biomeurneoba

biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
mcenareebi,,
saR garemoSi jansaRi mcenareebi
cxovroben..
cxovelebi da admianebi cxovroben
mkurnaloba mxolod maSin xdeba
gardauvali,, rodesac adamianebi qmnian
gardauvali
garemos..
arajansaR garemos
fukuoka,, “erTi Reri namjis revolucia”
revolucia”
masanobu fukuoka
biomeurneoba
daშვებულია
daშვებულია მასალის გამოყენება,
გამოყენება, ციტირება,
ციტირება, გავრცელება და გამრავლება მხოლოდ
არაკომერციული მიზნით,
მიზნით, ავტორის მითითების პირობით
bio (organuli, ekologiuri –
sinonimebia) agrowarmoeba
sasoflo--sameurneo
sasoflo
produqciis warmoebis,
gadamuSavebisa da gasaRebis
mowesrigebuli sistemaa.
es gaxlavT sakvebi
produqtebis ekologiurad da
socialurad usafrTxo,
efeqturi warmoeba.
1
biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomeurneoba
iTvaliswinebs mcenareebis,
cxovelebisa da landSaftebis
bunebriv warmadobas.
igi mimarTulia
agrowarmoebis marTvis
xarisxis gaumjobesebasa
gaumjobesebasa da
garemos SenarCunebaze.
biomeurneobaSi
mkveTrad SezRudulia sawarmoo
saSualebebis garedan Semotana,
rogorc wesi,
wesi, ar gamoiyeneba qimiuri
nivTierebebi (sinTezuri sasuqebi,
veterinaruli preparatebi, mcenareTa
dacvis saSualebebi da sakvebi
danamatebi);
danamatebi);
piriqiT, niadagis nayofierebis,
cxovelebisa da mcenareebis
janmrTelobis asamaRleblad da
mTlianad meurneobis mdgradobisaTvis,
rogorc wesi, misdeven bunebis kanonebs.
2
biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomeurneobebi
mTel msoflioSi principulad
msgavsi wesebis dacviT ewevian
meurneobas.
umniSvnelo cvlilebebi
gamowveulia adgilobrivi
socialursocialur-ekonomikur
ekonomikuri,
geoklimaturi da kulturuli
TaviseburebebiT.
TaviseburebebiT.
biomeurneobebis
sayovelTao standarti daadgina
da miiRo “ekologiuri soflis
meurneobis moZraobis
saerTaSoriso federaciam
federaciam”
am”
(IFOAM
IFOAM--ma),
ma),
romelic mxars uWers
damoukidebel sistemebs
adgilobriv da regionalur
doneze.
doneze.
3
biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
FIBL Frick/Switzerland Research Institute for
Organic Agriculture
13.07.2010
Organic Farming Website
of the European
Commission, DG Agri
IBDF - Division of
the
Forschungsring
(research &
development)
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
germania
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
Salamita
italia
poloneTi
Unit for Certification of Organic
Production PNG in Zajaczków
Association Polskie Towarzystwo
Rolnictwa Ekologicznego (PTRE)
in Lublin
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomeurneobis cikli
memcenareobis produqcia
naleqi
mecxoveleobis
produqcia
Sinauri cxovelebi
atmosferuli
azotis fiqsireba
Teslbrunva
safuraJe
marcvlovnebi +
parkosnebi
tenis
Sekaveba
balax.
narevi
meurneoba
komposti
parkosnebi
Zirxve- xorbl
euli
nebi
agrowarmoebis xarisxis
marTva, dagegmva
nayofieri niadagi
niadagis organizmebis
cxovelmyofeloba
niadagis organizmebis
mravalferovneba
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
dResdReobiT soflis meurneoba
bunebis dabinZurebis erTerT-erTi
mTavari wyaroa:
jamuri dabinZurebis daaxloebiT
1/3 modis ekonomikis agrarul
seqtorze.
amgvari situacia paradoqsulia,
vinaidan es dargi ZiriTadad mzis
ufaso energias moixmars!
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
adamianebis
saqmianobis sxva
saxeobebs, romlebic
dakavSirebulia
materialuri
obieqtebis
warmoebasTan,
sWirdeba wiaRiseuli
saTbobis energia.
dedamiwaze rac ki wiaRiseuli
saTbobis maragia _ mTeli
navTobi, gazi, naxSiri _ Seicavs
imden energias, ramdensac Cvens
planetas aniWebs mzis gamosxiveba
mxolod 30 dRis (erTi Tvis)
ganmavlobaSi.
mcenareebis mSrali nivTierebis
daaxloebiT 95%_is sinTezi mzis
sinaTlis energiis daxmarebiT
mimdinareobs.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
magram garemos
dabinZureba
rodia dRevandeli
soflis
meurneobis
erTaderTi
problema:
miuxedavad ufro da ufro
mzardi finansuri dabandebebisa:
• mcirdeba yvela saxis mosavali;
• uaresdeba warmoebuli produqciis
xarisxi;
• izrdeba produqciis
TviTRirebuleba;
• agrowarmoeba rCeba saqmianobis
erTerT-erTi yvelaze Sromatevad
sferod da
• igi yvelaze nakleb uzrunvelyofs
Tavisi muSakebis socialur
daculobas.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
momgebiani sameurneo warmoebis
intensiuri meTodebis gamoyenebas
Tan sdevs:
sdevs:
• miwis degradacia;
• niadagis, wylisa da haeris
dabinZureba;
• biomravalferovnebis
Semcireba;
• gmogmo-sagan momdinare
ekologiuri saSiSroeba.
• uaresdeba saarsebo
pirobebi,
• izrdeba danaxarjebi,
romlebic unda moxmardes
medicinas da
• darRveuli ekosistemebis
aRdgenas
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
realoba
biomeurneoba
warmoadgens alternativas
dRevandeli soflis
meurneobisaTvis,
romelic uaxloes
perspeqtivaSi ubralod veRar
iarsebebs.
globaluri ekosistema veRar
gauZlebs mzard datvirTvas.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
perspeqtiva
sazogadoeba
warmoeba
xarisxi
Sesabamisoba
efeqturoba
ekonomiuroba
legitimuroba (misaRebia
miznobrivi jgufisaTvis “sakuTari
Tavis sxvisi TvaliT danaxva”)
mdgradoba (sicocxlisunarianoba)
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
wyali
haeri
sakvebi
urTierToba
sivrce
sxva (adgili mzis
adamianebTan
qveS)
warmoadgens Tu ara
biomeurneoba
CamoTvlili elementebis
xarisxTan da mdgradobasTan
dakavSirebuli problemebis
gadaWris realur
perspeqtivas
(an Tundac erTerT-erT
perspeqtivas)?
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
nebismieri meurneoba arsebobs
garkveul garemoSi da masze
moqmedeben sxvadasxva faqtorebi.
es faqtorebi 3 tipisaa:
bunebrivi
garemo
meurneobis Sida
faqtorebi
codna,
miswrafebebi,
xasiaTi da sxva
socialuri garemo
meurne
bunebrivi
faqtorebi
socialuri
faqtorebi
meurneoba
qveyanaSi moqmedi
kanonmdebloba,
agropolitika, bazari
bunebrivi
kanonzomierebebi
es faqtorebi ar unda
ewinaaRmdegebodnen erTmaneTs
mdgradi meurneoba sicocxlisunariania da stabilurad
viTardeba
efeqturi meurneoba mdgradia
imisaTvis, rom meurneoba iyos mdgradi, meurne samive
faqtors unda iTvaliswinebdes
• mdgradobisaTvis saWiroa TanamSromloba da
ara konfliqti:
Cveulebrivi meurne
konfliqti
biomeurne
garemo
TanamSromloba
garemo
buneba
buneba
bazari
(sociumi)
bazari
(sociumi)
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
b i o m e u r n e o b i s
mizani:
meurneoba unda iyos mdgradi da momgebiani
p r i n c i p e b i:
meurne unda
iTvaliswinebdes
bunebis
kanonzomierebebs da
ufrTxildebodes mis
resursebs
meurneoba unda
iyos
SeZlebisdagvarad
damoukidebeli
meurne unda iyos
mzad
kooperirebisaTvis
es principebi aisaxeba zemoT
ganxilul samive faqtorSi:
• meurneobis Sida faqtori:
faqtori:
yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtoria
ara moyvanis teqnika, aramed
fermeris cnobiereba.
masanobu fukuoka “erTi Reri namjis revolucia”
meurnem unda gamoiyenos Tavisi “Sansis yoveli
misxali,” raTa meurneoba maqsimalurad efeqturi
gaxados (meurneobis yvela resursi unda iyos
gamoyenebuli).
gaiTvaleT Tqveni moqmedebis xangrZlivi Sedegebi.
Sedegebi.
gaanalizeT Tqveni meurneoba:
meurneoba:
ra maqvs?
maqvs?
ras da rogor vakeTeb?
vakeTeb?
eZieT problemebis gadalaxvis gzebi da ara Tavad
problemebi.
problemebi.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
socialuri :
• erideT moklevadian Zvir investiciebs
• ecadeT, maqsimalurad moergoT bazars,
risTvisac jer SeecadeT, gasceT pasuxi Semdeg
kiTxvebs:
ra vawarmoo? ras gavyidi ukeT?
ramdeni vawarmoo? ramdens movixmar? ramdens
gavyidi?
ra SeiZleba gavakeTo sxvanairad, rom:
Semimcirdes gasavali da gamezardos
Semosavali?
raMmWirdeba amisaTvis? aqedan ra aris am
etapze xelmisawvdomi?
• daexmareT xalxs sameurneo damoukideblobis
mopovebaSi da xeli SeuwyveT jgufuri
pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas.
bunebrivi:
bunebrivi:
• gaanalizeT Tqvens meurneobaSi arsebuli
bunebrivi faqtorebi, risTvisac jer SeecadeT
gasceT pasuxi Semdeg kiTxvebs:
ra bunebrivi resursebi momepoveba? rogor
SeiZleba gamoviyeno arsebuli bunebrivi
resursebi ufro efeqturad?
rogor SeiZleba gamoviyeno bunebrivi
kanonzonierebebi?
rogori da ra produqti vawarmoo?
rogor gavzardo Cemi produqciis xarisxi da
odenoba?
• gaiTvaliswineT adgilobrivi tradiciuli
codna.
• gamoiyeneT bunebrivi (mze, qari da wyali) da
biologiuri (mcenareebi da cxovelebi)
sistemebi energiis SenarCunebisa da
warmoebisaTvis.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
bunebrivi:
bunebrivi:
• SeZlebisdagvarad gamoiyeneT adgilobrivi
saxeobebi (jiSebi) an is saxeobebi (jiSebi),
romelTa Sesaxeb winaswar cnobilia, rom
mocemul pirobebs moergebian. potenciurad
agresiuli saxeobebis aragonivrul gamoyenebas
SesaZloa garemos balansis darRveva mohyves.
• maqsimalurad efeqturad isargebleT Tqveni
miwis nakveTiT. SeimuSaveTYmcirezomiani,
energoefeqturi, intensiuri sistemebi, nacvlad
didi zomis, eqstensiuri sistemebisa, romlebic
energiis did raodenobas moiTxoven.
• praqtikaSi gamoiyeneT saxeobaTa
mravalferovneba, moaSeneT polikultura
(monokulturis sapirispirod). es
uzrunvelyofs mdgradobas da saSualebas
iZleva mzad iyoT rogorc ekologiuri, ise
ekonomikuri da socialuri cvlilebebisaTvis.
bunebrivi:
bunebrivi:
• gazardeT warmoebuli produqtebis
mravalferovneba; gaiTvaliswineT meurneobis mier
warmoebuli produqtebis saerTo jami, romelic
moicavs erTwlovan da mravalwlovan mcenareebs,
marcvlovan da parkosan kulturebs, mcenareebsa
da cxovelebs. dazogili energiac ganixileT,
rogorc warmoebuli produqti.
• regularulad dargeT xeebi da izruneT niadagis
bunebrivi nayofierebis aRdgenaze.
• yvela bunebrivi resursebiT
isargebleT optimalurad da
gamoiyeneT narCenebi.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomeurneois
mokle istoria
“...gjeraT Tu ara, - magram swored
soflis meurneoba, matrialisturi
msjflxedvelobis gavlenis gamo,
yvelaze yfro Zlierad CamoSorda
gonivrul princi pebs.
da cota vin icis, rom ukanakneli
aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi adgili
aqvs sasoflo sameurneo
produqtis degradacias, romlebic
adamians sicocxles unarCuneben.
da es degradacia Zalzed swrafad
viTardeba”.
rudolf Staineri
soflis meurneobis kursi.
kobervici, breslau, 1924w
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
informacia gansjisaTvis
ras fiqrobT biomeurneobis aseTnair
gansazRvrebebze:
• biomeurneoba Tavs uyris Zvel
Zvel,,
gamocdilebas,,
ukve nacad gamocdilebas
uaxles mecnierul codnas da
meurneobas ise harmoniulad
garemoSi,, rom bunebas
rTavs garemoSi
aqcevs..
Tavis megobrad aqcevs
• biomeurneoba aris meurneobis
sistema,,
efeqturad warmarTvis sistema
romelic pativs scems bunebas da
Rirsebas..
adamianis Rirsebas
bunebis kanonebi
• “bunebis kanonebis ugulvebelyofa
dausjeli ar rCeba.
• bunebis nebismieri principis darRveva
savalalo Sedegebis gareSe ar
Caivlis.
• SeuZlebelia bunebrivi
kanonzomierebis uxeSma darRvevam
safrTxis winaSe ar daayenos adamiani.
• samyaroSi sakuTari adgilis
gansazRvra – aucilebeli pirobaa
adamianis arsebobisaTvis.
• hans peter ruSi “niadagis nayofiereba –
biologiuri azrovnebis kvleva”
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
• naturaluri – niSnavs bunebis
kanonebis anu bunebisgan nasesxebi
principebis Sesabamiss.
• bunebis kanonebi – es ar aris
moraluri mcnebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ra vakeToT an ar vakeToT.
• es aris kanonebi, romlebic
moqmedeben bunebaSi da efuZnebian
mizezmizez-Sedegobriv urTierTkavSirebs.
• am kanonebis darRveva SeuZlebelia,
isini zedmiwevniT, zustad aRweren
da xsnian samyaroSi mimdinare yvela
movlenas. ramdenjerac vaSls
gadaagdeb, igi ecema.
• es bunebis kanonia.
ekosistema
es termini SemoRebul iqna
ingliseli botanikosis
a. tenslis mier (1935),
romliTac man gansazRvra
nebismieri erTad mcxovrebi
organizmebisa da
maTi garemos erToblioba.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
ekosistema
yoveli metmet-naklebad mTliani
bunebrivi Tu xelovnuri
warmonaqmni, romelSic aris
sicocxle (mag.: gube, tba, zRva,
tye, bostani, mdelo, venaxi,
yana) garkveuli TvalTaxedviT
erTnairadaa "mowyobili" da
erTnairad "muSaobs", qmediTobs.
ekosistema
• daedamiwaze arsebuli
yvela organizmi da maTi
saarsebo garemo agreTve
warmoadgens umaRlesi
rangis ekosistemas –
biosferos
• ekosistemebi biosferos
ZiriTadi struqturuli
erTeulebia
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
ekosistema
ekosistemis mokle formula:
ekosistema =
= organizmTa erToba +
+ garemo pirobebi +
maT Soris arsebuli
urTierTkavSirebi
ekosistema
• yvela ekosistema
urTierT msgavsi
principiT "muSaobs".
• ekosistemis Semadgenel
nawilebs (elementebs)
Soros rTuli kavSirebi
arsebos.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
ekosistema
nebismieri
ekosistemis
yovel cocxal
da aracocxal
elements
Soris
ganuwyvetliv
mimdinareobs
nivTierebebisa
da energiis
mimocvla.
• es
mimocvlis
procesebi
arsebiTad
erTgvarovania
yvela
ekosistemaSi.
ekosistema
nebismieri
ekosistema
miT ufro
mdgradia,
mdgradia,
rac ufro
met
urTierTdaurTierTdakavSirebul
elements
Seicavs
anu,
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
ekosistema
ekosistemis
mdgradobas misi
mravalferovneba
gansazRvravs.
biomravalferovneba
mravalferovneba
bunebis arsebobis ZiriTadi kanonzomierebaa.
kanonzomierebaa.
Cvens irgvliv samyaro mravalferovania
mravalferovneba aris progresi
• raime axali SeiZleba Seiqmnas
maSin,, rodesac arseboben
mxolod maSin
sxvadasxvanairi
atomebi, azrebi, ideebi, kulturebi, genoti pebi,
teqnologiebi da sxva.
Tu irgvliv yvelaferi
erTnairia (erTgvaria), saidan
unda gaCndes raime axali?
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomravalferovneba
mravalferovneba aris mdgradoba
• erTnairi elementebisagan Semdgari sistema hgavs
qviSas plaJze. igi inarCunebs formas mxolod
Semdeg talRamde.
rTul sistemas,
sistemas, gare
faqtorebis
zemoqmedebaze
winaaRmdegobis gawevis
unars sZens
funqcionalurad
sxvadasxva elementebis
urTierTSeTanxmebuli
moqmedeba.
moqmedeba.
Tu
romeli sistema (nageboba)
ufro mdgradia?
biomravalferovneba
mravalferovneba aris sicocxle
• Cven vcxovrobT TaobaTa
monacvleobiT,
monacvleobiT, mxolod
imitom,
imitom, rom yvelas aqvs
sxvadasxva genotipi
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomravalferovneba
• biofermeri unda cdilobdes,
rom misi meurneoba da
meurneobis yoveli elementi
(mdelo, yana, baRi, bostani,
boseli da sxva) gaxados
maqsimalurad mravalferovani,
rom mis meurneobas moepovebodes:
• ganviTarebis unari
• mdgradoba
• sasisocxlo Zalebi
informacia
gansjisaTvis
rodesac adamiani spobs mcenareebisa da
cxovelebis saxeobebs – mTlianad da
samudamod, anadgurebs bunebriv
mravalferovnebas da amavdroulad uzarmazar
fuls xarjavs klonirebaze, raTa xelovnurad
Seqmnas erTnairi arsebebi da Tanac amas eZaxis
bioteqnologias, momavlis mecnierebas,
romelsac ukavSirebs Tavis arsebobis
momavalsa da imeds, ra perspeqtiva elis mas?
Tu moispo mravalferovneba Cven davkargavT:
ganviTarebis unars,
mdgradobas,
sicocxles.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomravalferovnebis 3
tipi:
• saarsebo garemos
mravalferovneba – ekosistemebi
da landSaftebi;
• saxeobaTa mravalferovneba –
cxovelTa, mcenareTa da
umartivesTa saxeobebi;
• genetikuri mravalferovneba –
genebi.
biomravalferovneba
• mravalferovneba mniSvnelovania ara
marto biologiuri TvalsazrisiT.
socialur sferoSi did rols
TamaSobs kulturuli
mravalferovneba, romelic aisaxeba
adamianebis urTierTobebSi yvela
doneze.
“kulturuli mravalferovneba iseve aucilebelia
adamianobisaTvis,
adamianobisaTvis, rogorc biomravalferovneba
bunebisaTvis,
bunebisaTvis, vinaidan igi warmoadgens mimocvlis,
mimocvlis,
siaxlisa da Semoqmedebis wyaros”.
wyaros”.
sayovelTao deklaracia kulturuli mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb.
iunesko
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomravalferovneba
• biomravalferovneba yvelganaa. igi
moicavs tyes, tbebs, mdinareebs,
mindvrebs, marcvlovan kulturebs,
Sinaur cxovelebs, mikroorganizmebs
da a.S.
• dedamiwaze biomravalferovneba
araTanabradaa ganawilebuli.
• evropaSi maRali biomravalferovnebiT
gamoirCeva xmelTaSua zRvis regioni
(espaneTi, safrangeTi, italia,
saberZneTi, TurqeTi, bulgareTi,
ukraina, saqarTvelo). mag.: am regionSi
mcenareebis 5.000 endemuri saxeobaa,
romelic mxolod am qveynebSi izrdeba.
biomravalferovnebis roli:
buneba Zalian rTuli da
gawonasworebuli
sistemaa, romelic uamrav
urTierTdamokidebul
elements Seicavs.
am balansis darRveva
iwvevs savalalo Sedegebs.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomravalferovneba
ganapirobebs:
ganapirobebs:
• biologiuri sistemis
funqcionalur mTlianobas
• bunebaSi yoveli saxeoba da
yoveli saarsebo garemo
asrulebs..
garkveul rols asrulebs
vinaidan isini
urTierTdakavSirebulebi
arian,, romelime erTis
arian
mospobas SesaZloa
sxvadasxva saxis
mohyves..
negatiuri Sedegi mohyves
biomravalferovneba
ganapirobebs:
ganapirobebs:
• aseTma funqcionalurma amovardnam
SeiZleba sxva funqcionaluri
amovardnebi gamoiwvios da
mTlianad daangrios sistema.
• aman SesaZloa adamianisaTvis
Zalzed mniSvnelovani funqciebis
uzrunvelyofa Seaferxos
• adamianebisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi
funqciebia: sakvebisa da wamlebis
warmoeba, niadagis meqanikuri
stabiluroba, atmosferos
Semadgenlobis da klimatis
SenarCuneba da sxva.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
biomravalferovneba
ganapirobebs:
ganapirobebs:
• cvalebadi pirobebisadmi sistemis
Seguebis unari
• garemos cvalebadoba aiZulebs
biologiur sistemas Seeguos
Secvlil pirobebs. Tu romelime
saxeoba raime mizezis gamo ispoba,
misi roli sxva saxeobam unda
ikisros. mocemul konteqstSi,
cxadia, rom rac ufro
mravalferovania garemo, miT ufro
“umtkivneulod” Caivlis es procesi.
• biomeurneoba
• ufro Seesatyviseba bunebriv ciklebs,
igi qmnis xelovnur ekosistemebs,
romlebic maqsimalurad emsgavsebian
bunebrivs: yana mindvris Sesatyvisia,
baRi tyes Seesatyviseba.
• ekosistemis menejmenti - ekologiuri
midgomis ZiriTadi principia, xolo
ekosistema farTo gagebiT moiazreba.
• ekosistema Tavis TavSi moicavs
socialur sferosac da ekonomikasac.
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
magaliTebi :
monokulturebi soflis meurneobaSi:
• monokulturebi ☯ kulturebis seleqciuri jiSebi
☯ dabali genetikuri mravalferovneba ☯
xasiaTdebian naklebi gamZleobiT daavadebebis da
mavneblebis mimarT ☯ qimiuri preparatebi ☯
garemos dsabinZureba ☯ Selaxuli janmrTeloba ☯
niadagis darRveuli struqtura
magaliTebi :
biomravalferovnebis mniSvneloba Savi zRvisaTvis:
46°
42°
Russia
arabiologiuri
soflissoflis-meurneoba
Black Sea
rewvis aragonivrulma
warmoebam mkveTrad
Seamcira samrewvelo
Tevzis odenoba.
dabinZureba
navTobproduqtebis
gaJonvisagan
tankerebi
GEORGIA
dabinZureba
terminali
balasturi
wylebiT
Semosuli
organizmebi,
romlebic
Tevzs
unadgurebs
sakvebs
qimiuri
preparatebis
narCenebisagan
Tbilisi
Sedegad iRupeba
Tevzi!
Armenia
Georgia
Turkey
Sedegad meTevze rCeba
umuSevari!
Azerbaijan
Ozero Sevan
Yerevan
Tevzebis komerciuli
saxeobebis raodenoba
Semcirda 4848-dan 66-mde,
xolo Tevzwarmoeba
400 000 tt-dan daeca 50
000 tt-mde. uamravma
xalxma dakarga
samsaxuri. zarali
yovelwliurad asobiT
milion dolars
Seadgens.
Iran
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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia
13.07.2010
madloba yuradRebisaTvis!
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