trabalho completo - 52ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de

52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Hemograma de equinos submetidos a teste de simulação de vaquejada
Maria Lindomárcia Leonardo da Costa1, Valdiléia Antunes Avelar2, Ayrton Fernandes de Oliveira Bessa3, Gilmara
Rayssa Almeida4, Fábio Júnior Rodrigues Xavier5, Jéssika Silveira Melo dos Santos6, Jorge Eduardo Cavalcante
Lucena7
1
Docente da Universidade Federal da Paraíba [email protected]
Discente do curso de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba [email protected]
3
Discente do curso de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba [email protected]
4
Discente do curso de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba [email protected]
5
Mestrando em Biometria da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco [email protected]
6
Mestranda em Biometria da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco [email protected]
7
Docente da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco [email protected]
2
Resumo: Amostras de sangue são frequentemente obtidas durante os testes de desempenho atlético, sendo o
hemograma um requisito básico de avaliação O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar o hemograma de equinos em
diferentes momentos durante um teste de simulação de vaquejada. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de
Treinamento de Equinos em Pernambuco. Foram utilizados cinco cavalos da raça Quarto de Milha, com função de
puxador na competição de vaquejada. O programa de treinamento semanal foi constituído por exercícios aeróbicos,
simulação da prova de vaquejada com aquecimento prévio e descanso. No dia do teste de avaliação do
condicionamento dos animais foram realizadas três corridas numa distância de 75 metros/cada, com intervalos de
dois minutos. Foi realizado o hemograma dos animais em laboratório. Os momentos de coletas foram: repouso,
imediatamente após o teste (final da terceira corrida), 5, 20 e 50 minutos após o teste. O delineamento experimental
adotado foi em blocos casualizados e foi adotado o teste de Scott-Knott (P<0,05). Foram verificados aumento
(P<0,05) nas concentrações de hemácias e hemoglobina imediatamente após a prova, com retorno aos valores de
repouso 20 minutos após a prova. Foram observadas variações nas concentrações de hemácias, hemoglobina e
linfócitos após o repouso, com um aumento inicial e queda nos momentos seguintes. Os demais parâmetros
sanguíneos não variaram, se mantendo dentro dos limites determinados para espécie.
Palavras-chave: cavalo, condicionamento, esporte
Blood count of equine submitted to vaquejada simulation test
Abstract: Blood samples are often obtained during the athletic performance tests, and complete blood count is a basic
requirement evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the equine blood count at different times over a
vaquejada simulation test. The experiment was conducted at the Equine Training Center in Pernambuco/Brazil. Five
horses of Quarter Horse breed were used in this experiment. They were all athlete horses used in vaquejada
competitions as pullers. The weekly training program consisted of aerobic exercises, and vaquejada simulation tests
with previous warming-up and rest. On the day of the animal conditioning evaluation test, each horse performed three
races over a distance of 75 meters, corresponding to 0.04 miles, with intervals of two minutes. The CBC was
performed in a laboratory. The blood was collected in the moments: resting, immediately after the test (end of the
third race), 5, 20, and 50 minutes after the test. The experimental design was in randomized blocks and was adopted
the Scott-Knott test (P <0.05). Increases were observed (P <0.05) in the concentrations of red blood cells and
hemoglobin immediately after the race, returning to resting values 20 minutes after the race. Variations were observed
at concentrations of red blood cells, hemoglobin and lymphocytes after the rest time, with an initial rise and fall at
the following times. The other blood parameters did not change, remaining within the limits for specie.
Keywords: conditioning, horse, sport
Introduction
An exercise program is able to induce physiological and biochemical adaptations that enable animals to
compete at the highest level and with reduced health hazards. Blood samples are often obtained during the athletic
performance tests, and complete blood count is a basic (CBC) requirement evaluation. The CBC is an important tool
to evaluate the clinical status and assist in monitoring the athletic ability of the horse (Gomez et al., 2004). In horses,
changes in hematological parameters may occur by factors such as exercise, breed, age, gender, temperament and
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
feeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the equine blood count at different times over a vaquejada simulation
test.
Material e Methods
The experiment was conducted at the Equine Training Center in Pernambuco/Brazil. Five clinically healthy
horses were used, aged 4-7 years old, average weight of 450 kg, 3.0 body score according to scale Carroll and
Huntington (1988). The Quarter Horses, which were pullers in the vaquejada competitions, were submitted to the
same handling practices and daily exercise. The weekly training program consisted of aerobic exercises, and
vaquejada simulation test with previous warming-up and rest. On the day of the animal conditioning evaluation test,
each horse performed three races over a distance of 75 meters, corresponding to 0.04 miles, with intervals of two
minutes. Blood samples were collected by puncturing the jugular vein in EDTA tube with 10%. The blood was
collected in the moments: resting, immediately after the test (end of the third race), 5, 20, and 50 minutes after the
test. The tubes were placed in a cooler with temperatures between 2 and 8 ° C, and intended to the laboratory for the
complete blood count. The experimental design was in randomized blocks; animals constituted the blocks and
treatments were the moments of collection. To evaluate the average was adopted the Scott-Knott test (P <0.05). The
Ethics Committee on Animal Use - CEUA / UFRPE, authorized this research under the license number 015/2015,
issued on 03. 23.2015.
Results and Discussion
The most important attribute in blood count of horses is that the amount of circulating red blood cells is very
unstable due to the large stock of red blood cells in the spleen, which shrinks rapidly under the influence of fear,
stress or muscle activity, releasing the red blood cells into the circulation. It was observed (Table 1) an increase in
red blood cells and hemoglobin concentrations immediately after exercise, however the results are within the normal
range described in the literature (Garcia-Navarro, 2005). This increase is related to the release of the adrenalin
sympatic hormone, which increases the splenic concentration and consequently occurs the elevation of RBC flowing
to the bloodstream (Hinchcliff et al., 2004). Results for the MCV and MCHC, showed no differences during training.
The equine species interesting feature is the stability of the MCV (average red blood cell size). As emphasized by
Lopes et al. (2007), the volume of horse erythrocytes is kept within strict limits, even in the presence of diseases, so
that an increase in hematocrit almost certainly corresponds to an increase in the number of RBCs, and not to increase
their volume.
Table 1: Complete blood count of horses in vaquejada simulation test
Variables
TIME (Minutes after the test)
Rest
1
5
20
50
RBC (x106/µL)
7,9 c
10,4 a
9,3 b
8,6 c
8,2 c
Hemoglobin (g/ dL)
12,6 c
17,4 a
15,3 b
13,9 c
13,1 c
MCV (femtoliters)
47,0
50,0
49,1
48,1
47,0
MCHC (picograms)
34,4
33,6
33,8
33,8
34,3
Leukocytes(/mm3)
205,5
218,5
210,8
277,8
150,0
Monocytes(/mm3)
205,5
218,5
210,8
277,8
150,0
Neutrophils(/mm3)
4725,5
5602,5
4823,0
4643,5
4753,5
Lymphocytes(/mm3)
2421,0 a
3336,8 b
3091,0 b
2862,3 b
2394,8 a
Eosinophils(/mm3)
298,0
186,0
306,8
288,8
201,8
Averages followed by different letters in the line represent differences by Scott-Knott test (p <0.05).
VC (%)
8,0
6,9
3,6
1,7
19,5
19,5
16,6
15,6
46,0
Analyzing the fractions of white blood cells series, variations were observed only in the lymphocyte count
after the test and remained until 20 minutes. However, these changes are due most probably to the great efforts of the
animals, since the exercise causes a transient increase in catecholamine concentration in response to hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis. Catecholamine’s promote the mobilization of red blood cells and lymphocytes coming from
the spleen; which does not means an indicative range of pathology in athlete animals, only an increase in these
hormones that are related to the stress suffered by the animals.
Conclusions
The animals showed changes in red blood cells, hemoglobin and lymphocytes after rest, with an initial rise
and fall at the following times. The other blood parameters did not change, remaining within the limits for the specie.
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
References
CARROL, C.L.; HUNTINGTON, P.J. Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses. Equine Veterinary
Journal, v. 20, n.1, p. 41-45, 1988.
GARCÍA-NAVARRO, Carlos Eugênio Kantek. Manual de Hematologia Veterinária. 2.ed. São Paulo: Livraria
Varela, 2005.
GÓMEZ, C.; PETRON, P.; ANDAUR, M. et al. Medición postejercício de variables fisiológicas, hematológicas y
bioquímicas em equinos de salto Holsteiner. Revista Científica, v.14, n.3, p.244-253, 2004.
HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; KANEPS A. J.; GEOR R. J. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders,
2004., 1344p.
LOPES, Sonia Terezinha dos Anjos; BIONDO, Alexander Welker; SANTOS, Andrea Pires dos Santos. Manual de
Patologia Clínica Veterinária. 3. ed. – Santa Maria: UFSM/Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, 2007.
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