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Classificação Evolu/va das Aves Sistemá/ca de Aves • Sistemá(ca: O estudo da relação evolu/va dos seres vivos • Taxonomia (taxis ‘arranjo’ nomia: ‘método’). É a disciplina que se ocupa em iden/ficar, nomear, e organizar as espécies na sua classificação. A Classe Aves • A fundação da sistemá/ca evolu/va foi realizada por Huxley, quem avalio o arranjo dos ossos no palato, fundamental para separar os dois grandes grupos de aves: Neognathas e Paleognathas. • O grande problema era encontrar caracteres não convergentes que fossem informa/vos. • Narinas • Músculos da perna • Tendões do pé • Arranjo dos dedos dos pés • Forma, tamanho e arranjo das escamas no tarso A Classe Aves • Com o tempo outros caracteres foram sendo u/lizados • Vocalizações • Comportamento • Plumagem dos filhotes • Ontogenia • Gené(ca • Cladís(ca (método fundamental para a recostrução filogené(ca) A Classe Aves Classificação das Aves baseadas em Feduccia (1995) A Classe Aves Todas as Aves modernas são Neornithes • 2 Super-‐Ordens • Paleognatha • Neognatha A Classe Aves Todas as Aves modernas são Neornithes • 2 Super-‐Ordens • Paleognatha • Neognatha A Classe Aves • Vomer maior, ar/culado com a pré-‐maxilla é fusionado com o pterigoide; • O pala/no e o pterigoide fusionados; • A ar/culação de Pterigoide e do quadrado é complexa e inclui o processo orbital • Neognatha Paleognatha NEORNITHES: 45 Orders Struthioniformes PALEOGNATHS Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes GALLOANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Ra/tes -‐ Struthioniformes (avestruz) -‐ Rheiformes (ema) -‐ Casuariiformes -‐ Dromaiidae (emu) -‐ Casuariidae (casuário) -‐ Apterygidae (kiwi) 1 sp 4 spp 2 spp 3 spp 1 sp Ra/tes Paleognathas = Ra/tes + Tinamiformes (Huxley 1867) NEORNITHES: 45 Orders Struthioniformes PALEOGNATHS Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes GALLOANSERAE Phoenicopte Podicipedifo Columbimorphae METAVES NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Phaethon Pterocli Mesitor Columb Eurypygiform Steatornit Nyctibiifo Strisores Podargifo Caprimu NEORNITHES: 45 Orders Struthioniformes PALEOGNATHS Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Aepyornithidae Tinamiformes Anseriformes Dinornithidae (Moas) Galliformes GALLOANSERAE Moas (Dinornithidae) Phoenicopte Podicipedifo Columbimorphae METAVES NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Phaethon Pterocli Mesitor Columb Eurypygiform Steatornit Nyctibiifo Strisores Podargifo Caprimu Ave elefante (Aepyornithidae) Neognatha: Galloanseres • Anseriformes (3 Famílias) • Galliformes (7 famílias) NEORNITHES: 45 Orders Struthioniformes PALEOGNATHS 2. Galloanserae Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes GALLOANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Neognatha: Galloanseres + Neoaves NEORNITHES: 45 Orders Struthioniformes PALEOGNATHS Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes GALLOANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Apterygiformes Metaves Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes ANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae ES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Apterygiformes Metaves Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes ANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae ES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Apterygiformes Metaves: Columbimorphae Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes ANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae ES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes NEORNITHES: 45 Orders Struthioniformes PALEOGNATHS Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes GALLOANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Eurypygiformes NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Coronaves Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Coronaves: Pelecanae + Charadriiformes + Passarae Gruiformes Coronaves: Pelecanae Musophagiformes Musophagimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Aequornithes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Eurypygiformes NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Coronaves: Pelecanae Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Eurypygiformes NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Coronaves: Charadriae Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Aequornithes Coronaves: Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Charadriae Suliformes CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Eurypygiformes NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Coronaves: Passerae Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coronaves: Passerae Accipitrimorphae Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Coronaves: CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Limicoli Passerae Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Coronaves: Passerimorphae Trogoniformes Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes Aves – Passeriformes = 50% da diversidade de espécies NEORNITHES: 45 Orders Struthioniformes PALEOGNATHS Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Tinamiformes Anseriformes Galliformes GALLOANSERAE Phoenicopteriformes Podicipediformes Phaethontiformes Pterocliformes Mesitornithiformes Columbiformes Eurypygiformes Columbimorphae METAVES NEOGNATHS Eurypygimorphae Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Strisores Podargiformes Caprimulgiformes ~40 % Apodiformes Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomimorphae Otidiiformes Cuculiformes Gruiformes Musophagiformes NEOAVES PELECANAE Cuculimorphae Musophagimorphae Aequornithes CORONAVES CHARADRIAE = Charadriiformes Accipitrimorphae Gaviiformes Sphenisciformes Procellariiformes Ciconiiformes Suliformes Pelecaniformes Ardeiformes Chionidi Charadrii Limicoli Turnici Lari Cathartiformes Accipitriformes Coliiformes Strigiformes ‘Anomalogonatae’ Leptosomiformes Trogoniformes PASSERAE Passerimorphae Bucerotiformes Coraciiformes Piciformes Cariamiformes Falconiformes Psittaciformes Passeriformes ~ 60 % Passeriformes Três Subordens (-‐i): Passeri (oscines) + Tyranni (Suboscines)+ Acanthisik Tyranni Acanthisi- Passeriformes • • • • 110 Famílias 1161 Gêneros ~5.700 espécies 2 Sub-‐Ordens • Sub-‐Oscines (10 Famílias, ~1.000 espécies) • Oscines (100 Famílias, ~4.000 espécies) Passeriformes: Sub-‐Oscines • • • • • • • • • • • Dendrocolap/dae (Arapaçus) Furnariidae (João-‐de-‐barro) Thamnophilidae (Papa-‐formiga) Formicariidae Grallaridae Rhinocryp/dae Conopophagidae Tyrannidae (Bem-‐te-‐vi) Tityridae Co/ngidae Pipridae (Soldadinho-‐do-‐Araripe) Tracheophones Não-‐Tracheophones Passeriformes: Oscines • Corvidi • Corvidae • Passerida • Emberizidae • Hirundinidae • Icteridae • Parulidae • Thraupidae • Fringillidae • Mimidae • Troglody/dae • Turdidae
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Taxonomia
Tetrapodes
Classe Amphibia
Classe Reptilia Subclasse Anapsida - quelônios
Subclasse Diapsida – serpentes, lagartos,
crocodilianos e aves
Subclasse Sinapsida - mamíferos
Classe Aves
Class...
boletim ceo - Centro de Estudos Ornitológicos
Australiana e Oriental
Costa oeste da reg. Neotropical;
Neártica, Oriental
Antártica (1 sp na costa do Peru)
primates
