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Hyperlinks TEXT 2 UNCOVERING THE TEXT 4 EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY 5 Shutterstock/Paul Paladin Link 1 The Milky Way Link 2 The Crystal Cave of Giants TEXT 6 UNCOVERING THE TEXT 8 EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY 9 COMMUNICATION BYTES 10 1 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 1 05/07/2010 16:21:37 LINK 1 TEXT UNCOVERING THE TEXT NAVIGATION LOG IN 1 Look at the picture. What is the text about? 2 Share your knowledge. What do you know about the Milky Way? Shutterstock /Giovanni Benintende THE MILKY WAY GRAMMAR ITEMS Verb to be: present / past – p. 186 WORD BANK band: faixa believe: crer, acreditar come: vir dwarf: anão encompass: rodear Pluto: Plutão speed: velocidade star: estrela within: dentro de NOTES 2 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 2 05/07/2010 16:21:45 EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY LINK COMMUNICATION BYTES T 1 T02 he Milky W ay is the co mmon nam encompas e for the g ses our sola alaxy that r system. T the band o h e name co f white ligh me t that is see sphere. Th n across th s from e first pers philosophe e celestial on to men r Democrit tion it was us. t h e Greek The Milky W ay is just o ne within the Universe. It of billions of galaxie s containe is believed years old a d to be more nd contain than 13 billi s between on 200 and 40 Scientists e 0 billion st stimate th a rs. at in 3 billio Galaxy will n years, th collide wit e M h il the Androm ky Way is making it eda Galaxy s way tow ards us at , w kilometers hich a speed of per minute a b o ut 1,800 . NINE PLANETS Q: Is Pluto really a planet? A: No. According to the IAU*, Pluto should be classified as a "dwarf planet" a category distinct from regular planets. Q: Are there any other dwarf planets in our solar system? A: Yes. The newly discovered Eris is now classified as a dwarf planet. Ceres, discovered in 1801, is another dwarf planet. The regular planets in our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. *IAU – International Astronomical Union S U R P R IS IN G SECOND BLACK HO WAY'S C E NTER LE FOUND IN M IL KY Astronome rs think th ey have fo very near th und a rare e center of if not uniq the Milky W them in th ue black ho at part of th ay. That w le ould make e galaxy. T to the idea two of he discove that black ry also adds w holes com medium an e in three s eight d large. izes, essen ti a lly small, The newly detected o bject appe black hole ars to be a , packing a n intermed bout 1,300 roughly eq iate mass solar mass ual to the m e s. One sola ass of the r mass is sun. Sources: www.space.com/milkyway/ www.nineplanets.org/intro.html www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_041115.html 3 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 3 05/07/2010 16:21:52 UNCOVERING THE TEXT 1 Reading Strategy: Read the first three paragraphs and find words similar to Portuguese. TOPIC Via Láctea TEXT TYPE Check the correct answer. article common name galaxy solar band celestial sphere Greek billion Universe contain scientists collide kilometers per minute interview philosopher estimate 2 Check the best meaning for the underlined words. 1. The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies contained within the Just = falso Universe. a. exactly b. only biography system cognato; nesse contexto, significa ‘apenas’ 2. Scientists estimate that in 3 billion years, the Milky Way Galaxy will collide. . . a. letter like b. calculate 3 The sentence “The Andromeda Galaxy is making its way towards us” means Por razões de pronúncia e significado, optamos por usar o termo "text type" em vez de "genre". Ver Manual pág. 15. READING STRATEGIES Identifying cognates: Cognatos são palavras com a mesma origem e o mesmo significado. Exemplos: solar, space. Quando elas têm diferentes significados são chamadas falsos cognatos. that: Para habituar o aluno a trabalhar com as palavras essenciais em vez de tentar entender palavra por palavra. a. The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Earth. b. The Andromeda Galaxy is traveling away from the Earth. 4 Underline the words that are essential to the meaning. Scientists estimate that in 3 billion years, the Milky Way Galaxy will collide with the Andromeda Galaxy. 5 Answer the questions. 1. How old is the Milky Way? 13 billion years old 2. Are Eris and Pluto regular planets? No. They are dwarf planets. RELATED ITEMS Multi Wavelength Images of the Milky Way The Structure of the Milky Way 4 3. Who was Democritus? A Greek philosopher FORUM Are we alone in the Universe? LINK 1 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 4 05/07/2010 16:22:02 EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY RESOURCES 1 Find opposites in the text for the highlighted words. first 1. He is always the last person to arrive. 2. My little brother loves the story of Finn McCool, the Good Giant. dwarf common 3. Democritus is an uncommon name, isn’t it? Suffixes Letra ou grupo de letras colocadas no final de uma palavra. Podem criar novas palavras ou mudar seu significado e sua categoria. Exemplos: danger, dangerous, dangerously. 2 Add -y to form adjectives. Then complete the sentences with the appropriate words. milk y rain y sun fun y cloud y sleep y noise y cream y wind y dream y fog gy flower y 1. It’s a sunny 2. I get sad on cloudy/rainy sleepy Spelling Quando se adiciona o sufixo -y nas palavras terminadas em vogal/ consoante, dobra-se a consoante. Exemplo: fog – foggy. day! Let’s go to the beach! days. 3. You should read this book. It’s very 4. I am ny funny . today because I danced all night long. 3 The words below are related to Astronomy. Check the ones you know. Are they cognates? Answers will vary. atmosphere asteroid astronaut nebula astronomy constellation eclipse orbit falling star galaxy meteor Sun meteorite meteor shower moon star planet satellite Zodiac Os cognatos são mais comuns na área científica porque a maioria das palavras vem do Latim. For other words related to Astronomy, go to: www.enchantedlearning. com/dictionarysubjects/ astronomy.shtml For further information about suffixes, go to: www.sk.com.br/sk-morfo. html PERSONAL PRODUCTION Write some sentences about three of your friends. Answers will vary. (he / person / mention) He was the first person to mention my name. . . 1. she / girl / read 2. we / people / think about 3. they / guys / plan LINK 1 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 5 5 05/07/2010 16:22:09 LINK 2 TEXT UNCOVERING THE TEXT NAVIGATION LOG IN 1 Look at the picture. Is the text about outer space? What is the text about? 2 Share your knowledge. What do you know about the Sistine Chapel? What do you know about giant crystals? THE CRYSTAL CAVE OF GIANTS T03 [1] mine. It was first discovered in 1794. [2] In April 2000, two brothers were drilling a new tunnel when they discovered a crystal cave. Inside it there are some of the largest natural crystals on Earth: weighing up to 55 tons. [3] It is “the Sistine Chapel of crystals,” says the geologist García-Ruiz. [4] When entering the mine you get helmets, lanterns, rubber boots, and gloves. A truck drives you approximately 1,000* feet down and almost half a mile along. The temperature and humidity get extremely uncomfortable. [5] At the end of a tunnel there is the aperture of the cavern itself. The cavern has an impressive cathedral-like appearance. The heat is so intense, one can only remain inside for a short period of time. [6] Geologists report that there is a magma chamber two to three miles below the mountain. The heat from this lava travels up into the mine and super-heated fluids form the crystals. In the cave, you feel the heat from the magma deep below. [7] “There is no other place on the planet,” García-Ruiz said, “where the mineral world reveals itself in such beauty.” GRAMMAR ITEMS There is / There are – There was / There were – p. 188 WORD BANK appearance: aparência cave: caverna deep: fundo, profundo drill: perfurar feel: sentir heat: calor largest: a maior remain: permanecer uncomfortable: desconfortável NOTES The Naica Mine of Chihuahua, Mexico, is a working * 1 foot = 0.3048 meters Sources: www.crystalinks.com/mexicocrystals.html http://garciaruiz.com/JuanMa.html http://thehouseofcrystals.com 6 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 6 05/07/2010 16:22:16 COMMUNICATION BYTES LINK 2 Javier Trueba/MSF/Science Photo Libary /SPL DC Latinstock EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY 7 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 7 05/07/2010 16:22:25 UNCOVERING THE TEXT 1 Answer the questions. 1. Is the temperature in the mine comfortable? TOPIC Cristais / Cavernas No, it is very hot and humid 2. What is there below the crystal cave? A magma chamber. 3. Are there many similar places on Earth? TEXT TYPE No, there are not. Check the correct answer. biography 2 Find the paragraphs that contain the following information: 1. the mine location blog report interview 1st paragraph 2. what is inside the cave 2nd 3. the appearance of the cave 5th 4. how the crystals are formed 6th 5. the geologist’s opinions Fazer com que o aluno localize a ideia principal de um parágrafo ou texto. Levar o aluno a perceber que não é preciso entender todas as palavras para entender o texto. 3rd and 7th 3 Underline the words that are essential to the meaning. READING STRATEGIES Talking about the theme: Trocar ideias sobre o assunto de um texto vai ampliar seu conhecimento sobre o tema e prepará-lo melhor para a leitura. RELATED ITEMS Volcano Volcano Vocabulary Parts of a Volcano 8 In April 2000, two brothers were drilling a new tunnel when they discovered a crystal cave. Inside it there are some of the largest natural crystals on Earth. 4 Read the paragraph below and find eight cognates. At the end of a tunnel there is the aperture of the cavern itself. The cavern has an impressive cathedral-like appearance. The heat is so intense one can only remain inside for a short period of time. tunnel cavern cathedral intense aperture impressive appearance period Nesse exercício, o aluno deve perceber a presença dos cognatos e as semelhanças entre as duas línguas. Esse tipo de observação o auxiliará a desvendar o texto. FORUM Why does the geologist compare the cave to the Sistine Chapel? LINK 2 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 8 05/07/2010 16:22:32 EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY RESOURCES 1 Find words with similar meaning in the text. 1. A truck drives you almost 1,000 feet down. approximately 2. The temperature in the mine is not comfortable. uncomfortable cavern/chamber 3. There are crystals in the room. 2 Add -ly to form adverbs. Then complete the sentences with the appropriate words. entire entirely extreme approximate approximately angry dangerously dangerous extremely 1. She was extremely angrily frequently frequent sad after the funeral. angrily 2. He shouted at me . approximately 3. The bank is not far– inside on up to 1. They discovered the largest crystals 2. The temperature 3. A bus can drive you 4. Inside in down down below on Earth. New York was 10˚C below zero. the road. the cave the temperature can go up to 1. 2. Preposition Indica a relação entre elementos mencionados na sentença. Exemplo: She walks around the lagoon. 50˚C. 4 Match the words from the box to their definitions. Geology Spelling Ao receber o sufixo -ly: • palavras terminadas em -e perdem o -e: comfortable – comfortably • palavras terminadas em consoante + y, troca o -y por -i: angry – angrily. two blocks down the street. 3 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions from the box. in Suffixes O sufixo -ly transforma adjetivos em advérbios. Exemplos: gentle – gently, kind – kindly. Geography Geography is the study of the earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena. For further information about prepositions, go to: www.englishpage. com/prepositions/ prepositions.html Geology is the study of the earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. PERSONAL PRODUCTION Describe three places in your neighborhood. Answers will vary. At the end of the road At the end of the road there is a park. . . . 1. At the end of the street . . . 2. Near my house . . . 3. In front of my school . . . LINK 2 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 9 9 05/07/2010 16:22:37 NET COOKIES Shutterstock/D avid5962 Role Play: Practice this situation with a partner. Then exchange roles. Use the conversation above as a model. You’re new in town and need to buy a present for your mother. Ask your neighbor for help. ck/Factoria A: Excuse me. Where is the painting The Last Judgment by Michelangelo? B: Oh, it’s a fresco inside the Sistine Chapel. Walk along this alley. At the end of the alley turn left and then left again. A: Left and left? B: Yes. The painting is on the wall behind the altar. A: Thanks a lot. B: You’re welcome. Singular Fo tografia T04 Shuttersto CHATTING — Asking for directions Read the text below. Vatican Museum and Sistine Chapel Hours From April 1 to October 31: 8.45–16.45 From November 1 to March 31: 8.45–13.45 Closed all Sundays and holidays, except for the last Sunday of the month when the museum is open with free admission. Source: http://www.christusrex.org Now visit the link and talk to your partner. What is this site about? What languages is it written in? Would you like to visit the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel? Why?/Why not? This site is about matters concerning God and other religious sites. It is written in English and Latin. Answers will vary. 10 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 10 05/07/2010 16:22:45 Review • links 1 and 2 1 Check the correct answers to fill in the blanks. 1. The Sun heats the a. volcano Earth 2. The Naica Mine in Mexico is a. a type of museum a glacial mine hot-like discovers 6. Your uncle a. to have b. has 7. There last night. a. were b. was 8. How many planets solar system? a. are b. 9. There a. b. 10. There a. b. is are is are have appearance. cathedral-like house-like d. to discover c. . large d. intense a beautiful house. c. haves d. have many people at the concert c. are d. is rmakin rubber a working mine the caves in 2000. c. discover 5. Inside the mine the heat is a. low b. c. d. 4. The miners a. discovered b. c. . a chapel d. 3. The cavern has an impressive a. volcano-like b. mine k/Andrey Bu b. d. Shutterstoc b. by sending its rays across the space. c. crystal there in the c. were d. was nothing better than fresh water. c. aren’t d. isn’t a huge truck and two motorcycles in front of my gate. c. is d. has 11 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 11 05/07/2010 16:22:56 Review • links 1 and 2 2 Complete the paragraph with the correct words from the box below. 1. a. is b. was c. were 2. a. special b. specially c. actual 3. a. in b. on c. at 4. a. dangerous b. dangerously c. danger 5. a. below b. outside c. up to Global warming is perhaps the most complicated (1) issue that world leaders have to face nowadays. The scientific community has been warning society about the buildup of humanrelated greenhouse gases for a long time. These gases are produced specially by the burning of fossil fuels and forests. (2) As a result, the average temperature on Earth (3) has been increasing and several variations in natural phenomena have been observed. Global warming will cause sea levels to rise and will expand subtropical deserts, which can be very dangerous . (4) Some reports say that temperatures may rise up to (5) 6.4°C during the 21 st century. 3 How many words related to Astronomy can you remember? Answers will vary. Planets Milky Way 12 M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 12 05/07/2010 16:23:07