakargvis gancda ZiriTadad vlindeba mxolod saxifaTo
situaciis
ganmeorebis
SemTxvevaSi
(magaliTad,
gamocdis
TariRis
moaxloebisas), da ara myisierad anu ukukavSiris miRebisTanave. Aamdenad,
mosalodnelia
TvalsazrisiT
formiT
gansxvavebebi
gansxvavebul
ufro
ukukavSirTa
mkveTrad
zemoqmedebis
gamovlindes
individis
qcevaSi (risi Sefasebac eqsperimetidan garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg
xdeba), vidre aqtivobis mimarT verbalurad gamoxatul atitudsa da
subieqtebis
mier
sakuTari
unarebis
SefasebaSi.
ukukavSiris
pozitiuroba/negatiurobam ki, motivaciis aRZvraze (ganmeorebiT msgavs
82
eqsperimentSi monawileobisaTvis gamocxadeba) SesaZloa ver moaxdinos
mniSvnelovani zegavlena.
hipoTeza
gancdasTan
5.
TviT-faseulobisa
asocirebuli
da
Sinagani
cvlilebebi
kontrolis
dakargvis
TviT-kogniciebSi
(sakuTari
unarebis Camofaseba) uaxlesi kvlevebis mixedviT (kaminsi... 1999:835-847)
mxolod warumateblobis pirobebs iTvaliswinebs, warmatebis dros ki ar
vlindeba.
ramdenadac
winamdebare
kvlevis
konteqstSi
miRwevis
komponenti naklebad mniSvnelovania, aRniSnuli cvlilebebi mxolod
negatiuri ukukavSirebis miwodebisas aris mosalodneli. Sesabamisad,
mosalodnelia,
rom
negatiuri
ganzogadebuli
Sefaseba
gamoiwvevs
subieqtebSi sakuTari unarebis mniSvnelovnad daqveiTebis tendencias,
sxva mxriv ki situacia-fokusirebuli da ganzogadebuli ukukavSirebis
zemoqmedeba ar iqneba gansxvavebuli.
83
k v l e v i s
z o g a d i
s q e m a
damoukidebeli cvladi/faqtori
damokidebuli cvladi
socialuri
socialuri ukukavSiris
ukukavSiris
forma
pozitiuroba/nagatiuroba
individis motivacia
aqtivobis mimarT
aqtivobis mimarT individis verbalurad
gamoxatuli atitudi
individis mier sakuTar unarTa Sefaseba
nax.
1.
socialur
ukukavSirTa
zegavlena
aqtivobis mimarT individis motivaciaze; socialur ukukavSirTa formis
zegavlena
aqtivobis
mimarT
individis
motivaciaze;
socialur
ukukavSirTa pozitiuroba/negatiurobis zegavlena individis atitudze
aqtivobis mimarT; socialur ukukavSirTa formis zegavlena individis
atitudze
aqtivobis
mimarT;
zegavlena
socialur
individis mier
ukukavSirTa
sakuTar
unarTa
Sefasebaze; socialur ukukavSirTa formis zegavlena individis mier
sakuTar unarTa Sefasebaze.
A
84
amrigad, Cveni kvlevis mizania davadginoT, ra zegavlenas axdens
verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa forma (kerZod, ganzogadebuli da
Sefaseba)
individis
mier
sakuTar
unarTa
Sefasebaze, aqtivobis mimarT individis motivaciaze, mis mimarT atitudis
Camoyalibebis procesze da ramdenad asaxavs igi qcevis adaftursa da
araadaftur nimuSTa damaxasiaTebel komponentebs. kvleva miznad isaxavs
agreTve verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa implicituri da eqsplicituri
zegavlenis
socialur
anu
zemoTaRniSnul
ukukavSirTa
qceviT
da
dispoziciur
pozitiuroba-negatiurobisa
da
aspeqtebze
misi
formis
zegavlenis Sedarebas.
zemoTaRniSnulis misaRwevad dasaxuli iyo Semdegi amocanebi:
1.
verbalur
gansazRvra
Semowmeba
socialur
ukukavSirTa
(c.p.-TaTvis
da
garkveul
Semowmebis
Sinaarsobrivi
TvisebaTa
safuZvelze
im
fokusis
mniSvnelovnebis
Tvisebebis
SerCeva,
romelTa Sefasebac unda iqnes asaxuli ukukavSirebSi);
2.
formis mixedviT verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa gansxvavebuli
tipebis gamoyofa; eqsperimentis dagegmva (eqsperimentuli masalis
momzadeba da eqsperimentuli situaciis gansazRvra).
3.
aqtivobis
mimarT
verbalurad
gamoxatuli
atitudis
sakvlevi
kiTxvaris Sedgena.
4.
aqtivobis
mimarT
aRZruli
motivaciis
sazomi
(atituduri
da
qceviTi) kriteriumebis gansazRvra.
85
2.2. kvlevis meTodika da procedurebi
kvleva Sedgeba ori etapisagan. pirvel etapze daigegma eqsperimenti,
momzadda eqsperimentuli masala, SevadgineT da SevarCieT kiTxvarebi,
agreTve Catarda pilotaJi 25 adamianze. kvlevis meore etapi moicavs
Tavad
eqsperiments,
romelic,
Tavismxriv,
sami
nawilisagan
(procedurisagan) Sedgeba.
2.2.1. eqsperimentis dagegmva
gadavwyviteT
romlis
gasarTobi
Sesrulebac
anu
TamaSis
gulisxmobda
tipis
problemuri
savarjiSos
situciis
Seqmna,
dasaZlevad
SemoTavazebuli ori gamosavlidan erTerTis amorCevas. c.p.-ebis mier
ganxorcielebuli
svlis
anu
gamosavlis
SerCevis
Semdeg
maT
miewodebodaT gansazRvruli tipisa da kategoriis Cvens mier SerCeuli
verbaluri socialuri ukukavSirebi (sul 8 ukukavSiri).
ukukavSiris tipi, romelic Cven ganvsazRvreT misi formis mixedviT
da
ukukavSiris kategoria, romelic ganisazRvra ukukavSiris valentobis
(pozitiuroba-negatiurobis)
mixedviT,
kvlevaSi
manipulirebul
damoukidebel cvladebs warmoadgenda. damokidebul cvladebad kvlevaSi
warmodgenilia
atitudis
CvenTvis
Camoyalibeba,
saintereso
savarjiSos
procesebi:
savarjiSos
Sesrulebis
mimarT
mimarT
motivaciis
aRZvra da c.p.-Ta mier sakuTar unarTa Sefaseba. individis mier sakuTar
unarTa
Sefasebaze
kategoriis
Sefasebis
verbaluri
zegavlenis
sakvlevi
socialuri
Sesaswavlad
kiTxvari,
ukukavSiris
SevadgineT
romelic
c.p.-bs
formisa
sakuTar
CautardaT
da
unarTa
orjer
_
savarjiSos Sesrulebamde ori kviriT adre da savarjiSos Sesrulebis
Semdeg. savarjiSos mimarT c.p.-Ta atitudis gamosavlenad SevadgineT
savarjiSos mimarT atitudis sakvlevi kiTxvari, romelic c.p.-ebs agreTve
CautardaT
mimarT
savarjiSos Sesrulebis Semdeg.
c.p.-Ta
relevanturi
motivaciis sakvlevad
da
socialur
savarjiSos Sesrulebis
gamoviyeneT
fsiqologiaSi
am
farTod
sakiTxis mimarT
gavrcelebuli
86
atituduri da qceviTi sazomebi, Tumca Cvens mier SerCeuli qceviTi
sazomi
ramdenadme
gansxvavdeba
motivaciuri
procesebis
kvlevis
gavrcelebul praqtikaSi arsebulisagan. kerZod, motivaciur procesTa
Seswavlaze
mimarTuli
Tavsatexi,
TamaSi
mkvlevarebi
da
kvlevebSi
a.S.)
ZiriTadad
aqtivobis
mimarT
iyeneben
(magaliTad,
amocana,
interesis
gasazomad
individis
(harakieviCi
1979:1352-1363)
Semdeg
kriteriumebs:
1. c.p.-is angariSi aqtivobisas miRebuli siamovnebis, mis mimarT aRZruli
interesis Sesaxeb (atituduri sazomi).
2.
c.p.-is
angariSi
Catarebuli
eqsperimentis
msgavs
eqsperimentebSi
monawileobis survilis Sesaxeb (qceviTi ganzraxva).
3. Eeqsperimentis dros Sesvenebisas Tavis garToba (dakaveba) mocemuli
aqtivobiT (qceviTi sazomi).
4.
eqsperimentis
dros
Sesvenebisas
aqtivobaze
daxarjuli
drois
xangrZlivoba (qceviTi sazomi).
bolo ori kriteriumis gamoyeneba, romelTa arsic amocanis mimarT
individSi aRZruli interesis qceviT doneze SemowmebaSi mdgomareobs,
gulisxmobs
eqsperimentis
gamocxadebas,
c.p.-is
msvlelobisas
datovebas
oTaxSi,
xanmokle
sadac
mis
Sesvenebis
gankargulebaSi
imyofeba sxvadasxva gasarTobi saSualebebi, maT Soris sakvlevi aqtivoba
(saTamaSo,
Tavsatexi
an
amocana)
da
Semdeg
masze
dakvirvebas.
am
manipulaciis mizania imis dadgena, dakavdeba Tu ara c.p.-i mocemuli
aqtivobiT da ramdeni xniT. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRwerili situacia
TiTqos ar gulisxmobs individis Tavisuflebis SezRudvas, zogierTi
mkvlevaris mosazrebiT igi erTgvari arapirdapiri daZalebis elementebs
mainc Seicavs da c.p.-s moqmedebis farTo arCevans ar aZlevs. magaliTad,
jon holmsi da loid striklendi (holmsi... 1970:39-45) xazs usvamen c.p-Ta
pasuxismgeblobas dawyebuli eqsperimentis damTavrebaze (isini Tvlian,
rom SesaZloa, c.p.-bi Tavs valdebulad grZnoben daamTavron dawyebuli
eqsperimenti anu ver iyeneben misi Sewyvetis da wasvlis SesaZleblobas).
stiven Sermani (Sermani 1970:245-252) aRniSnavs, rom xanmokle Sesvenebac
87
erTgvar
SezRudvas
warmoadgens,
radganac
c.p-ebi
iZulebulni
arian
oTaxidan gausvlelad daisvenon.
Cveni
mosazrebiT
autonomiurobis
aRwerili
SezRudvis
garemoebebi
aRqmis,
garegani
SesaZloa
c.p.-ebSi
kontrolis
gancdis
gamowvevis mizezi gamxdariyo, rac Cveni kvlevis miznebs ewinaaRmdegeba
(imis
dasadgenad,
garegani
iwvevs
kontrolisa
da
Tu
ara
ganzogadebuli
pirobiT
Sefaseba
TviT-faseulobasTan
individSi
asocirebul
implikaciebs, Cven unda gamogvericxa garegani stimulebi, romlebic aseve
asocirebulia aRniSnuli gancdebis gamowvevasTan).
amdenad, qceviTi sazomis saxiT Cven gamoviyeneT daniSnul dros
Cvens mier Catarebuli eqsperimentis msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis
misaRebad c.p.-Ta gamocxadeba (savarjiSos Sesrulebis Semdeg c.p.-ebma
miuTiTes surdaT Tu ara msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis miReba. erTi
Tvis Semdeg Catarda ganmeorebiTi gamokiTxva, ris Semdegac msurvelebs
vacnobeT, rom maT SeeZloT msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad
gamocxadebuliyvnen maTTvis sasurvel dRes garkveul saaTebSi erTi
Tvis ganmavlobaSi).
2.2.2.Eeqsperimentuli situacia
pirobiTi
TviT-faseulobis
aRqmasTan
dakavSirebuli
gancdebis
gamowvevasTan asocirebuli sxva situaciuri faqtorebis (ego-CarTuloba,
qceviTi SezRudvebi, jildo) Tavidan aridebis mizniT miviReT Semdegi
zomebi:
1.
SevarCieT
c.p.-Ta
profesiuli
da
piradi
interesebis
mimarT
irelevanturi masala, rac gamoricxavda mis mniSvnelovnebas c.p-TaTvis
anu asrulebda Tavdapirvelad neitraluri stimulis funqcias.
2.
masalad
gamoviyeneT
Cvens
mier
Seqmnili
situaciaTa
romelic
c.p.-bs
warvudgineT,
rogorc
savarjiSo,
rac
warsulSi
misi
Sesrulebisas
miRebul
gamocdilebas
da
rigi,
gamoricxavda
Sesabamisad
jildos molodins.
3. c.p.-bi davarwmuneT, rom maTi monawileoba iyo anonimuri, rac
uzrunvelyofda maT Tavisuflad moqmedebas eqsperimentis dros, agreTve
88
Tavisufal
arCevans
dakavSirebiT
Sesrulebis
msgavs
(c.p.-ebs
eqsperimentSi
vafrTxilbdiT,
Sewyveta
da
rom
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
maT
miRebasTan
SeeZloT
savarjiSos
monawileobaze
uaris
Tqma
nebismieri diskomfortis gancdis SemTxvevaSi).
4. instruqciaSi mivuTiTeT, rom savarjiSos damuSavebis procesi jer
ar
dasrulebuli,
aris
xolo
gamoricxavda
mcdar
diagnostikur
saSualebas
misi
molodins,
vargisianoba
TiTqos
warmoadgenda.
dasadgenia,
savarjiSo
igive
rac
mniSvnelovan
mizniT
instruqciaSi
aRvniSneT, rom savarjiSo ar iTvaliswinebs misi Sesrulebis xarisxis
dadgenas da amdenad, c.p.-Ta SesaZlo dainteresebis miuxedavad Cven ver
ganvsazRvravdiT,
Tu
rogor
(kargad/cudad)
iqna
Sesrulebuli
savarjiSo, risTvisac maT winaswar movubodiSeT.
5. eqsperimentSi ar iyo manipulirebuli drosTan dakavSirebuli da
sxva qceviTi SezRudvebi.
2.2.3. eqsperimentuli masala
a. savarjiSo
inglisuri enis SemswavlelTaTvis gankuTvnili TamaSis (soarsi...
2000:69-70)
safuZvelze
mosalodneli
SevadgineT
sxvadasxvagvari
mcire
biznesis
warmoebisas
dabrkolebebis
amsaxveli
62
situacia.
saqarTveloSi mcire biznesis sferoSi ganviTarebul mdgomareobasTan
maTi Sesabamisoba Semowmebuli iqna 50 eqspertis mier, ris Sedegadac
SevarCieT
sul
warmoebisas
15
situacia.
mosalodnel
rTul
situaciebi
aRwers
SemTxvevebs.
mcire
TviToeuli
biznesis
istuaciis
aRweris Semdeg miTiTebulia misgan ori SesaZlo gamosavali (svla).
Svlis amorCevis Semdeg c.p.-bs miewodebaT momdevno situaciis aRwera.
rig situaciebs (4; 5; 6; 7; 10; 11; 12; 15)
mxolod
Semdeg
Sesabamisad
ukve
momdevno
SevadgineT
(ukukavSirTa
(ukukavSirebis
tipisa
gareSe)
da
mosdevs Sesabamisi ukukavSiri da
situaciis
savarjiSos
10
kategoriis
jgufebisaTvis.
aRwera.
varianti:
mixedviT)
erTerTi
kvlevis
9
da
miznebis
eqsperimentuli
1
sakontrolo
varianti
naSromSi
89
warmodgenilia
danarTis
saxiT
(ix.
danarTi
#1).
c.p.-bi
ecnobodnen
savarjiSos instruqcias da asrulebdnen mas kompiuteris daxmarebiT.
b. ukukavSirebi
kvlevaSi
ukukavSiris
manipulirebul
tipi,
romelic
damoukidebel
ganisazRvra
cvladebs
misi
warmoadgenda
formis
mixedviT
da
ukukavSiris kategoria, romelic ukukavSiris pozitiuroba-negatiurobis
(valentobis)
mixedviT
ganisazRvra.
kvlevaSi
gamoyenebuli
8
ukukavSiridan 4 formulirebuli iyo, rogorc unaris/Tvisebis Sefaseba,
darCenili 4 ki _ rogorc Sedegi.
b.1. ukukavSiris tipi
formis
mixedviT
gamovyaviT
ukukavSiris
sami
tipi:
situacia-
fokusirebuli, ganzogadebuli da socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebuli.
ukukavSirebi
(kvlevaSi
_
1
tipi)
_
aerTianebs ukukavSirebs, romelTa implicitur SinaarsSic moiazreba
individis
konkretul
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
situaciaSi
qcevis
Sedegis
aRiareba.
an
isini
warmoadgens
pirovnuli
gamovlinebis
(Tvisebis) Sefasebas, romelic vrceldeba mxolod mocemul stuaciaze
da
ar
gamoricxavs
sxva
dros
gansxvavebuli
qcevis
an
pirovnuli
gamovlinebis SesaZleblobas.
magaliTebi:
1. „Tqven gambedaoba gamoavlineT“;
2. „Tqven moaxerxeT STabeWdilebis moxdena Tqvens klientebze da maTi
ndoba SeinarCuneT“;
1
magaliTSi
gamovlena
da
Sefasebulia
ara,
rogorc
konkretuli
pirovnebisTvis
qceva,
rogorc
damaxasiaTebeli
Tvisebis
qceviTi
nimuSi; Sefaseba ar vrceldeba sxva situaciebze. Sesabamisad, daSvebulia
sxva
situaciebSi
gansxvavebuli
qcevis
_
Tvisebis
gamovlenis
90
SesaZlebloba,
rac,
amavedros,
ar
gamoricxavs
mocemuli
Sefasebis
WeSmaritebas.
2 magaliTi warmoadgens qcevis Sedegis Sefasebas, romelic aseve ar
mianiSnebs igive Sedegis molodinze sxva situaciebSi.
ganzogadebuli
ukukavSirebi
(kvlevaSi
_
2
tipi)
_
aerTianebs
ukukavSirebs, romelTa implicitur SinaarsSic individis potenciuri
SesaZleblobebi ignorirebulia. isini Seicavs konkretuli qcevisa Tu
pirovnuli gamovlinebis safuZvelze gamotanil daskvnas, qcevis aqtis
ganzogadebul Sefasebas romelic impliciturad ugulvebelyofs sxva
dros pirovnebis mier alternatiuli Tvisebis/unaris an Sesrulebis
Sedegis gamovlenis SesaZleblobas. Sesabamisad, gulisxmobs misi sxva
situaciebSi ganmeorebis molodins.
magaliTebi:
1. “Tqven gaxasiaTebT gambedaoba“;
2. „Tqven axerxebT sxva adamianebze STabeWdilebis moxdenas da maTi
ndobis SenarCunebas“;
1
magaliTi
warmoadgens
konkretuli
qcevisa
Tu
pirovnuli
gamovlinebis safuZvelze gamotanil daskvnas, ganzogadebul Sefasebas,
romelic
impliciturad
ugulvebelyofs
sxva
dros
pirovnebis
mier
alternatiuli Tvisebis/unaris gamovlenis SesaZleblobas da, amdenad,
axdens pirovnebis potenciur SesaZleblobaTa ignorirebas.
2
magaliTi
warmoadgens
konkretuli
Sedegis
ganzogadebul
Sefasebas, rac mianiSnebs gansxvavebuli pasuxis miRebis SesaZleblobis
ugulvebelyofaze
da
sxva
dros
igive
Sedegis
miRebis
molodins
gamoxatavs.
socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebuli ukukavSiri (kvlevaSi _ 3 tipi) _
gavaerTianeT
ukukavSirebi,
Tvisebis/unarisa
Tu
warmoadgens,
rac
individualurobis
qcevis
romelTa
garkveuli
impliciturad
ignorirebas
axdens:
Sinaarsic
Sedegis
subieqtis
SedarebiT
pirovnebis
socialuri
Sefasebas
unikalurobis,
Sedareba
udaod
asocirdeba pirobiTi TviTfaseulobis, garegani kotrolis gancdebTan,
91
radganac igi xazs usvams Sefasebuli qcevisa Tu Tvisebis pirobiT
mniSvnelovnebas anu, im faqts, rom rogoric ar unda iyos Sefaseba, igi
mniSvnelovania mxolod garkveul socialur jgufTan SedarebiT anu
TavisTavad Rirebuli ar aris.
magaliTebi:
1.“Tqven gambedaoba sxvebTan SedarebiT metad gaxasiaTebT“;
2.
„Tqveni
unari
STabeWdileba
moaxdinoT
sxva
adamianebze
da
SeinarCunoT maTi ndoba sxvebTan SedarebiT maRalia“.
konkretuli qcevis
pirovnebis
safuZvelze gamotanilia ganzogadebuli daskvna
imanenturi
mniSvnelovnebas
iZens
Tvisebis
pirobiTad,
da
unaris
mxolod
sxva
Sesaxeb,
romelic
adamianTa
unarebTan
Sedarebis safuZvelze. Aamavedros igi Seicavs mudmivobis implikacias,
rac Sefasebuli unaris sxva dros gansxvavebuli xarisxiT gamovlenis
SesaZleblobis ignorirebaze miuTiTebs.
b.2. ukukavSiris kategoria
ukukavSiris
kategoriebad
kvlevaSi
warmoadgenilia
pozitiuri,
(mag.’“Tqven CaswvdiT momxmarebelTa WeSmarit survils“), negatiuri (mag.
„Tqven ver CaswvdiT momxmarebelTa WeSmarit survils“) da Sereuli
(pozitiuri
da
negatiuri
Sefasebebis
monacvleobiT
miwodeba)
ukukavSirebi. amdenad, formisa da kategoriis mixedviT sul Seiqmna
ukukavSirTa miwodebis 9 (3/3) varianti romelic qvemoT warmodgenilia
cxrilis saxiT.
cxrili 1.
kategoria
pozitiuri
negatiuri
Sereuli
1
I
IV
VII
2
II
V
VIII
3
III
VI
IX
tipi
92
Sesabamisad miviReT c.p.-Ta 10 jgufi: 9 eqsperimentuli (cxrili #1)
da 1 sakontrolo, romelsac savarjiSos Sesrulebisas ukukavSiri ar
miewodeboda.
g.Nneitraluri ukukavSiri
savarjiSos damTavrebisas yvela subieqts miewodeboda savarjiSos
dasrulebisOSesaxeb
informaciis
Semcveli
neitraluri
ukukavSiri,
romlis kvlevaSi CarTvac ganapiroba im safrTxis SesaZleblobam, rom
subieqtebi yovelgvari ukukavSiris gareSe savarjiSos Sesrulebas maTi
aqtivobis
zogierT
ignorirebad
wina
kvlevaSi
aRqvamdnen,
rac
(andersoni...
ar
iqna
gaTvaliswinebuli
kostneri... 1989:61-72;
1976:915-922;
sarafino... 1982:29-39).
zemoTaRniSnuli
tipebisa
da
kategoriis
mixedviT
SevadgineT
ukukavSirebi 26 Tvisebis (Rirebulebis) safuZvelze. TvisebaTa nusxa
warmodgenilia naSromSi danarTis saxiT (danarTi # 2). TviToeuli
ukukavSiri warmoadgenda kategoriis mixedviT pozitiur an negatiur,
xolo formis mixedviT 1, 2 an 3 tipis komentars mocemuli Tvisebis
Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, miviReT 156 (3X2X26) ukukavSiri. maTi Sesabamisoba
ukukavSirTa aRweril tipebsa da kategoriebTan (danarTi #3) SevamowmeT
31 eqspertis daxmarebiT.
ramdenadac Cveni kvlevis mizans warmoadgenda ukukavSirTa formis
zegavlenis Seswavla, gadavwyviteT gamogvericxa misi Sinaarsis (mocemul
SemTxvevaSi
Tviseba,
saintereso
procesebze,
zemoTaRniSnul
romelsac
exeba
risTvisac
TvisebaTa
ukukavSiri)
saWirod
mniSvnelovnebis
gavlena
CavTvaleT
Semowmeba
CvenTvis
c.p.-TaTvis
(Sesabamisad,
kvlevaSi gamoviyeneT mxolod is ukukavSirebi, romlebic exeboda c.p.TaTvis
naklebad
mniSvnelovan
Tvisebebs).
aRniSnul
TvisebaTa
mniSvnelovneba SevamowmeT Svarcis kiTxvaris (danarTi #4) saSualebiT
(kiTxvarSi warmodgenil Rirebulebebs davurTeT CvenTvis saintereso
Rirebulebebi da CavatareT gamokiTxva c.p.-Ta imave kontigentze).
gamokiTxvis
Tviseba
Sedegebis
(TvisebaTa
nusxa
mixedviT
sabolood,
warmodgenilia
Cvens
SevarCieT
mier
sul
8
Sedgenil
93
kiTxvarSi:ix. danarTi #5). Sesabamisad, kvlevaSi gamoviyeneT sul 48
(2X3X8) ukukavSiri.
2.2.4. kiTxvarebi
a. sakuTar TvisebaTa Sefasebis sakvlevi kiTxvari
sakuTar TvisebaTa SefasebisaTvis gankuTvnili kiTxvari (danarTi
#5) Sedgeba ori nawilisagan: 1 nawilSi c.p.-ebs moeTxovebaT qvemoT
warmodgenili
Sefasebis
axasiaTebT maT Semdegi
1.
skalis
mixedviT
miuTiTon,
Tu
ramdenad
Tvisebebi (unarebi):
realobis gancda (realuri situaciis adeqvaturad aRqma, zustad
Sefaseba)
2.
sxva adamianTa WeSmariti survilebis wvdoma.
3.
azrovnebis moqniloba, praqtikuli azrovneba (martivi da
mosaxerxebuli gamosavlis moZebna rTul situaciaSi).
4.
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad realizaciisaken swrafva
(swrafva winsvlisa da ganviTarebisaken).
5.
sxva adamianebze sasurveli STabeWdilebis moxdena, maTi ndobis
SenarCuneba.
6.
mizandasaxuloba (ZiriTadi miznis Sesabamisad moqmedeba)
7.
azrovnebis originaluroba, SemoqmedebiToba.
8.
intuicia.
Sefasebis skala:
saerTod ar
arc
Zlier
maxasiaTebs /
maxasiaTebs
maxasiaTebs /
ar msurs rom
da arc ar
Zalian msurs
maxasiaTebdes
maxasiaTebs
rom
maxasiaTebdes
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
94
kiTxvaris 2 nawilSi c.p.-ebs igive skalis mixedviT unda aReniSnaT
TvisebaTa gamoxatvis maTTvis sasurveli xarisxi anu unda mieTiTebinaT,
Tu ramdenad Zlierad surdaT hqonodaT gamoxatuli esa Tu is Tviseba.
magaliTad,
Tu
c.p.
Tvlida,
rom
mas
axasiaTebs
sakmaod
Zlierad
gamoxatuli intuiciis grZnoba da saTanadod maRali Sefaseba (2) misca
mas kiTxvaris pirvel nawilSi, kiTxvaris meore nawilSi mas SesaZloa
aReniSna
ufro
Zlierad
gamoxatuli
intuiciis
qonis
survili
da
Sesabamisad Semoexaza (3). kiTxvaris meore nawilis Seqmnis mizani iyo
AerTismxriv, kvlevidan im subieqtTa gamoicxva, romlebic Tvlidnen, rom
zemoTaRniSnuli Tvisebebi sasurvelTan SedarebiT gacilebiT naklebad
axasiaTebdaT an piriqiT, zustad emTxveoda am Tvisebebis gamoxatulebis
sasurvel
xarisxs
realurisa
da
(aseTi
SemTxvevebi
me-idealuris
Sesabamisobis,
aseve
xasiaTsa
Sesabamisad,
da,
ZiriTadad
mimarTebasTan,
Zalze
rac,
gansxvavebulobis
mocemuli
asocirebulia
me-
rogorc
sruli
SemTxvevaSic
dacviT
pirovnebisaTvis
faseulobis
pirobebis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelovnebaze miuTiTebs (madi 2002:423-424;
bleine...
1993:55-85; baumeisteri... 1996:5-33; jordani. . . 2003:117-146; jordani...
2003:969-978). garda amisa, CvenTvis saitereso iyo gamogvevlina, moaxdenda
Tu ara zegavlenas ukukavSirTa manipulireba warmodgenil TvisebaTa
sasurvelobaze (sasurvelobis xarisxze).
b.
savarjiSos
mimarT
verbalurad
gamoxatuli
atitudis
sakvlevi
kiTxvari
miuxedavad imisa, rom atitudur pasuxTa faqtoruli analizi (igli...
1993:123-135) yovelTvis ar iZleva maTi sam ganzomilebad (anu kognitur,
afeqtur da qceviT komponentebad) gamoyofis SesaZleblobas, savarjiSos
mimarT Camoyalibebuli atitudis (damokidebulebis) sakvlevi kiTxvaris
(danarTi
#6)
Sedgenisas
Cven
gaviTvaliswineT
atitudis
aRniSnuli
samkomponentiani modeli, radganac socialur fsiqologiaSi atitudur
pasuxTa am sami klasis (ganzomilebis) mixedviT ganxilva sayovelTaod
miRebul da farTod gavrcelebul tradicias warmoadgens (brekleri
1984:1191-1205; katci... 1959:423-475; rozenbergi... 1960:1-14).
95
Sesabamisad,
mimarT
c.p.-Ta
Cvens
mier
Sedgenili
kiTxvari
da
SefasebiT
damokidebulebas
emociur
savarjiSosTan
dakavSirebul
damokidebulebas
gansazRvravs
qceviT
pasuxebi
asaxavs
savarjiSos
da
agreTve
tendencias.
kiTxvebze
(1;
emociur
2)
savarjiSos
Sesrulebisas gancdili siamovnebisa da azartis Sesaxeb. SefasebiTi
damokidebuleba
ganisazRvreba
mniSvnelovnebis
Sesaxeb
savarjiSos
kiTxvebze
sargeblianobisa
gacemuli
pasuxebiT
(3;
da
4;
5).
savarjiSosTan dakavSirebul qceviT tendencias gansazRvravs momavalSi
msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis Sesaxeb c.p.-Ta ganzraxva. pasuxTa
Sefaseba xdeboda 7 qulian skalaze ( -3; 3).
2.2.5. eqsperimentis msvleloba
pirveli
TvisebaTa
nawili
(procedura)
Sefasebis
sakvlevi
procedura
SevasruleT
romlebmac
kiTxvari
naSromis
masala
ori
moicavda
kiTxvaris
warudgines,
sTxoves
c.p-ebisaTvis
(danarTi
ufroskurseli
c.p.-ebs
da
_
studentis
rogorc
daxmareba,
#6)
rac
sakuTar
Catarebas.
daxmarebiT,
sakuTari
sakurso
gulisxmobda
mxolod
kiTxvaris Sevsebas. studentebi c.p-ebs Txovdnen kiTxvaris ukana mxares
mieTiTebinaT
gamokiTxvis
sakuTari
TariRi).
monacemebi
gamokiTxvis
(saxeli,
Semdeg
gvari,
movaxdineT
asaki,
kursi,
respondentTa
kodireba (TviToeul maTgans mieniWa Sesabamisi nomeri). c.p.-Ta gvarebi
Sesabamis
kodebTan
erTad
paralelurad
fiqsirdeboda
specialur
JurnalSi.
meore nawili (procedura) _ daviwyeT TviToeuli c.p.-Tvis pirveli
gamokiTxvidan
Sualedi,
ori
kviris
savaraudod,
Semdeg
sakmarisi
(procedurebs
iqneboda
Soris
imisaTvis,
orkviriani
rom
c.p.-ebs
procedurebi erTmaneTTan ar daekavSirebinaT). igi gulisxmobda Cvens
mier Sedgeli savarjiSos (danarTi #1)@Catarebas: situaciaTa rigi c.p-bs
warvudgineT,
rogorc
biznesmenebisaTvis,
axalgazrda
damxmare
romelic
biznesmenebs
TamaSi-savarjiSo
TiTqos
maTTvis
miznad
saWiro
isaxavda
unar-Cvevebis
damwyebi
daxmareboda
aTvisebaSi.
96
eqsperimentis miznis SesaniRbad c.p.-ebs vTxoveT savarjiSos efeqturobis
dadgenaSi daxmarebis gaweva, rac gulisxmobda savarjiSos Sesrulebas
da Semdeg misi vargisianobis Sefasebas Cvens mier Sedgenili savarjiSos
mimarT verbalurad gamoxatuli atitudis sakvlevi kiTxvaris (danarTi
#6) saSualebiT. kerZod, c.p.-ebs warvudgineT Semdegi instruqcia:
instruqcia:
“gTavazobT
erTgvar
savarjiSos,
romelic
Seqmnilia,
rogorc
damxmare
saSualeba damwyebi biznesmenebisaTvis. misi mizania xeli Seuwyos axalgazrda
biznesmenebs maTTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi. savarjiSos qmediToba
(vargisianoba) damuSavebis mocemul etapze dadgenili ar aris. amdenad, gTxovT
SeasruloT savarjiSo da SeafasoT misi efeqturoba (vargisianoba) mokle
koTxvaris saSualebiT, romelsac savarjiSos Sesrulebis Semdeg warmogidgenT.
Tqveni Sefaseba mniSvnelovnad dagvexmareba savarjiSos qmediTobis dadgenaSi.
radganac savarjiSos damuSavebis procesi jer dasrulebuli ar aris, mocemul
etapze SeuZlebelia Tqvens mier misi Sesrulebis xarisxis Sefaseba, risTvisac
bodiSs gixdiT”. K
kiTxvaris Sevsebis Semdeg c.p.-bs vTxovdiT mieTiTebinaT (kiTxvaris
qveda kuTxeSi +/_ niSnebiT) msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis Sesaxeb
ganzraxvaze anu aReniSnaT, miiRebdnen Tu ara monawileobas sxva dros
msgavsi savarjiSos SesrulebaSi. kiTxvarze aRiniSneboda savarjiSos
c.p.-is
mier
Sesrulebuli
variantis
nomeri
ukukavSiris
tipisa
da
kategoriis mixedviT da pirveli proceduris dros miniWebuli kodi (c.p.ebs varwmunebdiT, rom gamokvleva anonimuria da rom maT sakuTari gvari
mxolod
erTxel
unda
daesaxelebinaT,
raTa
wagveSala
igi
Cvens
JurnalSi _ darCenili gvarebis mixedviT TiTqos Cven gvsurda zustad
gangvesazRvra
momavalSi
msgavs
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
msurvelTaTvis es namdvilad ganmeorebiTi gamocdileba iqneboda Tu
pirvelad
Seasrulebdnen
TandaswrebiT
kiTxvars
Cvens
vaniWebdiT
savarjiSos.
JurnalSi
kods,
vSlidiT,
romelic
Semdeg
mis
xolo
mis
sinamdvileSi
gvars
mier
iyo
misive
Sevsebul
pirveli
proceduris dros miniWebuli kodi, romelsac vadgendiT JurnalSi misi
gvaris mixedviT). aRniSnuli kodis garda kiTxvarze miTiTebuli iyo
97
agreTve
savarjiSos
c.p.-is
mier
Sesrulebuli
varianti
ukukavSiris
tipisa da kategoriis mixedviT (1-10).
savarjiSos
mimarT
kiTxvaris
Sevsebis
Tvisebebi
TvisebaTa
verbalurad gamoxatuli
Semdeg
c.p.-ebs
Sefasebis
vTxovdiT
sakvlevi
atitudis
SeefasebinaT
kiTxvaris
sakvlevi
sakuTari
(danarTi
#6)
saSualebiT. Sesabamisad, c.p.-ebi ganmeorebiT avsebdnen ori kviris win
Sevsebul kiTxvars. am kiTxvarsac, cxadia, eniWeboda igive kodi.
mesame nawili (procedura) _ msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis
ganzraxvis
Sesaxeb
GganmeorebiTi
gamokiTxva
Catarda
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis miRebidan erTi Tvis Semdeg. c.p.-ebs ganmeorebiT msgavs
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
Sesaxeb
(meore
procedura)
gamoTqmuli
survilis (ganzraxvis) Sexsenebis gareSe vekiTxebodiT, surdaT Tu ara
erTi Tvis win Sesrulebuli savarjiSos msgavsi savarjiSos Sesruleba.
gamokiTxvis
Semdeg
msurvelebs
fiqsirebuli
ganwyobis
gulisxmobda
instruqciis
CautardaT
aqtualizaciis
wakiTxvas
da
eqsperimentis
procedura,
ramodenime
mimarT
romelic
sawyisi
svlis
Sesrulebas. gamokiTxvisas c.p.-Ta gvarebs viniSnavdiT, rac gvaZlevda
saSualebas maTTvis savarjiSos is varianti Cagvetarebina, romelic maT
adre Seasrules. Sesabamisad, isini Rebulobdnen
savarjiSos pirvelad
Sesrulebisas miRebul ukukavSirebs (or-or ukukavSirs). Pproceduris
realuri mizani (ganwyobis aqtualizacia) SevniRbeT eqsperimentisa da
savarjiSos zustad gaxsenebis motiviT.
A
aRniSnuli procedurisa da c.p.-Ta gamokiTxvis Semdeg msurvelebs
vacnobeT, rom maT SeeZloT msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad
gamocxadebuliyvnen maTTvis sasurvel dRes garkveul saaTebSi (10:00 –
15:00) erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
Semdgomi erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi vawarmoebdiT aRniSnul saaTebSi
eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadebul c.p.-Ta aRricxvas.
gamocxadebis
mwyobridan
Semdeg
c.p.-ebs
gamosvlis
gamocxadebuliyvnen.
gamo
vubodiSebdiT
da
vTxovdiT
kompiuteris
ori
kviris
droebiT
Semdeg
ori kviri Semdeg gamocxadebul c.p-ebs vuxsnidiT
98
eqsperimentis
WeSmarit
mizans
da
madlobas
vuxdidiT
TanamSromlobisaTvis.
2.2.6. cdis pirebi
kvleva Catarda profesiulad da socialurad erTgvarovan jgufze
(YT.s.u.
miiRo
fsiqologiis fakultetis studentebze). kvlevaSi monawileoba
186
studentma.
respondentTa
c.p.-bi
ganawileba
SevarCieT
sqesisa
da
moxaliseobis
asakis
principiT.
mixedviT
qvemoT
warmoadgenilia cxrilis saxiT:
cxrili 2.
sqesi
asaki weli
Qali
sul
mamakaci
16
1
0
1
17
17
1
18
18
40
2
42
19
42
2
44
20
37
3
40
21
27
3
30
22
5
4
9
23
1
0
1
25
0
1
1
170
16
186
19,20
20,40
19,30
1,37
1,99
1,46
sul
saSualo
asaki
stadnartuli
gadaxra

aqve avRniSnavT, rom moxalise vaJ respodentTa simcirisa da asakobrivi erTgarovnebis gamo sqesi da
asaki naSromSi ar aris warmoadgenili damoukidebeli cvladebis saxiT.
99
III nawili. eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi
miRebuli
monacemebi
damuSavda
statistikuri
paketis
SPSS-is
meSveobiT. gamoyenebuli iqna aRweriTi da daskvniTi statistikis mTeli
rigi meTodebi _ or cvladiani da mravalganzomilebiani statistikuri
meTodebi. gamoyenebuli iyo Pearson-is korelacia, dispersiuli analizi
VAA (General Factorial Model), sixSireTa ganawilebis cxrilebi 2 (Pearson Chi Square), saSualoTa Sedarebis testi damoukidebeli jgufebisTvis (T- Test
for Independent Samples)
da binaruli logistikuri regresiuli (Binary
Logistic Regression) analizi.
3.1. c.p.-Ta mier sakuTar TvisebaTa Sefasebis (ramdenad axasiaTebT esa Tu
is
Tviseba),
agreTve
TvisebaTa
gamoxatulebis
maTTvis
sasurveli
xarisxis (ramdenad surT, rom axasiaTebdeT esa Tu is Tviseba) gazomva
eqsperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg; c.p.-Ta mier sakuTar unarTa
Sefasebaze
ukukavSiris tipis
da kategoriis zegavlenis
socialuri
ukukavSiris zegavlenis
gansazRvra.
zogadoba/konkretulobis
dadgena
(calkeuli Tvisebis Sesaxeb miRebuli ukukavSiris gavlena ramdenad
vrceldeba c.p.-is mier sxva Tvisebebis Sefasebaze).
c.p.-ebi 7 balian skalaze afasebdnen ramdenad axasiaTebT qvemoT
CamoTvlili
axasiaTebdeT.
Tvisebebi
sul
da
Sefasda
ramdenad
8
Tviseba
undaT,
(unari)
rom
es
Tvisebebi
eqsperimentamde
da
eqsperimentis Semdeg. amasTan Tvisebebi ise iyo formulirebuli rom
maqsimaluri qula (3) yovelTvis niSnavda pozitiuri Tvisebis (unaris)
flobas/survils, minimaluri qula (-3) ki am Tvisebis (unaris) ar flobas
/ar survils.
gamoTvili
iqna
aRniSnuli
rva
unaris
jamuri
Sefaseba
esperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg. Sesabamisad TiToeuli c.p.-Tvis
miviReT 4 cvladi:

e.w. `sumaruli Sefasebebis meTodis~ analogiurad
100
eqsperimentamde
eqsperimentis
Semdeg
Tvlian, rom es Tvisebebi
cvladi 1
cvladi 3
cvladi 2
cvladi 4
(unarebi) maT axasiaTebT
am unarebis flobis
sasurveli xarisxi
swored es jamuri cvladebi monawileoben Semdgom statistikur
analizSi.
Tavdapirvelad,
gamoxatulebis
jgufisTvis
unda
sasurveli
erTad,
metia
aRiniSnos
xarisxi
am
rom
CamoTvlili
(saSualo
Tvisebebis
Tvisebebis
maCvenebeli)
gamoxatulebis
yvela
xarisxze
(saSualo maCvenebelze), rogorc eqsperimentamde ise eqsperimentis Semdeg
anu c.p.-ebs surT esa Tu is Tviseba ufro metad axasiaTebdeT, vidre maTi
azriT axasiaTebT.
1,96
2,00
Tvlian rom
axasiaTebT
(eqsperimentis
Semdeg)
2
Tvlian rom
axasiaTebT
(eqsperimentamde)
saSualo qula
3
2,69
2,73
surT rom
axasiTebdeT
(eqsperimentis
Semdeg)
3
surT rom
axasiTebdeT
(eqsperimentamde)
diagrama 1 ramdenad axasiaTebT da ramdenad surT rom axasiaTebdeT
eqsperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg, mTeli erTobliobisTvis erTad,
aTive jgufi
2
1
1
0
101
eqsperimentis amocanidan gamomdinare, imisaTvis rom dagvedgina ra
gavlena
moaxdina
eqsperimentis
dros
gamoyenebulma
ukukavSiris
sxvadasxva tipma, daTvlili iqna am cvladebis saSualo mniSvnelobebi
ukukavSiris TiToeuli jgufisTvis `mde~ da `Semdeg~ calcalke.
qvemoT mocemul diagramebze (diagrama 2 da 3) Cans rom zogierT
jgufSi
Tvisebebis
gamoxatulebis
realuri
Sefasebis
saSualo
maCvenebelma daiklo eqsperimentis Semdeg, zogierT jgufSi ki moimata.
analogiuri
SeiZleba
iTqvas
TvisebaTa
gamoxatulebis
sasurveli
xarisxis Sefasebaze.
sumaruli Sefasebi s saSualo
diagrama 2. ramdenad Tvlian c.p.-ebi rom es Tvisebebi axasiaTebT maT,
eqseprimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg, ukukavSiris jgufebis mixedviT
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
sakuTari Tvisebebis Sefaseba eqsperimentamde
sakuTari Tvsebebis Sefseba eqsperimentis Semdeg
102
sumaruli Sefasebis saSualo
diagrama 3. ramdenad surT c.p.-ebs rom es Tvisebebi maT axasiaTebdeT,
eqsperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg, ukukavSiris jgufebis mixedviT
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Tvisebebis gamoxatulebis sasurveli xarisxi eqsperimentamde
Tvisebebis gamoxatulebis sasurveli xarisxi eqsperimentis Semdeg
diagrama 4. eqsperimentis Semdeg TvisebaTa realuri gamoxatulebis
xarisxis Sefasebis saSualo maCveneblebis cvlileba ukukavSiris
jgufebis mixedviT
IX
VIII
X
VII
II
I
IV
VI
V
III
-1
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
saSualo qulis cvlileba
103
0,4
0,6
0,8
rogorc vxedavT (diagrama 4), savarjiSos Sesrulebis procesSi,
sxvadasxva ukukavSiris micemam gansxvavebuli Sedegebi gamoiwvia unarebis
gamoxatulebis realuri xarisxis SefasebaSi.
TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis realuri xarisxis Sefasebis saSualo
maCvenebeli gaezardaT im jgufebis c.p.-ebs, sadac manipulirebuli iyo
pozitiuri 2 tipis (II jgufi), pozitiuri 1 tipis (I jgufi), Sereuli 1, 2,
da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi (VII, VIII, IX jgufebi). igive SeiZleba iTqvas
sakontrolo jgufSi (X) momxdar cvlilebebze. amavedros, TvisebaTa
gamoxatulebis
realuri
xarisxis
Sefasebis
saSualo
maCvenebeli
Semcirda jgufebSi, sadac c.p.-ebs miewodebodaT negatiuri 1, 2 da 3 tipis
ukukavSirebi ((IV, V, VI) da pozitiuri 3 tipis ukukavSirebi (III jgufi).
imisaTvis rom gavigoT Sefasebebis saSualo maCveneblebSi momxdari
cvlileba
qsperimentis
SemTxveviTobaa,
saWiroa
zegavlenis
davadginoT
Sedegs
warmoadgens,
statistikurad
ramdenad
Tu
sandoa
saSualo maCveneblebis es cvlileba.
erTfaqtoriani dispersiuli analizis (ANOVA) meSveobiT Semowmda
varaudi,
rom
erTmaneTisgan
(I-X)
jgufebi
TvisebaTa
eqsperimentamde
ar
realuri gamoxatulebis
gansxvavdebodnen
xarisxis
Sefasebis
mixedviT, anu maT mier unarebis jamuri Sefasebebis saSauloebi ar
gansxvavdebodnen mniSvnelovnad erTmaneTisgan.
ANOVA-s
procedura
(damoukidebel
cvladze),
saSualebas
iZleva.
damokidebuli
cvladis
erTganzomilebian
variaciis
analizi
erT
faqtorze
variaciis
analizis
gamoiyeneba
hipoTezis
Sesamowmeblad rom ramodenime saSualo aris Tanabari. Tu nulovani
hipoTeza
WeSmaritia
SerCevis
saSualoebs
(saSualoebi
Soris
ar
gansxvavdeba
arsebuli
mcire
jgufebSi),
gansxvavebebi
maSin
SeiZleba
gamowveuli iyos SemTxveviTi cvalebadobiT. amitom nulovani hipoTezis
WeSmaritebis
SemTxvevaSi
utoldebodes
Sidajgufuri
saerTo
dispersia
dispersias,
praqtikulad
gamoTvlils
unda
jgufuri
mikuTvnebulobis gareSe. miRebuli Sidajgufuri dispersiebis Sedareba
SeiZleba
F-kriteriumis
dispersiebis
Sefardeba
meSveobiT,
1-ze
meti.
mniSvnelobis done.
104
romelic
amaze
amowmebs
metyvelebs
ramdenadaa
statistikuri
cxrili 3.
eqsperimentamde da eqsperimnetis Semdeg sxvadasxva
ukukavSiris
jgufebs
Soris
Tvisebebis
gamoxatulebis
xarisxis
Sefasebis saSualo maCveneblebs Soris arsebuli sxvaobis Semowmeba
ANOVA-s meTodiT
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Tvisebebis
gamoxatulebis
xarisxis Sefaseba
eqsperimentamde
jgufebs
Soris
1,989
9
,221
,550
,837
Tvisebebis
gamoxatulebis
xarisxis Sefaseba
eqsperimetnis
Semdeg
jgufebs
Soris
6,540
9
,727
1,871
,052
rogorc cxrili 3.-dan Cans, eqsperimentamde sxvadasxva ukukavSiris
jgufebi
Tvisebebis
gamoxatulebis
xarisxis
saSualo
maCveneblebis
mixedviT ar gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan – F <1, Sig.=0,837. maSin roca
eqsperimentis
Semdeg
jgufebis
saSualoebs
Soris
arsebuli
sxvaoba
statistikurad mniSvnelovania F >1, Sig.=0,052.
analogiuri procedura gamoyenebuli iqna Tvisebebis gamoxatulebis
sasurveli xarisxis jamuri Sefasebis saSualo mniSvnelobebs Soris
arsebuli gansxvavebis Sesamowmeblad.
cxrili
4.
eqsperimentamde
da
eqsperimnetis
Semdeg
sxvadasxva
ukukavSiris jgufebs Soris `sasurveli~ unarebis Sefasebis saSualo
maCveneblebs Soris arsebuli sxvaobis Semowmeba ANOVA-s meTodiT
Sum of Squares
Tvisebebis
gamoxatulebis
jgufebs
sasurveli xarisxis
Soris
Sefaseba
eqsperimentamde
Tvisebebis
gamoxatulebis
sasurveli xarisxis jgufebs
Sefaseba
Soris
eqsperimetnis
Semdeg
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
1,605
9
0,178
0,737
0,675
3,632
9
0,404
1,811
0,069
105
rogorc cxrili 4-dan Cans Tvisebebis gamoxatulebis sasurveli
xarisxis
saSualo maCveneblebis mixedviT eqsperimentuli jgufebi ar
gansxvavebodnen erTmaneTisgan,
F <1, Sig.=0,675, eqsperimentis Semdeg ki
saSualo Sefasebebs Soris arsebuli sxvaoba statistikurad ar aRmoCnda
mniSvnelovani, F >1, magram Sig.=0,069.
radgan
sxvadasxva
ANOVA-s
proceduram
ukukavSiris
aCvena,
jgufebis
mier
rom
eqsperimentis
Tvisebebis
Semdeg
gamoxatulebis
realuri xarisxis Sefaseba gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan, Semdegi etapia
Semowmdes kerZod ukukavSiris romel jgufebSi gaizarda mniSvnelovnad
da romel jgufebSi Semcirda sakuTari Tvisebebis (unarebis) Sefaseba.
amisaTvis gamoyenebuli iqna Paired-Samples T Test.
Paired-Samples T Test
proceduris meSveobiT irkveva erTi jgufis ori cvladis mniSvnelobebis
saSualebis Soris sxvaoba (Cvens SemTxvevaSi, erTi jgufis saSualoebi
eqsperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg) SeiZleba aixsnas statistikurad
mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebiT Tu ara.
cxrili 5. ukukavSiris jgufebis mixedviT eqsperimentis Semdeg
Tvisebebis gamoxatulebis xarisxis SefasebaSi momxdari cvlilebis
mimarTuleba (gazrda/Semcireba) da cvlilebis statistikuri sandooba
jgufi
Sefasebis cvlilebis
mimarTuleba
gaizarda
gaizarda
Semcirda
Semcirda
Semcirda
Semcirda
gaizarda
gaizarda
gaizarda
gaizarda
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
cvlilebis statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba
(Sig.)
0,04
0,02
0,04
0,64
0,01
0,03
0,68
0,67
0,50
0,05
rogorc cxrili 5-dan Cans statistikurad mniSvnelovani cvlileba
TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis xarisxis Sefasebis mixedviT moxda I, II, III, V,
VI da X jgufebSi.
106
statistikuri analizis Semdeg etapze Independent-Samples T Test-is
meSveobiT, erTmaneTs Sedarda jgufebi, sadac pozitiuri ukukavSirebi
iyo
manipulirebuli
eqsperimentis
Semdeg
TvisebaTa
gamoxatulebis
`realuri~ xarisxis SefasebaSi momxdari cvlilebebis mixedviT.
cxrili 6. pozitiuri ukukavSiris TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis xarisxis
SefasebaSi eqsperimentis Semdeg momxdari cvlilebis mixedviT im
jgufTa Sedareba, sadac pozitiuri ukukavSirebi iyo manipulirebuli.
jgufebi, sadac pozitiuri ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli
II
III
Sig.
Sig.
I
0,2
0,05
II
0,04
gamoyenebuli procedura - Independent-Samples T Test
rogorc cxrili 6-dan Cans am jgufebs Soris eqsperimentis Semdeg
arsebuli
sxvaoba
statistikurad
SegviZlia
vTqvaT,
rom
(statistikurad
cvlilebebisagan,
I
da
II
mniSvnelovnad)
I
da
statistikurad
sando
manipulirebuli
iyo
II
ver
tipis
jgufSi
gansxvavdeba
jgufebs
anu
1
mniSvnelovania,
Soris
vityviT,
pozitiuri
risi
momxdari
III
cvlilebebi
jgufSi
gansxvaveba
rom
mixedviTac
I
ki
momxdari
ar
jgufSi,
ukukavSirebi,
aris
sadac
eqsperimentis
Semdeg c.p.-ebi ufro maRal Sefasebas aZlevdnen sakuTar Tvisebebs, vidre
II jgufSi, sadac c.p.-ebs 2 tipis pozitiuri ukukavSiri miewodebodaT.
analogiurad Semowmda, eqsperimentis Semdeg TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis
xarisxis
sxvaoba
Sefasebis mixedviT aris Tu ara statistikurad mniSvnelovani
im
jgufebs
Soris,
sadac
negatiuri
ukukavSirebi
iyo
manipulirebuli:
cxrili 7. TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis xarisxis SefasebaSi eqsperimentis
Semdeg momxdari cvlilebis mixedviT im jgufebis Sedareba, sadac
negatiuri ukukavSirebi iyo manipulirebuli
jgufebi, sadac negatiuri ukukavSirebi iyo gamoyenebuli
V
VI
Sig.
Sig.
IV
0,43
0,96
V
0,23
107
rogorc cxrili 7-dan Cans, im sam jgufs Soris, sadac c.p.-ebs
negatiuri ukukavSirebi miewodebodaT, eqsperimentis Semdeg arsebuli
sxvaoba ar aris statistikurad mniSvnelovani, anu ver vityviT rom IV
jgufSi ufro metad (statistikurad mniSvnelovnad) Semcirda sakuTar
TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis xarisxis Sefaseba, vidre V an VI jgufebSi. rac
Seexeba ukukavSiris kategorias, diagrama 5 asaxavs tendencias, romlis
mixedviTac
im
jgufebSi,
sadac
negatiuri
ukukavSirebi
iyo
manipulirebuli, gacilebiT didi sxvaoba moxda vidre jgufebSi, sadac
c.p.-ebs pozitiuri ukukavSirebi miewodebodaT, xolo Sereul jgufebSi
sxvaoba sul mcire iyo, magram arc es tendencia aRmoCnda statistikurad
mniSvnelovani.
diagrama 5. sakuTari Tvisebebis gamoxatulebis xarisxis SefasebaSi
momxdari cvlileba ukukavSiris kategoriis (pozitiuroba-negatiurobis)
mixedviT.
2,10
VII, VIII, IX jgufebi (ukukavSris
kategoria-Sereuli)
2,05
1,79
IV, V, VI jgufebi (ukukavSiris
kategoria-negatiuri)
2,03
2,01
I, II, III jgufebi (ukukavSiris
kategori-pozitiuri)
1,87
1,6
eqsperimentamde
rogorc
gamoavlina
vnaxeT,
Paired-Samples
statistikurad
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,1
2,2
eqsperimentis Semdeg
T
Test
mniSvnelovani
proceduram
cvlilebebi
(cxrili
c.p.-Ta
5)
mier
TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis xarisxis Sefasebis mixedviT I, II, III, V, VI da X
jgufebSi. ramdenadac sakontrolo jgufSi (X)
momxdari cvlileba e.w.
bunebriv SemTxvevas warmoadgens anu ukukavSirebis manipulirebis gareSe
108
savarjiSos
Sesrulebaze
cvlileba
c.p.-Ta
statistikurad
bunebriv
reaqciad
mniSvnelovani
iTvleba
aRmoCnda
da
es
(sig=0,05),
eqsperimentul jgufebSi momxdari cvlilebebis mniSvnelovneba mxolod
sakontrolo
jgufSi
momxdar
cvlilebasTan
Sedarebis
safuZvelze
SeiZleba ganisazRvros.
cxrili 8. sakontrolo jgufis eqsperimentul jgufebTan Sedareba
TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis xarisxis SefasebaSi eqsperimentis Semdeg
momxdari cvlilebis mixedviT.
jgufi Secdomis albaToba (Sig.)
I
0,233
II
0,46
III
0,02
IV
0,06
V
0,001
VI
0,01
VII
0,22
VIII
0,07
IX
0,59
X
mniSvnelovani
jgufebSi:
SedarebiT
rogorc
cvlilebebi
cxrili
sakuTar
gamovlinda
8-dan
TvisebaTa
Cans,
(cxrili
sakontrolo
gamoxatulebis
III,
8)
Vda
jgufTan
xarisxis
VI
(X)
Sefasebis
mixedviT mniSvnelovani cvlileba gamovlinda im jgufebSi, sadac 2 da 3
tipis negatiuri ukukavSirebi iyo manipulirebuli. kerZod, eqsperimentis
Semdeg c.p.-Ta gamokiTxvis Sedegebma aCvena, rom isini sakuTar TvisebaTa
gamoxatulebis ufro dabal xarisxs asaxelebdnen, vidre eqsperimentamde.
igive Sedegi iqna miRebuli sakontrolo jgufTan SedarebiT agreTve III
jgufSi, sadac 3 tipis pozitiuri ukukavSiri iyo manipulirebuli.
SevamowmeT ra cvlilebebi moxda eqsperimentis Semdeg Sereuli
ukukavSiris
jgufebSi
anu
jgufebSi,
miewodebodaT
pozitiuri
da
gvainteresebda
cvlilebebi,
romlebic
TvisebaTa
SefasebaSi,
ukukavSiri
miiRes
gamovlinda
(1,
c.p.-Ta
negatiuri
romlebTan
3,
5,
mier
7
sadac
dakavSirebiTac
da
TvisebaTa
109
monacvleobiT
ukukavSirebi.
gamovlinda
Tvisebebi)
im
c.p.-ebs
c.p.-Ta
maT
cvlilebebi,
SefasebaSi,
kerZod,
mier
im
pozitiuri
romlebic
romlebTan
dakavSirebiTac maT negatiuri ukukavSiri miiRes (2, 4, 6, da 8 Tvisebebi).
amisaTvis
gamoviTvaleT
im
4
Tvisebis
jamuri
Sefasebis
saSualo,
romlebTan dakavSirebiTac miwodebuli iyo pozitiuri ukukavSiri am
jgufebSi
da
im
dakavSirebiTac
4
Tvisebis
jamuri
negatiuri
Sefasebis
ukukavSiri
saSualo,
iyo
romlebTan
manipulirebuli
eqsperimentamde da eqsperimetis Semdeg.
diagrama 6. Sereuli ukukavSiris jgufebSi im TvisebaTa Sefasebis
saSualo maCveneblebi, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac c.p.-ebma pozitiuri da
negatiuri ukukavSirebi miiRes eqsperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg.
pasuxebi 2,4,6 da 8
TvisebebTan
dakavSirebiT
1,99
pasuxebi 1,3,5 da 7
TvisebebTan
dakavSirebiT
2,10
1,98
2,21
0
1
saSualo Sefaseba
eqsperimentis Semdeg
2
3
eqsperimentamde
rogorc vxedavT, Sereul jgufebSi (sadac c.p.-ebs monacvleobiT
miewodebodaT pozitiuri da negatiuri ukukavSirebi) gamovlinda c.p.-Ta
mier im TvisebaTa Sefasebis zrdis tendencia, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac
maT
pozitiuri
ukukavSiri
tendencia
im
TvisebaTa
negatiuri
ukukavSiri
miiRes
(1,
SefasebaSi,
miiRes
(2,
4,
3,
5,
7
romlebTan
6,
da
8
Tvisebebi)
klebis
dakavSirebiTac
Tvisebebi),
tendenciebi statistikurad umniSvnelo aRmoCnda (cxrili 9).
110
da
Tumca
maT
es
cxrili 9. Sereuli ukukavSiris
statistikuri mniSvnelovneba
jgufebSi
momxdari
cvlilebis
Sig
im Tvisebebis SefasebaSi momxdari
cvlileba, romelTa mimarTac pozitiuri
ukukavSiri iyo gamoyenebuli (1,3,5,7)
im Tvisebebis SefasebaSi momxdari
cvlileba, romelTa mimarTac negatiuri
ukukavSiri iyo gamoyenebuli (1,3,5,7)
gamoyenebuli procedura Paired Samples Test
0,182
0,900
im jgufebSi, sadac 3 tipis ukukavSiri iyo manipulirebuli (III, VI,
IX), sakuTari unarebis Sefasebis daqveiTebis ramdenadme ufro Zlieri
tendencia gamovlinda im jgufebTan SedarebiT, sadac c.p.-ebs 2 tipis
ukukavSirebi
miewodebodaT
(cxrili
10),
magram
es
tendencia
mniSvnelovani mxolod pozitiuri ukukavSirebisTvis aRmoCnda (cxrili
11).
cxrili 10.
sakuTar TvisebaTa SefasebaSi
momxdari cvlileba
II, V, VIII -0,025
III, VI, IX -0,087
sxvaobis statistikuri
mniSvneloba (Sig)
0,5
rogorc cxrili 10 aCvenebs, im jgufebSi, sadac 3 tipis ukukavSiri
iyo manipulirebuli (III, VI, IX), sakuTari unarebis SefasebaSi momxdari
gansxvaveba ufro didia, vidre jgufebSi, sadac
2 tipis ukukavSirebis
manipulireba moxda, magram es gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovani
ar aRmoCnda.
amavedros,
sakuTar
unarTa
SefasebebSi
momxdari
cvlilebebis
Sedareba jgufebSi, sadac 2 da 3 tipis pozitiuri ukukavSirebi iyo
manipulirebuli, aCvenebs, rom im jgufSi, sadac 3 tipis pozitiuri
ukukavSiris
manipulireba
xdeboda
(III
jgufi),
sakuTari
unarebis
Sefaseba mkveTrad daqveiTda im jgufTan SedarebiT, sadac c.p.-ebs 2
111
tipis
pozitiur
ukukavSirebs
awvdidnen
(II),
amasTan
es
sxvaoba
statistikurad mniSvnelovania (cxrili 11).
cxrili 11.
jgufebi
sakuTar TvisebaTa
SefasebaSi momxdari
cvlileba
II 0,2868
III -0,0833
sakuTar
unarTa
Sefasebis
mniSvneloba (Sig)
0,04
TvalsazrisiT
im
jgufebSi
momxdari
cvlilebebi, sadac negatiuri 2 da 3 tipis ukukavSirTa manipulireba
moxda (cxrili 12: V da VI jgufebi), agreTve im jgufebSi momxdari
cvlilebebi, sadac c.p.-ebs Sereuli (anu monacvleobiT pozitiuri da
negatiuri
ukukavSirebis
miewodebodaT
(cxrili
miwodeba)
13: VIII,
IX
2
da
3
tipis
jgufebi), arc
ukukavSirebi
msgavs tendencias
asaxavs da da arc statistikuri sandoobiT gamoirCeva.
cxrili 12.
jgufebi
sakuTar unarTa SefasebaSi
momxdari cvlileba
V -0,3816
VI -0,2171
mniSvneloba (Sig)
0,23
cxrili 13.
jgufebi
sakuTar unarTa SefasebaSi sxvaobis statistikuri
momxdari cvlileba
mniSvneloba (Sig)
VIII 0,0526
0,95
IX 0,0625
112
3.2. savarjiSos mimarT
atitudis sakvlevi kiTxvaris konsistentobis
gansazRvra
qceviT
(emociur,
da
SefasebT
komponentTa
Soris
korelaciebis dadgena). verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris kategoriis
(ukukavSiris pozitiuroba-negatiurobis) zegavlenis gansazRvra c.p.-Ta
atitudze
savarjiSos
komponentebze).
mimarT
verbaluri
(emociur,
socialuri
qceviT
da
SefasebiT
tipis
zegavlenis
afasebdnen
savarjiSos
ukukavSiris
gansazRvra c.p.-Ta atitudze savarjiSos mimarT.
Tavdapirvelad
sami
eqspretimentis
kriteriumis
monawileebi
mixedviT,
romlebic
Tavis
mxriv
iyofoda
im
konkretul
qvekriteriumebad:
1. savarjiSo sasiamovno da azartulia
2. savarjiSo
sasargebloa
anu
Seesabameba
mizans,
romlisTvisac aris Seqmnili
3. savarjiSo mniSvnelovania zogadad, rogorc meTodi sxva (msgavs)
mizanTa misaRwevad
TiToeuli qvekriteriumis Sefaseba xdeboda 7 qulian skalaze, -3dan 3-mde.
savarjiSos
jamuri
kriteriumisTvis.
swored
Sefaseba
es
gamoTvlili
maCveneblebi
iqna
monawileoben
samive
Semdgom
statistikuri analizis procesSi.
savarjiSos mimarT atitudis sakvlevi kiTxvaris konsistenturobis
(anu
sakiTxTa
erTgarovnebis)
Segvemowmebina,
damokidebulebebis
erTimxriv
dasadgenad
c.p.-Ta
Sesabamisoba,
xolo
mizanSewonilad
emociuri
da
meoremxriv,
miviCnieT,
SefasebiTi
emociuri
da
SefasebiTi damokidebulebebis Sesabamisoba savarjiSos mimarT c.p.-Ta
qceviT
ganzraxvasTan,
risTvisac
gamoviyeneT
spirmenis
korelaciis
koeficienti (Spearman Correlation).
rogorc
cxrili
14-dan
Cans
arsebobs
dadebiTi,
statistikurad
mniSvnelovani korelacia savarjiSos mimarT emociursa da SefasebiT
damokidebulebebs Soris anu, rac ufro pozitiuria savarjiSos mimarT
c.p.-Ta
emociuri damokidebuleba, miT ufro maRal Sefasebas aZleven
113
isini
savarjiSos
konkretul
da
zogadad,
rogorc
meTodis
mniSvnelovnebas.
cxrili 14. savarjiSos Sefasebis komponentebs Soris korelacia
emociuri
damokidebuleba
Spearman Correlation (Sig.)
emociuri
damokidebuleba
zogadi
0,436 (0,000)
mniSvnelovneba
Kkonkretuli
0,438 (0,000)
mniSvnelovneba
zogadi
Kkonkretuli
mniSvnelovneba mniSvnelovneba
0,436 (0,000)
0,438 (0,000)
0,557 (0,000)
0,557 (0,000)
savarjiSos mimarT emociur, SefasebiT damokidebulebasa da qceviT
ganzraxvas
Soris
kavSiric
aRmoCnda
statistikurad
mniSvnelovani
(cxrili 15).
cxrili 15. savarjiSos mimarT emociur da SefasebiT damokidebulebasa
(jamuri maCvenebeli) da qceviT ganzarxvas Soris kavSiri
korelaciis koeficienti
mniSvneloba sandooba
(Value)
(Sig.)
0,360
0,000
186
spirmenis (Spearman)
sul c.p.-Ta raodenoba
amgvarad, rac ufro maRal Sefasebas aZleven c.p.-ebi savarjiSos
miT ufro meti albaToba arsebobs imisa, rom isini msgavs eqsperimetnSi
monawileobas ganizraxaven. Sesabamisad,
samive:
emociuri,
SefasebiTi
da
savarjiSos
qceviTi
mimarT
atitudis
komponentebi
maRal
SesabamisobaSi imyofeba erTmaneTTan.
imisaTvis
rom
dagvedgina,
ukukavSiris
kategorias
(pozitiuroba/negatiurobas) aqvs Tu ara gavlena savarjiSos Sefasebaze,
SevadareT
Sesrulebuli
savarjiSos
Sefaseba
samive
kriteriumis
mixedviT im jgufebSi, sadac pozitiuri ukukavSiri iyo manipulirebuli
(I, II, III)
im jgufebis c.p.-Ta mier savarjiSos Sefasebas, romelTac
negatiuri ukukavSiri miewodebodaT.
114
diagrama
7.
savarjiSos
Sefasebis
saSualo
maCveneblebi
samive
kriteriumis mixedviT im jgufTaTvis, romelTac pozitiuri da negatiuri
ukukavSirebi miewodebodaT
2,36
2,5
saSualo Sefaseba
2
1,67
jgufebi, sadac
pozitiuri
ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli
1,83
1,65
1,56
1,5
1,1
jgufebi, sadac
negatiuri
ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli
1
0,5
0
siamovneba da
azarti
savarjiSos
konkretuli
mniSvnelovneba
savarjiSos
zogadi
mniSvnelovneba
rogorc vxedavT, (diagrama 7) is jgufebi, sadac c.p.-ebs pozitiuri
ukukavSirebi
miewodebodaT,
savarjiSos
samive
kriteriumis
mixedviT
ufro pozitiurad afaseben, vidre jgufebi, sadac negatiuri ukukavSiri
iyo gamoyenebuli.
amasTan
Semowmda,
aris
Tu
ara
statistikurad
mniSvnelovani
Sefasebebs Soris sxvaoba im jgufebSi, sadac pozitiuri da negatiuri
ukukavSirebi iqna gamoyenebuli.
rogorc cxrili 16-dan Cans, ori kriteriumis mixedviT (savarjiSo
sasiamovno da azartulia; savarjiSo sasargebloa) Sefasebebs Soris
arsebuli gansxvaveba mniSvnelovania.
imisaTavis
rom
SevamowmoT,
ukukavSiris
tipi
(implicituri
Sinaarsi) axdens Tu ara zegavlenas savarjiSos Sefasebaze, SevadareT im
jgufTa
jgufebis
moncemebi,
c.p.-Ta
romelTac
pasuxebs,
1
sadac
tipis
ukukavSiri
2
3
da
tipis
miewodebodaT
ukukavSirebi
im
iqna
gamoyenebuli*. rogorc aRmoCnda (diagrama 8), jgufebSi, sadac 1 tipis
*
savarjiSos Sefasebis saSualoebs Soris statistikurad mniSvnelovani sxvaoba im
jgufebis c.p.-ebTan, romelTac 2 da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi miiRes, ar dafiqsirda
115
ukukavSirebi
iqna
gamoyenebuli,
c.p.-ebi
ufro
pozitiurad
afaseben
Sesrulebul savarjiSos, vidre im jgufTa c.p.-ebi, sadac 2 da 3 tipis
ukukavSirebi iyo manipulirebuli.
cxrili 16.
pozitiuri da negatiuri ukukavSiris jgufebis mier
savarjiSos Sefasebebs Soris arsebuli sxvaobis statistikuri sandooba
Sefasebis
komponenti
savarjiSos
jamuri
Sefaseba
(mean)
2,36
savarjiSo
sasiamono da
azartulia
jgufebi, sadac
pozitiuri
ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli (I, II,
III)
jgufebi, sadac
1,67
negatiuri
ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli (IV,
V, VI)
savarjiSo
jgufebi, sadac
1,65
sasargebloa
pozitiuri
unar-CvevaTa
ukukavSiri iyo
aTvisebisaTvis gamoyenebuli (I, II,
III)
jgufebi, sadac
1,10
negatiuri
ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli (IV,
V, VI)
savarjiSo
jgufebi, sadac
1,83
zogadad
pozitiuri
mniSvnelovania ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli (I, II,
III)
jgufebi, sadac
1,59
negatiuri
ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli (IV,
V, VI)
gamoyenebuli testi - Independent Samples Test
sxvaobis
statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba
(Sig.)
0,000
0,012
0,203
(Sig=0,474), ris gamoc aRniSnuli jgufebi rig gamoTvlebSi (diagrama 8; cxrili 17)
gaerTianebulad aris warmodgenili.
116
diagrama 8. jgufebis mier savarjiSos Sefasebis saSualo maCveneblebi
sami kriteriumis mixedviT
3
2,4
2,5
2,1
saSualo Sefaseba
jgufebi, sadac 1
tipis ukukavSirebi
iyo gamoyenebuli
1,99
1,88
2
1,64
1,5
1,27
jgufebi,sadac 2 da 3
tipis ukukavSirebi
iyo gamoyenebuli
1
0,5
0
siamovneba da
azarti
rogorc
cxrili
savarjoSos
konkretuli
mniSvnelovneba
17
aCvenebs,
savarjoSos
zogadi
mniSvnelovneba
samive
savarjiSos SefasebaSi arsebuli sxvaoba
manipulirebuli
iyo
impliciturad
kriteriumis
mixedviT
im jgufebs Soris, sadac
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
aRiarebaze (1 tipis) da ignorirebaze (2 da 3 tipis) miniSnebis Semcveli
ukukavSirebi, statistikurad sandoa. anu SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas,
rom jgufebSi, sadac 1 tipis anu situacia-fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi
iqna gamoyenebuli c.p.-ebi ufro pozitiurad afaseben savarjiSos, vidre
im jgufTa c.p.-ebi, romelTac 2 da 3 tipis anu ganzogadebuli da
socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi miiRes.
SevadaroT
(ukukavSiris
eqsperimentuli
gareSe)
pasuxebs
(9)
jgufebi
savarjiSos
sakontrolo
Sefasebis
jgufis
kriteriumebis
mixedviT.
pirveli kriteriumis mixedviT (savarjiSos Sesrulebisas miRebuli
siamovneba) savarjiSo yvelaze pozitiurad Seafasa jgufma, sadac 1 tipis
pozitiuri ukukavSiri iyo gamoyenebuli (I), xolo yvelaze negatiurad _
jgufma, sadac 3 tipis negatiuri ukukavSiri iqna gamoyenebuli (VI).
117
cxrili
17.
savarjiSos
Sefasebebs
Soris
arsebuli
statistikuri sandooba ukukavSiris tipebis mixedviT
Sefasebis
komponenti
savarjiSos
jamuri
Sefaseba
(mean)
2,40
2,10
jgufebi
siamovneba da
azarti
sxvaobis
statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba
(Sig.)
I, IV, VII
II, III, V, VI, VIII,
IX
konkretuli
1,88
I, IV, VII
mniSvnelovneba II, III, V, VI, VIII,
1,27
IX
zogadi
1,99
I, IV, VII
mniSvnelovneba II, III, V, VI, VIII,
1,64
IX
gamoyenebuli testi - Independent Samples Test
meore
kriteriumis
sargeblianobis
mixedviT,
Sefasebas
sxvaobis
0,027
0,001
0,044
romelic
konkretul
exeboda
unar-CvevaTa
savarjiSos
aTvisebis
TvalsazrisiT anu mis konkretul mniSvnelovnebas, savarjiSo yvelaze
pozitiurad Seafasa jgufma, sadac 1 tipis pozitiuri ukukavSiri iyo
gamoyenebuli (I), xolo yvelaze negatiurad _ jgufma, sadac 2 tipis
negatiuri ukukavSirebi iqna gamoyenebuli (V).
mesame
kriteriumis
mixedviT
(savarjiSos
zogadi
mniSvnelovneba)
savarjiSo yvelaze pozitiurad Seafasa jgufma, sadac gamoyenebuli iqna
3 tipis ukukavSirebi Sereulad (pozitiuri da negatiuri ukukavSirebis
monacvleobiT miwodeba), xolo yvelaze negatiurad _ jgufma, sadac 2
tipis negatiuri ukukavSirebi iyo gamoyenebuli.
savarjiSos jamuri (samive sakiTxis gaTvaliswinebiT) Sefasebis
mixedviT yvelaze pozitiurad savarjiSo Seafasa jgufma, sadac 1 tipis
anu
pozitiuri
ukukavSirebi
gamoviyeneT
(I),
xolo yvelaze negatiurad – jgufma, sadac 2 tipis anu ganzogadebuli
negatiuri ukukavSirebi iyo manipulirebuli.
118
diagrama 9.
eqsperimentuli jgufebis da sakontrolo jgufis mier
savarjiSos `sasiamovnooba/azartulobis~ anu emociuri Sefaseba
siamovneba da azarti
3
2.64
2.522
2.382
2.5
2.095
2
2.562
2.289
2.27
1.966
1.657
1.5
1.447
1
0.5
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
jgufebi
diagrama 10. eqsperimentuli jgufebis da sakontrolo jgufis mier
savarjiSos `sargeblianobis~ (anu konkretuli mniSvnelovnebis) Sefaseba
savarjiSos konkretuli mniSvnelovneba
2,5
2,08
2
1,8
1,669
1,789 1,756
1,267
1,5
1,937
1,69
1,23
1
0,44
0,5
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
jgufebi
119
VII
VIII
IX
X
savarjiSos zogadi `mniSvnelovnebis~ Sefaseba
savarjiSos zogadi mniSvnelovaneba
2,5
2,312
2,06
2
1,966
1,735
1,954
1,738
2,052
1,75
1,736
1,5
1,157
1
0,5
0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
jgufebi
savarjiSos `jamuri~ (kiTxvaris samive sakiTxis mixedviT) Sefaseba
savarjiSos sumaruli Sefaseba
2,5
2,270
2,260
2,088
1,929
2,0
1,911
2,032
1,903
1,700
1,471
1,5
1,085
1,0
0,5
0,0
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
jgufebi
120
VII
VIII
IX
X
gvainteresebda agreTve aris Tu ara eqsperimentuli jgufebis
(9)
mier da sakontrolo jgufis mier savarjiSos Sefasebebs Soris
arsebuli sxvaoba statistikurad mniSvnelovani.
cxrili 18. eqsperimentuli jgufebis da
sakontrolo jgufis mier
savarjiSos
Sefasebebs
Soris
arsebuli
sxvaobis
statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba (Sig.)
jgufebi
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
savarjiSos Sefasebis kriteriumi
savarjiSo
savarjiSo
sasiamono da
sasargebloa
azartulia
(Sig.)
(Sig.)
0,05
0,04
0,66
0,9
0,47
0,13
0,28
0,70
0,03
0,00
0,02
0,01
0,23
0,70
0,95
0,79
0,24
0,33
rogorc
sakontrolo
vxedavT
jgufTan
(cxrili
SedarebiT
18)
savarjiSo
mniSvnelovania
(Sig.)
0,05
0,9
0,96
0,44
0,03
0,04
0,44
0,24
0,04
eqsperimentuli
statistikurad
jgufebidan
mniSvnelovani
gansxvaveba savarjiSos SefasebaSi miviReT I, V da VI da IX jgufebSi.
savarjiSos Sefasebis ori qvekriteriumis - zogadi mniSvnelovnebisa da
konkretuli
mniSvnelovnebis
anu
sargeblianobis
gaerTianebis
saSualebiT SevamowmeT rogor afaseben sxvadasxva kategoriis jgufebi
savarjiSos erTiani SefasebiTi kriteriumis mixedviT da arsebobs Tu
ara mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba Sefasebebs Soris.
121
diagrama 13. savarjiSos Sefasebis saSualo maCveneblebi ukukavSiris
kategoriis mixedviT
3,00
2,50
2,46
2,36
2,00
2,28
1,89
1,74
1,67
1,50
1,79
pozitiuri
negatiuri
Sereuli
sakontrolo
1,26
1,00
0,50
0,00
savarjiSo sasiamovno
da azartulia
savarjiSo
mniSvnelovania
cxrili 19. savarjiSos emociuri Sefasebis mixedviT saSualo
maCveneblebs Soris arsebuli sxvaobis statistikuri mniSvnelovneba
savarjiSo sasiamono da azartulia
I, II, III
I, II, III
IV, V, VI
VII, VIII, IX
X
IV,V, VI
0,000
0,000
0,397
0,657
0,000
0,026
VII, VIII,
IX
0,397
0,000
X
0,657
0,026
0,281
0,281
cxrili 20. savarjiSos kognituri (SefasebiTi) kriteriumis mixedviT
saSualo
maCveneblebs
Soris
arsebuli
sxvaobis
statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba
savarjiSo mniSvnelovania
I, II, III
I, II, III
IV, V, VI
VII, VIII, IX
X
IV,V, VI
0,016
0,016
0,294
0,829
0,001
0,077
122
VII, VIII,
IX
0,294
0,001
0,574
X
0,829
0,077
0,574
diagrama 14. savarjiSos Sefasebis saSualo maCveneblebi ukukavSiris
tipebis mixedviT
3.00
2.41
2.28
2.10
2.01
2.00
1.95
1.79
1.58
1.40
1 tipis ukukavSiri
2 tipis ukukavSiri
3 tipis ukukavSiri
ukukavSiris gareSe
1.00
0.00
savarjiSo sasiamovno da
azartulia
cxrili 21. ukukavSiris tipis mixedviT savarjiSos emociuri Sefasebis
saSualo maCvenebelTa Soris arsebuli sxvaobis statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba
jgufebi
I, IV, VII (1
tipis
ukukavSiri)
II, V, VIII (2
tipis
ukukavSiri)
III, VI, IX (3
tipis
ukukavSiri)
X (ukukavSiris
gareSe)
savarjiSo sasiamono da azartulia
I, IV, VII
II, V, VIII
III, VI, IX
(1 tipis
(2 tipis
(3 tipis
ukukavSiri) ukukavSiri) ukukavSiri)
0,027
0,017
X
(ukukavSiris
gareSe)
0,456
0,027
0,408
0,610
0,017
0,610
0,456
0,408
0,310
0,310
123
cxrili 22. ukukavSiris tipis mixedviT savarjiSos mniSvnelovnebis
Sefasebis saSualo maCvenebelTa Soris arsebuli sxvaobis statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba
jgufebi
I, IV, VII (1
tipis
ukukavSiri)
II, V, VIII (2
tipis
ukukavSiri)
III, VI, IX (3
tipis
ukukavSiri)
X (ukukavSiris
gareSe)
I, IV, VII
II, V, VIII
(1 tipis
(2 tipis
ukukavSiri)
ukukavSiri)
0,002
III, VI, IX
(3 tipis
ukukavSiri)
0,021
X
(ukukavSiris
gareSe)
0,392
0,002
0,371
0,147
0,021
0,371
0,392
0,147
0,372
0,372
SevamowmeT savarjiSos ganmeorebiT Sesrulebis Sesaxeb ganzraxva
eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis mixedviT (cxrili 23).
cxrili 23. savarjiSos ganmeorebiT Sesrulebis survili (ganzraxva)
ukukavSiris jgufebis mixedviT (procenti gamoTvlilia TiToeuli
jgufidan, anu jgufidan ra nawilma Tqva rom miiRebda /ar miiRebda
xelmeored monawileobas)
ukukavSiris
jgufebi
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
sul
surs monawileoba
ar surs monawileoba
%
raodenoba
%
raodenoba
100
88,2
90,5
93,3
78,9
68,4
95,5
94,7
100
95
90,3%
18
15
19
14
15
13
21
18
16
19
168
124
0
11,8
9,5
6,7
21,1
31,6
4,5
5
0
5
9,7%
0
2
2
1
4
6
1
1
0
1
18
rogorc
cxrili
SemadgenlobiT
@23-dan
eqsperimentSi
Cans,
yvelaze
naklebi
ganmeorebiT
procentuli
monawileobis
miReba
ganizraxes V da VI jgufebis c.p.-ebma, xolo I da IX jgufebidan yvela
c.p.-ma gamoTqva ganmeorebiT msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis miRebis
survili. mniSvnelovania davadginoT, rogor zegavlenas axdens msgavs
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
Sesaxeb
c.p.-Ta
ganzraxvaze
ukukavSiris
kategoria da tipi.
cxrili 24. eqsperimentSi ganmeorebiT monawileobis miRebis Sesaxeb
ganzraxva (qceviTi ganzraxva) miRebuli ukukavSiris tipis mixdviT
jgufebi
gamoTqva survili
%
ar gamoTqva
survili
raodenoba
%
raodenoba
I, IV, VII (ukukavSiris
tipi _1)
II, V, VIII (ukukavSiris
tipi _2)
III, VI, IX (ukukavSiris
tipi _3)
96,4%
53
3,6%
2
87,3%
48
12,7%
7
85,7%
48
14,3%
8
rogorc
24-dan
cxrili
irkveva,
yvelaze
metad
monawileobis
survili gamoTqves im jgufebis c.p.-ebma, romelTac 1 tipis ukukavSiri
miewodebodaT da yvelaze naklebad im jgufTa c.p.-ebma, romelTac 3
tipis ukukavSirebi miiRes, Tumca
savarjiSos mimarT qceviT ganzraxvasa
da miRebuli ukukavSiris tips Soris kavSiri ar aRmoCnda statistikurad
mniSvnelovani (cxr. 25: Approx. Sig=0,192).
cxrili 25. ukukavSiris tipsa da qceviT ganzraxvas Soris kavSiri
mniSvneloba
kontingenciis koeficienti
(Contingency Coefficient)
ukukavSirTa
rom
tipis
vTqvaT,
savarjiSos
miuxedavadGc.p.-Ta
125
0,192
186
Sesrulebisas
umravlesobam
eqsperimentSi monawileobis miReba (cxrili 26).
(Approx. Sig.)
0,158
validur SemTxvevaTa raodenoba (N of Valid Cases)
sxvagvarad
daaxl.
statistikuri
mniSvnelovneba
miRebul
ganizraxa
msgavs
cxrili 26. qceviTi ganzraxva ukukavSiris implicituri Sinaarsis (tipis)
mixedviT
jgufebi
gamoTqva survili
ar gamoTqva
survili
raodenoba
%
raodenoba
%
I, IV, VII (ukukavSiris
tipi _1)
II, V, VIII (ukukavSiris
tipi _2)
III, VI, IX (ukukavSiris
tipi _3)
sakontrolo
sul
96,4%
53
3,6%
2
87,3%
48
12,7%
7
85,7%
48
14,3%
8
95%
90,3%
19
168
5%
9,7%
1
18
am Sedegs sxva Sesabamisi testebic adasturebs (cxrili 27), rac
sabolood
gvarwmunebs,
rom
ukukavSiris
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
ignorirebaze implicituri miniSneba ar axdens gavlenas savarjiSos
mimarT qceviT ganzraxvaze.
cxrili 27. ukukavSiris tipsa da savarjiSoSi monawileobis survils
(ganzrxvas) Soris damokidebulebis mniSvnelovnebis Semowmeba Chi-Square
testebis meSeveobiT Chi-Square Tests
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
mniSvneloba
Tavisuflebis
xarisxi
(Value)
Df
4,743(a)
5,287
cxrili 28. ukukavSiris kategorias
qceviT ganzraxvas Soris kavSiri
3
3
0,192
0,152
(pozitiuroba/negatiurobasa)
kontingenciis koeficienti
(Contingency Coefficient)
validur SemTxvevaTa raodenoba (N of Valid Cases)
126
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
da
mniSvneloba
daaxl.
statistikuri
mniSvnelovneb
a (Approx. Sig.)
,235
,013
186
cxrili
3-dan
Cans,
(pozitiuroba/negatiuroba)
rom
gavlenas
axdens
ukukavSiris
qceviT
kategoria
ganzraxvaze
anu
statistikurad sando aRmoCnda ukukavSiris kategoriasa da savarjiSos
mimarT qceviT ganzraxvas Soris kavSiri (Approx. Sig=0,013). ganzraxva ar
mieRoT monawileoba msgavs eqsperimentSi, yvelaze
raodenobiT
(20,8%)
im
c.p.-ebma
miiRes,
didi procentuli
romlebTanac
negatiuri
ukukavSirebi iyo manipulirebuli (cxrili 29). Sesabamisad, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom ukukavSiris kategoria gavlenas axdens savarjiSos mimarT
qceviT ganzraxvaze.
cxrili 29. qceviTi ganzraxva ukukavSiris kategoriis mixedviT
ukukavSiris kategoria
pozitiuri
negatiuri
Sereuli
sakontrolo
sul
92,9%
79,2%
96,5%
95,0%
90,3%
monawileobis ganzraxva
diax
ara
% raodenoba
% raodenoba
52
7,1%
4
42
20,8%
11
55
3,5%
2
19
5,0%
1
168
9,7%
18
cxrili 30. savarjiSos ganmeorebiT Sesrulebis survili (ganzraxva)
jgufebSi,
sadac
pozitiuri
da
negatiuri
ukukavSirebi
iyo
manipulirebuli
pozitiuri ukukavSiri
negatiuri ukukavSiri
aRniSnuli Sedegi
diax
ara
% raodenoba
% raodenoba
92,9%
52
7,1%
4
79,2%
42
20,8%
11
yvela Sesabamisi testiT dadasturda (ix. cxr. 31).
127
cxrili 31. ukukavSiris kategoriasa da savarjiSoSi monawileobis
survils Soris damokidebulebis mniSvnelovnebis Semowmeba Chi-Square
testebis meSeveobiT
mniSvnel
oba Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
SevamowmeT
monawileobis
Tavisuf
lebis
xarisxi
sandooba
df
4,251(b)
4,380
sandooba
sandooba
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
0,039
0,036
1
1
0,052
aris
miRebis
Tu
ara
msgavs
Sesaxeb
eqsperimentSi
uaryofiTi
0,036
ganmeorebiT
ganzraxvis
miRebis
TvalsazrisiT gansxvaveba mniSvnelovani im jgufebs Soris, romelTac 2
da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi miiRes.
cxrili 32.
msgavs eqsperimentSi ganmeorebiT monawileobis miRebis
Sesaxeb uaryofiTi ganzraxvis miRebaSi im jgufebs Soris gansxvavebis
mniSvnelovneba, romelTac 2 da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi miiRes
Chi-Square Tests
mniSvneloba
Value
0,058(b)
0,058
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
rogorc
Tavisuflebis
xarisxi
vxedavT
(cxrili
32),
df
1
1
es
sandooba
0,810
0,810
gansxvaveba
ar
aRmoCnda
statistikurad mniSvnelovani, (Sig.: 0.810), anu SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 3
tipis ukukavSiri iwvevs ganmeorebiT monawileobaze uaris Tqmis ufro
Zlier reaqcias, vidre 2 tipis ukukavSiri, Tumca es gansxvaveba ar aris
didi da Sesabamisad statistikurad mniSvnelovani.
128
3.3. aqtivobis
mimarT
individis
motivaciaze
socialuri
ukukavSiris
kategoriis zegavlenis gansazRvra (savarjiSos Sesrulebisas miRebul
ukukavSirTa
pozituroba-negatiurobis
zegavlenis
dadgena
msgavs
eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad c.p.-Ta gamocxadebasTan). aqtivobis
mimarT individis motivaciaze verbaluri socialuri ukukavSiris tipis
zegavlenis gansazRvra (savarjiSos Sesrulebisas miRebul ukukavSirTa
tipis zegavlenis dadgena msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad
c.p.-Ta
gamocxadebasTan).
atitudis
mixedviT
gansazRvris
aqtivobis
mocemuli
SesaZleblobis
verbalurad
mimarT
aqtivobis
dadgena
gamoxatuli
atitudis
verbalurad
mimarT
(anu
gamoxatuli
c.p.-Ta
ramdenad
mixedviT
motivaciis
SesaZlebelia
individis
qcevis
winaswarmetyveleba.)
msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis ganzraxvis Sesaxeb ganmeorebiTi
gamokiTxvis proceduraSi monawileoba ar miuRia 13 c.p.-s (c.p.-Ta saerTo
raodenobis 7%). Sesabamisad, statistikuri analizi ganxorcielda c.p.-Ta
93%-is (173 studenti) pasuxebis safuZvelze.
upirveles
yovlisa,
SevamowmeT
Secvales
Tu
ara
c.p.-ebma
savarjiSos ganmeorebiT Sesrulebis Sesaxeb ganzraxva eqsperimentidan
erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi (cxrili 33).
cxrili 33. eqsperimentis Semdgomi da ganmeorebiT gamokiTxvis Sedegebi
msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis ganzraxvis Sesaxeb
pirveli gamokiTxvis
Semdeg
%
raodenoba
Diax
Ara
monawileoba ar
miiRo meore
gamokiTxvaSi
90,3
9,7
monawileobis
168
18
%
85
8
raodenoba
158
15
7
13
sul
rogorc
monawileobis ganzraxva meore
gamokiTxvis Semdeg
100
cxrili
33-dan
survilis
186
Cans,
(qceviTi
ganmeorebiT
ganzraxvis)
129
100
186
msgavs
eqsperimentSi
Sesaxeb
eqsperimentis
Semdgom gamokiTxvis Sedegebi TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba 1 Tvis Semdgomi
gamokiTxvis
xolo
Sedegebisagan:
erTi
Tvis
Semdeg
eqsperimentis
ki
_
85%
Semdeg
gamoxata
gamokiTxulTa
msgavs
90,3%,
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis miRebis ganzraxva, rac miuTiTebs Cvens mier gamokiTxvamde
Catarebuli
proceduris
warmatebulobaze,
romelic
miznad
isaxavda
savarjiSos mimarT fiqsirebuli ganwyobis aqtualizacias.
SevamowmeT, axdens Tu ara gavlenas ukukavSiris kategoria da tipi
c.p.-Ta
qcevaze
anu
msgavs
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
misaRebad
gamocxadebaze.
cxrili 34. eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
ukukavSiris tipisa da kategoriis mixedviT
monawileobis
misaRebad gamocxadeba
jgufebi
raodeno
ba
%
I (ukukavSiri _ 1 tipi
pozitiuri)
II (ukukavSiri – 2 tipi
pozitiuri)
III (ukukavSiri _ 3
tipi pozitiuri)
IV
(ukukavSiri _ 1
tipi negatiuri)
misaRebad
gamocxadeba
monawileobis misaRebad ar
gamocxadeba
%
raodenoba
93,8
15
6,3
1
43,8
7
56,3
9
15,8
3
84,2
16
92,9
13
7,1
1
27,8
5
72,2
13
0
0
100
16
45
9
55
11
VIII (ukukavSiri _ 2 tipi
Sereuli)
27,8
5
72,2
13
IX (ukukavSiri _3 tipi
Sereuli)
31,3
5
68,8
11
V
tipi
VI
tipi
VII
tipi
(ukukavSiri _ 2
negatiuri)
(ukukavSiri _ 3
negatiuri)
(ukukavSiri _ 1
Sereuli)
X
sul U
50
10
50
10
41,6
72
58,4
101
cxrili 34. aCvenebs, rom
Sereuli
kategoriis
rogorc pozitiuri, aseve negatiuri da
jgufebidan
msgavs
130
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
misaRebad gamocxadebulTa Soris procentulad sWarbobs
c.p.-bi,
romelTac
1
tipis
ukukavSiri
miewodebodaT
im jgufTa
(I,
IV,
VII).
im
jgufebidan, romelTac 2 da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi miiRes (Sesabamisad, II,
V, VIII da III, VI, IX) eqsperimentSi
naklebi
c.p.
savarjiSos
gamocxadda,
rac
Sesrulebisas
SinaarsSi
potenciur
monawileobis misaRebad gacilebiT
gvaZlevs
safuZvels
miwodebuli
SesaZleblobaTa
vifiqroT,
ukukavSiris
ignorirebisa
rom
implicitur
da
garegani
kontrolis elementi gavlenas axdens mocemuli aqtivobis mimarT c.p.-Ta
motivaciaze (msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadeba/ar
gamocxadeba). KkerZod, potenciur SesZleblobaTa aRiareba da aRqmuli
autonomiuroba (damaxasiaTebeli 1 tipis ukukavSirebisaTvis) aZlierebs,
xolo
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
ignorireba
da
autonomiurobis
SezRudulobis aRqma (damaxasiaTebeli 2 ad 3 tipis ukukavSirebisTvis)
aqveiTebs motivacias aqtivobis mimarT.
aris Tu ara kavSiri ukukavSiris miwodebasa da eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
misaRebad
gamocxadebas
Soris,
SevamowmeT
Sesabamisi
korelaciis koeficientebiT. rogorc ukukavSiris tipi, aseve kategoria
da eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadeba saxeldebis skalis
cvladebs warmoadgens, xolo erT-erT cvlads (ukukavSiris tips) aqvs
orze meti kategoria (10), maT Soris kavSiris statistikuri sandoobis
Sesamowmeblad
romlebic
avirCieT
gamoiyeneba
2–ze
Sesabamisi,
2X2-ze
ufro
didi
dafuZnebuli
cxrilebisTvis
testebi,
(Contingency
Coefficient; Cramer's V).
cxrili 35. eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadebasa da
ukukavSiris saxeebs (tips) Soris damokidebuleba
korelaciis koeficientebi
mniSvneloba
sandooba
(value)
(Sig.)
Cramer's V
kontingenciis
koeficienti
Contingency Coefficient
sul c.p.-Ta raodenoba
0,56
0,000
0,48
0,000
173
131
rogorc cxrili 35-dan Cans, arsebobs Zlieri kavSiri ukukavSiris
tipsa
da
gamocxadebas
Soris.
testuri
sidideebi
statistikurad
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda (0,000).
SevamowmeT
axdens
Tu
ara
gavlenas
ukukavSiris
kategoria
ganmeorebiT msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadebaze.
rogorc vxedavT (cxrili 36), jgufebidan, sadac pozitiuri ukukavSiri
iyo manipulirebuli, eqsperimentSi monawileobisTvis ufro meti c.p.-i
gamocxadda,
vidre
miewodebodaT,
jgufebidan,
Tumca
sadac
statistikurad
c.p.-ebs
negatiuri
mniSvnelovani
ukukavSiri
gansxvaveba
ver
miviReT, Sig.=0,248 (ix. cxrili 37). anu ver vityviT rom ukukavSiris
kategoria axdens statistikurad mniSvnelovan gavlenas eqsperimentSi
monawileobisTvis gamocxadebaze.
cxrili 36. savarjiSos SesrulebisTvis gamocxadebulTa procentuli
wilebi ukukavSiris kategoriis mixedviT
jgufebi
gamocxadda
I, II, III (ukukavSiris
kategoria_ pozitiuri)
V, VI, VII (ukukavSiris
kategoria_ negatiuri
ar gamocxadda
%
raodenoba %
raodenoba
49,0%
25
51,0%
26
37,5%
18
62,5%
30
cxrili 37. ukukavSiris kategoriasa da gamocxadebas Soris kavSiris
mniSvnelovnebis Semowmeba Chi-Square Tests
mniSvnel
oba Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Tavisuf
lebis
xarisxi
df
1,336(b)
1,340
1
1
as.
sandooba
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
0,248
0,247
sandooba
sandooba
Exact Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (1sided)
0,311
0,170
SevamowmeT axdens Tu ara ukukavSiris tipi zegavlenas c.p.-Ta
qcevaze anu msgavs eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadebaze.
132
wilebi ukukavSiris tipis mixedviT
jgufebi
I, IV, VII ukukavSiris tipi-1
gamocxadda
%
raodenoba
74,0%
41
ar gamocxadda
%
raodenoba
26,0%
14
II, V, VIII ukukavSiris tipi-2@
32,7%
18
67,3%
37
III, VI, IX ukukavSiris tipi-3
15,7%
9
84,3%
46
cxrili 39. ukukavSiris tipsa da gamocxadebas Soris arsebuli kavSiris
mniSvnelovnebis Semowmeba (Chi-Square Tests)
mniSvneloba
Tavisuflebis
xarisxi
Value
37,625(a)
39,230
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
as. sandooba
df
2
2
0,000
0,000
rogorc cxrili 38-dan vxedavT, ukukavSiris tipi gavlenas axdens
gamocxadebaze.
eqsperimentSi
monawileobisTvis
yvelaze
meti
c.p.-i
gamocxadda jgufebidan, sadac 1 tipis ukukavSiri iyo manipulirebuli
(74%), xolo yvelaze naklebad _ jgufebidan, sadac c.p.-ebs 3 tipis
ukukavSirebi
miewodebodaT
(15%).
amasTan,
maT
Soris
arsebuli
gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSnvelovani aRmoCnda ( cxrili 39.)
CvenTvis saintereso iyo Segvedarebina erTmaneTisTvis 2 da 3 tipis
ukukavSirTa
qcevaze
zegavlena,
risi
saSualebiTac
SesaZlebeli
gaxdeboda am gansxvavebuli tipis ukukavSirebSi individis potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa ignorirebaze implikaciebis siZlieris xarisxis dadgena.
amisaTvis
SevadareT
erTmaneTs
misaRebad gamocxadebul c.p.-Ta
msgavs
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
procentuli wilebi im jgufebisaTvis,
sadac 1 da 2 tipis ukukavSirebis manipulireba xdeboda:
wilebi im jgufebis mixedviT, sadac 2 da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi iyo
gamoyenebuli
ukukavSiris tipi
2 (II, V,
VIII jgufebi)
3 (III, VI, IX jgufebi)
Gamocxadda
ar gamocxadda
%
%
raodenoba
raodenoba
32,7%
18
67,3%
37
15,7%
9
84,3%
46
133
cxrili 41. im jgufebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebis mniSvnelovnebis
Semowmeba Chi-Square Tests), romelTac 2 da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi miiRes
mniSvnel
oba Value
pirsoniPearson ChiSquare
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Tavisuf
lebis
xarisxi
df
as. sandooba
sandooba
sandooba
Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
4,051(b)
1
0,044
4,126
1
0,042
0,045
0,037
rogorc vxedavT ufro naklebi c.p.-ebi gamocxaddnen jgufebidan
(cxrili 40), sadac socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi
iyo manipulirebuli, vidre jgufebidan, sadac c.p.-ebs ganzogadebuli
ukukavSirebi
miwodaT.
amasTan
es
gansxvaveba
aris
statistikurad
mniSvnelovani, Sig.=0,044 (cxrili 41), anu SegviZlia vTqvaT rom 3 tipis
ukukavSiri
ufro
Zlier
ganridebis
reaqcis
iwvevs,
vidre
2
tipis
ramdenad
aris
ukukavSiri.
CvenTvis
SesaZlebeli
saintereso
ukukavSiris
winaswarmetyveleba
eqsperimentSi
binaruli
iyo
Segemowmebina,
tipis
da
Tu
kategoriis
mixedviT
anu Cveni kvlevis konteqstSi ganmeorebiT
monawileobisTvis
logistikuri
gamocxadeba,
regresiis
meTodi
risTvisac
(Binary
qcevis
msgavs
gamoviyeneT
Logistic
Regression).
binaruli logistikuri regresia gamoiTvlis raime movlenis moxdenis
albaTobas
damoukidebeli
cvladebis
mniSvnelobebis
mixedviT.
Cvens
SemTxvevaSi movlenis moxdena niSnavs monawileobisTvis gamocxadebas anu
damokidebuli
cvladia
gamocxadeba/ar
gamocxadeba,
xolo
damoukidebeli cvladi ukukaviSiris tipi da kategoria.
binaruli logistikuri regresiuli analizis meTodis saSualebiT
SevamowmeT, Tu ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli ukukavSiris tipis mixedviT
viwinaswarmetyveloT aqtivobis mimarT motivaciis gaZliereba/daqveiTeba
da,
Sesabamisad,
qceva
(eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
misaRebad
gamocxadeba/ar gamocxadeba). CvenTvis saintereso iyo kerZod ukukavSiris
romeli
aspeqti
zrdis
winaswarmetyvelebis
xarisxs:
pozitiuroba-negatiuroba, Tu ukukavSiris tipi.
qvemoT warmodgenilia regresiuli analizis Sedegebi:
134
ukukavSiris
ukukavSiris
tipis
mixedviT
savarjiSos
ganmeorebiT
SesrulebisaTvis gamocxadebis winaswarmetyvelebis Sesaxeb regresiuli
analizis Sedegebi warmodgenilia cxrilebSi 42-45.
cxrili 42. modelis koeficientebis universaluri testi (Omnibus Tests of
Model Coefficients)
Tavisuflebis
xarisxi df
Chi-square
etapi 1
Step
Block
Model
38,138
38,138
38,138
sandooba
2
2
2
Sig.
0,000
0,000
0,000
cxrili 43. modelis Sejameba (Model Summary )
etapi
albaToba-2 Log
(Step)
1
likelihood
Cox & Snell R
168,435
gansazRvrulobis sazomi
2
Nagelkerke R 2
0,221
0,417
cxrili 44. klasifikaciis cxrili (Classification Table)
Nwinaswarmetyveleba
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
misaRebad
gamocxadeba, n
realuri
Step 1
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis ki
misaRebad gamocxadeba
ara
sul
ki
37
13
ara
25
78
swored
winaswarmetyve
lebis, %
59,7
85,7
75,2
Chi-square, da misi regresiuli modelis miaxloebis xarisxi fasdeba
Sesabamisobis
funqciiT
-2.
gavlenis
cvladis
-
ukukavSiris
tipis
damatebiT -2LL mniSvneloba tolia 168,435 (cxrili 43). es mniSvneloba
38.138-iT ufro mcirea, vidre sawyisi (cxrili 42). am sididis Semcireba
niSnavs modelis aRweris gaumjobesebas.
sxvaoba gamoisaxeba rogorc
sidide Zalzed mniSvnelovania (cxrili 42: Sig.=0,000).
135
(Variables in the Equation)
cxrili 45. cvladebi gantolebaSi
standart
uli
Secdoma
Tavisuf
lebis
xarisxi
sandoob
a
etapi 1 1 tipi/ 2 tipi/3 tipi
1,404
0,256
30,177
1
Sig.
0,000
Step 1
-2,314
0,507
20,821
1
0,000
S.E.
B
mudmiva
(constant)
Wald
df
Exp(B)
4,071
0,099
maCvenebeli – Nagelkerke R2 - warmoadgens gansazRvrulobis sazoms. is
aCvenebs dispersiis im wils, romelic logistikuri regresiis meSveobis
aixsneba.
mocemul
SemTxvevaSi
logistikuri
regresiiT
aRwerili
dispersiis wilia 41,7% (cxrili 43).
klasifikaciis cxrilidan Cans (cxrili 44), rom eqsperimentSi ar
monawileobis winaswarmetyveleba ufro didi albaTobiT SeiZleba vidre
monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadeba anu realurad gamocxadda 62 (37+25)
monawile,
magram
am
modelis
mixedviT
37
iqneboda
swored
nawinaswarmetyvelebi, rac 59%-s warmoadgens. ar gamocxadda 91 da aqedan
78
(85%)
swored
iqneboda
nawinaswarmetyvelebi.
mTlianad
swori
winaswatmetyvelebis wilia 75%, rac sakmaod maRali maCvenebelia, anu
SegviZlia imis Tqma, rom ukukavSiris tipi mniSvnelovnad aumjobesebs
monawileobisTvis gamocxadebis winaswarmetyvelebas.
binaruli logistikuri regresiuli analizis Sedegebis mixedviT
savarjiSos Sesrulebisas miRebul ukukavSirTa tipi mniSvnelovnad (75%)
aumjobesebs
qcevis
winaswarmetyvelebis
xarisxs
(Nagelkerke
R2=0,417;
2=38,138; Sig.=0,000).
Semdeg
etapze
Semowmda
ramdenad
zrdis
ukukavSiris
kategoria
eqsperimentSi monawileobis winaswarmetyvelebas.
qvemoT moyvanilia regresiuli analizis Sedegebi (cxrilebi 46-49).

eqsperimentuli jgufis garda
136
binaruli logistikuri regresiuli analizis Sedegebi – ukukavSiris
kategoriis
mixedviT
savarjiSos
ganmeorebiT
Sesrulebis
winaswarmetyvelebis Sesaxeb warmodgenilia cxrilebSi 46-49.
cxrili 46. modelis koeficientebis universaluri testi (Omnibus Tests of
Model Coefficients)
etapi 1
Step 1
Tavisuflebis
xarisxi df
Step
Chi-square
12,127
1
sandooba
Sig.
0,215
Block
12,127
1
0,215
Model
12,127
1
0,215
cxrili 47. modelis Sejameba (Model Summary)
etapi
(Step)
1
albaToba-2
Log likelihood
134,191
Cox & Snell R
0,013
2
gansazRvrulobis
sazomi (Nagelkerke R 2)
0,03
cxrili 48. klasifikaciis cxrili (Classification Table)
realuri
Step 1
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
misaRebad
gamocxadeba
sul
ki
ara
nawinaswarmetyveleba
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis
misaRebad
gamocxadeba
swored
winaswarmetyvelebis
%
ki
0
Ara
43
0
0
56
100
56,6
137
cxrili 49. cvladebi gantolebaSi (Variables in the Equation)
standar
tuli
Secdoma
1
Step 1
pozitiuroba/neg
atiuroba
mudmiva
Sig.
-0,472
0,409
1,329
1
0,249
0,624
0,511
0,298
2,936
1
0,087
1,667
rogorc
vxedavT
NagelkerkeR2=0,03,
rac
wilia
df
Wald
(constant)
dispersiis
sandooba
S.E.
B
etapi
Tavisu
flebis
xarisxi
(cxrili
niSnavs
mxolod
47)
Exp(B)
gansazRvrulobis
rom
logistikuri
3%.
gavlenis
regresiiT
cvladis
-
sazomi
aRwerili
ukukavSiris
kategoriis damatebiT -2LL mniSvneloba tolia 134,191. es mniSvneloba
12,127-iT ufro mcirea, vidre sawyis (cxrili 46). am sididis Semcireba
niSnavs modelis aRweris gaumjobesebas. sxvaoba gamoisaxeba rogorc Chisquare, da misi sidide ar aris mniSvnelovani (cxrili 46: Sig.=0,215).
amdenad,
cxadia,
rom
ukukavSiris
kategoria
mniSvnelovani faqtori qcevis winaswarmetyvelebisTvis.
138
ar
aRmoCnda
SedarebiTi analizi da daskvnebi
ganzogadebul da situacia-fokusirebul ukukavSirTa zegavlena Mqcevis
adafturi da araadafturi motivaciuri nimuSebis ganviTarebaze
ramdenadac winamdebare kvlevis mizans warmoadgens davadginoT, ra
zegavlenas axdens verbalur socialur ukukavSirTa forma (kerZod,
ganzogadebuli
da
Sefaseba)
individis
mier
sakuTar unarTa Sefasebaze, aqtivobis mimarT individis motivaciaze, mis
mimarT atitudis Camoyalibebis procesze da ramdenad asaxavs igi qcevis
adaftursa
da
mizanSewonilia
araadaftur
miRebuli
nimuSTa
Sedegebis
damaxasiaTebel
Cvens
mier
komponentebs,
wamoyenebuuli
hipoTezebis konteqstSi ganxilva.
ganzogadebuli
da
ukukavSirebis
zegavlena
aqtivobisas siamovnebisa da azartis gancdaze da aqtivobis mimarT
Sinagan motivaciaze (hipoTeza 1 da 2):
Cveni
molodinis
Sesabamisad,
savarjiSos
Sesruleba
naklebad
sasiamovno aRmoCnda im subieqtebisaTvis, visac ganzogadebuli Sefasebis
saxiT formulirebuli ukukavSirebi miewodebodaT im jgufebis c.p.-ebTan
SedarebiT, vinc situacia-fokusirebuli ukukavSiri miiRo (diagrama 8.): I,
IV
da
VII
jgufebSi
c.p.-ebma
sxva
eqsperimentuli
jgufis
warmomadgenebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT ufro pozitiurad Seafases ara
mxolod
savarjiSos
Sesrulebisas
gancdili
siamovneba
da
azarti,
aramed misi konkretuli da zogadi mniSvnelovnebac (cxrili 17). is
faqti, rom sakontrolo jgufSi miRebul SedegTan SedarebiT maRali
pozitiuri emociuri damokidebuleba aRiniSna ara yvela im jgufSi,
sadac
c.p.-ebs
miewodebodaT
ukukavSirebi
(diagrama 12), aramed mxolod I jgufSi, sadac manipulirebuli iyo
pozitiuri situacia-fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi, xolo
ki
yvelaze dabali
– jgufSi, sadac c.p.-ebs awvdidnen ganzogadebuli Sefasebis saxiT
formulirebul negatiur ukukavSirebs (V), SeiZleba aixsnas savarjiSos
139
mimarT emociur da SefasebiT damokidebulebaze ukukavSiris kategoriis
anu pozitiuroba-negatiurobis zegavleniT, romlis
mniSvnelovnebac
agreTve gamovlinda kvlevaSi (diagrama 7; cxrili 16).
subieqtTa Sinagan motivaciaze ukukavSiris tipis zemoqmedebasTan
dakavSirebuli Sedegebic (cxrilebi 34, 35, 38, 39) adasturebs gamoTqmul
molodins
(hipoTezebi
damaqveiTebel
1
Sedegebs
rom
Sinagan
SefasebasTan,
SedarebiTac,
pirobiTi
zemoqmedebis
2),
zemoqmedebas axdens
aqtivobasTan
da
rac
Sesaxeb
_
rogorc
Sefaseba
motivaciaze
ara
mxolod
ukukavSiris
gareSe
aramed
savsebiT
TviTfaseulobis
ganzogadebuli
Seesabameba
gancdis
vnaxeT,
wina
gamomwvevi
ganmeorebiT
kvlevaTa
implicituri
eqsperimentSi
monawileobis misaRebad gamocxadebulTa Soris procentulad sWarbobs
im jgufTa c.p.-bi, romelTac 1 tipis ukukavSiri miewodebodaT (I, IV, VII),
sakontrolo jgufidan c.p-Ta 50% gamocxadda, xolo im jgufebidan,
romelTac 2 da 3 tipis ukukavSirebi miiRes (Sesabamisad, II, V, VIII da III,
VI, IX), eqsperimentSi
monawileobis misaRebad rogorc I, IV, VII, aseve X
jgufTan
gacilebiT
SedarebiT
gansxavebebis,
aseve
naklebi
zogadad,
c.p.
ukukavSiris
gamocxadda.
tipis
miRebuli
zegavlenis
mniSvnelovneba aqtivobis mimarT motivaciaze, kvlevaSi statistikurad
dadasturda (cxrili 39).
binaruli
logistikuri
regresiuli
analizis
Sedegebic
(cxrilebi 42-45), romelTa mixedviTac ukukavSiris tipi mniSvnelovnad
(75%)
aumjobesebs
qcevis
winaswarmetyvelebis
xarisxs,
damatebiT
adasturebs, rom ganzogadebuli Sefaseba iwvevs ganridebis reaqciebs,
rac gamoixateba aqtivobis ganmeorebiT Sesrulebisagan Tavis aridebis
tendenciaSi (ganzogadebuli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi aqtivobisagan Tavis
aridebis
warmatebulad winaswarmetyvelebis albaToba 85%-ia), situacia-
fokusirebuli ki _ miaxlovebis reaqciebs, rac gulisxmobs aqtivobis
ganmeorebiT Sesrulebis tendencias (situacia-fokusirebuli Sefasebis
SemTxvevaSi aqtivobis ganmeorebis
warmatebulad winaswarmetyvelebis
albaToba 59%).
140
socialur
Sedarebaze
fokusirebul
da
ganzogadebul
ukukavSirTa
zegavlenis msgavseba da gansxvavebuli aspeqtebi (hipoTeza 3)
Cveni
varaudis
siamovnebasa
Tanaxmad,
savarjiSos
Sesrulebisas
gancdil
da azarts, aseve mis mniSvnelovnebas TiTqmis Tanabari
Sefaseba misces c.p.-ebma jgufebidan, sadac ganzogadebuli da socialur
Sedarebaze
fokusirebuli
mniSvnelovnad
ukukavSirebi
gansxvavdeboda
im
iyo
jgufebis
manipulirebuli,
c.p.-Ta
rac
Sefasebebisagan,
romelTac situacia-fokusirebul ukukavSirebs awvdidnen (diagrama 14,
cxrili
21).
maCveneblebi
rac
Seexeba
qceviT
im
c.p.-ebTan,
ganzraxvas,
romelTac
Tumca
aRniSnuli
socialur
Sedarebaze
fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi miiRes, gacilebiT ufro dabali iyo, vidre
subieqtebTan, romlebmac situacia-fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi miiRes da
amavedros mniSvnelovnad ar gansxvavdeboda im subieqtTa pasuxebisagan,
romelTac ganzogadebuli Sefasebis saxiT formulirebuli ukukavSirebi
miewodebodaT (cxrili 24), am tendenciebis statistikuri mniSvnelovneba
kvlevaSi ar dadasturda (cxr. 25: Approx. Sig=0,192).
subieqtTa
zegavlenis
motivaciazec
analogiuri,
mniSvnelovnad)
socialur
Sinagan
ufro
Tumca
Zlieri
Sedarebaze
ganzogadebuli
ramdenadme
damaqveiTebeli
fokusirebulma
Sefasebis
(statistikurad
zegavlena
ukukavSirebma:
moaxdina
ganmeorebiT
eqsperimentSi monawileobis misaRebad im jgufebidan, sadac socialur
Sedarebaze
naklebi
fokusirebuli
c.p.-i
ganzogadebuli
ukukavSirebi
gamocxadda,
ukukavSirebi
vidre
iyo
manipulirebuli,
jgufebidan,
miewodebodaT
(cxrili
sadac
40).
ufro
c.p.-ebs
amasTan
es
gansxvaveba statistikurad mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda (cxrili 41, Sig.=0,044),
rac
gvaZlevs
uflebas
vifiqroT,
rom
socilur
Sedarebaze
fokusirebuli Sefaseba (3 tipis ukukavSiri) ufro Zlier ganridebis
reaqcias iwvevs, vidre ganzogadebuli Sefaseba (2 tipis ukukavSiri).
Cveni varaudis Sesabamisad (hipoTeza 3) zemoTaRniSnul mosazrebas
adasturebs agreTve sakuTar unarTa SefasebebSi gamovlenili dacviTi
reaqciebic
im
c.p.-ebTan,
vinc
socialur
Sedarebaze
fokusirebuli
ukukavSirebi miiRo: subieqtebis mier sakuTar unarTa Sefaseba daqveiTda,
141
rogorc
negatiuri,
SemTxvevaSic
(diagrama
aseve
pozitiuri
4)
miuxedavad
da
ukukavSirebis
imisa,
rom
miwodebis
es
tendencia
mniSvnelovani mxolod pozitiuri ukukavSirebisTvis aRmoCnda (cxrili
11), swored es Sedegi miuTiTebs Sesabamisi Sefasebebis dacviT xasiaTze.
kerZod, TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis realuri xarisxis Sefasebis saSualo
maCveneblis Semcireba negatiuri ukukavSiris miRebis pirobebSi, cxadia,
gacilebiT logikuria (Sesabamis maCvenebelTa daqveiTeba aRiniSna IV, V
da VI jgufebSi, sadac c.p.-ebs miewodebodaT 1, 2 da 3 tipis negatiuri
ukukavSirebi),
romlis
vidre
wevrebmac
gamoavlines
pozitiuri
pozitiuri
mniSvnelovani
Sefasebis
dros
ukukavSirebis
daqveiTeba
(erTaderTi
miwodebis
sakuTar
unarTa
jgufi,
pirobebSi
SefasebebSi,
aRmoCnda III jgufi, sadac c.p.-ebi socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebul
ukukavSirebs iRebdnen).
implicituri
zegavlenis
TaviseburebaTa
asaxva
individis
TviT-
kogniciebSi, qcevasa da atitudur aspeqtebze (hipoTeza 4)
rogorc velodiT, ukukavSiris tipis (ganzogadebuli, socialur
Sedarebasa
da
situaciaze
fokusirebuli
ukukavSirebi)
zegavlena
gacilebiT mkveTrad aisaxa individis qcevaze, vidre aqtivobis mimarT
verbalurad gamoxatul atitudsa da subieqtebis mier sakuTari unarebis
Sefasebaze. kerZod aRmoCnda, rom ukukavSiris tipis gaTvaliswinebiT
qcevis
winaswarmetyvelebis
umjobesdeba
(cxrili
xarisxi
75%-iT
NagelkerkeR2=0,417;
44,
anu
2=38,138;
mniSvnelovnad
Sig.=0,000),
rac
niSnavs, rom ukukavSiris tipis mixedviT SesaZlebelia qcevis gansazRvra.
Ggarda
amisa,
swored
fokusirebul
zemoqmedeba
da
gamovlinda
ganzogadebul
avresiuli
TvalsazrisiT:
qcevaSi
qcevis
ganmeorebiT
socialur
ukukavSirTa
gansxvavebuli
eqsperimentSi
Sedarebaze
diferencirebuli
xarisxiT
gamowvevis
monawileobis
misaRebad,
rogorc vnaxeT (cxrili 40), gacilebiT naklebi c.p.-i gamocxadda im
jgufebidan, sadac socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebuli ukukavSirebi iyo
manipulirebuli,
ukukavSirebi
vidre
jgufebidan,
miwodebodaT.
amasTan
142
sadac
es
c.p.-ebs
ganzogadebuli
gansxvaveba
statistikurad
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda (cxrili 41, Sig.=0,044), rac gvaZlevs safuZvels
vifiqroT, rom socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebuli Sefaseba (3 tipis
ukukavSiri)
ganridebis
ufro
potenciur
SesaZleblobaTa
Zlier
reaqcias
ignorirebis
iwvevs,
Sesabamisad
implikaciasac,
vidre
ganzogadebuli Sefaseba (2 tipis ukukavSiri).
rac
Seexeba
aqtivobis mimarT
kvlevaSi
aSkarad
gacilebiT
Zlieri
verbalurad
gamovlinda
zegavlena
gamoxatul
atituds,
aqtivobis
mimarT
Sefasebis
pozitiuri
atitudis
Camoyalibebaze ganzogadebulsa da socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebul
SefasebasTan SedarebiT (diagrama 8, cxrili 17), magram, rogorc vnaxeT,
ganzogadebulsa da socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebul ukukavSirebs
Soris
ar
gamovlinda
gansxvaveba
zegavlenis
intensivobaSi.
amasTan,
ukukavSiris tipis zegavlena qceviT ganzraxvaze saerTod umniSvnelo
aRmoCnda (cxrili 25; Approx. Sig=0,192).
Sefasebis
tipis
qcevaze
zegavlenasTan
SedarebiT
naklebad
SesamCnevi iyo agreTve ukukavSiris tipis zemoqmedeba subieqtebis mier
sakuTar TvisebaTa Sefasebaze. kerZod, mxolod socialuri Sedarebis
negatiuri
implicituri
zegavlena
gamovlinda
kvlevaSi
ramdenadme
srulad (diagrama 4, cxrili 3, F>1, Sig.=0,052) _ TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis
realuri xarisxis Sefasebis saSualo maCvenebeli Semcirda, rogorc
pozitiuri,
aseve
negatiuri
ukukavSirebis
miwodebis
mniSvnelovani
aRmoCnda
socialur
Semdeg.
Sedarebaze
amavedros,
sakontrolo
fokusirebuli
aRniSnuli
jgufis
maRali
Sedegebi
maCveneblis
gaTvaliswinebiTac (cxrili 8, Sig=0,02, Sig=0,01). rac Seexeba situaciafokusirebulsa
ukukavSirebi),
negatiuri
ganzogadebul
ukukavSirebs
maTi
gansxvavebuli
zegavlena
ukukavSirebis
zemoTaRniSnul
pirobiTi
da
sxva
manipulirebis
SedegebTan
TviTfaseulobis
gancdasTan
da
2
gamovlinda
SemTxvevaSi
erTad
(1
adasturebs
(cxrili
tipis
mxolod
5),
rac
mosazrebas,
rom
dakavSirebuli
cvlilebebi
myisierad naklebad vlindeba da Tavs safrTxis Semcveli situaciis
moaxloebisas iCens _ am mosazrebas adasturebs is garemoebac, rom
savarjiSos
Sesrulebis
Semdeg
msgavs
eqsperimentSi
ganmeorebiT
monawileobis miRebis qceviTi ganzraxva gamoavlina c.p.-Ta umravlesobam
143
ukukavSiris tipis miuxedavad (cxrili 24-25), realurad ki gamocxaddnen
ZiriTadad
im
jgufebis
c.p.-ebi,
romelTac
ukukavSirebi miiRes (cxrili 34-35).
ganzogadebul
da
ukukavSirTa
gansxvavebuli
zemoqmedeba subieqtTa TviT-kogniciebze (hipoTeza 5).
subieqtTa
mier
sakuTari
Tvisebebis/unarebis
Sefasebaze
ganzogadebuli da situacia-fokusirebuli ukukavSirebis (sakontrolo
jgufTan
SedarebiT)
Sesabamisad,
gansxvavebuli
gamovlinda
mxolod
zemoqmedeba,
negatiuri
Cveni
molodinis
Sefasebis
pirobebSi:
ganzogadebuli ukukavSirebis miwodebam gamoiwvia sakuTari Tvisebebis
Sefasebis
mniSvnelovani
daqveiTeba
c.p.-ebSi
(cxrili
5,
Sig=0,01),
analogiuri (anu damaqveiTebeli) zemoqmedeba moaxdina subieqtebis mier
sakuTar
TvisebaTa
fokusirebulma
Sefasebaze
ukukavSirebmac
agreTve
socialur
(cxrili
Sedarebaze
Sig=0,03),
5,
situacia-
fokusirebuli ukukavSirebis zegavlena ki umniSvnelo aRmoCnda (cxrili
5,
Sig=0,64),
rac
gamowvevasTan
warmoadgens
asocirebul
pirobiTi
TviTfaseulobis
maxasiaTebelTa
manipulirebis
gancdis
Sedegebis
gameorebas warumateblobis pirobebSi (Sanki 1983:848-856; miuleri... 1998:3352)
da,
amdenad,
adasturebs
Tavdapirvel
molodins
(hipoTeza
5).
pozitiuri Sefasebis pirobebSi aRniSnul ukukavSirTa manipulirebis
Sedegad gamovlenili umniSvnelo gansxvavebebi, Tavismxriv, adasturebs
igive
kvlevebSi
asocirebul
pirobiTi
TviTfaseulobis
maxasiaTebelTa
manipulirebis
gancdis
Sedegebs
gamowvevasTan
warmatebis
pirobebSi _ kvlevam aCvena, rom, rogorc situacia-fokusirebuli, aseve
ganzogadebuli
ukukavSirebis
Mmiwodebam
c.p.-ebSi
gamoiwvia
sakuTar
TvisebaTa Sefasebis zrdis tendencia (cxrili 5), magram aRniSnuli
maCveneblebi
umniSvnelod
gansxvdeboda
erTmaneTisagan
(cxrili
6,
Sig=0,2), agreTve sakontrolo jgufis maCveneblisaganac (cxrili 8). rac
Seexeba
socialur
manipulirebis
Sedarebaze
gansxvavebul
fokusirebul
Sedegs
(cxrili
pozitiur
5),
ukukavSirTa
zemoTaRniSnuli
varaudis Tanaxmad (winamdebare naSromi: 143), igi (anu sakuTar TvisebaTa
144
Sefasebis mniSvnelovani daqveiTebis tendencia) socialur SedarebaSi
individis
potenciuri
SesaZleblobebisa
da
autonomiurobis
SezRudulobis Zlieri implikaciiT aixsneba da amdenad, marTebulia
misTvis dacviTi reaqciis kvalifikaciis miniWeba.
amrigad,
SeiZleba
wamoyenebul
iTqvas,
hipoTezebs,
ganzogadebuloba
_
rom
da,
aRniSnuli
Sesabamisad,
Sedegebi
ZiriTad
situacia-fokusirebuloba,
adasturebs
mosazrebas,
rogorc
rom
ukukavSiris
SedarebiT farTo kategoriis maxasiaTebeli, asaxavs TviTfaseulobis
gancdisa
da
Sinagani
kontrolis
aRqmasTan
asocirebul
ZiriTad
kognitur da motivaciur cvlilebebs, qcevis adafturi da araadafturi
nimuSis saxiT gamovlenils ukukavSiris sxva kategoriis maxasiaTebelTa
implicitur
zemoqmedebasTan
uzrunvelyofs
Sefasebis
dakavSirebul
gacilebiT
kvlevebSi
srulyofil
da
amavedros
(qcevis
Sedegis,
pirovnuli Taviseburebis, Tvisebis da a.S. Sefaseba) SesaZleblobebs.
Sesabamisad,
dasturdeba,
implikaciis
SenarCuneba
(ukukavSiris
Sinaarsis
Tavidan
arideba)
rom
verbaluri
SesaZlebelia
unarze/Tvisebaze
gaTvaliswinebis
Sefasebis
zogierTi
da
im
Sedegze
gareSec,
pozitiuri
moTxovnis
fokusirebis
romlebic
dRemde
mniSvnelovnad iTvleboda.
Cveni
iZleva
da
mosazrebiT,
amdenad
saintereso
aRsaniSnavia
daskvnebis
winamdebare
gamotanis
kvlevis
saSualebas
zogierTi
sxva
Sedegic. AkerZod, sagulisxmoa Semdegi garemoebebi:
1.
aqtivobis
Semdeg
gamovlinda
sakontrolo
sakuTari
jgufis
unarebis
c.p.-ebSi,
Sefasebis
rogorc
zrdis
vnaxeT,
mniSvnelovani
tendencia (cxrili 5, Sig=0,05), maRali Sefaseba misces am jgufis c.p.ebma agreTve Tavad aqtivobas da aqtivobisas aRqmul siamovnebas da
azarts
(diagrama
12),
magram
amavedros
ar
gamoavlines
Zlieri
daintereseba, sakmarisi motivacia Sesrulebuli aqtivobis mimarT
(cxrili 34), rac gvaZlevs uflebas vifiqroT, rom adamianisTvis
zomierad
sasiamovno
aqtivobis
145
Sesruleba,
TavisTavad,
damajildovebel
zemoqmedebas
axdens
individze,
zrdis
mis
warmodgenas sakuTar SesaZleblobebze da TviT aqtivobaze, magram am
qcevis ganmeorebisaTvis motivaciis aRsaZravad adamianisaTvis mainc
mniSvnelovania garedan miRebuli Sefaseba, romelic impliciturad
misi
pirovnebis,
rogorc
faseulobis,
upirobobaze
mianiSnebs
(cxadia, es mosazreba vrceldeba mxolod sxva adamianis mxridan
SemoTavazebul aqtivobebze).
2. socialur Sedarebaze fokusirebul ukukavSirTa gamoyenebis Sedegad
dadasturda,
rom
pirovnebis
garkveul
kognitur
da
qceviT
aspeqtebze ganzogadebuli Sefaseba socialur Sedarebis analogiur
negatiur zegavlenas axdens (Tumca, potenciuri SesaZleblobebisa
da autonomiis SezRudulobis ramdenadme ufro Zlieri implikaciis
gamo,
dacviTi
kvlevis
Sedegebma
gansakuTrebiT
sakuTar
xasiaTis
cvlilebebsac
erTgvarad
damangrevel
SesaZleblobaTa
xazi
iwvevs),
gausva
zemoqmedebas.
Sefasebis
magram
am
tipis
kerZod,
(rogorc
amasTan,
Sefasebis
aRmoCnda,
pozitiuri,
negatiuri ukukavSirebis miwodebis SemTxvevaSi) daqveiTebisa
aqtivobisagan
Tavis
Sedarebaze
aridebis
fokusirebuli
mniSvnelovnebis
savaraudod,
Sefasebis
kidev
ufro
reaqciasTan
Sefaseba
zrdas
Tavad
iwvevs
daamZimebs
erTad
am
(diagrama
individis
rom
aseve
da
socialur
aqtivobis
12),
rac,
daTrgunulobas
(rogorc vnaxeT, subieqtebma IX jgufidan, romelTac miewodebodaT
socialur
Sedarebaze
ukukavSirebi,
fokusireuli
sakontrolo
jgufTan
Sereuli
SedarebiT
kategoriis
mniSvnelovnad
pozitiurad Seafases savarjiSo. kerZod, maRali Sefaseba misces
misi,
rogorc
meTodis
zogad
mniSvnelovnebas,
rac
savarjiSos
mTlianad Sefasebazec aisaxa. sakuTari SesaZleblobebis Sefasebis
daqveiTebis tendencia ki Sesrulebuli aqtivobis mniSvnelovnebis
zrdis fonze, bunebrivia, xels ar unda uwyobdes qcevis adafturi
nimuSis ganviTarebas).
3. kvlevis zogierTi Sedegi exeba TvisebaTa gamoxatulebis c.p.-TaTvis
sasurvel xarisxs anu maT warmodgenas imaze, Tu ramdenad surT
axasiaTebdeT esa Tu is Tviseba. am sakiTxis garkvevisas Cven miznad
146
davisaxeT dagvedgina, vrceldeba Tu ara socialur ukukavSirTa
implicituri zegavlena individis warmodgenaze sakuTari Tvisebebis
gamoxatvis
Sesaxeb.
misTvis
rogorc
idealuri
idealuri
(anu
yvelaze
aRmoCnda (cxrili
(sasurveli)
4)
sasurveli)
eqsperimentamde
gamoxatulebis
xarisxis
TvisebaTa
xarisxis
saSualo
maCveneblebis mixedviT eqsperimentuli jgufebi ar gansxvavebodnen
(F <1, Sig.=0,675),
erTmaneTisgan
Sefasebebs
Soris
arsebuli
eqsperimentis
sxvaoba
Semdeg
ki
statistikurad
saSualo
umniSvnelo
aRmoCnda (F >1, Sig.=0,069). miRebuli Sedegi erTgvarad adasturebs k.
rojersis kvlevis sakmaod saintereso Sedegebs
„me-idealurisa“ da
„me-realuris“ urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb (rojersi 1998:292). kerZod,
e.w. "Q meTodikis" gamoyenebiT (rojersi 1998:287) man aRmoaCina, rom
adamianis warmodgena sakuTar idealur "me"-ze ("me-idealuri") ufro
stabiluria, vidre misi warmodgena sakuTar Tavze sinamdvileSi ("merealuri").
rogorc
(fsiqoTerapiis
rojersi
dros
da
aRniSnavs,
garkveuli
kvlevis
periodis
mimdinareobisas
ganmavlobaSi
mis
Semdeg) klientis warmodgena iseT adamianze, rogoric mas surs
Tavad gaxdes, TiTqmis ar icvleboda, rac misTvis moulodneli
aRmoCnda. igi eloda, rom klientTa "idealuri-me" da "realuri-me"
ufro
urTierTSesabamisi
nawilobriv
sakuTari
daqveiTebis
anu
garkveulwilad
("realuri-me"-s
warmodgenaTa
gaxdeboda
Tavis
fsiqoTerapiis
mimarT
"idealuri-me"-s
ki
sakuTar
Sefasebis
Tavze
zrda).
daaxloveba
klientis
Sefasebis
ZiriTadad
pretenziebis
daqveiTebis,
warmodgenis
sinamdvileSi
procesSi,
amaRlebis
aRmoCnda,
mxolod
gamo
rom
"realuri
am
me"-s
Secvlis xarjze xdeba.
4. jgufebSi, sadac pozitiuri da negatiuri ukukavSirebi monacvleobiT
miewodebodaT
cvlilebebi
c.p.-bs
c.p.-Ta
(VII,
mier
VIII,
sakuTar
IX
jgufebi),
TvisebaTa
mniSvnelovani
SefasebebSi
ar
gamovlinda arc eqsperimentamde da eqsperimentis Semdeg c.p.-Ta mier
sakuTar TvisebaTa Sefasebis saSualoTa Sedarebis Sedegad (cxrili
5) da arc sakontrlo jgufSi momxdar cvlilebasTan SedarebiT
(cxrili
8),
rac,
erTimxriv,
SesaZloa
147
Sefasebis
gasaSualoebis
pricipiT aixsnas. kerZod, rogorc aRmoCnda (diagrama #6), c.p.-ebis
mier
im 4 Tvisebis (1, 3, 5 da 7 Tvisebebi) Sefaseba, romlebTan
dakavSirebiTac maT pozitiuri ukukavSirebi miiRes, eqsperimentis
Semdeg gaizarda, xolo danarCeni 4 Tvisebis mimarT (2, 4, 6, da 8
Tvisebebi), romlebTan dakavSirebiTac maT negatiuri ukukavSirebi
miiRes,
imisa,
gamovlinda
rom
Sefasebis
aRniSnuli
mniSvnelovani
ar
daqveiTebis
cvlilebebi,
aRmoCnda
tendencia.
TavisTavad,
(cxrili
9,
miuxedavad
statistikurad
Sig=0.182;
Sig=0.900),
es
tendencia saSualebas iZleva vivaraudoT, rom Sefasebebis gazrdisa
da daqveiTebis tendenciaTa Tanabrad gadanawilebis faqtors SeeZlo
(gasaSualoebis
proncipiT)
gamoewvia
mxolod
umniSvnelo
cvlilebebi Sesabamis jgufebSi. meoremxriv, unda aRiniSnos, rom
amgvari axsna, iTvaliswinebs ukukavSiris kategoriis (pozitiurobanegatiurobis)
zemoqmedebis
mniSvnelovnebas,
rac
ar
SeiZleba
CaiTvalos relevantur argumentad aqtivobis mimarT arasakmarisi
motivaciis aRZvris
negatiuri
axsnisaTvis (rogorc aRmoCnda, pozitiuri da
ukukavSirebis
monacvleobiT
miwodebam
ar
gamoiwvia
aqtivobis mimarT motivaciis zrda, magram gasaSualoebis proncipiT
es
Sedegi
mixedviT
ar
SeiZleba
motivaciis
aixsnas,
aRZvris
radganac
mimarT
kvlevis
TviTon
es
monacemebis
cvladi
anu
ukukavSiris kategoria ar aRmoCnda mniSvnelovani (cxrilebi 36-37).
Sesabamisad, igi ver gansazRvravda aRniSnul Sedegs.
es
ukanaskneli
ukukavSirTa
garkveuli
garemoeba
monacvleobiT
TaviseburebiT
SesaZloa
miwodebis
iyos
pozitiur
manerisaTvis
gamowveuli,
rac
da
negatiur
damaxasiaTebeli
sxva
saintereso
sakiTxebTan erTad momavalSi am mimarTulebiT kvlevebis safuZvelic
SeiZleba gaxdes.
148
danarTi #1
gTavazobT erTgvar savarjiSos, romelic Seqmnilia rogorc damxmare
saSualeba damwyebi biznesmenebisaTvis. misi mizania xeli Seuwyos
axalgazrda biznesmenebs maTTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebasa
da daxvewaSi. savarjiSos qmediToba (vargisianoba) am etapze
dadgenili ar aris. amdenad, gTxovT SeasruloT savarjiSo da
SeafasoT misi efeqturoba (vargisianoba) mokle kiTxvaris saSualebiT,
romelsac savarjiSos Sesrulebis Semdeg warmogidgenT. Tqveni
Sefaseba mniSvnelovnad dagvexmareba savarjiSos qmediTobis
(vargisianobis) dadgenaSi.
radganac savarjiSos SemuSavebis procesi jer dasrulebuli ar aris,
mocemul etapze SeuZlebelia imis Sefaseba, rogor iqna Sesrulebuli
savarjiSo Tqvens mier, risTvisac bodiSs gixdiT.
instruqcia
1
instruqcia savarjiSosaTvis:
ekranze mocemuli iqneba sxvadasxva situaciebi romelTa Seqmnac metnaklebad mosalodnelia mcire biznesis warmoebisas (marTvisas).
gaecaniT situacias xolo Semdeg airCieT misi gadawyvetis erT-erTi,
TqvenTvis ufro misaRebi gza.
zogierTi situacia atarebs mxolod informaciul xasiaTs da
Sesabamisad ar axlavs gamosavali, Tqven ubralod waikiTxavT aseT
situacias da gadaxvalT Semdegze.
dawyeba
149
1. situacia:
Tqven gadawyviteT kerZo biznesis dawyeba. banki
iZleva TqvenTvis saWiro Tanxas sesxad, magram
aRmoCnda, rom procenti gacilebiT ufro maRalia,
vidre Tqven elodiT.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT iseTi partnioris moZebna,
romelic biznesis dasawyebad saWiro Tanxis
naxevars gaiRebs.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT aiRoT sesxi, radgan
imedi gaqvT, rom saqmianoba warmatebuli
iqneba, procentis dafarvas ki Tavadac
moaxerxebT.
2. situacia:
biznesis dasawyebad mosamzadebeli periodi
gauTvaliswinebel garemoebaTa gamo gaWianurda.
procentis gadaxdis TariRi ki axlovdeba.
150
3. situacia:
Tqveni megobari mzadaa SemogierTdeT da,
Sesabamisad, gaiRos saWiro Tanxis naxevari.
amoirCieT restornis tipi :
svla 1
”fast fud” restorani.
svla 2 bistro
4. situacia:
Tqven mzad xarT restornis gasaxsnelad, magram jer
aravin icis amis Sesaxeb. Tqven gWirdebaT reklama,
Tqveni biujeti ki SezRudulia. Aamdenad, fuli
ekonomiurad unda daxarjoT.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT ganaTavsoT tradiciuli
reklama adgilobriv presaSi. Mmas bevri
mkiTxveli hyavs. ase, rom gancxadebas yvela
gaecnoba.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT yuradRebis misapyrobad
moifiqroT raime originaluri. magaliTad,
SeqmnaT sasacilo “stafilos” an
“hamburgeris” kostumi, mTeli qalaqi
SemoiaroT da ase gamowyobilma daarigoT
gancxadebebi restornis gaxsnis Sesaxeb.
151
Tqven intuiciam (alRom)
gagimarTlaT.
gagrZeleba
5. situacia:
Tqveni restornis Sesaxeb yvelam Seityo, magram maT
ar ician, ra siaxles sTavazobs restorani
momxmarebels. amitom amjobineben miakiTxon ukve
nacnob, Cveul adgilebs.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT TviToeul SekveTaSi
SeitanoT ufasod ualkoholo sasmeli an
wveni, romlis Sesyidvac nacnobma
SemogTavazaT TqvenTvis xelsayrel fasad.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT fasdaklebis strategiis
gamoyeneba konkurentebze upiratesobis
mosapoveblad.
152
Tqven CaswvdiT momxmarebelTa
WeSmarit survils
gagrZeleba
6. situacia:
Tqveni restornis sazeimo gaxsnas ramodenime
cnobili biznesmeni daeswro. maT moewonaT
restorani da gTxoves SuadRis saaTebSic ganagrZoT
muSaoba (1-dan 3 saaTamde).
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT gaauqmoT Sesvenebis
saaTebi. es moiTxovs axali personalis
daqiravebas, samagierod Tqven gagiCndaT
mdidari klientebis mozidvis SesaZlebloba.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT ar gaauqmoT Sesvenebis
saaTebi. axali personalis daqiraveba
mniSvnelovan xarjebTanaa kavSirebuli,
mdidari klientebis SeZena ki
garantirebuli ara gaqvT.
153
Tqven realobis gancdam
gagimarTlaT (adeqvaturad
SeafaseT realuri situacia)
gagrZeleba
7. situacia:
restoranma bevri klienti SeiZina. STabeWdilebis
gasaZliereblad Tqven gamofineT ramodenime
cnobili pirovnebis fotosuraTi (avtografiT).
Kklientebi kiTxuloben odesme namdvilad Tu
usadiliaT maT aq.
svla 1
STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad Tqven
gadawyviteT icruoT da uTxraT
momxmareblebs, rom am cnobil pirovnebebs
marTlac“gauwieT maspinZloba” Tqvens
restoranSi.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT aRiaroT, rom
momxmareblebze STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad
gamofineT es fotosuraTebi.
154
Tqven moaxerxeT STabeWdilebis
moxdena Tqvens klientebze da
maTi ndoba SeinarCuneT
gagrZeleba
8. situacia:
Tqven sakmaod bevri klienti gyavT. restorani
popularuli gaxda. adgilobrivi firmebis
warmomadgenlebi Tqvens restoranSi regularulad
ucxoel klientebTan mniSvnelovan Sexvedrebs
awyoben da maTze STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad
saukeTeso sadilsa da sasmelebs ukveTaven. Tqven
mogecaT fasebis awevisa da ZviradRirebuli kerZebis
momzadebis SesaZlebloba.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT SeqmnaT axali da
SedarebiT ZviradRirebuli meniu.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT aranairi cvlilebebi ar
SeitanoT meniuSi, raTa ar dakargoT sxva
(arabiznesmeni) klientebi, romlebic yovelTvis
sargeblobdnen Tqveni momsaxureobiT.
155
9. situacia:
adgilobrivi biznesmenebi gTxoven misceT magidis
winaswari SekveTis ufleba. MmaTTvis aucilebelia
mniSvnelovani Sexvedrebis winaswari dagegmva da
garantirebuli Tavisufali adgili.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT misceT maT magidis
winaswari SekveTis ufleba. bolos da
bolos, isini xom saukeTeso klientebi
arian.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT uari uTxraT maT am
Txovnaze, radgan ar gsurT gamonaklisis
daSveba garkveuli, Tundac saukeTeso
klientebisaTvis.
10. situacia:
qveyanaSi droebiTi ekonomikuri krizisi Seiqmna.
garkveul cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT Tqveni
regularuli klientebis interesebSi aRar Sedis
Tqveni restorniT sargebloba.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT sxva adgilobriv
firmebTan dakavSireba da maTTvis
gansazRvruli pirobebis, privilegiebis
SeTavazeba.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT mkveTrad daswioT fasebi
da amgvarad moizidoT momxmarebeli.
156
Tqven saRad, moqnilad
iazrovneT da praqtikuli
gadawyvetileba miiReT.
gagrZeleba
11. situacia:
qveyanaSi gatarda mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri
reformebi, romlebic biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis
sasikeTo aRmoCnda. Tqven axla Zveleburad bevri
klienti gyavT, magram dRis garkveul saaTebSi
restoranTan momxmarebelTa rigi dgeba.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT restornis gafarToeba.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT dRis garkveul saaTebSi
(roca restoranTan rigi iqmneba)
SesTavazoT klientebs Sveduri magida.
157
Tqven saTanadod izruneT Tqveni
SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad
realizaciisaTvis, gamoiCineT
swrafva winsvlisa da
ganviTarebisaken.
gagrZeleba
12. situacia:
Tqveni Semosavali saSualebas iZleva SesTavazoT
klientebs raime gasarTobi programa.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT Tqveni arCevani daxvewil
klasikur musikaze SeaCeroT.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT moiwvioT mocekvave
gogonaTa jgufi. fiqrobT, rom es
moizidavs momxmarebels.
158
Tqven originalurad iazrovneT
da SemoqmedebiTad gadawyviteT
problema
gagrZeleba
13. situacia:
Tqveni Semosavali savsebiT damakmayofilebelia.
magram Semdgomi Gwarmatebis Sansi gacilebiT
damajerebeli iqneba, Tuki investorebs moZebniT da
restoranTa qsels SeqmniT.
svla 1
Tqven gadawyviteT moZebnoT investorebi da
ramodenime msgavsi restorani kidev gaxsnaT.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT dasjerdeT miRweuls.
SesaZloa, Zalian ar gamdidrdeT, magram
Tqveni mdgomareoba stabiluri iqneba.
159
14. situacia:
Tqven moulodneli garemoebebi SegeqmnaT, romelTac
garkveuli sirTuleebi gamoiwvies. Tqven fiqrobT,
rom restoranTa mTeli qselis amuSaveba
mniSvnelovnad dagexmarebaT axal problemaTa
gadaWraSi.Aamdenad, droa sxva investorebi moZebnoT
da gaiadviloT saqme.
15. situacia:
Tqven moZebneT investorebi da axla restornebis
mTeli qseli gaqvT. axal partniorebTan warmatebiT
TanamSromlobT,Mmagram isini moiTxoven garkveuli
cvlilebebis Setanas saqmianobaSi mogebis gasazrdelad.
Tqven fiqrobT, rom maT mier SemoTavazebuli
strategia mcdaria.
svla 1
axal investorebTan saqmiani urTierToba Tqveni
biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis amJamad sasargebloa.
Tqven garkveulwilad damokidebuli xarT maTze.
amdenad, Tqven gadawyviteT daakmayofiloT
partniorebis moTxovna.
svla 2 Tqven gadawyviteT ar daTanxmdeT miuRebeli da
gaumarTlebeli cvlilebebis ganxorcielebaze.
Tqven dabejiTebiT moqmedebT dasaxuli gegmis
mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa, rom SesaZloa amiT
gaanawyenoT axali partniorebi.
160
Tqven mizandasaxulad imoqmedeT
da gadawyvetileba ZiriTadi
miznis Sesabamisad miiReT.
gagrZeleba
Tqven daasruleT amocana.
gamosvla
161
danarTi #2
TvisebaTa (RirebulebaTa) nusxa
1.
intuicia
2.
azrovnebis originaloba, SemoqmedebiToba
3.
konfliqturi
situaciis
pozitiurad
gadawyvetis
unari
_
konfliqturi situaciidan iseTi gamosavlis Zebna, romelic, rogorc
sakuTari Tavis, aseve sxva adamianebisaTvisac sasargebloa (pozitiuria)
4.
damTmobloba
_
sxva
adamianTa
interesebis
gaTvaliswineba,
gonivrul kompromisze wasvlis unari
5.
usafrTxoeba
6.
diplomatiuroba
_
adamianebTan
urTierTobis
ukonfliqtod
damyareba
7.
mizandasaxuloba _ miznis miRwevisaTvis dabrkolebebis gabedulad
daZleva
8.
sxva adamianTa SesaZleblobebis aRiareba (Sefaseba, danaxva)
9.
fleqsiuroba
moxerxebulad,
(
-
rigiduloba)
axleburad
reagireba,
_
moulodnel
sakuTari
garemoebaze
poziciis,
qcevis
saWiroebisamebr Secvla
10.
keTilsindisiereba
11.
sxva adamianTa WeSmariti survilebisa da moTxovnilebebis aRqma
(gamocnoba)
12.
13.
gulwrfeloba, uSualoba
sxva adamianTa Rirsebebis pativiscema, dafaseba
162
14.
TanamSromloba _ sxva adamianebTan TanamSromlobis survili
15.
gulisxmiereba _sxva adamianebze zrunva
16.
realobis gancda _ reluri situaciis aRqma, zustad Sefaseba
17.
racionaluri, konstruqciuli azrovneba
(- sijiute) _ sakuTari
Secdomebis saRad, miukerZoeblad Sefaseba da aRiareba, sxva adamianis
mxridan SemoTavazebuli konstruqciuli rCevis miRebis unari
18.
autonomiuroba,
damoukidebloba
(
-
konformuloba)
_
damoukideblad gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da moqmedebis unari
19.
Tanamimdevruloba _ situaciis, garemoebis Sesabamisad moqmedebis
unari
20.
azrovnebis moqniloba, praqtikuli azrovneba _ martivi da advilad
mosaxerxebeli gamosavlis moZebna rTul situaciaSi
21.
gambedaoba _ riskis gawevis unari
22.
emociurad gawonasworebuloba
23.
Tavdajerebuloba _ sakuTari Tavis (mosazrebebis, ideebis) mimarT
ndoba)
24.
dakvirvebuloba, yuradRebianoba
(daudevroba) _ sakiTxis mTavari
aspeqtis moZebna, yuradRebis mniSvnelovan problemaze gamaxvileba
25.
adamianebze
sasurveli
STabeWdilebis
moxdenis,
maTi
ndobis
mopovebis unari
26.
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad realizaciisaken swrafva
163
danarTi #3
kvlevis
mizania
atitudis
formirebaze
ukukavSirTa
zegavlenis
Seswavla. gTavazobT Cvens mier Sedgenil 156 ukukavSirs, romlebic
warmodgenilia
52
variantad.
TviToeul
variantSi
mocemulia
sami
Sinaarsobrivad erTnairi, magram formiT gansxvavebuli ukukavSiri.
gTavazobT
(gansazRvrebas
ukukavSiris
bernis
TviToeuli
transaqciuli
analizis
formis
aRweras
mixedviT).
gTxovT
SeafasoT variantebis saxiT warmodgenili ukukavSirebi da daadasturoT
maTi Sesabamisoba mocemul gansazRvrebebTan.
1 _ "Sexeba" (stroke - igulisxmeba e.w. “pirobiTi Sexeba” e. bernis
transaqciuli analizis mixedviT) _ warmoadgens ukukavSirs, romelic
Seicavs
adamianis
(Tvisebis)
konkretuli
erTjerad,
alternatiuli
qcevisa
gamovlinebis
qcevisa
subieqtur
da
situaciaSi
pirovnuli
Sefasebas
gansxvavebuli
SesaZleblobas.
“sapasuxismgeblo
Tu
an
da
ar
gamoricxavs
sapirispiro
magaliTad,
Tqven
gamovlinebis
pirovnuli
pozitiuri
gabedulad
Sexeba:
imoqmedeT”
qcevis
erTjeradi aqtis Sefasebaa, romelic uSvebs igive pirovnebis sxvagvarad
(gaubedavad,
mxdalad,
frTxilad
da
a.S.)
moqmedebis
SesaZleblobas
momavalSi. anu es ukukavSiri ar gulisxmobs, rom konkretul situaciaSi
gabedulad moqmedeba mocemuli pirovnebis Cveva, Tviseba da a. S. raime
imanenturi,
misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli
qcevis
paternia,
yovelTvis an msgavs situaciebSi imeorebs. aseve,
romelsac
igi
negatiuri Sexeba:
“Tqven jiutad daicaviT Tqveni pozicia, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi mcdari
aRmoCnda” warmoadgens erT konkretul situaciaSi pirovnebis moqmedebis
subieqtur Sefasebas
(“jiutad daicaviT”) da sulac ar gamoricxavs
SesaZleblobas, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi mocemuli pirovneba
sxvagvarad
moiqces (magaliTad daTmos mcdari pozicia racionaluri mosazrebiT).
Tu am tipis ukukavSirSi aqcentirebulia raime pirovnuli gamovlineba
da
ara
qceva,
igi
warmodgenilia

pirovnebisagan
ganyenebulad
winamdebare kvlevaSi „Sexeba“ warmodgenilia, rogorc situacia-fokusirebuli
ukukavSiri.
164
(disocirebuli
saxiT),
rogorc
amavedros
ar
warmoadgens
(imanentur
Tvisebas).
misi
kuTvnili
pirovnebis
magaliTad
ganuyofel,
negatiuri
Sexeba
gZliaT” ar gamoricxavs pirovnebis SesaZleblobas
sZlios
sixarbes”
anu
Tviseba
gancda,
ganyenebulia,
ar
romelic
mudmiv
“Tqven
nawils
sixarbem
sxva dros “Tavad
aris
asocirebuli
pirovnebasTan. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas Semdegnairi forma eqneboda:
“TqvenTvis damaxasiaTebelia sixarbe” an “Tqven xarbi adamiani xarT”.
aseve,
pozitiuri
Sexeba:
“intuiciam
gagimarTlaT”
intuicias
warmogvidgens pirovnebisagan gancalkavebulad da ar gamoricxavs, rom
sxva
dros
am
adamians
intuiciam
SesaZloa
“uRalatos”.
winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi Tviseba warmodgenili iqneba asocirebuli saxiT: “ Tqven
Zlieri
intuiciis
grZnoba
gaxasiaTebT”,
rac
TiTqos
gulisxmobs
molodins, rom mocemuli pirovneba ZiriTadad, xSirad an yovelTvis
amJRavnebs Zlier intuicias, rogorc misTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas.
2 _ ignorireba (discounting - transaqciuli analizis mixedviT) _
ukukavSirs,
romelic
konkretuli
qcevisa
Seicavs
Tu
konkretul
pirovnuli
situaciaSi
gamovlinebis
warmoadgens
pirovnebis
mixedviT
miRebul
subieqtur, implicitur (anu nagulisxmev) daskvnas TviTon pirovnebis
Sesaxeb
sxvagvari
da
ar
an
gulisxmobs
sapirispiro
(ar
uSvebs)
gamovlinebis
alternatiuli
qcevisa
da
SesaZleblobas.
magaliTad,
pozitiuri ignorireba: “sapasuxismgeblo situaciebSi Tqven gabedulad
moqmedebT” gulisxmobs ara qcevis erTjerad aqts, aramed qceviT nimuSs
(paterns),
romelic
TiTqos
mocemuli
pirovnebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia da gamoricxavs sapirispiro,
ZiriTadad
magaliTad gaubedavad
moqmedebis SesaZleblobas. aseve, negatiuri ignorireba: “Tqven naklebad
iTvaliswinebT sxva adamianTa interesebs” gulisxmobs, rom mocemuli
pirovneba mxolod erT,
konkretul situaciaSi ki ar moiqca ase, aramed
saerTod (xSirad an yovelTvis) ase iqceva. Tu am tipis ukukavSirSi
aqcentirebulia pirovnuli Tviseba da ara qceva, igi warmodgenilia
asocirebuli
saxiT.
magaliTad

pozitiuri
ignorireba
“Tqven
winamdebare kvlevaSi „ignorireba“ warmodgenilia, rogorc ganzogadebuli
ukukavSiri
165
gulwrfeloba
(originaluroba,
simamace,
mizandasaxuloba
da
a.
S.)
gaxasiaTebT” gulisxmobs molodins, rom mocemuli pirovneba sxva dros,
sxva
pirobebSic
gamoavlens
aRniSnul
Tvisebas
anu
asocirebulia
masTan ( gulwrfelia, originaluria, mamacia, mizandasaxulia). amasTanave
am adamianis mxridan TiTqos gamoricxuli an naklebad mosalodnelia
sapirispiro Tvisebebis gamomJRavneba:
axasiaTebs
gulwrfeloba,
anu Tu
vgulisxmobT
vambobT, rom
rom
mas
ar
adamians
axasiaTebs
farisevloba, xolo Tu igi mamacia, Sesabamisad, mxdali ar iqneba.
amdenad, potenciur SesaZleblobaTa ignorireba erT konkretul qcevas
an
pirovnul
gamovlinebas
qcevis
nimuSad an
pirovnul
Tvisebad
warmogvidgens, romelic mocemuli adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia,
anu ganazogadebs mas. magaliTi:
Sexeba:
“Tqven
uxeSad
moepyariT
Tqvens
klients”
konkretul situacias (axla, guSin, erTxel da a.S.)
_
gulisxmobs
da konkrtul
adamians (klients).
ignorireba: “ Tqven uxeSad epyrobiT sxva adamianebs” _ ganazogadebs
konkretul situacias (ZiriTadad, xSirad, yovelTvis) da konkretul
adamians (sxva adamianebs).
amasTanave
igi
ar
aRiarebs
qcevasa
Tu
pirovnul
gamovlinebaSi
cvlilebas, pirovnebis alternatiul SesaZleblobebs. magaliTi:
Sexeba: “ Tqven ar moikribeT gambedaoba dabrkolebaTa dasaZlevad “ _
aRiarebs SesaZleblobas (SegeZloT, magram ar gaakeTeT es; gaqvT
gambedaoba, magram ar moikribeT)
ignorireba:
“Tqven ar gyofniT gambedaoba dabrkolebaTa dasaZlevad” _
uaryofs SesaZleblobas (ar gagaCniaT sakmarisi gambedaoba ).
an : “ Tqven ver ikrebT gambedaobas/ver bedavT.......” (anu ar SegiZliaT).
3 _ socialuri Sedareba, romelic warmoadgens ignorirebis formas,
radganac masSi ugulvebelyofilia pirovnebis qcevis an pirovnuli
gamvlinebis TavisTavadi (anu garkveul socialur jgufTan Sedarebis
gareSe) mniSvneloba. am tipis ukukavSiri migvaniSnebs, rom aRniSnuli
qceva
an
qcevebTan
gamovlineba
mniSvnelobas
gamovlinebebTan
iZens
SedarebiT,
166
mxolod
xolo
sxva
TavisTavad,
adamianTa
TiTqos
Rirebuli ar aris. qceva an pirovnuli gamovlineba aRwerilia unaris
terminebSi,
Sedarebulia
sxvebTan,
xolo
unaris
gamoxatulebis
axrisxi fiqsirebulia (maRali, dabali, saSualo da a.S.).
magaliTi:
“ Tqveni unari gabedulad imoqmedoT da daZlioT dabrkolebebi
miznis
misaRwevad
saSualoze
ramdenadme
dabalia”
_
qceva
da
pirovnuli gamovlineba unaris terminebSia gamoxatuli, saSualosTan
Sedareba ki xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom unaris gamoxatulobis
xarisxi
fiqsirebulia
(maRali,
dabali,
Zlieri
an
sustad
gamoxatulia).
nimuSebis saxiT warmogidgenT Tanamedrove transaqciuli analizis
zogierTi avtoris mier SemoTavazebul magaliTebs:
Sexeba: “ra brwyinvale azria?!”
ignorireba: “ brwyinvaled azrovnebT!”
Sexeba: “ Sen SecdomiT dawere es sityva”
ignorireba: “ Sen sul ar gcodnia wera’’
Sexeba: “Tqven adekvaturi reagireba moaxdineT mis sityvebze”
ignorireba : “Tqven adekvaturad reagirebT sxva adamianTa qcevaze”
167
1
^ 1 komerciulma alRom da intuiciam aSkarad gimtyunaT
2 Tqven gaxasiaTebT naklebad gamoxatuli, susti intuiciis
grZnoba (alRo)
3
Tqveni
unari
alRo
auRoT
situacias
(intuiciis
grZnoba) saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
2
1
Tqven
airCieT
originaluri
strategia
(xerxi)
da
SemoqmedebiTad gadawyviteT problema
2 Tqven originalurad da SemoqmedebiTad azrovnebT
3
Tqveni
azrovnebis
originaluroba
saSualoze
ramdenadme maRalia
3
1 Tqven pozitiurad gadawyviteT konfliqturi situacia
2
Tqven
gaxasiaTebT
kofliqturi
situaciis
pozitiurad
gadawyvetis gamoxatuli tendencia
3
Tqveni
unari
pozitiurad
gadawyvitoT
situacia saSualoze ramdenadme maRalia
168
konfliqturi
4
1 Tqven mxolod sakuTari interesebis mixedviT imoqmedeT,
ukompromiso gadawyvetileba miiReT da
ar gaiTvaliswineT
momxmarebelTa survili
2 Tqven naklebad iTvaliswinebT sxva adamianTa interesebs,
survilebs da ar gaxasiaTebT gonivrul kompromisze wasvlis
tendencia
3
Tqveni
interesebi
unari
da
gaiTvaliswinoT
Sesabamisad
sxva
miiRoT
adamianTa
kompromisuli
gadawyvetileba saSualoze gacilebiT dabalia
5
1
konfliqturi
nacvlad
Tqven
situaciis
problemis
2
pozitiurad
moaxdineT
gadawyvetis
(Tvali
daxuWeT
problemaze)
2
Tqven
pozitiurad
ver
wyvetT
konfliqtur
situacias, Tvals xuWavT problemaze.
3
Tqveni
konfliqturi
unari
pozitiurad
situacia
saSualoze
dabalia
169
gadawyvitoT
gacilebiT
6
1 komerciulma alRom da intuiciam gagimarTlaT
2 Tqven gaxasiaTebT Zlieri intuiciis grZnoba (alRo)
3
Tqveni
unari
alRo
auRoT
situacias
grZnoba) saSualoze ramdenadme maRalia
(intuiciis
7
1 Tqven saTanadod ar SeafaseT usafrTxoebis mniSvneloba,
ar
izruneT
Tqvens
irgvliv
usafrTxo
situaciis
Seqmnaze
2
Tqven
zrunavT
Seqmnaze
saTanadod
Tqvens
ver afasebT
da
Sesabamisad, ar
irgvliv
usafrTxo
situaciis
3 Tqveni swrafva usafrTxoebisaken (Tqvens irgvliv usafrTxo
situaciis
SeqmnisaTvis zrunva)
saSualoze ramdenadme
dabalia
8
1
Tqven arc Tu ise diplomatiuri strategia gamoiyeneT
da
sakmaod
utaqtod
(uxeSad)
moeqeciT
sakuTar
klientebs
2
Tqven
nalkebad
gaxasiaTebT
diplomatiuroba
da
adamianebTan
urTierTobisas
sakmaod
uxeSad
(utaqtod)
iqceviT
3
Tqveni
unari
daamyaroT
urTierToba
ramdenadme dabalia.
diplomatiurad,
ukonfliqtod
sxva
adamianebTan
saSualoze
170
9
1
Tqveni
sakmaod
strategia airCieT
2
Tqven
azrovnebT
sakmaod
banaluri,
banalurad
3
Tqveni
azrovnebis
ramdenadme dabalia
(araoriginaluri)
(araoriginalurad)
originaluroba
saSualoze
10
1
Tqven Zalze advilad daTmeT
Tqveni Tavdapirveli
miznebi
(ambiciebi)
da
ar
miokribeT
gambedaoba
maTi
ganxorcielebisaTvis
2 Tqven ZiriTadad ver
miznebs,
ar
gyofniT
gansaxorcieleblad
aRwevT Tavdapirvelad dasaxul
gambedaoba
Tqveni
ambiciebis
unari
gabedulad
ganaxorcieloT
Tqveni
3
Tqveni
Tavdapirveli
miznebi
(ambiciebi)
saSualoze
gacilebiT dabalia
11
1 Tqven saTanadod SeafaseT usafrTxoebis mniSvneloba
da
izruneT
usafrTxo
situaciis
Seqmnaze
Tqvens
irgvliv
2 qven saTanadod afasebT da Sesabamisad
usafrTxo situaciis Seqmnaze Tqvens irgvliv
3
Tqveni
swrafva
irgvliv
usafrTxo
ramdenadme maRalia
zrunavT
kidec
usafrTxoebisaken
(zrunva
Tqvens
situaciis
Seqmnaze)
saSualoze
171
12
1
Tqven
saTanadod
ar
SeafaseT
policiis
muSakTa realuri Zalaufleba (SesaZleblobebi)
2
Tqven
gaxasiaTebT
Zalauflebis,
sxva
adamianTa
SesaZleblobebis
realuri
seufaseblobis
tendencia
3
Tqveni
unari
saTanadod
SeafasoT
sxva
adamianTa
realuri SesaZleblobebi saSualoze gacilebiT dabalia
13
1
Tqven
arc
Tu
ise
moxerxebulad
da
efeqturad
moaxdineT reagireba moulodnel garemoebaze
2
moulodnel
reagirebT
3
Tqveni
garemoebebze
Tqven
ver
sakmarisad efeqturad da moxerxebulad
unari
reagireba
efeqturad
da
moulodnel
moxerxebulad
garemoebaTa
moaxdinoT
Seqmnisas
saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
14
1
im
Tqven
imediT,
rom
Tqveni
qceva
arakeTilsindisierad
ar
gamoaSkaravdeboda,
moeqeciT
Tqvens
klientebs,
sxva
adamianebis
safrTxeSi CaagdeT maTi janmrTeloba
2
Tqven
mimarT,
arakeTilsindisierad
Tu
ki
fiqrobT,
iqceviT
rom
Tqveni
qceva
ar
gamomJRavndeba
3
Tqveni
unari
keTilsindisiereba
dausjelobis
sxva
pirobebSic
adamianebis
gacilebiT dabalia
172
mimarT
SeinarCunoT
saSualoze
15
1
Tqven
didi
ar
dauSviT
ki
da
sifrTxile,
windaxeduleba
gamoiCineT,
reputaciis
dakargvis
mcire
SesaZleblobac
keTilsindisieri
saqcieliT
momxmareblis
ndobac
windaxedulad
icavT
moipoveT
2
Tqven
didi
sakuTar
iqceviT
sifrTxiliT,
zneobriv
sxva
principebs,
adamianebis
mimarT
keTilsindisierad
da
maT
ndobasac
zneobrivi
principebi
imsaxurebT
3
da
Tqveni
unari
daicvaT
keTilsindisierad
sakuTari
moiqceT
sxva
adamianebis
mimarT
saSualoze gacilebiT maRalia
16
1
Tqven
survili
zustad
da
gamoicaniT
moaxerxeT
momxmarebelTa
maTi
WeSmariti
daintereseba
Tqveni
momsaxureobiT
2
Tqven
zustad
swvdebiT
sxva
adamianTa
WeSmarit
sxva
adamianTa
WeSmarit
survilebsa da moTxovnilebebs
3
Tqveni
unari
survilebsa
CaswvdeT
da
moTxovnilebebs
gacilebiT maRalia
173
saSualoze
17
1
Tqven
Zalze
klientebs
da
uSualod,
sasiamovno
gulRiad
ndobis
esaubreT
atmosfero
Tqvens
SehqmeniT
Tqvens irgvliv
2
Tqven
gaxasiaTebT
adamianebTan
gulwrfeli
urTierTobisas,
saubari
ris
da
uSualoba
gamoc
Tqvens
irgvliv sasiamovno ndobis atmosfero iqmneba
3
Tqveni
unari
urTierToba
daamyaroT
sxva
gulwrfeli
adamianebTan
da
saSualoze
uSualo
gacilebiT
maRalia
18
1
Tqven
isargebleT
eqspluatatoruli
TanamSromelTa
umuSevrobis
damokidebulebiT
profesiuli
pirobebiT,
SelaxeT
Rirseba
da
momaval
saTanadod
ar
Sromisa
da
SeafaseT maTi Sromis Rirebuleba
2
Tqven
gaxasiaTebT
profesiuli
eqspluataciis
im
adamianTa
Rirsebis
tendencia,
Seufaseblobisa
romlebic
raime
da
garemoebaTa
gamo Tqvenze xdebian damokidebulni
3
Tqveni
damokidebul
unari
tolerantulad
adamianebs,
daafasoT
moeqceT
maTi
Tqvenze
Sroma
profesiuli Rirseba, saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
174
da
19
1
Tqven
sxva
adamianebTan
strategia airCieT
2
Tqven
pozitiur,
amyarebT adamianebTan
TanamSromlobis
TanamSromlobiT
pozitiuri
urTierTobebs
3 Tqveni unari daamyaroT pozitiuri, TanamSromlobiTi
urTierTobebi
sxva
adamianebTan
saSualoze
ramdenadme
maRalia
20
1
Tqven
Rirseulad
SeafaseT
momaval
TanamSromelTa
Sroma
da
profesiuli
Rirseba,
ar
isargebleT
maTi
eqspluataciis SesaZleblobiT
2 Tqven Rirseulad afasebT sxva adamianTa Sromasa da
profesiul
Rirsebas
im
SemTxvevaSic
ki,
Tu
isini
raime garemoebaTa gamo Tqvenze xdebian damokidebulni
3
Tqveni
unari
daafasoT
im
adamianTa
Sroma
da
profesiuli
Rirseba,
romlebic
Tqvenze
arian
damokidebulni, saSualoze ramdenadme maRalia
21
1
Tqven
zustad
SeafaseT
problemuri
da
progresuli
strategia
airCieT,
pozitiuri cvlilebebi Tqvens poziciasa da qcevaSi
2
Tqven
zust
Sefasebas
aZlevT
situaciebs
da
ar
eridebiT
Tqveni
qcevebis Secvlas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
situacia
SeitaneT
problemur
poziciisa
da
3
Tqveni
unari
zustad
SeafasoT
problemuri
situacia
da
saWiroebisamebr
SecvaloT
Tqveni
pozicia an qcevebi, saSualoze ramdenadme maRalia
175
22
1
Tqven
gulisxmierad
moeqeciT
Tqvens
rac maTTan warmatebuli urTierTobas gpirdebaT
klientebs,
2
Tqven
gulisxmierad
epyrobiT
adamianebs,
Tqvens mimarT keTlsasurvelad ganawyobs
rac
3
Tqveni
gulisxmiereba
saSualoze ramdenadme maRalia
sxva
adamianTa
maT
mimarT
23
1
Tqven
zustad
SeafaseT
Sesabamisadac imoqmedeT
2 Tqvens
zustad
moqmedebT
irgvliv
afasebT
Seqmnil
da
realuri
situacia
da
situaciebs Tqven realurad,
Sesabamisad
(adekvaturad)
3
Tqveni
unari
zustad
SeafasoT
realuri
situacia
da
Sesabamisad
(adekvaturad)
imoqmedoT
saSualoze
ramdenadme maRalia
24
1 sakuTari prestiJis amaRlebis mizniT Tqven moerideT
uSualo,
gulaxdil
saubars
klientebTan
da
Tqvens
irgvliv
usiamovno
undoblobis
atmosfero
SehqmeniT
2
Tqven
eridebiT
uSualo,
gulwrfel
urTierTobas
adamianebTan,
ris
gamoc
Tqvens
irgvliv
usiamovno
undoblobis atmosfero iqmneba
3
Tqveni
unari
urTierTobebi
sxva
dabalia
daamyaroT
adamianebTan
176
uSualo,
gulwrfeli
saSualoze
gacilebiT
25
1
Tqven
SewyviteT
realizacia
(ar
ganagrZeT)
mxolod
situaciaSi
im
realuri
Tqveni
SesaZleblobebis
mizeziT,
safrTxe
rom
mocemul
(problema)
ar
gemuqrebodaT
2
Tqven
naklebad
SesaZleblobebi,
gemuqrebaT
iswrafiT
Tu
an
ki
ganaviTaroT
realuri
mniSvnelovani
sakuTari
safrTxe
problemis
ar
gadaWris
aucileblobis winaSe ar dgaxarT
3
da
Tqveni
unari
ganaviTaroT
SesaZleblobebi
aqtualuri
im
sakuTari
SemTxvevaSic
problemis
gadaWris
resursebi
Tu
raime
aucileblobis
winaSe ar dgaxarT, saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
26
1
sapasuxismgeblo
sijiute
situaciaSi
gamoiCineT
da
ar
Tqven
daTmeT
umarTebulo
Tqveni
pozicia,
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi mcdari iyo
2
sapasuxismgeblo
racionalurad
da
situaciebSi
sakuTar
Tqven
pozicias
ar
azrovnebT
jiutad
icavT
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi mcdaria
3
Tqveni
racionalurad
unari
iazrovnoT
sapasuxismgeblo
da
daTmoT
situaciebSi
Tqveni
Tu ki igi mcdaria, saSualoze gacilebiT dabalia
177
pozicia,
27
1
sapasuximgeblo
iazrovneT
da
situaciaSi
daTmeT
Tqven
Tqveni
saRad,
racionalurad
pozicia,
radgan
igi
mcdari aRmoCnda
2
sapasuxismgeblo
racionalurad
TmobT
situaciebSi
azrovnebT
sakuTar
da
Tqven
saWiroebis
pozicias,
Tu
ki
saRad,
SemTxvevaSi
igi
mcdari
aRmoCndeba
3
Tqveni
unari
racionalurad
iazrovnoT
sapasuxismgeblo situaciebSi da daTmoT Tqveni pozicia, Tu
igi mcdari aRmoCndeba, saSualoze
ramdenadme
dabalia
28
1 Tqven konformistuli gadaqyvetileba miiReT da daeyrdeniT
ara
realur
situacias,
aramed
sxv
adamianTa
avtoritets,
uRalateT sakuTar intuicias da profesiul gamocdilebas
2
Tqven
gaxasiaTebT
Zalauflebis
mqone
konformistuli,
adamianebs
avtoritetisa
daqvemdebarebuli
da
qceva.
advilad TmobT sakuTar iniciativasa da Sexedulebebs, Tu ki
isini SesamCnevad gansxvavebulia
3
Tqveni
realuri
unari
autonomiurad
situaciis
mixedviT,
(damoukideblad)
miuxedavad
imisa,
imoqmedoT
Tu
ras
fiqroben an ra surT avtoritetulsa da Zalauflebis mqone
adamianebs, saSualoze gacilebiT dabalia
178
29
1 Tqven gacilebiT mcire miRwevebiT dakmayofildiT, vidre
Tavidan gqondaT gansazrvruli
2 Tavdapirvelad Tqven sakmaod did miznebs isaxavT, Semdeg ki
gacilebiT mcire miRwevebiT kmayofildebiT
3 Tqveni unari ganaxorcieloT dasaxuli mizani bolomde da
ar dasjerdeT ufro mcire miRwevebs, saSualoze ramdenadme
dabalia
30
1 Tqven autonomiurad (damoukideblad) miiReT gadawyvetileba,
romelic eyrdnoboda realur situacias da ara im adamianTa
avtoritets,
romlebzec
Tqven
ramdenadme
damokidebul
aRmoCndiT.
2
Tqven
gaxasiaTebT
umarTebulod
ar
autonomiuri
(damoukidebeli)
eqvemdebarebiT
qceva.
avtoritetisa
da
Zalauflebis mqone adamianebs.
3
Tqveni
unari
autonomiurad
(damoukideblad)
miiRoT
gadawyvetileba da Sesabamisad imoqmedoT, miuxedavad imisa, Tu
ras fiqroben an ra surT avtoritetisa da Zalauflebis mqone
adamianebs saSualoze gacilebiT maRalia
179
31
1
problemur
situaciaSi
Tqven
uxeSad
SezRudeT
Tqveni
klientebi, imis nacvlad rom ufro konstruqciuli strategia
mogeZebnaT
2
problemuri
adamianebs
situaciidan
zRudavT
imis
Tavis
dasaRwevad
magivrad,
rom
Tqven
raime
sxva
ufro
konstruqciuli strategia moZebnoT
3
Tqveni
unari
konstruqciuli
Tavi
daaRwioT
saSualebebiT
da
problemur
ara
sxva
situacias
adamianTa
SezRudvis gziT, saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
32
1 Tqven ar gamoiyeneT pozitiuri SesaZlebloba mxolod imis
gamo, rom igi moulodneli, winaswardaugegmavi iyo
da ar
Seesabameboda Tqvens warmodgenebs
2 Tqven ver iyenebT pozitiur SesaZleblobebs, Tu ki isini
moulodnelia, winaswar araa gaTvaliswinebuli Tqvens mier da
ar Seesabameba Tqvens warmodgenebs
3
Tqveni
unari
gamoiyenoT
pozitiuri
SesaZleblobebi
im
SemTxvevaSic ki, roca isini moulodnelia da winaswar ar
gqondaT gaTvaliswinebuli, saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
180
33
1
Tqven
SesaniSnavad
gamoiyeneT
axali
pozitiuri
SesaZlebloba, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi moulodneli iyo
TqvenTvis da winaswar gaTvaliswinebuli ar gqondaT
2 Tqven SesaniSnavad iyenebT pozitiur SesaZleblobebs, im
SemTxvevaSic
ki,
roca
isini
TqvenTvis
moulodnelia
da
winaswar ar gaqvT warmodgenili
3
Tqveni
unari
SesaZleblobebi,
warmodgenili
gamoiyenoT
miuxedavad
da
moulodneli
imisa,
gansazRvruli
ar
pozitiuri
rom
winaswar
gaqvT,
saSualoze
ramdenadme maRalia
34
1
Tqven Tanamimdevrulad imoqmedeT
da
swored
is nabiji
gadadgiT, romelsac mocemuli situacia moiTxovda
2 Tqven Tanamimdevruli qceva gaxasiaTebT da zustad ise
moqmedebT, rogorc mocemuli situacia moiTxovs
3
Tqveni
unari
imoqmedoT
Tanamimdevrulad
situaciis mixedviT saSualoze ramdenadme maRalia
181
aqtualuri
35
1 Tqven Tavisuflad, megobrulad SexvdiT ucxo adamianebis
mxridan gamovlenil iniciativas, ar iTakileT maTi rCevis
miReba
da
sasargeblo
koreqtivebic
SeitaneT
Tqvens
saqmianobaSi
2 Tqven Tavisuflad, megobrulad xvdebiT sxva adamianebis
mxridan gamovlenil iniciativebs, ar TakilobT maTi rCevebis
miRebas da mzad xarT maTze dayrdnobiT cvlilebebi SeitanoT
Tqvens saqmianobaSi
3 Tqveni unari keTilganwyobilad daxvdeT da miiRoT sxva
adamianTa mxridan SemoTavazebuli iniciativebi,
rCevebi da
Sesabamisad
ramdenadme
SecvaloT
Tqveni
qcev
saSualoze
maRalia
36
1
situaciis
praqtikulad
radikalurad
iazrovneT
da
Secvlisas
erTaderTi
Tqven
Zalze
keTilgonivruli
gamosavali airCieT Seqmnil situaciaSi
2 situaciis moulodnelad Secvlisas Tqven Zalze paqtikulad
da saRad azrovnebT
3
Tqveni
garemoebaTa
azrovnebis
mkveTrad
moqniloba
Secvlis
gacilebiT maRalia
182
(praqtikuloba)
pirobebSi
saSualoze
37
1 Tqven ar gaiTvaliswineT warmatebis misaRwevad gambedaobis
(zomieri riskis gawevis) aucilebloba
2 Tqven ar gyofniT
warmatebis misaRwevad
gambedaoba
(riskis
3 Tqveni gambedaoba, riskis gawevis
misaRwevad saSualoze gacilebiT dabalia
gawevis
unari
unari)
warmatebis
38
1 Tqven umniSvnelo detals dauTmeT mTeli yuradReba, mTavari
ki ar gaiTvaliswineT
2 Tqven umniSvnelo detalebs aqcevT yuradRebas, mTavars ki
ver iTvaliswinebT
3 Tqveni unari ZiriTadad yuradReba sakiTxis mTavar aspeqtebs
dauTmoT da ar SeCerdeT umniSvnelo datalebze saSualoze
gacilebiT dabalia
39
1 Tqven sakmaod mtrulad daxvdiT sxva adamianTa mxridan
SemoTavazebul sasargeblo rCevas (iniciativas), es Tqveni
wesebisa da principebis ganxorcielebaSi uxeS Carevad
CaTvaleT da ar SeitaneT koreqtivebi Tqvens saqmianobaSi
2 Tqven sakmaod mtrulad xvdebiT sxva adamianebis mier
SemoTavazebul rCevebs (iniciativas), Tqveni principebis uxeS
kritikad miiCnevT da ver iyenebT maT Tqveni qcevis
pozitiurad SecvlisaTvis
3 Tqveni unari Tavisuflad miiRoT sxva adamianebis mier
SemoTavazebuli sasargeblo rCevebi (iniciativa) da gamoiyenoT
isini Tqveni qcevis pozitiurad SecvlisaTvis saSualoze
ramdenadme dabalia
183
40
1 situaciis radikalurad Secvlis pirobebSi Tqven Zalze
arapraqtikulad iazrovneT da mcdari gadawyvetilebac miiReT
2 situaciis moulodnelad, mkveTrad Secvlisas Tqven ver
azrovnebT
praqtikulad
da
Sesabamisad
mcdar
gadawyvetilebebs iRebT
3 Tqveni azrovnebis moqniloba (praqtikuloba) situaciis
moulodnelad, mkveTrad Secvlil pirobebSi saSualoze
gacilebiT dabalia
41
1 Tqven ar daTmeT mcire monapovari imisaTvis, rom ufro
metisaTvis migeRwiaT Tqvens saqmianobaSi, miuxedavad imisa,
rom es mxolod mcire riskis gawevas moiTxovda Tqvengan
2 Tqven ver TmobT mcire monapovars imisaTvis, rom gacilebiT
mets
miaRwioT.
mcire
riskis
gawevasac
ki
ridebiT
mniSvnelovani warmatebis misaRwevad
3 Tqveni unari daTmoT mcire monapovari gacilebiT didi
miznis msaRwevad im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca riski umciresia,
saSualoze gacilebiT dabalia
42
1 Tqven WeSmaritad izruneT Tqvens klientebze, komfortuli
pirobebi SeuqmeniT maT da namdvlad daimsaxureT maTi
keTilganwyoba
2 Tqven WeSmaritad zrunavT sxva adamianebze da namdvilad
imsaxurebT maT keTilganwyobas
3
Tqveni
unari
WeSmaritad
izrunoT
sxva
keTildReobaze saSualoze gacilebiT maRalia
184
adamianT
43
1
Tqven
Zalze
obieqturad
SeafaseT
sakuTari
arakompedenturoba musikis sferoSi da gadawyvetileba miiReT
klientTa interesebze dayrdnobiT da ara sakuTari gemovnebis
mixedviT
2 Tqven
Zalze obieqtur Sefasebas aZlevT sakuTar codnas
(gamocdilebas)
gadawyvetilebas
da
sxva
arakompedenturobis
krteriumis
SemTxvevaSi
mixedviT
iRebT
(sxva
adamianTa codnis, gamocdilebis safuZvelze)
3
Tqveni
unari
obieqturad
(gamocdileba)
da
SeafasoT
sakuTari
arakompedenturobis
codna
SemTxvevaSi
gadawyvetileba sxva kriteriumis mixedviT miiRoT saSualoze
gacilebiT maRalia
44
1 Tqven klientTa interesebis gauTvaliswineblad, mxolod
sakuTar
gemovnebaze
dayrdnobiT
miiReT
gadawyvetileba,
miuxedavad imisa, rom musikis sferoSi Tavi kompedenturad ar
migaCniaT. ar gamoiyeneT sxva adamianTa codna da gamocdileba
2
gadawyvetilebis
adamianTa codnasa da
miRebisas
Tqven
ver
eyrdnobiT
sxva
gamocdilebas im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca
Tavi arakompedenturad migaCniaT
3
Tqveni
unari
gadawyvetilebis
adamianTa
sakuTari
miRebisas
codnas
arakompedenturobis
gamoiyenoT
(gamocdilebas)
dabalia
185
da
SemTxvevaSi
daeyrdnoT
saSualoze
sxva
gacilebiT
45
1
Tqven
ar
damyarebis
gamoiCineT
iniciativa,
SesaZlebloba,
rac
dawyebas:
xom
Tqven
TanamSromlobiTi
ar
gamoiyeneT
partnioris
gagiadvilebdaT
jer
kidev
urTierTobis
axali
codnisa
moZebnis
saqmianobis
da
gamocdilebis
sxva
adamianebTan
deficits ganicdiT axal saqmeSi
2
Tqven
ver
avlenT
TanamSromlobiTi
problemebis
iniciativas
urTierTobis
erTad
damyarebaSi,
gadawyvetis
ver
iyenebT
SesaZleblobas
iseT
situaciebSi, sadac Tavad codnisa da gamocdilebis deficits
ganicdiT
3
Tqveni
unari
gamoiCinoT
iniciativa
sxva
adamianebTan
dakavSirebasa da TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobis damyarebaSi,
roca
raime
saqmeSi
codna
da
gamocdileba
gakliaT,
saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
46
1
Tqven
yuradReba
mniSvnelovani
da
problemas
Sesabamisad
ar
momavalSi
dauTmeT
saTanado
gauTvaliswinebeli
problemebi SeiqmeniT
2
Tqven
ver
amCnevT,
uyuradRebod
ekidebiT
mniSvnelovan
problemebs, rac momavalSi gauTvaliswinebel dabrkolebebs
giqmniT
4
Tqveni
unari
problemebs
da
yuradRebiT
Tavi
moekidoT
aaridoT
mniSvnelovan
gauTvaliswinebel
dabrkolebebs momavalSi, saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
186
47
1
Tqven
ar
SesaZleblobebi
aRiareT
(ar
Tqveni
mieciT
mas
personalis
Secdomis
pozitiuri
gamosworebis
SesaZlebloba) da zedmetad mkacrad moeqeciT mas
2 Tqven ar aRiarebT sxva adamianTa pozitiur SesaZleblobebs
(ar
aZlevT
maT
Secdomis
gamosworebis
saSualebas)
da
zedmetad mkacrad eqceviT maT
3
Tqveni
unari
SesaZleblobebi
aRiaroT
da
misceT
sxva
maT
adamianTa
Secdomis
pozitiuri
gamosworebis
saSualeba saSualoze ramdenadme dabalia
48
1
gadamwyveT
momentSi
Tqven
SeinarCuneT
emociurad
gawonasworebuli mdgomareoba (ar ahyeviT sakuTar risxvas) da
uaRresad gonivruli gadawyvetileba miiReT
2
gadamwyveT
gawonasworebul
momentSi
Tqven
mdgomareobas
da
inarCunebT
uaRresad
emociurad
gonivrulad
moqmedebT
3 Tqveni unari gadamwyveT momentSi SeinarCunoT emociurad
gawonasworebuli
mdgomareoba
187
da
gonivrulad
imoqmedoT
49
1
Tqven
pativiscema
pozitiuri
gamoamJRavneT
SesaZleblobebis
mimarT
Tqveni
(mieciT
personalis
mas
Secdomis
gamosworebis saSualeba) da loialurad (naklebad mkacrad)
moeqeciT mas
2
Tqven
aRiarebT,
SesaZleblobebs
pativs
scemT
(aZlevT
sxva
maT
adamianTa
Secdomis
pozitiur
gamosworebis
saSualebas) da loialurad (naklebad mkacrad) eqceviT maT
3
Tqveni
unari
SesaZleblobebi
aRiaroT
da
sxva
misceT
maT
adamianTa
Secdomis
pozitiuri
gamosworebis
saSualeba, saSualoze dacilebiT maRalia
50
1 Tqven airCieT sakmaod originaluri da efeqturi xerxi,
SemoqmedebiTad miudeqiT saqmes
2 Tqven originalurad, SemoqmedebiTad azrovnebT
3
Tqveni
azrovnebis
originaluroba
saSualoze ramdenadme maRalia
188
da
SemoqmedebiToba
51
1
ramodenime
klientis
mxridan
gamoTqmuli
ukmayofilebis
(kritikuli SeniSvnis) gamo Tqven ar ganaxorcieleT Tqveni
originaluri idea, ar endeT sakuTar mosazrebebs
2
Tqven
sruliad
umniSvnelo
kritikis
safuZvelzec
uars
ambobT Tqveni ideebis ganxorcielebaze, eWvi SegaqvT Tqvens
mosazrebebSi
3
Tqveni
unari
kritikuli
damokidebulebis
miuxedavad
ganaxorcieloT Tqveni ideebi da endoT Tqvens mosazrebebs
saSualoze gacilebiT dabalia
52
1
zogierT
klientTa
damokidebulebis)
ukmayofilebis
miuxedavad
Tqven
(kritikuli
ganaxorcieleT
originaluri idea da endeT sakuTar mosazrebebs
2
Tqveni
ideebis
damokidebulebis
mimarT
sxva
SemTxvevaSic
adamianTa
Tqven
endobiT
kritikuli
sakuTar
mosazrebebs da gabedulad anxorcielebT maT
3 Tqveni unari endoT sakuTar mosazrebebs da sxva adamianTa
kritikuli damokidebulebis miuxedavad ganaxorcieloT isini,
189
danarTi #4
Tqven qvemoT naxavT GRirebulebaTa, pirovnul TvisebaTa da unarTa
nusxas.
gTxovT,
imisda
mixedviT,
yuradRebiT
Tu
waikiTxoT yoveli
ramdenad
mniSvnelovnad
punqti da
SeafasoT
migaCniaT
mocemuli
Rirebuleba an Tviseba, ramdenad mniSvnelovania warmodgenili Tvisebebis
da unarebis floba piradad TqvenTvis da
ramdenad mniSvnelovani
adgili uWiravs TviToeul maTgans sakuTar Tavze
Tqvens warmodgenaSi.
Sefasebisas gamoiyeneT Semdegi skala:
-1 _ ewinaaRmdegeba Cemi cxovrebis princips, miuRebelia CemTvis;
0 _ Zalze umniSvneloa;
1 _ sakmaod umniSvneloa;
2 _ umniSvneloa;
3 _ odnav mniSvnelovania;
4 _ mniSvnelovania;
5 _ sakmaod mniSvnelovania;
6 _ Zalze mniSvnelovania;
7_ umaRlesi mniSvnelobis mqonea.
gamokiTxva anonimuria, Tqveni gvaris miTiTeba saWiro ar aris.
gTxovT, gulwrfelad SeavsoT yoveli punqti.
1. Tanasworoba ( yvelasaTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis miniWeba);
1. Sinagani harmonia ( sakuTar TavTan harmoniaSi yofna);
2. socialuri Zalaufleba (sxvaTa marTva);
3. siamovneba (survilebis dakmayofileba);
4. Tavisufleba (moqmedebisa da azrovnebis Tavisufleba)
5. damTmobloba _ sxva adamianTa interesebis gaTvaliswineba, gonivrul
kompromisze wasvlis unari
6. usafrTxoeba
190
7. diplomatiuroba _ adamianebTan urTierTobis ukonfliqtod damyareba
8. konfliqturi
situaciis
pozitiurad
gadawyvetis
unari
_
konfliqturi situaciidan iseTi gamosavlis Zebna, romelic, rogorc
sakuTari Tavis, aseve sxva adamianebisaTvisac sasargebloa (pozitiuria)
9. sxva adamianTa SesaZleblobebis aRiareba (Sefaseba, danaxva)
10. fleqsiuroba (rigiduloba) _ moulodnel garemoebaze moxerxebulad,
axleburad reagireba, sakuTari poziciis, qcevis saWiroebisamebr Secvla
11. keTilsindisiereba
12. sulieri
cxovreba
(sulieri
da
ara
materialuri
sakiTxebis
xazgasma);
13. mikuTvnebulobis
grZnoba
(gancda
imisa,
rom
Cems
garSemo
myofi
adamianebi zrunaven Cemze);
14. realobis gancda (realuri
situaciis adeqvaturad
aRqma, zustad
Sefaseba);
15. socialuri wesrigi (sazogadoebis stabiluroba);
16. saintereso cxovreba (stimulis momcemi gamocdileba);
17. cxovrebis sazrisi (cxovrebis mizani);
18. zrdiloba ( Tavazianoba, kargi manerebi);
19. imdidre ( materialuri qonebis floba, fuli);
20. erovnuli usafrTxoeba (Cemi eris mtrisagan daculoba);
21. sakuTari Tavis pativiscema (sakuTari Rirsebis gancda);
22. sxva adamianTa WeSmariti survilebis wvdoma ( gamocnoba);
23. amagis dabruneba (sxvis valSi yofnisagan Tavis arideba);
24. mSvidoba msoflioSi (omisa da konfliqtis ar arseboba);
25. tradiciebis
pativiscema
(Zveli
droidan
momavali
adaT-wesebis
SenarCuneba);
26. mowifuli
racionaluri,
siyvaruli
(Rrma
konstruqciuli
emociuri
azrovneba
da
sulieri
(sijiute)
siaxlove);
_
sakuTari
Secdomebis saRad, miukerZoeblad Sefaseba da aRiareba, sxva adamianis
mxridan SemoTavazebuli konstruqciuli rCevis miRebis unari
191
27. autonomiuroba, damoukidebloba (konformuloba) _ damoukideblad
gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da moqmedebis unari
28. Tanamimdevruloba
_
situaciis,
garemoebis
Sesabamisad
moqmedebis
unari
29. TviTdisciplina (TavSekavebuloba, mdgradoba cdunebis mimarT);
30. gandgoma (amqveyniuri ambebisagan, movlenebisagan);
31. ojaxis usafrTxoeba (sayvarel adamianTa usafrTxoeba);
32. azrovnebis originaluroba (sakiTxis gansxvavebuli xedva)
33. SemoqmedebiToba (warmosaxvis unari);
34. socialuri aRiareba ( pativiscema, sxvaTa mowonebis damsaxureba);
35. bunebasTan erTianoba ( bunebasTan morgeba);
36. mravalferovani
cxovreba
(stimuliT,
siaxliTa
da
cvlilebebiT
aRsavse cxovreba);
37. sibrZne (cxovrebis mowifuli gageba); gambedaoba _ riskis gawevis
unari
38. demokratiuloba, loialuroba (avtoritaruloba) _ sxva adamianTa
pozitiuri SesaZleblobebis aRiareba da pativiscema, sxvisTvis Secdomis
gamosworebis SesaZleblobis micema
39. emociurad gawonasworebuloba
40. Tavdajerebuloba _ sakuTari Tavis ( mosazrebebis, ideebis) mimarT
ndoba )
41. dakvirvebuloba,
yuradRebianoba
(daudevroba)_
sakiTxis
mTavari
aspeqtis moZebna, yuradRebis mniSvnelovan problemaze gamaxvileba
42. sifrTxile, windaxeduleba
43. avtoriteti ( liderobisa da mbrZaneblobis ufleba);
44. namdvili megobroba ( axlo, mxardamWeri megobrebi);
45. silamazis samyro ( bunebisa da xelovnebis silamaze);
46. sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad realizaciisaken swrafva (
swrafva winsvlisa da ganviTarebisaken)
192
47. socialuri samarTlianoba ( usamarTlobis gamosworeba, sustisaTvis
zrunva); gulwrfeloba, uSualoba
48. sxva adamianTa Rirsebebis pativiscema, dafaseba
49. TanamSromloba _ sxva adamianebTan TanamSromlobis survili
50. gulisxmiereba _sxva adamianebze zrunva
51. damoukidebeli ( sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuli, TviTkmari);
52. zomieri
(ukiduresi
grZnobebisa
da
moqmedebebisagan
Tavis
amridebeli);
53. erTguli (Cemi megobrebisa da jgufisadmi erTguli);
54. winmswrafi (Tavdadebulad momuSave);
55. farTo
Sexedulebebis
mqone
(momTmeni
gansxvavebuli
azrisa
da
Sexedulebebis mimarT);
56. Tavmdabali ( CrdilSi mdgomi );
57. azrovnebis
moqniloba,
praqtikuli
azrovneba
(martivi
da
mosaxerxebeli gamosavlis moZebna rTul situaciaSi);
58. gambedavi (Tavgadasavlis maZiebeli );
59. garemos damcveli (bunebis damcveli);
60. gavleniani (adamianebze da movlenebze gavlenis mqone);
61. mSoblebisa
da
ufrosebis
pativismcemeli
(pativiscemis
gamomJRavnebeli);
62. sakuTari miznebis amomrCeveli (sakuTari miznis damsaxveli);
63. janmrTeli (fizikuri da sulieri daavadebis armqone);
64. unariani (kompetenturi, produqtiuli, Sedegiani);
65. sxva adamianebze sasurveli STabeWdilebis momxdeni (igulisxmeba sxva
adamianTa
ndobis mopoveba da SenarCuneba)
66. cxovrebaSi kuTvnili wvlilis mimRebi (cxovrebis viTarebebisadmi
dammorCilebeli);
67. patiosani (naRdi, gulwrfeli);
68. sakuTari
Tavis
Sesaxeb
sazogadoebrivi
(sakuTari saxis damcveli);
193
azris
SemnarCunebeli
69. damjeri (movaleobisa da valdebulebis Semsrulebeli);
70. Wkviani (logikuri, moazrovne);
71. daxmarebis gamwevi (sxvaTa keTildReobisaTvis mzrunveli);
72. sicocxlisagan
siamovnebis
mimRebi
(saWmlisagan,
seqsisagan,
dasvenebisagan da sxv. siamovnebis mimRebi);
73. mizandasaxuloba ( ZiriTadi miznis Sesabamisad moqmedeba)
74. morwmune ( religiuri rwmenisa da Sexedulebebis damcveli );
75. pasuxismgeblobis mqone ( sando, saimedo);
76. cnobismoyvare ( yvelafriT dainteresebuli, maZiebeli);
77. mpatiebeli (sxvaTa mitevebis mosurne);
78. intuicia (alRos aReba sakiTxis zusti codnis gareSe);
79. warmatebis mqone (miznebis mimRwevi).
194
danarTi #5
aRniSneT ramdenad aris damaxasiaTebeli TqvenTvis Semdegi
Tvisebebi (unarebi)
1. realobis gancda (realuri situaciis adeqvaturad aRqma,
zustad Sefaseba).
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
2. sxva adamianTa WeSmariti survilebis wvdoma.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
3. azrovnebis moqniloba, praqtikuli azrovneba (martivi da
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4. sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad realizaciisaken
swrafva (swrafva winsvlisa da ganviTarebisaken).
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
5. sxva adamianebze sasurveli STabeWdilebis moxdena, maTi
ndobis SenarCuneba.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
6. mizandasaxuloba (ZiriTadi miznis Sesabamisad moqmedeba)
195
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
7. azrovnebis originaluroba, SemoqmedebiToba.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
8. intuicia.
-3
aRniSneT ramdenad gsurT gaxasiaTebdeT Semdegi Tvisebebi
(unarebi)
9. sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad realizaciisaken
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10. mizandasaxuloba (ZiriTadi miznis Sesabamisad moqmedeba)
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
11. azrovnebis originaluroba, SemoqmedebiToba.
-3
-2
-1
0
196
1
2
3
12. sxva adamianTa WeSmariti survilebis wvdoma.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
13. intuicia.
-3
14. realobis gancda (realuri situaciis adeqvaturad aRqma,
zustad Sefaseba).
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
15. sxva adamianebze sasurveli STabeWdilebis moxdena, maTi
ndobis SenarCuneba.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
16. azrovnebis moqniloba, praqtikuli azrovneba (martivi da
-3
-2
-1
0
197
1
2
3
danarTi #6
gTxovT SeafasoT Tqvens mier Sesrulebuli savarjiSo Semdegi
maxasiaTeblebis (kriteriumebis) mixedviT
17. ramdenad sasiamovnoa/usiamovnoa savarjiSos Sesruleba.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
18. Tqveni azriT, ramdenad azartulad ganawyobs savarjiSo
Semsrulebels.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
19. Tqveni azriT, ramdenad uwyobs xels savarjiSo
biznesmenisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis aTvisebas.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
20. ramdenad sasargeblod/usargeblod migaCniaT savarjiSos
Sesruleba iseTi Tvisebebis ganviTarebisa da daxvewisaTvis,
rogoricaa:
a) sxva adamianTa WeSmariti survilebis wvdoma.
-3
-2
-1
0
198
1
2
3
b) intuicia.
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
g) realobis gancda (realuri situaciis adeqvaturad aRqma,
zustad Sefaseba).
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
d) azrovnebis moqniloba, praqtikuli azrovneba (martivi da
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
e) sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad realizaciisaken
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
v) sxva adamianebze sasurveli STabeWdilebis moxdena, maTi
ndobis SenarCuneba.
-3
-2
-1
0
199
1
2
3
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
z) azrovnebis originaluroba, SemoqmedebiToba.
T) mizandasaxuloba (ZiriTadi miznis Sesabamisad moqmedeba)
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
21. Tqveni azriT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania msgavsi
savarjiSoebis Seqmna da praqtikaSi danergva sxvadasxva
dargis praqtikos specialistTa mosamzadeblad
-3
-2
-1
0
200
1
2
3
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