AULA 9 - Grou.ps

Transcrição

AULA 9 - Grou.ps

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – CURSO REGULAR
PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO
AULA 9
THE FUTURE SIMPLE
A conjugação do future simple com o auxiliar will é fácil. Veja como
conjugamos os verbos to walk (r.v.) (= andar, caminhar) e to give
(i.v.) (= dar)
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
I will walk
You will walk
He will walk
She will walk
It will walk
We will walk
You will walk
They will walk
I will give
You will give
He will give
She will give
It will give
We will give
You will give
They will give
Como se observa conjuga-se o futuro simples tanto de um verbo regular
quanto de um irregular usando o auxiliary ‘will’ seguido do unmarked
infinitive (without to) of the principal verb.
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
I will not walk
You will not walk
He will not walk
She will not walk
It will not walk
We will not walk
You will not walk
They will not walk
I will not give
You will not give
He will not give
She will not give
It will not give
We will not give
You will not give
They will not give
Para formar estruturas negativas basta colocar ‘not’ logo após o auxiliar
‘will’.
NB: will not or won’t
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
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QUESTIONS
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
I walk?
you walk?
he walk?
she walk?
it walk?
we walk?
you walk?
they walk?
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
I give?
you give?
he give?
she give?
it give?
we give?
you give?
they give?
Basta inverter o auxiliar will com o sujeito para formar a interrogativa.
Não há tradução para este auxiliar em português.
USES OF THE FUTURE SIMPLE
a) The future simple with will
a.1) To express simple futurity or determination.
Para expressar ação futura simples ou determinação.
I will be in Paris next year.
Estarei em Paris no ano que vem.
(Phone ringing) I’ll get it. (I’ll answer it)
O telefone toca) Eu atendo!
a.2) To express promises, offers or predictions.
Para expressar promessas, ofertas e previsões.
Can I borrow $ 20 from you? I will pay you next week. (I promise)
Pode me emprestar $20? Pagarei a você na semana que vem.
(Promessa)
It will be hard to cope with inflation. (So I predict)
Será difícil enfrentar a inflação. (Assim prevejo)
We will help you with those heavy suitcases. (offer)
Nós ajudaremos você com suas malas pesadas. (oferta)
b) With ‘be going to’ (future substitute) - tem-se o present simple
of the verb to be + going to
Joseph is going to study English this afternoon. (He intends to do so)
Joseph vai estudar inglês à tarde. (Ele pretende, está decidido a fazê-lo)
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I’m going to do some shopping tomorrow morning. (I decided so)
Vou fazer compras amanhã de manhã. (Assim o decidi)
Não se esqueça de que o future simple pode ser também expresso por
meio de:
I) verb in the present simple
My plane leaves at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.
Meu avião parte (partirá) às 8h amanhã de manhã.
II) verb in the present continuous
Lucia is coming to visit us next week.
Lucia virá nos visitar na semana que vem.
III) by some modal verbs such as: can, may
I can come early tomorrow morning if you need me.
Posso (poderei) vir cedo amanhã se precisar de mim.
Tomorrow it may be too late. We must act now.
Amanha poderá ser muito tarde. Temos que agir agora.
Aqueles que tem formação em inglês britânico sabem que os ingleses
usam o auxiliar shall nas 1as pessoas do singular e do plural. Em
American English ‘shall’ é usado em alguns casos. Por exemplo:
a) na formação da question tag com let’s.
Let’s change the subject of our talk, shall we?
b) quando se faz uma solicitação ou convite.
Shall I open the window for you? (=Do you want me to open it for you?)
Quer que eu abra a janela para você?
c) há também o uso mais formal de shall para fazer ameaças.
They shall not invade our country.
Eles não invadirão nosso país.
You shall pay for your crime.
Você pagará pelo seu crime.
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Text 1: Petrobrás rules out investing in Bolivia
5
10
15
20
Petrobras decided that it will not invest any more money in the project
to expand Bolivian gas production, informed the director of the company's
International Area, Nestor Cerveró. The project would add 15 million cubic
meters to the current daily production level of 40 million cubic meters.
According to Cerveró, the decree signed by Bolivian president Evo
Morales at the beginning of the month, nationalizing his country’s
petroleum reserves and the assets of the petroleum companies that
operate in Bolivia puts new investments out of the question. "Raising
royalty fees from the 50% they used to charge to 82% makes
investments unfeasible, not only in Bolivia but anywhere in the world."
He said that the joint commissions established to conduct the
negotiations between Petrobras and the Bolivian government will basically
discuss three main points: the nationalization of reserves and assets, the
price of gas exported to Brazil, and the increase in the rate of royalty
fees.
Cerveró pointed out that Bolivia currently produces a daily maximum of
40 million cubic meters and that, of this total, "we will stand pat at the 30
million cubic meters we currently import, as stipulated in the contract we
signed with them." He went on to say: "Any addition to this volume would
imply new production, new investments, and new pipelines - and we have
cancelled all of that." (From Agência Brasil, by Nielmar de Oliveira,
Translation: David Silberstein) // Access: 17/05/2006
VOCABULARY PRE TEST
Sem consultar nenhum dicionário procure correlacionar as colunas A & B:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
daily production level
the assets of the companies
raising royalty fees
that they used to charge
makes investments unfeasible
would imply new pipelines
a. (
b. (
c. (
d. (
e. (
f. (
B
) representaria novos dutos
) torna inviáveis investimentos
) os ativos das empresas
) nível de produção diária
) que costumavam cobrar
) elevando taxas de patentes
ANALYSIS OF TEXT 1
1. Traduza o título do texto sem consultar nenhum dicionário.
_______________________________________________________
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2. Escreva abaixo duas construções verbais no future simple:
_______________________________________________________
3. Quantas construções no past simple você destacaria do texto?
_______________________________________________________
4. Tente encontrar um equivalente em português para a expressão we
will stand pat (L-17) sem utilizar nenhum dicionário.
_______________________________________________________
KEY WORD: ALL
From text 1:
“… and we have cancelled all of that."” (L-21)
e nós cancelamos tudo isso.
Como venho dizendo, são as palavras mais comuns que devem ter seu
campo colocacional estudado.
No caso da palavra all cabe notar que pode ser usada diante de count
nouns & non-count nouns:
All the money was taken from the safe.
Todo o dinheiro foi retirado do cofre.
All the students passed their final exam.
Todos os alunos passaram na prova final.
Existem muitas expressões com all merecem ser writen down in your
notebooks; a começar pelas mais conhecidas como: all day, all night,
all week, all year(round).
Give me an answer. I can’t wait all day for your decision.
Dê-me uma resposta. Não posso esperar o dia todo por sua decisão.
It is sunny all year round there.
Faz sol o ano todo lá.
Não posso garantir, mas muita gente me garante que a palavra forró
surgiu da expressão for all (= para todos) por causa das tropas
americanas que estiveram no nordeste na época da segunda guerra
mundial. All right (=tudo bem) tudo isso pode ser cascata. Agora, com
certeza, as seguintes expressões com all merecem ser estudadas:
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a) once and for all (=de uma vez por todas)
Once and for all remember that I won’t lend you the money.
De uma vez por todas lembre-se de que não lhe emprestarei o dinheiro.
b) all told (= contando todo mundo, no total)
All told there must have been 70 students attending the lecture.
No total devia haver uns 70 alunos assistindo à palestra.
c) all the same (= não faz diferença, é indiferente)
We can go by car or by bus. It’s all the same to me.
Podemos ir de carro ou de ônibus, para mim, é indiferente.
d) all at once (= de repente)
My wife and I thought we would have lunch alone. All at once we were
six people at table because my son had brought his friends along.
Minha mulher e eu pensávamos que iríamos almoçar sozinhos. De
repente éramos seis à mesa, porque meu filho tinha trazido uns amigos.
e) at all (= nenhum)
My sister made no mistakes at all on the test.
Minha irmã não cometeu nenhum erro na prova.
f) not at all (= de nada)
“Thank you for helping me with the shopping.”
“Not at all.”
- Obrigado por me ajudar com as compras.
- De nada.
g) all over the world (= no mundo todo)
Some Brazilian soccer players are famous all over the world.
Alguns jogadores de futebol brasileiros são famosos no mundo todo.
h) all the better (= tanto melhor)
If the two of you can lend us a hand it’s all the better.
Se vocês dois puderem nos dar uma mãozinha, tanto melhor.
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i) all over again (= de novo)
My computer crashed while I was in the middle of a task. I had to start all
over again.
Meu computador pufou quando eu estava no meio de uma tarefa. Tive
que começar tudo de novo.
j) all in all (= de modo geral)
There were a few minor mistakes in your composition, but all in all it was
well written.
Havia uns pequenos erros na sua redação, ma, de modo geral, estava
bem escrita.
k) all together (= todos juntos)
They were all together at Mark’s party.
Estavam todos juntos na festa do Mark.
NB: não confundir com altogether (adv.) (=totalmente)
You are altogether wrong on this matter.
Você está totalmente errado neste assunto.
l) to be all for (= ser a favor de)
They were all for free elections as soon as possible.
Todos foram favoráveis a eleções livres o mais breve possível.
No final desta aula haverá um exercício com estas e mais algumas ‘all’
expressions
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THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Estudemos agora o future continuous. Veja como conjugamos os
verbos to walk (r.v.) (= andar, caminhar) e to give (i.v.) (= dar)
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
I will be walking
You will be walking
He will be walking
She will be walking
It will be walking
We will be walking
You will be walking
They will be walking
I will be giving
You will be giving
He will be giving
She will be giving
It will be giving
We will be giving
You will be giving
They will be giving
Observe que utilizamos o future simple do verbo to be + the ...ing.
form of the main verb.
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
I will not be walking
You will not be walking
He will not be walking
She will not be walking
It will not be walking
We will not be walking
You will not be walking
They will not be walking
I will not be giving
You will not be giving
He will not be giving
She will not be giving
It will not be giving
We will not be giving
You will not be giving
They will not be giving
Para formar frases negativas basta colocar a partícula not após o
auxiliary verb ‘will’.
NB: will not = won’t
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QUESTIONS
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
I be walking?
you be walking?
he be walking?
she be walking?
it be walking?
we be walking?
you be walking?
they be walking?
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
Will
I be giving?
you be giving?
he be giving?
she be giving?
it be giving?
we be giving?
you be giving?
they be giving?
Formamos questions com a simples inversão do auxiliary will and
the subject.
USES OF THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
It is used to say that you will be carrying out an action at a certain time in
the future.
É usado para expressar uma ação determinada que você estará
realizando num tempo futuro.
Don’t worry. I won’t be sleeping. You can call me back later. I will be
watching the news.
Não se preocupe. Não estarei dormindo. Pode ligar mais tarde. Estarei
vendo as notícias na TV.
It will be easy to recognize me. I’ll be wearing white.
Será fácil me reconhecer. Estarei usando branco.
Look up in Jill’s diary. See what she will be doing tomorrow at 10 a.m.
Olhe na agenda da Jill. Veja o que ela estará fazendo amanhã às dez de
manhã?
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Text 2: ILO will discuss unemployment in LA and the Caribbean
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10
15
20
25
30
Around 19 million workers are unemployed at present in Latin America.
This total corresponds to 10% of the world's unemployed population.
From May 2-5, the International Labor Organization (ILO) will be holding
its 16th Regional Meeting, in Brasília, to discuss political measures and
immediate acts of intervention to deal with this problem.
According to José Carlos Ferreira, deputy director of the ILO in Brazil,
the organization foresees that it will take up to 15 years to reduce the
unemployment figures for Latin America and the Caribbean. When the
discussions in Brasília are done, countries will be expected to implement
the measures over which a consensus has been formed.
Representatives from 35 nations are expected to attend the meeting.
The goal is to consolidate the agreements reached by the countries at
previous meetings. "We plan to introduce the creation of quality jobs on
the agenda of economic and social policies. Few countries today have a
real policy of job creation," Ferreira observes.
In his view, a quality job is one that is adequate for the needs of the
worker and his/her family. "Moreover, the worker should receive social
security coverage," he points out.
Ferreira says that there is a high index of informal employment in the
majority of countries. Over 40% of urban workers are subject to these
conditions, frequently without the benefits of social security coverage.
"The ILO is striving to bring to the debate a proposal for policies and
actions aimed at inserting the agenda of decent employment within the
broader perspective of each government's economic and social policies."
The deputy director of the ILO in Brazil emphasizes that the global
economy has been growing at an annual rate of 4-5%. However, this
growth has not generated a sufficient number of jobs. "It is no use to
have economic policies that resolve macroeconomic problems without
giving the population access to better jobs," Ferreira insists. (From
Agência Brasil, Keite Camacho, T:David Silberstein) Access: 25/04/2006
VOCABULARY PRE TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
will be holding its meeting
deal with this problem
have a real policy
striving to bring to the debate
growing at an annual rate
a. (
b. (
c. (
d. (
e. (
B
) ter uma verdadeira política
) tentando trazer à discussão
) crescendo a uma taxa anual
) irá realizar sua reunião
) lidar com este problema
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ANALYSIS OF TEXT 2
O text 2 apresenta uma multiplicidade de construções verbais que vale
a pena repisar já que a nossa ênfase maior até aqui tem sido os tempos
verbais.
1) As usual procure no texto 10 exemplos de construções no present
simple, sem dúvida, o tempo verbal predominante no text 2:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2) Encontre um exemplo de construção no present continuous:
_______________________________________________________
3) Escreva 2 exemplos de construções do texto no past simple.
_______________________________________________________
4) Encontre um exemplo de construção no future simple:
_______________________________________________________
5) Encontre um exemplo de construção no future continuous:
_______________________________________________________
6) Você consegue encontrar um exemplo de construção present perfect
simple?
_______________________________________________________
7) Você consegue encontrar um exemplo de construção present perfect
continuous?
_______________________________________________________
8) A que corresponde em português a locução social secutrity?
_______________________________________________________
9) Que idéia está indicando a palavra ‘moreover’ (L-17)?
_______________________________________________________
10) Uma vez mais aparece num texto o phrasal verb point out (L-18)
que eu disse que vira e mexe pipoca nos textos. Você se lembra do
seu significado?
_______________________________________________________
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READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
Indispensable question words:
What…?
Who…?
Where…?
When…?
O que...?
Quem...?
Onde....?
Quando...?
Why…?
How…?
How many…?
How often…?
Por que...?
Como...?
Quantos...?
Quantas vezes...?
Answer the following questions in complete sentences to
practice various constructions with different verb tenses:
1. How many workers are currently unemployed in LA at present?
_______________________________________________________
2. How much of the world’s unemployed population does that figure
correspond to?
_______________________________________________________
3. What will the International Labor Organization (ILO) be holding its
meeting for?
_______________________________________________________
4. When was the meeting scheduled for?
_______________________________________________________
5. How long will it take to reduce unemployment figures for LA and the
Caribbean?
_______________________________________________________
6. How many representatives are expected to attend the meeting?
_______________________________________________________
7. What do these representatives plan to introduce?
_______________________________________________________
8. Why hasn’t world growth generated a sufficient number of jobs?
_______________________________________________________
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WORDS IN PAIRS
In text 3 there are a number of words que precisam ser estudadas
por associação com outras que confundem dependendo do context:
a) discuss // argue
a.1) discuss (r.v) – (=debater, conversar)
We came here, gentlemen to discuss very serious matters.
Viemos aqui, senhores para debater assuntos muito sérios.
a.2) argue (r.v) pode ser traduzido por argumentar, mas geralmente
vai corresponder ao discutir, ter uma briga ( =have an argument)
Joel and Alice decided to get divorced because they argued all the time.
Joel e Alice decidiram se divorciar porque brigavam o tempo todo.
b) policy // politics
b.1) policy (n.) – política ou apólice de seguro
I cant wear casual clothes every day because it is not in keeping with the
company policy.
Não posso roupas esportivas todos os dias porque não está de acordo
com a política da companhia.
Mr. Palmer bought the insurance policy weeks before his death.
O Sr. Palmer comprou a apólice de seguro semanas antes de morrer.
b.2) politics (n.) – política, relativo a ciência política.
My mother is not interested in local politics. She says that does not trust
in any of our politicians.
Minha mãe não se interessa pela política local. Ela diz que não acredita
em nenhum dos nossos políticos.
c) figures / pictures
c.1) figures pode significar figuras, mas também algarismos, números.
There were several prominent political figures present at the meeting.
Havia diversas figuras políticas proeminentes presentes na reunião.
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Dora has never been good at figures since kindergarten.
Dora nunca foi muito boa em números desde o jardim de infância.
c.2) pictures – gravuras, ilustrações, figuras e filmes
Every class we have a picture test for you to answer.
A cada aula temos um teste de gravuras para você responder.
Have you seen Woody Allen’s latest picture?
Você já viu o filme mais recente do Woody Allen?
d) agenda / diary
d.1) agenda – não é a nossa agenda (livro) e sim uma pauta de
prioridades, de compromissos a cumprir.
High on the president’s agenda today is a meeting with the prime
minister of Japan.
No topo da agenda (pauta) do presidente hoje está a reunião com
primeiro ministro do Japão.
d.2) diary – agenda, (or appointment book = livro com anotações
pessoais.
Look in Helen’s diary to see where she is supposed to be this afternoon.
Veja na agenda da Helena onde ela deve estar hoje à tarde.
e) economic / economical
e.1) economic – relativo à ciência econômica
The Brazilian Finance Minister will announce the new economic plan on
TV tonight.
O Ministro da Fazenda brasileiro irá anunciar o novo plano econômico na
TV hoje à noite.
e.2) economical – refere-se a qualidade de ser econômico /a
This new Fiat model is more economical than the previous one.
O novo modelo Fiat é mais econômico que o anterior.
My wife is more economical than her sister.
Minha mulher é mais econômica que a irmã dela.
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Text 3: Urban Vitality meets Southern Hospitality
That's life in Charlotte-the Queen City of the South
5
10
15
20
25
You might be surprised to learn that Charlotte, N.C., has the nation’s
#1 pro-business attitude, according to Fortune magazine, and that it is
the second largest financial center in the country, controlling $488 billion
in assets. It's home to the NBA Charlotte Hornets and one of the NFL's
newest teams, the Carolina Panthers. The city also boasts one of the
nation's top interactive Science centers, Discovery Place, which features
an Omnimax theatre and a planetarium.
The historic, hopping South End district, beautifully revitalized from a
tired old textile mill area, features many outstanding restaurants and
nightspots. Historic markers detail the area's past, while new sidewalks
and period lighting enhance the area's charms.
Charlotte's South Park district, not to be confused with South End, is an
upscale, beautifully landscaped area with shops, restaurants, theaters.
nightlife and commercial space. It has a rich heritage which developers
carefully weave into its ever-evolving appearance. Some of the retail
establishments may be new, but the architectural design reflects the
historic South with a trendy twist. It is a fabulous mix of nationally
recognized stores and small specialty shops. Dining varies from light fare
to elegant repasts. Before an opera or symphony performance at the
North Carolina Blumenthal Performing Arts Center, head to The Palm or
La Bibliotheque for a meal that will make the entire evening memorable.
The Largest city between Atlanta and Washington, DC Charlotte is
making its mark as a major business hub This lively metropolis has been
rated one of the nation’s most livable cities by the U.S Conference of
Mayors. Charlotte, the gateway to the Carolinas, is a perfectly situated
starting point for exploring the region. With its warm hospitality and
engaging business environment, you just might want to take a closer look
at the Queen City of the South. (From Montage, summer/1998, p.3)
VOCABULARY PRE TEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
outstanding restaurants
enhance the charms
engaging bizz environment
has a rich heritage
retail establishments
take a closer look at
a. (
b. (
c. (
d. (
e. (
f. (
B
) lojas no varejo
) possui uma rica herança
) acentua os encantos
) restaurantes de classe
) olhar mais de perto
) meio empresarial atraente
15
KEY WORD: HEAD
From text 3:
“… head to The Palm or La Bibliotheque for a meal… (L- 20)
Dirija-se a La Pal ou La Bibliotheque para uma refeição ...
Como você percebe head é usado no texto como regular verb. Outro
exemplo.
Melissa was heading to the tennis club when I met her this morning.
Melissa estava indo pro clube de tênis quando a encontrei de manhã.
Of course, existe o conhecidíssimo noun head. Por exemplo:
I’m sorry I won’t go to the theater with you because my head aches.
Lamento mas não irei ao teatro com vocês porque minha cabeça dói.
Lisa is not the head of her department but she will be before long.
Lisa não e a chefe do seu departamento, mas será em breve.
Furthermore, você tem várias expressões com a palavra head:
a) At the head of (= no topo de/da)
There was a list with the 100 best soccer players ever. At the head of
the list was Pelé, of course.
Havia uma lista com os 100 maiores jogadores de futebol de todos os
tempos. No topo dela estava o Pelé, é claro.
b) Keep one’s head (= ficar calmo)
Nobody said it would be easy, but you have to keep your head now.
Ninguém disse que seria fácil, mas você tem que ficar calmo agora.
c) lose one’s head ( perder a cabeça, o controle)
What’s the use of losing your head now?
De que adianta perder o controle agora?
d) (be) over one’s head (= ser difícil para alguèm)
Algebra has always been over his head.
Álgebra sempre foi difícil para ele.
16
e) shout one’s head off (= gritar feito louco, berrar a plenos pulmões)
Why didn’t you open the door right away? I’ve been shouting my head
off for hours.
Por que não abriu a porta de imediato? Estava gritando feito louco há
horas.
f) put our heads together (= botar nossas cabeças para funcionar)
If we put our heads together I’m sure we’ll achieve success.
Se trabalharmos juntos tenho que certeza de que teremos sucesso.
g) Have a good head for figures (= ser bom com números)
If you don’t have a good head for figures do not think of studying
accountings, for example.
Se você não tem uma boa cabeça para números não pense em estudar
contabilidade por exemplo.
h) go to one’s head ( subir à cabeça)
Never let success go to your head.
Nunca deixe o sucesso subir à sua cabeça.
THE MODAL MAY /MIGHT
From text 3:
“You might be surprised to learn that Charlotte, N.C.,... (L-1)
Você poderia ficar surpreso de descobrir que Charlotte, N.C.
“Some of the retail establishments may be new...” (L-16)
Algumas das lojas no varejo podem ser novas...
“you just might want to take a closer look at the Queen City of the
South” (L-27/28)
Você bem poderia querer dar uma olhada mais de perto na Rainha do
Sul.
17
MAY / MIGHT / MAY HAVE / MIGHT HAVE
a) may and might
São usados para expressar probabilidade.
Jones may (might) be promoted this time.
Jones pode (podia) ser promovido desta vez.
One may (might) say that she was enjoying the whole thing.
Alguém pode (podia) dizer que ela estava gostando daquilo tudo.
It may( might )be said that English is basically a monosyllabic language.
Pode (Podia) ser dito que o inglês é uma língua monossilábica.
b) may (might) (usados para expressar contraste)
She may (might) like mangoes, but she shouldn’t eat a dozen of them.
Ela pode (podia) gostar de mangas, mas não devia comer uma dúzia
delas.
c) may / might have + past participle of main verb
(usado para expressar possibilidade no passado)
While some of the girls may have been acting, many responsible adults
were victims of the killer virus.
Enquanto algumas da meninas podem ter fingido, muitos adultos foram
vítimas do vírus assassino.
The police believe Derrick may have killed his wife.
A polícia acredita que Derrick pode ter assassinado sua esposa.
If you had invited Jane to the party, she might have shown up.
Se você tivesse convidado a Jane para a festa, ela podia ter aparecido
por lá.
Joshua might not have left if you had been more polite to him.
Joshua poderia não ter ido embora se você tivesse sido mais educado
com ele.
18
WORD FORMS
From text 3
“This lively metropolis has been rated one of the nation’s most livable
cities …
Esta metrópole vibrante foi classificada como uma das cidades do país
mais agradáveis para se viver...
THE SUFFIXES –ABLE // -IBLE
Os adjetivos formados pelo acréscimo destes sufixos comuníssimos,
geralmente, serão traduzidos pelas terminações –AVEL, -EVEL.–IVEL.
Poderão ocorrer pequenas alterações ortográficas (no caso live / livable
ocorre a queda do ‘e’ final). Estude outros exemplos:
We will have to work hard to change this room into a livable place.
Teremos que trabalhar duro para fazer deste quarto um local habitável.
I can’t be held responsible for everything that goes wrong in this office.
Não posso ser responsável por tudo que sai errado neste escritório.
Those norms are not applicable in your case.
Estas normas não são aplicáveis no seu caso.
This crime is not bailable according to our law.
Este crime não é afiançável segundo as nossas leis.
She found his latest book quite readable.
Ela achou o ultimo livro dele bastante agradável de ler.
Write this paragraph again. Your handwriting is illegible.
Escreva este parágrafo de novo. Sua caligrafia está ilegível.
Nobody will believe your story. It’s incredible.
Ninguém acreditará em sua história. É incrível.
Those explorers have reached the most inaccessible places on earth.
Aqueles exploradores atingiram os pontos mais inacessíveis da terra.
Those previous experiences had left an indelible mark on the child’s
character.
Aquelas experiências anteriores haviam deixado uma marca indelével no
caráter da criança.
19
Come on, try it. It’s fifty-fifty, Você tem sempre 50% de chances de
acertar!
PICTURE TEST 9
How long will this [a) absent minded / b)
broad-minded] guy go on acting as if pollution
simply did not exist!
USEFUL TIPS
Text 3: Urban Vitality meets Southern Hospitality
That's life in Charlotte-the Queen City of the South
O sub-título do text 3 me lembrou de um ponto importantíssimo nas
provas de inglês de concursos públicos, principalmente as da banca ESAF.
Np exemplo acima descobre-se que Charlotte é conhecida como a Rainha
do Sul. Às vezes no sub-titulo de um texto de prova se encontra uma
informação importantíssima que pode ser cobrada direta ou indiretamente
numa das questões. Nunca deixe de analisar sub-títulos, manchetes
secundárias de artigos de jornal ou revista, seja lá o que aparecer na seu
concurso. Be alert!
20
EXERCISES
I. Complete the sentences with a word deriving from the one in
bold type. Number 1 has been done for you.
1. DISCOVER
That has been one of the scientists’ recent discoveries.
2. LENGTHS
We like the movie, but we found it a bit too ___________.
T: ______________________________________________________
3. CAREFUL
Aunt Louise drives __________. She’s never gotten a ticket for speeding.
T: ______________________________________________________
4. INTERESTED
My coordinator has an ___________ in classical music.
T: ______________________________________________________
5. FAMOUS
By 1914 Einstein had already gained world __________.
T: ______________________________________________________
6. PREDICT
Edmond Halley, an English scientist, made the ____________ of the
comet's appearance in 1758.
T: ______________________________________________________
7. BRIGHT
That star characterizes itself for its extreme _____________.
T: ______________________________________________________
8. ANNOUNCE
During our family dinner my sister said: ‘I have an __________ to make.’
T: ______________________________________________________
9. DISCUSS
Representatives from 35 nations will participate in the ____________.
T: ______________________________________________________
10. RECOGNITION
Can you ____________ those structures in exam texts?
T: ______________________________________________________
21
II. Practice making up questions:
Você pode fazer o exercício seguinte por escrito ou apenas praticar
oralmente. Compare com as minhas respostas no final.
1. Peter and Nancy will visit Greece on their honeymoon in July.
a) “Who _________________?”
“Peter and Nancy will.”
b) “What ____________________?”
“Visit Greece.”
c) “Where __________________________?”
“In Greece.”
d) “When __________________________?”
“On their honeymoon in July”
2. Mr. Samuelson is going to appoint the new manager nest week.
a) “Who _________________?”
“Mr. Samuelson is.”
b) “What ____________________?”
“Appoint the new manager.”
c) “When __________________________?”
“Next week.”
3. The board will be meeting in one hour to make the final decision.
a) “Who _________________?”
“The board of directors.”
b) “Why ____________________?”
“To make the final decision.”
c) “When __________________________?”
“In one hour”
22
4. Jackie will be taking her plane at Galeão in 20 minutes. .
a) “Who _________________?”
“Jackie will.”
b) “What____________________?”
“Taking and airplane.”
c) “When __________________________?”
“In twenty minutes”
b) “Where____________________?”
“At Galeão.”
III. Practice making up questions:
Complete the mini text ‘Petrobras buys Shell of Uruguay’ with the
words from the box:
assume declared
layoffs
acquired
made
replace
Petrobras officially announced last week that it had ______ (1) Shell
of Uruguay, which means it will ______ (2) operation of all that
multinational's gas stations (distribution system) as well as the
commercialization of aviation fuel and lubricants.
With this purchase in Uruguay, Petrobras has now ______ (3)
acquisitions totalling US$140 million recently in Colombia, Paraguay and
Argentina.
Petrobras says there will be no ______ (4) as a result of the Shell
acquisition in Uruguay where it will ______ (5) the Shell logotype with
the BR logotype over a period of 12 months. Spokespersons ______ (6)
that Uruguay is considered strategic geographically for Petrobras activities
in South America. "It is a location with great potential for growth, near
Argentina and Paraguay. And it fits our synergy plans for the Southern
Cone." (From Agência Brasil, by Nielmar de Oliveira, Translation: Allen
Bennett) // Access: 05/06/2006
23
IV. Pesquise uma palvra que completa as expressões com ‘all’ a
seguir:
1. Ok, you may tell me the whole story. I’m all ____.
OK, pode me contar toda a história, Sou todo ouvidos.
2. After such a long soccer game we were all ______.
Após uma partida de futebol tão longa estavamos todos exaustos.
3. ____ all the places to visit in the whole world my wife had to long for a
trip to the jungle.
Dentre todos os lugares no mundo para visitar, minha mulher tinha que
sonhar em fazer uma viagem na selva.
4. When I got to the nightclub they were playing ‘The _____ takes it all’.
Quando cheguei à boate estavam tocando O vencedor fica com tudo.
5. Jones is a radical person. With him it is always all or _______.
O Jones é uma pessoa radical. Com ele é oito ou oitenta.
6. I knew it all ______ that Gina was lying to me.
Sabia desde o início que a Gina estava mentindo para mim.
7. His new play is all _______ interesting. It’s his worst work.
Sua nova peça é tudo menos interessante. É seu pior trabalho.
8. His new book is not all ______ grammar. He focuses on vocabulary
build–up too.
Seu novo livro não é só sobre gramática. Ele enfatiza a construção do
vocabulário também.
9. It was sad to see the once all-_______ heavyweight boxing champion
so weak and hesitant.
Era triste ver o outrora tão poderoso campeão de boxe dos pesos pesados
tão fragilizado e hesitante.
10. You find these fruit trees all _____ the region.
Encontram-se destas arvores frutíferas por toda a região.
24
ANSWERS
Text 1 - Vocabulary Pre Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
daily production level
the assets of the companies
raising royalty fees
that they used to charge
makes investments unfeasible
would imply new pipelines
B
a. (6) representaria novos dutos
b. (5) torna inviáveis investimentos
c. (2) os ativos das empresas
d. (1) nível de produção diária
e. (4) que costumavam cobrar
f. (3) elevando taxas de patentes
Analysis of text 1
1. Petrobras rules out investing in Bolivia (Petrobras descarta investir
na Bolívia)
2. future simple: will not invest (L-1) // will basically discuss (L-13) //
will stand pat (L-17)
3. past simple: decided (L-1) // informed (L-2) // signed (L-5 /19) //
said (L-11) // pointed out (L-16) // went on (L-19)
4. we will stand pat (= manteremos nossa posição, não mudaremos
nossa opinião)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
will be holding its meeting
deal with this problem
have a real policy
striving to bring to the debate
growing at an annual rate
B
a. (3) ter uma verdadeira política
b. (4) tentando trazer à discussão
c. (5) crescendo a uma taxa anual
d. (1) irá realizar sua reunião
e. (2) lidar com este problema
Reading Comprehension Questions
1. How many workers are currently unemployed in LA at present?
Around 19 million workers.
Quantos trabalhadores estão desempregados atualmente na América
Latina?
Em torno de 19 milhões de trabalhadores.
25
2. How much of the world’s unemployed population does that figure
correspond to?
It corresponds to 10%.
A quanto da população de desempregados no mundo corresponde este
número?
Corresponde a 10%.
3. What will the International Labor Organization (ILO) be holding its
meeting for?
To discuss political measures and immediate acts of intervention to deal
with this problem.
Para que estará a ILO se reunindo?
Para debater sobre medidas políticas e ações imediatas com o intuito de
lidar com este problema.
4. When was the meeting scheduled for?
It was scheduled for May 2-5, 2006.
Para quando estava programada a reunião?
Estava programada para 2-5 de maio de 2006.
5. How long will it take to reduce unemployment figures for LA and the
Caribbean according to ILO director in Brazil?
It will take up to 15 years to reduce those unemployment figures.
Quanto tempo levará para reduzir este percentual de desemprego na AL
Segundo o representante da ILO no Brasil.
Levará até 15 anos para fazê-lo.
6. How many representatives are expected to attend the meeting?
Representatives from 35 nations.
Quantos representantes são esperados para assistirem à reunião?
Representante de 35 nações.
7. What do these representatives plan to introduce?
They plan to introduce the creation of quality jobs on the agenda of
economic and social policies.
O que estes representantes planejam introduzir?
Planejam introduzir a criação de empregos de qualidade na pauta das
políticas econômicas e sociais.
26
8. Why hasn’t world growth generated a sufficient number of jobs?
Because it’s useless to have economic policies that resolve macroeconomic problems without giving the population access to better jobs.
Por que o crescimento mundial não gerou um número de empregos
suficientes?
Porque é inútil ter políticas econômicas que resolvam problemas macroeconômicos sem dar à população acesso à melhores empregos.
Analysis of text 2
1. present simple: are (L-1/20) // corresponds (L-2) // foresees (L-7)
// plan (L-13) // have (L-14) // observes (L-15) // points out (L-18) //
says (L-19) // resolve (L-28) // emphasizes (L-25) // is (L-27) //
insists (L-29)
2. present continuous: is striving (L-22)
3. past simple: reached (L-12) // aimed (L-23)
4. future simple: will take (L-7)
5. future continuous: will be holding (L-3)
6. present perfect simple: has not generated (L-27)
7. present perfect continuous: has been growing (L-26)
8. social security (= previdência social)
9. moreover (= alem disso, ademais) dá idéia de acréscimo, adição.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
outstanding restaurants
enhance the charms
engaging bizz environment
has a rich heritage
retail establishments
take a closer look at
B
a. (5) lojas no varejo
b. (4) possui uma rica herança
c. (2) acentua os encantos
d. (1) restaurantes de classe
e. (6) olhar mais de perto
f. (3) meio empresarial atraente
Picture Test 10
(a) How long will this absent minded guy go on acting as if pollution
simply did not exist!
Por quanto tempo este sujeito desligado irá continuar agindo como se a
poluição simplesmente não existisse.
Broad-minded é um adjetivo que se refere a uma pessoa que tem
mente aberta; é o oposto de narrow-minded person.
27
EXERCISES
I. Word forms.
1. That has been one of the scientists’ recent discoveries.
Esta foi uma das recentes descobertas dos cientistas.
2. We like the movie, but we found it a bit too long.
Gostamos do filme mas o achamos um pouco longo demais.
3. Aunt Louise drives carefully. She’s never gotten a ticket for speeding.
A Tia Luisa dirige cuidadosamente. Ela nunca recebeu uma multa por
excesso de velocidade.
4. My coordinator has an interest in classical music.
Meu coordenador tem um interesse em música clássica.
5. By 1914 Einstein had already gained world fame.
Por volta de 1914 Einstein já havia ganho fama mundial.
6. Edmond Halley, an English scientist, made the prediction of the
comet's appearance in 1758.
Edmond Halley, um cientista inglês, fez uma previsão do aparecimento
do cometa em 1758.
7. That star characterizes itself for its extreme brightness.
Aquela estrela se caracteriza por seu brilho extreme.
8. During our family dinner my sister said: ‘I have an announcement to
make.’
Durante o jantar em família minha irmã disse: Tenho um comunicado a
fazer.
9. Representatives from 35 nations will participate in the discussions.
Representantes de 35 países irão participar das conversações / dos
debates.
10. Can recognize those structures in exam texts?
Você consegue reconhecer estas estruturas nos textos de provas?
II. making up questions:
1. Peter and Nancy will visit Greece on their honeymoon in July.
Peter e Nancy visitarão a Grécia na sua lua de mel em julho.
a) “Who will visit Greece on their honeymoon?”
“Peter and Nancy will.”
b) “What will Peter and Nancy do?”
“Visit Greece.”
c) “Where will Peter and Nancy spend their honeymoon?”
“In Greece.”
d) “When will Peter and Nancy visit Greece?”
“On their honeymoon in July”
28
2. Mr. Samuelson is going to appoint the new manager next week.
O Sr. Samuelson nomeará o novo gerente na semana que vem.
a) “Who is going to appoint the new manager next week?”
“Mr. Samuelson is.”
b) “What is Mr. Samuelson going to do next week?”
“Appoint the new manager.”
c) “When is Mr. Samuelson going to appoint the new manager?”
“Next week”
3. The board will be meeting in one hour to make the final decision.
A diretoria se reunirá em uma hora para tomar a decisão final.
a) “Who will be meeting in one hour?”
“The board of directors.”
b) “Why will they be meeting in one hour?”
“To make the final decision.”
c) “When will they be meeting?”
“In one hour”
4. Jackie will be taking her plane at Galeão in 20 minutes.
A Jackie pegará seu avião no Galeão em 20 minutos.
a) “Who will be taking her plane at Galeão in 20 minutes?”
“Jackie will.”
b) “What will Jackie be doing in 20 minutes?”
“Taking and airplane.”
c) “When will Jackie be taking her plane at Galeão?”
“In twenty minutes”
b) “Where will Jackie be taking her plane?”
“At Galeão.”
29
III. Complete the mini text ‘Petrobras buys Shell of Uruguay’ with
the words from the box:
Petrobras officially announced last week that it had acquired (1) Shell
of Uruguay, which means it will assume (2) operation of all that
multinational's gas stations (distribution system) as well as the
commercialization of aviation fuel and lubricants.
With this purchase in Uruguay, Petrobras has now made (3)
acquisitions totalling US$140 million recently in Colombia, Paraguay and
Argentina.
Petrobras says there will be no layoffs (4) as a result of the Shell
acquisition in Uruguay where it will replace (5) the Shell logotype with
the BR logotype over a period of 12 months. Spokespersons declared
(6) that Uruguay is considered strategic geographically for Petrobras
activities in South America. "It is a location with great potential for
growth, near Argentina and Paraguay. And it fits our synergy plans for the
Southern Cone."
IV. ‘all’ expressions
1. all ears // 2. all in // 3. of all // 4. The winner takes it all (antigo
sucesso do grupo Abba) // 5. all or nothing // 6. all along // 7. all but// 8.
all about // 9. all powerful // 10. all over
30
Avalie se os seguintes objetivos da AULA 9 foram alcançados.
OBJECTIVES (OBJETIVOS)
Draw your attention to the following essential points:
Chamar sua atenção para os seguintes pontos essenciais:
I. The study of Verb Tenses: The Future Simple & its uses
O estudo dos tempos verbais: O futuro simples e seus usos
II . Analysis of text 1: ‘Petrobras rules out investing in Bolivia”
Análise do texto ‘Petrobrás descarta investimentos na Bolivia’
III. Key Words: ALL
Palavras –chave: ALL
IV. The study of Verb Tenses: The Future Continuous & its uses
O estudo dos tempos verbais: O futuro contínuo e seus usos
V. Analysis of text 2: ‘ILO will discuss unemployment in LA”
Análise do texto 2 ‘ILO debaterá desemprego na AL’
VI. Reading Comprehension Questions
Questões de compreensão de leitura
VII. Words in pairs – confusable words
Pares de palavras – palavras que confundem
VIII. Analysis of text 3: “Charlotte: The Queen of the South”
Análise do texto 3 “Charlotte: A Rainha do Sul’
IX. Key Words: HEAD
Palavras –chave: HEAD
X. Modal Verbs : MAY / MIGHT
Verbos Modais : MAY /MIGHT
XI. Word Forms – The suffixes –ABLE // -IBLE
Formação das palavras – os sufixos –ABLE // -IBLE
XII. Picture Test 9
Teste com gravuras 9
XIII. Exercise Section
Seção de Exercícios
31
32

AULA 9 - Grou.ps

Transcrição

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