29 - Indian Society for Veterinary Medicine

Transcrição

29th ISVM CONVENTION
AND
NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
“RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DIAGNOSTICS AND
THERAPEUTICS INCLUDING APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE”
FEBRUARY 17 -19, 2011
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACTS
HOSTED BY
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Mumbai Veterinary College
Maharashtra Animal And Fishery Sciences University
Mumbai- 400 012
Patron in Chief
Dr. V.M. Mayande
(Hon. Vice-chancellor, MAFSU)
Patron
Dr. A. Samad
(Dean and Director of Instructions, MAFSU)
Dr. Sushovan Roy
(President, ISVM)
Chairman
Dr. S.A.Bakshi
(Associate Dean, MVC)
Convener and Organising Secretary
Dr. D.V. Keskar
(Head, Dept. of Medicine and Pharmacology)
Co-Organising Secretary
Dr. R.V. Gaikwad
Dr. C.N. Galdhar
Treasurer
Dr. D.G. Dighe
Souvenir Editor
Dr. R.D. Velhankar
Dr. J.U. Patil
Dr. P.S. Khangal
iSVM executive Council
President
:
Dr. Sushovan Roy
:
Dr.S.S.Randhawa
:
Dr.R.K.Bagherwal
General Secretary
:
Dr.R.C.Patra
Joint General Secretary
:
Dr.V.M.Dhoot
Treasurer
:
Dr.Amit Raj Gupta
Central Region
:
Dr.Asish Sharma
Northern Region
:
Dr.D.K.Gupta
Southern Region
:
Dr.M.Chandrasekhar
Western Region
:
Dr.R.V.Gaikwad
North East Region
:
Dr.Gunjan Das
Eastern Region
:
Dr.A. K.Bera
Abroad
:
Dr.H.P.Dwivedi
Vice Presidents
Regional Secretaries
Women Representative
Dr.(Mrs)Jyoti B.Dutta
Editor
:
Dr.S.Dey
Associate Editor
:
Dr.D.B.Mondal
:
Dr.Rakesh Ranjan
Members of the Editorial Board
Dr. Pankaj Kumar
Dr.K.Vijayakumar
Dr.D.S.Nauriyal
DISCLAIMER
Remarks and opinions expressed in the Compendium/Abstract Book are
entirely of the respective authors and in no case reflect the views of the Organizing
Committee or Editorial Board of 29th ISVM and no Copyright violation or any other
IPR conflicts in any case, shall be entertained.
SPECIAL THANKS
TO
BOARD OF RESEARCH IN NUCLEAR SCIENCES
(BRNS),
DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY (DAE),
BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTER (BARC),
MUMBAI
PROCEEDINGS OF 29th ISVM CONVENTION & NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON “RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN
DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS INCLUDING APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
VETERINARY MEDICINE”, 17th – 19th FEBRUARY 2011
29th ISVM CONVENTION
AND
NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
“RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS INCLUDING
APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE”
DETAILS OF SCIENTIFIC SESSION
THEMATIC SESSION
Speaker
Topic
Dr. A.Samad
Dean and Director of Instructions
Maharashtra Animal And Fishery Sciences
University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-06
NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED NOVEL
TARGETED VETERINARY DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
Prof. Padma V. Devarajan
Head, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technology,
Institute of Chemical Technology,
N.P.Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019
Dr. Geeta Vanage,
Scientist, National Institute for Research in
Reproductive Health,
ICMR, Parel, Mumbai
NANOMEDICINE - PROSPECTS AND
CHALLENGES
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DRUG
LOADED NANOPARTICALES
EXCLUSIVE SESSION ON NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Speaker
Dr. H. D. Sarma
Scientific Officer, F and Head,
Animal Facility & Radioisotope Laboratory
Radiation Biology and Health Sciences
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Mumbai 400 085 India
Dr. R.V.Gaikwad
Co-Principal Investigator, Department of
Veterinary Nuclear Medicine, Bombay
Veterinary College, Parel-Mumbai-12
Topic
NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY IN
ADVANCEMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTH
CARE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT
NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNIQUES:
APPLICATIONS IN VETERINARY
RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
Organised by: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai,
Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Nagpur (M.S.)
SESSION: INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS AND HERD MEDICINE
Speaker
Dr.Mahesh Kumar
Professor and Head
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology
and Preventive Medicine, College of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B.Pant
University of agriculture Techenology,
Pantnagar-263 145.
Dr.V S Vihan and Ashok Kumar
Division of Animal Health
Central Institute for Research on Goats
Makhdoom, P.O. Farah 281 122, Mathura
(U.P.)
Dr. Kirti Dua
Professor, Department of Medicine,
GADVASU, Ludhiana (Punjab)
Topic
RE-EMERGENCE OF GLANDERS IN INDIA
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SMALL
RUMINANTS IN INDIA AND THEIR
CONTAINMENT MESURES
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON ANIMAL
HEALTH RISKS IN ASIA
SESSION: NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS
Speaker
Dr.S.S. Randhawa
Dean PGS cum Director of Research
GADVASU, Ludhiana
Dr.S.R.Srinivasan
Dean, Faculty of Basic Sciences,
Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai-7
Dr. R. C. Patra
Professor, Department of Medicine
College of Veterinary Science and Animal
Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture
and Technology, Bhubaneswar – 751 003
Dr. Amalendu Chakrabarti
Professor of Veterinary Medicine,Former
Dean, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal
Sciences, West Bengal University of
animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata
Topic
PRODUCTION DISEASES IN DAIRY
ANIMALS
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN BOVINE
PRACTICE
DRUG RESIDUES IN VETERINARY
PRACTICE, ITS CONSEQUENCES AND
REMEDIAL MEASURES
RUMINAL INDIGESTION - AN OVERVIEW
FOR PRACTITIONERS
Dr. Nitin Bhatia
Technical Services, Intas Animal Health
4th Floor, Premier House, Sarkhej
Gandhinagar Highway,Bodakdev,
Ahmedabad-380054, Gujarat, India
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA IN DAIRY ANIMALS
AND
ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
SESSION: DISEASES OF COMPANION ANIMALS
Speaker
Topic
Dr. S. Prathaban
Director of Clinics, Tamilnadu Veterinary
and Animal Sciences University, Chennai.
3D AND 4D ULTRASOUND IN
VETERINARY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH
Dr. S. Yathiraj
Director
of
Research,
KVAFSU,
Nandinagar, Bidar 585401, Karnataka
INTERPRETATIONS OF ECG IN DOGS AND
CATS
Dr. S. Dey
Principal Scientist, Division of Medicine
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izzatnagar (U.P.)
DIABETES AN EMERGING
ENDOCRINOPATHY IN DOGS
OBESITY IN PETS – APPROACH AND
MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE
Dr. Kallahalli Umesh
Waltham regional associate,
Mars India international
SESSION: AVIAN MEDICINE
Speaker
Topic
Dr.H.A.Upendra
Head, Department of Medicine, Veterinary
College, KVAFSU, Hebbal,
Bangalore 560 024
IMPORTANT AND PREVAILING DISEASES
OF BROILER CHICKS
Dr. Chanchal Guha
Professsor, Department of Veterinary
Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine,
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
West Bengal University of animal & Fishery
Sciences,37, K. B. Sarani,
Kolkata – 700037. (W.B)
PRESENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE
STRATAGY ON PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF RANIKHET DISEASE (RD) IN
INDIA
Dr. M.M. Chawak
In charge Ventri Biologicals
Loni, Pune (M.S.).
CHALLENGES IN POULTRY HEALTH
MANAGEMENT
Dr. Sunil Rautmare
Deputy Commisionor Animal Husbandry
(Virology), DIS, Pune-07
FIELD HANDLING OF AVIAN INFLUENZA
OUT BREAK IN NANDURBAR –JALGAON:
CASE STUDIES
SESSION: EQUINE AND PACK ANIMAL MEDICINE
Speaker
Dr. K.M.Jadhav
Department of Medicine
College of Veterinary Science and A.H.
SD Agricultural University,
SARDARKRUSHINAGAR-385506
Dr. S. K.Gupta
Professor and Head,
Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and
Jurisprudence, F.V.Sc & A.H –R.S.Pura,
181102, SKUAST-Jammu (J&K)
Dr. J.L. Singh,
Associate Professor, Department Clinical
Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences,
G.B.Pant
University
of
agriculture Techenology,
Pantnagar-263 145.
Topic
THE CAMEL (CAMELUS DOMEDARIUS) IN
HEALTH AND DISEASE
MAJOR SKIN DISEASES IN EQUINES
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN EQUINES:
CHALLENGES AND TREATMENT
OPTIONS
Dr. Feroz Khambata
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF
Consultant (Equine) and Marketing
COMMON
AFFECTIONS IN EQUINES
Consultant (Cipla Pharmaceuticals)
Mumbai
SESSION: WILD LIFE MEDICINE
Speaker
Dr. A.K. Sharma
Principal Scientist, Division of Pathology
& In-charge, Centre for Wildlife,
Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122 (U.P.) India
Dr.R.G.Jani, Coordinator
Wildlife Health, Western Regional Centre
Veterinary College, Anand (Gujarat)
Topic
OCCURRENCE OF NEOPLASMS IN INDIAN
WILDLIFE AND THEIR DIAGNOSIS
BIG CATS OF INDIA: CURRENT
STATUS,THREATS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
SESSION: ETHNOVETERINARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Speaker
Topic
Dr. N.N.Pandey
Professor and Head
Department of Veterinary Medicine,
College of Veterinary Science & Animal
Husbandry Central Agricultural University
Selesih, Aizawl- 796014 (Mizoram)
THERAPEUTIC USE OF HERBAL /
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN VETERINARY
PRACTICE
Dr. Anup Kalra CEO (ARF)
Ayurvet Limited, Delhi - 92
TRADITIONAL WISDOM: AN OPPORTUNITY
IN IMPROVING ANIMAL HEALTH &
PRODUCTION
PROCEEDINGS OF 29th ISVM CONVENTION & NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON “RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
IN DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS INCLUDING APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
ABSTRACT INDEX
Abst.
No.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1. EXCLUSIVE SESSION ON NUCLEAR MEDICINE
TITLE OF ABSTRACT AND AUTHOR NAME
99m
THYROID UPTAKE OF
TC IN PIGLETS AND RABBITS
R.V.Gaikwad, A.Samad, C.N.Galdhar and D.V.Keskar
HEPATOBILIARY STUDY IN RABBITS AND PIGS
RENAL SCINTIGRAPHY IN PIGLETS AND RABBITS
STUDIES ON DOXORUBICIN INDUCED CARDIO TOXICITY AND ITS EVALUATION BY
GALLIUM SCINTIGRAPHY IN RABBITS
C.N. Galdhar, A. Samad, R.V.Gaikwad, D.V.Keskar and B.A.Krishna
APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE IN DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATIC AND RENAL
DISORDERS IN CANINES
C.N. Galdhar, R.V.Gaikwad, A. Samad, P.R.Chaudhari, D.V.Keskar, D.G. Dighe and
R.D.Velhankar
PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT DIAGNOSIS BY NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNIQUES
S.S.Ugile, C.N.Galdhar, R.V.Gaikwad, D.G.Dighe, R.D.Velhankar, and D.V.Keskar
BIODISTRIBUTION OF LUNG TARGETED NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH ANTI-TB
DRUGS C0MBINATION
Ranee B.J., Date P. V., Devarajan Padma V., Gaikwad R. V., Samad A.
TARGETED DELIVERY OF NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH ANTITUBERCULAR
COMBINATION TO THE LUNGS
Ranee B.J., Date P. V., Devarajan Padma V., Degani M.S. Gaikwad R. V., Samad A.
A SCINTIGRAPHIC APPROACH OF TARGETED LIGAND ANCHORED RIFAMPICIN FOLIC
ACID NANOPARTICULATE DELIVERY TOWARDS RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
P. R. Suryawanshi, S. B. Majee, P. Date, A. S. Bannalikar, R. V. Gaikwad, P. V. Devarajan and
A. Samad
Page
No.
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS & HERD MEDICINE
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
PREVALENCE AND CONTROL OF BUBALINE SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN
CHHATTISGARH STATE IN INDIA
Poonam Vishwakarma, Sushovan Roy, Manju Roy and M. Deshmukh
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF COLI FORM DIARRHOEA OF
CALVES IN WESTERN UTTER PRADESH
Subash Malik, Amit Kumar, Amit K. Verma, M.K. Gupta, S. D. Sharma
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND DRUG SENSITIVITY STUDIES OF CALF DIARRHOEA IN
REFERENCE TO Campylobacter spp.
Amit Kumar, Amit K. Verma, Subash Malik, M.K. Srivastava, Rajesh Kumar, Mamta
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER OUTBREAK
Mehrajuddin Naikoo, A.J. Dhami, B.C. Parmar, B.S. Divekar and A. Ramakrishnan
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF BOVINE MASTITIS
N. A. Tufani, D. M. Makhdoomi and A. Hafiz
HAEMORRAGIC SEPTICEMIA IN A BUFFALO CALF
P.V.Sonone, G.B.Shrikhande, J.U.Patil, S.B.Gote,S.J.Rathod,R.S.Tayde,C.D. Malapure B. S.
Prajapati
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA IN GOAT
P.V.Sonone, N.P.Dakshinkar, G.R.Bhojne, S.J.Rathod, S.B.Gote, R.S.Tayde,C.D. Malapure
EVALUATION OF MILK LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION DURING BOVINE SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS
U. K. De and Reena Mukherjee
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF Bordetella
bronchiseptica ISOLATED FROM PIGS WITH CLINICAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE
S. Rajkhowa, S.R. Pegu, Mrinalee Devi and Anubrata Das
ISOLATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH
ARTHRITIS IN PIGS
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
Abstract
No.
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
GENOTYPING OF Cryptosporidium parvum ISOLATES IN BOVINE POPULATION AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW BOVINE GENOTYPES
Gunjan Das, S. Sakar and P. Das
AUTOHEMOTHERAPY IN BOVINE PAPILLOMA – A CASE REPORT
Chetan Kumar G K
PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS AND TO DETECT THE CHANGES IN SOME PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MASTITIC MILK IN KASHMIR VALLEY
Zubair Ahmad Akhoon, F.U.Peer and Md. Moin Ansari
STUDY ON IN VITRO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL CULTURES
FROM THE CLINICAL MASTITIC MILK
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC REGIMES IN THE
TREATMENT OF ACUTE BOVINE CLINICAL MASTITIS
SERO PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLA INFECTION IN CATTLE FARM OF CHIKHODRA
VILLAGE
Raval S.K, Ku. Joice P Joseph, Shah Aatur S., Ku. Gauri More, Bhanderi B J.
EFFECT OF PHAGE LYSATE IN TEAT FISTULA WITH MASTITIS
Sanjay Shukla, S. D. Hirpurkar, E. Joseph and R.K. Bagherwal
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT F AND N GENE BASED PRIMER IN DETECTION OF PESTE
DES PETITS RUMINANT VIRUS NUCLEIC ACID
Sumit Mahajan, Rajesh Agrawal, Mahesh Kumar, Anand Mohan, Nishe Pande
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR DETECTION OF PESTE DES PETITS
RUMINANT VIRUS
Sumit Mahajan, Rajesh Agrawal, Mahesh Kumar, Anand Mohan, Nishe Pande and Rajiv Singh.
RISK OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANT (PPR) AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SPECIES,
SEX, AGE AND MIGRATION
Sumit Mahajan, Rajesh Agrawal, Mahesh Kumar, Anand Mohan and Nishe Pande
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT BP26 PROTEIN FOR SEROLOGICAL
DIAGNOSIS OF Brucella melitensis INFECTION IN GOATS
V. K. Gupta, Ashok Kumar and V. S. Vihan
OUTBREAK OF FASCIOLIASIS IN GOATS A CASE REPORT
Prachi E Taksande, Bhoyar R, Dodamani M.S and Vivek R Kasaralikar
INFECTIOUS KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS IN DZOS OF JAMMU
R.K.Bhardwaj, A.K. Taku and Irfan Ahmad
AN OUTBREAK OF CEREBRAL MALARIA BY HAEMOPROTEUS COLUMBAE, KRUSE,
1890, IN FREE RANGINGS AND CAPTIVE PIGEONS (COLUMBA ALIVA) FROM BORDER
AREAS OF JAMMU & KASHMIR
R. K. Bhardwaj, A.K. Taku, N. K. Sood , K. Gupta, G. M, Bhat and I. A. Mir and R.Singh
OCCURANCE OF BOVINE MASTITIS IN TARAI REGION OF UTTRAKAHAND
Sumit Mahajan, P.Bhatt, Ramakant and Y.P.S.Dabass
DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS BY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST
M. G. Saranya and K. Vijayakumar
A CASE OF SARCAPTIC MANGE AND ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT WITH
IVERMECTIN IN DECCANI LAMB IN AN ORGANISED FARM
Nimase R.G., Dhole P. T. and Mane P. M.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR DETECTION OF
SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN GOATS
Manju Armo, S.K.Maiti and K.Mukherjee
LEUKOCYTIC PICTURE IN SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN GOATS AND ITS CORRELATION
WITH MILK SOMATIC CELL COUNT (SCC)
Manju Armo, S.K.Maiti and B.K.Awasthi
STUDY ON EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTIC AND NON ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY AGAINST SUB
CLINICAL MASTITIS IN GOATS
Manju Armo, and S.K.Maiti
SERO PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE IN AND AROUND DURG OF
CHHATTISGARH
Nitu and S.K.Maiti
INCIDENCE OF THEILERIOSIS IN CATTLE
Chetan Kumar G K and Sunita C
Page
No.
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
Abstract
No.
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION IN A DAIRY HERD
Anumol Joseph, P.V.Tresamol and K.Vijayakumar
THE FIRST CASE OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN A FARMED PURNATHADI BUFFALO
K.S.Pajai , S.P.Waghmare , S.G.Mode , A.Y.Kolte , H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, S.H.Vyavahare
& Mohd.Mohsinuddin
ELAPHOSTRONGYLOSIS IN GOATS MAINTAINED AT WATERSHED PROJECT
K.S.Pajai, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode, A.Y.Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, Mohd.Mohsinuddin,
D.Chaudhary & I.K. Aghai
ENDOPARASITISM IN TWO LOCAL YOUNG GOATS
K.S.Pajai, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode, A.Y.Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, D.Chaudhary & I.K.
Aghai
A NON RESPONDING CASE OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN JERSEY
CROSSBRED COW
S. G. Mode, K. S. Pajai, S. P. Waghmare, A. Y. Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat,
S.H.Vyavahare, A.M.Bodkhe & Mohd.Mohsinuddin
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PROTECTIVE ANTIBODY TITRE AGAINST
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN BOVINES OF UTTARAKHAND
Anand Mohan, A. K. Upadhyay, Mahesh Kumar, Sumit Mahajan, Arvind Kumar, Rathish, R. L.
and Vipul Thakur
SEROTYPING OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS PRESENT IN BOVINES OF
UTTARAKHAND
Anand Mohan, A.K. Upadhyay, Mahesh Kumar, Sumit Mahajan, Arvind Kumar, Rathish, R.L.
and Vipul Thakur
CONCURRENT INFECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS AND JOHNE‟S DISEASE IN JERSEY
CROSSBRED COW
Sawalkar R.S., R.V. Suresh, Faris Delil Yesuf, Abhishek Yadav, M. Maheshkrishna, A.P.
Nambi, L. Gunaseelan
RISK AND ASSOCIATION OF MASTITIS WITH AGE AND BREED IN BOVINES OF TARAI
REGION OF UTTARAKAHAND
P.Bhatt, Sumit Mahajan, Ramakant and Y.P.S.Dabass
INCIDENCE OF BOVINE MASTITIS IN BANGALORE RURAL DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA
Chetan Kumar G K and LohithT.S
TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN PREGNANT BUFFALOES
S. Siva Jothi, V. C. Rayulu, K. Srinivasa Rao, B. Sudhakara Reddy and Somasekhara Reddy
CLINICAL CASES OF ABORTION IN OSMANABADI DOES DUE TO PESTEDES PETITS
RUIMNANT (GOAT PLAGUE) OUTBREAK
Bhagure R.C., A.B.Pande, B.K.Kakade
INCIDENCE OF THEILERIOSIS IN AND AROUND BANGALORE CITY
Sunita Choudhary., Upendra, H. A., Ravindranath, B.M., and Anu Bagga
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF BABESIOSIS
Chetan Kumar G K and M. Narayana Bhat
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF BABESIOSIS
EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF A TITLE OF ABSTRACT AND AUTHOR NAMEAL
HERBAL GEL IN ELIMINATING SUBCLINICAL INTRAMAMMARY INFECTIONS IN DAIRY
COWS
P.S. Khade, D.S. Nauriyal, B.B. Bhanderi and A.J. Dhami
EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF AN INTRAMAMMARY PREPARATION
CONTAINING CLOXACILLIN AND COLISTIN IN SUBCLINICAL INTRAMAMMARY
INFECTIONS IN DAIRY COWS
RED DYSENTERY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN A CROSSBRED COW
P.Pothiappan, V.Vaikunta Rao and L.Sivasudharsan
PREVALENCE OF AMPHISTOMIASIS IN SHIMOGA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA- A
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Ganesh Udupa, K., Suresh Patel, R., Poonam Vishwakarma and Anju Eliz Ben
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF MIXED INFECTION OF THEILERIOSIS IN MASTITIC
CATTLE
Garima Sharma and Alok Kumar, Vivek kumar, Naveen pandey, Brajesh kumar
Page
No.
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
Abstract
No.
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA DUE TO BABESIOSIS IN A
BULLOCK
Khangal P.S., Digraskar S.U., Pawar M.L., Rasal T.D., and Awale N.V.
CLINICAL SETARIOSIS IN A BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)
Pawar M.L., Khangal P.S., Rasal T.D., Digraskar S.U., Galdhar C.N. and Awale N.V.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ISOMETAMIDIUM CHLORIDE AGAINST
TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN CAMEL (Camellus dromedaries)
Rasal T.D., Pawar M.L., Khangal P.S., Digraskar S.U., Galdhar C.N. and Awale N.V.
SEROPREVALENCE OF BLUE TONGUE ANTIBODIES IN GOATS IN KANYAKUMARI
DISTRICT
R.Ramprabhu, J.J.Rajeswar, Y.K.M.Reddy and B.Murali Manohar
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS FROM GOAT MILK
Aher T. K., Kumar P., Roy A., Killedar A.
DETECTION OF Mycobacterium paratuberculosis INFECTION IN GOATS BY JHONIN
TESTING
Aher T. K., Kumar P., Killedar A.
CULTURE AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF MASTITIS IN GOATS
K. Satish Kumar, D. Srikala, S. Ayodhya, V.V.V. Amruth Kumar, P. Nagaraj and D. S. Tirumala
Rao
GANGRENOUS MASTITIS IN A COW – A CASE REPORT
S.J. Dhule and S.P.Waghmare
EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF VITAMIN A AND SERRATIOPEPTIDASE
IN CLINICAL MASTITIS IN BUFALOES
Inderjeet Yadav, Anshu Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, S.K. Phulia, V.K. Jain and Sridhar
SOME INVESTIGATIONS ON CLINICAL MASTITIS IN BUFFALOES
Inderjeet Yadav, Anshu Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, S.K. Phulia, V.K. Jain and Sridhar
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AgNANOPARTICLES
Zoya Zaheer and Rafiuddin
EFFICACY OF AMOXICILLIN-LONG ACTING AGAINST PNEUMONIA IN BOVINES
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, Jayanta Bhattacharya, Rashmi Karmarkar and A.M.Athawale
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMOSIS IN A RED KANDHARI
BULLOCK
S.U.Digraskar, V.D.Muley, B.W.Narladkar Meera Sakhare and Jaybhaye R.S
MANAGEMENT OF BABESIOSIS IN TWELEVE DAYS OLD NON-DESCRIPT COW CALF-A
CASE REPORT
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, B.W.Narladkar and Bhujbal R.D
MANAGEMENT OF CONCURRENT INFECTION OF DERMATOPHYTE AND DEMODEX
MITE IN A COW HEIFER
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, B.W.Narladkar, S. Maini, K.Ravikant, G.M.Chigure, B.S.Khillare and
S.T.Kalwaghe
SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN A COW CALF
M.P.Sakhare, S.U.Digraskar, V.D.Muley, B.W.Narladkar, P.B.Hase and M.F.M.F Siddiqui
BABESIA OVIS INFECTION IN GOAT – A CASE REPORT
M. K. Vidhya, G. C. Puttlakshmamma, S.C. Halmandge, V.R. Kasaralikar, R. Bhoyar and N.A.
Patil
OCCURRENCE OF BALANTIDIOSIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES
S.C. Halmandge, R. Bhoyar, V.R. Kasaralikar, K.G. Udupa and N.A. Patil
PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC INFESTATION IN GOATS
S.C. Halmandge, R. Bhoyar, M.K. Vidhya, V.R. Kasaralikar, and N.A. Patil
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MASTITIS IN AND AROUND BIDAR
P.S. Santosh, S.C. Halmandge, R. Bhoyar, N.A. Patil and V.R. Kasaralikar
EFFICACY OF VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM (PARENTERAL SUPPLEMENTATION) IN DRY
COWS IN PREVENTING UDDER INFECTION AFTER CALVING
Mrinalee Devi, and Jyoti B Dutta
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF CLOSANTEL AGAINST NASAL BOT FLY INFESTATION IN
A NON-DESCRIPT GOAT
S.U.Digraskar, M.P.Sakhare, V.D.Muley, B.W.Narladkar, P.B.Hase, Zaker Ali, S.V.Lokhande
and Karale A.D
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32
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33
33
34
34
35
35
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36
36
37
Abstract
No.
2.75
GANGRENOUS MASTITIS IN A GOAT: A CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, E.Venkatesakumar, K.Jayakumar, G.Vijayakumar, P.Suresh and
M.Subramanian
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37
3 NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
EFFECT OF LACTATIONAL STATUS ON TRACE ELEMENT PROFILE OF VRINDAVANI
COWS
R.K. Jadhav, A.A. Dar, M.C. Sharma and Pankaj Kumar
RUMEN ACIDOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS AND ITS CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
D.M. Makhdoomi, N.A. Tufani and A. Hafiz
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ACIDIC INDIGESTION IN NONDESCRIPT CATTLE
P.V.Sonone, J.U.Patil, V.E.Mahajan,G.N.Bhangale, Deepti gupta,A.S.Pathan, Mohd
Tarique,A.S.Shalini .
THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON DOWNER COW SYNDROME
V. Vaikunta Rao, K. Nalini Kumari and Ch. Srilatha
EFFICACY OF AN AREA SPECIFIC MINERAL MIXTURE ON THE MILK YIELD, BODY
WEIGHT AND HORMONAL PROFILE OF CATTLE OF THE STATE OF TRIPURA
Gunjan Das, M. C. Sharma & Chinmay Joshi
SOME EPIDEMIOLOGY ASPECT OF DOWNER SYNDROME IN DAIRY CATTLE
Patel, P. R. and Patel, B. R.
INCIDENCE OF CAPRINE ANEMIA IN AND AROUND PARBHANI TOWN OF
MARATHWADA
Bhagure R.C. and Rajguru D.N.
CAPRINE ANEMIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOME HAEMATINIC PREPARATIONS
Bhagure R.C., Rajguru D.N.
AN OUTBREAK OF „PARAKERATOSIS‟ IN A PIGGERY UNIT
K. Nalini Kumari, Ashwin Jayarajan, JV. Ramana, PRS Murthy, Karthikeyan and B. Sridevi
STATUS OF MACROMINERALS IN SOIL, FODDER AND SERUM OF COW HERD IN
SALINE TRACT AREA OF AKOLA DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA STATE
S.P. Waghmare, D.B. Sarode, A.Y. Kolte, N.P. Dakshinkar, S.G. Mode, S.Z. Ali, R.N. Dhore,
V.P. Pathak and S.H. Vyavahare
A NOTE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUMEN LIQUOR IN HEALTHY GOATS
Chetan Kumar G K
BOVINE LYMPHOSARCOMA IN A BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS)
N. Chand , S. Deshmukh, H.S. Banga, and K. Dua
HEMATO- BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETER STUDIES ON BURMESE 1 PIGS OF MIZORAM
K. Sarma, B. Konwar, M. A. Ali, G. Das, G. Kalita, F.A. Ahmed, B. Saikia, H. Bayan and V.
Nayan
HYDROTHORAX DUE TO HYPOPROTEINEMIA IN A CROSSBRED HEIFER
R.S. Singh, N. Chand and Ashwani Kumar
TREATMENT OF HYPOCALCAEMIA (MILK FEVER) IN A SURTI BUFFALO- A CASE
REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, K.H. Parmar and S.M. Parmar
EVALUATION OF TOXIC EFFECT OF FLUORIDE ON COLLAGEN PROTEIN AND
EXPRESSION OF COL1A1 GENE IN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF RATS
Gupta A.R., Dey S., Swarup D. and Saini M.
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE LANTANA POISONING IN A FLOCK OF GOATS
R.K.Bhardwaj, M.S.Bhadwal and S.K.Gupta
HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN IPOMOEA TOXICITY IN GOATS OF KANDI AREA
OF JAMMU
R.K.Bhardwaj, N.K.Pankaj and R.Singh
EFFECT OF DRAUGHT ON MINERAL STATUS IN BUFFALO IN ARID REGION
Subhash Kachhawaha and Dheeraj Singh
BRISKET EDEMA AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MEDICINAL TREATMENT IN BOVINES
Mrunali Kamble, S. U. Raut, S. Noor Mohammad, B. N. Meshram and Priya Nagare
SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE OF CARBENDAZIM ALTERS BIOCHEMICAL AND
HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE GOATS
P. M Waghe, S. Rampal and S.P.S Saini
38
38
39
39
39
40
40
40
41
41
42
42
42
43
43
44
44
44
45
45
46
Abstract
No.
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE OF CARBENDAZIM ADMINISTRATION ON ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS IN MALE GOATS
P. M Waghe, Rajdeep Kaur, S. Rampal and S.P.S Saini
EFFECT OF SUB ACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS ON PRODUCTION, RUMINAL AND
CLINICAL SCORES IN DAIRY ANIMALS OF R S PURA, JAMMU
Amjad Ul Islam, Kafil Hussain and S K Gupta
CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF DOWNER COW SYNDROME
Patel, Bhavika. R., Patel, P. R. and Nauriyal, D.S.
CLINICO-HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND ENZYME PROFILE OF COWS AFFECTED WITH
DOWNER COW SYNDROME
Patel, Bhavika. R.,Nauriyal, D.S. and Patel, P. R.
MANAGEMENT OF POSTPARTUM UDDER EDEMA IN A NONDESCRIPT COW-A CASE
REPORT
Korsapati Lakshmi, Ambica ,K.Satish kumar, and D.S.Tirumala Rao
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPOCALCAEMIA CONCURRENT
WITH LAMINITIS CROSSBRED COW: A CASE REPORT
Sawalkar R.S., M. Maheshkrishna, R.V. Suresh, A.P.Nambi
MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY TOXEMIA IN DOES
Sawalkar R.S., R.V. Suresh, M. Maheshkrishna, A.P. Nambi
UREA POISONING IN CROSS BRED JERSEY COWS- A CASE REPORT
Raviprakash K and Bhoyar R
PHOTOSENSITIVITY IN GOAT- A CASE REPORT
Sunita Choudhary, Upendra, H. A, Chetan Kumar. G. K., Ravindranath, B.M., and Anu Bagga
CLINICAL STUDIES ON RUMEN IMPACTION IN CATTLE IN AND AROUND JAMMU
A.K. Tripathi, J. S. Soodan, R. B. Kushwaha, Sharad Kumar
HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA IN A NON DESCRIPT DOE
,
Biju P.Habeeb ,Rathish R.L and Alex P.C.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF A NATURACEUTICAL COMBINATION FOR CALF
ENTERITIS
N. Munshi, M. Shaheen, R. Zaman and M.Ahmad
CLINICO HEMATO BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS AND POST MORTEM FINDINGS IN
BOVINE ABOMASAL ULCERATION
S A Hussain, S K Uppal and N K Sood
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF PHORATE TOXICITY IN CATTLES
Ratn Deep Singh and Mahesh Kumar Sharma
GOITRE IN PREMATURE KIDS DUE TO IODINE DEFICIENCY IN GOATS OF JAMMU
REGION
R.K.Bhardwaj, C.S.Randhawa, R.Ranjan and N.K.Sood
DIARRHOEA IN GOAT – A CASE REPORT
Mohd. Mohsinuddin, S.P.Waghmare, S.G. Mode, K.S. Pajai, A.M. Bodkhe, S.H. Vyavahare,
H.P. Korat, Dharmendra Chaudhary
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE ENVENOMATION IN A NON DESCRIPT
BULLOCK
Mohd. Mohsinuddin, S.P.Waghmare, S.G. Mode, A.Y. Kolte, A.M. Bodkhe, S.H. Vyavahare,
H.J. Waghode and Imran Khan
EVALUATION OF AGE RELATED CHANGES IN MICRO MINERAL PROFILE IN GROWING
MALE AND FEMALE VRINDAVANI CATTLE
Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo, Sarita Devi, Pankaj Kumar and M .C. Sharma
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CALF
ENTERITIS
M. Shaheen, A. Muhee, and R. Zaman
CYTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND THERAPY OF PERITONITIS IN CATTLE AND
BUFFALOES
S A Hussain, S K Uppal, N K Sood, C S Randhawa
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF A NEW ANTI-FIBRINOLYTIC DRUG (TRANEXAMIC ACID)
IN POST-PARTURIENT HAEMOGLOBINURIA IN BUFFALOES
Sridhar, V.K.Jain And Rakesh Kumar
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF OXALATE POISIONING IN CATTLE
S.U.Digraskar, M.P.Sakhare, V.D.Muley, Zaker Ali and S.V.Lokhande
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46
46
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48
48
48
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49
50
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51
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52
52
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Abstract
No.
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
MANAGEMENT OF POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA IN A OSMANABADI GOAT-A CASE
REPORT
S.V. Lokhande, V.D Muley, S.U Digraskar, M.P. Sakhare, Zaker Ali, P.B.Hase and M.F.M.F
Siddiqui
SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM VAGINAL PROLAPSE IN CASE OF
DOES-A CASE REPORT
H.S.Birade,S.B.Koli,C.L.Badgujar,S.U.Gulvane,R.R.Shelar &N.R.Dagli.
HAEMOGLOBINURIA DUE TO HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA IN A NON-DESCRIPT SHEBUFFALO: A CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, K.K.Ponnusamy, G.Vijayakumar, E.Venkatesakumar, R.Ezakial Napolean,
K.Krishnakumar and M.Subramanian
POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA IN A GOAT: A CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, E.Venkatesakumar, G.Vijayakumar, R.Ezakial Napolean and M.Subramanian
USE OF PHYSICAL METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS IN TRAUMATIC PERICARDITIS OF
CATTLE: A REVIEW OF SIX CASES
G.Senthil Kumar, K.K.Ponnuswamy, G.Vijayakumar, S.Kathirvel, S.Sivaraman,
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4 DISEASES OF COMPANION ANIMALS
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR PARESIS IN DOGS
Pardeep Sharma, B. Pal, R.K. Mandial and Adarsh Kumar
CHRONIC GASTRITIS IN A PUP- A CASE REPORT
P.V.Sonone, V.M.Dhoot, V.E.Mahajan,Deepti gupta, A.S.Pathan, B. S. Prajapati, Mohd
Tarique,A.S.Shalini,
HAEMOBORTENELLA CANIS INFECTION IN GOLDEN RETRIEVER-A CASE REPORT
P.V.Sonone, A.M.Rode, V.S. Lekami, H.P.Narkhede, A.S.Kinhekar, Ishfaq Qadri,V.Anjankar.
STUDIES ON PREVALENCE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SARCOPTIC
MANGE IN DOG
Kashatriya, K, Roy ,S ,Roy ,M , Ottalwar ,T ,Rath ,D, Deshmuck ,M& Viswakarma ,P
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SARCOPTIC MANGE IN DOGS
Roy, S .Roy M, Khashatriya, K Ottalwar, T., Rath, D., Vishwakarma, P
CLINICO-PATHOLOGIGAL FINDINGS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES
IN CANINES
Latesh Bhagat, J.L. Singh, A.K. Das and Mamta
REACTION TO VACCINATION WITH COMBINED DHLPPi VACCINE IN CANINES
A.M.Bodkhe, S.H.Vyavahare, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode and M.D. Pawshe
CLINICAL CASE OF ACUTE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA IN A DOG
OCCURRENCE OF Hepatozoon canis AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
K Sarma , M.Sarvanan , M.Kumar, K.Mahendran , D.B.Mondal
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE TRYPANOSOMIASIS
Mritunjay kumar, M. Saravanan, Kalyan Sarma, B. D. Sahu, S. K. Behera and D.B. Mondal
MULTICENTRE LYMPHOMA IN A PUG – A CASE REPORT
Mritunjay kumar, H. Vijay Kumar, K. K. Mishra, Pankaj Kumar and D. B. Mondal
SERUM ASCITES ALBUMIN GRADIENT (SAAG) IN ASCITIC DOGS
M. Saravanan, Mritunjay kumar, H. Vijay Kumar, Kalyan Sarma and D.B. Mondal
SEROPREVALENCE OF CORONA INFECTION IN DOGS
Prakash Kumar N., R.K. Bagherwal, Aarti Bhatele and Sanjay Shukla
SEROPREVALENCE OF PARVO VIRUS INFECTION IN DOGS
Prakash Kumar1, R.K. Bagherwal2, Aarti Bhatele3 and Sanjay Shukla
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANINE PYODERMA, A CASE REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, J.V. Vadaliya and K. Prajapati
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GIARDIASIS IN A POMERANIAN DOG, A CASE
REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, S.M. Parmar, J.V. Vadaliya and K.H. Parmar
TREATMENT OF PICA IN A DOG- A CASE REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, S.M. Parmar and K.H. Parmar
MALASSEZIA DERMATITIS IN A LABRADOR DOG- A CASE REPORT
Dr.K.Vijayakumar and M.G.Saranya
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58
58
59
59
59
60
60
61
61
61
62
62
62
63
63
63
64
Abstract
No.
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39
4.40
4.41
NEUROLOGICAL AFFECTIONS IN A TRYPANOSOMOSIS AFFECTED DOG
S. Kumar, P. Bhatt, V.S. Rajora, Latesh Bhagat and A. Devrari
MANAGEMENT OF IATROGENIC BLEEDING DISORDER AFTER ESTROGEN
ADMINISTRATION IN A MISMATED FEMALE DOG
Latesh Bhagat, P. Bhatt, S. Kumar, S. Gola and M.Z. Lattoo
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE HEARTWORM
Neelam Kushwaha,Niddhi Arora,Mamta,Satish Kumar,Amit Prasad and V.S.Rajora
MEDICO-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CYSTIC CALCULI IN DOG
Mamta,Yogita Adhikari, Satish Kumar,Niddhi Arora, Neelam Kushwaha ,Amit Prasad and
V.S.Rajora
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF GENERALIZED DEMODECOSIS AND PYODERMA IN
DOGS
Brijesh Kumar, Ramakant, R.K.Jadhav, Ram Sagar , M. Srivastava, Prabha Katiyar and
Perumal P.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CONCURRENT INFECTIONS OF EHRLICHIOSIS AND
HEPATOZOONOSIS IN A GSD: A CASE REPORT
Alok Kumar and Garima Sharma
NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN LABRADOR PUPS
Niddhi Arora, Satish Kumar, Amit Prasad and V.S. Rajora
A CASE OF TETANUS IN A YOUNG PUP
G.R.Bhojne,Shalini A.S,Priya Nagare,Mohammad Tarique and Ishfaq Quadri
ATYPICAL CASE OF DIPYLIDIOSIS IN DOG- A CASE REPORT
Bhoyar R, Puttalakshmamma G.C, Raghunath Reddy R and Prachi E Taksande
HYPOTHYROIDISM IN DOGS: A REPORT
Mrunali Kamble, B. N. Meshram, M. S. Dhakate and Priya Nagare
ASSESSMENT OF BIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GASTRO-ENTERITIC DOG
Vivek Kumar, Satish Kumar, Garima Sharma, Niddhi Arora and V.S.Rajora
MEDICINAL TREATMENT OF VENEREAL GRANULOMAS IN DOGS
B. N. Meshram, Mrunali Kamble, S. V. Upadhye, M. S. Dhakate and Priya Nagare
SUCCESSFUL THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF MIXED HAEMOPROTOZOAN
INFECTION IN DOG
V.S.Anjankar,A.M.Rode, G.R.Bhojne, S.V.Upadhye, Mohammad Tarique, A.S.Shalini, I.Qadri,
V.S.Lekami
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN A LABRADOR RETRIVER – A CASE REPORT
Priyanka, Pallav Shekhar, Pankaj Kumar, K.Mahendran and S.Dey
MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN DOGS: AN ANALYSIS OF 45 CASES
Umesh, C, G, Selvaraj, P, Jeyaraja, K, Nambi, A, P and Prathaban, S.
CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS IN A LABRADOR BITCH: A CLINICAL REPORT ON A RARE
CASE
Selvaraj, P, Jeyaraja, K, Umesh, C, G, Balagangathara Thilagar, M, Nambi, A, P and
Prathaban, S.
DETECTION OF MICROALBUMIN IN URINE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL FAILURE IN
DOGS
Kavitha, K. Yathiraj, S. Ansar Kamran, C. Narayana Bhat, M. and Ramachandra S.G.
MANAGEMENT OF EPISTAXIS IN DOG-A CASE REPORT
S.J.Dhule and R.K.Patil
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN DOGS IN
BANGALORE
Vidhya.M.Kanthi and H.A.Upendra
KIDNEY FAILURE AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY DIALYSIS
Dr. S. Haque and Mritunjay kumar
PREVALENCE OF CANINE PARVO VIRUS INFECTION IN AND AROUND JAMMU
V.S.Wazir, S.K.Gupta, R.K.Bhardwaj, A.K.Taku, , J.S.Soodan, S.K.Kotwal, R.Singh and
V.P.Singh
CLINICO-HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN CPV GASTROENTERITIS IN
CANINES
V.S.Wazir, S.K.Gupta, R.K.Bhardwaj, A.K.Taku, J.S.Soodan, S.K.Kotwal, R.Singh and
V.P.Singh
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CPV GASTROENTERITIS IN CANINES
V.S.Wazir, S.K.Gupta, R.K.Bhardwaj, A.K.Taku, J.S.Soodan, S.K.Kotwal, R.Singh and
V.P.Singh
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65
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66
66
67
67
67
67
68
68
68
69
69
69
70
70
70
71
71
72
72
Abstract
No.
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
4.46
4.47
4.48
4.49
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
4.54
4.55
4.56
4.57
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.64
4.65
CYPERMETHRIN TOXICITY IN DOG: A CASE REPORT
CONCURRENT DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A SPITZ
P.Vijayalakshmi, P.Selvaraj, D.Chandrasekaran, K.Padmanath, P.Thirunavukkarasu and A. P.
Nambi
MANAGEMENT OF PODODERMATITIS WITH CALENDULA OINTMENT IN A DOG
Shiju Simon, M
CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR – DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT – A
CASE REPORT
Sunita Choudhary, Upendra, H. A., Anu Bagga, and Ravindranath, B.M
ORAL IVERMECTIN EFFECT IN ADULT ONSET GENERALIZED DEMODICOSIS
Sunita Choudhary, Upendra, H. A., Anu Bagga and Ravindranath, B.M.
MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOMYOPATHY IN DOGS – A STUDY FOR 2 YEARS (2008 2010)
K. Satish Kumar, D. Srikala, P. Nagaraj, S. Ayodhya, V.V.V. Amruth Kumar and D. S. Tirumala
Rao
A CLINIC THERAPEUTIC STUDY ON LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A DOG
Riyas, M.A., Shenin, P.M. and K. Vijayakumar
EFFICACY EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUG IN DOGS
Misraulia, K.S., Mehta H. K., Maheshwari P. and Shakya V.
CLINICO HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES AFTER LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF
NSAIDS IN DOGS
FELINE SCABIES A CASE REPORT
Suresh Patel, R., Ganesh Udupa, K. and Poonam Vishwakarma,
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE STOMATITIS A CASE REPORT
Poonam Vishwakarma, Ganesh Udupa, K., Suresh Patel, R., and Anju Eliz Ben
CHOCOLATE POISONING IN A DOG – A CASE REPORT
ACUTE GASTRITIS DUE TO GASTRIC FOREIGN BODY – A CASE REPORT
Sunil kumar.K.M., Anjaneya. S.N., Nagaraj.K.M.,
®
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF GASTRIC UPSET DUE TO MEAT USING ZYMOPET A
CASE REPORT
Sunil kumar.K.M., Anjaneya. S.N., Nagaraj.K.M.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC MALASSEZIA PACHYDERMATITIS IN A
GERMAN SHEPHARD DOG A CASE REPORT
Korsapati Lakshmi,, Ambica and D.S.Tirumala Rao
A CASE REPORT OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN A GREAT DANE DOG
Korsapati Lakshmi ,P.Kalyani Ambica , and D.S.Tirumala Rao
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF ATRIO VENTRICULAR DISSOCIATION AND VENTRICULAR
TACHYCARDIA ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A DOG
Ajithkumar.S, Biju P. Habeeb, Ashwin Jayarajan and Alex P.C.
PRIMARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM IN A MONGREL MALE DOG
Rakesh Ranjan, Neetu Saini, Arun Anand and Chandrahas
A CASE STUDY OF SPLEENOMEGALY AND HEPATITIS IN LABRADOR DOG
N. G. Patel, R.G. Jani, T.B. Shukla, S.V.Parmar, S. M. Patel
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF A CLINICAL CASE OF CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS
Dr. Remya Raveendran and Dr. K.Vijayakumar
EVALUATION OF BLOOD MINERALS, VITAMINS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS INDICES IN
DOGS WITH MYCOTIC DERMATITIS
S. Beigh, J. S. Soodan, S.Rajiv and R.Raina
EVALUATION OF ZINC, COPPER AND VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION ALONG WITH
KETOCONAZOLE IN DOGS WITH MYCOTIC DERMATITIS
S. Beigh,J. S. Soodan, S.Rajiv, A.Tikko and S.Gagandeep
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN COMPANION ANIMALS AND ITS MANAGEMENT
G.D. Singh, Jasmeet Singh, A.C. Saxena, S.U. Nabi, Amarpal, P. Kinjavdekar and A.M. Pawde
CLINICAL PROPAEDEUTICS OF RENAL FAILURE IN DOGS
Ramakant, H.P. Lal, M.K. Srivastva, Pratibha Sachan and Ashish Shrivastva
Page
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72
73
73
74
74
75
75
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76
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77
77
78
78
78
79
79
80
80
80
81
81
82
Abstract
No.
4.66
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.74
4.75
4.76
4.77
4.78
4.79
4.80
4.81
4.82
4.83
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
4.88
4.89
SCOPE AND USE OF ULTRA SONOGRAPHY AS A COMPLEMENTARY METHOD IN
DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL DISEASES IN CANINES
A CASE OF INADVERTENT FEEDING OF SNAKE SCALE AND ITS RELATED TOXICITY
S.K. Behera, U. Dimri, M. Kumar and B.D. Sahu
FOUR CASES OF PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEOUS IN CANINE: ITS DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
S.K. Behera, U. Dimri, R. Jhambh and Kumara A.M.
HEMATO BIOCHEMISTRY AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CLINICAL CASES OF
CANINE HEPATOZOONOSES
S.K. Behera, D.P. Das, S.W. Monsang, B.D. Sahu
A RARE CASE OF GENERALIZED FORM OF TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL GRANULOMA
IN A MONGREL DOG
S.K. Behera, N.P. Kurade, U. Dimri, S.W. Monsang and K.K. Mishra
RICKETS IN A GERMAN SHEPHERD PUP A CASE REPORT
M.O. Kalim, P. Vishwakarma, R.K.Sonawane and R.Zaman
MANAGEMENT OF OTORRHOEA IN DOGS
M.O. Kalim, P. Vishwakarma, R.K.Sonawane and R. Zaman
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF A CASE OF PYODERMA IN A FEMALE LABRADOR
RETRIEVER DOG
V.H. Shyma and K. Vijayakumar
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Nethra.R, Ramesh P.T and Pradip.V.Bawane
CLINICAL STUDY ON CARDIAC DISORDER IN DOGS
Pradip v. Bawane, Ramesh P.T. and Nethra .R
CHOCOLATE POISONING IN A LABRADOR DOG AND ITS MANAGEMENT
M.C. Anil Kumar, P.T. Ramesh, Santosh Sarangamath, and H.A. Upendra
CANINE BABESIOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Ashish Sharma & Akhilesh Kamal
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF HEPATIC DISORDERS IN DOGS
Tomar S.S., H.K. Mehta and K.S. Misraulia
DEMODICOSIS IN CANINES AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Ramakant, Sumit mahajan, P.Bhatt, Vivek Kumar and Y.P.S.Dabass
CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Ramakant, Sumit mahajan, P.Bhatt and Y.P.S.DABAS
CONCURRENT EHRLICHIOSIS AND BABESIOSIS IN A YOUNG GERMAN SHEPHARD
BITCH
K.S.Pajai, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode, A.Y.Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, A.M.Bodkhe &
Mohd.Mohsinuddin
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE PAPILLOMATOSIS BY HEMOTHERAPY: A
CASE REPORT
Garima Sharma and Vishnu Kumar
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH) IN
DOGS
H. Vijayakumar, N.N. Pandey, K.K. Mishra, Amol Gurav, D.B. Mondal
CLINICAL HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL & ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDY IN ASCETIC DOG
Rode A.M,Mohammad.Tarique,Shrikhande G.B,Rajguru D.N, Upadhye S.V and Shalini A.S
ORAL CANDIDIASIS (THRUSH) IN A LABRADOR DOG A CASE REPORT
Zaker Ali, V.D Muley, S.U Digraskar, M.P. Sakhare, M.F.M.F Siddiqui and S.V. Lokhande
STING BITE STOMATITIS IN A DOBERMAN DOG AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, Meera Sakhare, P.B.Hase, M.F.M.F Siddiqui, Zaker Ali and
S.V.Lokhande
CARDIOMEGALY IN A SPITZ: A CASE REPORT
A.K.Rautray, R.C.Patra and K.K.Sardar
DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN DOGS WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY
G. Vijayakumar E.Venkatesakumar, S. Sivaraman and M. Subramanian
ENDOSCOPIC RETRIEVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES FROM THE UPPER
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF DOGS-A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN 19 CASES
G. Vijayakumar A.P. Nambi, S.R.Srinivasan and S. Prathaban
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83
83
83
84
84
84
85
85
85
86
86
86
87
87
88
88
89
89
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90
90
91
91
Abstract
No.
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.93
4.94
4.95
4.96
HEPATOZOONOSIS INFECTION IN NON-DESCRIPT DOG FROM MUMBAI CITY: STUDIES
ON CLINICAL, HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Ingole K S, Sawale G. K, Rohi R. R., Sabale S. S., Kadam D.P., Bharkad G. P, and Vishwasrao
SV
HAEMODIALYSIS IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN DOGS
M. Chandrasekar,K.Jeyaraja,P.S.Thirunavukkarasu and A.P.Nambi
DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE DATABASE OF CANINE BIOMARKERS: A BIOINFORMATICS
APPROACH
Prof.Dr.P.Dhanapalan and Dinakaran, M. V
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF IDIOPATHIC DETRUSOR INSTABILITY IN A DOG: A
CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, K.K.Ponnuswamy, G.Vijayakumar, K.Krishnakumar and M.Subramanian
TETANUS IN A DOG-A CASE REPORT
D.G.Dighe
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE ACUTE RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS WITH
HEMODIALYSIS
Garud K.V., Gaikwad R.V., Patil S. B., Hatzade R. I., Pawar M. L.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF IMHA AND ITS COMPLICATIONS IN GOLDEN
RETRIEVER DOG
Patil S.B., Hatzade R.I., Garud K.V., Dighe D.G., Velhankar R.D., Gaikwad R.V., Galdhar C.N.
and Keskar D.V.
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92
92
93
93
93
94
5 AVIAN MEDICINE
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
LEAD INDUCED TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS AND THEIR ALLEVIATION IN
BROILER CHICKENS
Ritesh Jaiswal, S.L. Ali, Neelu Gupta, K.C.P. Singh, Ranjana Rathore, T. Ottalwar and D. Rath
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS AND α -TOCOPHEROL ON
LEAD INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BROILER CHICKENS
Ritesh Jaiswal, S.L. Ali, S. Roy, M. Roy, Sanjay Shakya, Ranjana Rathore and H. Vaishya
EFFECT OF Moringa oleifera ON EFFICACY OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED
HEPATOTOXICITY IN COCKERELS
Praveen Kumar, S. K. Shukla, Mahesh Kumar and V. S. Rajora
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT DRUGS AGAINST INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS IN BROILERS
Anupriya Chandrakar, S.K. Shukla, Rajesh Kumar and Pankaj Prakash
EFFICACY OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS AGAINST INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS IN
BROILERS
AN INVESTIGATION OF DISEASE AND MORTALITY STATUS OF BACK YARD POULTRY
IN AIZAWL DISTRICT, MIZORAM
Devajani Deka, T. K. Rajkhowa, H. Bayan, R. Ravindran, J. G. Tiwari, L. Ralte and E. Motina
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF LIVE ATTENUATED LENTOGENIC STRAIN RANIKHET
DISEASE VACCINE IN COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKS
U. Biswas, S. Chettri, C. Guha, A. Chatterjee, P.S. Jana, S.B. Saha and B. Roy
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF MODIFIED RANIKHET DISEASE VACCINE AND
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE RANIKHET DISEASE VACCINE IN RHODE ISLAND RED
CHICKS
C. Guha, R.P. Mahato, U. Biswas, A. Chatterjee, P.S. Jana, S.B. Saha, B.Roy
GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF DESI BIRDS – A CASE REPORT
Chetan Kumar G K and Sudarshan V
GENOTYPING OF FOWL ADENOVIRUS FROM INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS IN
POULTRY BY PCR-RFLP
M.C. Anil Kumar, Ravindra Bhoyar, P.K. Patil, Ramneek, N.K. Sood and K.S. Sandhu
CLONING OF HEXON GENE OF FOWL ADENOVIRUS 4 ISOLATE
PHYLOGENTIC ANALYSIS OF FOWL ADENOVIRUS ISOLATES
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS OUTBREAKS IN
NORTHERN INDIA
95
95
96
96
97
97
98
98
99
99
99
100
100
Abstract
No.
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
EFFECT OF RENDERED BYPRODUCT ON INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF FOOT PAD
DERMITITIS IN GROWING TURKEY POULT.
Awachat Vaibhav, Majumdar Samir, Mandal Asit. and Bhanja S. K
ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF PINEAPPLE AND NEEM LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTALLY
INFECTED ASCARIDIA GALLI INFECTION OF BROILER CHICKENS
H.Prasad, W. M. Lyngdoh and G. Das
EFFICACY OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN BROILER BIRDS
Siddiqui M F M F, A Y Kolte and S G Mode
IN VIVO EFFICACY OF HEAT KILLED Mycobacterium phlei AND MUSHROOM
POLYSACCHARIDE IN EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED SUB CLINICAL CAECAL
COCCIDIOSIS OF BROILER CHICKEN: A COMBINATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL,
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION.
AK Bera, D Pan, D Bhattacharya, B. Manna and SK Das
ANTISTRESS EFFECT OF INDIAN GOOSEBERRY (Emblica officinalis) AND PROBIOTIC
ON THE GROWTH AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF BROILERS DURING HOT HUMID
WEATHER
Untoo M., Sharma R.K.
AMELIORATION OF CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANAEMIA VIRUS INDUCED
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH IMMUNOMODULATORS AND HAEMATINIC
SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHICKS
P. Bhatt, S.K. Shukla, A.K. Thathoo and Rajesh Kumar
PROTEUS MIRABILIS CAUSES ENTERITIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE WITH
PATHOGENICITY IN DUCKS
D. Mondal and S.K.Sahoo
SALMONELLOSIS IN DUCK : ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION
PROVENTRICULAR DILATATION DISEASE IN A BLUE-GOLD MACAW
Shiwani.D. Tandel, Siddharth Sable
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101
101
102
102
103
103
104
105
6 EQUINE AND PACK ANIMAL MEDICINE
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT LARYNGEAL HEMIPLEGIA IN A THOROUGHBRED
HORSE
P.Pothiappan, P.Dhanapalan, S.R.Srinivasan and A.P.Nambi
ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF PHARYNGEAL LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA IN A
THOROUGHBRED HORSE
BOG SPAVIN AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN A KATHIAWARI HORSE
CLINICO HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF
IMPACTIVE COLIC IN HORSES
N. Chand, S.K.Uppal, C.S. Randhawa, R.S. Singh, D. K. Gupta, Ashwani Kumar
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FENBENDAZOLE, ALBENDAZOLE AND DORAMECTIN
AGAINST STRONGYLE WORMS OF PONIES IN CENTRAL ZONE OF KASHMIR VALLEY
Maria, A., Shahardar, R.A. and Bushra, M.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH PROFILE OF CAMELS (Camelus dromedaries) OF NORTH
GUJARAT AND KUTCHH REGION
Ghoke S. S., Jadhav K. M. and Kanchan Thorat
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAD EXPOSURE IN RURAL AND URBAN CAMELS
(Camelus dromedaries) OF NORTH GUJARAT AND KUTCHH REGION
COMPARATIVE STATUS OF OSMOTIC FRAGILITY OF ERYTHROCYTES IN RURAL AND
URBAN CAMELS (Camelus dromedaries) OF NORTH GUJARAT AND KUTCHH REGION
PREVALENCE OF EQUINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN JAMMU
Randhir Singh, S. K. Gupta and S. R. Upadhyay
EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF SOME ANTHELMINTICS IN EQUINE
STRONGYLOSIS
Pankaj Prakash, J.L.Singh, Mahesh Kumar & A.H.Ahmad
106
106
106
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
Abstract
No.
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATUS OF EQUINE STRONGYLOSIS IN SOME PARTS OF U.P. AND
UTTARAKHAND
Pankaj Prakash, J.L.Singh, Mahesh Kumar & S.K. Shukla
PINWORM INFESTATION IN A KATHIAWADI HORSE
K.S.Pajai, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode, A.Y.Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, S.H.Vyavahare &
Mohd.Mohsinuddin
CLINICO – HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON IMPACTIVE COLIC IN
EQUINES
Sushma Yadav, V K Jain, Rakesh Kumar, Sridhar and Neelesh Sindhu
THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON IMPACTIVE COLIC IN EQUINES
SPASMODIC COLIC AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN A HORSE
V K Jain, Rakesh Kumar, Sridhar, Neelesh Sindhu, Sushma Yadav and Divya Agnihotri
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS IN HORSES AND
MULES OF JAMMU REGION
Gagandeep Singh, J.S. Soodan, J.K. Khajuria, Rajesh Agrawal and Abha Tikoo
ALTERATIONS IN THE CLINICAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS IN THE CASES OF EQUINE COLIC
Gagandeep Singh, J.S. Soodan, A.K. Tripathi and Shafayat Ahmed Beigh
MOSQUITO BITE ALLERGIC DERMATITIS IN HORSE: A CASE REPORT
Sawalkar R.S., R.V. Suresh, M. Maheshkrishna, B. Gowri, A.P. Nambi
CLINICAL DISORDERS AS WELL AS BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN DROMEDARIES
DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS
D. SuchitraSena, N.Sharma and N.V. Patil
PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY Pseudomonas aeroginosa IN HORSE- A CASE REPORT
J. S. Soodan, A.K. Tripathi, B. Kumar, A. Tikko
ENTEROLITH ASSOCIATED IMPACTION COLIC IN A HORSE: A CASE STUDY
Selvaraj, P, Umesh, C, G, Sridhar, S, Jeyaraja, K, Suresh, R,V and Nambi, A, P.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTIVE VERMINUS COLIC IN A FEMALE DONKEY
Sujata Turkar, C. S. Randhawa and K. Dua
MEDICINAL MANAGEMENT OF TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN A HORSE-A CASE REPORT
S.U.Digraskar, B.W.Narladkar, V.D.Muley, M.P.Sakhare, P.B.Hase, Karale A.D, Jaybhaye R.S.
and Bhujbal R.D.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EQUINE COLIC IN GUJARAT STATE: STUDY OF 24 CASES
S.V. Mavadiya, S.A. Mehta
S.K. Raval
TUMBA AS A LAXATIVE IN CAMEL: A CASE STUDY
N.Sharma, D. Suchitra Sena and N.V. Patil
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EQUINE COLIC IN GUJARAT STATE: STUDY OF 24 CASES
S.K. Raval
EQUINE PARALYTIC MYOGLOBINURIA IN A YOUNG MALE HORSE -A CASE STUDY
D.G.Dighe, R.V.Gaikwad, R.D.Velhankar,C.N.Galdhar and D.V.Keskar
TREATMENT OF EYEWORM IN HORSE WITH LEVAMISOLE
K.C. Gangurde
TREATMENT OF HYGROMA OF CARPUS WITH METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE IN
HORSE
K.C. Gangurde
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No.
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110
110
111
111
111
112
112
113
113
114
114
114
115
115
116
116
116
117
7 WILD LIFE MEDICINE
7.1
7.2
7.3
HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL STUDY IN A LION SUFFERING FROM CONTACT DERMATITIS
AND RENAL FAILURE
U. K. De, S. Dey and Chandan Prakash
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN A MONGOOSE (Herpestes edwardsii)
Ghoke S S and Kanchan Thorat
STUDY OF BACTERIAL MICROFLORA OF A DISEASED PRIMATE (Hanuman Langur)
AND MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE CASE
S.M. Parmar, R.G. Jani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, R.A. Mathakiya and K.L. Thavani
118
118
119
Abstract
No.
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTROCUTION/ELECTRIC SHOCK IN A PRIMATE
(Hanuman Langur)
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, S.M. Parmar and J.V. Vadaliya
CASE STUDY OF DOG BITE INJURY IN HANUMAN LANGUR (Presbytis entellus)
S.M. Parmar, R. G. Jani, R. A. Mathakiya, and K. L. Thavani
SURVEY STUDY OF DISEASES AND DISORDERS IN FREE LIVING HANUMAN LANGUR
(Presbytis entellus)
S.M. Parmar, R. G. Jani, K. L. Thavani , and R.A. Mathakiya
TREATMENT OF TIGER CUB SUFFERING FROM HEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS.
Mehta Hemant and Dongre Jyoti
SPINAL INJURY IN HYENA – A CASE REPORT
H.K.Mehta and S.S.Mehesare
ENDOPARASITIC INFESTATION IN CAPTIVE DEER: A CASE REPORT
Mohd. Mohsinuddin, S.P.Waghmare, S.G. Mode, A.M. Bodkhe, S.H.Vyavahare, H.P. Korat,
H.J. Waghode
CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF AN INCIDENTAL PARAGONIMIASIS IN A
TIGRESS : A CASE REPORT
J.L. Singh, A.K.Thathoo, A.K. Das, Vivek Kumar & Mir Mudasir
CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF ACCIDENTAL TRAUMA IN A WILD TUSKER
ASIAN ELEPHANT
J.L. Singh, A.K.Thathoo, A.K. Das, S.P.G. Bhalla, Vivek Kumar, Satish Kumar, Mir Mudasir,
Latesh, Yogita & Renu
EFFICACY OF CYPERMETHRIN AGAINST TICK INFESTATION IN TIGER CUBS
S.S. Bawaskar, M.S. Bawaskar, R.D. Tembhurne
USE OF DORAMECTIN IN LEOPARD FOR REMOVING INTESTINAL PARASITE
S.S. Bawaskar, R.D. Tembhurne, M.S.Bawaskar and G.R.Bhojne
PARAGONIMIASIS IN TIGER (Panthra tigris) CUB
S.S. Bawaskar, R.D. Tembhurne and M.S. Bawaskar
SOME BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF CAPTIVE FELIDS OF SIDHHARTH ZOO,
AURANGABAD
Ghoke S. S., Awaz K. B. and Bhikane A. U.
FEED CONSUMPTION, DIET DIGESTIBILITY, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM METABOLITE
PROFILE OF CAPTIVE CLOUDED LEOPARD (Neofelis nebulosa)
A. Das, M. Saini, S.P. Gupta, S Katole and A.K. Sharma
FEED CONSUMPTION, DIET DIGESTIBILITY, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM METABOLITE
PROFILE OF CAPTIVE SNOW LEOPARD ( Uncia uncia )
A. Das, M. Saini, S.P. Gupta, A.K. Sharma and D. Swarup
TREATMENT OF A SKIN INFECTION IN AN INDIAN STAR TORTOISE (Geochelone
elegans) : A CASE REPORT
Dr. Khadpekar Y.R., Dr. Khangal P. S., Dr. Pawar S.W.
Page
No.
119
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120
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121
121
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124
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125
126
127
8 ETHNOVETERINARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
Protective role of Psidium.guajava in Arsenic induced myocardial injury in rats
Roy, M., Tandon, N., Roy, S., Kumar, M
Ameliorative potential of psidium guajava on haemato-biochemical alterations in arsenic
exposed Wistar rats
N. Tandan, S. Roy M and Roy, M. Kumar
Comparative antibacterial activity of hot methanolic extracts of ten common Indian
medicinal plants
Arvind Sharma, Amit Kumar and Sharad K. Yadav
Antibacterial potential of plant extracts against drug resistant goat isolates
Ashok Kumar, D Dwivedi , V K Gupta and V S Vihan
MANAGEMENT OF BOVINE ENDOMETRITIS AND REPEAT BREEDING THROUGH
HERBAL THERAPY
K.K. Hadiya, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and K.B. Vala
TWO CASES OF CANINE DEMODICOSIS IN MONGRELS: SATISFACTORY RESPONSE
ACHIEVED BY ETHNO-VETERINARY APPROACH
Garima Sharma and Alok Kumar
128
128
129
129
130
130
Abstract
No.
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
AN OVERLOOKED YET A MIRACULOUS CONCEPT:ETHNO-VETERINARY MEDICINE
Garima Sharma, Alok Kumar, Vivek Kumar and S. K. Shukla
ETHOVETERINARY PRACTICE OF SHIKARIPURA TALUK OF SHIVAMOGGA DIST,
KARNATAKA
Sunil Kumar.K.M., Anjaneya.S.N., Hemanna gowda
EFFECT OF A POLYHERBAL PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF MIMOSA
POISONING IN CATTLE
Premni Elias, Usha N.P., Bibu John, Alex P.C.
CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTING ETHNO-VETERINARY PRACTICES
Pachaiyappan, K., P. Mathialagan, N. Punniamurthi and N. K. Sudeep Kumar
ETHNO-VETERINARY PRACTICES FOR HEALTH DISORDERS OF GOAT IN BAREILLY
DISTRICT (UTTAR PRADESH)
V. Sasikala, M. Saravanan, Rupasi Tiwari, M. Murugan and M.C. Sharma
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF Ocimum
Sanctum AND Emblica Officinalis AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON CYCLOPHASPHAMIDEINDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
A.K. Tripathi and V.S.Rajora
EFFECT OF Withania somnifers AND Azadirectica indica AS ADJUNCT THERAPY ON
HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES IN DIARRHOEIC BUFFALO CALVES
A.K. Tripathi and V.S. Rajora
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF
AND PEEL FRACTIONS OF Punica granatum
Priyanka , Ashok Kumar , V S Vihan
EVALUATION OF SUCCESSIVE EXTRACTS OF Punica granatum (PEEL) FOR
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MDR BACTERIA
Swati Chauhan , Ashok Kumar , V S Vihan
TRADITIONAL TREATMENT PRACTICES ADOPTED BY CAMEL OWNERS AGAINST
CAMEL DISEASES
Tuteja, F.C., Dixit, S.K., Kumar, S., Patil, N.V. and Singh, J.P.
ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC
EXTRACT OF HERBS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION AGAINST COMMON PATHOGENS
OF COW MASTITIS
D. K. Gupta, V. S. Rajora and S. P. Singh
AMELIORATION EFFECT OF FEW HERBAL PLANTS AGAINST EXPERIMENTALLY
INDUCED LEAD TOXICITY
Pankaj Kumar, M C Sharma, D Swarup, S Dey, R K Jadav and R R Kumari
IN-OVO TESTING OF INDIGENOUS HERBAL EXTRACTS FOR ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY
AGAINST HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS
Richa Sood, D. Swarup1, S. Bhatia, D.D. Kulkarni, M. Saini1, S. Dey1 and S.C. Dubey
EFFICACY OF Boeraavia diffusa AS RENO-PROTECTANT IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC
KIDNEY DISEASE
O.L. Nethaji, V. Vaikunta Rao and K. Nalini Kumari
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST MDR
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Deepak dwivedi, Ashok kumar, Prachi dwivedi, Priyanka raj and V S Vihan
THE SAFETY ASSESSMENT STUDY OF THE BI HERBAL METHALONIC EXTRACT AND
PARACETAMOL IN ALBINO WISTAR RAT
Mehta S.A., Mavadiya S.V and Vagh A.A.
THE EFFICACY OF BI HERBAL PLANT EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN
PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXIC RATS
Raval S.K., Mehta S.A and Mavadiya S.V
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133
133
134
134
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135
135
136
137
137
138
138
139
139
9 POSTER PRESENTATION
9.1
9.2
MANAGEMENT OF ANESTROUS IN PUBERTAL GIR HEIFERS USING OVSYNCH
PROTOCOL
Nitin Khade, D.M. Patel, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and S.N. Nevase
ESTROUS INDUCTION IN PUBERTAL ANESTROUS GIR HEIFERS USING CIDR
PROTOCOL
Nitin Khade, D.M. Patel and Mehrajuddin Naikoo
140
140
Abstract
No.
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
9.19
9.20
9.21
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.25
9.26
ROLE OF GENETIC MARKER IN AVIAN DISEASE RESISTANT
.
AWACHAT VAIBHAV , RAJIB DEB
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EMERGING AVIAN DISEASES IN INDIA
AWACHAT VAIBHAV, DEB RAJIB
IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CERTAIN HERBS
Mritunjay kumar D. B. Mondal, S.K Singh and B.D. Sahu
TRAUMATIC PERICARDITIS ASSOCIATED DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN A CROSS BRED
BULL – A CASE REPORT
H. Vijayakumar, M. Saravanan, A.A. Ansari, D.B. Mondal and S. Dey
TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF POSTPARTUM GENITAL PROLAPSE IN A GOAT
Mehrajuddin Naikoo, T.B. Shukla, Sachin Parmar, P.V. Parikh and Anil Langer
MANAGEMENT OF DYSTOCIA BY FETOTOMY IN A SURTI GOAT
Mehrajuddin Naikoo, Anil Langer, T.B. Shukla and P.B. Patel
EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS BY TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN GIR
HEIFER COWS
Nitin Khade, D.M. Patel, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and M.M. Gohil
ISOLATION OF MICRO ORGANISM AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF EYE
AFFECTIONS IN ANIMALS
Md. Moin Ansari, F.U.Peer, B.A, Moulvi and Zubair Ahmad Akhoon,
STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON EYE AFFECTIONS IN DOMESTIC
ANIMALS AND SURGICO THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Md. Moin Ansari, F.U.Peer, B.A, Moulvi and Zubair Ahmad Akhoon
A CASE OF ANTE PARTUM PROLAPSE IN DECCANI SHEEP AND IT‟S SUCCESSFUL
TREATMENT
A CASE OF PARAPHIMOSIS AND IT‟S SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT IN DECCANI RAM
Mane P. M., Dhole P. T. and Nimase R.G.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF BILATERAL CONTRATED FLEXOR TENDON
Mrunali Kamble, S. U. Raut, S. Noor Mohammad and B. N. Meshram
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT IN CORNEAL OPACITY : A REPORT
B. N. Meshram, Mrunali Kamble and Priya Nagare
WRY NECK CONDITION DUE TO BACTERIAL OTITIS IN RABBITS
R.K.Bhardwaj, Ankur Sharma, A.K. Taku and Ajay Gupta
MANAGEMENT OF MITE INFESTATION IN AN AUSTRILIAN PARROT
R. K. Bhardwaj, R. Singh and M.S.Bhadwal
AVAILING PROSPECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
LEISHMANIASIS IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT
Sudhakara Reddy. B, K. Nalini Kumari, S. Siva Jothi, P. Gopal Reddy and V. C. Rayulu
TYPICAL CASE OF DEMODECTIC MANGE IN PUP AND ITS TREATMENT
D.V. Aghav, Deepti Gupta and Sushma Shelu
PREVENTION OF ARSENIC INDUCED RENAL APOPTOSIS BY CONCORDANT
ADMINISTRATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOM, Pleurotus florida lectin (PFL)
T Rana, AK Bera, S Das, D Bhattacharya, D Pan, S Bandyopadhyay, S Bandyopadhyay, SK
Das
IN VITRO STUDY OF APOPTOSIS INDUCING NOVEL NANOMATERIAL FOR ITS
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITY AGAINST PROTOSCOLECES OF Echinococcus
granulosus
S De, D Pan, AK Bera, V Sreevatsava, S Bandyopadhyay, S Bandyoapadhyay, D Chaudhuri, S
Kumar, T Rana, S Das, SK Das, VV Suryanarayana and D Bhattacharya
AN ACUTE CASE OF MASTITIS AND ITS TREATMAENT- A CASE REPORT
Deepti Gupta, Raman Gupta, Nitin Kumar Caesor and Arvind Sharma
OLD CASE OF MIXED PROLAPS OF VAGINA AND RECTUM AND ITS TREATMENT
Deepti Gupta, Raman Gupta, Arvind Sharma and Nitin Kumar Caesor
AUTOHAEMOTHERAPY IN GOAT PAPILLOMATOSIS
CORNEAL OPACITY IN AN INDIAN RING-NECKED PARROT AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Jasmeet Singh, Madhu D. N., S. U. Nabi, J. A. Vala, A. M. Pawde and S. Dey
Page
No.
141
141
142
142
142
143
143
144
144
145
145
146
146
146
147
147
148
148
148
149
149
149
150
150
Abstract
No.
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
9.38
9.39
9.40
9.41
9.42
9.43
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.48
9.49
9.50
9.51
MANAGEMENT OF ANESTROUS IN PUBERTAL GIR HEIFERS WITH OVSYNCH PLUS
CIDR COMBINATION
D.M. Patel, Nitin Khade, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and R.D. Patil
CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PREPARTUM GENITAL PROLAPSE IN A GIR COW
ADOPTION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PPR VACCINE AT FIELD LEVEL
Rupasi Tiwari, M.C. Sharma and B.P. Singh
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ONION (Allium cepa) POISONING IN RED KANDHARI
BULLOCKS
Rakh B J, Sakhre M P, Muley V D, Digraskar S U
THIAMINE DEFICIENCY IN A GOAT: A CASE REPORT
Mehere Y.S., Nimase R. G. and Mane P. M.
DIABETES MELLITUS IN DOGS - A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Priyanka, P.S.Thirunavukkarasu, D.Sumathi, K.Jeyaraja, S.Vairamuthu and A.P.Nambi
HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND BONE MARROW STUDIES ON ANEMIC, ACID FAST
BACILLI SHEDDING AND HEALTHY COWS
R. K .Bhardwaj, C. S. Randhawa, S. S. Randhawa and N.K.Sood
PRIMARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM IN A MONGREL MALE DOG
DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN A GOAT KID- A REPORT
Saravanan. M, Sasikala. V, Ranjithkumar. M, Kalyansharma and Mondal. D.B
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON CANINE SYSTEMIC DISORDERS
K. Satish Kumar, D. Srikala, V.V.V. Amruth Kumar, S. Ayodhya, P. Nagaraj and D. S. Tirumala
Rao
NANOWORLD: - A NEW HOPE IN VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE
Dr. Vishnu Kumar
SUCCESSFUL THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF THEILERIOSIS IN A RED KANDHAR
CALF
P. S. Khangal, M. L. Pawar, N. V. Awale, C. N. Galdhar, T. D. Rasal, and S. U. Digraskar.
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN A SPITZ DOG – A CLINICAL CASE REPORT
M. L. Pawar, .P. S. Khangal, N. V. Awale, C. N. Galdhar, T. D. Rasal, and S. U. Digraskar.
TELEMEDICINE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE
Sarita Devi, R.D. Singh, J. A. Vala, Rupsi Tiwari and M.C. Sharma
EVALUATION OF MICRO-MINERAL STATUS OF VRINDAWANI CALVES OF DIFFERENT
AGE GROUPS
Sarita Devi, Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo, Pankaj Kumar, Rupsi Tiwari and M.C. Sharma
MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A LABRADOR DOG
Sarita Devi, R.G. Jani and J.P. Varshney
STUDY ON MORTALITY IN ADULT SURTI BUFFALOES
Dr. N.A. Patil and Dr. Vivek Kasaralikar
CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DAMAGE DUE TO PHYSICAL INJURY IN A GOAT
Mahendran, K., Ranjithkumar, M., Kamili, N. M. and Dey, S.
SEROPREVALENCE OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN KERALA - A PRELIMINARY
STUDY
Deepa.P.M.and Bipin. K.C.
CANINE FLEA ALLERGY DERMATITIS- A SURVEY
A.Abiramy, P.T.Ramesh, K.Rajkumar, K.Sripad, H.A.Upendra and C. Ansar Kamran
EPILEPTIC SEIZURES – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
K.Rajkumar, P.T.Ramesh, K.Sripad, A.Abiramy and C. Ansar Kamran
ASCITES – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
K. Sripad, P.T.Rames, K.Rajkumar, A.Abiramy and H.A.Upendra
PREVALENCE OF BOVINE PARAMPHISTOMOSIS IN JAMMU DISTRICT
Rajesh Kumar Kalha and Rajesh Agarwal
STUDIES ON UDDER HEALTH AND BULK TANK MILK QUALITY AT MACHINE MILKED
DAIRY COW HERDS
A.Q. Mir, B.K. Bansal, D.K. Gupta and S.S. Randhawa
SUCCESSFUL THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF NEUTROPHILIC COLITIS IN A DOG
K.K.Ponnuswamy, R.Ramprabhu, G.Senthilkumar, K.Krishnakumar, M.Subramanian and
S.Prathaban
Page
No.
150
151
151
152
152
153
153
154
154
154
155
155
156
156
156
157
157
157
158
158
158
159
159
159
160
Abstract
No.
9.52
9.53
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.57
9.58
9.59
9.60
9.61
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.65
9.66
9.67
9.68
9.69
9.70
9.71
9.72
9.73
9.74
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CARBAMATE POISONING IN DOGS
K.K.Ponnuswamy, G.Senthilkumar, R.Ramprabhu, K.Krishnakumar, M.Subramanian and
S.Prathaban
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE ENVENOMATION IN DOGS
S.Prathaban
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC PROTOCOLS FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF BLOAT IN CATTLE
A.Muhee, N. A. Tufani, M. Shaheen, H. U. Malik and R. Zaman
A REVIEW OF NEW CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS AGAINST CANINE DISTEMPER
Dipika Kadaba
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY IN A DOG–A
CASE REPORT
Abdul Alim Ansari, H. Vijayakumar, K. Mahendran, U. Dimri
TREATMENT OF PAPILLOMATIOSIS OF UDDER IN CROSSBRED HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN
COWS WITH LITHIUM ANTIMONY THIOMALATE AND THUJA OINTMENT
S.T. Borikar, B. N. Ambore and D.A. Pawalkar
PICA IN CATTLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT
A. S. Lengare, A. U. Bhikane, S. S. Ghoke, K. B. Awaz and V. V. Karande
A CASE OF RECTAL PROLAPSE IN BUFFALO AND IT‟S SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT
Mehere Y.S., Mane P. M. and Nimase R. G.
PICA IN BUFFALOES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT
A.S. Lengare, A. U. Bhikane, S. S. Ghoke, K. B. Awaz and V.V. Karande
HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN NATURALLY OCCURRING CASES OF
BLOOD PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS IN DOGS
Dixit Pooja, Varshney J. P., Dixit A. K. and Shukla P. C.
CUTANEOUS CANDIDIA INFECTION IN LABRADOR DOG: CASE REPORT
M.S.Rajhans., S.S.Sabale., R.V.Gaikwad., P.P. Mhase., G.K.Sawale., S.J.Rajhans and Kadam
D.P.
THEILERIOSIS IN A CROSSBRED COW
S. B. Swami, B. N. Ambore, D. A. Pawalkar and S. T. Borikar
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE DISTEMPER IN A DOG
S. B. Swami, B. N. Ambore, S. V. Gaikwad and L. Supane
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN GOAT
S. B. Swami, B. N. Ambore, R. R. Shelar and L. Supane
IMPROVING REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY HEIFERS WITH IMPROVED
FEEDING PRACTICES
T J Singh, R K Sharma and Parampal Singh
DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN A COW - A REPORT
M.Ranjithkumar, N.M.Kamili, A.Ahmad, S.U. Nabi and S.Dey
ONION POISONING IN A KHILLAR COW
B. N. Ambore, S. B. Swami, M. D. Kulkarni and D. M. Khandagale
EFFECT TRANSPORTATION STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN
OSMANABADI GOATS
B. N. Ambore, V. R. Patodkar, S. T. Borikar and R. R. Shelar
THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION ON BODY WEIGHT & HEMATOLOGY IN GOATS
B. N. Ambore, M. D. Kulkarni, D. A. Pawalkar, S. B. Swami and A. V. Khanvilkar
SEROPREVALANCE, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES IN DOGS WITH LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CHENNAI DURING 2009-2010
D.Sumathi, P.Selvaraj, G.Ravikumar, M.Chandrasekar, K.Jeyaraja, A.P.Nambi,
M.Balagangatharathilagar, S.R.Srinivasan and S.Vairamuthu
ABDOMINAL EFFUSIONS IN DOGS: ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES
D.Sumathi, K.Jeyaraja, P.Selvaraj, S.Prathaban, A.P.Nambi and S.Vairamuthu
RECOMMENDED ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICES FOR ORGANIC FARMING
M. D. Kulkarni, B. N. Ambore, S. T. Borikar and D. A. Pawalkar
ACARICIDAL AND FLY REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF SPRAY CONTAINING TOBACCO
EXTRACT (NICOTINE) AND EUCALYPTUS OIL
M. D. Meshram, M. D. Kulkarni, B. N. Ambore, S. T. Borikar and P. K. Muluk
Page
No.
160
161
161
161
162
162
162
163
163
164
164
165
165
165
165
166
166
166
167
167
167
167
168
Abstract
No.
9.75
9.76
9.77
9.78
9.79
9.80
9.81
9.82
9.83
9.84
9.85
9.86
9.87
9.88
9.89
9.90
9.91
9.92
9.93
9.94
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
J. M. Patil, B. N. Ambore, M. D. Kulkarni and L.N. Supane
SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF RUSSELL‟S VIPER BITE IN A DOG
D. A. Pawalkar, M. D. Kulkarni, B. N. Ambore, S. B. Swami, P. K .Muluk, D. R. Belhekar, M. A.
Shejal and S. D. Rahane
ORGANOCHLORINE POISONING IN DOG AND ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT
P.Pothiappan, V.N.Rao, P.Thiruselvame and D.Selvi
THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ORAL VERSUS INTRAVENOUS REHYDRATION AND
MEDICATIONS IN DIARRHOEA OF BUFFALO CALVES
Suryawanshi P. B. and Sarode D. B.
Page
No.
168
169
169
169
AN OUTBREAK OF PROLIFERATIVE STOMATITIS IN BUFFALO CALVES
Charanjit Singh, Rakesh Ranjan, Neetu Saini, N.K. Sood, Naimi Chand and Kirti Dua
HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BROILERS CHICKENS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED
WITH O78 E. coli ORAL INFECTION
Shajhat Ahmad Qureshi, Shagufta Azmi, Nawab Nashiruddullah and Anil Taku
170
ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF E. COLI ISOLATED FROM BROILER CHICKENS AFFECTED
WITH DIARRHOEA IN AND AROUND JAMMU REGION
Shagufta Azmi, Shajhat Ahmad Qureshi, Showkat Ahmad Dar, Ajaz Ahmed Zargar
THE EFFECTS OF NITROSCANATE AGAINST ASCARID AND DIPYLIDIUM CANINUM
INFECTIONS IN DOGS
A.K. Srivastava; Ashish Srivastava; Saurabh Chaturvedi; Sangeeta Srivastava; and
Neeraj Sinha
EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ANCYLOSTOMIOSIS ON
HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
V.K. Abrol, S.K.Gupta, R.Katoch, R.K.Bhardwaj and Neelesh Sharma
SERUM PROTEIN PROFILE IN DIFFERENT DISEASE CONDITIONS
Mundekar, A.S.; Ingole, S.D. and Bharucha, S.V.
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT IN A
POMERANIAN DOG- A CASE REPORT
Velhankar RD; Dighe, DG; Galdhar, CN; Patil, JU; Gaikwad,RV; Hatzade,RI; Patil, S;
Mahale,M; Padalkar,M and Keskar,DV
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A DOG – A
CASE REPORT
Velhankar, RD; Dighe,DG; Galdhar,CN; Patil,JU; Gaikwad,RV and Keskar,DV.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISORDER (JAUNDICE/HEPATITIS) IN
PERSIAN CAT
Talekar S.H., Gaikwad R.V., Raut S.S., Yadav G.U and Mali H.V
C.T.SCANNING, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT OF
LYMPHOSARCOMA (LYMPHOMA) IN DOG
Choudhari P.R., Talekar S.H., Gaikwad R.V., Raut S.S., Mali H.V. and Yadav G.U.
RARE CASE OF SHARP METALLIC FOREIGN BODY IN LIVER LABRADOR RETRIEVER
Talekar S.H., Gaikwad R.V., Raut S.S., Mali H.V. and Yadav G.U.
SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN A 9 YRS. OLD LHASA
APSO DOG
Khandekar G.S., Gaikwad R.V., Bendale K.R. and Galdhar C.N.
LEPTOSPIROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN A DOG AND ITS
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
D. Selvi, V.N. Rao, P. Thiruselvame and R. M. Pillai
MANAGEMENT OF JAUNDICE AND SUBSEQUENT RENAL FAILURE IN A LABRADOR
DOG
Hatzade R.I., Patil S.B., Jithin M.V., Padalkar M.A., Mahale M.P., Velhankar R.D., Dighe D.G.,
Gaikwad R.V., Patil J.U., Galdhar C.N. and Keskar D.V.
SUCCESSFUL CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF EHRLICHIOSIS IN A DOG WITH
NANOPARICULATE DOXYCYCLINE
Padalkar M.A, Mahale M.P, Jithin M.V, Patil S.B, Hatzade R.I, Velhankar R.D, Dighe D.G,
Gaikwad R.V, Galdhar C.N. and Keskar D.V.
A REVIEW ON SNAIL CONTROL
Dr.D.L.Bijwal
170
170
171
171
172
172
173
173
174
174
174
175
175
176
176
Abstract
No.
9.95
9.96
9.97
IMMUNOSTIMULATING EFFECT OF A POLYHERBAL PREPARATION AGAINST
RANIKHET DISEASE IN VACCINATED BROILER CHICKS
A.Singha, L.Sharma, S.Biswas, C.Guha and A.Chakrabarti
SUCCESSFUL CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CYSTITIS IN A LABRADOR DOG
Mahale M P, Padalkar M A, Jithin M V, Hatzade R I, Patil S B, Dighe D G, Velhankar R D,
Galdhar C N, Keskar D V
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IN LEOPARD –A CASE STUDY
N.P.Dakshinkar, G.R.Bhojne and V.M.Dhoot
Page
No.
176
177
177
EXCLUSIVE SESSION
VETERINARY NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(APPLICATION IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT, LABORATORY
ANIMAL PRACTICE, AND DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS IN
COMPANION AND FARM ANIMAL PRACTICE)
1.1 THYROID UPTAKE OF 99mTc IN PIGLETS AND RABBITS
Department of Veterinary Nuclear Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai-12
The ten piglets and ten rabbits after anaesthesia were subjected for thyroid scintigraphy
study. The animals were positioned in the sternal recumbency and gamma camera fitted with
LEGP Collimator was positioned at 180o (Ventral/ANT). Sodium 99mTc-pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4
-) was administered intravenously between 37 and 222MBq (1-6mCi) as a bolus through
recurrent tarsal vein under the gamma camera. Dynamic images were acquired at (140 keV at
20% width) in 64 x 64 matrix to evaluate localization pattern of 99mTcpertechnetate in the thyroid
gland of piglets and rabbits for 20 min. These images were subsequently processed on
eNTEGRA workstation by using ROI Compare program to get Time Activity Curve (TAC) and
ratios. Background subtracted TAC’s were subsequently used for curve statistics to assess
transit time, T½, slope etc. 99mTc uptake at Thyroid by scintigraphy was investigated by both
dynamic and static imaging. The studies revealed that radioactive uptake in thyroid gland,
salivary gland and the background should be considered while evaluating the thyroid function. In
piglets and rabbits uptake of 99mTcO4 was found to be 3.79 ± 0.40 and 3.82 ± 1.96 percent
respectively, whereas, the mean salivary to background ratio for piglets and rabbits was found to
be 1.54 ± 0.19 and 1.60 ± 0.36, respectively.
1.2 HEPATOBILIARY STUDY IN RABBITS AND PIGS
Piglets and rabbits were subjected for hepatobiliary scintigraphy after anaesthesia.
Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed to see the patency, hepatobiliary function and transit
time. These animals were administered with 99mTc-mebrofenin (1-4mCi) suggests appearance of
radioactivity in gallbladder after 4.5 minutes in piglets and after 2.16 minutes in rabbit postinjection (post-intravenous) administration of 99mTc-mebrofenin. The time taken for reaching
maximum counts in gallbladder in piglets and rabbits were 30.50 minutes and 6.17 minutes
respectively.
1.3 RENAL SCINTIGRAPHY IN PIGLETS AND RABBITS
Renal scintigraphy was performed and analyzed to compute glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), perfusion index, and filtration function. Renal scintigraphy was performed with 99mTcDTPA (Total dose as in piglets 3 mCi [111MBq] and in rabbits 1mCi [37MBq] respectively) with
gates renal analysis processing protocol. The Mean percent uptake in left kidney of piglets and
rabbits at 20 minutes were 50.24 ± 7.05 and 49.64 ± 2.50 percent respectively, whereas the
percent uptake in right kidney of piglets and rabbits were 49.76 ± 7.05 and 50.36 ± 2.50 percent
respectively. The GFR for left and right kidneys in piglets were found to be 72.24 ± 17.31 and
71.32 ± 18.10 respectively, whereas in rabbits the GFR were 48.58 ±13.72 and 49.16 ± 13.76
respectively. The percent uptake in left kidney of piglets and rabbits were at 49.72 ± 8.52 and
49.14 ±1.77 at 2-3 minutes after diuretics. Mean ±SD percent uptake of right kidney of piglets
and rabbits were at 50.28 ± 8.52 and 50.86 ± 1.77 at 2-3 minutes. The time taken to peak (TTP)
(min) at left kidney of piglets and rabbits were drastically reduced to 1.88 ± 0.64 and 1.63 ± 0.50
minutes, whereas at right kidney were 2.58 ± 0.82 and 1.48 ± 0.49 min respectively.
1
1.4 STUDIES ON DOXORUBICIN INDUCED CARDIO TOXICITY AND ITS EVALUATION BY
GALLIUM SCINTIGRAPHY IN RABBITS
C.N. Galdhar, A. Samad, R.V.Gaikwad, D.V.Keskar and B.A.Krishna
The aim of our study was to evaluate and validate early cardio toxicity caused by
Doxorubicin (DXR) by employing gallium (67Ga) scintigraphy in rabbits. Initially we studied
disposition of 67Ga in six healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits injected at dose rate 3700
kBq/ kg per kg body weight 67Ga-citrte (M/s Isorad, Israel), intravenously. Static images were
acquired by using MEGP collimator (20 % window) fixed to Millennium MPS single-head gamma
camera (GE). Whole body static images were acquired under the camera in 256 x 256 matrix for
250 kilo counts at 12, 24 and 48 hrs post-injection. To measure cardiac uptake of 67Ga, anterior
chest images were acquired and a circular region of interest (ROI) of 86 pixels (area) was drawn
on heart and liver by avoiding sternal region. Various uptake indices, such as, ratio of total
counts and average counts of heart to liver ROI were computed. Doxorubicin (DXR) was
administered to seven rabbits @ 1 mg / kg body weight every 5th day (maximum 21 doses).
Cardiac scintigraphy as per the procedure described above was done after each two doses. In
order to prove association of gallium accumulation with myocarditis an independent experiment
was also carried out in which DXR-induced rabbits were subjected to gallium scintigraphy on
10th, 20th and 30th day post-DXR administration and sacrificed immediately thereafter. On
autopsy heart was removed for gallium count in gamma counter and tissues were collected for
histopathology.
Disposition of 67Ga studies in healthy rabbits revealed that total count and average count
heart to liver ratio declined gradually from 12 hrs (1.36 ± 0.16; 1.35 ± 0.16) to 48 hrs (0.73 ± 0.11;
0.74 ± 0.10). Studies on 67Ga uptake in DXR induced cardio toxicity reveled that there was
significant increased accumulation of 67Ga in heart starting from 10th to 30th day, whereas after
40th day to 90th day the 67Ga uptake was reduced. In order to prove association of gallium
accumulation with myocarditis an independent experiment was conducted, which revealed
significant (p < 0.05) increase in heart to liver ratio total count and average counts after 10th
(1.44 ± 0.12 and 1.45 ± 0.09) and 20th day (1.04 ± 0.12 and 1.07 ± 0.16) as compared to 0th
day (0.62 ± 0.04 and 0.63 ± 0.04), respectively. This indicated that presence of acute
inflammatory changes in heart might be responsible for accumulation of 67Ga in cardiac region,
which was confirmed by histopathology (presence of grade III myocarditis).
Study concludes that that the 67Ga scintigraphy is useful test to detect early stage DXR
induced cardio toxicity (myocarditis) in rabbits; however, the test was not suitable for detecting
chronic drug-induced cardio toxicity (myocarditis).
1.5 APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE IN DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATIC AND RENAL
DISORDERS IN CANINES
C.N. Galdhar, R.V.Gaikwad, A. Samad, P.R.Chaudhari, D.V.Keskar, D.G. Dighe and
R.D.Velhankar
Department of Veterianry Nuclear Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai-12
Application of Nuclear scintigraphy for functional assessment of liver and kidney has
been reported in the present communication. Present study demonstrated that nuclear
scintigraphy is best non-invasive diagnostic modality for assessment of hepatic (hepatic
extraction and excretion) and renal function (perfusion, renal function, and renal
clearance).Study also demonstrated that these diagnostic modalities are also useful in
monitoring of therapeutic response in hepatic and renal failure clinical cases.
2
1.6 PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT DIAGNOSIS BY NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNIQUES
S.S.Ugile, C.N.Galdhar, R.V.Gaikwad, D.G.Dighe, R.D.Velhankar, and D.V.Keskar
Department of Veterinary Nuclear Medicine, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel -Mumbai-12
This communication reports diagnosis of extra hepatic shunt by nuclear medicine
technique. Two canine patients with history of ascites, anorexia and not responded to routine
treatment were referred to Department of Veterinary Nuclear Medicine. Inspection of patient
revealed weak response to external stimuli and distended abdomen revealed ascites. Altered
values of total protein, albumin, globulin, SGPT and ALP were observed on haematobiochemical
investigation. Ultrasonography examination revealed hyper echoic liver. The transcolonic
scintigraphy was carried out as per standard protocol. Scintigraphy findings confirmed extra
hepatic shunt. Results and discussion were conferring.
1.7 BIODISTRIBUTION OF LUNG TARGETED NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH ANTI-TB
DRUGS C0MBINATION
Ranee B.J., Date P. V., Devarajan Padma V., Gaikwad R. V., Samad A.
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed
University), Mumbai-19
Veterinary Nuclear Medicine Center, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai 400012
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodistribution of folate1 anchored Gantrez®
nanoparticles (Np) loaded with rifampicin (RIF) and ethambutol (ETB), for the lung targeting
(alveolar macrophages). Nanoparticles of Gantrez® AN 119 having the size range of 300- 400nm
were prepared using Emulsion solvent diffusion (ESD). The ratio of rifampicin to ethambutol
loaded into the nanoparticles was 10:1. Radiolabeling conditions RIF ETB Np and RFM-ETB-FA
Np were optimized with 99mTc using direct labeling method. Biodistribution studies was carried
out when 0.2 to 0.3 ml of the 99mTc labeled formulations was injected into 2-3 month-old male
wistar rats (n=4) (200-250gm). The radioactivity in each organ was counted using CAPINTEC
radioisotope calibrator (CRC®-127 R), and expressed as percent injected dose per whole organ.
Percent biodistribution of radiolabeled Np were calculated after decay corrections. Radiolabeling
efficiency greater than 95% was achieved with 99mTc. The radiolabeled conjugates showed good
stability in vivo and in vitro. The results of the in-vivo biodistribution studies suggested the
preferential accumulation of RIF ETB Np and RFM-ETB-FA Np in the RES organs like lungs,
liver and spleen (Fig.1). Rifampicin solution mainly accumulated in the liver, the kidneys and a
very small proportion in the lungs. However, high lung deposition was found with nanoparticulate
formulations. Folate anchored nanoparticles showed maximum lung deposition.
Thus, the targeting potential of the formulations was established indicating the possible
use of folate anchored nanoparticles in tuberculosis therapy.
KEYWORDS: Tuberculosis, Nanoparticles (NP’s), Rifampicin, Ethambutol dihydrochloride,
Gantrez®, gamma scintigraphy
1.8 TARGETED DELIVERY OF NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH ANTITUBERCULAR
COMBINATION TO THE LUNGS
Ranee B.J., Date P. V., Devarajan Padma V., Degani M.S. Gaikwad R. V., Samad A.
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed
University), Mumbai-19
Veterinary Nuclear Medicine Center, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai 400012
This study was aimed at evaluating the biodistribution of folate1 anchored Gantrez®
nanoparticles (Np) loaded with rifampicin (RIF) and an in-house synthesized nitroaromatic
3
compound MSDNC-22 (ethambutol analogue) for lung targeting (alveolar macrophages).
Nanoparticles of Gantrez® AN 119 having the size range of 300-400 nm were prepared using
Emulsion solvent diffusion (ESD). The ratio of rifampicin to MSDNC-22 loaded into the
nanoparticles was 1:10. Radiolabeling conditions RIF-MSDNC-22 Np and RFM- MSDNC-22 -FA
Np were optimized with 99mTc using direct labeling method. Biodistribution studies was carried
out when 0.2 to 0.3 ml of the 99mTc labeled formulations was injected into 2-3 month-old male
wistar rats (n=4) (200-250gm). The radioactivity in each organ was counted using CAPINTEC
radioisotope calibrator (CRC®-127 R), and expressed as percent injected dose per whole organ.
Percent biodistribution of radiolabeled Np were calculated after decay corrections. Radiolabeling
efficiency greater than 95% was achieved with 99mTc. The radiolabeled conjugates showed good
stability in vivo and in vitro. The results of the in-vivo biodistribution studies suggested the
preferential accumulation of RIF-MSDNC-22 Np and RFM-MSDNC-22-FA Np in the RES organs
like lungs, liver and spleen (Fig.1). Rifampicin solution mainly accumulated in the liver, the
kidneys and a very small proportion in the lungs. However, high lung deposition was found with
nanoparticulate formulations. Folate anchored nanoparticles showed maximum lung deposition.
Thus, the targeting potential of the formulations was established indicating the possible use of
folate anchored nanoparticles in tuberculosis therapy.
KEYWORDS: Tuberculosis, Nanoparticles (NP’s), Rifampicin, Ethambutol dihydrochloride,
Gantrez®, gamma scintigraphy
1.9 A SCINTIGRAPHIC APPROACH OF TARGETED LIGAND ANCHORED RIFAMPICIN
FOLIC ACID NANOPARTICULATE DELIVERY TOWARDS RETICULOENDOTHELIAL
SYSTEM
P. R. Suryawanshi, S. B. Majee, P. Date, A. S. Bannalikar, R. V. Gaikwad, P. V. Devarajan and
A. Samad
Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012
Rifampicin (RIF) is used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) using oral route due to the
large size of the molecules, these molecules are absorbed through oral route but the amount
reaching the targeted site is limited. It has been observed that successful delivery of the drugs to
the target tissue and its therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by targeting the drug through
polymeric NPs as carrier. M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that resides in the
phagosome of macrophages, where targeting of antitubercular drugs (ATDs) in effective
concentration poses a challenge in treatment and complete recovery of clinical cases.
Hence polymeric nanoparticulate (NP) drugs are used now days because of their
nanoscale particle size and wider acceptabillity for intravenous injections. In this study biodistribution of 99mTc bound RIF, RIF Nanoparticle and RIF Folic acid NPs in Wistar rats was
carried out by nuclear scintigraphy. The Biodistribution of the radiolabelled formulation of RIF
after 6 hrs in wistar rats showed that the uptake of the activity in terms of percent of injected
dose per gm of organ was in the liver (12.12±0.14), followed by lungs (3.35±0.46), spleen
(2.45±0.25), kidneys (1.39±0.13), intestine (0.067±0.0006) and negligible in blood. It indicated
that in case of RIF most of the activity was found in the liver. In case of RIF NP the major drug
accumulation in the form of radioactivity was found in the lung (14.3±1.45), followed by liver
(9.5±1.87), spleen (7.7±0.79), kidneys (1.89±0.38), blood (0.092±0.07) and Intestine whereas
RIF FA NP was targeted significantly higher in lung (22.42 ± 2.18) as compared to RIF NP (14.3
± 1.45) and RIF (3.35 ± 0.46) followed by spleen (14.42±0.7), liver (9.9±0.89), kidneys
(2.32±0.39), intestine (0.097±0.02) and blood (0.31± 0.12). It clearly indicated the targeted
delivery of RIF FA NP towards the RE system that are rich in macrophages.
Key words: Rifampicin, folic acid, nanoparticulate delivery, M. tuberculosis, Biodistribution
4
INFECTIOUS
DISEASES OF FARM
ANIMALS AND HERD
MEDICINE
2.1 PREVALENCE AND CONTROL OF BUBALINE SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN
CHHATTISGARH STATE IN INDIA
Poonam Vishwakarma, Sushovan Roy, Manju Roy and M. Deshmukh
College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Durg (C.G.)-491 001
A study was undertaken in 112 cases of bubaline subclinical mastitis for its prevalence
and control in Chhattisgarh state. The overall prevalence was found to be 37.5%. Highest
prevalence was recorded in 6 to 8 years of age. Lactation wise prevalence was found maximum
in 4th lactation and highest prevalence was recorded in early lactation. Right hind quarters were
found to be most prone for infection. The prevalence of SCM was highest in fisting method and
lowest with machine milking. Prevalence was highest in rainy season and lowest in summer
season. For the control of SCM, an herbal spray containing Oscimum sanctum, Cymbopogon
citrates and Curcuma longa alone and in combination of oral medicine containing Tinospora
cordifolia, Oscimum sanctum, Vit. E and Zinc oxide was advocated regularly for a period of four
weeks. Both the treatment employed were found effective. It was observed that the buffaloes
which were treated with herbal spray along with oral medicine had 100% recovery and maximum
restoration was observed in SCC values, milk pH, milk fat, milk protein and milk lactose values
after treatment.
2.2 PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF COLI FORM DIARRHOEA
OF CALVES IN WESTERN UTTER PRADESH
Subash Malik, Amit Kumar, Amit K. Verma, M.K. Gupta, S. D. Sharma
Pt. Deen Dayal Uphadhyay VeterinaryUniversity & Cattle Research Institute
DUVASU, Mathura, UP –281001
Calf is the back bone of the dairy industry. White Revolution will be meaningless if the
calf dies away unchecked in great number. The morbidity and mortality rate are higher in young
ones than any other age group and the major cause of death is supposed to be calf diarrhoea,
which may have multiple etiological and managemental factors responsible for the conditions
particularly the collibacillosis. Therefore, the prevention of losses among calves needs special
attention, in this regard present study was undertaken to assess the status of collibacillosis in
total diarrhoea cases reported to veterinary hospitals and the prevalence of collibacillosis in calf
diarrhoea. Out of total 930 cases of calves recorded (from seven different government veterinary
hospitals located in north west U.P) during the one year period of 2009 to 2010, 499 (53.66%)
were of calf diarrhea. The incidence rate of calf diarrhea ranged between 48.68% (Meerut) to
57.68% (TVCC, DUVASU, Mathura). A total of 109 faecal samples were collected from calves up
to three months of age exhibiting symptoms of diarrhea, 41 were found positive for E. coli on
isolation. Of these 41 isolates, 13 were α haemolysin producing pathogenic E. coli. Thus calf
diarrhoea is a major threat to dairy industry particularly of E. coli origin.
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2.3 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND DRUG SENSITIVITY STUDIES OF CALF DIARRHOEA IN
REFERENCE TO Campylobacter spp.
Amit Kumar, Amit K. Verma, Subash Malik, M.K. Srivastava, Rajesh Kumar, Mamta
Department of Microbiology & Immunology
Diarrhea in farm animals, especially in neonatal calves is one of the most challenging
clinical syndromes encountered by veterinary practitioners. Looking into the intricacy of calf
diarrhea a study was performed to describe the epidemiological status and antibiotic resistance
of potential enteric pathogen Campylobacter spp. for calves reared in cow-calf herds and locally
in villages of western Utter Pradesh. A total of 109 faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves were
collected from the calves which were less than 3 months old. Faecal samples were analyzed for
presence of infectious agent Campylobacter spp. On selective media and confirmed by standard
microbiological processes. The study provided evidence of significant associations between
diarrhoea and infection with Campylobacter spp. in faecal samples. Out of these 109 samples,
21 were found positive for Campylobacter spp. on isolation. The incidence of diarrhoea due to
Campylobacter spp. was higher in the winter season in comparison to summer. Overcrowding,
malnutrition along with insufficient colostrum feeding appeared to be the predisposing factors of
diarrhoea. When antibiotic drug sensitivity test was performed with commonly used antibiotic it
revealed the presence of multi drug resistance of Campylobacter spp. against Erythromycin and
fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin which were considered the drugs of choice
for the treatment of Campylobacter infections.
2.4 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER OUTBREAK
Livestock Research Station
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, AAU, Anand
Gujarat - 388 001
During the year 2010, there was an outbreak of Bovine Ephemeral Fever (Three Day
Sickness) at Livestock Research Station, AAU, Anand. It is an arthropod vector borne disease
caused by a Rhabdo virus. A total of 102 (29.90%) adult and young animals out of 341 heads
(Crossbred=60, Gir=15 and Kankrej=27) were affected during the rainy season (July to October).
The clinical signs were sudden rise of body temperature (104-106°F), acute lameness with
stiffness of limbs. During the first fever spike in lactating cows, the milk production dropped
dramatically, but other signs were mild. On the second day of illness, there was second fever
spike with severe clinical signs, including profuse salivation, shivering, inappetence and
depression. Most animals lied in sternal recumbency, some became laterally recumbent and one
heifer died. The treatment of adult animals included IM injection of 15 ml Artizone - S®
(Phenylbutazone=3000 mg and Sodium Salicylate=300 mg, Vetnex, India, Ltd), IM injection of 35
ml Terramycin* (Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride=1750 mg, Pfizer, India, Ltd) for three days and in
some severely affected animals 25D 1000 ml (Dextrose injection=25% W/V) for two to three
days. In young animals the treatment was similar, as per body weight. Most animals improved in
2 days after treatment and recovered completely within another two days. Many severely
affected animals took up to a week to recover. In conclusion, the above mentioned drug
combination is useful in treatment of Bovine Ephemeral Fever and better farm management
provides a boosting effect in treatment response.
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2.5 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF BOVINE MASTITIS
N. A. Tufani, D. M. Makhdoomi and A. Hafiz
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (SKUAST-K)
Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar-190006 (J&K)
Quarter milk samples from 63 mastitic cows randomly divided in to gr 1(n=19), gr 2
(n=26), gr 3 (n=5), gr 4 (n=5), gr 5 (n=4) and gr 6 (n=4) were studied. They were treated with
Gentamicin (2.5 mg/kg i.m. bid), Enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg i.m. bid), Ofloxacin (5 mg/kg i.v. od),
Ciprofloxacin (5 mg/kg i.m. bid), Ampicillin + Cloxacillin (10 mg/kg i.m. bid) and Amoxicillin +
Cloxacillin (10 mg/kg i.m. bid), respectively. Beside, inj. Meloxicam @ 0.2 mg/kg i.m. od for 3
days and Dexamethasone @ 1-1.5 ml intra-parenchymaly at 48 hourly was given for 3 occasions
in fibrosis cases. Mastitis with severe haemorrhages also treated with inj. Caldee-12 @ 10 ml
i.m. od for 3 days and haemostat (Revici) @ 5 ml i.m. bid for 2-3 days.
The overall prevalence recorded during the period 2008-2009 was 8.08% (63/780). Breed
wise prevalence was 61.90%, 31.75% and 6.35% in Crossbred Holstein Friesian, Crossbred
Jersey and Zebu Hill cows respectively. It was highest during spring (42.86%) followed by winter
(34.92%), summer (15.87%) and least during autumn (6.35%). After 252 milk samples testing by
different mastitis tests (California Mastitis Test, White Side Field Test, Bromothymol Blue
Reduction Test and Drumnski Mastititis Detector) and on clinical observations, 151 (60.16%)
quarters were affected with different types of mastitis. The animals were highly affected with
acute (55.56%) followed by sub-acute (25.40%) and chronic (19.05%) mastitis. Higher incidence
was recorded in left fore quarters (27.15%), however, the affection was more or less similar in all
the other quarters. The incidence of mastitis was similar in their 1st (15.87%) and 2nd (15.87%)
parity and 20.63% and 26.98% in their 3rd and 4th parity, followed by 12.70% and 7.94% in 5th
and 6th parity, respectively. Moreover, the incidence was highest in early (52.38%) followed by
mid (26.98%) and late (20.63%) lactation.
The predominant major mastitis-causing organisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp.
42 (66.67%) and E. coli 10 (15.87%) and other 11 (17.46%) pathogens presents as mixed
infection (Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas). In-vitro
sensitivity of the commonly used antimicrobials were Amikacin (100%), Enrofloxacin (92.31%),
Gentamicin (90.00%), Chloramphenicol (90.00%), Ciprofloxacin (83.33%), Cefotaxime (80.00%),
Ofloxacin (77.78%), Kanamycin (75%), Amoxicillin+Cloxacillin (75.00%), Amoxiclav (50.00%),
Oxytetracycline (37.5%), Ampicillin+Cloxacillin (33.33%), Co-trimoxaxole (25.00%) and
Streptomycin (20.00%). However, Penicillin G, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin exhibited 100%
resistant against these isolates. The highest clinical recovery rate was recorded in the animals
treated with Gentamicin (84.21%), followed by Enrofloxacin (80.77%), Ciprofloxacin (80.00%),
Ofloxacin (80.00%), Amoxicillin-Cloxacillin (75.00%) and Ampicillin-Cloxacillin (50.00%) within
3.32, 3.46, 4.00, 4.50, 4.50 and 4.75 days (average), respectively. However, fibrosed cases
required at least 7-9 days for complete recovery.
2.6 HAEMORRAGIC SEPTICEMIA IN A BUFFALO CALF
P.V.Sonone, G.B.Shrikhande, J.U.Patil, S.B.Gote,S.J.Rathod,R.S.Tayde,C.D. Malapure B. S.
Prajapati
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra.
Hemorrhagic septicemia found in almost all parts of the tropical and subtropical countries
of the world. A 1 and1/2 year Nagpuri buffalo calf brought to the teaching veterinary clinical
service complex with the history of no vaccination since birth, swelling in neck, profuse salivation,
lacrimation, anorectic since 2 days. The owner also reported 4 of his animals sudden died within
2 days. On clinical examination it was observed that temp 105 0 F, rapid respiration. After blood
7
smear examination bipolar organisms are seen. The calf treated with
SulphadiazineTrimethoprim @15 mg/kg Bwt, Inj Dextrose 5% 2 lit I/V, Inj Meloxicam 0.2 mg /kg Bwt I/M, Inj
Tribivet 10 ml I/M for 3 days. There was a clinical improvement seen after 4 days.
2.7 SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA IN GOAT
P.V.Sonone, N.P.Dakshinkar, G.R.Bhojne, S.J.Rathod, S.B.Gote, R.S.Tayde,C.D. Malapure
The contagious ecthyma reported in various states of the India. A goat of 15 months age
presented with clinical signs like profuse salivation, temp-107 0 F, swellings of the lips, papules
which progressed to pustules and thick scabs. Diagnosis of contagious ecthyma was made on
clinical signs and lesions on the commissure of the lips, tongue and around the mouth. The
lesion clean with sterile cotton and Betadine ointment applied twice in a day, Inj cephotaxim @15
mg/kg Bwt I/M, Inj Meloxicam @0.2 mg/kg Bwt for 1 week. Recovery is achieved in 10 days.
2.8 EVALUATION OF MILK LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION DURING BOVINE SUBCLINICAL
MASTITIS
U. K. De and Reena Mukherjee
Division of Medicine,
Izatnagar- 243122 (UP)
The candidacidal action, myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-lactoperoxidase activity in
milk leukocytes of healthy and subclinical mastitis infected cows were investigated. Fifteen
healthy cows and 15 cows positive for subclinical mastitis (SCM) on the basis of California
Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) were used in the study. Milk samples were
collected from each cow and tested for somatic cell count and bacterial isolation. The milk
leukocytes were isolated from the samples and utilized for candidacidal assay, Myeloperoxidase
(MPO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) estimation, whereas, whole milk was used for
Lactoperoxidase (LPx) measurement after suitable dilution. The average CMT ranged from 1 to 2
point score in SCM, whereas, it was zero point score in milk from healthy cows. The SCC was
more than 5.23105 cells/ml and the enhancement was 163% over healthy milk. The common
isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococci sp, Streptococcus sp and Escherichia coli and
other Gram negative bacilli, however, no growth could be observed in growth media from milk
samples of healthy cows. The MPO level, H2O2 production and candidacidal activity (% of
phagocytic leukocytes) of the milk leukocytes from healthy cows were 3.42 ± 0.271 μ moles/107,
30.46 ± 1.21 μmoles/107cells/ 30 min and 20.53 ± 1.45 respectively. However, average LPx
value was 0.28±0.02 u/ml in milk of healthy cows. However, H2O2 production and candidacidal
activity were reduced and MPO and PLx activities were augmented in milk collected from cows
with SCM. From the present study it can be concluded that the augmented activity of leukocytic
enzymes might be due to the activation of the PMN cells of the infected milk by the
microorganisms and down regulation of H2O2 production and bactericidal action could be a result
of compromised mammary immunity.
8
2.9 CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF Bordetella
bronchiseptica ISOLATED FROM PIGS WITH CLINICAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE
National Research Centre on Pig, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rani,
Guwahati 781 131, Assam
Porcine respiratory diseases represent the leading cause of mortality in nursery and
finishing units. B. bronchiseptica is one of the important bacteria responsible for respiratory tract
disease in pigs. Out of 62 samples (nasal swabs in case of ante mortem examination and lungs
tissues incase of postmortem examination) from clinical respiratory disease of pigs examined, B.
bronchiseptica could be isolated from eight (12.90%) cases. The age of the affected pigs ranged
from 8-28 days. The main clinical signs observed in the affected pigs were sneezing, snuffling
and frequent passage of serous and mucopurulent nasal discharge. All the isolates were positive
or oxidase, catalase and citrate tests and negative for fermentation of glucose, lactose, manose,
sorbitol and sucrose, indole, urease and H2S production. All the isolates of B. bronchiseptica
were found sensitive to amikacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin,
doxycycline, enrofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline whereas they were resistant to
cephalexin, kanamycin, penicillin G, streptomycin, suphadiazine and trimethoprim.
2.10 ISOLATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED
WITH ARTHRITIS IN PIGS
National Research Centre on Pig, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rani,
Guwahati 781 131, Assam
Arthritis is common in pigs sent to market and is a cause of economic concern to the
farmers because of loss of portions of carcasses as well as condemnation of entire carcasses in
the abattoir. Joints from 57 arthritic pigs were examined by culture for presence of bacteria. Of
57 arthritic joints examined, 38 (66.7%) were positive for bacterial growth. A total of 50 isolates
were recovered. Thirty three of 38 (86.9%) culture-positive joints yielded only one species of
bacterium, whereas 5 joints yielded ≥2 bacterial species. S. suis was the predominant isolate,
and it accounted for 36% (18/50) of all isolates recovered. Thirty two percent of 57 arthritic joints
yielded this bacterium. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (20%) was the next in frequency. The
remainder included 7 isolates of Streptococcus spp., 6 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 5
isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 2 isolates (each) of Klebsiella spp. and Bacillus spp. All
the isolates of these bacteria were susceptible to amikacin except for Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae. Similarly most of the isolates of these bacteria were susceptible to
chloramphenicol and gentamicin.
2.11 GENOTYPING OF Cryptosporidium parvum ISOLATES IN BOVINE POPULATION AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW BOVINE GENOTYPES
Gunjan Das, S. Sakar and P. Das
The exact profile of Cryptosporidium spps infection in bovine population of India is
scarce. Here we report the systematic investigation of clinical and genetic profiling of
promiscuous Cryptosporidium infection in selected representative cattle farms from Kolkata. Out
of 149 faecal samples screened microscopically, 26 (17.45%) from diarrhoeic faecal samples
and 5 (3.36%) from healthy faecal samples revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Cryptosporidium genus was confirmed by DNA typing with nested PCR using SSU rRNA gene of
Cryptosporidium spps. The PCR products were subjected to restriction fragment length
9
polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using SspI and VspI restriction enzymes for species
differentiation. The results showed that the species involved in all the samples found positive
was Cryptosporidium parvum except for one sample. In course of PCR-RFLP, a unique band
pattern was observed in two of our samples. The unusual RFLP products were characterized by
DNA sequencing and homology analysis with other reported variants. This is the first report of
identification and characterization of such a variant from the area of present investigation.
Further dedicated research will be required to understand the phylogenetic origin and functional
significance in virulence and morbidity of this genotype.
2.12 AUTOHEMOTHERAPY IN BOVINE PAPILLOMA – A CASE REPORT
Chetan Kumar G K
Veterinary Officer, Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi, Doddaballapur taluk, Bangalore (R D)
The warts are common in dairy animals and are caused by a viral infection, specifically by
Bovine Papilloma Virus (BPV 1-6). A five and half year old dairy cow was presented to
Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi, Doddaballapura taluk, Bangalore Rural district with the history of
numerous cauliflower like growth on right side of neck. Case was diagnosed as
warts/papillomatosis and the animal was subjected to autohemotherapy, 20 ml of blood was
collected by jugular vein puncture, 10 ml was given intramuscularly and another 10 ml was given
subcutaneously. The treatment was repeated at weekly interval and animal recovered completely
after 4 injections.
2.13 PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS AND TO DETECT THE CHANGES IN SOME PHYSICAL
AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MASTITIC MILK IN KASHMIR VALLEY
Division of Medicine, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar. Ph.D,
In-service, Division of surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP-243122.
Mastitis recognised as one of the most costly disease of dairy cows, reduces milk yield
by approximately 21 per cent and butterfat by 25 per cent in affected cattle as compared to
normal ones (Chakraburti, 2003). The prevalence rate of acute clinical mastitis was 9.25 per cent
at Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry,
SKUAST-K, Shuhama. The prevalence rate of mastitis at District Veterinary Hospital, Shopian
was 18.5 per cent while the prevalence rate of mastitis at Central Veterinary Hospital, Srinagar
was 11.88 per cent. The prevalence was highest during summer season (50%) as compared to
other seasons. The lactation-wise prevalence showed that mastitis was encountered maximum
during early lactation (55%) while being highest at 3rd lactation (40%) followed by 4th lactation
(20%) as compared to other lactations. Alterations in some physical and chemical characteristics
of mastitic milk revealed the colour changes of milk ranged from normal (16.67%) to yellowish
(52.77%), bloody (25%) and dark brown (5.55%). The consistency of milk was normal (41.67%),
watery (30.55%), thick (22.22%) and pasty (5.55%). The specific gravity of milk (1.0515±0.0001)
increased significantly (p<0.05) as a result of mastitis. Mastitis resulted in drastic changes in the
physical and chemical characteristics of milk. The pH (7.1±0.01) and electrical conductivity
(6.14±0.01 ms/cm) was significantly higher in mastitis milk than normal milk (6.68±0.003, 4.01
±0.01 ms/cm, respectively).
10
2.14 STUDY ON IN-VITRO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL
CULTURES FROM THE CLINICAL MASTITIC MILK
Division of Medicine, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar. Ph.D,
In-service, Division of surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP-243122.
The mastitic milk from the clinical cases was subjected to in vitro drug sensitivity testing
using 7 antimicrobials by disc diffusion method as suggested by Bauer et al. (1966). With the
help of a platinum loop, a small amount of sample was inoculated into a nutrient broth medium
and incubated for 8-9 hours at 37oC, so as to obtain turbidity. With the help of a sterile cotton
swab, the broth culture was then evenly spread by smearing over the surface of Muller-Hinton
agar plates. The antimicrobial discs were placed on the agar and gently pressed. The inoculated
plates were kept at low temperature for 3-4 hours to allow prediffusion of the antibiotics. These
were then incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. The sensitivity was observed on the basis of zone size
interpretation chart, provided by the manufacturer. The results were recorded as sensitive,
intermediate and resistant. Different antimicrobials used were Gentamicin, Amikacin, Ofloxacin,
Enrofloxacin, Oxytetracycline, Amoxycillin, Cefotaxime. The results of in-vitro chemotherapeutic
sensitivity of bacterial cultures from the clinical mastitic samples showed that 80.55 per cent
were sensitive to Gentamicin, 75 per cent to Enroflaxicin, 69.44 per cent to Amikacin, 47.22 per
cent to Oxytetracycline, 44.44 per cent to Oflaxacin, 22.22 per cent to Amoxycillin and only
11.11 per cent to Cefotaxime.
2.15 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC REGIMES IN THE
TREATMENT OF ACUTE BOVINE CLINICAL MASTITIS
Division of Medicine, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar,
Ph. D, In-service, Division of surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP243122.
Thirty six animals suffering from mastitis were divided into 6 sub-groups having six
animals in each sub-group. Different treatment regimes were employed in each sub-group. The
response to treatment in six sub-groups was assessed from clinical recovery and restoration of
milk characteristics. In the therapeutic trial the subgroup I(a) treated with Ofloxacin, a recovery
rate of 50 per cent with a mean recovery time of 8 days was observed. In subgroup I(b) treated
with Ofloxacin and vitamin C a recovery rate of 66.67 per cent with a mean recovery time of 7
days was observed. In subgroup I(c) treated with Ofloxacin along with vitamin E and selenium a
recovery rate of 83.33 per cent with a mean recovery time of 6 days was observed. In subgroup
II (a), treated with Gentamicin alone, a recovery rate of 66.67 per cent with a mean recovery time
of 7 days was observed. In subgroup II (b) treated with Gentamicin alongwith vitamin C, a
recovery rate of 66.67 per cent with a mean recovery time of 6 days was observed. In subgroup
II(c) treated with Gentamicin alongwith vitamin E and selenium a recovery rate of 83.33 per cent
with a mean recovery time of 5 days was observed. The recovery was established by the clinical
presentation in terms of swelling, pain, pulse, temperature and milk characteristics. The posttreatment milk chemistry values were significantly different from the pre-treatment values.
11
2.16 SERO- PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLA INFECTION IN CATTLE FARM OF CHIKHODRA
VILLAGE
Raval S.K, Ku. Joice P Joseph, Shah Aatur S., Ku. Gauri More, Bhanderi B J.
Department of Medicine,
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388001
Brucellosis occurs in cattle in most of the parts of the world. Microbiological isolation and
identification are the most reliable methods for diagnosing brucellosis. However, these
procedures are not always successful, are cumbersome, and represent a great risk of infection
for laboratory technicians. PCR provides a promising option for the diagnosis of brucellosis. The
present study was conducted in 104 animals of 2 farms in chikhodra village of Anand district
Gujarat. By Rapid Blood Plate Test (RBPT) 34 (32.69%) animals were positive for the disease,
and these positive samples were subjected to Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) for
finding antibody titer against brucellosis. Twenty eight animals were having titer of >320 IU, 160
and 80 IU titer were present in two animals each. Hematological values were compared
statistically between infected and control group. It was found that there is a statistically significant
reduction of leukocytes, platelets and mean corpuscular volume in affected animals compared to
control animals. Thirty eight were subjected to PCR using B4 and B5 primers against BCSP31
sequence of brucella genome having length of 223 bp., among that, 22 animals were positive for
PCR. This indicates high percentage of animals in early stage of disease. Combination of both
serological tests and PCR is a best technique for finding overall incidence of brucellosis in a
herd.
2.17 EFFECT OF PHAGE LYSATE IN TEAT FISTULA WITH MASTITIS
Sanjay Shukla, S. D. Hirpurkar, E. Joseph and R.K. Bagherwal
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., M.P.C.V.V.,
Jabalpur, M.P.-482001, India
Study was conducted to observe the therapeutic effect of phage lysate on the mastitis
caused by antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. A total of twelve animals affected with chronic
mastitis, subjected to prior unsuccessful conventional antibiotic treatment, were selected in the
clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phage lysate. Treatment consisted of 5-ml
intra-mammary single infusion of 3 x 1012 PFU/ml of lytic phage in the experimental animals.
Teats were showing gradually reduction in the swelling and discharge after the treatment with
phage lysate. Ten animals were showing the complete recovery out of twelve within ten days.
Phage therapy is very economic and highly effective as compare to the existing antibiotic
therapy.
Keywords: Phage therapy, Phage Lysate, Phage Cocktail, Mastitis
2.18 EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT F AND N GENE BASED PRIMER IN DETECTION OF PESTE
DES PETITS RUMINANT VIRUS NUCLEIC ACID
Sumit Mahajan, Rajesh Agrawal, Mahesh Kumar, Anand Mohan, Nishe Pande
Division of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu,
R. S. Pura, Jammu-181102. (India)
A total of five primer pairs, consisting of two pairs (F1/F2 and Fb1/Fb2) amplifying two
different region of F gene and three pairs amplifying different regions of N gene (NP3/NP4,
pprn_fr2/ pprn_rev and N1/N2) were compared for their efficacy in detection of PPRV nucleic
12
acid in clinical samples by RT-PCR on 10 (4 blood, 4 nasal swabs and 2 tissue samples) clinical
samples collected from animals suspected for PPR. The primer sets NP3/NP4 detected highest
number of positive samples 06 by producing the desired amplicon of 351 bp followed by N1 /N2
yielding a positive result in 5 (50%) out of total 10 samples tested parallel. Both F-gene based
primers (F1/F2 and Fb1/Fb2) detected 03 (30.00 %) samples as positive. Whereas the primer
pair pprn_fr2/ pprn_rev did not yield the desired amplicon in any of the samples tested. The
maximum sensitivity of 100% was observed by NP3 and NP4 primer whereas lowest sensitivity
was recorded by pprn_fr2/ pprn_rev which fail to detect any positive sample. The overall
agreement of 100 % and kappa value 1.00 was highest between F1/ F2 and Fb1/ Fb2,
suggesting an almost perfect agreement between the two sets of primers, followed by N1/N2 and
NP3/ NP4, having kappa value of 0.800, suggesting a substantial agreement.
2.19 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR DETECTION OF PESTE DES PETITS
RUMINANT VIRUS
Sumit Mahajan, Rajesh Agrawal, Mahesh Kumar, Anand Mohan, Nishe Pande and Rajiv Singh.
A total of four clinical nasal swab samples collected from sheep and goats suspected for
PPR were processed by the standard procedure and examined under transmission electron
microscope. The processed samples revealed the presence of pleomorphic Virion typically of
Paramyxoviridae family, which were mostly circular and elliptical in shape in 2 out of 4 samples.
Further the presence of virus in swab samples was confirmed by sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR
(using F1/F2 and NP3/NP4 sets of primers) for the presence of viral antigen. Although both the
samples positive in TEM were shown positive by sandwich ELISA and NP3/NP4 primer based
RT-PCR, the F1/F2 based RT-PCR fail to produce desirable amplicon of 372 bp in 1 of the swab
samples shown positive by TEM, sandwich ELISA and NP3/NP4 primer based RT-PCR. When
the results of electron microscopy were compared with sandwich-ELISA and RT-PCR, the sensitivity
of electron microscopy was observed to be 100% as all samples positive by RT-PCR and ELISA
were shown positive by TEM. In the present study, the practical use of electron microscopy in
diagnosis of PPR virus in clinical samples has been demonstrated.
2.20 RISK OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANT (PPR) AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH
SPECIES, SEX, AGE AND MIGRATION
Sumit Mahajan, Rajesh Agrawal, Mahesh Kumar, Anand Mohan and Nishe Pande
The present investigation included a detailed description of Risk of PPR in small
ruminants and its association with various host and environmental factors. A total 432 serum
samples comprising of 216 samples (108 sheep and 108 goats) of migratory and 216 samples
(108 sheep and108 goats) of non-migratory flock of sheep and goat were screened for PPR
antibodies using competitive-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of PPR in migratory flocks
(33.79%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to non migratory flocks (24.07%). The
seroprevalence of PPR in sheep (29.16%) was non–significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of
goats (28.70%), age wise seroprevalence was significantly (p<0.05) higher in >12 months age
group (39.58%) followed by 8-12 months (26.38%) and 4-8 months (20.83%) age group. On risk
factor analysis, it was observed that at 95% confidence interval, odd ratio was higher in migratory
(1.610) than non migratory flocks (0.612), in sheep (1.023) than goats (0.978), the value of odd
13
ratio was higher in >12 months age group (2.490 and 1.828) as compared to 4-8 months and 812 months, respectively. The overall sex wise seroprevalence in males (33.33 %) was
significantly (P<0.05) higher than in females (24.53 %) and also risk factor analysis revealed a
higher odd ratio in males (1.538, overall; 1.581, migratory and 1.503, non migratory) than in
females (0.650, overall; 0.633, migratory and 0.655 non migratory). The finding of the present
study may be correlated with variation of PPR risk and its association with species, age, sex,
sheep and goat husbandry practices
2.21 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT BP26 PROTEIN FOR
SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF Brucella melitensis INFECTION IN GOATS
V. K. Gupta, Ashok Kumar and V. S. Vihan,
Animal Health Division,
Central Institute for Research on Goats,
Makhdoom, PO. Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 122, India.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serological
diagnosis of caprine brucellosis with purified recombinant BP26 (outer membrane protein 28) of
Brucella melitensis 16M produced in Escherichia coli. Brucella protein named CP28, BP26, or
Omp28 has been identified as an immunodominant antigen in infected cattle, sheep, goats, and
humans. The recombinant BP26 (rBP6) ELISA performed with serum samples (n= 1738) taken
from organized farms and field goats from Northern India and tested in two different batches of
778 and 960 animals for brucellosis. Positive results were compared with the traditional serum
agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT) and dot-ELISA. The diagnostic
sensitivity of rBP26 ELISA, SAT, micro-CFT and dot-ELISA was 87.5%, 56.25%, 62.5% and 75%
respectively. The specificity of the rBP26 ELISA, SAT, micro-CFT and dot-ELISA was 90%, 75%,
80%, and 85% respectively.
The results of rBP26 ELISA positive animals were further
evaluated by tissue PCR using Brucella melitensis BP26 gene as target. This resulted in 100%
positive correlation between rBP26 ELISA and BP26 PCR. Thus, these results confirmed the
importance of BP26 as a suitable antigen for the serological diagnosis of caprine brucellosis.
2.22 OUTBREAK OF FASCIOLIASIS IN GOATS - A CASE REPORT
Prachi E Taksande, Bhoyar R, Dodamani M.S and Vivek R Kasaralikar
Veterinary Hospital, Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Information Center
Veterinary College, BIDAR-585401
A farmer rearing 55 local breed of goats came with a complaint that goats are dying
suddenly. Post mortem examination was carried out which revealed heavy fluke infestation in
liver and bile duct. Rest animals in that flock were examined, which shows symptoms of
inappetance, emaciation, weakness, dullness, loose feaces and 4-5 goat kids were showing
swelling below chin (Bottle Jaw). Feacal examination revealed 17 cases positive for the presence
of eggs, age ranging between 2-6 months with 14 females and 3 males affected. Hence, the
isolation of affected goat kids was done. Suspension Neozide Plus @ 1ml/4 kg BW orally with Inj
Levamisol @ 7.5 mg/kg BW as immunomodulant and Inj Belamyl 2-3 ml intramuscular as
supportive therapy was given on day 0. Inj Levamisol & Inj Belamyl was given for 3 consecutive
days & again one dose of Suspension Neozide Plus on 3rd day at same dose rates was given to
all the diseased goat kids. After 7 days of treatment again feacal examination of the diseased
animals was done showing negative results for the presence of eggs and there was improvement
in feed intake and health of animals and later mortality was not recorded.
14
2.23 INFECTIOUS KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS IN DZOS OF JAMMU
R.K.Bhardwaj, A.K. Taku and Irfan Ahmad
Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Jurisprudence
F.V.Sc & A.H –R.S.Pura, 181102, SKUAST-Jammu (J&K)
Eight Dzos were presented in University Clinical Camp at Chinta area of Bhaderwah with
the history of redness in eyes and mucopurulent discharge. Clinical examination of Dzos
revealed conjunctivitis, mucopurulent discharge and epiphora attracting the flies around the
eyes. Eye swabs were collected for microbiological culture and sensitivity test. Culture was
identified as flat round, grayish white, friable colonies surrounded by narrow zone of complete
hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar. Pure culture was confirmed as Moraxella bovis on basis of
colony characteristics, biochemical tests of colonies and examination of Gram’s stained smears
of culture. Culture sensitivity test revealed high sensitivity for chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline,
ceftrixone, cefataxim and ciprofloxacin and resistant for gentamicin, co-trimaxole, nalidixic acid
and colistin. Flies werte collected and identified as Haematobia spp and Musca spp as
mechanical transmitter of Moraxella bovis in Dzos. All the affected animals were treated by eye
wash with boric acid solution and instillation of chloramphenicol eye drops for five days, and
parentral single injection of Long acting oxytetracycline @ 20 mg/kg b.wt deep intramuscularly.
All affected animals recovered without any sequel to IKC.
2.24 AN OUTBREAK OF CEREBRAL MALARIA BY HAEMOPROTEUS COLUMBAE, KRUSE,
1890, IN FREE RANGINGS AND CAPTIVE PIGEONS (COLUMBA ALIVA) FROM BORDER
AREAS OF JAMMU & KASHMIR
R. K. Bhardwaj, A.K. Taku, N. K. Sood , K. Gupta, G. M, Bhat and I. A. Mir and R.Singh
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry
SKUAST-J, RS Pura-181102, Jammu
Two pigeons were presented in the faculty clinics with history of anorexia, vomition,
greenish diarrhea, muscle wasting, torticolis and high mortality in young pigeons. Clinical
examination of bird revealed body temperature 110° F, dullness, depression, ruffled feathers,
cloaca smeared with greenish diarrheic faeces, severe ectoparasitic infestation. Blood smears
examination revealed gametocyte partially surrounds the cell’s nucleus and multiple, retractile,
golden-brown particles of hemozoin pigment. High parastemia of H. columbae in the red blood
cells of birds was found. Cloacal swabs cultured on selective media revealed colonies with
metallic sheen characteristic of E.coli. Ectoparasites collected were identified as Pseudolynchia
canariensis and Goniocotes gigyax. A total of 545 birds were screened from the affected flocks
of different villages. Overall Mortality, Morbidity and case fatality rate were 24.58, 51.55 and
31.62 % respectively. Case fatality rate was higher in nestlings followed by females and then
males. Postmortem findings and histopathological findings and details of treatment will be
discussed in the presentation. There are limited reports of H. columbae in India. It seems to be
first report of an outbreak of H.columbae from Jammu and Kashmir.
15
2.25 OCCURANCE OF BOVINE MASTITIS IN TARAI REGION OF UTTRAKAHAND
Sumit Mahajan, P.Bhatt, Ramakant and Y.P.S.Dabass
Department of Veterinary Clinics
College of Veterinary and Animal Science
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar,Uttarakhand -263145
Mastitis is the most dreadful disease confronting the dairy industry throughout the world
but the situation in India is particularly very alarming and demands great attention for its control
because not only it causes colossal economic losses to the farmers, the disease is also
important from consumers and milk processors point of view. The present study was planned
with an aim to access the present situation of Mastitis in bovine of Tarai region of Uttrakhand. A
total of 5698 cases (4133 cattle and 1565 buffaloes) which was presented to Veterinary Clinics
and Teaching Hospital Pantnagar from January 2002 to December 2009 for various disorders
were included in the study. The overall incidence of mastitis in bovine was (21.12%) the
incidence of mastitis was higher in case of cattle (23.05%) than buffaloes (15.97%). The overall
incidence of mastitis was higher in case of cross breed (23.29%) than non-descriptive or
indigenous bovines (13.64%). Age wise incidence of mastitis was higher in 4-6 years age group
(59.39%), than 2-4 years age group (27.34%) and least in 6-8 years age group (13.30%). Year
wise analysis of data reveled higher incidence of mastitis in the year 2004(23.87%), followed by
2003(23.66%), 2009 (22.05%), 2008(21.50%), 2006(21.29%), 2002(20.99%), 2007(18.70%) and
least in the year 2005(17.06%).
2.26 DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS BY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST
M. G. Saranya and K. Vijayakumar
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive medicine
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala - 680651.
Milk from fifty five dairy animals of University Livestock Farm, Kerala Agricultural
University, Mannuthy were subjected to the electrical conductivity measurement for the detection
of subclinical mastitis. Fore milk samples collected from all the four quarters of the udder were
also subjected to California mastitis test. The capability of electrical conductivity test and
California mastitis test in detecting subclinical mastitis is compared. Milk samples which showed
a reading below 250 in the electrical conductivity meter and which is positive for California
mastitis test were collected aseptically and culture and antibiotic sensitivity test were carried out.
Cultures were identified to genus level using standard biochemical tests. Molecular studies were
attempted to identify the organism at genomic level. The results of the culture, biochemical tests
and molecular diagnosis are discussed.
2.27 A CASE OF SARCAPTIC MANGE AND ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT WITH
IVERMECTIN IN DECCANI LAMB IN AN ORGANISED FARM
Network Project on Sheep Improvement, (Deccani Farm Based Unit)
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri – 413 722 (M. S.)
Network Project on Sheep Improvement (Deccani Farm Based Unit), Mahatma Phule
Krushi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri is in sheep research since last 38 years i.e. 1972. This project
engaged in improvement of Sangamneri strain of Deccani sheep through selective breeding. At
present 450 animals with different age groups are maintained at this farm viz 0 to 3 months, 3 to
6 months, 6 to 12 months and adults.
16
Among the different clinical conditions mange is common skin infestation in sheep. It is
caused by Sarcoptes Scabiei var. ovis. A 6 month age old Deccani lamb suffering from
Sarcoptic Mange were presented at NWPSI, Deccani Farm Based Unit, MPKV, Rahuri. That
lamb shows the skin lesions were predominantly found on head, ear and neck. On clinical
examination, revealed normal physiological parameters and visible mucus membranes, faeces
and urine. That lamb shows symptoms like alopecia (patches of hair loss), and erythema were
observed. The microscopic examination of skin scraping collected from the affected animal
revealed Sarcoptes Scabei infestation. The affected lamb was treated with Ivermectin @ 0.25 ml,
S/C ( inj. Hitek), for 1 day along with phenaramine melate ( inj. Avil ) 0.5 ml, I/M, for 3 days. The
affected animal was recovered completely on 10th day and further no recurrence was observed.
2.28 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR DETECTION OF
Manju Armo, S.K.Maiti and K.Mukherjee
Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh
The present study was undertaken to evaluate comparative efficacy of different
diagnostic tests for detection of sub clinical mastitis in goats. For this study, a total of 213
graded Jamunapari lactating goats belonged to private owners in and around Durg district were
examined during the period from April 09 to October 09. For the detection of subclinical mastitis
milk samples were subjected to Bromothymol blue card test(BTB), Modified white side
test(MWST), Modified California Mastitis test(MCMT) and Milk somatic cell count( MSCC). Out
of 213, 112 were positive for sub clinical mastitis by SCC. Amongst 112 positive animals, 88
were found positive by MCMT, 64 by MWST and 57 by BTB. The comparative percent efficacy of
BTB, MWST and MCMT was determined by taking somatic cell count as a standard method for
diagnosis of SCM. Somatic cell count (SCC) in goat milk is commonly used as an effective index
of udder health in dairy goats. In the present study MCMT showed highest efficacy of 78.57% in
respect to sensitivity for diagnosis of SCM, followed by MWST (57.14%) and BTB (50.89%).
2.29 LEUKOCYTIC PICTURE IN SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN GOATS AND ITS
CORRELATION WITH MILK SOMATIC CELL COUNT (SCC)
Manju Armo, S.K.Maiti and B.K.Awasthi
Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh
The present work was carried out to study leukocytic picture in sub clinical mastitis in
goats and its correlation with milk somatic cell count (SCC). For this study, blood samples were
collected from 112 goats which were positive for sub clinical goats by somatic cell count and 20
clinically healthy goats i.e negative for SCM by SCC. Blood samples were examined for total
leukocytic count (TLC) and differential leukocytic count(DLC). The mean TLC value of goats
affected with SCM was significantly lower (P<0.05) in comparison to healthy goats. Though
neutrophil percent of affected goats was somewhat low but it did not vary significantly from that
of healthy goats. Percentages of lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocytes of both healthy and
affected goats were comparable. The present study did not reveal any significant correlation
between MSCC and TLC and DLC in the blood.
17
2.30 STUDY ON EFFICACY OF ANTIBIOTIC AND NON-ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY AGAINST
Manju Armo, and S.K.Maiti
Anjora, Durg , Chhattisgarh
This study was carried out to assess the effect of tri-sodium citrate and antibiotic
(ceftiaxone +tazobactam) alone or in combination for the treatment of subclinical mastitis in
goats. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed on the basis of MCMT, SCC, TLC and DLC. For this, a
total of 32 lactating goats affected with SCM were randomly divided into four groups viz. A, B, C
and D, each containing 8 goats. The goats of group A treated with tri-sodium citrate @ 30 mg/kg
b.wt orally daily up to 14 days. Group B received antibiotic (ceftiaxone +tazobactam) @ 5mg/kg
daily for 4 days. Group C received combination of tri-sodium citrate + antibiotic (ceftriaxone +
tazobactam) and Group D goats served as affected control. When compared among three
treated groups in relation to reduction in SCC level, it was observed that goats of group C which
received tri-sodium citrate and antibiotic showed a comparatively better response as revealed by
significant (P<0.05) reduction in the MSCC. On the contrary MSCC of affected control goats
remained elevated, and there was also significant increase in MSCC level on day ‘15’ as
compared to ‘0’ day value. In respect to DLC, it was found that, in all treated groups there was
significant (P<0.05) rise in neutrophil value during post treatment period indicating its restoration
to normal value. Present study revealed that administration of combination of ceftriaxone
tazobactum and tri-sodium citrate resulted 56.25% reduction in subclinical mastitis in goats,
whereas tri-sodium citrate and ceftriaxone+tazobactum alone resulted 19 % and 37.25%
reduction in infection respectively. The synergistic effect of sodium citrate and antibiotic might
have fastened the recovery of intra mammary infection in relation to decrease in the MSCC as
compared to group A or group B goats which received either antibiotic or tri-sodium citrate alone.
So it could be inferred that the combined therapy of antibiotic and sodium citrate was superior
than antibiotic and tri-sodium sodium citrate alone in the control of sub clinical mastitis.
2.31 SERO-PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE IN AND AROUND DURG OF
CHHATTISGARH
Nitu and S.K.Maiti
Anjora, Durg , Chhattisgarh
For this study, a total of 176 serum samples of cattle belonged to different Govt. and
private farms located in and around Durg of Chhattisgarh were screened for presence of Brucella
antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT), Serum tube Agglutination test (STAT) and IELISA. Of these, 55 serum samples were found positive by I-ELISA, 35 by STAT and 23 by
RBPT yielding an seroprevalence of 31.25%, 19.88 % and 13.06% respectively. Breed wise
analysis of the data revealed that crossbred cattle had higher seroprevalence (18.27% by RBPT,
27.95% by STAT, and 44.08% by I-ELISA) than indigenous cattle (07.22%, 10.84% and 16.86%
by RBPT, STAT and I-ELISA respectively). Cattle above 6 years age group showed highest
seroprevalence (40% by both STAT and I-ELISA) followed by 4-6 years age group (24.61% and
38.46% by STAT and I-ELISA respectively) and 0-2 years age group (0% by both RBPT and
STAT and 13.79% by I-ELISA). Whereas seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle of 2-4 years age
group was 7.01%, 15.78% and 28.07% by RBPT, STAT and I-ELISA respectively. In the present
study, the seroprevalence of brucellosis was more in female (19.16%, 28.33% and 40.83% by
18
RBPT, STAT and I-ELISA respectively) as compared to males (0%, 1.78 % and 10.71% in cattle
by RBPT, STAT and I-ELISA respectively).
2.32 INCIDENCE OF THEILERIOSIS IN CATTLE
Chetan Kumar G K and Sunita C
Veterinary officer, Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi, Doddaballapur taluk, Bangalore (R D)
A study was conducted to determine the incidence of theileriosis in cattle for a period of
one year (September 2009 to August 2010) based on the records available at Veterinary
Dispensary, Aroodi, Doddaballapur taluk, Bangalore (R D). Based on clinical signs 83 out of 372
cattle were suspected to be suffering from clinical theileriosis. From these animals, blood
samples were collected. Blood samples were used to prepare Giemsa stained smears. Out of
these 83 clinical cases 34 were found positive on blood smear examination. The incidence of
theileriosis in cattle in Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi during the period of study was found to be
9.14%.
2.33 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION IN A DAIRY HERD
Anumol Joseph, P.V.Tresamol and K.Vijayakumar
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy,
Thrissur-680651,Kerala.
An upper respiratory tract infection was reported in a private farm having 280 milch
animals. Many of the lactating cows showed symptoms like serous or mucoid nasal discharge,
cough and lowered milk production. Sterile nasal swabs were collected from twenty two affected
animals. The samples were subjected to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Detailed
haematological evaluation was done in all the cases. Affected animals were treated with
enrofloxacin and cured. Cultures were identified to genus level using standard biochemical tests
and molecular studies were attempted to identify the organism at genomic level. Results of
culture, biochemical tests and molecular diagnosis are discussed.
2.34 THE FIRST CASE OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN A FARMED PURNATHADI BUFFALO
Mohd.Mohsinuddin
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine,
Post-Graduate Institute of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
MAFSU, Akola (M.S.) – 444104
A Purnathadi buffalo of about 5yrs age belonging to our PGIVAS - Buffalo Farm was
presented to TVCC, Hospital, with a complaint of milk letting down problem and hypogalactia. On
clinical examination the animal had high fever 104°F, serous nasal discharge and congested
conjunctival mucous membrane. Blood sample examination by wet drop method revealed
presence of number of vigorously motile Trypanosomes. The buffalo was treated with Inj.
Isometamidium chloride hydrochloride @ 0.5mg/kg B. Wt. I/M, along with other supportive
treatment. The post-treatment 24hrs blood sample was examined and was found negative for
tryps. Only supportive treatment was repeated for further 3 days. The animal recovered with
restoration of milk yield and further no relapse was observed. This is the first case of
Trypanosomiasis recorded since the establishment of the buffalo farm of this institute.
19
2.35 ELAPHOSTRONGYLOSIS IN GOATS MAINTAINED AT WATERSHED PROJECT
K.S.Pajai, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode, A.Y.Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, Mohd.Mohsinuddin,
D.Chaudhary & I.K. Aghai
MAFSU, Akola (M.S.) - 444104
About 9 goats, aged between 1 – 3 yrs. of age, belonging to Watershed Project of Dr.
PDKV, Akola were brought to our TVCC-Hospital with a complaint of lameness & ataxia since
last two days. All goats were reported during Nov.- Dec.2010 . There was lameness with
stretching out of left hind limb and ataxia while other physiological activities were normal in all the
affected goats. The faecal examination revealed only mild endoparasitic infestation with eggs,
larva and few unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria . One or two ticks were observed on the body of
two goats only. Other symptoms were slight tremor and shaking of head among different goats .
Initially goats were treated with Inj. Diminazene aceturate , Oxytetracyline, B-complex, calcium &
fluid therapy parenterally for 3 days without any response . There was history of presence of
deer in the grazing area of these goats along with ponds of Watershed Project. These goats
were treated with two doses of Inj. Ivermectin & Tab.Fenbendazole twice in a week alongwith
daily administration of Tab. Diethylcarbamazine orally for 10 days. All the goats showed recovery
after 10 days except two. Thus, based on above findings these cases were diagnosed as
Elaphostrongylosis in goats.
2.36 ENDOPARASITISM IN TWO LOCAL YOUNG GOATS
K.S.Pajai, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode, A.Y.Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, D.Chaudhary & I.K.
Aghai
Two local young goats from nearby area were brought to our PGIVAS, TVCC-Hospital
with a complaint of anorexia, dullness and diarrhea. On clinical examination, both the goats had
rough skin coat, slight dehydration, dull-depressed look with anaemic m.m. and disinclined to
move. They had 101.4 & 102˚F body temp. respectively, while perianal region and tail were
soiled due to diarrhoea. The faecal samples were examined and were found heavily infested with
endoparasitic eggs of Trichostrongylus and Bunostomum spp. They were treated with
anthelmintic Fenbendazole @ 7.5 mg/kg BWt.as a single dose alongwith supportive treatment for
3 days leading to recovery.
2.37 A NON-RESPONDING CASE OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN JERSEY
CROSSBRED COW
S. G. Mode, K. S. Pajai, S. P. Waghmare, A. Y. Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, S.H.Vyavahare,
A.M.Bodkhe & Mohd.Mohsinuddin
A Jersey crossbred cow of about 5yrs.of age, was presented to TVCC, Hospital of this
college, with a complaint of respiratory trouble, intermittent coughing and weak body condition
since last one month. There was history of treatment with parenteral streptopenicillin, analgesics
and antihistaminics without any response. Routine haematological examination revealed
neutrophilia, low Hb, and negative for haemoprotozoan infection. Hence, cow was treated with
20
Inj.Ceftriaxone, Meloxicam, Chlorpheniramine maleate alongwith supportive therapy for 5
consecutive days. After treatment animal showed only moderate improvement. Thereafter within
10days animal died. On post-mortem examination cow was found to be suffering from pulmonary
Tuberculosis as evidenced by presence of numerous tubercular nodules throughout the lungs.
2.38 SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PROTECTIVE ANTIBODY TITRE
AGAINST FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN BOVINES OF UTTARAKHAND
Anand Mohan, A. K. Upadhyay, Mahesh Kumar, Sumit Mahajan, Arvind Kumar, Rathish, R. L.
and Vipul Thakur
DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,
GBPUA&T- PANTNAGAR, 263145, U.S.NAGAR, UTTARAKHAND
The present sero-epidemiological investigation was undertaken to know the
epidemiological pattern of protective antibody titre against FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in some
part of Uttarakhand by using LPB-ELISA. Total 900 serum samples were collected from four
districts namely U. S. Nagar, Dehradun, Nainital and Almora. The overall seroprevalence of
serotype O, A, and Asia-1 were 71.22%, 68.22% and 53.23%, respectively, while in cattle it was
73.01%, 69.20% and 53.63% but in buffaloes it was 68.01%, 66.46% and 52.80%, respectively.
Sex wise analysis of data reveled higher seroprevalence of FMD antibody in male bovines
(76.92%, 71.15% and 51.92%, respectively), for serotype O, A and Asia-1, than in females
(70.48%, 67.82% and 53.52%, respectively). The overall seroprevalenc in different age groups
were recorded as 41.67%, 37.50% and 29.17% (<1 yr), 64.21%, 61.05% and 50.53% (1 yr to <3
yr), 76.96%, 73.91% and 64.357% (3 yr to <5 yr) and 74.54%, 71.76% and 51.39% (≥5 yr) of
serotype O, A and Asia-1, respectively. Seroprevalence of FMD was highest in U. S. Nagar
(91.75%) followed by Dehradun (70%), Nainital (53.33%) and Almora (36%) for serotype O.
Similar patterns were found for serotype A and Asia-1, i.e. 85.00% and 70% respectively in U. S.
Nagar, followed by Dehradun (70% and 55% respectively), Nanital (53.33% and 40%
respectively), and Almora (36% and 20% respectively).
2.39 SEROTYPING OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS PRESENT IN BOVINES OF
UTTARAKHAND
Anand Mohan, A.K. Upadhyay, Mahesh Kumar, Sumit Mahajan, Arvind Kumar, Rathish, R.L. and
Vipul Thakur
DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,
GBPUA&T- PANTNAGAR, 263145, U.S.NAGAR, UTTARAKHAND
The present epidemiological investigation was undertaken to know the distribution pattern
of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes, viz. type O, A, C and Asia-1. A total of 20
tongue epithelium samples (13 Cattle and 7 Buffaloes) were collected from different field
outbreaks encountered in different districts of Uttarakhand during the year 2009-10. The samples
were processed for detection of different serotypes using sandwich ELISA. Of 20 samples, 13
(65.00%) were found positive for the presence of FMDV. The overall distribution pattern revealed
serotype-O (69.23%) was most predominant, followed by serotype-A (30.77%), whereas none of
the above samples were positive for serotypes-C and Asia-1. Out of 13 samples belonging to
cattle, 9 (69.23%) samples were positive for virus detection, of which 6 (66.67%) and 3 (33.33%)
were positive for serotype-O and A, respectively. Although in buffaloes, out of 7 samples tested,
4 samples (77.14%) were positive for virus detection, of which 75.00% belonged to serotype-O
and 25% belonged to serotype-A, respectively.
21
2.40 CONCURRENT INFECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS AND JOHNE’S DISEASE IN JERSEY
CROSSBRED cow
Sawalkar R.S., R.V. Suresh, Faris Delil Yesuf, Abhishek Yadav, M. Maheshkrishna, A.P. Nambi,
L. Gunaseelan
Dept of Vet Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence,
Dept of Vet Epidemiology and preventive Medicine,
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 07
A Jersey crossbred cow aged 7 years was presented to Large Animal Clinic, Medicine
Unit of MVC, Hospital with the history of good appetite, watery foul smelling diarrhea from past
one month, calved 10 days back, intermittent coughing, and weakness. On clinical examination
revealed dull, depression, weak body condition, wasting of abdominal and thigh muscles,
bilateral mucoid nasal discharge, prescapular lymph node slightly enlarged, doughy rumen
consistency with suspended rumen motility, heart rate 60 per minute, pale conjunctival mucous
membrane. Tentatively case was diagnosed as Johne’s disease(JD). On second day rectal pinch
smear examination revealed that acid fast Mycobacterium avium subspp paratuberculosis
organism present so fecal sample further subjected to PCR for confirmation of Johne’s disease
and it was confirmed as a JD. Cow was suffering from coughing, bilateral mucous nasal
discharge and wasting of abdominal and thigh muscles so further we suspected it may be case
of Tuberculosis (TB) as concurrent infection therefore on the same day we collected prescapular
lymph node aspiration biopsy smear for TB which was positive for acid fast bacilli, Milk and blood
samples subjected to PCR for confirmation of TB and JD and both samples positive for both TB
and JD by PCR.
2.41 RISK AND ASSOCIATION OF MASTITIS WITH AGE AND BREED IN BOVINES OF
TARAI REGION OF UTTARAKAHAND
P.Bhatt, Sumit Mahajan, Ramakant and Y.P.S.Dabass
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand -263145
Today mastitis is pronounced to be one of the dreadful diseases which are limiting dairy
development in India and abroad. The present study was planned with an aim to access the
present epidemiological status of bovine mastitis and its association with age and breed in Tarai
region of Uttrakhand. A total of 5698 cases (4133 cattle and 1565 buffaloes) which was
presented to Veterinary Clinics and Teaching Hospital Pantnagar from January 2002 to
December 2009 for various disorders were included in the study. Analysis of odd ratio at 95%
confidence interval revealed that the risk of development of mastitis in cattle was 1.576 times
more than buffaloes. Whereas breed wise analysis of data revealed that in cattle the cross breed
are 2.550 times more prone to disease than non descriptive breeds as the odd ratio in cross
breed (2.550) cattle was higher than non descriptive (0.639) cattle. In contrast to cattle the odd
ratio is higher in pure or descriptive breeds of buffaloes (1.084) than non descriptive or cross
breed buffaloes (0.922). Age wise analysis of data revealed higher odd ratio in age group 4-6
year (9.518 and 3.905), when compared with 6-8years (0.105) and 2-4 years (0.256) age group
respectively which suggests that the risk of development of mastitis is more in bovines of 4-6
years age group followed by 2-4 years and least in 6-8 years age group.
22
2.42 INCIDENCE OF BOVINE MASTITIS IN BANGALORE RURAL DISTRICT OF
KARNATAKA
Chetan Kumar G K and Lohith T. S
The present work was carried out to ascertain incidence of mastitis in cattle’s of
Bangalore Rural district of Karnataka for a period of six months (Jan 2010 to June 2010) based
on the records available at Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi, Doddaballapur taluk, Bangalore (R D).
Of the168 cases presented during period of study, 17 cattle were showed obvious signs of
clinical mastitis, an overall incidence of 10.12%.
2.43 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF OXYTETRACYCLINE AND BUPARVAQUONE IN THE
TREATMENT OF THEILERIOSIS
Chetan Kumar G K and N. Nagaraju
The present therapeutic trail was conducted to know the efficacy of Oxytetracycline and
Buparvaquone in the treatment of theileriosis in cattle. A total of 12 animal showing clinical signs
of theileriosis and which were found positive on blood smear examination for theileria organism
were selected for study. Out of 12 clinical cases, 6 were treated with inj. oxytetracycline @ 10mg/
kg b.wt i.v for 5-6 days and 6 were treated with single injection of Buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/ kg
b.wt i.m. The highest percentage of clinical cure was obtained with Buparvaquone (100 %) but in
animals treated with Oxytetracycline only 5 animals were recovered (83.33 %).
2.44 TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN PREGNANT BUFFALOES
S. Siva Jothi, V. C. Rayulu, K. Srinivasa Rao, B. Sudhakara Reddy and Somasekhara Reddy
Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati – 517 502
Trypanosoma evansi is widely prevalent in domestic as well as wild animals and is of
significant economic importance in terms of live stock production in India. Animals subjected to
stress, malnutrition, pregnancy, work etc., are more susceptible to T. evansi infection. Present
communication report the occurrence of trypanosomosis in pregnant buffaloes.
Sudden mortality of five pregnant buffaloes was reported in a village situated nearer to
the Proddatur, Kadapa District Andhra Pradesh. Buffaloes with signs like intermittent rise of
temperature, anorexia, rapid respiration, lacrimation, and congested mucus membranes,
progressive deterioration of body condition and loss of milk production were examined for the
presence of blood protozoan parasites. Out of thirty two animals examined, nine were found
positive for the presence of motile Trypanosoma parasites in wet blood smears. Stained blood
smears revealed Trypanosoma evansi parasites. To our surprise all the trypanosome infected
buffaloes were pregnant. Repeated examinations of blood smears were done to rule out the
presence of haemoprotozoan parasites other than trypanosomes. Treatment was carried out with
single injection of a mixture of quinapyramine sulphate and chloride along with supportive
therapy to the infected as well as all suspected animals.
23
2.45 CLINICAL CASES OF ABORTION IN OSMANABADI DOES DUE TO PESTEDES
PETITS RUIMNANT (GOAT PLAGUE) OUTBREAK
Bhagure R.C., A.B.Pande, B.K.Kakade
BAIF Development Research Foundation –Central Research Station, A/p. Urulikanchan Dist.
Pune.
About 450 Healthy, Breedable does are inducted in the villages of selected projected
area of Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Yeotmal, Ahmednagar and Nandurbar districts of Maharashtra
under sustainable rural livelihood program. Some of Does were advance pregnant The Goats
were procured from reliable Government Osmanabadi Goat breeding farm located near
Osmanabad. Previously there was history of outbreak in the project area. There is lack of good
veterinary care. The overall area lacks proper care and management practices for livestock has
fodder scarcity round the year. The similar signs and symptoms are seen in some pregnant
Osmanabadi and local goats. Acute form symptoms observed within 4-5 days. Sudden rise in
temperature 104 to 106 degree farad for 5to 8 days. Dull coat, dry muzzle, depressed appetite.
Muco-purulent nasal discharge on nostrils, coughing, sneezing, Conjunctivitis, matting of eyelids,
necrotic stomatitis, small roughened, red necrotic foci, debris on tongue, gum, oral cavity. Severe
diarrhea but not hemorrhagic, Dehydration, emaciation, dyspnea. Abortions were noted in about
42 pregnant goats. Some goats were recovered. Post mortem findings: Respiratory tract mainly
affected, followed by abortions in females and died. Suggestions: Spraying of lime powder,
maintain cleanliness. Isolation of sick goats from healthy one. Anti stress and treatment with
broad spectrum antibiotics was followed to prevent secondary infections. Washing of mouth and
foot lesions with mild Potassium Permangnate solution. Appling turmeric powder with oil on
scars. Feeding palatable greens (if available) advised. Prophylactic measures to be taken:
Deworming followed by Vaccination of healthy goats. Result: As per observations and data out of
450 goats. Conclusions: The disease was confirmed as Peste De Petits ruminants as the similar
signs and symptoms observed in the affected goats.
2.46 INCIDENCE OF THEILERIOSIS IN AND AROUND BANGALORE CITY
Sunita Choudhary., Upendra, H. A., Ravindranath, B.M., and Anu Bagga
Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex,
Yelahanka, Veterinary College Bangalore.
A retrospective study was done to know the incidence of theileriosis in cattle presented to
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex, Yelahanka, Bangalore during the period of
January 2010 – December 2010.
A total of 1730 cases of cattle were presented to the hospital during above mentioned
period. Tentative diagnosis of Theileriosis was done by clinical signs exhibited by animal:
pyrexia, anorexia, pale conjunctiva mucous membrane, emlarge prescapular and prefemoral
lymph nodes and presence of ticks on the body. Confirmation diagnosis was done by theleia
organism in the peripheral blood smear. It was noticed that incidence of Theileriosis was 0.75%.
Cases noticed in less than a year were four in number and remaining were present in adult
animals.
24
2.47 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF BABESIOSIS
Babesiosis is an important haemoprotozoan disease of cattle caused by Babesia
bigemina. Seven crossbred cows (6 Holstein Friesian and 1 Jersey) of 1 to 4 years of age were
presented to Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi, Doddaballapur taluk, Bangalore (R D) during March
2010 to August 2010, with the history of anorexia and coffee colored urine. These animals had
high fever (104.3 – 105.6 F), pale mucus membrane, hemoglobinuria (dark brown colored urine)
and ruminal atony and also observed numerous ticks on the animal body (5 out of 7). Giemsa
stained blood smears of these animals were positive for Babesia organisms. All the animals were
treated with Berenil @ 0.8 gm / 100 kg b.w. im (Repeated after 48 hrs) combined with
haematinics and liver tonic with B-complex. All the animals showed uneventful recovery.
2.48 EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF A TOPICAL HERBAL GEL IN ELIMINATING
SUBCLINICAL INTRAMAMMARY INFECTIONS IN DAIRY COWS
Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & AH
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388001 (Gujarat)
Indiscriminate use of antibacterial drugs in the treatment of various bovine disorders has
resulted in the development of acquired drug resistance which is a major handicap for the
clinicians the world over. Moreover, the use of conventional antibacterials in the treatment of
intramammary infections (IMI) in bovines adds to economic losses due to withholding time of milk
from the affected quarters. This necessitates looking for antibacterial drugs of herbal origin to
treat udder infections. In view of this, a study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of a herbal gel
(RMastilep, Ayurvet Ltd, Delhi) in the treatment of subclinical intramammary infection in cows.
Under the study, 27 quarters of 13 cows in milk (15 quarters of 8 cows from triple cross (Kankrej
x Jersey x HF) and 12 quarters of 5 cows from Gir) being maintained at farms affiliated with AAU,
Anand, were included. To identify quarters harbouring subclinical intramammary infection,
individual quarter milk samples were subjected to bacteriological culture examination and
electronic somatic cell count using Fossomatic cell counter (Foss Electric, Hollerod, Denmark).
The herbal gel was topically applied on affected quarters and teats for five consecutive
days after morning and evening milking by gentle massaging. Quarter milk samples were
collected from affected quarters at day 5, 14 and 21 post-last treatment and subjected to
bacteriological culture examination to assess bacteriological cure, and electronic somatic cell
count to assess reduction in inflammatory response. Out of 27 quarters treated with the gel,
bacteriological cure was showed in 13 quarters on day 5, 14 and 21. Of the remaining 14
quarters, 12 showed bacteriological cure on day 14 and 21 whereas two quarters showed
presence of bacteria even on day 5, 14 and 21 post-last treatment. The SCC in treated quarters
showed decreasing trend on D 5, D 14 and D 21 except those 2 quarters which continued to
show bacterial growth post-treatment. The mean SCC of the quarters before the treatment (D 0)
was 1417.22±191.35 (×103). The same after the treatment at D 5, D 14 and D 21 was
596.92±173.06 (×103), 366.84±129.63 (×103) and 318.88±117.03 (×103) respectively. Statistically
significant difference was obtained in the mean SCC of quarters before (D 0) and after (at D 5, D
14 and D 21) treatment. The overall cure rate of quarters treated with herbal gel was found to be
92.59 per cent.
The results of the study indicated the topical herbal gel as an effective treatment of
subclinical intramammary infection in cows by bringing bacteriological cure as well as significant
reduction in inflammatory response in the affected udder quarters.
25
2.49 EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF AN INTRAMAMMARY PREPARATION
CONTAINING CLOXACILLIN AND COLISTIN IN SUBCLINICAL INTRAMAMMARY
INFECTIONS IN DAIRY COWS
Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & AH
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388001 (Gujarat)
Intramammary infection (IMI) of bovines is recognized as one of the costly diseases in
dairy herds. The condition results in marked reduction in the amount of milk synthesised and
changes in levels of specific milk components reducing overall milk quality. Subclinical IMI
results in economic losses by reduced milk production and lower milk quality and assumes
greater importance as it accounts for 70%-80% of total losses attributes to IMI. Antibacterial
drugs have been in common use to combat infections of bovine udder with varying degrees of
success.
A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of antibacterial drug Mammitel (Intas
pharmaceutical Ltd. Ahmedabad, 10 gm intramammary antibiotic preparation containing colistin
sulphate 5,00,000 IU and cloxacillin 200 mg) in the treatment of subclinical IMI in cows. The
cows included in this study belonged to the milking herd being maintained at the university farms
and belonged to Gir and Triple cross (Kankrej x Jersey x HF) breed. The animals were screened
for subclinical IMI using SCC and bacteriological culture examination. A total of 15 affected
quarters (10 quarters from Triple cross and 5 quarters from Gir) harbouring specific bacterial
infection were selected for the study.
One intramammary syringe was infused in each affected quarter on three occasions at 12
hourly interval. After the administration of drug for the specified period, the quarter milk samples
were collected on day 5, 14 and 21 post-last treatment and their bacteriological culture
examination and electronic somatic cell count were carried out to assess the efficacy of tested
drugs. Out of 15 quarters treated with the drug, bacteriological cure was recorded in 13 quarters
on day 5, 14 and 21 whereas in the remaining 2 quarters, bacteriological cure was observed on
day 14 and 21 post-last treatment. The SCC in treated quarters showed decreasing trend on D 5,
D 14 and D 21 post-last treatment. The mean SCC of the quarters before treatment (D 0) was
1007.214±189.63 (× 103). The same after the treatment at D 5, D 14 and D 21 was
215.571±67.01 (× 103), 163.571±53.13 (× 103) and 159.714±49.09 (× 103), respectively.
Statistically significant difference was obtained in the mean SCC of quarters before (D 0) and
after (at D 5, D 14 and D 21) treatment. The use of drug resulted in elimination of pathogens as
well as reduction in inflammatory response in all the treated quarters. In nutshell, the results of
the study showed the intramammary preparation containing cloxacillin and colistin to be having
excellent efficacy in the treatment of subclinical intramammary infection.
2.50 RED DYSENTERY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN A CROSSBRED COW
Teaching Veterinary Clinical complex,
College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati- 517501.
Five years old crossbred cow was brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex
with the history of anorexia and bloody diarrhea past three days. Clinical examination revealed
dullness, anorexia, tenesmus, grinding of teeth, mucus coated dark colored watery diarrhea and
mild degree of dehydration. Faecal examination showed presence of Eimeria sp. The cow was
treated with Sulphadimidine @ 140 mg/kg.bwt PO, Ringer Lactate 1lit i/v, DNS 1 lit i/v and
Inj.Bcomplex 10 ml i/m for five days. After treatment the animal recovered completely.
26
2.51 PREVALENCE OF AMPHISTOMIASIS IN SHIMOGA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA- A
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Ganesh Udupa, K., Suresh Patel, R., Poonam Vishwakarma and Anju Eliz Ben
Department of Medicine, Veterinary College, Vinobanagar, Shivamogga, Karnataka-577 204
Amphistomes are common flukes and has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical regions.
Although, the prevalence of amphistomiasis in Karnataka is reported earlier, there is paucity of
reports on amphistomiasis on its prevalence in malanad region. Hence, the present study has
been done to evaluate the prevalence of amphistomiasis in all the concerned domestic ruminant
species around Shimoga. For this study, the cases presented to teaching veterinary Clinical
complex between 1st Sept 2009 and 31st Aug 2010 were utilized. A total of 244 ruminants with
the history of unthriftiness, poor body condition, debility or diarrhoea were screened for their
faecal sample examination both by direct and indirect (floatation) technique out of which overall
prevalence was 8.19 per cent. Species wise prevalence revealed highest prevalence in Cattle
(85%) followed by sheep, goat and buffaloes equally. Higher number of positive animals were
found May (35%) & April (20%) months. The possible determinants for the occurrence of the
amphistomiasis in the region were discussed.
2.52 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF MIXED INFECTION OF THEILERIOSIS IN MASTITIC
CATTLE
Garima Sharma and Alok Kumar, Vivek kumar, Naveen pandey, Brajesh kumar
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences.
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand.
Mastitis is one of the most economically significant diseases of dairy cattle and is
important from public health point of consideration. A four-year old cross breed cattle, weighing
300 kg was presented to VTH, Pantnagar with the history of tick-infestation over the body 1
month ago, dark- coloured urine, anorexia, drop in milk yield and spoilage of milk on boiling.
Animal was having elevated body temperature (1060F),laboured breathing ,petechial
haemorrages on conjunctivae, serous nasal discharge and restlessness, with completely
suspended rumination . On close inspection, no ectoparasites were found on animal body.
Udder was soft without any sign of inflammation but warm. On physical examination of milk, no
abnormality was detected but direct examination of milk by MESTECT paper showed colour
change to green indicative of sub-clinical mastitis. Antibiogram assessment of milk showed
sensitivity of disclosed isolates of Staphylococci, Streptococci and Pseudomonas spp. to
Aminopenicillins. Thin blood smear examination after geimsa staining showed presence of
piroplasmic stages of Theileria sp. in erythrocytes. Animal was treated with Buparvaquone
(Butalex)@2.5mg/kg BW deep IM single injection , inj Intamox@10 mg\kg BW BID for 5 days ,
Intramammary infusion Pendistrin -SH bid for 3 days , inj. Hepaplex@5ml IM once a day for 4
alternate days. Supportive therapy was done with Dextrose saline (5%) @ 6 litres IV given from
the next day of butalex injection for 3 days, inj. Anistamin@ 8 ml IM once a day for 5 days, bolus
Feritas @1 bolus daily orally for 10 days. Recovery was assessed by clot on boil test of milk
.Milk was found to be normal after 15 days of treatment and no protozoa was detected in blood
smear in 3 successive blood smear examination at 7 days interval showing recovery of the case.
Key words: Sub-clinical mastitis, Theileriosis, Piroplasmic stages, Antibiogram
27
2.53 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA DUE TO BABESIOSIS IN
A BULLOCK
Khangal P.S., Digraskar S.U., Pawar M.L., Rasal T.D. and Awale N.V.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MAFSU,
Parbhani (Maharashtra) 431 402.
A 4½ years old non-descript bullock was presented to the Department of Veterinary
Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani with a complaint of anorexia,
weakness, progressive emaciation, respiratory distress and suspended rumination. The bullock
had history of being treated with doses of Diminazene aceturate, Oxytetracycline, Analgin and
Dextrose 5% therapy. The blood smear report was positive for babesia infection. However the
bullock did not showed complete recovery. The clinical examination of bullock revealed
extremely pallor and icteric mucous membranes, tachycardia (108 bpm), polypnoea and slightly
raised body temperature. Haematological examination revealed Hb 2.6 gm%, PCV 10%, TEC
2.4x106/µl indicative of severe anaemia, TLC 7.57x103/µl and the relative DLC as N-56%, L-40%,
E-02% and M-02%. Serum bilirubin was found 2.0 mg/dL and urine examination revealed Hay’s
sulphur powder test, Fauchet’s test and Robert’s test to be positive. Faecal sample was negative
for any endoparasitic infestation. The blood transfusion was not possible because of
unavailability of donor’s blood. The bullock was subjected to intensive care and therapeutic
management with injectable preparations of iron, liver extract, Ascorbic acid, Oxytetracycline-LA,
fluid and electrolytes as a standard supportive therapy. The bullock was under constant
observations and clinical evaluation. The Haemoglobin improved from 2.6 gm% to 4.5 gm%,
while serum bilirubin was reduced after a week.
Therapeutic regimen of haematinic and supportive therapy was continued for another two
weeks time and the bullock responded well with a good clinical recovery.
Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia, babesiosis and bullock.
2.54 CLINICAL SETARIOSIS IN A BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)
Pawar M.L., Khangal P.S., Rasal T.D., Digraskar S.U., Galdhar C.N. and Awale N.V.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MAFSU,
Parbhani (Maharashtra) 431 402.
Background: Setariosis is a vector-borne disease primarily affecting buffaloes, but little is known
about its varied clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapeutics.
Hypothesis: Setariosis is a vector-borne disease of buffaloes with high clinical significance.
Animals: Eighteen buffaloes with varying degrees of inappetance, drop in milk production, fever
and no response to conventional therapy were studied for Setariosis.
Methods: Among eighteen graded buffaloes exhibiting varied clinical manifestations of digestive
disorder and high temperature, one was found positive for sheathed microfilariae of Setaria spp.
in the blood sample by modified Knott’s method and Westergren tube method.
Results: The prevalence of clinical Setariosis was 5.55% (1/18) in buffaloes. Chronic
inappetance, decreased milk yield, pyrexia, dyspnoea, mucopurulent conjunctivitis, mucoid
discharge from nostrils, impaction of rumen, lameness and swollen knee and hock joints were
the clinical manifestations. Antibiotic, liver extract, rumenotorics and NSAID did not produced
relief. Blood scanning by Modified Knott’s method and Westergren tube method revealed
ensheathed larvae (microfilariae) in the blood. The buffalo infected with microfilariae of Setaria
spp. was treated with [email protected]/kg B.wt. S/C with set of standard supportive therapy.
The first dose of Ivermectin produced relief. However the blood sample was positive at low edge
and a second dose of Ivermectin was instituted after 6th day. The buffalo showed complete
clinical recovery in a week time.
28
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: General manifestations suggesting digestive,
respiratory or musculoskeletal involvement proved negative on blood examination. Setariosis
due to circulating microfilariae, though of lesser prevalence bears high clinical significance and
veterinarians can use this information during clinical practice.
Keywords: Setaria spp. and Ivermectin.
2.55 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ISOMETAMIDIUM CHLORIDE AGAINST
TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN CAMEL (Camellus dromedaries)
Rasal T.D., Pawar M.L., Khangal P.S., Digraskar S.U., Galdhar C.N. and Awale N.V.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
MAFSU, Parbhani (Maharashtra). 431 402.
A migratory female camel about 7½ years old was presented to the Department of
Veterinary Medicine, Parbhani with a complaint of anorexia, frequent convulsive attacks followed
by falling on ground, loud bellowing and progressive loss of body weight. The camel was
previously treated symptomatically at rural veterinary hospital. The clinical examination of camel
revealed elevated body temperature (103.2oF), respiration rate 28 breaths/min and heart rate 78
bpm. The camel was dull, depressed with pallor mucosae, epiphora, dry muzzle, sticky salivation
and moderate dehydration. Examination of wet blood film and Geimsa stained buffy coat smear
revealed Trypanosoma evansi indicative of Surra. Blood biochemical analysis indicating
hypoglycaemia (27.8 mg/dL) and hepatic insuffiency (LDH 188 IU/L). The camel was treated with
new trypanosidal drug Isometamidium chloride @ 0.5mg/kg B.wt. deep I/M along with supportive
therapy of Dextrose 20%, Ringer’s lactate, meloxicam, multivitamins and liver extract.
The camel showed drastic clinical improvement after Isometamidium chloride therapy and
had no convulsive attacks. The supportive therapy was continued for 3 days. The female camel
showed excellent recovery and blood sample collected after 1 month was found negative for
trypanosomes.
Keywords: Camel, Trypanosomosis and Isometamidium chloride.
2.56 SEROPREVALENCE OF BLUE TONGUE ANTIBODIES IN GOATS IN KANYAKUMARI
DISTRICT
R.Ramprabhu, J.J.Rajeswar, Y.K.M.Reddy and B.Murali Manohar
Veterinary University Training and Research Centre,
Nagercoil at Parakkai-629601, Tamilnadu
Blue tongue is an arthropod borne viral disease mainly affects sheep but it is also
prevalent in goats. The disease is mainly transmitted by culicoides.The study was aimed to find
out the seroprevalence of blue tongue virus in goats in kanyakumari district of Tamilnadu.Out of
the 414 samples collected from Tellicherry goats over a one year period,307 goats were positive
for blue tongue antibodies. The goats did not show any clinical signs of the disease. The reason
for the increased prevalence may be due to the higher prevalent among sheep in the adjacent
district.
29
2.57 ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS FROM GOAT MILK
Aher T. K., Kumar P., Roy A., Killedar A.
Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology,
College of Veterinary Science & A. H.
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388001 (Guj)
In the present study, twenty seven milking goats including mastitic goats were screened
for microbial infection of udder by isolation of microorganisms from milk. Aseptically collected
milk samples were inoculated on suitable artificial media and the growth was observed after 24
hours. The organisms were identified on the basis of colony character, staining, microscopic
examination and biochemical tests. Out of 27 milk samples, 5 samples (18.5%) were found
positive for staphylococcus organisms, 2 samples (7.4%) were found positive for streptococci
spp. whereas 2 samples (7.4%) were found positive for both the organisms. The present study
underlines the importance of microbiological examination of milk in controlling the clinical
mastitis.
2.58 DETECTION OF Mycobacterium paratuberculosis INFECTION IN GOATS BY JHONIN
TESTING
Aher T. K., Kumar P., Killedar A.
RBRU, College of Veterinary Science & A. H.
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388001 (Guj).
The present study was undertaken to detect the goats which are serologically positive to
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Total 214 goats were screened by intradermal Johnin test. In
all the goats, 0.1ml of Johnin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) was injected intradermally.
Animals showing local reaction and increase in the thickness of skin fold after 48-72 hours of
inoculation were considered as positive. Animal were considered as positive reactor when the
difference in the measurement of skin fold was found more than 5mm. The 15 goats out of 214
(7%) were found positive for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by intradermal testing.
2.59 CULTURE AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF MASTITIS IN GOATS
D. Srikala, K. Satish Kumar, S. Ayodhya, V.V.V. Amruth Kumar, P. Nagaraj and D. S. Tirumala
Rao
Department of Clinical Medicine
College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad – 500 030, A. P.
Goats presented to Campus Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Science,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with the history and signs of swollen udder, pain on palpation were
selected for the study. Change in the colour and consistency of milk with partial to fully fibrosed
udder tissue were the physical findings. Mastitis was diagnosed using Californian mastitis test.
Blood and serum samples were evaluated for complete blood picture and serum chemistry. Milk
was collected asceptically for culture and antibiogram studies. Affected goats were treated with
enrofloxacin @10 mg/kg, im along with strepto penicillin intra mammary infusion and parenteral
meloxicam for 5-7 days. The details are discussed.
30
2.60 GANGRENOUS MASTITIS IN A COW – A CASE REPORT
Taluka Veterinary, Minipolyclinic, Barshitakali
Dist : Akola – 444 401, Maharashtra
Mastitis is one of the economically important disease of bovines deteriorating milk quality
and some time causes irreparable damage to udder. A 6 yr. old Jersey crossbred cow was
presented with the history of calving 10 days before and acute swelling on teat and quarter since
4 to 5 days. Owner previously had treated the animal with many drugs. On clinical examination of
teat revealed cracked skin, bluish black discoloration with hard and oozing serum. Sloughing of
teat had started. Milk collected from all four quarters was positive for CMT. On the basis of
clinical symptoms the case was diagnosed as gangrenous mastitis. The treatment done was not
effective and cow died. Prompt treatment of clinical mastitis is the only way to avoid such
complications.
2.61 EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF VITAMIN A AND
SERRATIOPEPTIDASE IN CLINICAL MASTITIS IN BUFALOES
Inderjeet Yadav, Anshu Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, S.K. Phulia,
V.K. Jain and Sridhar
College of Veterinary Sciences,
CCSHAU, Hisar – 125004, Haryana
The present investigation was carried out on 18 buffaloes showing clinical signs of
mastitis along with evidence of pathogenic bacteria and elevated somatic cell count in quarter
milk samples. These mastitic buffaloes were divided into groups I, II and III of six each. Group I
buffaloes were treated with enrofloxacin @ 5 mg/kg b.wt. intra-muscularly daily for 5 days. Group
II buffaloes were treated with enrofloxacin as per dose and schedule adopted for group I
buffaloes along with vitamin A injection @ 6, 00,000 I.U. intra-muscularly daily for 5 days. Group
III buffaloes were treated with enrofloxacin and vitamin A injections as per dose and schedule
adopted for group II buffaloes along with serratiopeptidase 2.4 lacs enzymatic units orally twice a
day for 5 days. Milk samples from buffaloes of all therapeutic groups were collected twice i.e.
prior to treatment and 5 days after withdrawal of treatment and these were subjected to cultural
examination, somatic cell count and California mastitis test. Findings revealed that therapeutic
regimen comprising enrofloxacin, vitamin A and serratiopeptidase was highly efficacious (100%)
in clinical mastitis in buffaloes followed by enrofloxacin and vitamin A combination (83.3%) and
enrofloxacin alone (66.67%).
2.62 SOME INVESTIGATIONS ON CLINICAL MASTITIS IN BUFFALOES
Inderjeet Yadav, Anshu Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, S.K. Phulia,
V.K. Jain and Sridhar
College of Veterinary Sciences,
CCSHAU, Hisar – 125004, Haryana
The present investigation was carried out on 70 quarter milk samples collected from 18
clinical cases of mastitis in buffaloes. Maximum cases of mastitis were found to occur in right
hind quarters followed by left hind, left fore and right fore quarters. Frequency of clinical cases of
mastitis decreased with higher lactation number. Maximum cases of clinical mastitis were
recorded in sixth and seventh month post-calving. Amongst the various mastitogenic bacteria
isolated, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent, accounting for 65.85 per cent, followed
31
by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (24.39 %), E. coli (7.31 %), and K. pneumoniae (2.45 %). All the
organisms isolated were found to be 100 per cent sensitive to enrofloxacin. Besides,
Streptococcus dysgalactiae, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae were also 100% sensitive to
chloramphenicol and E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were 100% sensitive to amikacin and
cephtriaxone. There was highest sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus against enrofloxacin and
the least against the least against polymixin-B. Staphylococcus dysgalactiae organisms were
found to be highly sensitive against enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, oleandomycin, and
ciprofloxacin and the least sensitive against polymixin-B.
2.63 PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF
Ag-NANOPARTICLES
Zoya Zaheer and Rafiuddin
Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh -202002, UP, India
Nanoparticles may have different effects on human health relative to bulk material from
which they are produced. Many nanoparticles are small enough to have an access to skin, lungs,
and brain.. Increase in biological activity of nanoparticles can be beneficial, detrimental or both.
However, understanding the mechanism by which biomolecules of these organisms are involved
in synthesis is lacking. Recognizing the importance of terminal –COOH, -OH and –SH groups of
proteins and/or peptides in the synthesis of different size and shape of advanced silver
nanomaterials, we have chosen the aspartic acid-Ag+ redox reaction to verify the role of side
chain, –COOH group of aspartic acid (structural unit of protein) in the preparation of Agnanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles, prepared by the reduction of Ag+ ions with aspartic acid, were
characterized by means of UV-visible spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM)
data indicate that the silver nanoparticles are spherical and of uniform particle size, and the
average particle size is about 15 nm for CTAB stabilized Ag-nanoparticles..Due to their
antibacterial activity medical applications of silver nanoparticles includes diagnostic biomedical
optical imaging, biological implants (like hearts valves), dressing and bandages. Silver
nanoparticles will be used as drug delivary in human body in future.
2.64 EFFICACY OF AMOXICILLIN-LONG ACTING AGAINST PNEUMONIA IN BOVINES
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, Jayanta Bhattacharya, Rashmi Karmarkar and A.M.Athawale
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
MAFSU, Parbhani (Maharashtra)-431 402
The therapeutic trial was conducted to evaluate efficacy of a new molecule AmoxicillinL.A 15% (Vetoquinol) for treatment of pneumonia in bovines. Ten animals (bovines) showing
classical signs of pneumonia viz; bilateral/unilateral nasal discharge, coughing, fever,
tachypnoea, tachycardia and abnormal lung sounds were utilized for the present clinicotherapeutic trial and were compared with healthy control group. Further these animals were
administered Amoxicillin-LA 15% @ 15 mg/kg b.wt by intramuscular route. The treatment was
repeated after 48 hours after 1st injection. Concurrent supportive therapy of anti-inflammatory,
corticosteroid and antihistaminics was continued for 3 days. The efficacy of Amoxicillin-LA was
evaluated based reduction in elevated Body temperature (oF), improvement in total leukocyte
count (TLC) and Differential leukocyte count (DLC) before and after therapeutic regimen and
also the duration required for disappearance of pneumonic symptoms in treated animals. The
mean values of body temperature (oF) and TLC (103/ l) in affected animals were 104.12 0.271,
13.82 0.274 which improved significantly (P< 0.01) after long acting Amoxicillin-L.A therapy to
100.22 0.113, 9.025 0.185 respectively. The average values of body temperature (oF) and
TLC (103/ l) in healthy controls were 99.83 0.82, 8.60 0.57. Recovery in symptoms of nasal
32
discharge, respiratory insufficiency, coughing and overall improvement was observed after 4
days of Amoxicillin-LA therapy. Neutrophilia (48-72%) and moderate Eosinophilia (6-12%) were
characteristic findings in pneumonic cases which were found improved after Amoxicillin-LA
treatment , Based on above findings, it can be concluded that The product Amoxicillin-LA 15% is
highly efficacious for the treatment of pneumonia and respiratory affections in bovines.
2.65 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMOSIS IN A RED
KANDHARI BULLOCK
S.U.Digraskar, V.D.Muley, B.W.Narladkar Meera Sakhare and Jaybhaye R.S
A seven year old male Red Kandhari bullock was referred to the department of Veterinary
Medicine with history of inappetance, loss of body weight and frequent passing of fresh watery
blood in feces since last four days. The bullock was previously treated at local village hospital but
had no response to gut acting antibiotics, coagulants, Ascorbic acid and Vitamin K thearpy.
Clinical examination of the bullock revealed palor mucus membrane, moderate dehydration,
emaciation and suspended ruminal motility. On inspection, the bullock was showing signs of colic
and passing fresh watery blood before defecation while straining. The bullock was then
subjected to laboratory examinations like hematology, fecal analysis and estimation of blood
clotting time. Hematological examination indicated anemia, leuckocytosis and neutophilia.
Clotting time was found elevated to 9 min and 30 seconds. The fecal examination, performed by
sedimentation technique revealed presence of large number of Schistosoma indicum eggs 8-10
per microscopic field with few attached to mucosa confirming diagnosis as intestinal
Schistosomosis. The bullock was further treated with specific therapy of Praziquantel @ 20
mg/kg b.wt orally daily for 3 consecutive days along with supportive therapy of fluids and
electrolytes, haematanics, antispasmodic and astringent preparation . The bullock responded
well to the treatment as abatement of symptoms started from the very next day. The bullock
regained its appetite, fecal color and consistency returned to normal with absence of intestinal
bleeding indicating clinical recovery.
2.66 MANAGEMENT OF BABESIOSIS IN TWELEVE DAYS OLD NON-DESCRIPT COW
CALF-A CASE REPORT
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, B.W.Narladkar and Bhujbal R.D
Babesiosis in adult bovines is common however, clinical babesiosis in twelve days old
cow calf is a rare phenomenon. A twelve days old male non-descript cow calf was presented to
Department of Veterinary Medicine with complaint of inappetence, weakness, depression and
passing of red colored urine. Clinical examination revealed high fever (105.20F), slightly swollen
prescapular lymph nodes, haemoglobinuria, sternal recumbancy, anaemic and icteric mucus
membrane, increased respiration and heart rates. Further blood smears were prepared from the
ear tip of calf. Blood sample was also collected for hematology and liver function test. The
examination of Giemsa-stained blood smear prepared from ear tip showed intraerythrocytic
merozoites of Babesia spp. confirming diagnosis as Babesiosis. Hematological analysis revealed
decrease in Hb, PCV and TEC values. Liver function test revealed increase in serum total
bilirubin and indirect bilirubin indicating development of prehepatic jaundice. The affected calf
was further treated with single dose of inj Diminazene aceturate injection (Berenil RTU) @ 5
33
mg/kg b.wt intramuscularly along with supportive therapy of intravenous fluid containing glucose,
liver tonic, antipyretic and iron dextran preparations for 3 days. The calf responded well to the
treatment as urine color consistency and fever returned to physiological range within 24 hour.
The calf was alert on 3rd day and complete clinical recovery was obtained within a week’s time.
2.67 MANAGEMENT OF CONCURRENT INFECTION OF DERMATOPHYTE AND DEMODEX
MITE IN A COW HEIFER
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, B.W.Narladkar, S. Maini, K.Ravikant, G.M.Chigure, B.S.Khillare and
S.T.Kalwaghe
Department of Veterinary Parasitology,
R & D team, Ayurvet limited, Baddi (H.P), India
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MAFSU, Parbhani
(Maharashtra)-431 402, India.
A heifer cow of about 11/2 year old was referred to the Department of Veterinary Medicine
with the complaint of intense pruritus, restlessness, rubbing the affected part of body against
hard objects. Clinical examination revealed presence of typical circular, hairless, raised grayishwhite lesions on neck along sides, chest, dewlap, abdomen and flank region. On the basis of
clinical inspection and characteristic manifestations of alopetic, thick grayish-white, circular,
crusty raised lesions and focal pityriasis, The case was tentatively diagnosed as
Dermatophytosis. For confirmation skin scrapings from periphery of lesions were collected from
different sites and were then subjected to fungal culture and also microscopic examination using
10% KOH for the detection of mange. The skin scrapings collected from face and head region
showed presence of Demodex bovis mites 1-2/per field, while scrapings collected from circular
patches and subjected to fungal culture revealed Trichophyton verrucosum species of
dermatophyte. On the basis of cultural examination and lab examination of skin scrapings, the
case was confirmed as concurrent infection of Dermatophytosis and Demodicosis in a cow
heifer. Further, the heifer was subjected to topical herbal medicine (Charmil* spray) therapy 3
times daily over affected parts for 2 weeks period.. Clinical recovery was noticed after 2 weeks of
herbal therapy with complete disappearance of skin lesions and regrowth of hair. Post-treatment
fungal culture and skin scrapping were negative for Tr.verrucosum and Demodex mite.
2.68 SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN A COW CALF
M.P.Sakhare, S.U.Digraskar, V.D.Muley, B.W.Narladkar, P.B.Hase and M.F.M.F Siddiqui
MAFSU, Parbhani (Maharashtra)-431 402.
A two month old male cow calf was presented to the Department of Veterinary Medicine
with a complaint of passing loose feces since last two to three days. Clinical examination
indicated reduced milk intake, rough hair coat, thin body condition and smudging of anus and tail
with feces. On hematological examination Hb and PCV was 3.6 gm% and 9.0% respectively.
Fecal sample subjected to parasitological examination revealed presence of Schistosoma spp
eggs. Calf was further treated with specific drug Praziquantel @ 10mg/kg b.wt orally for 3 days.
Supportive therapy included fluid and electrolytes, anti-inflammatory and haematanic
preparations. The calf responded well to Praziquantel therapy after two days.
34
2.69 BABESIA OVIS INFECTION IN GOAT – A CASE REPORT
M. K. Vidhya, G. C. Puttlakshmamma, S.C. Halmandge, V.R. Kasaralikar, R. Bhoyar and
N.A. Patil
Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bidar – 585401.
Adult buck with history of anorexia, pale mucous membrane, fever (1040 F), coughing,
weakness and haemoglobinuria was presented to Veterinary College Hospital, Bidar. Blood
smear was stained with Giemsa stain revealed Babesia ovis organisms. The majority of
piroplasms appeared round occurring at the margin of the red cells. Hematological and
biochemical findings revealed Hb 8.8 gm% , PCV 32 %, TLC 11600 /cmm, Glucose 61 mg/ dl,
Total protein 3.3gm/dl, SGPT 49 U/L, SGOT 35 U/L, Ca 10.17 mg/dl and P 7.51 mg/dl. The
ticks were collected from the body for identification. Ticks were cleared in 10 % KOH and
identified as Haemaphysalis species with pedipalp showing lateral projections.Animal was
treated with diminazine aceturate @ - 2.5 mg/kg body wt i/m once and supportive therapy was
done and details will be discussed.
2.70 OCCURRENCE OF BALANTIDIOSIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES
S.C. Halmandge, R. Bhoyar, V.R. Kasaralikar, K.G. Udupa and N.A. Patil
Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bidar
The present study was carried out on the cases of balantidiosis in cattle and buffaloes
that are presented to Veterinary College Hospital, Bidar during the period from 2007 to 2010. A
total of 53 cases of balantidiosis were presented during the period. Balantidiosis was confirmed
based on the presence of trophozoites and cysts in the faecal samples by direct faecal
examination. The clinical signs consisted of normal appetite or inappetance, long standing
diarrhea and gradual going down in body condition. A total of 40 (75.5 %) cattle and 13 (24.5 %)
buffaloes were found to be affected. Among the affected animals 62.3 % and 37.7 % of animals
were males and females respectively. Among the diseases animals 7.5 %, 37.7 %, and 54.7 %
of animals in the age group of upto 1 year, 2 to 5 years and above 5 years respectively. There is
no significant difference between the seasons and years in the occurrence of disease. The
implication of these findings on the routine diagnosis and treatment of balantidiosis are
discussed.
2.71 PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC INFESTATION IN GOATS
S.C. Halmandge, R. Bhoyar, M.K. Vidhya, V.R. Kasaralikar, and N.A. Patil
A total of 106 faecal samples of goats were screened for gastro-intestinal parasitic
infestation in nearby villages of Veterinary College, Bidar during October to December 2010. A
total of 84 (79.2 %) samples found positive for various GI parasitic infestation which were
confirmed based on the presence of ova or oocyst in the faecal smaples by direct and floatation
method of faecal examination. The distribution of cases indicated higher occurrence of
Strongylosis (65.5 %) followed by Strongyloidosis (28.6 %), Coccidiosis (23.8 %), Moneiziasis
(4.8 %) Trichuriosis (1.2 %) and Amphistomosis (1.2 %). Among affected goats 36.9 % faecal
samples revealed mixed parasitic infestation.
35
2.72 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MASTITIS IN AND AROUND BIDAR
P.S. Santosh, S.C. Halmandge, R. Bhoyar, N.A. Patil and V.R. Kasaralikar
Among several diseases of dairy animals Mastitis occupies top most priority while treating
the animals. A study was conducted for a period of 3 years at Veterinary College, Bidar from
2007 to 2010 to record the incidence of mastitis in different species of animals. Cases presented
to the teaching veterinary hospital were included in the study. A total of 82 new cases were
recorded as clinical mastitis after doing physical, clinical and laboratory examination. Milk
samples were invariably subjected for white side test, mastrip milk strip indicator test and
electrical conductivity. Animals were categorized into 3 groups viz., 3-5 year (group I), > 5 to 8
years (group II) and > 8 years (group III). Incidence of 45.12 % was recorded in group II
compared to 37.80 % & 19.51 % in group I & III respectively and the difference was significant.
Incidence of 43.90 % during rainy season (June to September), 40.24 % during winter season
(October to January) and 18.29 % during summer (February to May) season was recorded.
There appears no significant difference between rainy and winter season however in summer
season difference was significant. Species wise cow and buffaloes are equally affected with the
incidence of 42.68 % compared with 21.95 % incidence in caprines. Thus from the study it is
concluded that middle aged, lactating animals at their peak production during winter and rainy
season are at highest risk of getting affected with mastitis.
2.73 EFFICACY OF VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM (PARENTERAL SUPPLEMENTATION) IN
DRY COWS IN PREVENTING UDDER INFECTION AFTER CALVING
Mrinalee Devi, and Jyoti B Dutta
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine
College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University
Khanapara campus, Guwahati – 781 022, Assam
A study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of vitamin E and selenium (parenteral
supplementation) in dry cows in preventing udder infection after calving. The study was carried
out on the Instructional Livestock Farm, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara (organized)
and on the 17 private dairy units (unorganized) located on the hillock nearby the Khanapara
campus of Assam Agricultural University.
A total of 30 cows (6 cows from organized and 24 from unorganized farms) with high
somatic cell count (SCC) were treated with E-CARE Se injection (Vetcare, Bangalore) on the day
of drying off. Somatic cell count was carried out before the trial and 7th day of calving. Among
the 113 quarters from 30 cows, the SCC declined to threshold limit after therapy in 93 quarters
(82.30%), (20 quarters from organized and 73 quarters from unorganized farms). In the
remaining 20 quarters (17.70%) the SCC was above the threshold limit. In the organized farm
though the decrease of SCC was not significant after therapy, the mean SCC was within the
threshold limit. On the other hand on the unorganized farms, the SCC was significantly reduced
after therapy, but it did not fall within the threshold limit of <5,00,000 cells/ml of milk.
36
2.74 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF CLOSANTEL AGAINST NASAL BOT FLY INFESTATION
IN A NON-DESCRIPT GOAT
S.U.Digraskar, M.P.Sakhare, V.D.Muley, B.W.Narladkar, P.B.Hase, Zaker Ali, S.V.Lokhande and
Karale A.D
A two year old non-descript female goat was refereed to Department of Veterinary
Medicine with a complaint of inappetance, restlessness, sneezing, diarrhoea and shaking of
head. Anamnesis revealed kidding about 15 days back, birth to triplet kids, unhygienic rearing
practices and annoyance of flies. Clinical examination revealed increased rectal temperature
(1020F), tachypnoea (34/min), tachycardia (78/min) and pale mucus membrane. The goat was
dull, depressed and with reduced feed and water intake. During clinical examination, the doe
exhibited sneezing and two larvae (maggots) fallen on ground which were having dark
transverse bands on the dorsal aspect indicating typical characters of Oestrus ovis. The clinical
manifestations of head shaking, pressing nose against wall, rhinitis, mucoid nasal discharge and
morphological characteristics of parasitic maggots confirmed infestation of Oestrus ovis larvae.
The doe was then subjected to injectable preparation Closantel @ 7.5 mg/kg b.wt. single dose
along with appropriate supportive therapy of intravenous fluids, parentral iron,anti-inflammatory
and antihistaminic preparation. Marked clinical recovery was noticed on 3rd day after Closantel
therapy.
2.75 GANGRENOUS MASTITIS IN A GOAT: A CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, E.Venkatesakumar, K.Jayakumar, G.Vijayakumar, P.Suresh and
M.Subramanian
Department of Clinics, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637 001
A four year old female Jamunapari goat kidded 3 days back was presented to the Small
Ruminant Medicine unit of Veterinary College and Research Institute Teaching Hospital,
Namakkal with a history of anorexia, swelling of the udder and abnormalities in the milk for three
days. Clinical examination of the patient revealed mild pyrexia, slightly increased heart rate and
normal respiration rate. Udder examination revealed that the mammary glands were bluishgreen, painful swelling, cold on touch with a clear line of affected tissue and milk containing
blood and pus. Haematological examination was unrewarding except mild leucocytosis. Milk
samples were collected aseptically and sent for microbial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test
that revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus with sensitivity to Enrofloxacin and
Ampicillin. The patient was treated with Injection of Enrofloxacin, Meloxicam, Vit-C, Vit-A, Vit-E
with Selenium and intravenous fluids. Necrotic tissues on the teats were removed and irrigated
with acriflavin lotion. There was an appreciable improvement in the clinical case with the
evidence of formation of granulation tissue and commencement of wound healing over the
gangrenous portion of the mammary glands within seven days and the details of the case are
presented and discussed.
37
NON -INFECTIOUS
DISEASES OF FARM
ANIMALS
3.1 EFFECT OF LACTATIONAL STATUS ON TRACE ELEMENT PROFILE OF VRINDAVANI
COWS
R.K. Jadhav, A.A. Dar, M.C. Sharma and Pankaj Kumar
Division of Medicine, IVRI Izatnagar, Bareilly – 243 122, UP
Mineral status in blood of the cattle’s varies with age, lactation, gestation, etc., depending
on its utilization and mobilization. A study was carried out to explore the changes, if any, in the
concentration of blood trace element among Vrindavani cattle in different lactations. Study group
comprised of thirty five (35) randomly selected Vrindavani cattle and divided into five equal
groups (n=7) in different lactations for evaluating trace element status of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn)
and Iron (Fe). Cows in first and second lactation were placed in group I, cows in third and fourth
lactation in group II, cows in fifth and sixth lactation in group III, cows in seventh and eighth
lactation in group IV and dry cows were assigned to group V. Blood Cu level varied between
0.62±0.05 to 1.08±0.06 μg/ml with significant difference in values among group II and V. No
significant differences in blood zinc level amongst cattle groups of different lactation were
observed. In general lower blood values of these minerals were observed in lactating cattle
compared to those in dry cattle, which might be attributed to drain of minerals in milk to meet the
requirement of milk production.
3.2 RUMEN ACIDOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS AND ITS CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
D.M. Makhdoomi, N.A. Tufani and A. Hafiz
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (SKUAST-K)
Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar-190006 (J&K)
Forty two small ruminants, 26 (61.90%) sheep and 16 (38.10%) goats were treated for
rumen acidosis. 19 (45.24%), 12 (28.57%), 6 (14.29%) and 5 (11.90%) animals had eaten apple,
cooked rice (wazwan left over) turnip and chapatti respectively and manifested clinical form of
ruminal acidosis with, 2.86%; n=18 as mild (Rumen fluid PH=6.32 ±0.09316) 38.09%; n= 16
moderate (Rumen fluid 5.71 ±0.074) and 19.05%; n=8 (Rumen fluid PH=4.54 ±0.159) as
severe ruminal acidosis and accordingly they were classified as group-I, II and III, respectively. In
group-I rumen motility was reduced (1.67±0.162) and it was almost absent in group-III (0.13
±0.125). The average rectal temperature recorded to be 102.58 ±0.166, 101.26 ±0.188 and
100.83 ±1.061 in group-I, II and III respectively. There was a significant increase heart rate to
95.17 ±2.576, 127.75±2.032 and 133.75 ±5.028 in groups I, II and III, respectively. There was
significant increase in respirations in mild (27.61 ±0.964), moderate (35.06 ±1.521) and severe
(38.13 ±2.207) groups. A significant increase in blood glucose level 67.89 ±1.078, 83.25 ±0.951
and 92.88 ±1.217 was recorded in three groups respectively. The significant increase in Hb, PCV
and TEC in mild, moderate and severe acidotic animals was also observed. Therapeutic
measures consisted of neutralization of acidity by oral and parenteral use of isotonic (1.3%) and
hypertonic (5%) sodium bicarbonate with adequate fluid therapy to correct the acidosis,
dehydration and to restore renal function in severe cases of rumen acidosis. Oral and parenteral
use of isotonic (1.3%) sodium bicarbonate was given to moderate rumen acidosis. Oral sodium
bicarbonate 20 g stat followed by 5 g bid for 3 days, rumenotoric drug (bolus Rumentas) and a
course of antihistaminic drug was also given to group I and II animals. Moreover, animals of
group II and III were also offered intravenous injection of high dose vitamin B1 injections. Gastric
lavage and cud transplantation following rumenotomy was done in animals of group-III. All
animals except two (one each from group-II and III) recovered completely. Accordingly, these
therapeutic measures can be employed for mild, moderate and severe cases of ruminal acidosis
with an etiology of eating apple, left over of wazwan and chapattis.
38
3.3 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ACIDIC INDIGESTION IN NONDESCRIPT CATTLE
P.V.Sonone, J.U.Patil, V.E.Mahajan,G.N.Bhangale, Deepti gupta,A.S.Pathan, Mohd
Tarique,A.S.Shalini.
A 4-5 years old cattle was presented to the Jalgaon dispensary with history of ingestion of
rice from ceremonial place. After clinical examination it was revealed complete atony in ruminal
motility, rumen distention, temp 980 F, anorexia since 1 day, and signs of dyspnoea are seen. It
was treated with Inj Avil 10 ml I/M, Dextrose 5% 2 lit I/V, Inj Sodium bicarbonate 20 ml I/V and
cattle recovered after 10 hours of treatment.
3.4 THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON DOWNER COW SYNDROME
V. Vaikunta Rao, K. Nalini Kumari and Ch. Srilatha
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex
College of Veterinary Science, TIRUPATI
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University
Sixteen alert downer cows included in the study were brought to department of Teaching
Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati for treatment. The downer
cows were subjected to clinical examination, haematology, serum bio-chemical profile and
echocardiographic examination. The criteria for selection into the therapeutic trials was the
downer cows free from fracture and dislocation. Total 16 cases of alert downer cows were
divided into two equal groups. Downer cows of group-I were subjected to Danish aqua lift
(stainless steel water flotation tank) daily six hours for five days and group-II were allotted to
power cow cradle daily six hours for five days. In addition, all the alert downer cows received
intravenous injection of Neuroxin-M vet 10 ml once daily for five days. Therapeutic efficacy was
determined by comparative assessment of clinical improvement and serum bio-chemical profile
between downer cows of two treatment groups. The results obtained will be presented.
3.5 EFFICACY OF AN AREA SPECIFIC MINERAL MIXTURE ON THE MILK YIELD, BODY
WEIGHT AND HORMONAL PROFILE OF CATTLE OF THE STATE OF TRIPURA
Gunjan Das, M. C. Sharma & Chinmay Joshi
Izatnagar – Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
A study was conducted to record the mineral status in soil, fodder and serum from four
districts of Tripura state viz., West, South, North and Dhalai Tripura. The present study indicates
that there is a significant deficiency of P, Zn, and Cu in the soil, fodder, serum (Cattle) of Tripura
state. Significantly (P<0.05) low values of serum T3 of cattle were observed in all the districts. In
case of serum T4 values of cattle, all the districts recorded significantly (P<0.05) low values of
serum. A mineral mixture was prepared according to the deficiency obtained. Therapeutic trial
was conducted on some cattle in local and Govt. dairy farm for 90 days. It was observed that
significant improvement was observed in hormonal status of the deficient animals. Effect of
newly formulated mineral mixture on milk yield and body weight gain showed significant
improvement in milk yield and body weight gain of the deficient groups of animals on 60 and 90
days of treatment. Hence, it was envisaged that mineral supplements should be provided to the
deficient animals for their better health and milk production and improvement of body weight.
Key words: Area specific mineral mixture, T3, T4, Milk yield, body weight, Cattle
39
3.6 SOME EPIDEMIOLOGY ASPECT OF DOWNER SYNDROME IN DAIRY CATTLE
Patel, P. R. and Patel, B. R.
A study on the epidemiological information of downer cow (DCS) syndrome among cattle
was carried out through the Amul dairy emergency veterinary visits in the different villages, at
private farms and around Anand town. Some of the epidemiological information was recorded in
performa at the time of visit at farmers’ doorstep. A total 2,242 were at risk of DCS, of which 48
cows (2.14%) were showing definitive signs of downer syndrome. Out of 48 downer cows, 41
cases (85.4%) were alert downers and 7 cases (14.6%) were non alert downers. Breed wise
incidences of DCS were: Jersey crossbred 25 (52.0%) cases, Holstein Friesian crossbred 15
(31.2%), pure Holstein Friesian 5 (10.4%), non-descript 2 (4.2 %) and pure Jersey 1 (2.0%). The
milk production wise susceptibility for DCS were: high milk producers 23 (48%) cases, average
milk producers 22 (46%) and low milk producers 3 (6%). Number of lactation wise incidences
were highest in third and fourth lactation - 22 (46.2%) cases, followed by second lactation - 10
(20.7%), first lactation - 9 (18.5%), sixth lactation - 5 (10.5%) and fifth lactation - 2 (4.1%) cases.
DCS cases were more in pakka house (28 cases, 58.3%) then kaccha house (20 cases, 41.7%).
DCS cases were more in fair hygienic condition (25 cases, 52.0%) then fair hygienic condition
(20 cases, 48.07%).
3.7 INCIDENCE OF CAPRINE ANEMIA IN AND AROUND PARBHANI TOWN OF
MARATHWADA
Bhagure R.C. and Rajguru D.N.
College of veterinary and Animal Sciences ,MAFSU ,Parbhani (M.S.)
The incidence and different management factors responsible for occurrence of anemia
and low economic productivity in goats were studied.The goats presented for treatment at
Veterinary Polyclinic ,college goat farm ,and goateries in and around Parbhani town were
included during this study.Over all incidence of 19.23%of anaemia was recorded in a total of 260
goats examined based on clinical signs and symptoms.Breed wise examination of 120
nondescript goats ,78 Osmanabadi and 20 Beetal crossbred was done,of these ,20(20.83%) Non
descript ,22 (25.78%) Osmanabadi and 3(15%)Beetal crosses were confirmed positive for
anemic state.Age wise ,highest incidence was recorded in 6to12 months(29.53%) followed by
13to18 months (26.92%),0to 6months(22.22%),19to 24 months(18.27% )and lowest (8.06%)in
above 24months goats.The highest incidence of anemia due to endoparasites (Haemanchus
Spp.,Strongylus Spp. and Trichuris Spp.) i.e. 22.22% was recorded in 0to6 month age group and
lowest (6.45%) in 19 to 24 month age group.The observations were based on fecal sample
examinations.Highest incidence (6.81%) of nutritional deficiency anemia was seen in 6 to 12 age
group.They have history of in adequate non-succulent pasture feeding and negligible
concentrate and mineral mixture feed supplements feeding.
3.8 CAPRINE ANEMIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOME HAEMATINIC
PREPARATIONS
Bhagure R.C., Rajguru D.N.
College of veterinary and Animal Sciences, MAFSU, Parbhani (M.S.)
The study was undertaken at Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine,Preventive
Medicine and Jurisprudence ,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences ,M.A.F.SU.,Parbhani
(M.S.) Eighteen goats in anemic condition were divided in to Three Groups I, Group II and
Group III of Six Goats in each group. The efficacy of some haematinic drugs of three different
systems of Medicine viz. Inj.Jectofer (Allopathic drug) containing Iron Sorbital and Ctric acid
40
Complex @200mg/25Kg goat /week intra muscular, Limiron Granules (Herbal drug) @8gms
daily Oral dose for 15 days and Ferrum Metallicum -6x iron preparation (Homeopathic drug) @15
tablets daily Oral dose for 21 days were given in treatment for Goat Group I,II and III respectively
.Group I and II Anemic goats were dewormed Oral dose Albendazole @ 7.5mg/kg b.wt.
(Minthal Bolus) and topically 0.02 %Deltamethirin (Butox) was applied to control ectoparasitic
burden. After the treatment, all goats regained their clinico-haematological profile within the
physiological normal limit. All the Three drugs proved efficacious and economically beneficial
withot any side effect with early recovery. All drugs possesses equal and similar efficacy in
curing anemic state in treatment Group I followed by II and III respectively within a short time of
21>15>15 days.
3.9 AN OUTBREAK OF „PARAKERATOSIS‟ IN A PIGGERY UNIT
K. Nalini Kumari, Ashwin Jayarajan, JV. Ramana, PRS Murthy, Karthikeyan and B. Sridevi
Dept of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science,
Tirupati -517502; Andhra Pradesh.
In a piggery unit with four adults, 29 growing pigs, and 18 piglets attached to Dept of LPT
of College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, fifteen 5 to 6 month old growing pigs and nine piglets
were reported to have developed extensive dry skin lesions with in a week. The lesions included
macules, papules, crusted papules, scales, and crusts with fissures and cracks. The animals had
little itching and poor weight gains. Based on negative skin scrapings, tape impression smears,
plasma zinc levels (4.3 ppm) and zinc levels of feed (12.95 mg/kg) estimated by atomic
absorption spectrophotometer, the condition was diagnosed as parakeratosis. Zinc sulphate
added to the diet of pigs at 200 mg/kg of feed could initiate improvement in the lesions in all pigs
with in a week’s period. Zinc sulphate was continued to be given along with the feed. Details of
the condition and the pattern of improvement will be discussed.
3.10 STATUS OF MACRO-MINERALS IN SOIL, FODDER AND SERUM OF COW HERD IN
SALINE TRACT AREA OF AKOLA DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA STATE
S.P. Waghmare, D.B. Sarode, A.Y. Kolte, N.P. Dakshinkar,
S.G. Mode, S.Z. Ali, R.N. Dhore, V.P. Pathak and S.H. Vyavahare
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Akola-444 104 (M.S.)
(MAFSU, Nagpur)
The present study was conducted in seven saline affected villages of Purna river valley of
Akola to study the mineral status in soil, fodder and cows. Total 104 soils, 71 fodders and 360
serum samples of lactating, pregnant, non-pregnant cows and heifers were collected from the
aforesaid area. The overall mean concentration (%) of soil Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were 0.715 ±
0.05, 0.223 ± 0.008, 0.191 ± 0.008, 0.039 ± 0.004 and 0.031 ± 0.004, respectively. No
prevalence of deficiency of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K was observed in soil of this area.
The overall mean concentration of Ca (%), P (%) and Mg (%) in fodder were 0.467 ±
0.061, 0.199 ± 0.021 and 0.204 ± 0.041, respectively. The overall prevalence of deficiency of Ca,
P and Mg in fodder was 12.68%, 12.68%, 15.49% respectively.
The serum Ca and P was found to be significantly low in lactating cows as compared to
pregnant, non-pregnant cows and heifers. The serum Mg level found to be significantly low in
pregnant cows than lactating, non-pregnant cows and heifers. The overall prevalence (%) of
deficiency of Ca and P was 9.70% and 4.72%, respectively in cows of saline tract area. No
prevalence of serum Mg, Na, K and Cl deficiency was observed in cows.
41
3.11 A NOTE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUMEN LIQUOR IN HEALTHY GOATS
Chetan Kumar G K
A total of 25 samples collected from apparently healthy goats of both sex and aged about
2 – 3 years which were present in and around areas of Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi,
Doddaballapura Taluk Bangalore rural district. Immediately after collection, samples were
analyzed for its colour, consistency, odour, pH and protozoal concentration and motility. The
rumen fluid was green to greenish brown in colour, semi liquid in consistency with aromatic
odour and the average pH of rumen liquor was 6.880 ± 0.16. Microscopically the protozoal
concentration was varied from moderate to high and motility was varied from moderate to
vigorous.
3.12 BOVINE LYMPHOSARCOMA IN A BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS)
N. Chand , S. Deshmukh, H.S. Banga, and K. Dua
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ethics and Jurisprudence
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University,
Ludhiana-141001. Punjab
A five year old buffalo was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the Institute
with the history of reduced appetite, progressive weakness and inactivity since last one month.
Animal also had respiratory distress from few days. Clinical examination findings were normal
temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, reduced ruminal motility, congested mucus membrane
and markedly enlarged multiple lymph nodes. Hematological examination revealed anemia,
severe leucocytosis with lymphocytosis. Immature lymphocytes were also observed in the
peripheral blood smear. Radiographic examination of the chest revealed marked interstitial lung
pattern. Fine needle aspirates were taken from the enlarged lymph nodes and send to diagnostic
laboratory for cytological examination. Fine needle aspirate smear from enlarged lymphnodes
revealed scattered population of individual and immature lymphoid cells with distinct border
characterized by moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and having basophilic cytoplasm of
variable intensity. The nuclei of cell revealed granular appearance. Few cells were in the
process of binucleation.
3.13 HEMATO- BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETER STUDIES ON BURMESE 1 PIGS OF MIZORAM
K. Sarma, B. Konwar, M. A. Ali, G. Das, G. Kalita, F.A. Ahmed, B. Saikia, H. Bayan and V.
Nayan
College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry
Central Agriculatural Universiyu
Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram
A total of 100 Burmese pigs of either sex, different ages, functional classes and reared at
different farmsf in Aizawl district were investigated for the hematological and biochemical
parameters. The mean serum glucose (mg/dl) level ranged from 155.10 ± 6.07 to 214.27 ± 4.22.
The values obtained for serum cholesterol (mg/dl), serum albumin (g/dl), serum total protein
(g/dl), serum urea nitrogen (mg/dl) and serum bilirubin (mg/dl) ranged between 109.68±1.23 to
114.72±1.89, 3.05±0.17 to 3.46 ±0.11, 6.36±0.19 to 7.01±0.16, 23.37±1.01 to 26.96±1.11 and
0.06±0.02 to 0.102±0.01 respectively. The mean ± SE values of serum transaminases viz. AST
and ALT were found to increase with age. The mean values for different hematological
parameters viz. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte
Count (TLC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) ranged from 30.68±0.50 to 48.78±0.76 %; 5.32±0.10 to
6.83±0.12 m/mm3; 8.20± 0.22 to 18.60± 0.61m/mm3 and 9.99±0.20 to 13.12±0.10 %. The MCV
42
(fl), MCH (pg) and MCHC (g/dl) ranged from 56.06 ± 1.00 to 60.35±0.51, 14.70±0.19 to
16.56±0.52 and 31.15±0.70 to 35.05±0.60 respectively. The neutrophil(%), lymphocytes(%) ,
monocytes(%) , basophil(%) and eosinophil(%) ranged from 28.92±0.35 to 58.36±0.56,
28.60±0.57 to 59.24±0.40, 8.48±0.26 to 12.88±0.16, 1.44±0.15 to 1.60±0.17 and 1.48±0.18
to1.92±0.17 respectively. The Hb, TEC, PCV, TLC, MCHC increased with the age of the pigs.
The study indicating hematological and serum biochemical values was an attempt to derive a
baseline information for clinicians and scientists to interpret conditions of nutritional deficiency,
altered physiology and diseased state.
3.14 HYDROTHORAX DUE TO HYPOPROTEINEMIA IN A CROSSBRED HEIFER
R.S. Singh, N. Chand and Ashwani Kumar
Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex,
Clinical Veterinary Medicine E. and J.
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
A crossbred heifer aged two year was presented to the Teaching Veterinary hospital of
GADVASU with the history of edema over the ventral abdomen, brisket and lower jaw since last
7 days. Animal was active, bright in appearance and had almost normal appetite. Clinical
examination revealed normal temperature, slightly pale mucus membrane, tachycardia and
tachypnea. Hemato-biochemical findings were anemia, normal leucocyte count with relative
neutrophilia, normal AST, hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Blood smear and faeces were
negative for hemoprotozoa and ova/cyst respectively. Thoracocentesis revealed large amount of
clear transudate from the thoracic cavity. X-ray and ultrasonographic examination of the chest
revealed ground glass appearance and lot of free fluid in pleural space and around heart.
Cytological examination of pleural fluid was negative for any inflammatory cells/bacteria.
Electrocardiographic examination revealed low voltage QRS complex. Based on above
investigations the animal was diagnosed to have hydrothorax due to hypoproteinemia. The
animal was treated with diuretic, hematinics along with high protein diet. After 7 days of
treatment animal showed marked recovery.
3.15 TREATMENT OF HYPOCALCAEMIA (MILK FEVER) IN A SURTI BUFFALO - A CASE
REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, K.H. Parmar and S.M. Parmar
Anand Agricultural University, Anand- 388 001
A recently calved multiparous Surti buffalo (calving before 2 days) under field condition
became recumbent. The owner claimed that his buffalo was normal at calving, but after two days
of calving, the animal exhibited signs of dullness, weakness, lost weight bearing capacity and
became sternal recumbent. The history revealed that the buffalo was high producing and
moreover balanced feeding of the animal was not practiced during the last trimester of
pregnancy. Clinical examination revealed animal in sternal recumbency, with head twisted
towards the rear portion of the body. The other important signs were dry muzzle, cold
extremities, ruminal atony and subnormal rectal temperature (99.4ºF). As per the history of
recent calving and above mentioned clinical signs, the condition was diagnosed as
Hypocalcemia/Milk Fever. Treatment of the animal included IV injection of 450 ml Mifex
(Novartis, India Ltd.), IV injection of 1000 ml Dextrose 25% and IM injection of 15 ml Avil
(Intervet, India Ltd.). The treatment response was excellent with improvement of the animal
within one hour of treatment and after two hours, the animal exhibited standing posture. On next
day, SC injection of 15 ml Cobacal and IM injection of 15 ml Avil were given as follow up. In
43
conclusion, good diagnosis and proper medical therapy is useful in treatment and management
of bovine Hypocalcaemia/Milk fever.
3.16 EVALUATION OF TOXIC EFFECT OF FLUORIDE ON COLLAGEN PROTEIN AND
EXPRESSION OF COL1A1 GENE IN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF RATS
Gupta A.R., Dey S., Swarup D. and Saini M.
The present study was aimed to ascertain the toxic effect of fluoride on collagen
metabolism. Rats (n=24) were divided into two groups. Rats of Gr I served as control and
received only tap water and those of Gr II received NaF @ 200 mg/l of drinking water ad lib for a
period of 90 days. On day 90 of the experiment, fluoride exposed rats showed significantly higher
concentrations of fluoride in plasma, bone, urine and faeces. The concentration of hydroxyproline
in urine of fluoride exposed rats was increased by 54.75% over healthy control rats. However,
the concentration of hydroxyproline in skeletal muscles of fluoride exposed rats (452.10±22.54
µg/gm) decreased significantly as compared to healthy control rats (817.51±32.06 µg/gm). Acid,
pepsin and total soluble collagen concentrations of skeletal muscles were increased significantly
(P≤0.05) in fluoride exposed rats (10.42±0.57, 70.33±2.37 and 80.75±1.93 µg/mg) as compared
to healthy control rats (6.48±0.38, 41.99±1.25 and 48.48±0.96 µg/mg respectively). The
expression level of type 1 collagen (COL1A1) gene in the fluoride intoxicated rats decreased by
54% as compared to the healthy control rats. In conclusion the study found that fluoride
intoxication leads to increase degradation and solubility of the collagen protein along with downregulation of the expression of the type 1 collagen (COL1A1) gene in skeletal muscles of rats.
3.17 MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE LANTANA POISONING IN A FLOCK OF GOATS
R.K.Bhardwaj, M.S.Bhadwal and S.K.Gupta
In a flock of 49 beetal goats, Owner came with history of fever, anorexia, dullness,
depression and deep yellow colored urine. Clinical examination revealed pyerxia (105-106 F),
icteric conjunctiva, rectal and vulvar mucous membranes and lesions on buccal mucosa and lips.
Out of toal of eight affected goats and three goats died. At necropsy, the animals were severely
icteric, dehydrated and constipated, with hepatosis, distention of the gall-bladder and nephrosis,
but no skin lesions. Blood samples were collected from 5 affected goats revealed
hyperbilirubinemia, increased conjuncated bilirubin, AST, SDH, ALP, BUN and creatinine. All the
affected goats were treated with Dextrose (10%) & DNS @ 500 + 500 ml /goat/day, Ampicillin @
20 mg/kg b.wt bid IV for 5-days and liver extract (Belamyl -3ml) I/M, Teferoli-Vet @ 15ml orally to
each goat for 7-days. All animal showed great improvement in terms of regaining appetite and
discoloration of urine to yellow color. The absence of photosensitization may be attributed to
relatively mild liver damage, or the rapid course of this toxicosis.
3.18 HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN IPOMOEA TOXICITY IN GOATS OF KANDI
AREA OF JAMMU
R.K.Bhardwaj, N.K.Pankaj and R.Singh
During a drought period in the month of June, a farmer with a flock of 36 Jamunapari and
beetal crossbred goats came with history of ingestion of Ipomoea fistulosa (Aak), dullness,
depression and progressive weight loss and death of 5 goats. Clinical examination of affected
goats revealed body temperature (103.5-104.5° F), pallor conjunctiva mucous membranes,
44
lethargy, ataxia, severe emaciation, and recumbency. Most diseased animals showed
depression, emaciation, generalized weakness, and neurological impairment, characterized by
symmetrical ataxia, posterior paresis, propioceptive deficits, abnormal posture and postural
reaction (wide-based stance) and muscle hypertonia. At necropsy, generalized muscle atrophy
and pallor were observed. Blood samples were collected from 10 affected goats for hematology
and biochemical parameters. Affected goats showed decreased values of Hb, PCV and TLC
compare to normal healthy goats. Plasma of affected goats revealed increased level of AST,
LDH, ALP, Cholinesterase, TPP, BUN and creatinine.
3.19 EFFECT OF DRAUGHT ON MINERAL STATUS IN BUFFALO IN ARID REGION
Subhash Kachhawaha and Dheeraj Singh
Krishi Vighan Kendra, CAZRI, Pali-Marwar (Rajasthan)
In the present investigation the effect of draught in 325 buffaloes belonging to farmer’s
stock of western part of Rajasthan were screened through organize the health camp by KVK,
Pali-Marwar. The overall mean values of serum calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and
chloride were 6.89±0.17mg/dl, 4.58±0.12mg/dl, 2.61±0.03mg/dl, 82.45±2.43m mol/l, 4.43±0.04 m
mol/l and 65.12±0.78 m mol/l respectively and range were from 2.40-13.00mg/dl, 1.20-9.00
mg/dl, 1.80-3.52mg/dl, 16.66-170.00 m mol/l, 3.30-5.36 m mol/l and 32.94-125 m mol/l
respectively. A great deal of fluctuation was observed in the mineral profile in serum of buffalo
during draught. It was due to the fact that the degree of affection.
3.20 BRISKET EDEMA AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MEDICINAL
TREATMENT IN BOVINES
Mrunali Kamble, S. U. Raut, S. Noor Mohammad, B. N. Meshram and Priya Nagare
TVCSC, Nagpur Veterinary College,
MAFSU, Nagpur – 06.
Brisket edema occasionally observed in bovines due to various reasons. Four cases of
the same were presented in TVCSC, Parbhani. The case 1 had the anorexia, swelling over
brisket region and lameness in forelimbs since 4 days. Case 2 and 3 were had the complaints of
anorexia, brisket edema since 6 days and also it was increasing progressively. The case 4 was
presented with a complaint of anorexia, brisket edema since ten days where the swelling was
increased upto prepuce with difficulty in respiration. The clinical findings showed dull, depressed,
emaciated, lacrimated eyes with rise in body temperature upto105.20 F. The sticky brown
coloured exudate was recovered after parasentesis of the brisket region and the fluid was sent
for AST. The result of all cases were shown the Gram negative organism which was sensitive to
Ciprifloxacine +++, Enrofloxacin +++ and Gentamycine+++. All animal were treated with Inj.
Ciprofloxacin 400 ml intravenously thrice a day, Inj. Antihistamin 10 ml, Inj. Prednisolone 10 ml
and Inj. Redema 10 ml intramuscularly once in a day and also applied Diclofenac gel locally
twice in a day. The first three cases were shown uneventful recovery after 6 days with normal
feeding but the case no 4 was died.
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3.21 SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE OF CARBENDAZIM ALTERS BIOCHEMICAL AND
HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE GOATS
P. M Waghe, S. Rampal and S.P.S Saini
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Ludhiana-141004
The present investigation reports the effect of repeated administration of carbendazim on
the biochemical and haematological parameters of male goats. Carbendazim administered orally
@ 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 consecutive days resulted in increased plasma
concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase,
gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatinine and albumin, whereas alkaline phosphatase and
glucose levels were decreased. Treatment with carbendazim induced a mild stress leucogram
with decreases in total leucocyte and neutrophil counts and increase in lymphocyte count. The
findings of the present investigation indicate that subchronic exposure of carbendazim in male
goats causes mild levels of immune, liver and kidney dysfunctions. Further studies are needed to
evaluate the tissue residue levels of this commonly used pesticide, keeping in mind the fact that
goat is an important food animal for humans.
Key words: Carbendazim, Subchronic, Male Goats.
3.22 SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE OF CARBENDAZIM ADMINISTRATION ON ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS IN MALE GOATS
P. M Waghe, Rajdeep Kaur, S. Rampal and S.P.S Saini
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Ludhiana-141004.
The present investigation reports the effect of repeated administration of carbendazim on
the antioxidant status of male goats. Carbendazim @ 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 90
consecutive days, resulted in a significant increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation, which was
further substantiated by a marked decrease in blood glutathione levels. Carbendazim treatment
also significantly decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. glutathione peroxidise and
catalase, but in contrast there was an increase in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione-Stransferase activity. The findings of the present investigation indicate that subchronic exposure of
carbendazim in male goats alters their antioxidant status.
Key words: Carbendazim, Oxidative Stress, Subchronic, Goats
3.23 EFFECT OF SUB ACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS ON PRODUCTION, RUMINAL AND
CLINICAL SCORES IN DAIRY ANIMALS OF R S PURA, JAMMU
Amjad Ul Islam, Kafil Hussain and S K Gupta
Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Jurisprudence Faculty of Veterinary Science &
Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences
and Technology of
Jammu (J&K) ,R S Pura, Jammu-181102
Research was conducted to determine the effects of sub acute ruminal acidosis (SARA)
on production, ruminal and clinical scores in dairy animals in and around R.S Pura. Nineteen
cows having ruminal pH of ≤ 5.5 were studied for production, ruminal and clinical scores. All
individuals in the study had been scored for body condition at time of ruminocentesis in order to
obtain information on a possible change of ruminal and clinical scores. The scores used in the
46
study concerning locomotion was made, showed mostly score 2 (mildly lame). The scoring of
faeces and rumen parameters as faeces consistency, undigested faecal fraction score, rumen fill
or rumen motility was studied in the animals. Correlations of ruminal pH were found with body
condition score (BCS) and change of BCS, rumen scores, rumen fluid scores, milk fat %.The
correlation of milk fat percentage with ruminal pH proved to be significant statistically. The
average milk yield of the animals were of 10.36 (SE±0.60) kg/ day. The milk fat% of the animals
showed an average of 3.02±0.04.
3.24 CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF DOWNER COW SYNDROME
Patel, Bhavika. R., Patel, P. R. and Nauriyal, D.S.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H.
Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat.
Downer syndrome in cows is associated with a number of etiological factors. Prolonged
recumbency may lead to dysfunction of the support organs like muscles and nerves of the
affected cows. Thus even after correction of the primary causes, there appears a low probability
of recovery of the downer cows. A study on clinico-therapeutic aspect of downer cows was
undertaken on forty-eight downer cows, which included 41 alert downers, and 7 non-alert downer
cows. Limb dysfunction like knuckling of fetlock, abduction of hind limbs, abduction of fore
quarters, hip dislocation were observed in 9 (18.8%) downer cows. Combined parenteral therapy
consisting of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium along with nervine stimulant was institued.
Physical management including frequent change of side, massage of limbs and slinging the
animals was also undertaken. Employing these measures success could be obtained in twenty
five (52%) downer cows.
3.25 CLINICO- HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND ENZYME PROFILE OF COWS AFFECTED
WITH DOWNER COW SYNDROME
Patel, Bhavika. R.,Nauriyal, D.S. and Patel, P. R.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H.
Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat.
Downer cow syndrome, an ancient metabolic disorder, is characterized by the inability of
cow to stand voluntarily from recumbency. It is generally associated with hypocalcaemia,
hypophosphataemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypokalaemia, toxaemia, septicaemia and injuries to
muscles and nerves. An investigation was undertaken on 48 downer cows to study
haematological changes as well as enzyme profile in downer cows. Haematological investigation
revealed significantly decreased Hb, PVC, TEC and MCHC and significantly increased MCV
value. The leukocytic pattern showed significantly increased neutrophils and decreased
lymphocytes in recumbent downer cows. Biochemically, the affected cows had hyperglycaemia
with elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration. Enzyme profile revealed
significantly increased aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine
phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase.
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3.26 MANAGEMENT OF POSTPARTUM UDDER EDEMA IN A NONDESCRIPT COW-A CASE
REPORT
Korsapati Lakshmi, Ambica and D.S.Tirumala Rao
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad-500030, Andhra Pradesh.
Udder edema is a metabolic problem affecting cows during early lactation characterised
by accumulation of lymph like fluid in udder. A primiparous Non descript cow presented to the
campus veterinary hospital Rajendranagar with a chief complaint of swollen udder and teats,
slight reduction in the milk yield immediately after calving. History revealed normal feed intake
and alert. Clinically accumulation of fluid was uniform involving all the quarters extending upto
the hock region, back of udder towards vulva, upon palpation the udder was cool and pits on
pressure. Temperature, pulse, respiration, heart rate and haematological values were in normal
range .The milk samples collected were negative for mastitis. The animal was treated with
systemic Furosemide 10 ml intra venously daily for 2 days followed by intramuscularly along with
antihistaminics 10 ml i/m and liver extracts 10 ml i/m .Clinical recovery was seen after 4days.The
owner was adviced to give hot fomentation during the treatment and to withheld the milk for
48hrs after last treatment.
3.27 SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPOCALCAEMIA
CONCURRENT WITH LAMINITIS CROSSBRED COW: A CASE REPORT
Sawalkar R.S., M. Maheshkrishna, R.V. Suresh, A.P.Nambi
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007
A crossbred Jersey cow aged 8 years was presented to LAC, Medicine Unit of MVC,
Hospital with the history of unable to get up after 10 days of calving, inappetence, rumination
suspended, drastic reduction in milk yield and voiding small quantity of dung. Physical
examination revealed traumatic wound was present at ventral aspect of hoof of right hind limb.
Serum biochemistry low calcium (4.12mg/dL) and Phosphorous (2.11mg/dL). Hematology
revealed low hemoglobin level (7.9g/dL). The case was diagnosed as a hypocalcaemia
concurrent with laminitis. It was treated with Inj dextrose 20% one liter i/v for 7 days Inj. Calcium
borogluconate 250ml slow i/v for 3 days, tonophosphon 20ml i/v for 4 days, Inj. Tribivet 10ml i/v
for 6 days and bolus Minotas 5 gm p/o for 6 days. The condition of animal improved soon after
single dose of Calcium borogluconate. However animal again went to sternal recumbency from
5th days of admission but she made attempt to creep for feed and water. So animal was lifted
with sling and manual muscles massaged followed by dressing of wound and application of
sulphur ointment topically. On 10th day animal was able to walk without help of sling for few
distance.
3.28 MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY TOXEMIA IN DOES
Sawalkar R.S., R.V. Suresh, M. Maheshkrishna, A.P. Nambi
A total number of twenty one pregnant does aged 3 to 5 years were presented to Large
Animal Clinic, Medicine Unit of Madras Veterinary College Hospital with the history of anorexia
for the past 3 days. Clinical examination of these does revealed drowsiness, blindness,
suspended rumination, salivation, star gazing posture or cog wheel type of clonic contraction of
cervical muscles causing dorsiflexion of head. Tentatively cases were diagnosed as pregnancy
toxemia. Blood glucose of these cases were estimated by glucometer and the blood glucose
48
level ranged from 20 to 23mg/dL. Rothra’s test of urine sample revealed ketonuria. Does were
treated with inj. 5% Dextrose solution 500ml along wit Inj Vit B1, B6 and B12 5ml intravenously.
Glycerin were drenched orally. The effect of the treatment will discuss.
3.29 UREA POISONING IN CROSS BRED JERSEY COWS- A CASE REPORT
Raviprakash K and Bhoyar R
Veterinary Dispensary, Thimlapur,
Kudligi (TQ), Bellary (Dist) Karnataka
Urea is much better tolerated which mixed with the sufficient amount of other feeds.
About 2-5% of total can safely be used but large amounts are likely to produce poisoning. The
cross bred Jersey lactating cows were presented to Veterinary Dispensary, Thimlapur, Kudligi
(TQ), Bellary (Dist) with a history of accidental ingestion of urea fertilizer used for the agriculture
purpose. On clinical examination animals were showing symptoms like weakness, restlessness,
frothing at mouth and nose, grinding of teeth, abdominal pain, bloat and colic and also there was
marked change in pH (around 8) of ruminal fluid towards alkalinity was recorded. Based upon the
history of the accidental ingestion of urea, symptoms and alkaline pH of ruminal fluid, the animals
were diagnosed as urea poisoning. Accordingly, the bloat was relieved first by evacuating the
gas and then animals were treated with a 5 % acetic acid in 4 liters of cold water is administered
orally and as fluid therapy 5% Dextrose was administered, this has helped in overcoming the
urea toxicosis. The animals responded to the above treatment and recovered by fifth day.
3.30 PHOTOSENSITIVITY IN GOAT - A CASE REPORT
Sunita Choudhary, Upendra, H. A, Chetan Kumar. G. K., Ravindranath, B.M., and Anu Bagga
A doe of six months was presented in Dept. of TVCSC, Yelahanka, Bangalore with the
history of pruritus, scratching, rubbing, blistering and swelling of ear pinna. Animal was left for
graze outside. Clinical observation revealed erythema, dermatitis, fluid accumulation and
swelling under the skin (subcutaneous edema) and sloughing of skin on both the ear pinna.
Vulva was also swollen and edematous. Ears of goat were unpigmented with less amount of
hair. Based on clinical signs it was tentatively diagnosed as primary photosensitization.
Treatment started with Inj enrofloxacin @ 5mg/kg body weight I/M, Inj Chlorphineramine
maleate 1ml I/M and liver extract. Topical ointment was applied where sloughing off of skin was
present. Owner was advised to keep the goat in a shaded area until fully recovered and eliminate
the plant material on which animal was grazing. After second day of treatment swelling was
reduced. On fifth day no edematous swelling was present.
3.31 CLINICAL STUDIES ON RUMEN IMPACTION IN CATTLE IN AND AROUND JAMMU
A.K. Tripathi, J. S. Soodan, R. B. Kushwaha, Sharad Kumar
Division of Veterinary Clinic &Teaching Hospital
FVSc&AH, SKUAST-J, R.S. Pura, Jammu-181102
Thirty clinical cases of Rumen impactions were studied in cattle in and around Jammu
area during the last three years period (August 2007-July 2010). The majority of cases were
fibrous feed material, coarse grain, polythene bags, jute bags, metallic objects. Prominent clinical
signs noticed were, complete cessation of rumination, impacted rumen, atony, reduced rumen
motility, absence of stratification, hard pellet mucous coated dung, pale mucous membrane and
inappetance. Normocytic normochromic anaemia with increased BUN, hypoproteinemia,
hypoalbuminaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia and hypophosphataemia were noticed in
49
some of the clinical cases. The results suggest that the rumen impaction in cattle might be due to
scavenging on refuse dumps and that the blood biochemical changes, along with clinical signs,
might be of some diagnostic assistance. Therapeutic management includes exploratory
rumenotomy to evacuate the rumen followed by fluid and electrolyte therapy, broad spectrum
antibiotics, mineral oils, antihistaminics and rumenotorics. Cud transfer is found to be very much
beneficial in the restoration of normal rumen functions.
3.32 HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA IN A NON DESCRIPT DOE
Biju P.Habeeb, ,Rathish R.L and Alex P.C.
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine,
Mannuthy, Kerala.
A Two year old non descript Doe in its fifth month of second lactation was presented in
the Veterinary Ambulatory Clinic, Cherumkuzhy with a complaint of unsteady gait, weakness and
pica. Detailed examination revealed pale mucous membrane, pupil dilatation, temperature
102˚F, respiration 48 / minute, pulse 80/minute, rumen motility 2 / 3 minutes, presence of ticks,
abnormal placing of right hind limb on walking and no pain on palpation. Faecal sample and
blood smear results were negative for parasites. Urine was of normal colour. Haematology
revealed a decrease in erythrocytes (2.7x 10 6 /µL), platelets (195000/cumm), lymphocytes (12%)
and an increase in leucocytes (18500/cumm), neutrophils (88%), MCV (92.5fL) and MCH, (30
pg). Serum biochemistry revealed an elevation in total protein (9.3 g/dl), globulin (8 g/dl), and
CPK (59 U/L), a decrease in albumin (1.3 g/dl), phosphorus (2.4 mg/dl) and calcium (8.5 mg/dl).
Based on the above findings the case was diagnosed as hypophosphataemia. The animal was
treated with Inj. Alphos - 40 one ml I/M, Inj. XLplex 3 ml I/M on the first and third days. Since the
owner was not willing to bring the animal for follow up therapy, he was advised to give Orcal – P
granules orally along with standard ration. Animal recovered on the tenth day.
3.33 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF A NATURACEUTICAL COMBINATION FOR CALF
ENTERITIS
N. Munshi, M. Shaheen, R. Zaman and M.Ahmad
Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence,
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Kashmir,
Srinagar-190 006, India.
A therapeutic study, on enteritis in calves up to three months of age, was undertaken with
special reference to the efficacy of an unconventional, naturaceutical combination of probiotics
and anti-oxidants. Eighteen calves (n=18) with clinical diarrhea were divided randomly into three
groups of six animals each. The calves in groups I, II & III (n=6) were treated with a conventional
gut-acting aminoglycoside (Neomycin @ 10mg/kg BW), combination of Neomycin and Probiotics
(2.25 billion spores of L. sporogenes, L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae) and a new combination of
same probiotics and two antioxidants viz. Zinc Sulfate(200mg daily) and ascorbic acid(1gm daily)
respectively. A control group consisting of 6 healthy calves was included for comparing the
parameters under study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment fecal colony count was conducted in
each case besides a faecal examination to rule out GIT parasitism and intestinal protozoa.
Supportive therapy in the form of isotonic fluid rehydration (Normal Saline 0.85%) and oral
electrolytes were provided to all the three treatment groups irrespective of the severity of the
disease. In the treatment of calf enteritis, the percentage efficacy of a conventional combination
therapy of Neomycin and probiotics and a nonconventional combination of probiotics and
antioxidants was same (83.33%). A probiotic-antioxidant combination therapy due to its added
advantage of improvement in nonspecific resistance, non development of drug resistance and
50
avoidance of antibiotic drug residues in animal tissues was highly recommended in the treatment
of calf enteritis.
3.34 CLINICO-HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS AND POST MORTEM FINDINGS IN
BOVINE ABOMASAL ULCERATION
S A Hussain, S K Uppal and N K Sood
College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University,
Ludhiana -141001. Punjab
The study was conducted on ten (7 cattle and 3 buffaloes) clinical cases of abomasal
ulceration. Tentative diagnosis was established on positive faecal occult blood test basis and
confirmed on postmortem examination. Anorexia, depression, dark coloured to black faeces,
pale mucous membranes, moderate tachycardia, varying degrees of dehydration and reduced
rumen motility were the most pronounced clinical symptoms. Radiography and ultrasonography
of abdomen revealed no abnormality. The hematological alterations were increase in number of
neutrophils, reversal of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, moderate to marked left shift and varying
degrees of toxic changes in neutrophils. Leucopenia was observed in five, neutrophillic
leulocytosis in two and neutrophilia in three animals. Biochemical alterations were derranged
liver and kidney function tests, increased lactate; decreased fibrinogen ratio, calcium, potassium
and chloride levels, and increased rumen fluid concentration. Peritoneal fluid changes were
increased specific gravity and total protein, neutrophilia, presence of degenerated neutrophils,
presence of gut contents and bacteria. Differential cell counts of blood and peritoneal fluid were
better indicative of inflammation than total cell counts. On postmortem five animals had multiple
type II and type I ulcers, three had type III ulcers along with type II and type I ulcers while two
animals had type IV ulcers.
3.35 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF PHORATE TOXICITY IN CATTLES
Ratn Deep Singh and Mahesh Kumar Sharma
Veterinary Officer, U.P.A.H.D.
Division of Veterinary Medicine,
Izatnagar -243 122(UP)
Phorate is a highly toxic organophosphate pesticide commonly used in agricultural
practices to control insects, leafhoppers, leafminers, and rootworms. The major breakdown
products (oxygen analogue) of phorate in mammals are more toxic and have greater
anticholinesterase activity than phorate. Five non-descript cattles (2 ox, 2 heifer and 1 cow) were
presented to Govt. Veterinary Hospital, Sonbhadra, U.P., with signs of severe shivering, tremors,
muscle twiching, incordination, salivation, mild tympany and diarrhoea. History reveals that the
animals accidently grazed the potato leaves in field spread with phorate. Upon clinical
examination heart rate and respiration rate were within the normal range and temperature was
ranging between 100.00F to 102.50F. Atropinization therapy was immediately started with
atropine sulphate @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt. Its 1/3rd dose was given slow i/v along with 5% dextrose
and rest of dose was given s/c. Treatment was repeated initially at 4 hrs and then at 6 hrs till the
atropinization (dry mouth) was reached. Supportive therapy of corticosteroid, B-complexes and
herbal liver tonics were also given. Clinical improvement was noticed in all animals on 2nd day
with gradual disappearance of nervous signs. The present study suggested that atropinazation
therapy with the judicious use of fluid therapy and corticosteroids can manage organophosphate
toxicity in cattles without the use of oxime reactivators.
51
3.36 GOITRE IN PREMATURE KIDS DUE TO IODINE DEFICIENCY IN GOATS OF JAMMU
REGION
R.K.Bhardwaj, C.S.Randhawa, R.Ranjan and N.K.Sood
In a goat farm, report of kids born prematurely with an enlargement of thyroid gland and
death within 1-5 minutes was received. A total of 177 beetal and crossbred goats were serviced
in month of June & July. Kidding started in December, a total of 27 goat (22 beetal and 5
crossbred) goats delivered 42 kids (10 duplets) prematurely. Five beetal goats aborted. In total
32 goats aborted and delivered premature kids. There were 77 live kids, two kids have
enlargement of thyroid gland. Blood samples were collected from 10 goats delivered premature
kids and two live kids with goiter for thyroid profile, ALP, ALT, AST, LDH, TPP, Albumin, BUN,
Creatinine and hematological parameters viz. Hb and PCV estimation. Necropsy of premature
kids revealed enlarged thyroid glands, pale liver and no other abnormality. Thyroid glands, liver,
lungs, brain, testicles were collected for histopathology. Urine and milk samples from goats and
water samples from two sources of water were collected for iodine estimation.
Hematobiochemical parameters, histopathological findings and treatment will be discussed in the
presentation.
3.37 DIARRHOEA IN GOAT – A CASE REPORT
Mohd. Mohsinuddin, S.P.Waghmare, S.G. Mode, K.S. Pajai, A.M. Bodkhe, S.H. Vyavahare,
H.P. Korat, Dharmendra Chaudhary
Department of veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence,
Post Graduate Institute of veterinary and Animal Science, Akola-444 104 (MS)
Two male goat of about 3 year old was reported at Teaching Veterinary Clinical complex,
Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Science, Akola with the symptoms of diarrhoea.
The clinical findings revealed fever (1030 F), dehydration, blood in faeces with mucus,
conjunctival mucous membrane slight pale. The case was suspected for enteritis. Both the case
were treated with the antibiotics, antihistaminics, antidiarhoeal, antipyretics, haemtinics
preparation along with fluid therapy. Both the cases responded well to the treatment and
recovered completely on 5th day.
3.38 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE ENVENOMATION IN A NON DESCRIPT
BULLOCK
Mohd. Mohsinuddin, S.P.Waghmare, S.G. Mode, A.Y. Kolte, A.M. Bodkhe, S.H. Vyavahare,
H.J. Waghode and Imran Khan
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence,
Post Graduate Institute of veterinary and Animal Science, Akola, MS
A nine year old non descript bullock was reported at Teaching Veterinary Clinical
Complex, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Science, Akola with the history of
salivation, anorexia, shivering and difficulty in walking. Anamnesis revealed incidence of
snakebite during grazing. Clinical examination revealed dilated pupil, temp101.4 F, tachycardia
(78/min), tachypnoea (32/min). Clotting time was increased there was localized painful swelling
along with the fang mark on the posterior side of hoof region of the hind limb. On the basis of the
history and clinical observation, the case was diagnosed as snake envenomation. The
successful therapeutic management of bullock included administration of antivenin,
corticosteroid, antibiotics, neostigmine, fluids, stryptics and parenteral calcium preparation.
52
3.39 EVALUATION OF AGE RELATED CHANGES IN MICRO MINERAL PROFILE IN
GROWING MALE AND FEMALE VRINDAVANI CATTLE
Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo, Sarita Devi, Pankaj Kumar and M .C. Sharma
Division of Medicine
Izatnagar-243122
The present study was conducted to determine the variations if any, in concentration of
the micro minerals i.e. Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) in growing Vrindavani cattle with
respect to sex of the animal in different age groups. The study was carried out at Cattle and
Buffalo (C&B) farm of LPM section, IVRI, Izatnagar during the month of April to May 2010. The
animals were randomly divided in four groups (n=12) based on age [Group I (0-6 months), II (612 months), III (12-18 months) and IV (18-24 months)]. Each group were having equal number of
both male and female animals. Serum concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn was determined by atomic
absorption spectrophotometery (AAS, ECIL, Hyderabad). The results were compared between
and within groups. Cu concentration in the male and female animals of group І, ІІ and ІІІ showed
no significant (P≤0.05) variation but that of group ІV showed significant (P≤0.05) variation
implying different requirements by the male and female animals for the Cu during the growth of
the animal. Cu concentration in the female animals of group ІІІ and ІV and in the male animals of
the group І; ІV; ІІІ and ІV showed significant (P≤0.05) variation. This may be due to the increase
in micro mineral requirement with increasing age, required for developmental processes. Fe
concentration in the male and female animals of group І, ІІ, ІІІ and ІV shows no significant
variation. Fe concentration in the male animals of group І and ІІ, ІІ and ІV varied significantly
(P≤0.05). Similarly, Fe concentration in the female animals of group І and ІІ, ІІ and ІV vary
significantly. Fe concentration of young animals lowers initially with age as milk is poor source of
iron but comes to normal level as animals start taking feeds and fodders. Zn concentration in the
male and female animals of group І, ІІ, ІІІ and ІV shows no significant variation. Male animals of
group І, ІІІ and ІV varied significantly (P≤0.05) from those of group ІІ. Similarly, female animals of
group І, ІІІ and ІV varied significantly group ІІ. Generally requirements for micro minerals
increases with animal age during growing period but milk being poor source of micro minerals
(especially Cu and Fe) so initially serum micro mineral levels are low. These levels become
normal when animals are fed calf replacer, and followed by normal ration (Concentrate and
roughages and salt) which becomes then the source for these minerals to the animal.
3.40 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CALF
ENTERITIS
M. Shaheen, A. Muhee, and R. Zaman
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry,
SKUAST- K. Shuhama, Srinagar, Kashmir, India- 190 006
Probiotics when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. A
total of 30 diarrheic calves aged between 4 days to 2 months were included in this study. All the
animals were severely dehydrated and dysentery was observed in 14 of them. The
microbiological studies the revealed presence of Escherichia coli (22) Salmonella spp. (4)
Proteus spp (2) and Pseudomonas spp (2). The animals were divided in two groups of 15
animals each. The animals in group I had a mean pre-treatment fecal colony count (FCC) of
36.66 and were administered Lactobacillus Sporogenes (Lyophilized spores) @ 300 million
spores twice daily with water for 5 days. The animals in group II had a mean pre-treatment FCC
of 39.33 and were administered a suspension of Norfloxacin and Metronidazole @ 5ml twice
daily for 5 days. In Group I 80% animals recovered with mean post-treatment FCC of 18.66
53
while as in group II 86% animals recovered after treatment with the mean post treatment FCC of
20.00. Lactobacillus Sporogenes can be effectively used in the treatment of clinical calf enteritis
@ 300 million spores twice daily for 5 days.
3.41 CYTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND THERAPY OF PERITONITIS IN CATTLE AND
BUFFALOES
S A Hussain, S K Uppal, N K Sood, C S Randhawa
College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University,
Ludhiana -141001. Punjab
The present study was conducted on 57 clinical (32 cattle and 25 buffaloes) cases of
peritonitis. Ten cattle and ten buffaloes served as control group. The haematological findings
ranged from normal haemogram to severe leukopenia with left shift and presence of toxic
neutrophils, depending upon severity of inflammation. Mean TLC (14500±667.45/µL) and mean
neutrophil count (10600±590.29/µL) were significantly higher than control value. The abnormal
peritoneal fluid findings included variable numbers of degenerated neutrophils, aggregate of
macrophages and mesothelial cells, squamous epithelial cells, bacteria, plant fiber, gut contents,
protozoa and even fungi. Bacteria were observed in 41 peritoneal fluid samples, being cocci (10),
bacilli (7), both cocci and bacilli (22), and other shapes (4). In majority of cases, the differential
cell count of both blood and peritoneal fluid was found to be better indicator of inflammation than
total cell count. On the basis of blood smear and peritoneal fluid examination prognosis was
assessed good in 18, guarded in 30 and poor in 9 animals Using four antibiotic combinations
along with supportive therapy for treatment only 16 animals recovered the disease. The four
antibiotic combinations selected were; a) ampicillin, enrofloxacin and metronidazole, b) ampicillin
and enrofloxacin, c) ceftiofur enrofloxacin and metronidazole, and d) ampicillin and gentamicin.
3.42 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF A NEW ANTI-FIBRINOLYTIC DRUG (TRANEXAMIC
ACID) IN POST-PARTURIENT HAEMOGLOBINURIA IN BUFFALOES
SRIDHAR, V.K.JAIN AND RAKESH KUMAR
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
HISAR-125 004
Investigation was carried out on 6 buffaloes suffering from post-parturient
haemoglobinuria. These buffaloes had a history of recent parturition with passage of coffee
coloured urine, inappetence and straining during defaecation though the consistency of the
faeces was normal. These animals were in third to sixth lactation and yielding high milk
production prior to onset of disease. These haemoglobinuric buffaloes were treated with
tranexamic acid (a new anti-fibrinolytic drug) @ 3000 mg, I/V, daily for three consecutive days
and post-treatment samples were collected on day 4 after the start of treatment. The cases
responded well and 100 per cent clinical cure was achieved within mean period of 3.33 ± 0.51
days after the start of the treatment. Blood/serum biochemical analysis of diseased animals
before therapy revealed significantly lower level of serum inorganic phosphorus while
significantly higher levels of blood malondialdehyde and serum fibrin degradation products were
observed. Following therapy there was very marginal (non-significant) appreciation of serum
inorganic phosphorus levels but blood malondialdehyde and serum fibrin degradation product
levels declined significantly.
54
3.43 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF OXALATE POISIONING IN CATTLE
S.U.Digraskar, M.P.Sakhare, V.D.Muley, Zaker Ali and S.V.Lokhande
In all, six clinical cases of Oxalate poisoning were referred to the Department of
Veterinary Medicine with variable clinical manifestations. The affected cattle had anorexia,
suspended rumination, running down condition, constipation, swelling of one or both the hind
limbs and swelling at perineal region. Clinical examination of the affected bullock (4) and Cow (2)
revealed elevated rectal temperature (102-103.80F), congested mucous membranes,
dehydration, dyspnoea and frequent attempts to urinate with small frothy urination. In two
bullocks there was flaccidity of smooth muscles with protrusion of penis from the prepuce.
Affected cattle had history of ingestion of plants containing soluble oxalate to oxalate rich moldy
plants before illness. Urine examination revealed presence of protein (++ to +++), acidic pH (5.0
to 6.0) and presence of large number of envelope to rhomboid shaped shining crystals. Blood
biochemical analysis indicated marked nephropathy with many fold increased serum urea
nitrogen and creatinine. Other findings were hyperprotenaemia, hypocalcemia and
hyperphosphatemia. The affected cattle were subjected to extensive fluid and electrolyte
therapy, calcium borogluconate, antihistaminic, liver extract, Ascorbic acid and oral lime water
therapy. All the affected cattle were under constant clinical evaluation. There was gradual
improvement after therapeutic regimen and only one out of six, which had serum urea nitrogen
548 mg/dl succumbed to oxalate poisoning.
3.44 MANAGEMENT OF POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA IN A OSMANABADI GOAT-A CASE
REPORT
S.V. Lokhande, V.D Muley, S.U Digraskar, M.P. Sakhare, Zaker Ali, P.B.Hase and M.F.M.F
Siddiqui
A three year female Osmanabadi goat was presented to the Department of Veterinary
Medicine with a complaint of inappetance, frequent inorderly muscular movements, star gazing
posture, opisthotonous arch and convulsions. The goat had an attack of acute lactoacidosis
about a week back. Clinical examination revealed raised rectal temperature, incordination of gait,
nystagamus and rigidity of muscles. The doe exhibited attacks of frequent opisthotonous with
star gazing posture and then exhibited recumbancy. On the basis of characteristic clinical
manifestation and history of lactoacidosis, The case was tentatively diagnosed as
Polioencephalomalacia and subjected to parentral thiamine therapy daily for 10 days followed by
oral thiamine medication. The goat showed progressive improvement in appetite, apperance and
posture following therapy and required 3 weeks time for complete clinical recovery.
55
3.45 SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF ANTE-PARTUM VAGINAL PROLAPSE IN CASE OF
DOES- A CASE REPORT
H.S.Birade,S.B.Koli,C.L.Badgujar,S.U.Gulvane,R.R.Shelar &N.R.Dagli.
Dept.Of Gynaecology,Obstetrics & Animal Reproduction.
Mumbai Veterinary College , Parel, Mumbai-400 012.( India ).
Two does, two & half & three year old were presented with history of ante-partum vaginal
prolapse since one week to the Animal Hospital , Mumbai Veterinary College ,Parel,
Mumbai.These does were treated by local veterinarians symptomatically. However, the prolapse
of vagina was getting more aggreviated. Especially the vaginal prolapse was more pronounced
during the sitting posture. Physical examination revealed excellent body condition. All other
physiological parameters were with in the normal limit. On thorough clinical examination, it is
observed that the does were advanced pregnant & about to parturate with in week or so. Since
the does were kept as pet ,they were well fed with limited exercise. After thorough examination it
was concluded that the ante-partum prolapse might be due to increased intra-abdominal
pressure due to oversized twins & triplets. As the does were advanced pregnant symptomatic
treatment along with Inj.Dinoprost Tromethamine 12·5 mg (Prostaglandin F 2α analogue i.e. PG)
intra-muscularly was given. Owner’s were instructed to check for kidding after 24 Hrs..One of the
doe delivered twins, both were males which weighed 2·3 & 2·4 Kg after 42 Hrs of PG
administration, another doe delivered triplets after 38 Hrs. of PG administration, which weighed
3, 2·5 & 1·9 Kg. After kidding there was uneventful recovery & vaginal prolapse never occurred in
that post-partum period again.
3.46 HAEMOGLOBINURIA DUE TO HYPOPHOSPHATAEMIA IN A NON-DESCRIPT SHEBUFFALO: A CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, K.K.Ponnusamy, G.Vijayakumar, E.Venkatesakumar, R.Ezakial Napolean,
Department of Clinics,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637 001
A 4 year old non-descript she-buffalo was presented to the Veterinary College and
Research Institute Teaching Hospital, Namakkal with history of passing brown coloured urine for
the past 3 days. Clinical examination revealed normal temperature and slightly increased heart
rate and respiration rate. The urine was brown in colour throughout the micturition. Examination
of peripheral blood smear revealed negative for haemoprotozoan diseases. Urinalysis and
haematological examination were unrewarding except a mild decrease in haemoglobin. However
the animal had normal ingestion of feed and water, defecation and rumination. Detailed
examination, estimation of serum Phosphorus and response to Phosphorus injection revealed
that the cause of haemoglobinuria was due to Phosphorus deficiency and the details of the case
are presented and discussed.
3.47 POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA IN A GOAT: A CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, E.Venkatesakumar, G.Vijayakumar, R.Ezakial Napolean and M.Subramanian
A one and half year old female non-descript goat was presented to the Small Ruminant
Medicine unit of Veterinary College and Research Institute Teaching Hospital, Namakkal with a
history of anorexia, shuffling gait, sudden falling on the ground and recumbency for a day. The
goat was in sternal recumbency with star-gazing posture. Champing of jaws, mild frothy
salivation and grinding of teeth were observed. The animal had a normal rectal temperature,
56
heart rate of 86/minute and respiration rate of 28/minute. Clinical examination revealed
dehydration, marked opisthotonus with nystagmus, absence of menace reflex in both eyes.
Haematological parameters were within the normal range. Examination of peripheral blood
smear revealed negative for haemoprotozoan diseases. Detailed examination, estimation of
serum Thiamine and response to injection of Thiamine revealed that the cause was due to
deficiency of Thiamine and the details of the case are presented and discussed.
3.48 USE OF PHYSICAL METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS IN TRAUMATIC PERICARDITIS OF
CATTLE: A REVIEW OF SIX CASES
G.Senthil Kumar, K.K.Ponnuswamy, G.Vijayakumar, S.Kathirvel, S.Sivaraman, K.Krishnakumar
and M.Subramanian
Department of Clinics,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637 002
Six cattle were presented during the year 2010 to the Veterinary College and Research
Institute Teaching Hospital, Namakkal with the history of anorexia, suspended rumination,
swelling in the neck and brisket region and passing pasty or pellety dung for 10 days. The
animals were on standing posture with abduction of elbow and cautious gait. The average pulse
and respiration rate were 86 and 32 per minute respectively. The rectal temperature varied from
38.8.C to 39.4.C. The conjunctival mucous memberane was congested. Auscultation of heart
revealed muffled heart sound. Haematology revealed leucocytosis and neutrophilia. All the six
cases were positive for slope test, wither pinch test, poll test and venous stasis test. X-rays were
taken to confirm presence of foreign body in pericardium. Physical methods of diagnosis were
useful and the details of the case are presented and discussed.
57
DISEASES OF COMPANION
ANIMALS
4.1 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR PARESIS IN DOGS
Pardeep Sharma, B. Pal, R.K. Mandial and Adarsh Kumar
Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
CSK HPKV, Palampur-176 062 (Himachal Pradesh), India
Four clinical cases of posterior paresis in dogs were recorded. The dogs showed signs of
lameness, ataxia, flaccidity of hind limbs, lethargy and muscular weakness. The rectal
temperature was (103 ± 0.74°F) with heart rate (117 ± 1.73/min.) and respiration rate (57.00
±1.29/min.). Pedal reflex and pin prick test of hind limbs showed varying degree of sensation
loss; however, radiographic examination did not show any abnormality. Haemogram revealed
lower haemoglobin (6.6±1.09 g/dl) and haematocrit value (21 ± 3.42 %) with slightly increased
total leucocyte count (15.01±3.06 x103/µl) and mild neutrophilia (71.75±1.31 %). Therapy
comprising of antibiotics, nervine tonics, haematinics, anti-inflammatory, antipyretics, mineral
supplementation and hind limb massage showed clinical improvement to the level of 40-50%
within 10 days.
4.2 CHRONIC GASTRITIS IN A PUP- A CASE REPORT
P.V.Sonone, V.M.Dhoot, V.E.Mahajan,Deepti gupta, A.S.Pathan, B. S. Prajapati, Mohd
Tarique,A.S.Shalini,
A 3 and1/2 month’s age German shepherd male pup was presented in Teaching
Veterinary Clinical Service Complex with the history of frequent vomition since 4 days. On clinical
examination pup was dehydrated and dull with temp 102 o F. The complete blood count was
performed which revealed normal leucocyte count was (9000µL). The differential leucocyte count
was (N=76%, L=27%, M=1%, E=0%) and biochemical analysis like BUN (28%) creatinine (1.1mg
%) found. Faecal sample examination report was negative for parasitic ova/cyst. Oral intake
restricted and animal was treated with Inj Amoxycillin+Cloxacillin (Intamox) @5 mg/kgBwt, Inj
Metaclopromide @0.1 mg/kgBwt I/M, Inj Ranitidine @1 mg/kg Bwt along with Ringers
lactate@25ml/kgBwt I/V for 2 days but frequency of vomition not controlled.
On 3rd day broad spectrum antibiotic Ampicillin @5 mg / kg Bwt I/m, Inj Dextrose 5%
20ml/kg BwtI/V, Inj Ringers lactate@25ml/kgBwt I/V alongwith Ometab @0.7 mg/kg orally OID
for 7 days treatment was given and pup was completely cured and started taking water and small
amount of food without any vomition.
4.3 HAEMOBORTENELLA CANIS INFECTION IN GOLDEN RETRIEVER-A CASE REPORT
P.V.Sonone, A.M.Rode, V.S. Lekami, H.P.Narkhede, A.S.Kinhekar, Ishfaq Qadri,V.Anjankar.
Haemobortenella canis is rickettsial agent of dog causes anaemia. A golden retriever 4
year’s male dog was admitted to hospital for sudden listlessness. The dog was in lateral
recumbancy and couldn’t raise, profuse salivation, Temp 1050 F. Inspection of patient revealed
presence of ticks on the body. Blood smear examination showed H.canis across inner surface of
RBC. The case was treated with Inj Oxytetracycline @20mg/kg Bwt I/V, Inj Dextrose 5% 20ml/kg
BwtI/V ,Inj Meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg Bwt I/M, Inj Neurobian Forte 1ml I/M for 7 days and complete
recovery observed
58
4.4 STUDIES ON PREVALENCE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SARCOPTIC
MANGE IN DOG
Kashatriya, K, Roy ,S ,Roy ,M , Ottalwar ,T ,Rath ,D, Deshmuck ,M& Viswakarma ,P
College of Veterinarry Science & A.H., Durg, Chhattisgarh.
Prevalence of sarcoptic mange in dogs was studied in nearby areas of Durg district in
Chhattisgarh state. . A total 117 no. of dogs with the symptoms of pruritus, alopecia, thickening
of the skin were screened to monitor the prevalence of sarcoptic mange. The skin scraping was
taken for the identification of mite. The overall prevalence of sarcoptic mange was 39.32%
.Breed wise the prevalence was highest in German shepherd and prevalence was higher in
young dog. It was also observed that male dogs were more prone to sarcoptic mange. On
seasonal basis the prevalence of sarcoptic mange was found highest during winter season &
pure vegetarian diet’s dogs were more prone to the sarcoptic mange.
Histopathological changes revealed presences of cross section of mites and their eggs in
the epidermis. Hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, infiltration of lymphocytes and degeneration of
epithelium was also observed.
4.5 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SARCOPTIC MANGE IN DOGS
Roy, S .Roy M, Khashatriya, K Ottalwar, T., Rath, D., Vishwakarma, P
College of Veterinary Science & A.H. Anjora, Durg (C.G)
For this study 6 healthy and 18 naturally infected dogs with sarcoptic mange were
selected and randomly divided into four groups viz A, B, C, and D. Each group comprising of 6
dogs. Group A animals received Inj. Ivermectin @200 µg/Kg B. wt. s/c weekly interval for 4 wks.
Group B received the treatment of Eprinomectin (0.5%) pour on @ 1 ml/10 Kg B. wt. weekly
interval for 4 wks. Paste of Annona squamosa leaves was applied twice in a week for 4weeks
in Group C animals and group D was considered as healthy control. The efficacy of the drug was
ascertained on the basis of clinical improvement and disappearence of mites in skin scraping . It
was found that all the treatments were effective against clinical cases of sarcoptic mange in
dogs.It was observed that dogs treated with Eprinomectin pour on gave better response.No
untoward reaction was observed in treated dogs.
4.6 CLINICO-PATHOLOGIGAL FINDINGS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES
IN CANINES
Latesh Bhagat, J.L. Singh, A.K. Das and Mamta
Department of Clinical Medicine, C.V.A.Sc, GBPUAT, Pantnagar
US Nagar- 2631454 (UK) India
Total 8 cases of dogs (5 ♂ and 3♀) were presented in Veterinary Teaching Hospital of
the college in the month of October 2010 with the history of distended abdomen, loss of appetite,
difficulty in walking, dyspnoea, dullness, weakness, fever, dehydration and discoloration of feces
with variable period of 1-2 months. Out of 8, 2 dogs also showed vomition, coughing, panting and
exercise intolerance with pronounced bilateral distention of abdomen and arched back posture.
Detailed clinical examination of the affected dogs revealed moderate to severe bilateral
distention of abdomen, difficulty in walking, dyspnoea, arching back posture, tenesmus,
temperature (102-104°F), Pulse rate (80-110/min), Heart rate (80-120/min), Respiration rate (3042/min) and complete blood cell count was almost with in the normal range but wide range of
variation in hemoglobin(6-19g/dl).The tactile percussion of the abdomen revealed fluid thrill in the
dogs suggestive of Ascites. The biochemical analysis of the 7 cases showed increased level of
59
total bilirubin (1.3±0.14 mg/dl), indirect bilirubin (0.65±0.1 mg/dl), direct bilirubin (0.65±0.1 mg/dl),
ALT (114.8±14.8 U/l), AST (77.71±9.3 U/l), decreased blood glucose (46.42±5.8 mg/dl) and total
protein (47.85±7.5 g/l) in serum but no marked alteration in BUN (24.28±2.9 mg/dl) and SC
(1.46±0.2 mg/dl). Urinolysis showed the value of specific gravity ranging from 1.023-1.038 with
no glucosuria or proteinuria. Whereas in one male dog there was increased BUN (46 mg/dl) and
SC (3.4 mg/dl) and its urinolysis showed decreased specific gravity of 1.012 and proteinurea. Xray examination of abdominal region of the cases showed ground glass appearance. Fluid was
also aspirated by paracentesis abdominis and it was clear colorless with specific gravity of 1.013,
microscopic examination showed few mononuclear cells.
Out of total 8 cases 7 cases were found to suffer with hepatopathy associated ascites
and one dog suffered with nephropathy associated ascites. Dogs with hepatopathy were treated
successfully with tab lasix (@4 mg/kg body weight for 1 week), fluid therapy (comprises of 5 %
dextrose and balanced electrolyte in std dose), syrup hepatoglobin (2TSF Bid), inj liver extract
(1-2 ml IM OD for 5 days), syrup sorbiline (2TSF Bid) and GRD powder (2TSF Bid) for about one
month after deworming with tab eazy pet. Moreover intravenous infusion of hemocoel (250ml IV
OD for 3 days) in 2 cases of severe hypoproteinemia was done. The dog showing nephropathy
was treated successfully with tab lasix (4mg/kg body weight for 5 days) along with fluid therapy
and plasma expander ( hemocoel @ 500 ml IV OD for 3 days). Partial fluid tapping (200- 400 ml)
was carried out in severely affected ascitic dogs for 3-4 dogs.
4.7 REACTION TO VACCINATION WITH COMBINED DHLPPi VACCINE IN CANINES
Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Akola. MAFSU,Nagpur.
Reaction to booster dose of DHLPPI in three pups were recorded here. A Pomeranian,
Boxer and Labrador breed pups were presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex,
PGIVAS, Akola. They showed severe reaction after 15 hours of booster dose of DHLPPi
combined vaccine. Initially they had fever (104.50 F), followed by anorexia, in-coordination while
walking and hypereathesia. The pups were given symptomatic and supportive treatment.
Subsequently, the pups showed severe nervous signs and succumbed to the reaction after a
week.
4.8 CLINICAL CASE OF ACUTE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA IN A DOG
Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Akola. MAFSU,Nagpur.
A Labrador male dog was brought to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Akola with
sudden development of clinical signs like anorexia, slight lateral deviation of head, incoordination with tendency to fall to one side while walking and change in behaviour to become
non-aggressive. Laboratory examination of cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF) of the animal revealed an
abnormal increase of leukocyte count. The case was tentatively diagnosed to be of acute
cerebellar ataxia on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory examination. Parentral therapy with
chloramphenicol, vitamin B-complex, pheniramine maleate along with oral administration of
cinnarizine, cyproheptadine and liver tonic for one week led to alleviation of clinical signs to a
great extent. The animal started taking food normally and incoordination/ deviation of head also
resolved to a considerable extent but not fully till last report.
60
4.9 OCCURRENCE OF Hepatozoon canis AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
K Sarma, M.Sarvanan, M.Kumar, K.Mahendran, D.B.Mondal
Division of Veterinary Medicine
Bareilly, UP, India
Study has been conducted at Referral Veterinary polyclinic, IVRI, Bareilly to find the
occurrence of Hepatozoon canis in dog in and around Bareilly and to provide best therapeutic
measures. A Total of 55 canine cases having symptoms of fever, diarrhea, staggering gait,
anaemia and debilitated condition has been screened clinically and only 3 dogs found positive for
H.canis by blood smear examination, out of which one dog showed mixed infestation of Ehrlichia
canis. Occurrence of hepatozoonosis was found 5.5% only in the canine population screened
during the period. Haemato-biochemical findings of all the 3 ailing dogs revealed low
haemoglobin (7.80gm%±1.11), PCV (27.00%±1.00), TEC (3.20 milion/cumm±0.65) values with
neutrophilic leucocytosis (84.33%±1.53) and high alkaline phosphatase activity (30.00U/dl±2.00).
Parasitaemia varied from 4 to 9 % of the circulating neutrophils. Treatment was instituted with
Tetracycline @ 11mg/kg body weight iv for 5 days followed by Doxycycline @ 22mg/kg t.i.d orally
for another 10 days along with the supportive treatment of 5% Dextrose normal saline@300ml
iv, Ringer’s lactate@ 250 ml iv and Conciplex(Alembic) @ 2ml im every alternate day for 12days
and all the 3 dogs responded to the treatment within 72 hours.
4.10 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE TRYPANOSOMIASIS
Mritunjay kumar, M. Saravanan, Kalyan Sarma, B. D. Sahu, S. K. Behera and D.B. Mondal
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly -243 122
A one year old male Labrador of 11 kg b. wt was presented to the clinical complex of IVRI
with complains of unilateral swelling of head and inappetence for 2 days. Clinical examination
revealed swelling of popliteal lymph node and unilateral face on left side including the periorbital
region. Physical examination revealed almost normal rectal temperature (102.2 0F) and pulse rate
(82/min). Blood smear examination with Giemsa stain showed 14-16 Trypanosoma evansi /field
in 1000X magnification. Haematobiochemical examination revealed Hb 8.2 gm/dl, PCV 27%,
TEC 2.6X 106/μl, TLC 14,820/ μl and DLC ( N-76%, L-21%, M-2 & E-1). Treatment was instituted
with Diminazine aceturate 3.5 mg/kg b. wt., 10% Dextrose 200ml, Pheniramine maleate 2ml as
single dose followed by Cefotaxime 25mg/kg b. wt. bid im and Meloxicame 1 ml bid im for two
days. Complete remission of facial swelling and popliteal lymph node was observed on day 3 of
treatment while blood smear was found negative for trypanosoma on day 10 of treatment.
4.11 MULTICENTRE LYMPHOMA IN A PUG – A CASE REPORT
Mritunjay kumar, H. Vijay Kumar, K. K. Mishra, Pankaj Kumar and D. B. Mondal
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122
Female pug dog of 3 year old with 9 kg body weight was presented to IVRI clinical
complex with complaint of respiratory distress and enlargement of glands. Clinical examination
revealed enlarged sub-mandibular, popliteal and supramammary lymph node, slight rise of rectal
temperature (103.2 0F) with good body condition. Ultrasonographic examination revealed splenic
mass, enlarged mesenteric lymph node, hepatomegaley and enlarged supramammary lymph
node. X- Ray examination of thoracic part revealed T 8-9 spondilytis with no lesions of lung
metastasis. Lymph node biopsy showed more number of immature lymphocytes. Combination
therapy was instituted with prednisolone, L-Asperage, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and
blood parameters were monitored at weekly interval for 2 months. Remission of lymph node
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enlargement was observed physically after first dose of Prednisolone and L-asperage therapy
while ultrasonography showed mild echogenic liver and subsided lymph nodes. Combination
therapy was continued for two months. The dog again showed the enlargement of peripheral
lymph nodes after 2 months of treatment and died ultimately after 15 days.
4.12 SERUM ASCITES ALBUMIN GRADIENT (SAAG) IN ASCITIC DOGS
M. Saravanan, Mritunjay kumar, H. Vijay Kumar, Kalyan Sarma and D.B. Mondal
Study was conducted at Referral Veterinary Poly clinic, Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar. Sick dogs were brought with clinical signs suggestive of distended abdomen
and inappetance. General clinical examination, biochemical, ultrasound examination,
abdominocentesis and peritoneal fluid examination were performed. The ascetic fluid collected
from the peritoneal cavity was evaluated for colour, turbidity, specific gravity, total protein,
leukocyte count, cytological examination of the fluid. Study revealed spitz dogs had more
incidences of ascites, followed by Labrador Retrievers. Male dogs had more incidence than
female dogs and most of the ascites were noticed in 4–5 years aged dogs. Mean ± SE of serum
ascites albumin gradients (SAAG) are 7.745 ± 2.720. All the ascites affected dogs having the
SAAG more than 1.1g/dl (≥1.1g/dl). SAAG > 1.1 g/dl suggests presence of portal hypertension.
Hence, SAAG can be used as a screening test in ascetis due to chronic liver disease of the
animal and specific tests should be done when necessary for individual patients.
4.13 SEROPREVALENCE OF CORONA INFECTION IN DOGS
Prakash Kumar N., R.K. Bagherwal, Aarti Bhatele and Sanjay Shukla
College of Vety. Sci. & A.H., MPPCVV Jabalpur.
Viral gastroenteritis is an important disease entity in dogs and the role of stray dogs and
thereby the wild canidae in the occurrence and epidemiology of canine viral gastroenteritis is
very important. This epidemiological data needs to be taken in to account to decide the
vaccination strategy for this region. In present study 140 dogs were screened for seroprevalence
of CCoV in and around Indore. The overall seroprevalence of 53.57% for CCoV and 40%
Seroprevalence of CCoV in pedigreed dogs, vaccination status was not significant however sex
in stray dogs was significant with higher seroprevalence in females and age in pedigreed dogs
with higher seroprevalence in dogs below 6 months of age. With higher seroprevalence in dogs
more than 3 yrs of age ICH seroprevalence was found to be 35.00% with no effected of age. Sex
breed of vaccination status. Canine Corona Virus (CCoV) had been described in 1971 but it had
not been associated with naturally occurring disease in dogs until about the same time that CPV
was discovered.
Keywords: Seroprevalence, Corona Virus, Gastroenteritis
4.14 SEROPREVALENCE OF PARVO VIRUS INFECTION IN DOGS
Prakash Kumar, R.K. Bagherwal, Aarti Bhatele and Sanjay Shukla
College of Vety. Sci. & A.H., M.P.P.C.V.V., Jabalpur.
Viral gastroenteritis is an important disease entity in dogs and the role of stray dogs and
thereby the wild canidae in the occurrence and epidemiology of canine viral gastroenteritis is
very important. This epidemiological data needs to be taken in to account to decide the
vaccination strategy for this region. In present study 140 dogs were screened for seroprevalence
of canine parvo virus (CPV) in and around indore region for overall seroprevalence of CPV was
50.71%. In the pedigreed dogs, it was seen that age, sex and vaccination status did not make a
significant difference in the seroprevalence rates. Sex and vaccination status were not significant
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however age in stray dogs was highly significant. The present study showed that 83.33% of the
stray dogs and 50% of the pedigreed dogs which were vaccinated more than 3 years ago had
protective titre against CPV.
Keywords: Canines Parvo Virus (CPV), Seroprevalence, Gastroenteritis
4.15 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANINE PYODERMA, A CASE REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, J.V. Vadaliya and K. Prajapati
Jiva Daya Trust, Animal Helpline, Anand, Gujarat
388 001
A male Labrador puppy around six months of age was brought to Jiva Daya Trust, Animal
Helpline, Anand for treatment of skin disease. On clinical examination, the animal was weak with
visible pustules, crusts, circular erythematous spots and alopecia in the region of trunk. The
rectal temperature of the dog was 103ºF. The skin scrapping was collected and examined for the
presence of Dermatophytes and the sample was negative for the same. So, based on the clinical
signs and skin scrapping examination, the condition was diagnosed as a case of simple canine
Pyoderma. Treatment of the animal included antiseptic dressing of the affected area, topical
application of Oint. Gentamicin for a week, PO administration of 200 mg tab. Droxyl, BID
(Torrent, India Ltd.) for three days and IM injection of 1 ml Prednisolone (Intervet, India Ltd.). The
dog recovered completely after 10 days. In conclusion, proper treatment and care of the dogs is
useful in resolving conditions like canine pyoderma.
4.16 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GIARDIASIS IN A POMERANIAN DOG, A CASE
REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, S.M. Parmar, J.V. Vadaliya and K.H. Parmar
An owner under field condition claimed his male Pomeranian dog was suffering from
diarrhoea from five days. On clinical examination, the animal was weak with evident weight loss.
The rectal temperature of the dog was 102.4ºF. The faeces was rancid smelling, soft and grey in
colour. Faecal sample was collected in a sterile plastic vial and send for laboratory analysis. On
laboratory examination, the sample revealed presence of flagellate protozoa, characteristically
Giardia. The condition was hence diagnosed as Giardiasis. Treatment of the animal included PO
administration of 1.0 tab. CFOX-TZ (Intas, India Ltd.) for two occasions, leaving two days interval
in between, PO administration of bol. Panacur 50 mg/kg PO QID, repeated on fifth day, IV
administration of of 500 ml DNS and IM injection of 3 ml Neuroxin 12-V, OD (Sarabhai Zydus,
India Ltd.) for 3 days. The dog recovered completely after five days. In conclusion, good clinical
approach with appropriate laboratory evaluation plays an important role in diagnosis and
treatment of Giardiasis.
4.17 TREATMENT OF PICA IN A DOG - A CASE REPORT
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, S.M. Parmar and K.H. Parmar
A female dog (Non-descript) under field condition exhibited abnormal feeding habits. The
owner claimed that his dog was eating soil, papers and licking metal objects like iron. Adequate
food was provided to the animal, despite that the signs were evident. The above signs were
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evident from more than one month time interval, with progressive pronunciation day by day. On
clinical examination, the animal was physically normal with 101ºF rectal temperature. From the
above clinical signs, it was assumed that the animal might be suffering from a less common
mineral disorder, referred as Pica. Treatment of the animal included supply of 15 ml Liq.
Ostophos-FS, BID (PO, Neospark, India Ltd.) for 15 days, IM injection of 2.0 ml Stronic
(Ranbaxy, India Ltd.) for three alternate days. Moreover, the animal was dewormed with Drontal
Plus @ 1 tab/10kg BW, 2 tabs. PO (Bayer, India Ltd.). The treatment response was quite good
with improvement of the animal after one week and complete recovery after 15 days. In
conclusion, adequate mineral and vitamin supplementation and proper medical management are
useful in management of the cases of Canine Pica and its prevention.
4.18 MALASSEZIA DERMATITIS IN A LABRADOR DOG- A CASE REPORT
Dr.K.Vijayakumar and M.G.Saranya
College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy 680 851.Kerala.
A one year old, female Labrador dog was presented in the University Veterinary Teaching
Hospital with the complaint of generalized alopecia, erythematous skin lesions,
hyperpigmentation, severe pruritis and mouldy odour. On preliminary examination of the animal
the clinical parameters were found to be normal. The skin impression smear was taken and
stained with Leishman’s stain and on microscopical examination budding yeast cells could be
detected and the disease was diagnosed as Malassezia dermatitis. Detailed
haematobiochemical examination of the animal was done. Skin scrapings were collected
asceptically and cultured in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and growth was observed after three
days. The culture was found to be positive for urease test. The animal was treated with
Ketoconazole and the response was favourable. The details of the clinical and the haematobiochemical investigation discussed.
4.19 NEUROLOGICAL AFFECTIONS IN A TRYPANOSOMOSIS AFFECTED DOG
S. Kumar, P. Bhatt, V.S. Rajora, Latesh Bhagat and A. Devrari
Veterinary Clinics
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Pantnagar-263145, U.S.Nagar, Uttarakhand
Trypanosomosis in dogs usually follows an acute course with infrequent CNS lesions. A
dog was presented with history of intermittent fever, progressive anemia, anorexia, rear limb
paralysis, ataxia, tonic-clonic seizures and initiation of corneal opacity. Clinical examination
revealed elevated body temperature, congested conjunctival mucous membrane, mild corneal
opacity, moderate to severe dehydration, generalized weakness and oedematous swelling of
larynx. Blood smear examination revealed Trypanosoma evansi infection while faecal
examination was negative for any parasitic ova. Treatment with quinapyramine prosalt,
sedatives, electrolyte infusions, plasma expanders, hematenics and supportive medication lead
to gradual improvement and absence parasitemia over a period of ten days.
Keywords: Neurological, Trypanosomosis, Dog
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4.20 MANAGEMENT OF IATROGENIC BLEEDING DISORDER AFTER ESTROGEN
ADMINISTRATION IN A MISMATED FEMALE DOG
Latesh Bhagat, P. Bhatt, S. Kumar, S. Gola and M.Z. Lattoo
Veterinary Clinics
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Pantnagar-263145, U.S.Nagar, Uttarakhand
Estrogen preparations are frequently advocated in canine misalliance cases which may
be associated with bleeding disorders. A mismated female Labrador was presented with signs of
bleeding from nostrils, gums, vagina and ecchymosis on ventral abdomen after parenteral
estrogen therapy. Haemato-biochemical examination revealed reduced erythrocyte, leukocyte
and platelet counts with increased serum estrogen levels. Blood smear and coprological
examination revealed absence of any haemoprotozoan and parasitic ova. Iatrogenic bleeding
disorder was suspected on the basis history of estrogen administration, clinical findings and
haematobiochemical estimations. The case was treated with parenteral testosterone,
haemostats, antibiotic, antihistaminic, oral and parenteral haematinics along with supportive
medication. Successful management of the case over a period of two weeks was recorded.
Keywords: Iatrogenic, Estrogen, Bleeding, Dog
4.21 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE HEARTWORM
Neelam Kushwaha, Niddhi Arora, Mamta, Satish Kumar, Amit Prasad and V.S.Rajora
G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar– 263145, U.S.Nagar (Uttarakhand), India
A 2 years old dog was presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar with the history of anorexia, fever, swelling on legs, oozing of
pus from swelling, blood mixed with cough and urine since 15 days.That area was populated with
mosquitoes. Clinical examination revealed high fever (104.80F), depression, pale mucous
membrane, increase heart rate, decreased respiration rate with more inspiratory effort, peripheral
oedema, dark brownish urine containing haemoglobin and bilirubin, purulent ocular discharge
and eczematous dermatitis. Blood examination revealed presence of microfilariae. Thoracic
radiography revealed cardiomegaly. Dog was previously treated with fluconazole, ciprofloxacin
and, haematinic, but condition was not resolved. Animal was treated with Milbemycin oxime @
0.5 mg/kg body weight for 5 days and Diethyl carbamizine @ 6.6 mg/kg body weight per os daily
for 15 days and supplemented with doxicycline @ 10 mg/kg body weight, vitamin supplement
and liver tonic. The animal showed improvement after 6 days post treatment. Blood was reexamined on 8th day post treatment no microfilariae were found along with normal sized heart.
Keywords- Microfilarae, cardiomegaly, diethyl carbamizine, dog.
4.22 MEDICO-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CYSTIC CALCULI IN DOG
Mamta,Yogita Adhikari, Satish Kumar,Niddhi Arora, Neelam Kushwaha ,Amit Prasad and
V.S.Rajora
G.B.P.U.A.&T. Pantnagar, U.S.Nagar – 263145 Uttarakhand, India
A 6 year old Pomeranian female dog was presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital,
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar with the complaints of dribbling of urine
containing blood, straining while micturition, anorexia, decreased water intake, no fever and loss
65
of body weight which last for 10 days. Prior treatment was given with antibiotics and antiinflammatory but condition of animal was not improved. On clinical examination there was normal
temperature (102.2oF), pallor mucosa, dullness, dehydration, pain on palpation of inguinal region,
increased heart rate, decreased respiration rate. Blood examination revealed decreased
haemoglobin percentage (10.2g/dl), decreased Total Erythrocytic Count (4.7million/µl) and
increased PCV(63%). Radiographic examination showed presence of calculi in Urinary bladder.
Animal was treated conservatively with tab Cystone®1 tab TID daily for 7 days along with
Norfloxacin @ 22mg/kg BW for 5 days & Syrup alkasol® 1 tsf BID for 15 days along with fluid
therapy but animal did not responded thereafter surgical intervention was being done for the
removal of calculi. Animal was kept under post operative care for 7 days and animal was cured.
Keywords- Calculi, urinary bladder, dog.
4.23 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF GENERALIZED DEMODECOSIS AND PYODERMA
IN DOGS
Brijesh Kumar, Ramakant, R.K.Jadhav, Ram Sagar, M. Srivastava, Prabha Katiyar and Perumal
P.
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, DDUVASU, Mathura 281001, India
Eleven dogs of age group 1-9 years (3 male, 8 female) of various breed (GSD- 6, Lab- 2,
Rottweiler -1, Spitz-1, Boxer-1) revealed alopecia, papules and pustules over the body, thighs,
inter digital space, and moist oozing scabby lesions with severe erythema. Cultural studies of
pus samples from four infected dogs showed pre dominantly Staphylococcus sps. (3 cases)
followed by E. coli (1 case). Antibiogram showed maximum susceptibility against ciprofloxacin
followed by chloremphenicol and cefalexin. All the cases infected with demodicosis, and
demodicosis along with pyoderma were treated with ciprofloxacin, ivermectin, amitraz, immunol
showed good clinical recovery after 25 days of treatment.
4.24 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CONCURRENT INFECTIONS OF EHRLICHIOSIS
AND HEPATOZOONOSIS IN A GSD: A CASE REPORT
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145
U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand
Tick-borne diseases are common in dogs. A 3 year old male GSD, weighing 30 kg, was
brought to VTH, Pantnagar with the history of anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, vomition and
diarrhoea for last 5 days. On detailed clinical examination, elevated temp. 1060F, purulent nasal
discharge and ocular signs including blood shots, corneal opacity, dilated pupils and photophobia
were observed. Tick infestation was found around the ears, tail, neck and belly of the animal.
Ecchymotic hemorrhages on either side of penis and ventral abdomen were evident. On
palpation stiffness of muscles of hind quarter and lymphadenopathy of popliteal lymph node were
present, suggestive of the apparent lameness. Peripheral blood smear from ear tip after geimsa
staining revealed gelatinous capsule-shaped gamonts of Hepatozoon canis in the cytoplasm of
neutrophils and intra-cytoplasmic morula of Ehrlichia canis in monoytes. Haematology revealed
generalized pancytopenia, partial thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia with hypoalbuminemia and
hyperglobulinemia and elevated blood clotting time. The dog was treated with Sulfatrimethoprim
@ 15 mg/kg BW IM for 5 days, Doxycycline @ 5mg/ kg BW orally every 24 hours for 14 days
and Prednisolone @0.5 mg/ kg BW orally bid for first 3 days and subsequently in tapering doses
for next 7 days. Supportive therapy involved inf. Dextrose saline (5%) @ 20 ml/ kg BW IV, inj.
Tribivet @ 1 ml/ 10 kg BW IM, inj. Imferon @ 1 ml deep IM for 3 weeks at weekly interval and a
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regular weekly bath with Procott (ectoparasiticidal) shampoo. After following up the treatment,
clinical recovery was seen in the health of dog and no recurrence was noticed afterwards.
4.25 NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN LABRADOR PUPS
Niddhi Arora, Satish Kumar, Amit Prasad and V.S. Rajora
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar
U.S.Nagar-263145, Uttrakhand, India
Two females of Labrador breed were presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College
of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, with the history of normal whelping with 8 and 10
pups respectively. Among all pups, 2 were died within 8 hours of birth rest were not able to
suckle the dam. Clinical examination of both mother revealed normal temperature, pulse rate,
heart rate and respiration rate but the born pups were weak, not able to suckle, in-coordination,
shivering, cold appendages, pale skin and one pup was extremely weak. Pups were treated with
20% glucose both intra-peritoneal and orally at every 4-6 hours for 3days. These were provided
with conducive environment to pups as well as mother. It was found that all pups have started
suckling following 2nd day of treatment but the extremely weak pup was died.
Keywords – Neonatal hypoglycaemia, Glucose, Labrador, Pup.
4.26 A CASE OF TETANUS IN A YOUNG PUP
G.R.Bhojne, Shalini A.S, Priya Nagare, Mohammad Tarique and Ishfaq Quadri
A pup, four month old, was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinic Complex, Nagpur
with the complaint of lateral recumbency with stiffness. On clinical examination pup showed
hyperaesthesia, vocalization, erect ears, wooden saw horse appearance with stiff limbs.Based
on the observation, a clinical diagnosis suggestive of tetanus was made.The dog was given
procaine penicillin G, methacarbamol and supportive treatment was given with due care but
inspite of all efforts the pup succumbed the next day.
4.27 ATYPICAL CASE OF DIPYLIDIOSIS IN DOG- A CASE REPORT
Bhoyar R, Puttalakshmamma G.C, Raghunath Reddy R and Prachi E Taksande
Veterinary Hospital, Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Information Center
Veterinary College, BIDAR-585401
A rare phenomenon of dipylidiosis was recorded in a three year male pomeranian dog
which was presented to the Veterinary Hospital, Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Information
Center, APMC Yard, Gandhi Gang Bidar. The pet was showing clinical signs such as anorexia,
salivation, vomition, diarrhoea, and scooting. Generally the gravid proglatids were passes
through feces but in the present case proglatids were noticed in both vomitus and faeces. The
passed out strobila of tapeworm was confirmed as dipylidium caninum and was treated with
PraziplusR
4.28 HYPOTHYROIDISM IN DOGS: A REPORT
Mrunali Kamble, B. N. Meshram, M. S. Dhakate and Priya Nagare
Four either sex dogs of different breeds were presented in a clinic with the symptoms of
alopecia, obesity, occular lesions, anaemia, pyoderma, typical rat tail appearance, dyspnoea and
myxedema. The skin scrapings were collected for confirmative parasitological examination but all
67
samples were recorded negative findings. Serological examination of the blood confirmed a
condition of hypothyroidism. It was treated with Thyroxine @ 15 mcg/kg body weight twice a day
orally upto 12 days and Inj. B-complex 1 cc intramuscularly for 3 days once in a day. All the
cases were showed uneventful recovery after 15 days.
4.29 ASSESSMENT OF BIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GASTRO-ENTERITIC DOG
Vivek Kumar, Satish Kumar, Garima Sharma, Niddhi Arora and V.S.Rajora
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B.Pant University Of Agri.& Tech. Pantnagar,
U.S.Nagar-263145 Uttrakhand.
A total of 14 clinical cases of in dogs at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar; irrespective of sex and age were included for
present study. The bio-chemical parameters viz. ALT, Bilirubin, Uric Acid were estimated in
serum in all infected animals. It was found that values of serum ALT was 114.64±9.89 unit/lt,
Total Bilirubin 1.00 ±0.10mg/dl, conjugated bilirubin 0.35 ±0.03mg/dl, Unconjugated
Bilirubin0.62±0.06mg/dl and serum uric acid level 2.19 ±0.21mg/dl. So there is significant
increase in level of Serum ALT, Bilirubin and slight increase in Uric acid as compared to normal
value due to abnormality in liver. Elevation in the activity of serum ALT is considered to be
specific for hepatic injury.
4.30 MEDICINAL TREATMENT OF VENEREAL GRANULOMAS IN DOGS
B. N. Meshram, Mrunali Kamble, S. V. Upadhye, M. S. Dhakate and Priya Nagare
NMC Veterinary Dispensary, Mahal, Nagpur
10 cases of dogs with different age groups, breeds and sexes were presented in the
NMC Veterinary Dispensary, Mahal, Nagpur having complaints with blood tinch during urination
and swelling over penis and vagina in males and female respectively. The clinical examination of
all the cases was diagnosed as a venereal granuloma. All cases were treated with Inj.
Vincrysticine 0.01 mg/ kg b.w. intravenously with inj. Dextrose 5% 100 ml once in a week.
Depending upon the degree of venereal granuloma all the cases were showed uneventful
recovery after 4-7 weeks.
4.31 SUCCESSFUL THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF MIXED HAEMOPROTOZOAN
INFECTION IN DOG
V.S.Anjankar,A.M.Rode, G.R.Bhojne, S.V.Upadhye, Mohammad Tarique,
A.S.Shalini,I.Qadri,V.S.Lekami
A male Labrador dog was presented at TVCC , NVC, Nagpur with the complaint of
Total inappetance, with high fever (106ºF) & disinclination to move. On clinical Examination
high body temperature was recorded USG and haematology revealed Spleenomegaly & severe
neutrophilia. The peripheral blood smear confirmed positive For E.canis & Haemobartonella
canis infection. Therapeutic management was carried Out with the inj.Oxytetracycline@20mg/kg
b.wt &followed by Doxycline@10mg/kg b.wt Po. The dog responded uneventfully by 6 th day of
treatment.
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4.32 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN A LABRADOR RETRIVER – A CASE REPORT
Priyanka, Pallav Shekhar, Pankaj Kumar, K.Mahendran and S.Dey
Division of Veterinary Medicine
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122
A five year old male Labrador Retriver was brought to the Veterinary Polyclinic at IVRI
with the history of exercise intolerance, respiratory distress and distended abdomen for the past
two months. Dog was treated at the local hospital with antibiotics and was brought to Veterinary
Polyclinic for further detailed investigation. Clinical examination findings were mild ascitis,
gasping, cyanotic tongue and cardiac murmur. Electrocardiography revealed the absence of ‘P’
waves with a ventricular response rate nearing 260 bpm. On radiographic examination
cardiomegaly and mild pleural effusion were found. Therapeutic plan and the outcome will be
presented in details.
4.33 MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN DOGS:
AN ANALYSIS OF 45 CASES
Umesh, C, G, Selvaraj, P, Jeyaraja, K, Nambi, A, P and Prathaban, S.
Centre of Advanced Training in Veterinary Clinical Medicine Ethics and Jurisprudence, Madras
Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai-7
From the dogs that were presented to the Small Animal Medicine Out-patient unit of the
Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with the symptoms suggestive of renal failure like
chronic vomiting and other symptoms of uremic gastritis along with changes in the urine output
and dehydration were screened for the presence of chronic renal failure by serological
examination for uremia. Out of positive results, a total number of 45 cases were analyzed for the
successfulness of the therapeutic management. Most of the dogs were above 5 years of age.
The cases were managed with fluids, antiemetics, anti ulcer drugs, antibiotics, treatment for
uremic gastritis and correcting the serological abnormalities and other complications of the
chronic renal failure along with dietary management. The efficiency of the treatment was
analyzed by the clinical improvement, hematological and serological evaluation. The successful
rate and outcomes of the various management modalities were discussed.
Key words: Dogs- Chronic Renal failure – Therapeutic Management
4.34 CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS IN A LABRADOR BITCH: A CLINICAL REPORT ON A RARE
CASE
Selvaraj, P, Jeyaraja, K, Umesh, C, G, Balagangathara Thilagar, M, Nambi, A, P and
Prathaban, S.
Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai-7.
Liver Disorders are one of the major challenges in small animal practice. While hepatic
parenchymal diseases are common, disorders of gall bladder and biliary tree are uncommon in
dogs. A rare case of cholecystolithiasis in a Labrador dog and its clinical presentation and
outcome was recorded. A six year old intact female Labrador retriever dog was presented to the
Small Animal Medical Outpatient Clinic of the Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, with
the history of anorexia, vomiting, difficulty in walking, clay colored faeces , dark brownish urine
and panting. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination of the dog documented a normal liver and
kidney architecture; however in the gall bladder, there was a hyper echoic mass with sludge
measuring around two centimeter in diameter, confirmed the presence of Cholecystolith. The
treatment of the animal and its successful outcome will be discussed.
Key words: Canine - Liver – Ultrasonography – Cholecystolith
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4.35 DETECTION OF MICROALBUMIN IN URINE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL FAILURE IN
DOGS
Kavitha, K. Yathiraj, S. Ansar Kamran, C. Narayana Bhat, M. and Ramachandra S.G.
KVAFSU, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024
A study was undertaken to determine microalbumin in the urine. For this purpose, a total
of 80 dogs were investigated. Urine sample was collected using sterile catheter in to sterile vials
and were subjected for estimation of microalbumin by using commercially available human kit by
turbidometric immunoassay method. Out 0f 80 cases, 9 cases had albumin level in urine <1
mg/dl, 54 cases had 1-30 mg/dl (microalbuminuria) and 17 cases had > 30 mg/dl (overt
albuminuria). In the present study out of 10 healthy animals, 6 cases had microalbuminuria. Out
of 60 cases suspected for renal failure 46 cases had microalbuminuria and in 10 confirmed renal
failure cases 2 cases had microalbuminuria. Thus the results indicate that determination of
microalbuminuria may not be a confirmatory indicator of renal failure in dogs in view of the fact
that microalbuminuria have been observed in healthy animals.
Key words: microalbuminuria , renal failure, overt albuminuria
4.36 MANAGEMENT OF EPISTAXIS IN DOG-A CASE REPORT
S.J.Dhule and R.K.Patil
Veterinary Dispensary, Shegaon (C.Rly) Dist-Buldhana
Maharashtra-444203
Epistaxis is a common morbid condition in dogs due to varied aetiology. A four year old
Alsatian dog was presented for bilateral nasal bleeding with fresh and clotted blood at
Veterinary Dispensary, Shegaon (C.Rly) Dist-Buldhana. On clinical examination animal did not
revealed any parasite, tumor or ulceration in the nasal cavity. The environmental temperature is
not hot. Body temperature and respiration were within normal range. Heart and pulse rate were
also in normal range.
The animal was treated with inj.carbazochrome (2ml im for 2 days),inj ceftriaxone
sodium(500mg im for 3days),inj vitamin k (1ml im for 2days) and inj. B-complex(1ml im for
3days).Local application of ice pack on nostrils and forehead.On next day animal was also given
inj diminazine aceuturate(2ml im) and inj calcium sandoze(10ml iv).The animal was recovered
with above therapy on third day.
4.37 AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN DOGS IN
BANGALORE
Vidhya.M.Kanthi and H.A.Upendra
Veterinary College, Hebbal, KVAFSU, Bangalore
Karnataka.
A total of 250 dogs presented to Veterinary College Hospital, Hebbal, Bangalore and
other Veterinary Hospitals in Bangalore city were selected randomly and analysed for
gastrointestinal parasites by employing flotation method. Overall prevalence of gastrointestinal
parasites was 62.4 % and six species of parasites were revealed. Prevalence of Ancylostoma
caninum eggs (46%) was predominant followed by Toxocara canis eggs (19.6 %) and Isospora
canis (17.6%). However Diphylidium caninum (4.4%), Diphylobothrium latum (3.6%) and
Spirocerca lupi (3.2%) were present at the very low frequency. 51.1 % of dogs had single
parasitic infestation and 48.72% of dogs had mixed parasitic infestation. Prevalence of
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gastrointestinal parasitic infection in pet and stray dogs was 38 % and 96 % indicating higher
prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites
was highest in puppies aged less than 7 months and prevalence was found to decrease with
age. Higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was noticed in Non-descript dogs (32.17%)
than pure bred dogs namely Laborador Retriever (18.26%) and Spitz (15.65%). Higher
prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was seen in female (53.85%) than in male dogs
(46.16%).
4.38 KIDNEY FAILURE AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY DIALYSIS.
Dr. S. Haque and Mritunjay kumar
Department of Internal veterinary Medicine
Al fateh University, Libya.
Kidney failure is always life threatening unless it is treated by dialysis. Kidney is a vital
organ of the body and it stop functioning till its 15% of working capacity. When 75% or more of
nephrons population become non-functional then only kidney stop functioning. Twenty clinical
cases of acute renal failure (ARF) were divided into four groups i.e. T1, T2, T3 and T4. Each
group consisted of five dogs. Group T1 was treated with dialysis fluid (dialysate) through
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with four consecutive exchanges per day with
a dwell time of 1 hour along with fluid therapy. Group T2 was treated with dialysis fluid (dialysate)
through CAPD with three consecutive exchanges per day with a dwell time of 2 hours along with
fluid therapy. GroupT3 was treated with dialysis fluid through CAPD with two consecutive
exchanges per day with a dwell time of 4 hours along with fluid therapy. Group T4 was
maintained as untreated control group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Serum creatinine and Serum
enzyme (UGGT) was estimated as per standard method. Along with this other parameters were
also studied. In group T1 BUN gone down from 102.36±6.46 mg% to 21.60±0.23mg% after
dialysis which is very much within the normal range. The serum creatinine level, a most vital
biochemical value which is always increased in kidney failure, reduced from a high level of
6.00±0.59mg% to o.91±0.05 mg% in group T1 after dialysis. In group T2 BUN decreased from a
level of 100.90±5.32 mg% to 24.58±1.20mg%. While serum creatinine reduced from a high level
of 6.06±1.05mg% to 1.05±0.07mg% after dialysis. In group T3 BUN was 103.6mg% and serum
creatinine was 6mg% before dialysis which was reduced to 21.78±0.79 mg% and 0.90±0.06
mg% respectively after dialysis. In T3 group UGGT value was 263.04±30.23 which came down
to 16.oo±4.32, almost normal value, after dialysis. Other haematological and biochemical values
returned back to normal range after dialysis.
4.39 PREVALENCE OF CANINE PARVO VIRUS INFECTION IN AND AROUND JAMMU
V.S.Wazir, S.K.Gupta, R.K.Bhardwaj, A.K.Taku, J.S.Soodan, S.K.Kotwal, R.Singh and V.P.Singh
Incidence of Canine Parvovirus infection in and around Jammu area was studied from
July, 2008 to June 2009. Out of 1148 cases presented in University and pet clinics around
Jammu, 158 were diarrheic. Eighty two cases were confirmed as Parvovirus gastroenteritis by
HA, HI and finally by PCR. Overall prevalence of CPV was found to be 6.93 percent. Among
diarrheic cases 51.9 percent were CPV positive. Haemaggultination, HI & PCR tests showed
positivity of 29.11, 24.68 & 51.6 percent, respectively for CPV. Prevalence was higher in 3-6
months age group followed by 0-3 and > 6 months age. Male dogs had higher prevalence as
compared to female dogs. Non-descript breed showed higher prevalence followed by Labrador,
German shepherd, Pomeranian, Doberman and Bakerwali.
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4.40 CLINICO-HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN CPV GASTROENTERITIS IN
CANINES.
On the basis of clinical scores, two groups of dogs (10 each) suffering from moderate and
severe CPV gastroenteritis (confirmed by PCR) were analyzed for clinco-hematobiochemical
alterations which were compared with 10 healthy control dogs. Hematological examination
revealed significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC and TLC. Neturophilia, lymphopenia and
thrombocytopenia was observed in moderate and severe CPV gastroenteritis cases. Serum
sodium, potassium, chloride and albumin were significantly low in affected dogs. Serum enzymes
AST, ALT, ALP and CPK showed non-significant increase compared to healthy control dogs.
4.41 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CPV GASTROENTERITIS IN CANINES.
Therapeutic management of CPV gastroenteritis was investigated in four groups of dogs
(20 cases each) wherein, four different treatments were undertaken. Group-1 dogs were treated
with Parvo-K, antibiotic, rehydration therapy + supportive therapy, group -2 dogs with Parvo-K,
antibiotic, rehydration therapy , group -3 dogs with (conventional therapy) antibiotic, rehydration
therapy, supportive therapy, group -4 dogs with Parvo-K, rehydration therapy. Blood samples
were collected on 0, 5th & 10th day of treatment for analysis of hemato-biochemical parameters.
Ranking based on clinical score on 5th day of treatment placed group-1 & group-2 at 1st and 2nd
rank as percent recovery was 75 and 35 percent, respectively. Group-3 & 4 treatments were not
effective as 5 and 10 percent mortality were recorded, respectively. Therefore, Group-1
treatment is recommended to control and manage the infection. It was concluded from the study
that Parvo-k (homeo-herbal medicine) was effective in decreasing frequency of vomition and
diarrhea in CPV affected dogs and hence increase the chance of recovery.
4.42 CYPERMETHRIN TOXICITY IN DOG: A CASE REPORT
A male non descriptive dog, aged 6 years weighing 15 kg was presented to Dispensary,
Aroodi, Doddaballapur taluk, Bangalore (R D), with complaint of discharge from eyes and
salivation. History revealed that the instead of application of cypermethrin (Cisaflux shampoo) on
body, erroneously owner drenches tea spoon of cypermethrin orally an hour before. Clinical
examination revealed increased heart rate and respiratory rate with mild increase in body
temperature. The dog was treated with Injection Atropine @ 0.05 mg/kg BW along with 500 ml
dextrose normal saline intravenously and also dexamethasone sodium @0.5 mg/kg BW was
given intramuscularly. The dog had uneventful recovery in 3 hours post treatment.
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4.43 CONCURRENT DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A SPITZ
P.Vijayalakshmi, P.Selvaraj, D.Chandrasekaran, K.Padmanath, P.Thirunavukkarasu and A. P.
Nambi
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai- 605 007
A six year old male Spitz was brought with the history of inappetance, losing body
condition, vomiting and high coloured urine. Clinical examination revealed acetone odour in
breath, lethargy, depression, dehydration and unkempt hair coat. Temperature was 39.7° C,
heart rate -174 beats per minute and respiratory rate was 48 / min, severe icterus of conjunctival
and oral mucosa, loss of skin turgor, sunken eye balls, capillary refill time of more than 3
seconds and moderate pain on palpation of abdomen.
Haematology showed normal values (Hb- 12.5g %, PCV - 32.7%, RBC- 5.16 X 106/cmm,
WBC- 15,600/cmm) on the day of visit but showed a decreasing trend on the fifth day of therapy
(Hb - 4.8g %, PCV – 14.1%, RBC- 1.77X 106/cmm) and with an elevated WBC count of
30,600/cmm). Serum chemistry showed blood glucose of 412mg/dl, total and direct bilirubin of
5.75mg/dl and 3.45mg/dl respectively, ALT- 255.8U/L, SAP- 1539U/L and triglycerides983.2mg/dl. Serum for microscopic agglutination test revealed reacting Leptospira serovar of 1
in 800 for Leptospira australis. Routine urinalysis revealed ketone bodies (+ + +) and glucose (+
+ +) on the day of visit but ketone bodies were found absent after start of treatment. Serum
osmolality was with in limits (299 mOsm/L) and blood pH of 7.18. The dog was treated with with
Normal Saline @ 70 ml/kg body weight i. v along with Inj. Regular Insulin @ the initial loading
dose of 0.2 U/kg continuous rate infusion with follow-up doses of 0.1 U/kg from the next day, Inj
Amoxicillin- Cloxacillin @ 20 mg/kg body weight i.v b.i.d and Pottassium chloride liquid 5 ml p.o
once daily for 3 days. Even after rigororous therapy the animal succumbed on the fifth day of
treatment with no decline in blood glucose, serum bilirubin levels, and with development of
severe anemia. The case is discussed in detail.
4.44 MANAGEMENT OF PODODERMATITIS WITH CALENDULA OINTMENT IN A DOG
Shiju Simon, M
Simon Pet Speciality Clinic
No. 1, Subramaniam Street, Krishnamurthy Nagar, Chennai – 118.
A two year old female Labrador weighing 21 kg was presented with the history of wound
on both fore and hind limb paws. On clinical examination the animal was apparently healthy and
it was unable to walk due to pain. It was treated locally for three months, but no improvement
was reported. Initially the wound was covered with sterile gauze and the hairs around was
trimmed and cleaned with Ringer lactate fluid. The wound was dried and calendula ointment
(Homoeopathic medicine) was applied and Nebasulf powder (neomycin-Bacitracin
Sulphacetamide) was dusted on interdigital space. Cotton was placed at the interdigital space
and bandage applied. Injection Taxim 250mg (Cefotaxime Sodium), Avil 1ml (Pheniramine
Maleate) was administered intravenously and intramuscularly for five days. Weekly Vitamin A
injection was also administered intramuscularly for three times. Four days once the bandage was
removed and reapplied. The condition improved gradually, on twenty fifth day the animal had
complete recovery and the details will be discussed.
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4.45 CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR – DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT – A
CASE REPORT
Sunita Choudhary, Upendra, H. A., Anu Bagga, and Ravindranath, B.M
Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor is a sexually transmitted disease affects the
external genitalia. As it is usually transmitted during coitus, it mainly occurs in young, sexually
mature animals.
A Great Dane male dog of 4 years was presented to Dept. of Teaching Veterinary Clinical
Service Complex, Yelahanka, Bangalore, with the history of a growth on prepuce which was
increasing in size. Pet had history of mating a month back. On clinical examination cauliflower
like growth was present on prepuce. Diagnosis was done by taking impression smear and
subjected to cytology examination. Smear was stained with Giemsa’s stain showed round cells
having a large, highly basophilic nucleus with a prominent, highly basophilic nucleolus. These
findings further confirmed transmissible venereal tumor.
Treatment was done with vincristine [email protected]/kg body weight I/V with 20ml of
normal saline. Four injections of vincristine sulphate were given through slow I/V route at weekly
intervals. Bleeding was stopped after first injection. The response to treatment was evaluated on
the basis of regression of the growth and there was complete regression after fourth dose of
vincristine sulphate injection. During whole treatment no side effect of vincristine was recorded.
4.46 ORAL IVERMECTIN EFFECT IN ADULT ONSET GENERALIZED DEMODICOSIS
Sunita Choudhary, Upendra, H. A., Anu Bagga and Ravindranath, B.M.
The Adult onset generalized demodicosis is more difficult to treat than juvenile
demodicosis. It is rare, but when it occurs, it can be a serious problem.
A female German shepherd of four years age was presented to Dept. of Teaching
Veterinary Service Complex with history of skin problem of alopecia, pruritus and pyoderma on
the body. On skin scrapping from various regions of lesion Demodex canis mite, its larval stage
and eggs were demonstrated. It was considered to be generalized demodicosis since more than
five localized lesions were involved. Animal was also having secondary pyoderma. Pet was in
estrus which could be the cause for immunosupression leading to excessive proliferation of the
mite within the hair follicles.
Pet was first treated with application of 12.5% amitraz solution with dilution of 3ml in a
liter of water and oral antibiotic tablet cephalexein 500mg bid. After 15 days there was no
improvement. Then oral administration of ivermectin, 0.5 mg/kg of body weight given once every
24 hour was started. After 15 days there was regression of lesion. Owner was advised to
continue tablet for two weeks after negative scrapings. Pet was fully recovered after four weeks.
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4.47 MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOMYOPATHY IN DOGS – A STUDY FOR 2 YEARS (20082010)
K. Satish Kumar, D. Srikala, P. Nagaraj, S. Ayodhya, V.V.V. Amruth Kumar and D. S. Tirumala
Rao
College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar
Out of a total of 604 dogs of various breed, sex and age that were presented with the
signs suggestive of cardio-vascular disorders such as, exercise intolerance, dyspnoea at rest,
cough, generalised weakness, pedal and generalised edema, 186 were diagnosed for various
cardiac disorders. All these dogs were subjected for hemato-biochemical analyses,
electrocardiography, radiography and echocardiography. No significant difference was noticed
with haematological parameters but a significantly (P<0.01) increased activity of CKMB, CKNac,
LDH and ALP enzymes were recorded. Based on 2-d echocardiography and Doppler studies, 94
dogs were diagnosed for cardiomyopathy (DCM and HCM). The DCM dogs were treated with
ramipril, levo-carnitine and frusemide (S.O.S). Whereas, the HCM dogs were treated with
enalapril, diltiazem, levo-carnitine and furosemide (S.O.S). The therapy was continued for a
minimum of 3 months to a maximum 10 months. Biochemical and echocardiographic parameters
were evaluated at 60 days interval during the course of therapy. The details are discussed.
4.48 A CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDY ON LEPTOSPIROSIS IN A DOG
Riyas, M.A., Shenin, P.M. and K. Vijayakumar
College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala
A detailed investigation was performed in an unvaccinated male five year old Rottweiler
dog presented with icterus and haematuria at University Veterinary Hospital, Mannuthy. On
clinical examination, mucous membrane was found to be icteric, temperature was above 103 oC
and animal was in recumbent stage. On MAT, the dog was found to be seropositive for
leptospiral antibodies. Haematology revealed animal was anaemic and with severe leucocytosis.
Serum biochemistry showed slight elevation in creatinine, increased levels of total bilirubin and
ALT. On abdominal ultrasound evaluation, discrete hyper echoic areas were noted on liver and
no abnormality could be detected on both kidneys. Urine specific gravity was in normal range
and with proteinuria. Animal was treated with benzyl penicillin injections and supportive therapy,
but succumbed to death on next day. The details of clinical examination, haematological,
biochemical, ultrasound evaluation are discussed.
4.49 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTI- INFLAMMATORY DRUG IN DOGS
College of Veterinary Sci. & A.H., Mhow, M.P. – 453 446
To evaluate the efficacy of Aurvedic anti-inflammatory drug, 18 healthy mongrel dogs
aged 1-2 years divided in to 3 equal groups Group-A, Group-B and Group-C. Group-C was kept
as control.
Two separate models were employed for studying the activity of drug against acute and
chronic inflammation. The acute inflammation was induced by 0.05 ml of turpentine oil
subcutaneously (s/c) in the space surrounded by callosities of right hind paw of each dog in
group A. The drug was administered @ 1 capsule (containing prajanya 90 mg, Nishakhya 200
75
mg, Kilim Oil 80 mg, Trikatu 30 mg) orally half an hour before turpentine oil injection. The volume
of paw edema was determined at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th hour after turpentine oil injection. The
paw volume (ml) measured did not reveal significant anti-inflammatory activity of drug against
acute inflammation.
The chronic inflammation was induced by cotton pellet (50 mg) implant in groin region of
all dogs for 10 days. The drug was administered @ 1 capsule (containing prajanya 90 mg,
Nishakhya 200 mg, Kilim Oil 80 mg, Trikatu 30 mg) twice a day for 10 days. The weight of
granulation tissue was calculated, after removing the cotton pellets on the eleventh day, by
subtracting the original weight of cotton pellet. Again all values were compared with the control
group. The drug showed high efficacy against chronic inflammation and it may be attributed by
the chemical ingredient of medicinal plant, especially Berberis aristata,Curcuma longa, Cnidium
Monnieri, Piper nigrum.
The results of present investigation revealed that the herbal drug is highly effective
against chronic inflammation as compared to acute inflammation in dogs.
4.50 CLINICO-HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES AFTER LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF
NSAIDS IN DOGS
College of Veterinary Sci. & A.H., Mhow, M.P. – 453 446
24 healthy mongrel dogs aged 1-2 years were divided in to 4 equal groups- A, B, C and
D. Group A was treated with aspirin @100 mg/kg b. wt orally. Group- B was treated with
Ibuprofen @10 mg/kg b. wt orally. Group- C was treated with Nimesulide @05 mg/kg b. wt orally.
Group- D was kept as control. All the drugs were administered once daily for 10 days. A 5 ml
blood was collected on 11th day from all dogs. Values were compared with control group.
The clinical sign recorded were vomiting, diarrhea, depression, dehydration and anorexia
in aspirin and Ibuprofen treated groups. These finding may be attributed to the effect of NSAIDs
on gastrointestinal mucosa. The drugs tested did not produce any significant changes in the total
erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, total plasma protein,
platelet count and erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)when compared to the control group.
A significant reduction in Hb concentration and PCV % was recorded in the Aspirin
treated group. Other drugs did not produce any significant changes in the Hb conc. and PCV %.
The clotting time was significantly reduced in the groups treated with Ibuprofen, whereas it was
increased in Aspirin treated group. There was increase in respiration and pulse rate in Aspirin
treated group. It is concluded that the Nimesulide treated group did not reveal any untoward
effect significantly.
4.51 FELINE SCABIES- A CASE REPORT
Suresh Patel, R., Ganesh Udupa, K. and Poonam Vishwakarma,
Twenty one cats were presented to the Medicine unit of Teaching Veterinary Clinical
Complex, Veterinary College, Shimoga, Karnataka with the complaint of intense itching over the
whole body since last 3 months and their food and water intake were normal. All the cats were of
age group 2-2½ years. On clinical examination, there was erythema, numerous focal to diffused
alopatic patches and crust formation present over the face, ear pinna, flank, lower abdomen and
tail region variably in all cats. On skin scraping examination, it was revealed positive for plenty of
Notodoerus cati adult mites as well as eggs. All the cats were treated with 0.05 ml ivermectin
(Neomec; Intas Pharmaceuricals, Ahmedabad) subcutaneously at the dose rate of 200
microgram/ kg body weight. In addition, Nutricoat Advance syrup 400gm (Petcare, Tetragon
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Chemie Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore) was adminstered @ 2.5 ml bid to all cats. After 13 days of the
treatment, the recovery of all the cats was appreciable as itching and erythema was completely
subsided and slight hair regrowth started.
4.52 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE STOMATITIS- A CASE REPORT
Poonam Vishwakarma, Ganesh Udupa, K., Suresh Patel, R., and Anju Eliz Ben
A male Spitz aged 5½ yrs was presented to the Medicine unit of Teaching Veterinary
Clinical Complex, Veterinary College, Shivamoga, Karnataka with the history of inappetance,
dullness, excessive salivation and mild diarrhoea since last 2 days. On clinical examination, it
was revealed that dog was having 104.80F temperature and the presence of slimy salivation on
either side of oral commisure. Intense halitosis was also present. The condition was tentatively
diagnosed as stomatitis and was treated with antibiotic Doxycycline @ 5mg/kg b.wt. (Tab Doxt)
bid for 7 days. As supportive therapy, Melonex Oral suspension, 10 ml (Intas Pharmaceuticals,
Ahmedabad) @ 2 drops bid for 3 days and Proviboost syrup 200ml (Petcare; Tetragon chemie
Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore) @ 10 ml bid orally was administered. On next review after 7 days, the dog
was found to be fully active; halitosis was completely subsided as well as salivation was absent
thus indicating remarkable clinical improvement.
4.53 CHOCOLATE POISONING IN A DOG – A CASE REPORT
College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati- 517501.
Two and half years old pug was brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex with
the history of salivation, vomition and the animal had consumed excess amount of chocolate
twelve hours ago. On clinical examination, the animal had salivation, vomiting, diarrhea,
restlessness and hyperactivity. Based on history and clinical signs the animal was diagnosed as
chocolate poisoning and treated symptomatically with Inj. DNS 150 ml I/V, Inj.Intamox 200 mg
i/v, Inj.Ranitidine 15mg,i/m for five days and activated charcoal one teaspoon orally for the first
day. After five days of treatment the animal recovered uneventfully.
4.54 ACUTE GASTRITIS DUE TO GASTRIC FOREIGN BODY – A CASE REPORT
Sunil kumar.K.M., Anjaneya. S.N., Nagaraj.K.M.,
Dept of Animal husbandry and Veterinary Services
Shikaripur – 577427, Karnataka state
Pomeranian dog aged about 6 month age was presented to clinic with a complaint of
acute vomiting and anorexia. upon examination of animal it was dehydrated and no rise in
temperature. But evinces pain upon palpating the abdomen. It was diagnosed as a acute gastritis
and treated with 5 % DNS 10 ml/kg body wt. Rantac 0.5 mg/ kg B.wt. Perinorm 0.5 mg/ kg for a
day. It not responded for a treatment and died. On post mortum examination sharp stone and
needles are found in the stomach which lead to acute gastric bleeding and death of animal.
It can be concluded that puppy are habit of voracious eating and may eat inanimate
objects. Which may lead to death of animal.
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4.55 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF GASTRIC UPSET DUE TO MEAT USING ZYMOPET
® - A CASE REPORT
Sunil kumar.K.M., Anjaneya. S.N., Nagaraj.K.M.
Dept of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services
Shikaripur – 577427, Karnataka state
One year old labarador brought to clinic with complaint of loss of apatite, lethargy and
dehydration. On physical examination of animal found that no rise in temperature on abdominal
palpation it was full and evinces pain and also flatulence, abdominal distention was observed. By
anomalies ( history) we found that dog has over eaten chicken meat last night which lead to
gastric upset and gastritis.
The dog was treated with rantac ® (ranitidine) 0.5 mg/kg Bwt IM. Tribivet ® 0.5 ml IM.
(vitamin B1, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12) and Zymopet ® 1.5 ml BID for 3 days. The dog was
recovered in 12-24 hours.
It was concluded that zymopet® is essential for dogs after meat meal or heavy
commercial food as it contains α – amylase, papain, cinnamon oil, cardamom oil,caraway oil, dill
oil, fennel oil,which is antispasmodic, antiflatulent, stomachic and carminative.
4.56 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC MALASSEZIA PACHYDERMATITIS IN A
GERMAN SHEPHARD DOG- A CASE REPORT
Korsapati Lakshmi, Ambica and D.S.Tirumala Rao
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad-500030,Andhra Pradesh
A six year old emaciated German Shephard dog was presented with the problem of
itching, ear scartching since 3 months, The history reaveled normal apetite, regular deworming
and vaccination status. Upon clinical examination the dog had intense pruritus, greasy alopecia,
scales, hyperpigmentation at the axilla, inguinal region, medical surface of limbs, ears with musty
odour and lichenification. Temperature, pulse and respiration were within the normal limits. Tape
Impression smears were collected and stained with methylene blue revealed several peanut
shaped Malassezia pachydermatitis. The case was treated with topical micodin shampoo (2%
miconozole nitrate+2% Chlorhexidene gluconate) and systemtic Ketoconazole @5mg/ kg bid
orallyfor 2 weeks. Clinical Improvement was evident after 14 days and the owner was adviced to
stop systemic therapy and continue topical application.
4.57 A CASE REPORT OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN A GREAT DANE DOG
Korsapati Lakshmi, P.Kalyani Ambica and D.S.Tirumala Rao
Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad-500030, Andhra Pradesh
A three years old male great dane dog was presented with a history of lethargy, anorexia,
vomitions, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and hindlimb weakness since 2 months. The dog was
treated symptomatically by a private vet, which was later referred to to the campus veterinary
hospital Rajendranagar. Clinically the dog was dehydrated with rapid deep breath, loss of vision,
fruity breath odour. Clinical examination revealed high temperature, feeble pulse, laboured
respiration. Laboratory findings revealed hyperglycemia glucosuria, ketonuria. The dog was
treated with regular insulin shots and 0.9% normal saline. Inspite of therapy the dog died .The
details will be discussed.
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4.58 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF ATRIO VENTRICULAR DISSOCIATION AND
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A DOG
Ajithkumar.S, Biju P. Habeeb, Ashwin Jayarajan and Alex P.C.
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine
Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala
Ventricular premature complexes are the most commonly recognized dysrrhythmia in
Veterinary Practice. A nine year old male Dachshund dog was brought to the University
Veterinary Hospital,Thrissur,Kerala, with the complaint of inappetence, lethargy and diarrhoea.
The routine diagnostic tests like the peripheral wet film, blood smear and faecal sample
examinations were negative. Clinical examination revealed a normal rectal temperature of 102 ˚F,
congested mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, heart rate of 120/minute along
with a weak femoral pulse and pulse deficit (110/minute). Electrocardiography (paper speed
25mm/sec. and one sensitivity) revealed the presence of an accrochage type of atrio-ventricular
dissociation, ventricular tachycardia along with indications of right atrial and left ventricular
enlargements. Plain radiography of chest confirmed the enlargement of heart indicating the
presence of cardiomyopathy. A routine haematological and serum biochemical analysis showed
leucocytosis (33200/mm3) and elevated creatinine kinase(337 IU/L).
The animal was treated with Propranolol @ 0.2mg/Kg, PO, BID, L-carnitine @
50mg/Kg,BID,PO,
[email protected]/Kg,BID,
PO,
Ceftriaxone-Tazobactum@20mg/Kg
intravenously, and Dextrose solution 5% @10ml/Kg intravenously . The ECG after two days
showed disappearance of arrhythmia and restoration of normal sinus rhythm and P-R intervals.
There was considerable reduction in the heart rate (65/minute). The dog showed tremendous
improvement in clinical condition. Parenteral antibiotic was continued for four more days. Blood
picture was almost normal on the fifth day. A third ECG taken after three weeks did not show any
arrhythmia. Advised to discontinue Propranolol after tapering the dose and to continue Enalapril
and L-carnitine as life long medication. Follow up enquiry after one month revealed that the
animal was apparently normal after therapy.
Atrio-ventricular dissociation with accrochage is a form of ventricular tachycardia in which
the P waves move into and out of the QRS complexes without maintaining normal P-R intervals.
Elevation of creatinine kinase,indicated myocardial damage. Propranolol, a β – blocker was used
orally to treat ventricular tachycardia and atrio-ventricular dissociation in the present case. So
propranolol orally can be effectively used to tackle less severe cases of ventricular tachycardia in
field conditions. Enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor was given to reduce
preload and afterload and to increase the stroke volume of heart during cardiac insufficiency. L –
Carnitine deficiency is attributed as one of the reasons for cardiomyopathy and treatment with
this will hasten the recovery.
4.59 PRIMARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM IN A MONGREL MALE DOG
Department of Veterinary Surgery
Department of Livestock Production and Management
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- 141 004
Diagnosis of Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s diseases) poses a great challenge due to
low incidence and vague clinical signs. The present report describes a case of Addison’ disease
in a 3.5 years old male mongrel dog presented with a week old complaint of vomition, mild
diarrheoa and profound weakness. At the time of presentation, dog had subnormal rectal
temperature and heart rate. Treatment with intravenous fluid antibiotics, antacid, antiemetic and
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multivitamin supplements further deteriorated the condition. The next day, animal was presented
in a comatose state with heart rate 48 beats per minute and severe bradyarrhythmia.
Electrocaradiogram revealed absence of P wave and increased QRS interval. Serum
biochemical parameters revealed hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, altered Na:K ratio, and increased
ALT, creatinine, BUN, GGT and AKLP values. Serum cortisole level was lowered, while TSH and
T3 levels were increased, while T4 was within normal range. Based upon clinical signs,
biochemical reports and ECG findings, diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism associated with
secondary renal and hepatic function impairment was given. The dose rate of Fluodrocortisone
@13µg/ kg body weight twice daily was titrated effective in the present case. Marked
improvement in clinical condition, activity and attitude of the dog was observed. The rectal
temperature, heart rate and ECG findings returned towards normal limits. Level of all enzymes
related to kidney and liver functions were within the normal range. Increase in cortisole level was
evident, but it was still below normal level. T3 and TSH levels decreased while T4 was still within
the normal range.
4.60 A CASE STUDY OF SPLEENOMEGALY AND HEPATITIS IN LABRADOR DOG
N. G. Patel, R.G. Jani, T.B. Shukla, S.V.Parmar, S. M. Patel
A 3 year old female Labrador with persistent vomiting, anorexic for the past 6 days was
presented to clinic. Ultrasonographic, radiographic and biochemical investigation revealed
hepatitis and spleenomegaly. The case was managed by hepatostimulant and protective drug,
H2 blocker, ursodeoxicolic acid and other supportive therapy. Due to proper management and
treatment recovery of the case was observed after a month. The detail of the clinical
management is presented.
4.61 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF A CLINICAL CASE OF CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS
Dr. Remya Raveendran and Dr. K.Vijayakumar
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur.
A nine month old female Lhasa Apso dog weighing 5 kg was presented in the University
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kokkalai with the history of reduced food intake and yellowish
discolouration of urine and faeces. On primary clinical examination of the animal, slight elevation
of temperature was noticed but the respiration rate and pulse rate were normal. The mucous
membrane was pale and the popliteal lymph nodes were enlarged. Giemsa stained blood smear
revealed morula of Ehrlichia in monocytes. Detailed haematological and serum biochemical
estimation were carried out. The animal was treated with Oxytetracyclin @10 mg/kg body weight
for 5 days followed by Doxycycline @ 5mg/kg body weight and the animal responded well to the
treatment. The details of haematological and biochemical investigations are discussed.
4.62 EVALUATION OF BLOOD MINERALS, VITAMINS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS INDICES
IN DOGS WITH MYCOTIC DERMATITIS
S. Beigh, J. S. Soodan, S.Rajiv and R.Raina
The present study was aimed to examine the mineral status and the oxidative stress
indices in dogs with mycotic dermatitis. For the present study 30 dogs, 6 healthy control and 24
dogs with mycotic dermatitis, irrespective of sex was selected. Fungal stain and fungal culture
were used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes of skin lesions. The blood samples
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were taken for estimation of oxidative stress indices along with zinc, iron, copper, vitamin A and
vitamin C. In comparison to healthy control, super oxide dismutase and lipid peroxidase were
significantly decreased (p <0.01) and catalase was significantly decreased (p<0.01) in dogs with
fungal dermatitis. Zinc, copper, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C were significantly decreased
(p<0.05) in dogs with mycotic dermatitis as compared to healthy control. Decreased anti-oxidant
action and trace minerals along with vitamins suggest that mycotic dermatitis is associated with
compromise in anti-oxidant defense and oxidative stress and supplementation with antioxidants
like zinc, copper or vitamin A may prove beneficial in management of canine mycotic dermatitis.
Keywords: minerals, vitamins, oxiative stress and mycotic dermatitis.
4.63 EVALUATION OF ZINC, COPPER AND VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION ALONG WITH
KETOCONAZOLE IN DOGS WITH MYCOTIC DERMATITIS
S. Beigh,J. S. Soodan, S.Rajiv, A.Tikko and S.Gagandeep
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc (as zinc sulphate), copper (as
copper glycinate) and vitamin A supplementation along with ketoconazole in dogs with mycotic
dermatitis. For the present study a total of 24 dogs with mycotic dermatitis were divided in four
groups each with 6 dogs. Group A was treated with ketoconazole (10mg/kg) only, group B with
ketoconazole and zinc sulphate (10mg/kg), group C with ketoconazole and copper gycinate
(10mg as 0.1%solution) and group D with ketoconazole and vitamin A (6000IU/kg). Blood
samples was analyzed for biochemical parameters, mineral, vitamin and oxidative stress status
before and 14 days after treatment. The biochemical parameters viz-a-viz globulin, blood glucose
and cholesterol was more significantly improved (p<0.05) in group B and D as compared to
group A and C. Group B and D shows more improvement in zinc, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C
status as compared to other two groups. Among the oxidative stress indices more improvement
(p<0.01) was found on group B and B as compared to Group A and C. From the present study
we conclude supplementing ketoconazole with zinc of vitamin A in treatment of mycotic
dermatitis is more effective as compared to ketoconazole only.
Keywords: Ketoconazole, minerals, vitamins, oxidative stress, biochemical and mycotic
dermatitis.
4.64 CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN COMPANION ANIMALS AND ITS MANAGEMENT
G.D. Singh, Jasmeet Singh, A.C. Saxena, S.U. Nabi, Amarpal, P. Kinjavdekar and A.M. Pawde
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122
Renal failure is one of the common diseases encountered in dogs and is considered to be
the major cause of death particularly in geriatric patients. This clinical condition in multifactorial in
origin ranging from infectious agents, metabolic disorders, nephrotoxic agents, cardiovascular
diseases etc. but the ultimate effect comes as renal failure. Various drugs and therapeutic
modalities have been used in clinical practice to overcome this condition with variable degree of
success rate. Peritoneal dialysis remains to be the most commonly used means for removal of
uremic toxins from body. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of peritoneal
dialysis in clinical cases of chronic renal failure in canine patients presented to Referral
Veterinary Polyclinic with the complaint of severe vomiting, dehydration, ammonical odour from
mouth, oral ulceration etc. Anamnesis regarding the age, sex, breeds, treatment already given
etc. was taken carefully and evaluated accordingly. Hematobiochemical examination revealed
significantly increased values of serum urea and creatinine which were suggestive of chronic
renal failure. All the animals were given aggressive fluid therapy along with antiemetic, dopamine
(10µg/ kg body wt.) through intravenous route. A Foley’s catheter was introduced into abdominal
cavity under local infiltration analgesia followed by infusion of commercially available peritoneal
dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Dwelling time of around 60 minutes was done and the
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dialysate was removed afterwards. The process was carried out twice daily for a period of 7- 10
days. The results of the present study indicated that peritoneal dialysis significantly led to
amelioration of the chronic renal failure condition leading to clearance of uremic toxins from body
in the clinical cases. The details of various cases will be discussed at length in the paper.
4.65 CLINICAL PROPAEDEUTICS OF RENAL FAILURE IN DOGS
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam GoAnusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001 (U.P)
Clinical propaedeutics are one of the most vital parameters which not only tell the current
status of a case but along with history and laboratory techniques helps in diagnosis of clinical
disease. The present study was conducted with a primary aim to access the vital clinical signs
which are associated with renal failure in dogs. The study was conducted on 24 cases of renal
failure which were presented to teaching veterinary clinical complex, DUVASU, Mathura. The
most striking clinical findings in dogs suffering from renal failure were vomiting, which was
observed in 87.5% cases along with anorexia in 75%, melaena in 70.83%, oliguria in 66.66%
and dehydration in 50% of clinical cases. Other important clinical finding which may be
associated with renal failure are increased pulse rate which was recorded in 50% cases followed
by hypothermia in 45.83%, along with dyspnoea and uraemic breath in 41.66% of clinical
cases. Ulceration on the tongue and gum (uraemic stomatitis), hematemesis, arterial
hypertension and profound depression with progressive weight loss were observed in 33.33% of
cases followed by anemia, paleness of mucous membrane, epistaxis and polydipsia which were
present in 25% of clinical cases with renal failure.
4.66 SCOPE AND USE OF ULTRA SONOGRAPHY AS A COMPLEMENTARY METHOD IN
DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL DISEASES IN CANINES
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam GoAnusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001 (U.P)
The study material was composed of 18 apparently healthy dogs and 12 dogs
irrespective of age, breed and sex. The values of length, width and cortical thickness for right
kidney of healthy and renal failure dogs were (51.23 + 1.55, 31.58 +1.06, 7.85 +0.29) and (55.38
+ 2.77, 30.07 +2.05, 8.08 + 0.31) respectively. The value of length, width and cortical thickness
for left kidney of healthy and renal failure dogs were (53.59 +7.18, 32.43+ 0.97, 8.05+ 0.32 ) and
(55.59 +2.63, 29.96 +1.79, 7.96 +0.29 ) respectively. In healthy animal both the kidneys were
bean shape, with well defined contours, renal capsule was observed as an echogenic with renal
cortex as less echogenic, renal medulla was anechoic to hypoechoic. Whereas in dogs with
pyleonephritis there were hyperechoic mucosal margin line within the renal pelvis, proximal
portion of the ureter, or both with generalized hyperechoic renal cortex, focal hyperechoic areas
within the medulla. In Chronic nephritis both cortex and medulla appeared hyperechoic,
heterogeneous and poorly demarcated with small, irregular in contour. In Acute renal failure
there were much enlarged smooth and hyperechoic kidneys with reduced corticomedullary
distinction with dilation of renal pelvis.
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4.67 A CASE OF INADVERTENT FEEDING OF SNAKE SCALE AND ITS RELATED
TOXICITY
S.K. Behera, U. Dimri, M. Kumar and B.D. Sahu
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, India
An eight years old male German Shepherd dog (BW 35 Kg) in moribund and comatose
condition was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar with a complaint of anorexia, vomitting, melena since three days. Careful
quizzing of the owner revealed inadvertent feeding of snake scale (4 days back) on advice of
some local quacks to get rid of chronic dermatitis continued since one month. On physical
examination temperature of 100 F, bradycardia with feeble palpable pulse, congested conjuctival
mucus membrane, marked dehydration, hypopnoea, normal lymphnode, palpable liver and
lethargy. Hematology revealed decreased Hb, PCV, TEC, marked neutrophilic leukocytosis,
lymphopenia, eosinophilia and serum biochemistry revealed marked increase in ALT and ALP
where as severe increase in BUN (5 times the reference range) and creatinine (16 times)
indicating failure of kidney. So, on the basis of above mentioned signs and biochemical report,
therapy constituted IV Dextrose 10% (1 litre BID), Nurokind gold 4ml IV, Dexona 1.5 ml IV (only
for day one and two) , Avil 2ml IM (OD for two days) and Intacef Tazo 562.5 mg IV BID given
daily for 7 days. Significant improvement with respect to clinical, vital, and hematolo-biochemical
indices achieved 20 days post therapy.
4.68 FOUR CASES OF PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEOUS IN CANINE: ITS DIAGNOSIS AND
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
S.K. Behera, U. Dimri, R. Jhambh and Kumara A.M.
Four separate cases of canine Pemphigus foliaceous which is the most common
autoimmune skin condition have been described here. A one year old Spitz dog, another three
years old female Pomeranian, third two and half years old male Labrador retriever and fourth five
year old male German Shepherd were presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, with the history most commonly coherent with
development of erythematous macules to pustules then to crust like lesions particularly on nasal
planum, concave ear pinnae, inner foot pads etc. The other finding which coincides with history
was chronicity of the condition with refractoriness to the conventional drugs. The diagnosis was
based on the history, presence of typical alopectic and crusting lesions on the above mentioned
regions and refractoriness to the general line of treatments. Therapeutic management included
immunosuppressive combination therapy of azathioprine @2mg/kg p.o. OD plus prednisolone
@2mg/kg p.o. OD along with oral doxycycline @10mg/kg p.o. OD and
immunostimulats/antioxidants in the form of vitamin E, Se, and Zn for a minimum period of two
months. Hematology and serum biochemical findings were inconsistent and inconclusive. Out of
four cases, majority took more than two months to resolve.
4.69 HEMATO-BIOCHEMISTRY AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CLINICAL CASES
OF CANINE HEPATOZOONOSES
S.K. Behera, D.P. Das, S.W. Monsang, B.D. Sahu
Canine hepatozonosis is a tick borne protozoan disease characterized by presence of
gamonts of Hepatozoon canis in peripheral blood leukocytes and tissues. Canine
hepatozoonosis varies from being in apparently healthy dogs to being a severe life threatening
disease. Three cases of clinical hepatozoonoses diagnosed by Giemsa stained peripheral blood
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smears whose hematobiochemistry and therapeutic management have been discussed here.
Hematology revealed normocytic hypochromic anaemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis and
thrombocytopenia whereas serum biochemistry was inconsistent and inconclusive. Therapy
constituted of oral trimethoprim and sulfonamide combination @15 mg/kg BID for 10days in
conjunction with IV fluid and electrolyte therapy for rehydration and electrolyte balance of
patients. Vitamin B complex and E were given as supportive therapy. Significant clinical
improvement with regainment of normal appetite was achieved 72-96 hours post therapy
whereas clinical, hematological and biochemical profiles approached normalcy 14-20 days post
therapy.
4.70 A RARE CASE OF GENERALIZED FORM OF TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL
GRANULOMA IN A MONGREL DOG
S.K. Behera, N.P. Kurade, U. Dimri, S.W. Monsang and K.K. Mishra
A four years old male mongrel dog with a history of subcutaneous granuloma deveopled
ten days back was presented to Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, IVRI, Izatnagar. Other chief
complaints were inappetance, loss of body condition, depression etc. Physical examination
revealed hard non-fluctuating subcutaneous granuloma (> 20 in numbers) all over the body
including os-penis. The growth was of variable size, ulcerating and infected. There was also
history of ulceration followed by regression and recurrence of new growth at different sites. Fine
needle aspiration cytology and histological examination of biopsy material confirmed the
diagnosis of cutaneous transmissible venereal granuloma. The treatment constituted I/V
Vinblastin @0.025mg/kg weekly for 4 times with other supportive therapy like hematinics,
multivitamin and fluid therapy. The prognosis was grave because of the advanced condition
when it was presented to us.
4.71 RICKETS IN A GERMAN SHEPHERD PUP- A CASE REPORT
M.O. Kalim, P. Vishwakarma, R.K.Sonawane and R.Zaman
Pet Zone Private clinic, Bhilai, Durg (C.G)
A German shepherd pup aged about 2 months was brought to clinics with a history of
lameness, staggering gait, difficulty in getting up and bowed fore limbs outward. On physical
examination stiff gait, crooked legs, arched back and thick articulations with pain suggestive of
rickets were observed. The pup was given inj. Vitamin D-3 (Arachitol) @25 IU/Kg b.wt. I/M at
interval of 4 days for 2 weeks and 10% calcium borogluconate by slow I/V once in a week. Daily
massage with cod liver oil once in a day as well as syrup Osteopet with syrup Vimerol one tea
spoon twice in a day. After 6 weeks of treatment, response was observed and bow legs were
approximately absent, while syrup was advised to continue. We concluded that the illness of
Rickets is present in young dogs due to the lack or deficiency of minerals like calcium and
phosphorus and vitamin D or inborn error in vitamin D metabolism. The lack of sunlight is also a
contributing cause of rickets, as well as a deficient diet.
4.72 MANAGEMENT OF OTORRHOEA IN DOGS
M.O. Kalim, P. Vishwakarma, R.K.Sonawane and R. Zaman
Pet Zone Private clinic, Bhilai, Durg (C.G)
Otitis externa is an inflammation of the epithelium of the external ear canal characterized
by an increased production ceruminous and sebaceous material desquamation of epithelium,
pruritis and pain. Otitis externa caused by primary agents like bacteria, fungi and parasites and
commonly affected pendulous ears breed. The present study place on record three cases of
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otorrhoea and its successful medicinal management. Three dogs of different breeds were
presented having history of discharge from the ear which was purulent with bad smell. The dog
feels uneasy, constantly shake the head & rub the ear with paws. All three dogs treated with
Longacilline @ 4 lack I/M total dose with Anistamine @ 2ml I/M in alternate days for 2 weeks as
well as betamethasone @ 4 mg/ kg b.wt I/M and Analgesics Esgipyrine @ 2ml I/M for 3 days. In
local treatment used ointment Wockazole 3-4 drops until resolution of the symptoms. The
combination of penicillin with chlorpheniramine maleate is very effective as some microorganism.
Combination of antibacterial with anistamine proved to be the most effective treatment and it can
be used for therapeutic management of ear infection in dogs in field condition.
4.73 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF A CASE OF PYODERMA IN A FEMALE
LABRADOR RETRIEVER DOG
V.H. Shyma and K. Vijayakumar
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine.
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala
A two year old female Labrador retriever dog was presented to the University Veterinary
Teaching Hospital, Mannuthy with pus oozing erythematous lesion at the left neck and right
thigh. Animal exhibited pain and pruritus of the affected area. Bacteriological examination of the
clinical material collected from the lesion revealed mixed infection with gram positive cocci and
gram negative coccobacillary organisms. The organisms were identified as Staphylococcus
epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiogram of both the bacterial isolates,
haematological, biochemical and serum mineral estimations were carried out. The animal was
treated with Gatifloxacin @ 5mg/kg body weight once daily for 3 days ( Gatiquin 200 mg tablet)
and the animal showed clinical improvement in condition on the fourth day of treatment. It was
advised to continue the same medication for 11 more days for complete cure. Animal showed
complete remission of lesions but recurrence was observed after three months.
4.74 EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Nethra.R, Ramesh P.T and Pradip.V.Bawane
Veterinary college, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024
Middle and old aged dogs which were presented to veterinary hospital, Bangalore during
first October to 28th February 2010, were selected (n=30) for the study. These dogs didn’t exhibit
clinical signs viz polyuria, polydypsia and anorexia of chronic renal failure. Blood and urine
samples were subjected for laboratory analysis. Based on the plasma creatinine concentration,
stages of canine renal failure were estimated. 20% (6 dogs) of the dogs had creatinine level
between 1.4- 2mg/dl. These dogs were of second stage of renal disease and are in early stages
of chronic renal failure. Further blood was analyzed for the estimation of hemoglobin, serum
potassium, serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). These dogs (20%) showed
decrease in hemoglobin and serum potassium levels and increased serum phosphorus and BUN
levels. Urine analysis revealed decrease in urine specific gravity with or without proteinuria.
4.75 CLINICAL STUDY ON CARDIAC DISORDER IN DOGS
Pradip v. Bawane, Ramesh P.T. and Nethra .R
Department of veterinary medicine
Veterinary college, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024
A total of ten dogs, aged between four to eight years, body weight ranging from twenty
three to fourty kilograms, belonged to Doberman (F), Golden-retriever (M), Grate Dane (M), GSD
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(F), Labrodor (M), Boxer (F), N.D (M) breeds, presented to the veterinary college hospital,
Bangalore with a history of coughing, respiratory distress, exercise intolerance, enlarged thorax
(1), enlarged abdomen (1), restlessness (10), inappetance (2). Body temperature was normal in
all the breeds. All these cases were subjected to elecrtrocardiographic (ECG) analysis. Report of
the ECG indicated as Atrial fibrillation in three dogs, deep Q waves indicating right ventricular
enlargement in four dogs, wide and tall p waves indicating left atrial enlargement in three dogs.
All dogs were presented for radiography of lateral thoracic region which revealed right ventricular
enlargement, rounding of heart with consolidation of the lungs and right atrial enlargement. All
the cases were treated with Envas 10mg bid, Lanoxin 0.25 mg bid and Lasilactone 50 mg bid.
There was gradual improvement of the condition after 2-3 weeks of the treatment.
4.76 CHOCOLATE POISONING IN A LABRADOR DOG AND ITS MANAGEMENT
M.C. Anil Kumar, P.T. Ramesh, Santosh Sarangamath, and H.A. Upendra
Veterinary College, Hebbal, Banglore 560 024.
A male Labrador dog aged 2 years weighing 25 kg was presented to Veterinary College
Hospital, Hebbal, Bangalore with a history of excessive salivation, panting and vomition. Upon
clinical examination oral and conjunctival mucous membranes were normal, rectal temperature
was 103oF, heart rate and respiration rate were increased. Upon anamnesis, it was revealed
that the dog has consumed around 100 gm of chocolates which were kept in the home. Then it
was diagnosed as chocolate poisoning and the treatment was initiated with induction of vomition
by administering saturated salt solution around 400-500 ml. Then fluids were administered, ie.,
Ringers lactate 500 ml i/v and 5% Dextrose 500 ml i/v. Atropine sulphate was administered @
0.045mg/kg b.wt. 2/3rd dose of atropine sulphate was given i/v and rest 1/3rd dose was given
subcutaneously. After 2 hours of treatment the pet became clinically active and the salivation
was reduced. A case of chocolate poisoning in dog was encountered and its management was
discussed.
4.77 CANINE BABESIOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Ashish Sharma & Akhilesh Kamal
Successful management of a case of canine babesiosis is discussed here. About 4 yr’s
old black colored Labrador male dog come in our veterinary hospital with the history of anorexia,
vomition, depression, dullness & epistaxis since last 3 days. On blood smear examination by
giemsa stain revealed that dog is positive for the babesiosis infection. It was treated with
diminzine aceturate dog has taken speedy recovery within 3 days. The efficacy of diminzine
aceturate found against babesiosis in dog is remarkable.
4.78 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF HEPATIC DISORDERS IN DOGS
Tomar S.S., H.K. Mehta and K.S. Misraulia
In case of hepatic disorders in dogs, hepatitis, hepatic cyst and hepatic tumor observed,
the clinical signs were observed i.e. anorexia, vometing, diarrhoea, melena, icterus, dehydrated,
polydypsia / polyurea and aneamia was observed. haematological findings were Hb and PCV
values significantly low while TLC and Neutrophils were significantly high and on biochemical
examination, the ALT, Globulin and Serum bilirubin level significantly elevated while Total
protein, Albumin and A:G ratio was found significantly lower. Ultrasonographic findings were
showed diffuse hypo echoic liver parenchyma and Hepatomegaly was Noticed and no
architectural abnormality in GB (Hepatitis), an anechoic, hypoechoic circumscribed mass in the
liver and contours of liver wall irregular were (hepatic cyst/ Abscess), liver had a mixed
echogenecity (hypoechoic and hyperechoic areas) with multiple hyperechoic nodules throughout
86
the hepatic parenchyma and hepatomegaly (hepatic tumor). On the basis of above observations,
we given treatment to dogs.
4.79 DEMODICOSIS IN CANINES AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Ramakant, Sumit mahajan, P.Bhatt, Vivek Kumar and Y.P.S.Dabass
College of veterinary and animal science
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar U.S.Nagar Uttarakhand -263145
Within last 10 years, it has become increasingly more common for veterinarians to see
dogs presented for dermatological problem and this reflect the change in society’s major role for
the dog, from a working farm animal or backyard inhabitant to four legged family member.
Among all the dermatological problems parasitic dermatitis caused by mite demodex is
considered as the major problem. The present study was conducted on clinical cases presented
to Veterinary Clinics and Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary and Animal Science,
GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, with the complaint of various dermatological problems from April 2009 to
march 2010. A total of 56 cases with history of itching, shedding of hairs, various degree of
alopecia, hyper-pigmentation of skin and repulsive odour were screened, irrespective of their
age, sex and breed. Skin scrapping was collected and sent for parasitological examination. Out
of 56 cases 32 cases were positive for Demodex canis infestation. The infected dogs were
treated with combined therapy of Inj ivermectin @ 300mcg/kg. B.wt. subcutaneously at weekly
interval for 6 weeks along with Inj. chlorphenremine malate @ 0.4 mg/ Kg. B.wt., Inj.Lincomycin
@20mg/kg.B.wt. intramuscularly and Syrup immunol 5ml bid for 15 days with topically
application of amitraz twice in a week.
4.80 CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Ramakant, Sumit mahajan, P.Bhatt and Y.P.S.DABAS
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, U.S.Nagar Uttarakhand -263145
The present study was conducted on 8 clinical cases of canines Ehrlichiosis, irrespective
of age, sex and breeds which were presented to Veterinary Clinics and Teaching Hospital,
College of Animal and Veterinary Science, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, with a history of fever,
anorexia and in some cases clotting abnormalities leading to bilateral nasal bleeding. Clinical
examination revealed high temperature (105-107 0F), increased respiratory rate, dehydration,
dullness, pale mucus membrane with marked anemia, enlargement of lymph nodes. Gemisa
stained blood smears reveled presence of small spherical cocco-bacullary Ehrichil inclusions in
monocytes which were identified as E. canis. Whereas hematological picture reveled significant
decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count (TEC), and Packet cell volume (PCV). The
cases were treated with combined therapy comprises of Inj. oxytetracycline @20mg/kg Bw
intravenously for 5 days followed by tab. doxicycline @ 10 mg/ Kg. Bw orally twice a day for 21
days. inj. Esgipyrin @30 mg/kg.Bw. Intramuscularly for 5 days, 5% dextrose with normal saline
@10-12ml/kg BW intravenously along the Liver extract and vitamin B-complex were
administered intramuscularly @2ml alternate days for eight occasions along with syrup haem up
@ 1 TSF orally once daily for subsequent 30 days. After the treatment animals were reexamined for blood protozoan and none of the animal was positive for the Ehrlichiosis.
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4.81 CONCURRENT EHRLICHIOSIS AND BABESIOSIS IN A YOUNG GERMAN SHEPHARD
BITCH
K.S.Pajai, S.P.Waghmare, S.G.Mode, A.Y.Kolte, H.G.Waghode, H.S.Korat, A.M.Bodkhe &
Mohd.Mohsinuddin
A young German Shephard bitch aged about 7 months was brought by the owner to
TVCC, Hospital of this college with a complaint of inappetance,vomition and persistent fever.
Upon clinical examination animal had 103°F body temp. and anaemic mucous membrane. Blood
sample was taken and symptomatic treatment was initiated. The stained blood smear
examination showed presence of Ehrlichia and Babesia organisms concurrently. The animal was
treated with Inj.Diminazene aceturate, Oxytetracycline, Chlorpheneramine maleate, Analgin,
Perinorm and other supportive therapy parenterally for 3 - 4 days and animal showed
improvement. But soon after there was relapse of fever and inappetance. Hence, Tab.
Doxycycline and Analgin was started orally twice daily for 1wk alongwith intravenous fluid
therapy alternate daily and oral haematinic supplement for fortnight. After 10 days post-treatment
, bitch recovered totally with restoration of appetite and normal routine activities.
4.82 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE PAPILLOMATOSIS BY HEMOTHERAPY: A
CASE REPORT
Garima Sharma and Vishnu Kumar
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Animal Genetics Division
U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand.
A 2 year old male cocker spaniel, weighing 16 kg, was brought to VTH, Pantnagar with
the history of lethargy, lassitude, drooling of saliva, difficulty in mastication and swallowing in
spite of a fair appetite. On detailed clinical investigation, multiple warts on oral mucous
membranes, lips, cheeks, eye lids and adjacent haired skin with foul-smell were evident.
Clinically the lesions appeared as deeply pigmented, multiple, raised keratinized horns. Dog was
suffering with this condition from last 1.5 months and has been treated with anthiomaline and 3
shots of vincristine, but no successful response was achieved. Hematology revealed severe
leucopenia. The condition was clinically diagnosed as cutaneous papillomatosis with a guarded
prognosis. Crushing of some of the warts on the mouth gave him some relief because it assisted
in tumour regression process by stimulation host immune response. Dog was decided to be
treated by hemotherapy as an alternative approach @ 3 ml/ 12 kg BW. About 4 ml of blood was
carefully collected in a sterilized condition from the warts and then half of the amount was
injected back sub-cutaneously and rest half intra-muscularly in the dog immediately. Supportive
treatment included inj Taxim (Cefotaxim) @ 25 mg/ kg BW IM bid for 5 days ,inf. Dextrose saline
(5%) @ 20 ml/ kg BW IV for 2 days, inj. Hivit ( multivitamins ) @ 1ml/ 10 kg BW IM, tab Cetcip (
Cetrizine 10 mg ) @ 1 tab orally once for 5 days, cap Vit. E@ 1 cap orally daily for 15 days with
application of castor oil on lesions topically. This treatment was repeated after a 20 day-interval.
Warts began to fall within a month and the dog responded permanently after the third shot of
hemotherapy with a marked improvement of the condition.
Key words: Cutaneous papillomatosis, Warts, Hemotherapy, Alternative approach
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4.83 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH) IN
DOGS
H. Vijayakumar, N.N. Pandey, K.K. Mishra, Amol Gurav, D.B. Mondal
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122 (UP).
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a spontaneous disease of intact male dogs that
begins as glandular hyperplasia which occurs in more than 80% male dogs over 5 years of age.
Three intact 10-11 years old male dogs (Pomeranian, Spitz and Non-descript) were presented to
the institutes Referral Veterinary Polyclinic with the history of inappetance, blood in urine,
difficulty in passing faeces and blood in faeces in 1 dog. Physical examination revealed normal
respiration, heart rate and rectal temperature. On rectal examination a solid mass was felt below
the rectal wall. Ultrasonographic examination showed diffusely homogeneous hypoechoic
prostate near neck of urinary bladder with scattered hyperechoic foci and intact capsule
suggestive of BPH. Average measurement of the enlarged gland was 7x5 cm. Ultrasonographic
diagnosis of BPH was discussed.
4.84 CLINICAL-HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL & ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDY IN ASCETIC
DOG
Rode A.M, Mohammad.Tarique, Shrikhande G.B, Rajguru D.N,
Upadhye S.V. and Shalini A.S.
Nagpur veterinary college, Nagpur
A Labrador dog was presented at OPD, TVCC, NVC, Nagpur with severely bilateral
symmetrical distended abdomen. A distinguishable fluid thrill was observed on tactile abdominal
percussion. Ultrasonography revealed free fluid in peritoneal cavity with hyperechoic cirrhotic
liver.
Increased neutrophills with decreased erythrocytes and haemoglobin recorded on
haematology. The ALT and AST Levels were found to be elevated with decreased protein level
on biochemical evaluation.
The dog responded favourably to the treatment offered,with reasonable reduction in
abdominal distension and improvement in blood biochemical values.
4.85 ORAL CANDIDIASIS (THRUSH) IN A LABRADOR DOG -A CASE REPORT
Zaker Ali, V.D Muley, S.U Digraskar, M.P. Sakhare, M.F.M.F Siddiqui and S.V. Lokhande
A four year old black female Labrador was referred to the Deptt. of Veterinary Medicine
with a complaint of inappetance, excessive salivation and marked difficulty in food and water
intake. Dog was previously treated with antibiotics, NSAID, Antihistaminic but showed no
response. Clinical examination of oral cavity revealed inflammed oral mucosa, foul breath and
presence of soft, whitish deposits on the surface of tongue and some part of gums. On the basis
of history, clinical examination and characteristic lesions, The case was tentatively diagnosed as
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush). The dog was then subjected to anti-fungal therapy of ketoconazole @
20mg /kg b.wt orally daily once for one week along with supportive thearpy of Ascorbic acid,
Metronidazole, Meloxicam and multivitamins for initial 3 days. Rinsing of mouth was done with
0.1- 0.2% chlorhexidine antiseptic solution followed by local application of Clotrimazole -1% paint
on affected part. The further details of the case will be discussed.
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4.86 STING BITE STOMATITIS IN A DOBERMAN DOG AND ITS SUCCESSFUL
MANAGEMENT
V.D.Muley, S.U.Digraskar, Meera Sakhare, P.B.Hase, M.F.M.F Siddiqui, Zaker Ali and
S.V.Lokhande
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MAFSU, Parbhani-431302 (M.S.)
A six year old male Doberman dog was presented to the Department of Veterinary
Medicine with complaint of anorexia, salivation and a swelling at mandibular region. As per
history the dog was exposed to an attack of honey bees a day before. Clinical examination of the
patient revealed stingy salivation, inflammatory changes on oral mucosa particularly on bitten
areas, bleeding from gums, foul breath and enlarged left mandibular lymph node. The dog was
apparently dull, depressed with rise in rectal temperature (104.40F) and was not feeling to take
feed and water. On the basis of history and clinical observations, the case was diagnosed as
sting bite stomatitis. Hematological examination of the dog indicated eosinophilia (16%),
leucocytosis (20,000/ µl) and borderline thrombocytopenia (80,000/ µl). The dog was further
treated with broad spectrum Cephalosporin, Metronidazole, fluid and electrolytes, ascorbic acid,
corticosteroid and antihistaminic preparations. The therapeutic regimen was continued for 3 days
and the owner was advised to perform rinsing of mouth of dog with 0.1 to 0.2% chlohexidine
solution twice a day as an antiseptic mouthwash. The sting bite stomatitis dog responded well to
the treatment and showed complete recovery after a week time.
4.87 CARDIOMEGALY IN A SPITZ: A CASE REPORT
A.K.Rautray, R.C.Patra and K.K.Sardar
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology
A female Spitz of 14 years weighing 20 kg was presented in the TVCC, OUAT with
complaint of continuous coughing since twenty days. The periodicity of cough was 1-2 times
during day time and the intensity increased during night. On examination, the mucous membrane
was normal. The temperature was recorded to be 102.7oF. Auscultation of lung revealed moist
rales. The C-ARM examination revealed the increase in the size of the heart with reduced lung
area. The blood examination revealed Hb-12.4gm%, total leukocyte count -6750/cumm of blood,
differential leukocyte count: neutrophil-62%, basophil- 0, eosinophil- 2%, lymphocyte-31%, and
monocyte-5% and absence of microfilaria.
The case was diagnosed as cardiomegaly and treatment was started with positive
ionotropic agents Enalapril Maleate @2.5mg twice daily. Immunol (immuno modulator) was
administered daily @5 ml twice daily. Diethyl carbamizine was administered @6.6mg /kg body
weight for 21 days. Ivermectin was administered subcutaneously 200 µgm /kg body weight at
weekly interval for 3 doses. Liv 52 syrup was administered @5 ml b.i.d for 20 days.
The dog showed improvement gradually with no coughing observed after 18th day of
treatment. The C-ARM examination on 19th day reduction in the size of heart with animal
showing normal behavior and activity.
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4.88 DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN DOGS WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY
G. Vijayakumar E.Venkatesakumar, S. Sivaraman and M. Subramanian
Ethics and Jurisprudence,
Veterinary College and Research Institute
Namakkal- 637 001
Tamil nadu
Twenty four dogs with clinical signs of cardiac diseases were subjected to routine clinical
examination, haematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis and radiography. Electrocardiography
and echocardiography and colour Doppler ultrasound were carried out in these cases. Various
echocardiographic indices were included for the study. The results are analysed statistically and
presented.
Key words: canine – cardiomyopathy- echocardiography- Doppler studies.
4.89 ENDOSCOPIC RETRIEVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES FROM THE UPPER
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF DOGS- A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN 19 CASES
G. Vijayakumar A.P. Nambi, S.R.Srinivasan and S. Prathaban
CAFT in Veterinary Clinical Medicine,
Ethics and Jurisprudence,
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai- 600 007
Tamil nadu
Nineteen dogs with complain of vomiting or with known history of foreign body ingestion
were utilized for the study. Clinical examination, haematolgy, serum biochemical studies and
survey radiography were carried out. Endoscopy was undertaken as per standard technique in
these animals. The endoscopic changes observed in the gastrointestinal tract, the technique
used for the retrieval of the foreign body and the difficulties encountered are discussed.
Key words: canine – endoscopy- foreign body- upper gastro intestinal tract.
4.90 HEPATOZOONOSIS INFECTION IN NON-DESCRIPT DOG FROM MUMBAI CITY:
STUDIES ON CLINICAL, HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Ingole K H, Sawale G. K, Rohi R. R., Sabale S. S., Kadam D.P., Bharkad G. P, and
Vishwasrao S V
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, MVC, Goregaon, Mumbai
Department of Veterinary Pathology, MVC, Mumbai
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, MVC, Mumbai
Two male dogs having age of one year and 1.5 year were presented with 1 to 3 week
history of anorexia, weight loss and anaemia. Physical examination revealed fever, depression,
pallor mucus membrane and hind leg weakness in both the dogs with splenomegaly in one dog.
External examination revealed numerous ticks on the body of both the dog which was confirmed
as Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Laboratory analysis of blood samples revealed anaemia,
neutrophilic leucocytosis, monocytosis in both the dog, while thrombocytopenia in one and
thrombocytosis in other. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated serum levels of alkaline
phosphatase and decrease in total protein and albumin. The diagnosis was confirmed
microscopically, by demonstrating the presence of Hepatozoon canis gametocytes within
leucocytes in Leishman-stained peripheral blood smears. Both the dogs were successfully
treated with Clindamycin, and Sulphadoxine and Pyrimethamine combination and supportive
therapy of haematinic (Imferon) for recovery of anaemia.
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4.91 HAEMODIALYSIS IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN DOGS
M. Chandrasekar,K.Jeyaraja,P.S.Thirunavukkarasu and A.P.Nambi
Dept. of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence
Madras Veterinary College,
Chennai-7
The dogs brought to Madras Veterinary College, Teaching Hospital with the history and
clinical signs suggestive of acute renal failure (ARF) were included in this study. Blood samples
were collected and BP was taken before and after the haemodialysis. The results and efficacy of
routinue ARF treatment and haemodialysis were compared in ARF patients. The values
obtained at various stages of treatment were statistically analyzed and interpreted.
Keyword: Haemodialysis, acute renal failure, treatment.
4.92 DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE DATABASE OF CANINE BIOMARKERS: A
BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH
Prof.Dr.P.Dhanapalan and Dinakaran, M. V
Bioinformatics Centre & ARIS Cell,
Madras Veterinary College,
TAMILNADU VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSTY
Chennai – 600 007.
A biomarker is a substance used as an indicator of a biological state, and characterized
as an indicator of normal biological process, pathogenical process, or pharmacological
responses to a therapeutic invention. More specifically, a biomarker indicates a change in
expression or state of a protein that correlates with the risk or progression of a disease, or with
the susceptibility of the disease to a given treatment. A research was undertaken to develop a
digital environment on Canine Biomarkers based on the clinical data on reported canine
biomarkers expressed in Canine Lymphoma and Mast Cell Tumor. These tumors were chosen
as because of frequency of these tumors affecting breeds are more as well as the information
regarding these tumors were sporadic. The work was started from collecting the data from
clinical units of Madras Veterinary College, where the tumors in dog breeds are normally
diagnosed. The digital environment includes canine lymphoma and mast cell tumors disease,
approaches used to diagnose these tumors as well as treatment protocol, and the biomarker
information. Then, homology studies, and retrieving information on Function, Structure,
Interaction, Disease Progression of the canine biomarkers were studied and included in the
database. The Biomarker data can be effectively searched through Keyword / Accession number
and an interactive view of displaying data has been made. User can search and view the
information in an easy way of browsing the pages, since these pages supports dot net framework
(ASP – Active Server Page). Facility is also available for the updation of the digital environment
which could be done by the administrator. The objective of creating this digital environment is to
enable the user to get the information obtained from the biomarkers and diagnostic approaches,
and finally make the end user to apply the gained knowledge in canine cancer proteomics.
Keywords: Canine Lymphoma, Canine Mast Cell Tumor, Biomarker, Database, Digital
Environment
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4.93 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF IDIOPATHIC DETRUSOR INSTABILITY
IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT
G.Senthil Kumar, K.K.Ponnuswamy, G.Vijayakumar, K.Krishnakumar and
M.Subramanian
A nine year old male Doberman dog was presented to the Small Animal Medicine unit of
Veterinary College and Research Institute Teaching Hospital, Namakkal with a history of
inappetance, dribbling of urine and distension of abdomen. Clinical examination revealed normal
rectal temperature, slightly increased heart rate and respiration rate , distended urinary bladder
and catheterization was done without any difficulty to drain the urine. Urinalysis and
haematological examination results were within the normal range. Serum biochemistry report
revealed slightly high creatinine. Radiography and Ultrasonography revealed distended bladder
and there was no evidence for the presence of any calculi. Based on these findings the condition
was tentatively diagnosed as Idiopathic Detrusor Instability. The case was treated for a period of
ten days with a combination of Oxybutynin, Diazepam and Bethenecol. There was an
appreciable improvement in micturition within ten days and the details of the case are presented
and discussed.
4.94 TETANUS IN A DOG-A CASE REPORT
D.G.Dighe
Associate Professor, Dept. of Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College
A Pomeranian dog with the history of fracture was fracture was treated in Veterinary
Clinic by applying plaster on the leg. After a period of three weeks the dog showed symptoms of
restlessness, loss of appetite and severe pain. On removal of plaster it was found that there was
formation of abscess in the same leg. The wound was dressed with hydrogen peroxide and
tincture iodine along with inj. Streptopenicilline intramuscularly. Further the wound was regularly
dressed. After period of two days the dog was brought to the clinic with the complaint of severe
stiffness of the body, lock jaw condition and unable to eate or drink. On clinical examination it
was diagnosed as tetanus on the basis of clinical symptoms. The dog was further treated with
antitetanus toxin, muscle relaxant inj. Triflupromazine @1 mg/kg b.wt. and intravenous Dextrose
and fluid therapy, however, the dog died within 4 days due to respiratory failure.
4.95 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE ACUTE RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS WITH
HEMODIALYSIS
Garud K.V., Gaikwad R.V., Patil S. B., Hatzade R. I. and Pawar M. L.
Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai – 12
Acute renal failure in dogs is perceived as a life threatening and clinically challenging
illness with high mortality rate, as the response to conventional therapy remains unpredictable
and is often associated with progression of patients towards chronic renal failure. Hemodialysis
was performed on six patients presented with acute renal failure, which were refractory to the
conventional therapeutic management. The mean ± SD values for creatinine and urea at
presentation were 9.48 ± 4.51 mg/dL and 140.54 ± 28.11 mg/dL, respectively. The values
increased by 31.56 % and 74.33%, respectively, despite 24-48 hrs of conventional therapy. The
urine output of these patients ranged from 0ml/day to 1150ml/day, and had Mean ± SD specific
gravity of 1.023 ± 0.009, whereas the Mean ± SD UPC ratio was 4.14 ± 2.18. Two sessions of
hemodialysis of ascending intensity were prescribed to achieve mean Urea reduction ratio (URR)
of 18.17% and 37.67%, for two consecutive sessions, done 24 hrs apart. The mean Creatinine
93
reduction ratio (CrRR) achieved was 38.33% and 46.00%, for the same sessions. After these
two session, the Mean ± SD value for creatinine was reduce to 4.44 ± 1.90 mg/dL , whereas that
for urea was reduced to 93.92 ± 35.96mg/dL. Fifty percent of these patients were prescribed a
third session of dialysis, and URR achieved was 47.67% while CrRR achieved was 50.67%.
After the third session of hemodialysis, the mean ± SD value for creatinine was down to 3.55 ±
1.75mg/dL and that for urea was down to 75.87 ± 41.00 mg/dL. An appreciable improvement in
clinical signs and urine output was observed in 66.66% of these patients which showed dramatic
recovery in renal function and hence could be saved, by employing hemodialysis.
4.96 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF IMHA AND ITS COMPLICATIONS IN GOLDEN
RETRIEVER DOG
Patil S.B., Hatzade R.I., Garud K.V., Dighe D.G., Velhankar R.D., Gaikwad R.V., Galdhar C.N.
and Keskar D.V.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College,
Mumbai-400012.
A 7 year old Golden Retriever female was presented to TVCC, Mumbai Veterinary
College, Mumbai with complaint of hematuria, lethargy, inappetance since two days. Clinical
examination revealed mild icteric sclera, fever 103 0F, hematuria, hepatospleenomegaly. Blood
and urine samples were sent for investigations which revealed low Hb (3.7 gm/dl),
thrombocytopenia (98000/mm3), low hematocrit (14.2%), reticulocyte count 2.3 (indicative of
regenerative anaemia), elevated liver enzymes- SAP and ALT. This prompted a bedside test for
macroagglutination with NS. Also a blood smear was collected for presence of any spherocytes
and schistocytes. The macroagglutination was found to be highly positive, which was confirmed
and differentiated from Rauleaux formation microscopically. Thus, case appeared to be a
classical case of Immune Mediated Hemolytic Aneamia (IMHA). The presence of spherocytes
and schistocytes confirmed the suspicion, however, the Coomb’s test couldn’t be done.
Treatment started with corticosteroid Inj. Prednisolone @1 mg/kg IM BID, iron dextran and
vitcofol as hematinics and supplemented with Dextrose 25%, amino acids and liver tonics.
Agglutination and clotting time was monitored periodically, however, on day 4 clotting time
decreased to 1 minute. Immediately blood sample sent for coagulation profile which showed rise
in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and FDP levels, suggested complications of DIC.
Treatment started with Heparin@ 25 IU/ kg SC TID. Intensive monitoring of patient with clotting
time and macroagglutination was done. Patient showed improvement in clotting time on day 10
onward, appetite normalized and improvement in activity. Corticosteroid dose tapered gradually
and decreased. Further details will be discussed.
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AVIAN MEDICINE
5.1 LEAD INDUCED TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS AND THEIR ALLEVIATION IN
BROILER CHICKENS
Ritesh Jaiswal, S.L. Ali, Neelu Gupta, K.C.P. Singh, Ranjana Rathore, T. Ottalwar and D. Rath
A total no. of 126 day old broiler chicks of Ven-Cobb strain were randomly divided into six
treatment groups as A, B, C, D, E and F and all treatments were given to chicks on the basis of
per kg basal diet daily for the period of 42 days. The birds of group-A were kept as healthy
control, group- B received lead acetate @ 200 mg/kg alone where as birds of group-C, D, E and
F received lead acetate @ 200 mg/kg along with ascorbic acid @ 200 mg/kg, Vit-E @ 100 and
Se @ 0.1 mg/kg, DL-methionine @ 100 mg/kg and methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis
(CQE) @ 400 mg/kg, respectively. The clinical signs viz. anorexia, muscular weakness, weight
loss, wing droop, leg paresis and greenish diarrhoea were observed in group-B on day 21 and
onwards as compared to treatment group-C, D, E and F where very less or absence of clinical
signs were observed which were very much similar to group A (control birds). Altered gross
changes in the organs include congested liver, kidney and lung along with haemorrhages,
haemorrhages in muscles, gizzard lining and intestinal wall and bile stasis while histopathological
changes in liver (haemorrhages, necrosis), kidney (atrophy of PCT and Bowman’s capsules),
muscles (necrosis of muscles fibers with haemorrhages), lung (pneumonia, haemorrhages) and
spleen (necrosis of the lymphoid follicles) were evident in lead treated birds of group B in
contrast to birds of healthy group A which showed normal structures and normal architecture of
various organs. The improved status in the birds of different treatment groups (C, D, E and F) as
compared to lead treated group B indicated therapeutic potential of various antioxidants to
reduce the lead burden and detrimental changes in various organs. The highest therapeutic
efficacy was shown by Vit-C treated group followed by D, E and F.
5.2 THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS AND α -TOCOPHEROL ON
LEAD INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BROILER CHICKENS
Ritesh Jaiswal, S.L. Ali, S. Roy, M. Roy, Sanjay Shakya, Ranjana Rathore and H. Vaishya
In the present study a total no. of 84 (4×3×7) day old broiler chicks of Ven-Cobb strain
were randomly assigned into 4 treatments groups A, B, C, D and all treatments were given to
chicks on the basis of per kg basal diet daily for a period of 42 days. The birds of group A were
kept as healthy control, while group B received lead acetate @ 200 mg/kg alone, where as, birds
of group C and group D received lead acetate @ 200 mg/kg along with α-tocopherol @ 100
mg/kg + Selenium @ 0.1 mg/kg and methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQE) @ 400
mg/kg respectively. At the end of the study (42 days) lead exposure enhanced the lipid
peroxidation (LPO) as a erythrocytic LPO increased nonsignificantly (P>0.05) in lead treated
birds i.e. group B (19.88±0.51 mol/gHb) as compared to healthy control group A (18.41±0.52
mol/gHb) and significantly (P<0.05) from group C (16.88±0.44 mole/gHb) and group D
(17.96±0.21 mole/gHb). Further, the erythrocytic reduced glutathione (GSH) level increased in
group A (0.022±0.005 mole/gHb) group C (0.033±0.003 mole/gHb) and group D (0.023±0.005
mole/gHb) from lead treated group B (0.018±0.004) however, no significant (P>0.05) change was
observed in GSH level in all treatment groups. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was
enhanced significantly (P<0.05) in all treatment groups except group B (47.61±5.74 unit/mgHb).
The obtained SOD values on day 42 in group A (157.90±3.11 unit/mgHb), C (146.77±7.47
unit/mgHb) and D (92.27±7.12 unit/mgHb) were respectively. The maximum restoration in
erythrocyte SOD activity was found in group C (Vit E & Se). A significant (P<0.05) decline in
erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity was noted in group B (107.60±12.84 unit/mgHb) on day 42 as
compared to treatment group C (707.99±15.51 unit/mgHb) and group D (290.21±9.00 unit/mgHb)
but nonsignificantly (P>0.05) from healthy control group A (173.4110.63 unit/mgHb). All
treatments were found very efficacious as they enhanced antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT &
95
GSH and effectively reduced the LPO level towards a normal. This indicated the higher
therapeutic potency of α-tocopherol + Selenium followed by extract of Cissus quadrangularis as
an antioxidant to mitigating lead induced oxidative stress in broiler chickens.
5.3 EFFECT OF Moringa oleifera ON EFFICACY OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED
HEPATOTOXICITY IN COCKERELS
Praveen Kumar, S. K. Shukla, Mahesh Kumar and V. S. Rajora
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Investigation was carried out to know the possible hepatoprotective properties of leaves
of Moringa oleifera as herbal medicines and for this ethanolic and aqueous extracts were
evaluated against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in cockerels. Silymarin (@ 200mg/kg)
was given as reference standard. Cockerels were dosed with acetaminophen @ 500 mg/ body
weight orally to induce hepatocellular damage. Cockerels given with ethanolic extract of Moringa
oleifera @ 200 mg/kg body wt and acetaminophen showed the restoration of haematological
values, i.e. decreased levels of Hb, PCV, TEC, DLC and lymphocytes and increased levels of
heterophils and biochemical values i.e. decreased value of total protein, albumin and globulin
and increased value of glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and LDH, to the normalcy.
The biochemical results showed parallel finding with the histopathological analysis in which liver
sections obtained from cockerels fed with Moringa oleifera, the damage was blocked. Liver
section of treated animals clearly showed normal hepatic cells and central vein thereby
confirming hepatoprotective activity. These findings had suggested that Moringa oleifera is a
promising product in protecting the liver against toxic injury via the restoration of haematalogical
and biochemical parameter. Silymarin also showed the same results. Aqueous extract showed
the least activity. On phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera showed
presence of alkaloids, coumarin, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, sterol, tannin and triterpenes.
5.4 EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT DRUGS AGAINST INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS IN
BROILERS
Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence
G.B. pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263 145, U. S. Nagar,
Uttarakhand
The present investigation was carried out on one hundred, day-old broiler chicks divided
into 4 groups of twenty five chicks each. The birds of group 1 served as negative control. The
chicks of group 2 were treated with Chelidonium Q, Alfa alfa Q and group 3 was treated with
Hepatocare, Goutcare and Digevet for seven days after infection. The birds of group 4 were kept
as positive control. The mortality rate of group 2 and 3 were lower than that of group 4. The
average body weight and feed consumption of group 2 and 3 was significantly higher (p≤0.05)
than group 4 on 35th day of age and remained high up to 45th day of age. The mortality rates in
group 2, 3 and 7 were 24, 16 and 56, respectively. The mortality rate of group 3 was lowest
followed by group 2. Treated birds showed significant increase in Hb value, TEC, PCV and TLC
along with non-significant increase in MCV, MCH and decrease in MCHC as compared to
infected control. AST, ALT, AP and CK levels were significantly lower in all treated groups than
infected control.
Keywords: Chicks, Inclusion body hepatitis, Mortality rate.
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5.5 EFFICACY OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS AGAINST INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS IN
BROILERS
Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence
G.B. pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263 145, U. S. Nagar,
Uttarakhand.
The present investigation was carried out on one hundred twenty five day-old broiler
chicks divided into 4 groups of twenty five chicks each. The birds of group 1 served as negative
control. The birds of group 2 were given Nutrigrow* @ 5 g/100 chicks/day for 10 days followed
by Protoface* @ 20 gm/1000 chicks/day from 11th to 20th day age along with normal feed and
from 21st day they were given Profitaze* @ 50 gm/1000 birds in evening water. After challenge,
the chicks were given Protoface @ 200 gm/1000 birds per day in water for 7 days. The birds of
group 3 were given Protoface only before infection. The birds of group 4 were given Protoface
@ 200 gm/1000 chicks/day only after infection. The birds of group 5 were kept as positive
control. The mortality rate of group 2 was lowest i.e., 16% whereas that of group 5 was 56%.
Treated birds showed significant increase in Hb value, TEC, PCV and TLC along with nonsignificant increase in MCV, MCH and decrease in MCHC as compared to infected control. AST,
ALT, AP and CK levels were significantly lower in all treated groups than infected control. The
mortality rate of treated group was lower than that of infected control. Treated birds showed
significant increase in Hb value, TEC, PCV and TLC along with non-significant increase in MCV,
MCH and decrease in MCHC as compared to infected control. AST, ALT, AP and CK levels were
significantly lower in all treated groups than infected control.
Keywords: Chicks, Inclusion body hepatitis, Mortality rate.
5.6 AN INVESTIGATION OF DISEASE AND MORTALITY STATUS OF BACK YARD
POULTRY IN AIZAWL DISTRICT, MIZORAM
Devajani Deka, T. K. Rajkhowa, H. Bayan, R. Ravindran, J. G. Tiwari, L. Ralte and E. Motina
Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiolgy,
College of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram
Mizoram is a hilly state of northeast India which shares international boundaries with
Myanmar and Bangladesh. Traditionally, the Mizo tribal people practice pig rearing and keep
poultry as supplementary income. This study was on the existing Back yard poultry (BYP) with
the objective to investigate the disease and mortality status in BYP. The study was conducted on
39 households (5-50 birds/ household) with 476 numbers of BYP for a period of one year. The
types of poultry were mostly dual purpose crossbred chicken, jungle fowl, indigenous breed of
chicken and game fowl. Seventy five percent of the farmers feed their birds with broken grains,
kitchen left over rice, vegetables, earth worms etc in traditional housing with bamboo, woods etc
and bamboo basket.
The present study indicated the major causes of village chicken loss and mortality were
predators, diseases, parasites and thieves. The diseases were mainly fowl pox, diarrhea,
emaciation, colibacillosis and parasites mostly external parasites and Ascaridia galli. The
maximum mortality was present in chicks of 1-14 days of age due to diarrhoea where as
emaciation was recorded in adult birds above two years of age. Fowl pox was the most
commonly encountered disease problem along with associated complications like diarrhea,
emaciation and Ascaridia galli. The diseases were more common in monsoon and retreating
monsoon (May to October) seasons than winter and summer.
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5.7 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF LIVE ATTENUATED LENTOGENIC STRAIN RANIKHET
DISEASE VACCINE IN COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKS
U. Biswas, S. Chettri, C. Guha, A. Chatterjee, P.S. Jana, S.B. Saha and B. Roy
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences
37 & 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata-700037.
One hundred forty day old commercial broiler chicks were equally divided into seven
groups i.e. group-I, to group-VII, consisting of 20 chicks in each group and house separately with
balance feed and water adlib. The chicks of group-I was primarily immunized with lentogenic
strain (local isolate) R.D vaccine on 5th day of life through oronasal route at the dose rate of
106.5EID50 per chick and boostering was done after 21days of primary vaccination with the same
dose. Similarly, the chicks of group-II, group-III, group-IV, group-V and group-VI were primarily
vaccinated with ND VH strain vaccine ( M/S. Sarabhai Zydus), B1 strain (M/s. Venkey’s India
Ltd), F-strain vaccine (M/s. Indovac India Ltd.), La Sota strain vaccine (M/s. Venky’s India Ltd.)
and modified F-strain vaccine on the 5th day of life and boostering was done after 21 days of
primary vaccination. Twenty chicks of group-VII were kept as unvaccinated control. All the birds
were challenged with velogenic strain of NDV (local isolate) through oronasal route after 15 days
of boostering with 106EID50 per bird and observed for 21 days post challenge for any
abnormality/mortality. Serum HI titre was determined from each bird on 5th day of life
(preimmunization), weekly postimmunization and postchallenge. From this study it was
concluded that Lentogenic strain (local isolate) vaccine and La Sota strain vaccine showed 90%
protection with highest mean HI titre (i.e. 2.44 ± 0.05 and 2.42 ± 0.06 respectively) whereas B 1
strain vaccine showed the least protection (60%) to the challenge of velogenic ND virus.
5.8 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF MODIFIED RANIKHET DISEASE VACCINE AND
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE RANIKHET DISEASE VACCINE IN RHODE ISLAND RED
CHICKS
C. Guha, R.P. Mahato, U. Biswas, A. Chatterjee, P.S. Jana, S.B. Saha, B.Roy
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine,
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
West Bengal University of animal & Fishery Sciences,
37, K. B. Sarani, Kolkata – 700037. (W.B)
Seventy five day old Rhode Island Red chicks were equally divided into three groups i.e.
Group-A, Group-B and Group-C consisting of 25 chicks in each group and housed separately
with balanced feed and water ad-lib. Birds of Group-A were vaccinated with modified lentogenic
F-strain of Ranikhet Disease vaccine with 106.5 EID50 through occulo-nasal instillation on 5th and
19th day of age and subcutaneous injection with 105EID50 modified R2B strain RD vaccine on
42nd day of age. Similarly, Group-B was given occulo-nasal instillation with commercially
available F-strain vaccine on 5th and 19th day of age and commercially available R2B strain RD
vaccine through subcutaneous route on 42nd day of age. Group-C was kept as unvaccinated
control. All the birds of three groups were challenged with106EID50 velogenic strain (local isolate)
of Ranikhet Disease virus at the age of 56 day of age and observed for next two weeks for any
abnormality/mortality. Serum antibody titer was determined in all the groups of chick at the age of
5th, 19th, 42nd day (prevaccination), 56th day (prechallenge) and 60th, 64th, 68th day of age
(postchallenge). From this study, it was observed that the mean log 2 HI titre was higher (2.957 ±
0.043) in group-A in comparison to group-B (2.460 ± 0.04) and group-C (0.00 ± 0.00) on just
before challenge. It was also observed that the modified F-strain and R2B strain of RD vaccine
gave 100% protection in challenged virus with highest antibody titre (mean log 2 2.670 ± 0.03) on
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12th day of postchallenge in comparison to commercially available vaccine which protected 96%
in challenged birds.
5.9 GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF DESI BIRDS – A CASE REPORT
Chetan Kumar G K and Sudarshan V
Intestinal parasites are very common in chickens in the backyard type poultry flocks. The
presence of a few parasites does not usually cause a problem. However, large numbers can
have a devastating effect on growth, egg production, and over-all health. A farmer from
Dadagattamadagu village (comes under Veterinary Dispensary, Aroodi, Doddaballapura taluk,
Bangalore Rural district) came with history of poor growth, reduced egg production and death of
young birds in his flock containing 106 Desi birds. The fecal sample was collected from 50 birds;
samples were analyzed for helminthes and protozoan parasites. Out of 50 samples 14 (28 %)
were positive for Ascardia galli, 10 (20 %) for Heterakis gallinae, 8 (16 %) for Railletina sp, 3 (6
%) for Eimerian oocyst and in 2 samples (4 %) both Ascardia galli and Eimerian oocyst was
observed. Farmer was advised to remove litter regularly or to maintain litter as dry as possible
and to avoid overcrowding. Birds were treated with broad spectral antihelminthic fenbendazole
and Vitamin A and B complex was supplemented through water.
5.10 GENOTYPING OF FOWL ADENOVIRUS FROM INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS IN
POULTRY BY PCR-RFLP
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab.
Forty six liver samples were collected from suspected outbreaks of Inclusion body
hepatitis in poultry from various regions of Northern India and were subjected to Polymerase
chain reaction. Out of 46 samples 37 samples were found to be positive from both H1H2 and
H3H4 primer sets indicating presence of Fowl adenovirus. The H1H2 and H3H4 amplified PCR
products after gel purification were subjected to Hae II and Hpa II restriction enzyme digestion
respectively to know the fowl adenovirus serotypes. Out of 37 positive PCR samples, 11 isolates
were found to be FAV-1, 8 isolates were found to be FAV-8 and 18 isolates were found to be
FAV-4. PCR combined with Restriction enzyme analysis was effectively used for detection and
differentiation of different fowl adenoviruses.
5.11 CLONING OF HEXON GENE OF FOWL ADENOVIRUS 4 ISOLATE
Liver samples were collected from suspected outbreaks of Inclusion body hepatitis from
poultry from different regions of Northern India and were subjected for PCR. The PCR positive
samples were subsequently subjected for Restriction enzyme analysis which revealed FAV-4
isolates. The PCR amplified products of FAV-4 hexon gene of Punjab and Jammu region were
gel purified and cloned in PGEM® T Easy vector and transformed in competent E.coli cells.
Plasmid DNA were extracted from the clones and were screened for the presence of FAV-4
hexon gene by both PCR and EcoR I digestion of the plasmid. Thus FAV-4 hexon gene of
Punjab and Jammu region were successfully cloned in PGEM® T Easy vector.
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5.12 PHYLOGENTIC ANALYSIS OF FOWL ADENOVIRUS ISOLATES
The recombinant plasmids containing 1319 bp hexon gene of two FAV-4 isolates ie.,
FAV-4 Jammu and FAV-4 Punjab were subjected to single strand DNA sequencing using T7 and
SP6 primers at DNA sequencing facility of university of Delhi, South campus, New Delhi. The
sequences were edited in “Edit Seq” programme of Lasergene software and phylogenetic trees
were constructed using sequences downloaded from (NCBI Gene Bank) database in order to
compare the relation between fowl adenovirus isolates. The phylogenetic tree of DNA alignment
showed very close relationship between FAV4 Jammu and FAV4 Punjab than other isolates
whereas the phylogenetic tree of protein alignment showed very close relationship between
FAV4 India (I.V.R.I) and FAV4 Jammu than other isolates.
5.13 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS OUTBREAKS IN
NORTHERN INDIA
Questionnaires were prepared and responses from poultry owners of various poultry
farms of Northern India were obtained. The data obtained from survey were entered into
database file and analyzed using SPSS window version 11.0.1. Under univariate analysis 6 out
of 13 factors were found to be significant at 25% level of significance. These were Aflatoxins in
the feed, Vaccination age, Disease (IBH) in previous flocks, Breed of the birds, Litter removal
between two successive rearing and presence of IBD in the flocks. These 6 factors were
subjected to multivariate analysis and Forward LR elimination method. Among them 2 factors
were found to be significant at 10% level of significance. These were Aflatoxins in the feed and
disease (IBH) in previous flocks.
5.14 EFFECT OF RENDERED BYPRODUCT ON INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF FOOT PAD
DERMITITIS IN GROWING TURKEY POULT.
AWACHAT VAIBHAV, MAJUMDAR SAMIR, MANDAL ASIT. AND BHANJA S. K
Turkey Research unit, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, U.P., India
Foot pad dermatitis, mostly caused by litter condition, can affect the foot skin tissue
leading to downgrades and reduced market value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
effects of inclusion rendered poultry byproduct meal on the incidence and severity of foot
dermatitis in growing turkey poults. In order to carry out a 8 week bioassay for studying the
nutritional evaluation of poultry slaughter byproduct meal with their variable inclusion levels on
incidence of foot pad dermatitis, the desired number of day old turkey poult of Belts Vilie White
(small white) of same hatch chicks had been hatched out from the fertile eggs collected from the
flock of Belts Vilie White (small white) line maintained at the Turkey Research unit farm and set
in Experimental Hatchery of CARI. Vaccination for Ranikhet disease was done on the day of
hatching and all the chicks were wing banded and weighed individually on the same day. 150
day old straight-run poults of almost same body weight were distributed into five experimental
groups with three replicate in each group having 10 poults in each replicate. In the experiment
the rendered PSBM was tried at four inclusion levels along with one control i.e.T1(0%), T2(2.5%),
T3(5%), T4(7.5%) and T5(10%) replacing primarily soybean meal and these formed a completely
randomized design (1x5). Birds were fed the experimental diets up to 48 day of age. The
experimental birds were housed group wise in randomly allotted cabins or tiers of the electrically
heated battery brooders with the provision of wire-mesh floor, feeder and waterer, located in the
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well ventilated room, 24 hours light and uniform management. At 21 day of age, 10 birds from
each pen were randomly selected and labeled. These labeled birds were examined weekly for
the presence of foot dermatitis and given a lesion score using the score methodology. Scores
were 0: no lesion; 1: lesion on <25% of the pads; 2: lesion on 25 to 50% of the pads; 3: lesion on
>50% of the pads. Litter samples were also collected weekly to determine percentage of
moisture. In general, result of present study showed that litter moisture and incidence and
severity of foot dermatitis increased as broilers aged. Inclusion of rendered PSBM meal
consistently reduced the incidence and severity of footpad dermatitis, which occurred in parallel
with the reduction in litter moisture. It is concluded that soybean be limited in the diets of young
turkeys because it increases the occurrence of foot pad lesions, due to yield of watery droppings
that can contribute to foot problems in young turkey poults.
Keywords: Foot pad dermatitis, Growing turkey poult, Rendered poultry byproduct meal.
5.15 ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF PINEAPPLE AND NEEM LEAVES IN
EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED ASCARIDIA GALLI INFECTION OF BROILER CHICKENS
H.Prasad, W. M. Lyngdoh and G. Das
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences & A. H.,
Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl-796014, Mizoram
A study was carried in broiler chickens for comparative anthelmintic efficacy of neem and
pineapple leaves powder with piperazine hydrate for treatment of experimental Ascaridia galli
infection. In the present study, it was observed that the affected birds had lower levels of Hb,
PCV, Ca and P. There was considerable improvement in the haemato-biochemical profile after
treatment with neem and pineapple leaves extracts which was comparable to treatment with
piperazine hydrate. Neem and Pineapple leaves powder treatment was found to be cent percent
effective on the reducing the worms on 28th and 56th day post treatment, respectively.
5.16 EFFICACY OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN BROILER BIRDS
Siddiqui M F M F, A Y Kolte and S G Mode
PGIVAS, Akola (MAFSU)
Fourty Broiler chicks were vaccinated for Ranikhet Disease were divided into two groups.
One controlled and other treated with Cyclophosphamide @150 mg/kg body weight.
Cycloposphamide admiistered birds revealed significant reduction in TLC, Lymphocyte, PCV,
Hb, HI titre, Skin thickness with body weight gain. However, heterophils, eosinophils, monocytes
and basophils, were not affected and the levels were comparable to normal control group
indicating severe immunosuppression.
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5.17 IN VIVO EFFICACY OF HEAT KILLED Mycobacterium phlei AND MUSHROOM
POLYSACCHARIDE IN EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED SUB CLINICAL CAECAL
COCCIDIOSIS OF BROILER CHICKEN: A COMBINATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL,
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION
AK Bera, D Pan, D Bhattacharya, B. Manna and SK Das
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata700037
The present investigation was conducted to study the role of natural immunomodulators
in prevention of subclinical caecal coccidisis. Our findings revealed that 100 mg of heat killed
Mycobacterium phlei and mushroom polysaccharide per kg body weight at alternate days for
three doses can improve body weight gain, thymic index innate immune response and secretory
IgA production. On clinicopathological evaluation of caecal coccidiosis it was observed that heat
killed M. phlei and mushroom polysaccharide fed birds showed significantly improved (P<0.05)
caecal lesion score and reduced caecal oocyst load per gram of caecal content. However,
percentage reduction of parasite oocyst burden in caecal content was higher in that heat killed
M. phlei (68.30 %), followed by mushroom polysaccharide (62.08%). Molecular mechanism
underlying the activation of innate immune system by these agents were studied through
quantifying the expressed mRNA of IFN-γ (EU931580)) and iNOS gene (EF178279) by
normalizing the expression of β-actin gene (EU931581). Significant upregulation of iNOS gene
was found in both the immunomodulated group (p<0.01) where as IFN-γ was only up regulated
in mushroom polysaccharide treated group (P<0.05).
5.18 ANTISTRESS EFFECT OF INDIAN GOOSEBERRY (Emblica officinalis) AND
PROBIOTIC ON THE GROWTH AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF BROILERS DURING HOT
HUMID WEATHER
Untoo M., Sharma R.K.
Department of Livestock Production and Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana).
Antistress effect of Indian gooseberry and Probiotic alone as well as in combination was
evaluated on performance of broilers in hot humid weather up to 6 weeks age. Two hundred and
eighty-eight, day-old commercial broiler chicks were subjected to six dietary treatments
consisting of four replicates of twelve chicks in each treatment. The following treatments,
namely;T1-control,T2-0.5% Indian gooseberry ,T3-1.0% Indian gooseberry ,T4-0.02% Probiotic ,
T5-0.5%Indian gooseberry +0.02%Probiotic and T6-1.0% Indian gooseberry +0.02% Probiotic in
the basal diet of broiler were used. The body weight, cumulative weight gain, feed intake and
feed efficiency studied ranged from 1713.75g (T2) to 1787.17g (T4), 1667.10g (T2) to 1740.61g
(T4), 3333.96g (T2) to 3533.40g (T6) and 2.00 (T2) to 2.21 (T1) among various treatments at six
weeks of age, respectively.
Indian gooseberry and Probiotic supplementation alone or in combination in broiler diet
were safe and without adverse effect .Supplementation of Indian gooseberry, Probiotic and their
combination in broiler diet did not show significant effect on body weight, weight gain and feed
intake. However, feed conversion ratio of broilers fed 0.5% Indian gooseberry supplemented diet
was improved significantly (P<0.05) compared control.
Keywords: Indian gooseberry, Probiotic, Broiler, Hot Humid, Antistress.
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5.19 AMELIORATION OF CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANAEMIA VIRUS INDUCED
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH IMMUNOMODULATORS AND HAEMATINIC
SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHICKS
P. Bhatt, S.K. Shukla, A.K. Thathoo and Rajesh Kumar
Veterinary Clinics
G.B.P.U.A. & T, Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand
Chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) is highly immunosuppressive and economically
important disease of young chicken caused by chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) affecting
the poultry industry worldwide. The present investigation was undertaken to assess the efficacy
of different immunomodulators against this emerging poultry pathogen. For experimental study, a
total of 120 SPF broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (Group I to VI) with 20
chicks each. The chicks of all the groups were vaccinated against NCD and IBD with groups I
and II chicks serving as healthy and infected controls, respectively. Chicks of infected groups
(Group II to VI) were intramuscularly inoculated with CIAV whereas, chicks of treatment groups
(Group III to VI) in addition received different immunomodulators in drinking water for the entire
study period. All haematological parameters, viz. Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and DLC and humoural
immune response (HIR) were measured in experimental chicks at regular intervals. All the CIAV
infected birds showed a significant decline in cell count of erythrocytic and most leukocytic
lineages and decline in antibody titres against NCD and IBD suggesting depressed HIR and
immunosuppression. However, amongst the CIAV infected groups, the intensity of
immunosuppression was less severe in chicks supplemented with immunomodulators. The
results were suggestive of massive immunosuppressive potential of CIAV which can be
minimized using immunomodulators.
Keywords: Chicken infectious anaemia, Immunomodulators, Haematinic, Chicks.
5.20 PROTEUS MIRABILIS CAUSES ENTERITIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE WITH
PATHOGENICITY IN DUCKS
Regional Centre
Central Avian Research Institute
P.O.Baramunda, Bhubaneswa-751003, Orissa
Duck is an aquatic domestic bird reared by the small and marginal people in costal and
water reach states in India. There are several breeds of ducks like desi, Raajahaas, Khaki, Moti,
Charrachambely, Nageswari, Sannyasi are reared in different states in small flocks as an
ancillary income source with fish and paddy culture. Although the duck is not very much sensitive
with different viral and bacterial infections. In India very little work has been done on diseases
aspect in ducks. Duck rearing have much economic impact and profitable as the mortality and
morbidity due various ailments is minimum. The present study was undertaken to Isolate
Proteus infection from the duck in an organized duck farm.
A total of 5 morbid and 15 fecal samples of duck suffering from enteritis and respiratory
ailments were considered for isolation of the organism. Fecal samples from dead and ailing
ducks were collected for bacterial isolation, identification, drug sensitivity and pathogenicity test.
The fecal samples were cultured in Nutrient media followed by MacConkey and EMB.
Biochemical tests were performed for preliminary identification. Final identification of bacteria
was made amplifying 16S rDNA and sequebcing using PCR with universal primer. The isolates
were identified with product of sequence by blast at 97-99% similarity level. A pathogenicity test
was performed infecting the two weeks ducklings by oral route.
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Bacteriological investigation revealed that the organism were gram negative, shot rot and
motile. Growth in Nutrient agar and MacConkey is plenty but no characteristic metallic scheen
was not seen in EMB as E.coli does. Biochemical characterization revealed that the bacteria was
H2S production, Nitrate reduction, Simon citrate positive, in Triple sugar iron showed black
forming ferrous sulphide. Of the 20 samples six showed negative reaction with Oxidase, Sugar
fermentation test revealed that the bacteria fermented glucose, sucrose. xylose and trehalose
but did not ferment adonitol, arabinose, dulcitol, inositol, lactose, manitol, rhamnose salicin.
Priliminary study revealed the isolates may be Proteus mirabilis. Amplifying of 16S rDNA and
sequencing followed by blast revealed all the isolates were Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial
sensitivity test revealed that the organisms were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,
enrofloxacin, medium sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin but was
resistant to cloxacillin and doxycillin. Pathogenicity test revealed 12.5% mortality with clinical
signs of diarrhoea, loss of condition, mild lameness and respiratory distress.
Although proteius miranilis is an enteric bacteria not very much virulent organism but it
can causes several pathogenic conditions in ducks with mortality as high 50%. Several
conditions like septicemia, paralysis, pneumonia, enteritis are very common with Proteus
mirabilis infection. Identification of organism and proper antibiotic regime could restrict the
morbidity and mortality in duck.
5.21 SALMONELLOSIS IN DUCK: ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION
Regional Centre
Central Avian Research Institute
P.O.Baramunda, Bhubaneswa-751003, Orissa
Salmonellosis in chicken and duck is not uncommon. The infection occurs both by
horizontal and vertical transmission. Duckling and adult ducks are equally susceptible with
salmonellosis. Some time there is high morbidity and mortality in younger duckling especially
during first fourth weeks of age. Besides mortality economic losses due to morbidity and drop of
egg production on pathological conditions like enteritis, pneumonia, arthritis cases with
salmonella infection. An investigative study of salmonellosis in an organized duck farm was
undertaken to find out the Salmonellosis in duck.
Twenty five swab samples were collected from duck suffering from gastroenteritis (17),
respiratory distress (5) and liver disorder (3). The swabs were inoculated into the test tube
containing freshly prepared Selenite broth and incubated over night for bacterial propagation.
Positive culture from selenite broth were further inoculated in MacConkey agar and Brilliant
green agar. Smear from colony and broth cultures were stained Gram’s, tested motility,
biochemical test of Indole, Vogus- Proskauer and H2S production were done. Sugar fermentation
test with different sugars was accomplished. Antibiogram with different antibacterial agents was
done.
The study revealed that of the 25 isolates seven showed non motile, Gram negative,
slender rod and scattered. The colony in macConkey agar showed pale, smooth, transparent,
and raised. Colony in Brilliant green agar were mild pink against the pinkish background.
Biochemical test revealed that most of the isolates were H2S positive, indole and VP negative.
Sugar fermentation test revealed most of the isolates were positive for Arabinose, dextrose,
galactose, sucrose, xylose, while the isolates were non reactive for lactose, mamnose, salicin,
and dulcitol. Observation of the study with microscopy, biochemical, and sugar fermentation test
revealed the isolates were Salmonella gallinarum.
Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the Salmonella gallinarum were highly sensitive to
agithromycin, enrofloxacin, floxidin, gentamicin, and ofloxacin, medium sensitive to nitrofurazone,
sulphonamide,and ampicillin while salmonella was resistant to doxycycline, kanamycin,
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neomycin, cefixime and tetracycline. Salmonella in chicken is very common but very few work in
duck is avaible. Duck mostly at their younger stage suffer from infection with clinical signs of
respiratory disorders, gastroenteritis, blindness, and arthritis causing high morbidity, mortality
and production loss Isolation, identification and correct choice of antibiotic therapy can restrict
the production loss and mortality.
5.22 PROVENTRICULAR DILATATION DISEASE IN A BLUE-GOLD MACAW
Shiwani.D. Tandel, Siddharth Sable
B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc (Animal Reproduction), Bombay Veterinary College, B.V.Sc & A.H.,
M.V.Sc (Veterinary Pathology), Bombay Veterinary College
A Blue-gold macaw/ unsexed / 4month old baby/ 720 gms was admitted for anorexia. The
bird was agitated and was making begging noises for food. It was dehydrated and not accepting
the food when syringe fed. Inj Ampoxin and Calcium Gluconate were administered. The next
morning the bird looked better and ate but vomited out 3 to 5 ml of formula in 15 mins. It seemed
restless and dull. Inj Perinorm was administered i/m. He was hungry in the afternoon but did not
eat on his own .Finally he was fed the bird critical care formulae. He was also given Milk thistle
orally.
Abnormalities in the blood picture showed platelet aggregations and heterophilia. The
total protein was low as was the albumin. The phosphorous values were very high. Stool sample
revealed occult blood and undigested food.
Since the bird was not was passing only urine an intestinal obstruction was suspected.
Radiographs were performed that evening. It was noted that the proventriculus was extremely
dilated and covered almost half of the bird celomic cavity was distended and filled with gas.
Proventricular dilatation disease / PDD was suspected.
PDD has 2 forms. The first is a gastrointestinal (GI) form and the second is a neurologic
form. PDD damages the nerves in the GI tract and as they become more and more damaged,
the bowel’s ability to function normally, lessens. Birds with PDD may be weak and have a
reduced ability to perch or walk; one or both legs may be paralyzed; they might have head
tremors; and occasionally they have seizures.
The virus causing this disease was recently identified as avian bornavirus in 2008.
It was very difficult to treat this infection earlier although in the past several years, more and
more veterinarians have reported success in the treatment of PDD by using high doses of
powerful anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs are thought to work by reducing the amount of
inflammatory nerve damage that occurs as PDD progresses. Several birds with PDD confirmed
by tissue biopsies have survived many months and in some cases several years with this
treatment.
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EQUINE AND PACK ANIMAL
MEDICINE
6.1 ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT LARYNGEAL HEMIPLEGIA IN A THOROUGHBRED
HORSE
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-7.
A seven years old Thoroughbred gelding was brought to the Large Animal Clinic Out
Patient Medicine unit with the history of exercise intolerance, poor performance and respiratory
noise during exercise. Clinical examination revealed rise of respiratory rate and respiratory noise
while trotting without nasal discharge. Unrewarding results were found in haematological
examination. Endoscopic examination of upper respiratory tract at rest revealed symmetrical and
synchronized abduction and adduction with transient asynchrony or delayed abduction of
arytenoids cartilage as evident of left laryngeal hemiplegia.
6.2 ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF PHARYNGEAL LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA IN A
THOROUGHBRED HORSE
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-7.
A six years old Thoroughbred gelding was brought to the Large Animal Clinic Out Patient
Medicine unit with the history of exercise intolerance and poor performance. Clinical examination
revealed rise of respiratory rate and respiratory distress while trotting. Unrewarding results were
found in haematological examination. Endoscopic examination of upper respiratory tract at rest
revealed hyperplasia of the tonsilar tissue to the dorsal pharyngeal recess and the roof of the
pharynx. Besides lymphoid hyperplasia few small masses arising from dorsal pharyngeal recess
as evident of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia.
6.3 BOG SPAVIN AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN A KATHIAWARI HORSE
College of Veterinary Science, Tirupatii- 517501.
A fourteen years old kathiawari gelding was brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical
complex with the complaint of swelling of the tibiotarsal joint of the hock and limping of right hind
limb. Clinical examination revealed distended, soft, fluctuant swelling on the front of the hock
joint, as well as in the medial and lateral plantar pouches. Affected joint around 15 ml of fluid was
drained from the swelling with the use of 20 gauge needle and to intra articular methyl
prednisolone 2ml was injected. Pressure bandage was applied and Esgipyrin 10 ml i/m for three
days was given. The outcome of case will be discussed.
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6.4 CLINICO-HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF
IMPACTIVE COLIC IN HORSES
N. Chand, S.K.Uppal, C.S. Randhawa, R.S. Singh, D. K. Gupta, Ashwani Kumar
and K. Dua
Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical complex
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University,
Ludhiana-141001. Punjab
Study was conducted on 14 horses aged 2-14 years( 9 female and 5 male) presented at
Teaching Veterinary Hospital of the Institute during January 2009 to march 2010 with the history
of cessation of defecation and abdominal pain since last 1 to 4 days. Clinical examination
revealed normal temperature, increased heart rate and increased respiration rate. Hematological
examination revealed normal hemoglobin, leucocytosis in 10 animals and leucopenia in 4
animals. Fecal sample examination revealed rare strongyle eggs in 3 animals only. Per rectal
examination revealed impaction location to be the pelvic flexure in 7 animals, left colon in 3
animals and right colon in 2 animals. No impactive mass was felt in 2 horses and in these 2
animals, gastric reflux was recorded. Affected animals were treated with crystalloid fluid @ 4080ml/kg bwt, analgesics. Paraffin oil was given @ 2 litre mixed in equal volume of luke warm
water through nasogastric intubation either once or twice depending on the requirement.
Antibiotics were used in the horses with high TLC and in which trocarization was performed.
Ivermectin was administered @ 0.02mg/kg bwt orally in the horses positive for strongyle worms.
Trocarization of caecum or colon was done in horses having severe abdominal distension.
Above treatment lead to complete clinical recovery in 12 animals within 3 to 5 days while 2
horses which, had gastric reflux died on 3rd day of treatment.
6.5 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FENBENDAZOLE, ALBENDAZOLE AND DORAMECTIN
AGAINST STRONGYLE WORMS OF PONIES IN CENTRAL ZONE OF KASHMIR VALLEY
Maria, A., Shahardar, R.A. and Bushra, M.
The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole, albendazole and doramectin against strongyle
worms (cyathostomes, Strongylus spp. and Triodontophorus spp.) of ponies was evaluated
under field conditions in different areas of central zone of Kashmir Valley. Sixty adult ponies
were randomly divided into three groups. Each group further comprised of 5 ponies which served
as infected untreated control and 15 ponies which received treatment. Treatment animals of
group 1 and group 2 received oral treatment with fenbendazole @ 7.5 mg/kg b.w. and
albendazole @ 5 mg/kg b.wt whereas treatment animals of group3 received sub-cutaneous
treatment with doramectin @ 0.2 mg/kg b.wt respectively. Faecal samples were collected from
each animal of each group on 0, 7th, 14th and 28th day for calculating EPG by Stoll’s method.
Although, each of the three drugs was found to have an efficacy of 100% against strongyle
worms of ponies but albendazole and doramectin were found to cause faster faecal egg count
reduction (FECR), as compared to fenbendazole.
On day 7th post-treatment fenbendazole
treated group showed only 85.81% FECR whereas doramectin and albendazole showed higher
FECR of 92.90% and 93.89%, respectively. However, all the three drugs resulted in to 100%
FECR of treatment groups on day 14th post-treatment. Although fenbendazole treated group still
showed 100.00 per cent FECR against strongyle worms on day 28th post-treatment but FECR of
albendazole and doramectin treated group slightly decreased to 98.85% and 99.67%
respectively on day 28th post-treatment.
Key words: Fenbendazole, Albendazole, Doramectin, Ponies, strongyle worms
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6.6 ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH PROFILE OF CAMELS (Camelus dromedaries) OF NORTH
GUJARAT AND KUTCHH REGION
College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry,
SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Dist: Banaskantha (Gujarat)
The general condition and health of a Camel (Camelus dromedaries) can be recognized
through physical examination by clinician using parameters familiar to him. The principles
involved in the clinical examination and diagnosis of the camel, are no different than those used
and recognized by clinician for any domesticated animal. Temperature, pulse, respiratory rate,
body and coat condition, skin lesion distribution are parameters measured for assessing health
profile of camel. Total of 120 camels were selected to assess different health measures in
camels of north Gujarat and Kutchh region.
6.7 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAD EXPOSURE IN RURAL AND URBAN CAMELS
(CAMELUS DROMEDARIES) OF NORTH GUJARAT AND KUTCHH REGION
Camels (Camelus dromedaries) of Gujarat state besides playing important role in
production, has remained important tool for transportation link between rural and urban area.
Male camels in state predominantly used for transportation attached to camel carts. They
regularly travel to the cities through highways and therefore constantly exposed to pollution
especially from automobile fumes beside feeding and grazing on the plant of roadside area and
exposed to fall out of heavy metal particle of nearby industries make them vulnerable to ill effect
of pollution.
The study was undertaken to estimate extent of lead exposure in urban camel was
compared with camels of an organized farm of Kutchh region. A total of 50 blood and 20 hair
samples were collected and analyzed. The highest blood lead level were found to be 2.080ppm
and lowest to be 0.141ppm in blood. Highest lead level in hair was found to be 2.310ppm and
lowest to be 0.248ppm.
6.8 COMPARATIVE STATUS OF OSMOTIC FRAGILITY OF ERYTHROCYTES IN RURAL
AND URBAN CAMELS (Camelus dromedaries) OF NORTH GUJARAT AND KUTCHH
REGION
Camels (Camelus dromedaries) besides providing a vital role in rural economy also help
in pulling cart and transporting agricultural products. Camel was considered to be sturdy animal
adapted to hot, arid and sandy region. Camel erythrocytes are considered to be relatively
resistant than other species and can be an animal model. Response of erythrocyte to osmotic
shock was different when compared to other domestic animal and human being.
A study was conducted on 50 blood sample collected from rural and urban camel and put
in different solution to measure osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. There was no variation recorded
in fragility of either rural or urban camels.
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6.9 PREVALENCE OF EQUINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN JAMMU
Randhir Singh, S. K. Gupta and S. R. Upadhyay
Division of VCM & J, FVSc & AH,
SKUAST-J, RS Pura, Jammu
Sero prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in equines was studied from December
2009 to September 2010 in three different agro climatic zones of Jammu division i.e., Temperate,
Intermediate and subtropical zone. After screening 286 equine, the overall sero prevalence of
Trypanosoma evansi infection (by indirect ELISA) was found to be 27.27 per cent (78/ 286). The
prevalence with PWBF was recorded as 1.04 per cent (3/286), 1.74 per cent (5/286) with Giemsa
staining and 4.19 per cent (12/286) with MHCT. Equines of 2-5 years of age (32.44 per cent
61/188) were found to be most affected followed by 5-10 years (25.39 per cent 16/63) and > 10
year (8.33 per cent 1/12) old equines. No equine below 2 years of age was found positive in this
study. The overall prevalence was recorded to be highest in winter (28.94 percent) followed by
monsoon (27.90 percent) and least in summer (25.80 percent).
6.10 EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF SOME ANTHELMINTICS IN
EQUINE STRONGYLOSIS
Pankaj Prakash, J.L.Singh, Mahesh Kumar & A.H.Ahmad
Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GBPUA&T,
Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand.
To select a choice of anthelmintic for rational treatment of equine strongylosis, a study
was conducted on randomly selected 50 pack animals, having >7400 epg and showing the
clinical signs of strongylosis. These 50 animals were further randomly divided in 5 groups namely
I, II, III, IV, & V , each group were having equal animals. Out of them first four groups of pack
animals were rationally treated with albendazole @ 10 mg/kg b.wt. orally once, fenbendazole @
10 mg/kg b.wt. orally once, doramectin @ 200 µg /kg b.wt. I/M once and closantel @ 10 mg/kg
b.wt. orally once, respectively. Beside rational treatment a common supportive therapy
medication protocol, comprises of Ringer Lactate & Isolyte-M infusion @ 25-40 ml/kg b.wt. I/V
OD, flumixin meglumine @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt. I/M bid for 3days, liquid paraffin @10-15 ml/kg.b.wt.
orally single dose, Liver tonic ( Livol powder ) 25 gm orally bid for 7 days & Iron sorbitol @ 10 ml.
I/M weekly for 3 weeks. Group V animals were kept as diseased control. The anthelmintic
efficacy of various drugs was assessed on the basis of epg at 0, 7th & 14th days of medication.
Complete blood cellular counts, assay of serum bio-chemicals & enzymes at 0, 7th & 14th days of
medication and disappearance of abnormal clinical signs of colic , dehydration , & lowering of
pulse rate were the other criteria of adjudging of superior anthelmintics. The therapeutic efficacy
of doramectin , closantel, albendazole & fenbendazole were recorded as 100%, 97.85%, 97.05%
and 96.51% respectively. This therapeutic managemental study had shown that doramectin is
the drug of primary choice followed by closantel, albendazole & fenbendazole in the series.
6.11 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATUS OF EQUINE STRONGYLOSIS IN SOME PARTS OF U.P.
AND UTTARAKHAND
Pankaj Prakash, J.L.Singh, Mahesh Kumar & S.K. Shukla
Pantnagar-263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand
An epidemiological investigation of total 900 pack animals had been carried out to assess
the prevalence status of equine strongylosis in some parts of UP and Uttarakhand and to plan
deworming protocol of equine population in the study area. Substantial equine population (100200) of Gaurikund (Rudraprayag), Nainital & Haldwani of Uttarakhand & Deorania (Bareilly) &
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Kameri (Rampur) of U.P. were randomly screened for the Strongylosis on the basis of health
checkup & faecal Strongyle eggs examination. Overall 78.5% (707/900) prevalence of the equine
strongylosis was recorded. Area wise highest prevalence (89%) was recorded at Deorania,
whereas lowest rate (58%) was recorded in Nainital. The prevalence rate in other areas were
86%, 65% & 84.5% in Kameri, Gaurikund and Haldwani respectively. The mean epg values at 5
different area of study viz Haldwani, Nainital, Deorania, Kameri, & Gaurikund were
1540.82±53.26, 1154.70±86.2, 1507.58±61.97, 1477.32±52.17 and 1247.69±50.47 respectively.
Species wise prevalence in Horse, Mule & Donkey were 76.9%, 82.85%, & 78.10% respectively.
Age wise prevalence of infection was 82.05% in <5 yrs of age and 76.7% in >5 yrs of age.
Overall the prevalence of small strongyles was very high in comparison to the large strongyles
infection in all study area.
6.12 PINWORM INFESTATION IN A KATHIAWADI HORSE
Mohd.Mohsinuddin
MAFSU, Akola (M.S.) – 444104.
A Kathiawadi horse aged about 4yrs from local area of Akola was brought to
TVCC,Hospital of our Institute with a complaint of continuous itching, loss of hairs around tail and
weak condition. Upon clinical examination there was alopecia at perianal region, around base of
tail and bilaterally on chest region with pruritus. The faecal sample examination revealed
presence of numerous eggs of nematode Oxyuris equi commonly known as Pinworm. The horse
was treated with Inj. Ivermectin @ 200µg/kg B.Wt. given subcutaneously, Inj.Chlorpheneramine
maleate 10ml.I/M and orally Bolus Fenbendazole @ 7.5mg/Kg.B.Wt. and other supportive
treatment The same treatment was repeated once after 15days. The animal showed recovery
after 1month.
6.13 CLINICO – HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON IMPACTIVE COLIC
IN EQUINES
Department of Veterinary Medicine, CCS HAU, Hisar 125 004
Some clinico-haematological and biochemical parameters were investigated in equines
suffering from impactive colic. Blood samples were collected from 12 equines suffering from
impactive colic. For comparison 12 apparently healthy equines reared under hygienic
conditions were taken as healthy controls. Haematological examination included
determination of levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte
count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), clotting time and bleeding time (CT and
BT). Biochemical investigations included serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine(SC) and total
serum protein (TSP).
Clinical observations in diseased equines included abdominal pain manifested by
restlessness, looking at flank and anorexia. The animals were not passing faeces and exhibited
frequent recumbency and getting up. Some of the horses showed frequent attempts to urinate or
defecate and rolling on the ground. General condition of all these animals was poor and there
was moderate degree of dehydration. Mucus membranes of these animals were dry and
pale/slightly congested.
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There was remarkable increase (p<0.01) in rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse
rate, Hb, PCV, TLC, neutrophil percentage, AST, ALT, BUN, SC and TSP while lymphocyte
percentage, CT and BT decreased significantly (p<0.01) in diseased animals before treatment.
Keywords: Clinico–haematological; biochemical; NSAID; impactive colic; equines
6.14 THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON IMPACTIVE COLIC IN EQUINES
Therapeutic management of equines suffering from impactive colic was studied in twelve
equines. Diseased animals were divided into two groups (I and II) consisting of six animals each.
For comparison 12 apparently healthy equines reared under similar management
conditions were taken as healthy controls for clinico-haemato-biochemical studies.
Animals of group I were administered a drug combination consisting of inj. pentazocine,
liquid paraffin and fluid therapy (parenteral only). Animals of group II were administered
another drug combination consisting of inj. ketoprofen, liquid paraffin, fluid therapy (oral
and parenteral) and tab. metoclopramide. Blood samples were collected once from
control and thrice from diseased animals that is at 0 hour (pre treatment), at 24 and 4 8
hours of treatment. Haematological examination included determination of levels of Hb,
PCV, TLC, DLC, CT and BT. Biochemical investigations included determination of levels
of AST, ALT, BUN, serum creatinine and total serum protein. Treatment with drug regimen
administered to the animals of group II was found better as compared to therapeutic regimen of
group I. There was better restoration of hematological and clinico-biochemical parameters
towards normal in animals of group II as compared to those of group I post- treatment.
Keywords: pentazocine; neoprofen; NSAID; therapeutics; impactive colic; equines.
6.15 SPASMODIC COLIC AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN A HORSE
V K Jain, Rakesh Kumar, Sridhar, Neelesh Sindhu, Sushma Yadav and Divya Agnihotri
A horse aged about three years and weighing about 275 kg suffering from spasmodic
colic since last 12 hrs was brought for treatment to the Veterinary Clinic. The clinical picture was
restlessness, intermittent episodes of rolling on the ground, pawing and kicking for a few minutes
and then standing normally for a few minutes until next bout of pain occurred. The animal was
anorectic, oliguric, water intake was absent and scanty faeces were passed. In clinical
investigations rectal temperature was 101.6 o F, pulse rate 65 and respiration rate 36. Loud
rumbling borborygmi were audible on auscultation of abdomen. The treatment prescribed was inj
Hyospas* (hyoscine butyl bromide 20 mg/ml) 10 ml, im, and inj Nunac* (acelofenac 150 mg/ml)
10 ml, im alogwith Ringer’s lactate 8 lit, iv and liquid paraffin 3 lit alongwith bolus ofloxacin plus
tinidazole through naso-gastric tube. Some response to the above treatment was seen in about
two hrs after its administration and it was repeated next day also to get complete cure.
*M/s Medicure Solutions, Delhi
Keywords: Spasmodic Colic; NSAID; spasmolytic agent, therapeutics; equine
6.16 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS IN HORSES AND
MULES OF JAMMU REGION
Gagandeep Singh, J.S. Soodan, J.K. Khajuria, Rajesh Agrawal and Abha Tikoo
Parasitism in working equines has been shown to be a major source of ill health resulting
in substantial health problems and decreased performances. There fore epidemiological studies
on the prevalence of gastro intestinal helminths in horses and mules of Jammu region was
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carried out from July 2009 to June 2010. Out of a total 532 faecal samples examined, 394 were
found positive with a prevalence of 74.06 per cent and the common parasites observed were
Strongylus spp (57.61 %), Strongyloides spp (13.95 %), Ascarids (4.82 %), Oxyurids (7.10 %),
Amphistomes (4.06 %) and mixed infection (12.43 %). In horses, an over all prevalence of 75.73
per cent (259/342) was observed as compared to 71.05 per cent (135/190) in mules. Area wise
studies revealed higher infection rate at Katra (77.91 %) than at R.S.Pura (65.18 %). Sex wise
higher prevalence was recorded in female equines (75.73 %) as compared to males (72.30 %).
Season wise the intensity of infection (mean feacal EPG) was highest in monsoon (79.35 %)
followed by post monsoon (74.28 %), summer (69.23 % ) while it was lowest in winter (59.70 %).
Coproculture examination revealed that both the horses and mules were harbouring
predominately Strongylus spp. and Strongyloides spp. throughout the season.
6.17 ALTERATIONS IN THE CLINICAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS IN THE CASES OF EQUINE COLIC
Gagandeep Singh, J.S. Soodan, A.K. Tripathi and Shafayat Ahmed Beigh
Gastrointestinal diseases causing signs of abdominal pain is commonly referred to as
colic. However in colic cases, a correct clinical diagnosis of the site and type of intestinal lesion is
often difficult and the identification of significant clinical and laboratory variables might therefore
be useful for the prognosis of the disease Therefore this study was aimed at determination of
significant clinical haematological and biochemical changes in equines suffering from various
types of colic which will help in the future prognosis. A total of 31 cases of colic were studied for
a period of one year out of which twenty two were of impactive colic, five of obstructive colic and
four of spasmodic colic. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, abnormal mucous
membrane colour, abnormal abdominal sounds, prolonged capillary refill time and varying
degree of dehydration. Hemato biochemical examination revealed increased haemogram,
neutrophil, total protein in impactive and obstructive colic, and increased BUN and creatinine in
all three types of colic. Acid base examination revealed metabolic acidosis in 28.57% cases of
impactive colic, 66 % cases of obstructive colic and all cases of spasmodic colic and metabolic
alkalosis in 71.42% cases of impactive colic and 33% of obstructive colic. Decreased calcium
and sodium was seen in all types of colic where as increased potassium level was seen in cases
of metabolic acidosis.
6.18 MOSQUITO BITE ALLERGIC DERMATITIS IN HORSE: A CASE REPORT
Sawalkar R.S., R.V. Suresh, M. Maheshkrishna, B. Gowri, A.P. Nambi
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007
A total number of six through bred gelding aged 6 to 12 years were brought to Large
Animal Clinic, Medicine Unit of Madras Veterinary college Hospital with the history of
inappetence, pruritus, acting unusual, and so many mosquitoes present in stable. Physical
examination revealed urticarial eruption all over their neck, chest, face and shoulder region,
Scratch the bumps to relieve the terrific itch. Examination of head region revealed swelling
around the eye lids, roseate conjunctival mucous membrane and rapid, shallow respiration.
Tentatively cases were diagnosed as mosquito bite allergic dermatitis. The body temperature of
these horses ranged from 102°F to 103°F. Fecal examination of these animals revealed absence
of helminthes eggs. Leucogram study revealed elevated leukocytic count and eosinophilia. The
cases were confirmed as mosquito bite allergic dermatitis on the basis of fecal examination and
leucogram study. These cases were treated with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and antihistamine
drugs.
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6.19 CLINICAL DISORDERS AS WELL AS BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN DROMEDARIES
DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS
D. SuchitraSena, N.Sharma and N.V. Patil
National Research Centre on Camel, P.B.No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner-334001 RAJASTHAN
Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are considered as ship of the desert ecosystem. They
can thrive well under harsh environmental conditions of extremes of temperature. According to
FAO statistics there are about 19 million camels in the world, of which 15 millions were found in
Africa and 4 million in Asia. India occupies a total of 632 thousand camels with 498 thousands
existing in Rajasthan (17th Livestock Census Reports, 2003).
A survey was conducted in different districts of Rajasthan viz., Jodhpur, Jaisalmer,
Barmer, Nagaur and Udaipur during monsoon and winter seasons of the year 2009-2010. Blood
samples were collected from the healthy camels for the estimation of biochemical parameters
viz., blood glucose, urea, creatinine, protein profile. The clinical disorders noticed were also
recorded during the survey.
The
commonly noticed digestive disorders were indigestion and enteritis. The commonly noticed
ectoparasitic infections were mange and fungal infection. The endoparasitic infection noticed was
nematodiasis. Few reproductive disorders of infertility, abortions during late pregnancy were
reported. Surgical affections involved injuries on different parts
Apart from
this, in neonatal calves pneumonia was reported. During the survey two viral infections were
noticed around Jodhpur district mainly contagious ecthyma and pox infections.
6.20 PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS AEROGINOSA IN HORSE- A CASE
REPORT
J. S. Soodan, A.K. Tripathi, B. Kumar, A. Tikko
Division of Veterinary Clinic &Teaching Hospital
FVSc&AH, SKUAST-J, R.S. Pura, Jammu-181102
A male horse aged 5 years brought to college clinics with the history of nasal discharge,
respiratory distress and coughing since last 3 days and treated by local veterinarian with Broad
spectrum antibiotic, antihistaminics and anti-inflamatory drugs without any improvement in the
condition of animal. Clinical examination revealed high fever (106.4oF), polypnoea with
dyspnoea, bilateral mucopurulent greenish discharge from nostrils having putrid odor, congested
mucosa, auscultation of lung area revealed severe pulmonary congestion with moist rales,
choking in the trachea was also noticeable on auscultation. Nasal swabs were taken for
microbilogical isolation and culture sensitivity test. The case was diagnosed to be suffering from
pneumonia and immediately treated with Intamox, antihistaminics, antinflamatory and mucolytics
and expoctorants, owner was advised to give vapors of turpentine oil. Cultural details include
pink colonies on MLA, Smooth glistening, yellowish colonies with clear zone of hemolysis on
Brilliant Agar with putrid odor, greenish pigment production on Nutrient agar slant, biochemical
characteristics include positive for catalase, oxidase and nitrate. Culture sensitivity testing reveal,
highly resistant bacteria only sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacine, and resistant to
streptomycin, oxytetracycline, gentamycin, penicillin G and ceftizoxime. On the basis of cultural
and biochemical testing the organism is suspected as Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Fate of animal
could not be known because owner doesn’t report further.
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6.21 ENTEROLITH ASSOCIATED IMPACTION COLIC IN A HORSE: A CASE STUDY
Selvaraj, P, Umesh, C, G, Sridhar, S, Jeyaraja, K, Suresh, R,V and Nambi, A, P.
Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai-7
An Indian gelding aged 15 years was presented to the Large Animal Medicine Out-patient
Clinic of the Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with the complaints of abdominal pain,
kicking and reduced defecation. The horse was previously treated for recurrent episodes of colic.
In the current episode, it was presented for a week long recurrent colic of intermittent and low
grade nature. The vital signs varied moderately during episodes of colic and resumed normally.
Rectal palpation revealed a distended caecum on right abdomen. It was tentatively diagnosed as
‘Impaction Colic’. The abdominal pain responded to analgesics (Flunixin meglumine), Fluids (RL
and MES) and liquid paraffin via naso-gastric tubes. However, only few episodes of scanty
defaecation and urination were observed. Upon mild recovery, the owner did not visit the
hospital. However he reported after a week and the horse was under continuous care in LAC-IPM. Ultrasonographic evaluation of Abdomen revealed distended caecum. The horse was treated
for impaction colic and got recovered and was not showing signs of colic for about 5 days. After a
week it developed a severe episode of colic and its right hind leg got fractured. The Horse was
euthanized upon owner’s request. Post mortem revealed a huge enterolith in the distal portion of
the ventral colon. The details of the case were presented and discussed.
Key words: Horses - Impaction Colic- Enterolith
6.22 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTIVE VERMINUS COLIC IN A FEMALE
DONKEY
Sujata Turkar, C. S. Randhawa and K. Dua
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab
A seven years old female donkey was presented with a complaint of not passing feces
and colic for past 4 days. Further investigations with owner revealed that animal had a history of
consuming polythene bags. Clinical examination showed normal temperature, respiration rate
and increased heart rate. Per rectal examination revealed constipated feces containing ropes
and polythene remnants in rectum and constipated feces in small colon. Hematological
examination revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis and coprological examination was found positive
for Strongylus eggs. On the basis of compatible history and clinical signs, the case was
diagnosed as impactive verminus colic. The animal was successfully treated with normal saline,
analgesic, purgative, ivermectin and antibiotic.
6.23 MEDICINAL MANAGEMENT OF TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN A HORSE-A CASE REPORT
S.U.Digraskar, B.W.Narladkar, V.D.Muley, M.P.Sakhare, P.B.Hase, Karale A.D, Jaybhaye R.S.
and Bhujbal R.D.
A female horse ageing about 5 year old was referred to the Department of Veterinary
Medicine with a history of chronic anorexia, odematous swelling on both the hind legs extending
towards ventral abdomen and emaciation. The horse was previously treated at local veterinary
hospital. Clinical examination of the horse revealed moderate increase in rectal temperature,
tachycardia and tachypnoea with extensive involvement of abdominal muscles during respiration,
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pallor conjuctival mucosa, rough hair coat and lameness. Blood wet mount preparation revealed
large number of flagellates moving through the microscopic field. Giemsa-stained blood smear
showed bunches of extracellular trypanosomes in between RBCs indicating high parasitaemia.
Haematological analysis revealed marked drop in red cell parameters and leukocytosis.
Differential leukocyte count indicated significant neutrophilia. Blood biochemical analysis
revealed severe nephropathy and moderate hepatopathy. The horse was immediately subjected
to Quinapyramine sulphate @ 4.4 mg/kg bwt. Subcutaneously as a preferred quintrycide along
with supportive therapeutic regimen. The details of the clinical case shall be discussed.
6.24 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EQUINE COLIC IN GUJARAT STATE: STUDY OF 24 CASES
S.K. Raval
College of Veterinary Science & A.H.
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
Colic is defined as acute abdominal pain. The term colic is commonly used to refer to
gastrointestinal upset in the horse that may stem from any one of a number of causes. The
overall prevalence rate of colic was 19.67% (24/122). In individual species, prevalence rate of
colic was 28.20%, 18.75%, 18.18%, and 10.34% in Marwari breed, Kathiyawari, Indian thorough
breed and non-descript breed respectively. The highest prevalence rate of colic was observed in
adult (34.28%), in male horses (35.90%), in good condition group of horses (21.13%), in good
hygiene condition (22.41%), in pakka housing (21.69%) and in month of May (50.00%). Feeding
of concentrate more than 3.5kg/day and sudden change in the diet were two main factors found
to be increase the incidence of colic whereas number of time of feeding has not played any role.
Mortality rate due to colic was 0.82% (01/24) where as the case fatality rate due colic was 4.17%
respectively.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Colic, Horse
6.25 TUMBA AS A LAXATIVE IN CAMEL: A CASE STUDY
N.Sharma, D. Suchitra Sena and N.V. Patil
National Research Centre on Camel, P.B.No. 07, Jorbeer, Bikaner-334001 RAJASTHAN
Camels (Camelus dromedarius) can thrive well under harsh environmental conditions of
extremes of temperature. India occupies a total of 632 thousand camels with 498 thousands
existing in Rajasthan (17th Livestock Census Reports, 2003). Medicinal plants are commonly
used in treating and preventing specific ailments and diseases, and are generally considered to
play a beneficial role in healthcare. World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that
approximately 80% of the developing world's population meets their Primary Healthcare needs
through traditional medicine. Within the last few decades, many plants have been screened for
their biological and pharmacological properties by researchers. India is a veritable emporium of
medicinal plants since ancient times, these plants have been used to attempt cures for disease
and to relieve physical suffering. Tumba is a perennial, trailing, scabrid herb, belonging to the
family cucurbitacae and genus Citrullus. It is a desert creeper which spreads rapidly after
monsoon on the desert land. It is one of the important cucurbits having better xerophytic
adaptation, found in warmer climate and tropical areas. The dried pulp of fruits, and roots have
medicinal properties.
In an experimental camel where in acid indigestion was induced using jaggery, the
symptoms of off feed, mild bloat, vomiting, depressed, recumbent, dried constipated stools were
noticed. In this camel prior to therapy and after completion of the treatment blood samples for
serum biochemical estimations and the rumen fluid samples for the physico-chemical,
biochemical estimations were collected. The camel was successfully treated without any
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mortality. The camel was given tumba root powder @ 10g/100 kg b.wt. apart from administering
standard therapy for systemic acidosis and therapy was found effective. The effectiveness of
tumba root powder as a laxative is to be explored in the near future for its biological and
pharmacological properties.
6.26 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EQUINE COLIC IN GUJARAT STATE: STUDY OF 24 CASES
S.K. Raval
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India
Colic is defined as acute abdominal pain. The term colic is commonly used to refer to
gastrointestinal upset in the horse that may stem from any one of a number of causes. The
overall prevalence rate of colic was 19.67% (24/122). In individual species, prevalence rate of
colic was 28.20%, 18.75%, 18.18%, and 10.34% in Marwari breed, Kathiyawari, Indian thorough
breed and non-descript breed respectively. The highest prevalence rate of colic was observed in
adult (34.28%), in male horses (35.90%), in good condition group of horses (21.13%), in good
hygiene condition (22.41%), in pakka housing (21.69%) and in month of May (50.00%). Feeding
of concentrate more than 3.5kg/day and sudden change in the diet were two main factors found
to be increase the incidence of colic whereas number of time of feeding has not played any role.
Mortality rate due to colic was 0.82% (01/24) where as the case fatality rate due colic was 4.17%
respectively.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Colic, Horse
6.27 EQUINE PARALYTIC MYOGLOBINURIA IN A YOUNG MALE HORSE-A CASE STUDY
D.G.Dighe, R.V.Gaikwad, R.D.Velhankar,C.N.Galdhar and D.V.Keskar
Dept. of Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College
A four years old horse with the history of sudden paralytic attack, myoglobinuria and
anorexia was admitted to Animal hospital, Parel. The horse had history of sudden exercise was
fed on heavy grain diet.
On the clinical examination it was found that the horse had increased temperature
(1040F), profuse sweating and had many bed sores. The animal was not able to support on its
four legs. The blood biochemistry picture revealed increased serum creatinine levels, SGOT and
Alkaline phosphatase levels. The coffee color urine was due to myoglobinuria.
The horse was further treated with fluid therapy @ 150 ml /kg.b.wt., antibiotic such as inj
ampicilline-cloxacilline @ 10 mg/ kg.b.wt., inj.ATS 3000 I.U, pain killer such as inj. Meloxicalm
20 ml intramuscularly along with nervine stimulants s.a inj. B1,B6,B12.Inj. Frusemide @ 1mg/Kg
b.wt. However, the horse succumbs within four days of treatment.
6.28 TREATMENT OF EYEWORM IN HORSE WITH LEVAMISOLE
K.C. Gangurde
Livestock Development Officer, Veterinary Dispensary, Umrale (Bk) Tal- Dindori, Dist- Nashik
One of the parasitic diseases among the horses is eyeworm caused by Thelazia
lacrymalis. The eyeworm infestation is frequently encountered in horse. A18 month’s horse
presented with complaint of sudden onset of corneal opacity of right eye with slight lacrimation.
The clinical examination revealed presence of eyeworm. The eyeworm infestation might be
treated efficiently with 1% levamisole lotion (Radostitis, 1994). The 1% levamisole lotion was
applied twice a day until the confirmation of disappearance of eyeworm. To decrease the corneal
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opacity. Hypersol was applied after 90 min of application of lotion. The corneal opacity was
decreased slowly to normal. The present case was treated successfully with levamisole.
Keyword: eyeworm.
6.29 TREATMENT OF HYGROMA OF CARPUS WITH METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE
IN HORSE
K.C. Gangurde
Livestock Development Officer, Veterinary Dispensary, Umrale (Bk) Tal- Dindori, Dist- Nashik
A hygroma is a swelling over dorsal surface of carpus, which may be lined by cells that
secret fluid like synovial fluid in a colour and consistency. Most commonly it is acquired
pseudodermitis resulting from trauma. Hygroma also can be produced as a result of a horse
hitting of carpus on a hard surface. The present case reports the treatment of hygroma of carpus
in a horse at veterinary dispensary, A/P – Umrale (bk) Tal- Dindori, Dist- Nashik. A 17 months
old male horse was presented at veterinary dispensary with complaint of swelling of knee joint of
left foreleg. Clinical examinations revealed swelling over dorsal surface of carpus. The horse was
hitted carpal joint to hard portion while under training before 3 days. The swelling was cleaned
with antiseptic agent and punctured with fine needle. The fluid was aspirated which was a serous
type. The corticosteroid such as Inj. Depo-medrol (Methylprednisolone acetate) 40 mg/ml
(Frisbie 1998), 2.5 ml was injected once and sterile bandage applied with elasic bandage
support. The detection time for methyl prednisolone acetate is 14 days for 100 mg dose (FEI).
The continued pressure of elastic bandage was used to promote adhesions between the slightly
distended skin and underlying tissues. The dorsal surface of carpus cleaned aseptically and
elastic bandage was changed daily for five days. The horse was adviced rest fot 4-5 days.
Simultaneously the horse was treated parentrally with Inj. Dicrysticin 2.5 gm i/m and Inj.
Esgipyrin 20 ml i/m for 5 days and inj. Tetanus toxiod 5 ml i/m for single dose. Animal shows
marked improvement after 5 days of successive treatment. The present case of hygroma might
be due to the trauma. However, in a routine equine clinical practice soft tissue swelling in the
equine extremity usually caused by inflammation from trauma (Stashak, 2002). Management of
hygroma required administration of corticosteroids, antibiotics, tetanus prophylaxis and continued
pressure bandage. The above case was successfully treated by corticosteroids, antibiotics and
continued pressure bandage.
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WILD LIFE MEDICINE
7.1 HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL STUDY IN A LION SUFFERING FROM CONTACT
DERMATITIS AND RENAL FAILURE
U. K. De, S. Dey and Chandan Prakash
Izatnagar- 243122 (UP)
A twelve years old male lion at a zoo of Punjab was examined clinically for weakness,
loss of appetide, incoordinaion in movement followed by intermittent recumbence since last one
month. Clinical examination revealed normal respiration and pulse rate, body temperature and
extensive moist skin lesion lesions on hind and inguinal regions. Based on clinical examination,
animal was initially treated with Prednisolne @ 5 mg, Pheniramine maleate @ 1.0/ kg b.wt,
Amoxycillin and Clavunalic acid @ 20 / kg b.wt via intramuscular route followed by benzyle
peroxide and Spectrazole (Miconazole + gentamicin + Clobetasol) for topical application and
multivitamine supplementation twice daily for five days. Subsequently skin scrapping and blood
sample were taken for laboratory examination. No evidence of any ectoparasite infection was
found in skin scrapping examination. Blood smear examination was negative for any
haemoparasitic infection. However, hemato-biochemical analysis revealed hemoglobin 7.5%,
total leukocyte count 7200/c.mm., total erythrocyte count 19.36 million/c.mm., total protein 8.34
gm/dl, albumin 5.65 gm/dl, blood urea nitrogen 149.51mg/ml, and creatinine 5.8 mg/ml. From the
results of hemato-bichemical parameters, it was diagnosed that animal was suffering from renal
failure apart from dermatitis. However, in spite of effective therapy the animal could not survive
and unfortunately collapsed on next day. In this case study, contact dermatitis along with renal
failure in a crossbred lion has been described.
7.2 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN A MONGOOSE (Herpestes edwardsii)
Ghoke S S and Kanchan Thorat
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir-413517, Dist: Latur (MS)
A six month old domesticated Indian brown Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) was
presented with nasal discharge (muco-purulent), intermittent coughing and anorexia since last 2
days. History of the case revealed accidental spraying of water on the face of the animal. The
Mongoose also showed tendency for avoiding the watery place nearby as told by owner. Clinical
investigation of the animal revealed slightly elevated body temperature (1020F), increase heart
and respiratory rate and mild gasping. The case was tentatively diagnosed on the basis of history
and clinical symptoms. Haematological findings were normal barring leucocytosis.
Gentamicin @ 2 mg/kg body weight was given parenterally along with Inj.
Chlorpheniramine maleate @ 0.25 mg/kg BW and Inj Meloxicam @ 0.2 mg/kg BW daily for 3
days. Antibiotic sensitivity test of nasal discharge also showed sensitivity to Gentamicin. Animal
responded well to the above therapy and recovered within 5 days time.
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7.3 STUDY OF BACTERIAL MICROFLORA OF A DISEASED PRIMATE (Hanuman Langur)
AND MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE CASE
S.M. Parmar, R.G. Jani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, R.A. Mathakiya and K.L. Thavani
A male primate (Hanuman Langur) was brought to Ahmedabad Jiva Daya Trust
(Panjarapole) with history of diarrhoea, injured lower jaw and difficulty in food intake. On clinical
examination, the animal was thin, diarrhoeic and dehydrated with 102ºF rectal temperature.
There was oozing of discharge from nasal and oral cavities of the animal. The lower jaw was
injured with abraded and displaced skin flap along with the subcutaneous tissue. For diagnostic
purpose swabs were collected aseptically from nose, mouth, rectum and culturing was done for
growth of microorganisms using suitable culture media (EMB medium, BGA medium and Mac
conkey medium). Upon culturing oral swab revealed growth of Klebsiella spp., Staph. spp. and
Stre. Spp. The nasal swab revealed growth of Proteus spp., Staph. spp. and Stre. Spp. The
rectal swab revealed growth of E.Coli, Staph. spp. and Strep. spp. Treatment included washing
and cleaning of the oral cavity with proper antiseptic dressing for three days. Administration of
300 ml Dextrose, IV (5% W/V, OD) for two days, IM Injection of 3 ml C-Flox (120 mg, Intas, India
Ltd.) for three days and IM injection of 1.0 ml Melonex (5 mg OD, Intas, India Ltd.) for three days.
The animal improved after three days and recovered completely after a week, except that a
permanent scar like area remained around the lower jaw, not hampering feeding. In conclusion,
accurate diagnosis, proper care and medical management are helpful in treatment and
management of primates.
7.4 CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTROCUTION/ELECTRIC SHOCK IN A PRIMATE
(Hanuman Langur)
K.L. Thavani, Mehrajuddin Naikoo, J.B. Patel, S.M. Parmar and J.V. Vadaliya
A female primate (Hanuman Langur) was brought to Jiva Daya Trust (Animal Help Line),
Anand with history of recent electrocution/electric shock. On clinical examination, the animal was
subconscious and depressed with 100ºF rectal temperature. Animal was dehydrated with rough
body coat and stiffness of limbs. A mild burn injury due to electrocution was visible on left fore
limb, with blackish discoloration of the skin area. The oral and nasal cavities were dry and
breathing was labored. Treatment included Antiseptic dressing of the burn area for two days,
administration of 300 ml Dextrose, IV (5% W/V, OD) for two days, IV Injection of 2 ml Dexona
(8.8 mg, Sarabhai Zydus, India Ltd.) and IM injection of 1.0 ml Tribivet (OD, Intas, India Ltd.) for
two days. The animal improved after two days, recovered completely after two more days and
was freed on fifth day. In conclusion, adequate care and proper medical management are useful
in handling Primate emergency cases, like electrocution.
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7.5 CASE STUDY OF DOG BITE INJURY IN HANUMAN LANGUR (Presbytis entellus)
S.M. Parmar, R. G. Jani, R. A. Mathakiya, and K. L. Thavani
An urgent telephonic call from the Sarva dharma jeev daya trust Anand was received for
the treatment of male Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus) with history of dog bite. On
examination it was found that the thigh region of right hind limb was severely bitten by a stray
dog. Wound was deep and lacerated with severe bleeding. The langur was lying on the ground
and was unable to move. All the other monkeys were on the top and watching keenly. Since the
langur has had become weak, it was controlled with mild physical restraint. Treatment included
the wound was dressed aseptically and bleeding was controlled by applying betadine gauge. Inj.
Gentamicin- 2 ml (40 mg/ ml - Alembic), Inj. Dexona- 2ml (4.4 mg/ml- Zydus AHL) and Inj.
Tribivet- 3 ml (Vit.B1,Vit.B6- 50mg,Vit.B12- 500mcg- Intas) were administered by intramuscular
route. The animal then transferred to a cage and treated for 3 days, by taking care of its basic
ration. The langur recovered after 3 days and became very active. It was then set free to join its
mates.
7.6 SURVEY STUDY OF DISEASES AND DISORDERS IN FREE LIVING HANUMAN LANGUR
(Presbytis entellus)
S.M. Parmar, R. G. Jani, K. L. Thavani , and R.A. Mathakiya
Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus) is often seen in human resident areas, especially
around the temples. Their mischievous and inquisitive nature often predisposes them to many
accidents. A total of 14 cases of different types of injuries to hanuman langur in and around
Anand city were attended to. Out of seven cases of electrocution, 4 succumbed to electric shock
whereas 3 survived after corticosteroid as well as fluid therapy and antibiotic administration. Two
cases of severe bite by dogs due to fighting, 3 cases of traumatic lacerated wound and 2 cases
of head injury due to vehicle accident on road were repeated and attended to. The standard
symptomatic line of treatment was followed for all the cases, after adequate restraints of the
animals. All the cases recovered uneventfully and successfully.
7.7 TREATMENT OF TIGER CUB SUFFERING FROM HEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS.
Mehta Hemant and Dongre Jyoti
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCI &A.H. MHOW (M.P.)
A female white tiger cubs aging 6 months of Kamala Nehru Prani Sanghrahalaya, Indore
were suffering from chronic enteritis and was under treatment at zoo. There was history of one
cub died due to hemorrhagic enteritis few month ago. The cub was brought to TVCSC College
Of Veterinary Sci & A.H. , Mhow (M.P.)for further treatment. On clinical examination the cub was
under recumbencey, emaciated , dehydrated (6%) with dry conjunctiva shrunken eyes balls . The
cub was unable to stand and walk. The cub was kept under critical care and management in ICU
, the vital body functions were monitored on LG multi channel patient monitor revealed cardiac
arrhythmia , with subnormal body temperature 96 F , low B.P ie 65/90 Hg mm , PSO2
concentration was 79.Haemotolological examination revealed Hb 7 gms %, PCV 15% with NOrganised by: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai,
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86%, L-10% AND M- 4%. The treatment was started with In RL 1000ml / 24hrs i/v , with Atropin
sulphate 0.4 mg /Kg i/m, tid , Inj Imferon 1 ml i/m, Liquid Powergyl 10 ml orally tid Liquid
Arystozyme 5ml bid , Inj Aciloc 1.5 ml i/v qid, Inj Botropase 0.7 ml I /v qid. The treatment was
continued for 10 days with addition of Liquid Dexorange 1TS F, bid from 3rd day of treatment.
The cub started responding to the treatment from day 3rd showed signs of improvement ,
response to stimuli , tried to get up and walked few steps taken small amount of chicken .The
faecal consistency was fluidy passing 4-5 times a day. On day 4th, the cub was showed signs of
recovery, started feeding about 1 kg / day. There was improvement in all the parameters except
the in the faecal consistency and frequency. From day 5th there was improvement in faecal
consistency and frequency. The cub was given controlled food i.e. 1.5 kg fresh chicken/ day. In
all, the cub was kept under treatment as indoor patient for 13 days. At the time of discharge cub
has gained 3.5 kg body weight .The zoo’s vets advised to provide supportive medication for next
15 days.
7.8 SPINAL INJURY IN HYENA – A CASE REPORT
H.K.Mehta and S.S.Mehesare
Collage of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Mhow-453446 (M.P.).
A case of female hyena was admitted to TVCSC (Case no-2902)(body wt 30kg) with the
history of finding animal 130 km away from veterinary collage at village Kundi Dist sajapur
,under recumbency and was not able to bear weight by hind leg and dragging by fore leg. On
clinical examination, rectal temperature was noted (97 F).The animal was not able to bear body
wt on hind leg with decreased motor reflexes. Swelling at affected part. The blood report showed
Hemoglobin (Hb) 10gm% PCV 30% with TLC 20000/cu.mm Neutrophil 67% Lymphocyte 30%
Monocyte 3%. Treatment started with inj DNS 5% 300ml I/V, inj Dexa 2ml I/V, inj Nervigin 2ml
I/V, inj Wocef 1gm I/V, inj Melonex plus 3ml I/M, inj Dcal vet 2ml I/M, inj Tonophosphan 2ml
I/M.On 2nd day the animal was under recumbancy but tried to left hind leg and thorax region
slightly. Treatment was continued wih addition of inj NS 400ml I/V, inj Calcium sandose 5ml I/V.
On the 4th day of treatment the animal started responding and showed reflexes. The animal was
able to stand and walk at 8th days of treatment and it was send back to forest from were it was
collected.
7.9 ENDOPARASITIC INFESTATION IN CAPTIVE DEER: A CASE REPORT
Mohd. Mohsinuddin, S.P.Waghmare, S.G. Mode,
A.M. Bodkhe, S.H.Vyavahare, H.P. Korat, H.J. Waghode
Post Graduate Institute of veterinary and Animal Science, Akola, MS
A five year old Deer was reported at teaching veterinary clinical complex Post graduate
institute of Veterinary and Animal Science, Akola. With showing symptoms of diarrhea, palness
of visible mucous membranes, reluctant to move, increased respiratory rate, emaciation and
anorexia. The clinical observation of the Deer revealed heart rate and respiratory rate, 90/min.
and 25/min respectively where as temperature recorded was 104.8 0F. The Haematological and
biochemical examination revealed low values of Hb, PCV, TEC, MCH, MCHC. The serum total
protein, iron, copper, Sodium and potassium levels were found lower than normal. Case was
treated with broad spectrum anthelmenthic, liquid panacur was drenched @ 5 mg/ kg body
weight twice in a week. Supportively inj. Dextrose 10% was injected IV, inj. Melonex @ 1 mg/ kg
BW was given IM, inj. Pheneramine maleate @ 0.5 mg/kg was given IM , inj. Ferritas 5ml was
given IM. This treatment was continued for 3 days but due to heavy endoparasitic infestation
deer was deid.
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7.10 CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF AN INCIDENTAL PARAGONIMIASIS IN A
TIGRESS : A CASE REPORT
J.L. Singh, A.K.Thathoo, A.K. Das, Vivek Kumar & Mir Mudasir
A female Bengal tigress aged about 4 years was admitted in the university teaching
hospital on 25.11.10 with the history of hind quarter paralysis along with the use of chemical
immobilization (ketamine + xylazine). The past line of treatment comprised of inj. Amikacin @
500mg i/m, dexamethsone @ 6.0 ml i/m, tonophosphon @ 5ml, triradisol @ 5ml i/m and normal
saline 1.0 litre in the evening of Nov.24,2010 and also in the morning of Nov.25,2010. On distant
inspection, the animal was lying on lateral recumbancy with signs of marked dullness,
depression, dehydration, dyspnoea and urinary incontinence. Invoking of tigress demonstrated
dragging of her hind quarter. On physical examination, hind limbs were not responding to
external stimuli/pedal reflex, there was no sensation in the tail as well, which was indicative of
spastic paralysis. Palpation of hind quarter was suggestive of cold clamminess of skin. The
recorded vital signs i.e. temperature 94.60F, respiratory rate 20/min., sunken eyes and wrinkling
of skin were suggestive of marked hypothermia and hypovolumic shock. The value of recorded
blood parameters were TLC : 7400/cu.mm, TEC: 5.42 million/cu.mm, Hb :14.6 gm%, PCV 37%
ESR: 42mm/hr, plaletes count 1.50 lacs / cu.mm, The blood bio-chemistry revealed elevation of
BUN(26.7mg%), SUN(57.2mg%), SGPT(153 U/l), SGOT(122 U/l), CPK(4519 U/l). On the basis
of history and clinical examination, the tigress was tentatively diagnosed as a case of spastic
paralysis and shock. The instant medication comprised of tetanus toxoid @ 1ml i/m, ceftriaxone
tazobactum @ 2.5 gm i/m.bid, MVI @ 10ml i/v, ringer lactate, isolyte-M and normal saline @ 1.0
litre each i/v and metronidazole infusion @ 400mg i/v. The active and passive core warming was
practiced round the clock to raise body temp. of tigress. On the subsequent days the tigress was
additionally given inj. of methyl predenisolone @ 1gm i/m, iron sorbitol @ 5ml, calcium gluconate
@ 5ml i/v and atropine @ 2.4mg s/c along with earlier treatment upto 28th November. During the
course of hospitalization no significant improvement was noticed in her condition rather her
temperature lowered down further to 92.30F on 28.11.10. The tigress remained anorectic with
suspended defaecation. On 29.11.10 the tigress died after showing signs of struggling and
severe dyspnoea. On gross examination of lungs revealed extensive emphysema, atelectasis
and oedema. & two visible cysts measuring around one sq.cm. & on palpation diffuse nodules
were recorded. On cut section of one of the cystic cavities, a fluke was observed, that was
reddish pink in colour and coffee bean shaped and was paired. The cut section of lungs revealed
severe pneumonia. The mediastinal lymph nodes observed were swollen and haemorrhagic.
Heart presented very slight hydropericardium along with flabby and pale myocardium on right
ventricle. On cut section the heart did not reveal any structural changes.The stomach revealed
diffuse ulceration of variable sizes measuring in mm. The borders of these ulcers were
hyperaemic and circumscribed. The contents of stomach were haemorrhagic that appeared tar
red in colour. Intestines had very hard nodules throughout it’s length. The cut section of some of
these nodules presented necrotic and haemorrhagic cores. The mesenteric lymph nodes were
oedematous and swollen. The liver was severely congested with deep red discolouration. The
borders were rounded throughout the lobes and liver parenchyma was very hard in consistency
on palpation. The liver had discrete focal areas of necrosis throughout its surface and presented
an area of infarction measuring about 2 sq.cm. in size. The spleen on gross examination
revealed diffused focal necrosis. The kidneys revealed very slight adhesion of capsules on
removal on dorso-lateral aspect. The cut section of both kidneys revealed severe congestion at
cortico-medullary junction throughout it’s structure. At the site of injury at metatarsal joint of left
hind limb the muscles were severely haemorrhagic and necrotic.The histo-pathological
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examination of lungs revealed oedema, emphysema, atelectasis, haemorrhage and pneumonia.
Eggs of flukes were observed in abundance along with hazel nut shaped cysts, which confirmed
the infection of lung fluke (Paragonimus westermanii). Liver had severe haemorrhage,
degeneration, necrosis, dilatation of sinusoids and haemosiderosis and mononuclear cell
infiltration. Skeletal muscle: The muscles at the site of injury at metatarsal joint of left hind limb
revealed haemorrhagic myositis.Heart revealed severe haemorrhagic myocarditis. Kidney had
degeneration, severe haemorrhage, necrosis, , presence of casts in tubules and hypertrophy of
blood vessels. It also revealed glomerulo-nephritis and amyloidosis. On gross and microscopic
lesions observed as above, it is concluded that the cause of death may be attributed to
verminous pneumonia and complicated by secondary invading organisms.
7.11 CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF ACCIDENTAL TRAUMA IN A WILD TUSKER
ASIAN ELEPHANT
J.L. Singh, A.K.Thathoo, A.K. Das, S.P.G. Bhalla, Vivek Kumar, Satish Kumar, Mir Mudasir,
Latesh, Yogita & Renu
A wild tusker elephant aged about 35 years was reported having suffered with traumatic
injuries in his hind left limb in the night of 21st oct.2010 by train accident. The distant inspection of
ailing tusker demonstrated massive swelling that must have lead to dragging of affected limb and
consequently lowering of hind quarters. Close inspection of wild tusker demonstrated hot painful
swelling & reddish discoloration of affected limb. The manipulation of limb has suggestive of
fracture of femur bone or crushing of stifle joint. Marked signs of emaciation, weakness,
dehydration & anorexia was noticed after 5 days of traumatic injury. The tusker was medicated
with Tetanus toxoid inj @ 20 ml I/m, Melonex power & Benzyle penicillin within 24 hrs of trauma.
Daily antibiotic & pain killers were darted for four days. There after the tusker was tranquilosedated by the combination of Xylazine & Ketamine combination for intensive medication. On 5th
day of treatment the patient was revived by Yohimbine hydrochloride @0.125 mg/kg b.wt. The
intensive medication of ailing tusker comprised of 80-85 liters of fluid & electrolytes (DNS 5%,
Isolyte-M, Ringer lactate, Calcium borogluconate, Amino acid infusion), Multiple Vitamins, Pain
killer/Meloxicam, Antibiotic Benzathine penicillin, Gentamycin inj & Metronidazole infusion were
given in standard dose rate from 27.10.2010 to 03.11.2010. During treatment the tusker became
recumbent on his Rt. lateral side on 28.10.2010 due to exertion & weakness. Repeated efforts of
elephant raising was made and were futile. The blood cellular examination of elephant
demonstrated Leukocytosis, Neutrophilia and elevation of PCV. The blood biochemical
examination revealed significant elevation of BUN, ALT, AST & Serum creatinine. The alterations
in values of C.B.C. & blood biochemistry were indicative of septicemia & myopathy. The tusker
died on 03.11.2010, after transient convulsions, gasping & struggling.
The Ante-mortem examination of tusker revealed a massive wound measuring 15 sq.
inch in hind left limb(thigh) along with extensive necrosis and haemorrhage. On opening the
wound site, along with the necrosis of the muscles it revealed compound fracture of distal
extremity of femur supracondyle and there was complete crushing and separation of stifle joint.
The upper end of tibia was also fractured into pieces that penetrated deep into the muscles
leading to extensive haemorrhage and necrosis. On opening the carcass, the post-mortem
lesions noticed were as follows: The lungs revealed extensive emphysema, petechial
haemorrhage along with atelectic areas that could grossly be distinguished by their peculiar
colour and structure. On observing the cut section of lungs, very severe pneumonic areas that
presented froth on applying pressure were indicative of lung oedema. The heart revealed mild to
moderate petechial haemorrhage and focal necrotic areas in the form of patches that were pale
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yellow in colour and the consistency (texture) of myocardium was loose in comparison to the rest
of the heart muscle.
The histo-pathological lesions observed in lungs, muscles and heart were in conformity
with the gross lesion noticed in these organs and helped in arriving to the diagnosis as to the
cause of death. Edema and haemorrhagic pneumonitis, haemorrhagic myositis with extensive
necrosis and severe haemorrhagic myocarditis.
The cardio-pulmonary failure was found cause of death of elephant due to septicemia.
7.12 EFFICACY OF CYPERMETHRIN AGAINST TICK INFESTATION IN TIGER CUBS
S.S. Bawaskar, M.S. Bawaskar, R.D. Tembhurne
Maharajbag Zoo, College of Agriculture, Nagpur.
Three orphan female tiger (Panthera tigris) cubs of one month old brought to Maharajbag
zoo were dull, weak and anemic. On clinical examination all three cubs revealed severe
infestation with ticks in bunches under the arms, inter digital space, opening of the ear canal and
around the eyes.
For immediate relief, it is decided to use cypermethrin application for removing the ticks.
Ten liter of cypermethrin solution (2ml/liter of water) was prepared in bucket. The three tiger cubs
dipped in cypermethrin solution for two minutes. Care was taken to keep the eyes and mouth
safe from solution. The tiger cubs were then washed with fresh water.
It was observed that almost all the ticks dropped on the floor while very few ticks were
sticking on the body which was removed manually. The tiger cubs found tick free and consumes
food normally within 24hrs.
7.13 USE OF DORAMECTIN IN LEOPARD FOR REMOVING INTESTINAL PARASITE
S.S. Bawaskar, R.D. Tembhurne, M.S.Bawaskar and G.R.Bhojne
Maharajbag Zoo, College of Agriculture, Nagpur
A male leopard (Panthera pardus) brought to the Maharajbag Zoo was having deep
lacerated wound on right jaw. The leopard was also suffering from diarrhea and anorexia. The
fecal sample was examined directly under the microscope and found mixed infection of
Toxocara, Anclyostoma and Tapeworm.
The Leopard was given doramectin injection 1% @1ml/50 kg body weight,
subcutaneously. On next day good numbers of dead adult worms were found in the feaces. The
treatment was supplemented by Vitamin B complex injection @ 3ml/100kg.body weight for three
consecutive days. The diarrhea stopped within 48 hours of the injection and the leopard get
normal within five days. After seven days, their feacal samples were examined and were found to
be infection negative.
7.14 PARAGONIMIASIS IN TIGER (PANTHRA TIGRIS) CUB
S.S. Bawaskar, R.D. Tembhurne and M.S. Bawaskar
Maharajbag Zoo, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
A tiger cub aging seven months was brought to Maharajbag Zoo, for treatment by Forest
officers of State Forest Department. On observation, the cub was showing intermittent
nonproductive cough, in appetence, vomiting and diarrhea. Fresh fecal samples were collected
and preserved in 5% formaldehyde. These samples were processed by standard parasitological
techniques, as direct smear, sedimentation and centrifugal flotation technique, as per the method
of Moredun Research Institute (2000) and examined for parasitic infestations, which revealed
Paragonimus species eggs. Depending on the symptoms and fecal analysis, the condition was
diagnosed as lung fluke infestation. The tiger cub was treated with Praziquantel @10 mg/kg body
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weight, once, with chicken soup. Polybion syrup (B-complex) and Sporalac powder
(Lactobacillus) was given @ 5ml and 2.6 gm, respectively, daily for 15 days with beef. The fecal
samples were again examined for EPG, after 14 and 21 days of completion of the treatment and
did not reveal any parasitic ova.
7.15 SOME BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF CAPTIVE FELIDS OF SIDHHARTH ZOO,
AURANGABAD
Ghoke S. S., Awaz K. B. and Bhikane A. U.
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir-413517, Dist: Latur(MS)
The influence of behavior on the health of captive animals is not a new concept but has
become an important facet during the last 2 decade or so. As often noted, captive animals may
be in advanced state of disease before clinical signs are evident. Wild animals are not immune to
pain or discomfort, but they do attempt to mask overt signs that would reveal their physical
condition. Thus therapy will be completely useless unless it is initiated early in the course of
disease. Altered behavior is a key to detecting incipient illness. One may read about behavior but
it takes time just looking at the species is a connection to learn enough to determine even minor
variation from normal behavior. Another method is to listen to experienced keepers and trainers,
but personal observation is a key element.
The detailed baseline data of 189 hours comprising each of 63 hours (from 9AM to 6PM)
in summer, rainy and winter season were recorded respectively in tiger and lions. Various
movements like walking in cage, exercise area; watering, pacing movements were recorded and
analyzed.
7.16 FEED CONSUMPTION, DIET DIGESTIBILITY, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM
METABOLITE PROFILE OF CAPTIVE CLOUDED LEOPARD (Neofelis nebulosa)
A. Das, M. Saini, S.P. Gupta, S Katole and A.K. Sharma
Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar -243 122, India
Clouded leopard is an endangered species protected under schedule-I of Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972 and by listing it in IUCN Red List. Proper nutrition and health is fundamental
for successful conservation, breeding programme to protect this species from getting extinct. An
experiment was conducted at Sepahijala Biological Park, Tripura during October, 2010. All
together 6 males (avg BW 49+1.7kg) and 5 females (average body weight 38+1.3 kg) were used
for the study. The animals were kept in enclosures with facilities for individual feeding and face
collection. They also had access to outside open-air enclosures. All the other managemental
practices were as per the CZA guidelines. They were fed 6 days a week with chicken @ 1.0kg.
The meat was offered at 4 PM. After a preliminary feeding of 1 month a digestion trial of 5 days
collection period was conducted during which amount of food offered, refusals and total volume
of faeces voided were measured accurately. These samples were dried in hot air oven at 50 0 C
for 4 days. After the feeding trial was over the animals were restrained physically in squeeze
cage. Blood samples were collected by puncturing the tail vein and were collected in vaccutainer
tube containing either EDTA or no anticoagulant for harvesting sera. Blood glucose and
hemoglobin were measured immediately after collection. Serum was harvested and stored
frozen at -20 0C for further analysis using standard diagnostic kits (Span Diagnostics Limited,
Surat). Average daily dry matter intake was325+30g, dry matter digestibility was 85+3.1% and
digestible energy intake was 192+18.3 Kcal/kg W 0.75. Concentration of blood glucose (mg/dl)
was 119+2.5 and that of hemoglobin was 12.3+1.2mg/dl. Total RBC count was 5.75+0.12x106;
TLC was 14.9+1.28x103. Serum concentration of total protein (g/dl) albumin (g/dl), globulin (g/dl),
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A:G ratio, total cholesterol ( mg/dl), serum urea nitrogen( mg/dl) and creatinine ( mg/dl) were 8.
90+0.19, 4.10+0.11, 3.99+0.18, 1.02+0.03, 163.05+10.30, 40.1+1.21 and 2.15+0.14,
respectively. Serum concentration of ALP (KA unit/l), ALT (IU/l) and AST were 28.3+0.32,
67.00+6.25 and 171.26+1.58, respectively. There is no reference value to compare data
pertaining to the hematology and serum metabolite profile of snow leopard were novel and there
is no reference value available in literature to compare them. These data will serve as baseline
for future research and clinical investigations. Serum concentration of Ca was 7.62+0.19 and that
of P was 6.98+ 0.32mg/dl. It was concluded that the diet schedule of clouded leopard at
Sepahijala Biological Park provided adequate amount of digestible nutrients without any potential
threat of obesity. However, serum Ca and P levels were imbalanced. Supplementation of Ca
would be necessary to correct the problem.
7.17 FEED CONSUMPTION, DIET DIGESTIBILITY, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM
METABOLITE PROFILE OF CAPTIVE SNOW LEOPARD (Uncia uncia)
A. Das, M. Saini, S.P. Gupta, A.K. Sharma and D. Swarup
Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar -243 122, India
Snow leopard is an endangered species protected under schedule-I of Wildlife Protection
Act, 1972 and by listing it in IUCN Red List. Proper nutrition and health is fundamental for
successful conservation, breeding programme to protect this species from getting extinct.
However little or no information is available on it’s feeding and clinical chemistry parameters
Hence an experiment was conducted at Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling,
West Bengal during July, 2008. All together 6 males (avg BW 49+1.7kg) and 5 females (average
body weight 38+1.3 kg) were used for the study. The animals were kept in enclosures with
facilities for individual feeding and feces collection. They also had access to outside open-air
enclosures. All the other managemental practices were as per the CZA guidelines. They were
fed 6 days a week with mutton @ 2.5- 3.0 kg depending upon the body size. The meat was
offered at 4 PM. After a preliminary feeding of 1 month a digestion trial of 5 days collection period
was conducted during which amount of food offered, refusals and total volume of feces voided
were measured accurately. These samples were dried in hot air oven at 50 0 C for 4 days. After
the feeding trial was over the animals were tranquilized using ketamine: xylazine (4mg/kgBw:
1mg/kgBW). Both the drugs were mixed in a singular dart and were administered using a blow
pipe. Blood samples were collected by puncturing the tail vein and were collected in vaccutainer
tube containing either EDTA or no anticoagulant for harvesting sera. Blood glucose and
hemoglobin were measured immediately after collection. Serum was harvested and stored
frozen at -20 0C for further analysis using standard diagnostic kits (Span Diagnostics Limited,
Surat). Average daily dry matter intake was 753+43.3g dry matter digestibility was 91.48+1.05%
and digestible energy intake was 174+15.3 Kcal/kg W 0.75. Concentration of blood glucose
(mg/dl) was 119+2.5 and that of hemoglobin was 12.4+1.5mg/dl. Total RBC count was
6.54+0.32x106 WBC was 11.2+1.58x103 differential count was N 64.29+2.52 L 30.15+2.45, M
4.6+0.23 and E 2.1+0.10. Serum concentration of total protein (g/dl) albumin (g/dl), globulin
(g/dl), A:G ratio, total cholesterol (mg/dl), serum urea nitrogen( mg/dl) and creatinine ( mg/dl)
were 8.50+0.39, 4.00+0.16, 4.50+0.27, 0.89+0.04, 272.22+11.69, 38.5+1.43 and 2.14+0.14,
respectively. Serum concentration of ALP (KA unit/l), ALT ( IU/l) and AST were 23.3+0.45,
128.00+16.08 and 37.33+0.94, respectively. There is no reference value to compare data
pertaining to the hematology and serum metabolite profile of snow leopard were novel and there
is no reference value available in literature to compare them. These data will serve as baseline
for future research and clinical investigations. Serum concentration of Ca was 9.74+0.24 and that
of P was 8.80+ 0.74mg/dl. It was concluded that the diet schedule of snow leopard at Darjeeling
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zoo provided adequate energy without any potential threat of obesity. However, serum Ca and P
levels were imbalanced. Supplementation of Ca would be necessary to correct the problem.
7.18 TREATMENT OF A SKIN INFECTION IN AN INDIAN STAR TORTOISE (Geochelone
elegans): A CASE REPORT
Dr. Khadpekar Y.R., Dr. Khangal P. S., Dr. Pawar S.W.
The Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans) is a tortoise generally found in the semiarid, thorny and grassland habitats in southern and central India as well as in Pakistan and Sri
Lanka. It is protected under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972), schedule IV. However, the
illegal trade of Star Tortoise as pets is quite high throughout the country. During August 2009, a
rescued juvenile (sex unknown) Star Tortoise was brought to the authors with the complaint of
anorexia and the itching area of red discoloration of skin on the left hind leg. From the lesion and
symptoms the condition was diagnosed to be a fungal infection of the skin and the treatment was
started accordingly. A topical antifungal ointment was prescribed along with a course of oral
Dexamethasone. From the history the tortoise was also suspected to have suppressed immunity
levels leading to a sub-clinical gastrointestinal infection. A course of oral antibiotics was started
to address this issue. The caretaker was also advised to modify few management practices. The
animal was observed to have recovered completely after 15 days of treatment and consultation.
The lesions disappeared completely and the tortoise started eating normally.
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ETHNO-VETERINARY
AND ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE
8.1 PROTECTIVE ROLE OF Psidium.guajava IN ARSENIC INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INJURY
IN RATS
Roy, M., Tandon, N., Roy, S., Kumar, M
Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Department
College of Veterinary Science & A.H. Durg, Chhattisgarh (491001) INDIA
The present study evaluates the protective effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava
leaves against sodium arsenite induced myocardial injury in experimental rats. Animals were
divided into four groups. Control group (group I) exposed to arsenic free distilled water and 3
treatment group (II, III& IV) exposed to the arsenic (NaAsO2) (20mg/kg b.wt) through drinking
water. Group III and IV were administered a daily oral dose of aqueous extract of
psidium.guajava (AEPG) @50 & 100mg/kg b.wt. orally daily respectively for the 6 wks. Blood
samples and heart tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. Arsenic exposure resulted
in significant (P<0.05) rise in LPO levels and reduced level of glutathione, SOD and CAT
activities in erythrocyte and heart tissue. Treatment with AEPG significantly restored activities of
oxidative stress markers Hyperlipidemia with increased cholesterol and triglyceride was
observed in arsenic exposed group. Hypolidemic action of AEPG was observed in group III and
IV. It is concluded that prophylactic co administration of AEPG could provide specific protection
to myocardial tissue from oxidative injury and tissue damage
8.2 AMELIORATIVE POTENTIAL OF Psidium guajava ON HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL
ALTERATIONS IN ARSENIC EXPOSED WISTAR RATS
N. Tandan, S. Roy M and Roy, M. Kumar
Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Department
College of Veterinary Science & A.H. Durg, Chhattisgarh (491001) INDIA
The present study attempts to investigate psidium guajava effects when administered in
combination with sodium arsenite @ 20 ppm in drinking water with the aim of achieving
normalization of altered biochemical, haematological parameters suggestive of hepatic and
damage and depletion of inorganic arsenic following chronic arsenic exposure. Thirty adult
Wistar rats were given 20 ppm arsenic for 8 weeks along with hydro alcoholic leaf extract of
P.guajava at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight wt. (orally) (once daily for 8 wks). Arsenic
exposure led to significant depletion of hemoglobin, RBC and PCV but elevated TLC count.
There was a Significant increase (P<0.01/P<0.05) in serum AST, ALT, ALP, ACP and blood
glucose where as decrease in total protein level in arsenic exposed untreated animals. The
changes were accompanied by a significant elevation in blood and soft-tissue arsenic
concentration. Co-administration of P.guajava was most effective not only in reducing arsenicinduced haematological and biochemical alterations but also in depleting arsenic from blood and
soft tissues following arsenic exposure. We thus recommend combined leaf extract of P.guajava
for achieving optimum effects of chelation therapy.
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8.3 COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HOT METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TEN
COMMON INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Arvind Sharma, Amit Kumar and Sharad K. Yadav
Department of Microbiology & Immunology
Hot methanolic extract (HME) prepared from the leaves of Acacia nilotica, Calotropis
procera, Moringa oleifera, Ricinus communis, Adhatoda vasica, Ocimum sanctum, whole plant of
Phyllanthus niruri, bark of Cinnamon cassia, fruits of Terminalia bellerica and Terminalia chebula
were used to study their antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
by in-vitro disc diffusion method. Discs containing 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg of HME of plants
were used against Staphylococcus aureus whereas the conc. 20mg/disc was also used in case
of plants whose lower concentration (disc containing 1.25mg) exhibited no zone of inhibition.
Keeping above result in mind, four conc. viz. 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 20mg/disc of HAE of plants were
used against Escherichia coli (O26) containing approximately 5×106 CFU/ml on nutrient agar
plate. Standard discs of antibiotic as Tetracycline (30µg) and Amikacin (30µg) were used as
positive control for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (O26), respectively. Zone of
inhibitions were measured at 24, 36 and 48 hours intervals and compared with control. The disc
diffusion test with HME of plants against Staphylococcus aureus produced antibacterial effects
except the extracts of Adhatoda vasica, Calotropis procera, Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus
niruri. Other plants showed variation in antibacterial effects, as Cinnamomum cassia, Ocimum
sanctum and Ricinus communis showed no effect up to 5 mg of disc concentration. Moreover,
the effects were shown by the higher disc concentrations. Other three plants Acacia nilotica,
Terminalia bellarica and Terminalia chebula showed dose dependent bacteriostatic effect even
at the lower conc. of 1.25 mg /disc. Similar to the findings against Staphylococcus aureus, HME
of the plant revealed dose dependent bacteriostatic antibacterial effects except the Adhatoda
vasica, Phyllanthus niruri and Calotropis procera which produced no effect with HME against
Escherichia coli.
8.4 ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST DRUG RESISTANT
GOAT ISOLATES
Ashok Kumar, D Dwivedi, V K Gupta and V S Vihan
Makhdoom, Farah, Mahura-281122 (U.P.), India
Staphylococci and E.coli were isolates from diarrhoeic kids and from skin lesions, which
were characterized by molecular methods. The antibacterial property of plant extracts were
tested by disc diffusion method and bioautography. Commonly used antibiotics were tested
against isolated organisms to classify as drug susceptible/ resistant strains. Twelve native plants
were selected for antibacterial property by using methanolic extracts. Developed aluminium silica
plates for alkaloids were further evaluated by agar overlay method of TLC bioautography for
antibacterial property. E.coli showed resistance for ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, tobramycin,
chloramphenicol, cephalexin, cefotaxime, cephadroxil, ceftazidime and cefaclor, whereas,
Staphylococci were resistant co-trimoxazole, oxytetracyclin, amoxycillin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin,
norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, amoxyclav, lomefloxacin, roxythromycin, erythromycin, and
sulphadiazine on the basis of ZOI (mm). Six plant extract showed potential inhibition against both
the resistant organisms and also exhibited inhibition zones at different spots ( Rf values) against
both the organisms in TLC bioautography. Phytochemical analysis of effective extracts were
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studied. The study indicates the effective alternate role of plant extracts to combat resistant
organism.
8.5 MANAGEMENT OF BOVINE ENDOMETRITIS AND REPEAT BREEDING
THROUGH HERBAL THERAPY
K.K. Hadiya, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and K.B. Vala
Department of ARGO, AAU, Anand Gujarat 388 001
This study was carried out on 24 cows and buffaloes (repeat breeder animals = 12,
endometritis = 12) under the field condition of Anand district of Gujarat state. The history
revealed that 12 animals were repeating between 25-30 days after natural service/AI and other
12 animals were repeating at an extending time interval (45 to 55 days). The animals were
examined per rectum for genital tract disease, if any. It was found that they were having normal
genitalia including the size and shape of cervix, uterine horns and ovaries but mild chronic
endometritis was present in 12 animals (six cows and six buffaloes). On massaging the vagina of
the animals with endometritis, there was dribbling of small amount of white to yellowish white
discharge through the vulval opening. The rectal temperature of the animals ranged between
101-102°F, with normal appetite. The treatment of all the 24 animals was same and included
intra uterine infusion of 40 ml herbal liq. OD (coded AV/RM/45, Ayurvet, India Ltd.) for four days.
After four days of treatment, the abnormal discharge became clear. After treatment, all the
animals showed normal estrous signs at different time interval and natural service was
performed. Among the six repeat breeder cows, two conceived (33.33%) and among the six
repeat breeder buffaloes again two conceived (33.33%). Among the six cows with endometritis,
two conceived (33.33%) and among the six buffaloes with endometritis, four conceived (66.66%).
In conclusion, the above mentioned herbal therapy is quite useful in treatment and management
of bovine repeat breeding and endometritis.
8.6 TWO CASES OF CANINE DEMODICOSIS IN MONGRELS: SATISFACTORY RESPONSE
ACHIEVED BY ETHNO-VETERINARY APPROACH
Garima Sharma and Alok Kumar
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary Parasitology
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
Demodicosis is one of the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases found in dogs. Two
male mongrels, of age 2 and 3.5 years were brought to the VTH, Pantnagar, with the history of
anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, excessive scratching along with bleeding and exudation over
patchy coat, unpleasant odour from skin abrasions and fissures. The dogs were previously
treated with ivermectin, amitraz dips, poron spray, ketoconazole and other ectoparasiticidal
medicaments, but the problem was continued to be recurring. Dermatological examination of
deep skin scraping revealed cigar-shaped Demodex canis mites.The condition was diagnosed as
generalized demodicosis because of wide-spread skin lesions and poor response to medication.
As allopathic treatment showed unsatisfactory response, dogs were decided to be treated by
alternative approach. They were given Sulphur powder@ 5 -8 gm/ 20 kg BW with warm milk bid
for 5 days and repeated weekly for next 2 weeks. A mixture containing lavender oil, neem and
almond oil was massaged, followed by sprinkling sulphur dust bid over the lesions. Supportive
treatment included Inj Intamox @20mg/kg body weight IM twice daily for 5 days, Dextrose 5%@
10ml/kg BW, injection EcareSe@ 1 ml/ 25 kg BW deep IM biweekly for 2 weeks and capsules
containing zinc, vit. C and B complex. Owner was advised to maintain proper hygiene in and
around dog’s premises, providing a good nutritious diet with lots of green leafy vegetables, fresh
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water fishes, yogurt as well as to give them a proper bath every other week with a medicated
shampoo. Eczematous lesions subsided within 25 days of treatment suggesting the complete
clinical recovery without recurrence. No adverse reactions were observed.
8.7 AN OVERLOOKED YET A MIRACULOUS CONCEPT:
ETHNO-VETERINARY MEDICINE
Garima Sharma, Alok Kumar, Vivek Kumar and S. K. Shukla
U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand.
Ethno-veterinary or alternative medicine is a holistic approach of animal health care,
combining the conventional and alternative modalities. Inspite of the fact that allopathy shows its
outstanding curing effects on animal’s body, but still their side-effects, resistance-development
and non-feasibility are the major drawbacks. On contrary to this, alternative medicinal approach
is gentle, almost harmless, wholesome, minimally invasive, stress-alleviating as well as healthimproving. Strengthening body elements or making the use of body’s inherent defense systems
to accelerate “healing” are the remarkable benefits, over the conventional medicinal treatment.
Alternative medicine can cut-off doses of modern drugs and can be given simultaneously with
allopathic treatment. In last few decades alternative veterinary medicine has brought a revolution
by providing helping hand to treat FMD, mastitis, uterine prolapse, corneal opacity, osteoarthritis, asthma, various body aches, lameness, skin allergies, bursitis, tendinitis, spondylitis, hip
dysplasia, various gynecological and gastrointestinal disorders. However, many of the secrets of
alternative remedies are under wraps even now. They require justification for their mode of
action and curative assets, but efforts are continuously being made to know their medicinal utility
which can be scientifically authenticated. Being veterinarians, we must think as well as act
logically in providing optimal veterinary care by utilizing emerging new technologies and safer
drugs at one hand, while maintaining inter-dependence with older, popular, propitious and
professional secret healing arts on the other hand. Alternative medicine can bestow the best
remedy for those illnesses which were being considered incurable earlier or whose allopathic
treatment is either not available, not effective or extremely cost-involving. Thus, ethno-veterinary
medicine has an auspicious place in veterinary medicine because of the potential for restoring an
animal’s birthright, i.e. optimal health.
8.8 ETHOVETERINARY PRACTICE OF SHIKARIPURA TALUK OF SHIVAMOGGA DIST,
KARNATAKA
Sunil Kumar.K.M., Anjaneya.S.N., Hemanna gowda
Dept of Animal husbandry and veterinary Services. Shikaripura taluk, Shivamogga Dist.
Karnataka
Dept of Animal husbandry and veterinary Services. Alur taluk, Hssan Dist. Karnataka.
The use of plant and animal as a source of medicine has been continued since ancient
time for curing disease in man and animals. 25 % of therapeutic drugs are obtained from plants
and some plants are still to be explored and observed. The traditional drugs for animals based
on both plant and animal product have received less attention. There are no previous reports of
the record of ethno veterinary practice from shikaripura taluk of Karnataka. An attempt has been
made to collect and document the ethno veterinary knowledge from local herbal healers. All the
formulations have been enumerated along with the method of preparations, dose and mode of
administration.
Anorexia ; Practice 1 Zingiber officinale, (Sonti), Practice 2 - Jaggery and Piper betle
(Kamerrra) . Practice 3 - Pedalium murex (Pedapalleru) , Allium sativum (Thellagaddalu).
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Practice 4 - Cuminum cyminum (Zeelakara), Cubeba officinalis (Thokka miryalu), Brassica
juncea (Avalu) and Curcuma longa (Pasuppu). Practice 5- Ajwan, kumi, Black pepper, ginger,
rock salt. Asafetida.
Bloat; Practice 1- cooking oil (manchinooni) Practice 2 - butter (pachi venna). Practice 3 Calcium oxide (sunnam). Practice 4 - Acorus calamus (Vasa komma) ,Zingiber officinale (sonti)
Diarrhoea; Practice 1- Curcuma longa (Pasuppu) ,Calcium oxide (sunnam). Practice 2 Azadirachta indica (Vepa chekka), Cuminum cyminum (Zeelakarra), Terminalia chebula
(Karakkai), Piper nigrum (Miryalu), Curcuma aromatica (Kasturi Pasuppu) and Piper longum
(Pippallu). Practice 3 - Pergularia daemia (Jutupakku). Practice 4 - Abutilon indicum (Thutharni),
(Curcuma longa). Practice 5 - Cassia auriculata (Tangedu).
Practice 6- pomegranate tree
To increase milk yield; Practice1- feeding fried soya beans. Practice 2- feeding of Cucurbita
maxima (Red pumpkin), green gram dhal, jaggary, wheet barn.
To induce heat in cattle; Practice 1- Sesamumindicum iol (Gingilly oil) ash gourd (Benincasa
hispida)
Endo parasites; Practice 1 - Mixture of Vitex negundo, (Vavilli jigurlu), Wrightia rothii (Reppalla
jigurlu), Cissus quadrangularis (Nalleru), Asclepias asthmatica (Kukkapala), Azadirachta indica
(Vepa chekka), Cuminum cyminum, (Zeelakarra), Terminalia chebula, (Karakkai), Piper nigrum
(Miryalu), Curcuma aromatica (Kasturi Pasuppu) and Piper longum (Pippallu). Practice 2 - Bark
of Mangifera indica (Mammiddi). Practice 3 - Nauclea cordifolia (Bandaru)
Snake Bite; practice 1-Rauvolfia serpentiana(Sarpagandhi). Practice 2- Vitex negundo L.( Bili
lakki). Practice 3- Tabernaemontana divaricata (L) Roem And Sutl.(Apocynaceae) (Nandi
battalu). Practice 4- Lobelia nicotinaefolia heyne (Heddumbe)
The information gathered directly from the local tribal people these are potential for modern drug
development and further studies on the veterinary medical experimentations of these plants are
suggested.
8.9 EFFECT OF A POLYHERBAL PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF MIMOSA
POISONING IN CATTLE
Premni Elias, Usha N.P., Bibu John, Alex P.C.
Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Mannuthy – 680 651, Thrissur, Kerala
A study was conducted to scientifically validate the effect of a combination of Boerhavia
diffusa(B. diffusa), Hygrophila auriculata (H. auriculata) and Tribulus terrestris (T. terrestris) in
the treatment of Mimosa toxicity in cattle. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I
were treated with decoction of B. diffusa, H. auriculata and T. terrestris each at a dose rate of
400 mg/kg (total dose of 1.2g/kg BW) and was administered twice daily orally for 14 days or until
recovery whichever was earlier. Group II were treated with ethanolic extracts of B. diffusa, H.
auriculata and T. terrestris each at a dose rate of 400 mg/kg (total dose of 1.2g/kg BW)
reconstituted with Tween 80 and was given twice daily orally for 14 days or until recovery which
ever was earlier. Group III were treated with aqueous extract of B. diffusa, H. auriculata and T.
Terrestris each at a dose rate of 400 mg/kg (total dose of 1.2g/kg BW) reconstituted with water
and was given twice daily orally for 14 days or until recovery which ever was earlier. Samples of
blood, urine and rumen liquor were collected from the animals on day 0, 7, 14 and 21. Tissues of
the dead animals (not responded to treatment) were taken for histopathological studies. The
observations included hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, physical characters
and pathological constituents in the urine samples and the physical characters of the rumen
liquor. Though the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in all the affected animals were elevated
on the day of presentation in both Group I and Group II, a gradual decline in the values were
observed from day 7 to 21st in group I when compared to GroupII. . The treatment response to
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aqueous extract of B. diffusa, H. auriculata and T. terrestris was very poor. Survival of affected
animals in Group I and death of majority of animals in Group II clearly indicated that the
treatment with decoction was effective in curing the disease. The present study indicated that the
decoction containing Boerhavia diffusa, Hygrophila auriculata and Tribulus terrestris could be
used effectively in Mimosa poisoning cases.
8.10 CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTING ETHNO-VETERINARY PRACTICES
Pachaiyappan, K., P. Mathialagan, N. Punniamurthi and N. K. Sudeep Kumar
Dept. of Vet. & A. H. Extension,
Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai – 600 007
This study aimed to analyze the constraints perceived by the farmers in adopting the
ethno-veterinary practices transferred by Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
(TANUVAS). Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu state was purposively selected as the Veterinary
University Training and Research Centre, Thanjavur is regularly engaged in promoting ethnoveterinary practices to the needy farmers. A sample size of one hundred respondents was
randomly selected from the centre’s beneficiary list. Data collection was carried out with a help
of a well structured pre-tested interview schedule, having sixteen possible constrains as
questions for response.
Non-availability of trained local people in ethno-veterinary practices was the prime
constraint experienced by the respondents in adopting ethno-veterinary practices, followed by
non-availability of readymade preparations, lack of motivating agents, weak extension system,
less risk bearing capacity of the farmers and lack of trainings. This was further followed with least
importance by non-availability of timely medical care, lack of promotional assistances, unaware
about the ethno-veterinary unit, lack of technical guidance, complexity involved in the practices,
long distance of ethno-veterinary consulting unit and transportation difficulties.
8.11 ETHNO-VETERINARY PRACTICES FOR HEALTH DISORDERS OF GOAT IN BAREILLY
DISTRICT (UTTAR PRADESH)
V. Sasikala, M. Saravanan, Rupasi Tiwari, M. Murugan and M.C. Sharma
Division of Extension Education
Izatnagar, Bareilly – 243 122.
A study was conducted to document the ethno-veterinary Practices (EVPs) followed by
goat farmers in Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh. Two villages were randomly selected from each
of the five random blocks of the district for this study. Ten respondents were selected from each
village in a random fashion which comprises 100 respondents. Among 100 respondents nearly
three - fourth (72 per cent) of them were using ethno-veterinary practices for treating their goats.
Among the ethno-veterinary practices found Piper nigrum (Kalimirchi), Allium cepa (Onion),
Curcuma longa (Haldi), Brassica nigra (Black mustard), Allium sativum (Garlic), Kala Namak
(Black salt), Trachyspermum copticum (Ajwine), Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Emblica officinalis
(Amla) and Azadirach indica (Neem) plays major role in the treatment of diarrhoea, indigestion,
bloat, acidosis, fever, respiratory infection and parasitic infections, Foot and Mouth disease
(FMD) and wound which were more prevalent in the study area and treated by the above said.
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8.12 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF Ocimum
Sanctum AND Emblica Officinalis AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON CYCLOPHASPHAMIDEINDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
A.K. Tripathi and V.S.Rajora
G. B. Pant Univer. of Agri.& Tech., Pantnagar (UA). 263145
Comparative evaluation of immunoimodulatory effect of Ocimum sanctum and Emblica
officinalis and their influence on cyclophasphamide-induced immunosuppression were assessed
by various immunomodulatory parameters in rats. The results revealed both Ocimum sanctum
and Emblica officinalis produced significant increase in total leukocyte count, percent
lymphocyte, absolute lymphocyte count and total proteins, globulins and total immunoglobulin
concentration however, neutrophils, monocytes, serum albumins and albumin : globulin ratio
were found to be decreased in treated groups as compared to normal and immunodepressed
rats. Lymphocyte stimulation test unraveled significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation in all
the group of rats administered with these plant extracts. However, it was found that the
immunomodulatory activity of Emblica officinalis was superior to Ocimum sanctum in both normal
and immunodepressed rats.
8.13 EFFECT OF Withania somnifers AND Azadirectica indica AS ADJUNCT THERAPY ON
HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES IN DIARRHOEIC BUFFALO CALVES
A.K. Tripathi and V.S. Rajora
G. B. Pant Univer. of Agri.& Tech., Pantnagar (UA). 263145
Thirty (30) clinical cases of crossbred buffalo calves of either sex of 4-8 week of the age
suffering from diarrhea were used for clinical validation of immunomodulation by Withania
somnifera and Azadiretica indica at two different doses of 5 gm and 10 gm bid p.o. for 7 days.
They were given along with standard treatment for diarrhoea containing antimicrobials
{Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole} and rehydration therapy. Recovery was assessed on the
basis of hematological parameters, protein profiles and total serum immunoglobulins. Significant
increase in total leukocyte, percent lymphocyte and absolute lymphocyte were recorded in calves
fed Withania somnifera (@10 gm) and Azadiretica indica (@ 5 and10 gm). Serum globulins were
found significantly elevated in calves fed Withania somnifera (@10 gm) and Azadirectica indica
(@ 10 gm). Albumin globulin ratio decreased in calves fed Azadirectica indica (@ 10 gm). Total
serum immunoglobulins were found significantly elevated in calves fed Withania somnifera (@10
gm) and Azadirectica indica (@ 10 gm). In the present study it was found that powder of
Azadirectica indica showed better results in comparison to Withania somnifera, at the same dose
regimen. However, the dose rate of 10 gm bid showed better results compared to 5 gm bid.
8.14 ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF
LEAF AND PEEL FRACTIONS OF Punica granatum
Priyanka, Ashok Kumar, V S Vihan
Central Institute for Resaech on Goats, Makhdoom Mathura UP
The antioxidant activity of Punica granatum leaves and peel extracts were investigated
using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) free radical -scavenging assay. The methanolic
extracts and its six fractions, as water, n-butanol, ethylmethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, solvent ether
and petroleum ether were prepared and subjected to antioxidant evaluation. The ascorbic acid
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used as standard. In case of Punica granatum leaves, the results showed that the ethyl acetate,
water and n- butanol fractions (IC50= .01, 4.44, 14.20 µg/ml) had stronger activity than crude
methanolic extracts and standard (IC50= 24 and 42 µg/ml). The IC 50 value of ethylmethyl ketone,
solvent ether and petroleum ether fractions were 26.37. 60.19 and 173.86 respectively. On the
other hand, n-butanol and water fractions of Punica granatum peel showed highest activity than
other ones. The ethyl acetate fractions showed lowest activity.The IC 50 of these fractions
recorded .61, 1.6, 7.0, 8.5, 21.4,28.0, 42, 153.9 µg/ml for n-butanol , water, methanol, solvent
ether, ethylmethyl ketone, petroleum ether, ascorbic acid and ethyl acetate respectively .
Phytochemistry of both was analysed. The results of present study suggest that Punica
granatum leaves and peel fractions had highest activity than crude methanolic extracts.
8.15 EVALUATION OF SUCCESSIVE EXTRACTS OF Punica granatum (PEEL) FOR
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MDR BACTERIA
Swati Chauhan, Ashok Kumar, V S Vihan
Makhdoom, Farah, Mahura-281122 (U.P.), India
This study was conducted for antibacterial screening of successive extracts of Punica
granatum (peel) using soxhlet extraction with Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl
Methyl Ketone, and Aqueous extracts against Multi-drug resistant such as Staphylococcus spp.,
Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., E.coli, Pasteurella
spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., isolated from pneumonic barbari and jamunapari breed
of goats, in order to find out best effective solvent . Isolated Bacteria after biochemical
characterization were assessed for their drug resistant pattern against 26 antibiotics of 9 groups
by disc diffusion method for categorizing as Multi Drug resistant. Successive extracts with
Petroleum ether and Chloroform exhibited lesser or no antibacterial activity, whereas Ethyl
acetate, Ethyl Methyl Ketone, and Aqueous extracts showed potential antibacterial activity.
Efficacy Percent showed the Ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest antibacterial activity compare
to crude methanolic extract with an enhanced percent level from 4.76 to 63.64% further in Ethyl
Methyl Ketone extract (18.18 to 29.41%) and aqueous extract (5.88% to 47.06%). This study will
in selection of best solvent for maximum bioactivity.
8.16 TRADITIONAL TREATMENT PRACTICES ADOPTED BY CAMEL OWNERS AGAINST
CAMEL DISEASES
Tuteja, F.C., Dixit, S.K., Kumar, S., Patil, N.V. and Singh, J.P.
National Research Centre on Camel, Jorbeer, Shivbari, P.B.-07, Bikaner-334001, Rajasthan,
India.
Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Tonk-304501, Rajasthan, India
CAZRI Regional Research Station, Bikaner-334004, Rajasthan, India
Survey was carried out in thickly camel populated areas in semi arid climatic conditions
(Udaipur and Hanumangarh districts) and in arid climatic conditions (Bikaner and Jaisalmer
districts) of Rajasthan state of India, to investigate the ethno veterinary methods practiced by the
camel owners for the treatment and control of various ailments affecting camels. During a three
year period (July 2007- June 2010) a total of 410 camel owners including the persons
recommending such practices to them were personally contacted and interviewed. These owners
were rearing from a minimum of one camel to a maximum of 160 camels. Information concerning
the ethno veterinary practices for the treatment of common disorders of skin (maggot wound,
nasal wound, saddle gall, udder lesion, naval infection, mange, thikria i.e. skin candidiasis and
other skin infections), digestive tract (anorexia, indigestion, impaction, colic, constipation,
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diarrhea, tympany), musculoskeletal system (rheumatism, muscular weakness, kumree i.e.
shivering of hind limbs, enhance healing of fracture and deep wound) and other routine systemic
disorders encountered by the farmers for fever, cough, nasal discharge, pneumonia,
hemorrhages, mastitis, actinobacillosis, retention of placenta, helminthiasis, ectoparasites, eye
infection, sun stroke, utrine prolapse and zeharbad was collected through personal discussions
and interviews. Traditional inputs utilized by the camel owners included various plant parts and
products, animal products, other natural products and a very few synthetic products. Method of
preparation and applications of traditional drugs varied as per the ailment to be treated. Firing
remained the last resort by the camel owner, if the animal did not respond to any kind of
treatment. Preventive practices adopted by the camel owners included; breeding studs were
given red alum, jaggery and mustard oil during breeding season to avoid fatique and increase
libido. Exercise in fresh lactating camels to avoid mastitis and smoke in the sitting area to avoid
insect and flies. The ethnoveterinary knowledge utilized by the camel owners was collated with
scientifically validated knowledge concerning any ingredients or active constituents of the
ingredients. This collation revealed scientific relevance behind ethnoveterinary practices.
Predominance of use of a particular therapy varied mainly as per the availability of the product in
a particular area. Frequency of use can be correlated with either the effectiveness of a particular
therapy or effective transmission of therapeutic knowledge among the farmers.
8.17 ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC
EXTRACT OF HERBS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION AGAINST COMMON PATHOGENS
OF COW MASTITIS
D. K. Gupta, V. S. Rajora and S. P. Singh
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence
G.B.P. University of Agril. & Tech., PANTNAGAR 263 145 (INDIA)
The hydro-alcoholic (1:1) extracts of Withania somnifera roots, Ocimum sanctum leaves,
Azadirachta indica bark and Tinospora cardifolia stem were assessed in vitro at different
concentrations for their antibacterial efficacy against common pathogens of cow mastitis viz.,
Staphylococcus aureus, Sreptococcus agalctiae and E. coli. All the tests were done in
hexaplicates and values were taken as mean ± S.E of these observations. At the concentration
of 100 mg/ml (as per standard method), herbal extracts (100 µl) individually exhibited the
antibacterial activity against the pathogens. The zone of inhibition of W. somnifera extract was
18.00±0.73 mm, 16.33±0.61 mm and 19.00±1.13 mm for S. aureus, S. agalctiae and E. coli,
respectively. Inhibitory zones formed by extract of O. sanctum were different for different bacteria
tested and the value was highest (16.67±0.42 mm) against S. aureus and lowest (14.00±0.52
mm) for both S. aureus and E. coli. The activity of A. indica extract was maximum (14.67±0.42
mm) for S. aureus while T. cardifolia showed activity only against S. agalctiae. For observing the
activity in combination, there were 6 sets of two herbal extracts, 4 sets of three herbal extracts
and 1 set of four herbal extracts. They were so mixed (25 µl each) to achieve the same volume
(100 µl) as required to show the antibacterial activity. But, they did not exihibit any effect against
any of the pathogen. When equal volumes (100 µl) of each herbal extracts as per their set were
mixed, they showed activity comparable to their individual concentration and in some cases it
was better than individual activity. The greatest activity was shown by extract mix of W.
somnifera and O. sanctum followed by extract mix of W. somnifera and T. cardifolia and extract
mix of W. somnifera and A. indica. However, the extract mix of O. sanctum and T. cardifolia did
not exhibit antibacterial activity towards any tested bacteria.
Having mixed the herbal extracts at a concentration of 100 mg each in one ml of sterile
distilled water, the antibacterial activity of different sets of extract mix was observed significantly
higher than that of extract mix having equal volumes (100 µl) of the concentration of 100 mg/ml.
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The activity of extract mix of W. somnifera and O. sanctum was observed greater than that found
when mixed at equal volumes. The extract mix of O. sanctum and T. cardifolia at this
concentration too, did not demonstrate antibacterial activity towards any tested bacteria.
Comparative evaluation of hydro-alcoholic extracts with standard antibiotics was also carried out.
The efficacy of best combination of extracts (W. somnifera and O. sanctum) was noticed in a
range of 55–80% in comparison to the best antibiotic against all tested bacteria.
8.18 AMELIORATION EFFECT OF FEW HERBAL PLANTS AGAINST EXPERIMENTALLY
INDUCED LEAD TOXICITY
Pankaj Kumar; M C Sharma; D Swarup; S Dey, R K Jadav and R R Kumari
IVRI, Izatnagar-243122 (UP)
Study was undertaken on experimentally induced lead toxicity in albino male rats by
using lead acetate @ 0.2% distilled water orally for a period of 60 days. Four herbs (bulb of
Allium nigrum, leaves of Chenopodium album, fruits of Emblica officinalis, leaves of
Cinnamomum tamala) were procured from local market and authenticated, air dried under shed,
grinded and hydro-ethanolic extract (1:1) were prepared using standard protocol. The recovery
percentage of these four extracts varied from 7.11% to 17.89%. Extract were dried in hot air
oven and powdered and stored at 4°C. Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=6). First
four groups were fed extracts of these herbs @ 200 mg/kg b wt and 500mg/kg b.wt along with
0.2% lead acetate. Group 5 received Spirulina platensis powder dissolved in water along with
lead acetate, while group 6 received only lead acetate (positive control) and group 7 was
untreated negative control group. Baseline data estimated for these herbs and algae indicated
that fruits of Emblica officinalis, Spirulina platensis and leaves of Chenopodium album were high
in iron (64.02-72.12 ppm). Copper were high in leaves of Chenopodium album (26.37±0.47) and
fruits of Emblica officinalis (24.72±0.23). Blood was collected before start of the experiment, after
30 days and latter sacrificed on day 60 of the experiment. Results of the experiment revealed
that Spirulina platensis @ 200mg/kg b wt and hydro-ethanolic extract of Embica officinalis and
Allium nigrum at the same dose rate were able to show some ameliorative potential by
decreasing blood lead concentration and lead burden in kidney. Increasing dose of these
extracts did not show any dose dependent ameliorative effect.
8.19 IN-OVO TESTING OF INDIGENOUS HERBAL EXTRACTS FOR ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY
AGAINST HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS
Richa Sood, D. Swarup, S. Bhatia, D.D. Kulkarni, M. Saini, S. Dey and S.C. Dubey
High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Anandnagar,
Bhopal, 462021, MP, India.
1Division of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar,
Bareilly, 243122, UP, India
Since the 2006 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in India, many
efforts are being made to control the dreaded disease. As an aid to other control measures e.g.
surveillance, bio-security and culling which are considered the first line of defense against AI, the
use of anti-viral agents is also being explored against avian influenza in poultry. Ethno-veterinary
medicine is being explored as an alternative source of medicine possessing anti-viral activity.
Five crude extracts, namely hot aqueous extract of E. jambolana bark, cold aqueous extract of E.
jambolana bark, hot aqueous extract of E. jambolana leaves, cold aqueous extract E. jambolana
leaves and cold aqueous extract A. Arabica var. indica bark which earlier showed antiviral effect
in in vitro study were taken up for further study by egg based in ovo assay.
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The herbal extracts were first tested for their virucidal activity by viral quantification by
real time PCR followed by in ovo assay. No virus could be detected in virus samples treated with
hot and cold aqueous extract of bark and hot and cold aqueous extract of leaves of E. jambolana
(100% reduction from untreated control) while in case of A. arabica var.indica, 7.27X102 pfu/ml
(77% reduction) of virus could be detected in comparison to the untreated virus control (3.12x103
pfu/ml). In the in ovo assay in which extract treated virus samples were inoculated in 10 specific
pathogen free (SPF) embryonated eggs, the percentage of infected eggs inoculated with hot
aqueous extract of bark and cold aqueous extract of leaves of E. jambolana was only 20% in
comparison to 100% infected eggs in treated controls with reduction in mean HA titre in the
infected eggs to 25 (88% reduction) and 27.1 (47% reduction), respectively in comparison to the
untreated virus control (HA titer-28). Similarly, in virus samples treated with cold aqueous extract
of bark of A. arabica var. indica and in amantadine treated positive control virus samples, the
infectivity was only 10% with a reduction in mean HA titre to 21 (99%) and 26 (75%),
respectively.
The present findings suggest that extracts of leaves and bark of E. jambolana and A.
arabica possess antiviral activity against H5N1 virus and the herb can be explored further to
develop cost-effective molecule against HPAI virus of H5N1 subtype.
8.20 EFFICACY OF Boeraavia diffusa AS RENO-PROTECTANT IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC
KIDNEY DISEASE
O.L. Nethaji, V. Vaikunta Rao and K. Nalini Kumari
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine
College of Veterinary Science, TIRUPATI
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University
Total 20 canine clinical cases of chronic kidney disease were divided into two equal
groups. The criteria for selection into the therapeutic trials include a) Serum creatinine levels
between 2 - 4 mg/dl, b) Free from anemia and ascites. Dogs of Group I were treated orally with
Enalapril 0.5 mg/kg b.wt once daily for 90 days and Group-II received orally root extract of
Boeraavia diffusa 500 mg/dog twice daily for a period of 90 days. In addition, all the dogs in both
groups received Amoxacillin and Cloxacillin 25 mg/kg b.wt iv once daily, Ringer’s lactate solution
30ml / kg b.wt iv, once daily and B-Complex 1 ml m once daily for weeklong period. Therapeutic
efficacy was determined by comparative assessment of clinical improvement and serum renal
profile between dogs of two treatment groups. The results obtained will be presented.
8.21 ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST MDR
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Deepak dwivedi, Ashok kumar, Prachi dwivedi, Priyanka raj and V S Vihan
Division of animal health
Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura (U.P.), India
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial potential of some
medicinal plant extracts against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion method. The organisms were isolated from diarrhoeic
Barbari and Jamunapari kids and pus samples from skin lesions. Characterized bacteria were
assessed for their drug resistance patterns against 18 antibiotics by disc diffusion method.
Methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of Punica granatum (bark), Afphlodeleus
tnnuifolius (leaves), Acacia leucophloea(leaves), Terminalia catappa (leaves), and Dalbergia
sissoo (leaves) were tested by disc diffusion method. 86 percent of the E. coli isolates were
resistant to penicillin followed by amikacin (75%) and kanamycin (65%) while 55% of all the
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Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to penicillin followed by amoxicillin (45%) and
erythromycin (25%). 33 percent of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed resistance for
cephalexin, cephadroxil and erythromycin. Overall, on an average, a higher potential of activity in
ethyl acetate extracts of Punica granatum, Dalbergia sissoo and Terminalia catappa was
observed while methanolic extract of Acacia leucophloea and Afphlodeleus tnnuifolius showed
potential antibacterial effect. The study indicates the utility of plant extracts to combat resistant
bacterial pathogens.
8.22 THE SAFETY ASSESSMENT STUDY OF THE BI HERBAL METHALONIC EXTRACT
AND PARACETAMOL IN ALBINO WISTAR RAT
Mehta S.A., Mavadiya S.V and Vagh A.A.
Navsari Agricultural University ,Navsari (Gujarat)
The safety assessment study of bi herbal methalonic extract (BHME) of Phyllanthus niruri
and Eclipta alba and paracetamol were investigated in wistar albino rat. All the groups were daily
observed for any change in physical behavior. The dullness in behavior was observed in 40
percentage animals of group I (water control) and group II (DMSO control/vehicle control) while it
was 60 percentage in group III (Paracetamol toxicant group) animals along with inco-ordination
and lethargy. The typical change of color of the skin (yellowish from whitish) was noted in neck
and beck region and it was come to normal at the end of experiment. During the experimental
period for first three days, gross behavior changes were also observed in which hyperactivity and
pallet consumption of the rats were noted at different time interval. It was revealed from above
study that higher dose required more duration to decrease hyperactivity and initially after one
hours of administration of test drug there was no pellet consumption noted but after 6 hours, the
pallet consumption was come to normal at the same time the hyperactivity was also decreased.
8.23 THE EFFICACY OF BI HERBAL PLANT EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL
PARAMETERS IN PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXIC RATS
Raval S.K., Mehta S.A and Mavadiya S.V
Veterinary College, A.A.U., Anand (Gujarat)
The hepatoprotective activity of bi herbal methalonic extract (BHME) of Phyllanthus niruri
and Eclipta alba against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in wistar albino
rat model. The extractability of Phyllanthus niruri and Eclipta alba were found to be 8.75
percentage and 4.41 percentage respectively. The feed consumption was markly reduced in the
group (376.83 gm/1000 gm) in which the paracetamol was administered at the dose of 3 g/kg PO
on 3rd and 5th day. BHME was administered in treatment groups at the dose level of 100 mg/kg
and 250 mg/kg body weight orally daily once for 14 days. After the therapy, the improvement was
observed more in feed consumption in the 100 mg/kg group (570.00 gm/1000 gm) as compared
to 250 mg/kg body weight group (401.15 gm/1000 gm). When before and after treatment weight
was compared it was found that the minimum increase of weight gain was recorded in
paracetamol toxicant group( 3.50 gm) while in BHME treatment group viz.100 mg/kg b.wt. and
250mg /kg b.wt., it was observed that 100 mg/kg b.wt.treatment group (9.56 gm) gain more body
weight as compared to group 250mg /kg b.wt.(5.68 gm). It can be stated from above study that
BHME of Phyllanthus niruri and Eclipta alba has significant effect on physiological parameters. It
could also be revealed that treatment at the dose rate of 100mg/kg was more efficient than
250mg/kg in gaining body weight as well as in feed consumption after paracetamol toxicity.
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POSTER
PRESENTATION
SESSION
9.1 MANAGEMENT OF ANESTROUS IN PUBERTAL GIR HEIFERS USING OVSYNCH
PROTOCOL
Nitin Khade, D.M. Patel, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and S.N. Nevase
Gujarat - 388 001
The present study was aimed at the management of anestrous in pubertal Gir heifers.
Twelve pubertal anestrous Gir heifers at Heifer Development Project (Gir), Itola (VadodaraGujarat) were utilized for this study. The Ovsynch protocol was initiated in these heifers during
puberty (> 2 yrs of age), considering the first day of treatment as 0 day. Six animals were kept as
control. On day 0, six animals were given GnRH (Receptal, 0.021 mg IM). On day 7,
prostaglandin (Cyclix, 526 µg IM) was administered. On day 9, again GnRH (Receptal, 0.021 mg
IM) was administered. Finally fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) was carried out in all the six
animals on day 10. This protocol caused induced estrus and ovulation in all six animals (100%).
None of the six animals among the control group showed signs of estrus during the study period.
Ultrasound scanning on day 26 and 40 post-insemination revealed overall conception rate of
50% (three out of six animals). Rectal palpation on day 60 post-insemination also revealed 50%
pregnancy rate (three out of six animals). The mean plasma progesterone level was 0.64 ± 0.70
ng / ml and 4.45 ± 0.43 ng / ml on day 0 and day 20 post-insemination, respectively. These
results suggest that Ovsynch protocol is useful for management of anestrous and fertility
improvement in pubertal anestrous Gir heifers.
9.2 ESTROUS INDUCTION IN PUBERTAL ANESTROUS GIR HEIFERS USING CIDR
PROTOCOL
Nitin Khade, D.M. Patel and Mehrajuddin Naikoo
Gujarat - 388 001
The study was carried out on 12 pubertal anestrous Gir heifers at Heifer Development
Project (Gir), Itola (Vadodara-Gujarat). The CIDR protocol was initiated in anestrous Gir heifers
during puberty (> 2 yrs of age), considering the first day of treatment as 0 day. Six animals were
kept as control. On day 0, six animals were given estradiol valerate (Progynon Depot, 1.00 mg
IM) and CIDR (1.38 g of progesterone) was inserted intra-vaginally. On day 7, CIDR was
removed and prostaglandin (Cyclix, 526 µg IM) was administered. On day 8, again estradiol
valerate (1.00 mg IM) was administered. Finally fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) was
carried out in all the six animals on day 9. This protocol caused induced estrus and ovulation in
all six animals (100%). None of the six animals among the control group showed signs of estrus
during the study period. Ultrasound scanning on day 26 and 40 post-insemination revealed
overall conception rate of 66.66 per cent (four out of six animals). Rectal palpation on day 60
post-insemination also revealed 66.66 per cent pregnancy rate (four out of six animals). The
mean plasma progesterone level was 0.80 ± 0.14 ng / ml and 4.16 ± 0.4 ng / ml on day 0 and
day 20 post-insemination, respectively. These results suggest that CIDR protocol is useful for
management of anestrous, estrus induction and fertility improvement in pubertal anestrous
indigenous heifers.
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9.3 ROLE OF GENETIC MARKER IN AVIAN DISEASE RESISTANT
AWACHAT VAIBHAV., RAJIB DEB
Central Avian Research Institute, Division of Animal Biotechnology IVRI
Izatnagar 243 122, U.P., India
The best-characterized genetic control of disease resistance and immune response in the
chicken is that associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The MHC genes
have a profound effect on the ability of animals to respond to specific antigens. The MHC in the
chicken was first discovered as a blood group locus and is also termed the B complex. At the
molecular level, the chicken MHC has unique features that will enhance its value as a marker for
disease resistance i.e. the Class I and II genes overlap, therefore forming extremely tight linkage;
introns are relatively small (10% of the size of most mammalian MHC); additional genes,
including ones with homology to mammalian genes involved in lymphocyte activation and TAP2
(transporter associated with antigen processing) have been identified in the chicken MHC. The
chicken MHC antigens perform crucial functions in the regulation of cellular communication in the
immune response. The cell surface antigens of the MHC are unique to each genetically unique
individual. This allows immune reactions to occur against disease organisms of an almost infinite
spectrum, while simultaneously preserving the organism from self-destruction. The control of the
MHC over communication events occurs at two levels: molecular interactions at the cell surface
and cellular cooperation in an immune response. So the inclusion of genetic selection for
disease-resistant genotypes can be a beneficial addition to a comprehensive program of disease
control. Today to prevent disease in any commercial poultry business includes eradication and
sanitation, minimizing environmental stressors, and employing good programs of biosecurity and
vaccination. Although expensive to implement, genetic resistance has many desirable features
as an approach to disease management. So in conclusion, identification of genetic markers for
disease resistance can obviate the need for costly and hazardous disease-challenge testing.
Enhancing immunocompetence can improve vaccine efficacy and reduce need for antibiotic
treatment, thereby reducing residues.
Keywords: Major histocompatibility complex, Introns, Transporter
9.4 RECENT ADVANCES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EMERGING AVIAN DISEASES IN INDIA
AWACHAT VAIBHAV, DEB RAJIB
Turkey Research Unit, Central Avian Research Institute
Division of animal biotechnology, IVRI
Izatnagar 243122, U.P., India
DNA based technique have been used very commonly for the detection, diffrention and
characterization of various avian pathogen in recent days. The DNA based technique involves
RE analysis, PCR based technique, hybridization and nucleotide sequencing. Recent
development in DNA based technique made possible to analyze the genome of a virus, for this
viruses have to be replicated in tissue culture or isolated directly from clinical sample as genomic
coding capacity of virus rest on RNA or DNA. Another method of diagnostic disease is DNA
finger printing, in case of DNA virus, the finger printing can be obtained with the help of enzyme
restriction endonuclease which recognize the specific base sequence to cleave DNA into
segments of different size and these fragments can be viewed under UV light. Modern technique
also involve PCR reaction which involve the denaturing of DNA to be investigated followed by
hybridization of specific short oligonucleotide called as primers to a certain region of the both
strands of the starting nucleic acid. Hybridization region of oligonucleotide are separated from
each other by a certain distance. The hybridized nucleotides are then lengthen by a DNA
polymerase by the addition of nucleotide to produce new strands of DNA which is
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complementary to initial sequences. Development of improved technique for nucleotide
sequencing, the availability of sequence data of many viruses placed in computer databases,
and the demonstration that even relatively short sequence lengths could give meaning full results
in photogenic analysis had led to marked increase in diagnostic studies. Recent advances in
poultry disease diagnostic help in surveillance, monitoring and studying exotic disease., mixed
infection in flock, molecular epidemiology immune status of flock, production of
immunodiagnostic reagent both conventional and recent molecular biology reagents are
available indigenously and can be exploited for commercialization.
Keywords: Nucleotide sequencing, Hybridization,
9.5 IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CERTAIN HERBS
Mritunjay kumar D. B. Mondal, S.K Singh and B.D. Sahu
Present study was undertaken to assess the in vitro anti-oxidant property of certain herbs
viz., calendula flower, amla, corriander seed , methi leaves, aloe vera leaves, guava fruit, imli
fruit, maize seed, neem leaves by getting alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic and aquous extract.
Parameters viz., ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), ascorbate-iron (III)-catalysed
phospholipid peroxidation, total flavonoid content and total phenol content were evaluated in
different extract to assess the antioxidant potential. Aqueous extract was found more potent than
hydro-alcoholic and alcoholic extract and aquous extract of calendula flower was found more
potent than any other herbal extract.
9.6 TRAUMATIC PERICARDITIS ASSOCIATED DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN A CROSS
BRED BULL – A CASE REPORT
H. Vijayakumar, M. Saravanan, A.A. Ansari, D.B. Mondal and S. Dey
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar – 243 122
A 6 years old, Cross bred bull was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar with the history of inappetance, swelling of the brisket
and intermittent blot for past 10 days. Clinical examination showed pink conjunctival mucous
membrane with rectal temperature of 103.40 F and dehydration. Muffling of heart sound and fluid
splashing sound of reticulum was heard on auscultation. Haematology revealed normal
haemoglobin (8 g %) level, leukocytosis (22,700/ µl), neutropilia (69%) with left shift. Further
examination revealed brisket oedema, abduction of fore limbs, positive jugular pulse (Venous
stasis test) and pain revealed on wither pinching test. The case was diagnosed as traumatic
pericarditis and animal was managed with polyionic isotonic fluids, NSAIDs and broad spectrum
antibiotics. Rumenotomy was performed, in which nails piercing the pericardium with herniation
of reticulum through diaphragm was found. The animal survived three days, but succumbed to
death due to secondary complications of surgery.
9.7 TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF POSTPARTUM GENITAL PROLAPSE IN A GOAT
Mehrajuddin Naikoo, T.B. Shukla, Sachin Parmar, P.V. Parikh and Anil Langer
Department of ARGO, AAU, Anand, 388 001
A case of postpartum prolapse in a non-descript Goat was brought to the Veterinary
Clinics, AAU, Anand. The animal had already passed two live fetuses before four hours, since
then the animal was straining and the whole genital tract was protruded out (Vagina, Cervix and
Uterus). Clinical examination revealed a large voluminous, highly inflammable protruded mass
hanging from the genital orifice. Management of the prolapsed mass included epidural injection
of 5 ml Lignocaine Hydrochloride (2%), IV administration of 500 ml DNS (5% W/V), IV injections
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of Dexona, Terramycin, and Chlorazin, 5 ml (22 mg), 7 ml (350 mg) and 3 ml (30 mg),
respectively. The animal was secured in lateral recumbency, the prolapsed mass was cleaned by
cold water and a clean plastic sheet was used to hold the mass. Lignocaine jelly was then
applied to the whole mass and gentle pushing was done. The whole mass was then placed in a
small tub containing ice cubes for 10 minutes and it caused considerable shrinkage of the mass.
Finally the mass was pushed inside the pelvic cavity slowly and gently. Two interrupted sutures
were placed around the vulva to prevent recurrence. Post operatively, 2 Furea boli were placed
inside the uterus. Terramycin and Chlorazin were repeated for 2 more days. The vulval sutures
were removed and the animal recovered. In conclusion, ice cube application along with proper
drug combination reduces the size of the prolapsed mass and helps in resolving the problem.
9.8 MANAGEMENT OF DYSTOCIA BY FETOTOMY IN A SURTI GOAT
Mehrajuddin Naikoo, Anil Langer, T.B. Shukla and P.B. Patel
Department of ARGO, AAU, Anand, 388 001
A case of dystocia in a Surti Goat was brought to the Veterinary Clinics, AAU, Anand at
9.30 P.M. The animal had already passed 150 days of gestation. The placenta was ruptured
before six hours, since then the animal was straining but unable to expel the foetus. Clinical
examination revealed two limb buds protruded through the vulva of dam. Palpation per vaginum
revealed the foetus in anterior longitudinal presentation, dorso-sacral position, with both the fore
limbs present in the birth canal but head being deviated dorso-laterally over the foetal body.
Management of dystocia included IV administration of 500 ml DNS (5% W/V), IV injections of
Dexona, Terramycin, and Melonex, 5 ml (22 mg), 7 ml (350 mg) and 2 ml (10 mg), respectively.
The dam was lifted from rear quarters and sufficient lubrication of the foetus per vaginum was
done. The traction alone wasn’t working and thus, one of the foetal forelimb was pulled and
sectioned by a B.P. blade from around the elbow joint. This was followed by a careful incision of
the distended fetal abdomen with gentle removal of its contents. In this way enough uterine
space was created and foetus was repulsed to a desired uterine depth. Finally the foetal head
was grasped, straightened and pulled slowly accompanying one of the foetal fore limb until a
single large foetus was expelled out. Post operatively, 2 Furea boli were placed into the uterus.
Terramycin and Melonex were repeated for 2 more days and the animal improved completely. In
conclusion, fetotomy of an already dead foetus is a better method of resolving dystocia in Goats.
9.9 EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS BY TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN GIR
HEIFER-COWS
Nitin Khade, D.M. Patel, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and M.M. Gohil
388 001
The present study was carried out on 24 pubertal Gir heifer-cows at Heifer Development
Project (Gir), Itola (Vadodara-Gujarat). Ultrasound examinations were performed using a realtime B-mode ultrasound scanner (ALOKA SSD – 500) equipped with 5 MHz linear array
transducer. The animals were divided into four groups, keeping six animals as control. Three
hormone protocols were used for induction and synchronization of estrus; i) Ovsynch ii) Ovsynch
– CIDR combination and iii) CIDR. The animals were bred by fixed-time artificial insemination.
Ultrasound scanning on day 26 post-breeding revealed visualization of embryonic vesicle around
the conceptus. The embryo proper was observed in seven out of 11 animals and all conceived
animals on day 26 and 40 post-insemination, respectively. The amniotic and allantoic vesicles
were observed as non-echogenic cavities closely surrounding the embryo proper on day 40 postinsemination. Corpus luteum was observed in conceived animals on both 26 and 40 days postOrganised by: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai,
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insemination. The heart beats were observed as pulses in the centre of embryo proper on days
26 and 40 post-insemination. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the present study was recorded
as 94.44% and 100% on days 26 and 40, respectively. These results suggest that reproductive
ultrasonography is very valuable tool in detection of early pregnancy, early non-pregnancy and
early embryonic mortality.
9.10 ISOLATION OF MICRO-ORGANISM AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF EYE
AFFECTIONS IN ANIMALS
Md. Moin Ansari, F.U.Peer, B.A, Moulvi and Zubair Ahmad Akhoon,
Division of surgery and Medicine, FVSc and AH, SKUAST-K , Srinagar ,Ph. D, In-service,
Division of surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP-243122.
Among the samples tested from 25.92 % cases of eye affections, presented for treatment
during the period from March’2007 to March’2009, Staphylococcus spps. was isolated from most
cases (56%) and which isolated from almost all the species of animals (bovine, ovine, caprine
and equine). Bacillus spps. was the next common organism isolated from 15% cases (bovine,
caprine, ovine) followed by Strepcoccus spps. 14% cases (bovine, ovine and caprine),
pseudomonas 5% cases (bovine, caprine and equine), E.coli 5% cases (bovine, equine, caprine
and ovine) and Moraxella bovis 5% cases of bovine. In equine, staphylococcus and
streptococcus spps. were isolated in 50 % cases. The sensitivity tests were sensititive to
Ciprofloxacin (+ to +++), Enrofloxacin (+ to +++), Amoxacillin (+ to +++), Gentamycin (+ to +++),
Roxithromycin (+ to +++), Doxycycline (+). Among different antibiotic tested Ciprofloxacin (33%)
was found to be most effected against wide variety of organism from different species of animals
both in-vitro and in-vivo studies. None of the microorganisms isolated showed any specific
sensitivity to any of the antibiotics.
9.11 STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON EYE AFFECTIONS IN DOMESTIC
ANIMALS AND SURGICO-THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Md. Moin Ansari, F.U.Peer, B.A, Moulvi and Zubair Ahmad Akhoon
Division of surgery and Medicine, FVSc and AH, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, Ph. D, In-service,
Division of surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP-243122.
A total of 630 cases were presented for treatment during the period from March’2007 to
March’2009, for various surgical affections. The overall prevalence of total eye affections was
calculated 8.57%. The species wise analysis revealed maximum occurrence in Bovine (61.11
%), followed by Ovine (18.51%), Equine (12.96%) and Caprine (7.40%). Among various eye
affections highest percentage of prevalence was of conjunctivitis (25.92%) followed by
hypovitaminosis (18.51%), corneal opacity (14.81%), corneal ulcer (12.96%), keratitis (9.25%),
corneal rupture (5.55 %), pannus (3.70%), panophthalmia, orbital injury, entropion, dermoid and
eye worm affection (each 1.85%). The cases of conjunctivitis (25.92%), corneal opacity
(14.81%), corneal ulcer (12.96%), keratitis (9.25%), corneal rupture and Descemetocele (5.55 %)
and orbital injury (1.85%) were treated with Boric acid wash followed by antibiotic and antiinflammatory drop/ointment(Ciplox–D/ Betnesol),Vit.A preparation and Serratopeptidase
prepration. The cases of corneal opacity were treated with subjunctival injection of antibiotic and
anti-inflammatory drugs (Dexamethasone and Gentamycin) or placentrax, topical eye
preparation in the form of drops or ointment (Neosporins -H), Ciplox-D/Betnesol. Descemetocele
in calves were treated by repositioning the descemet’s membrane and suturing of corneal
epithelium. The cases of hypovitaminosis/blindness were managed by using injection of Vitamin
A. in cases of entropion and dermoid were treated surgically as per the standard procedure. The
cases of eye worms in equine were treated surgically using regional nerve blocks of the affected
eye under general anaesthesia and the worm was removed through a limbal incision at the
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12’O’clock position. Corneal opacity developed in the cases of eye worm was also managed by
suing subconjunctival injection of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs followed by eye
ointment. Ninety six percent response of treatment was recorded in the present study. Study on
season was prevalence of eye affection revealed that the maximum cases (74.07%) occurred
during summer (April -July) followed by 25.92% in winter (November-February). The factor for
higher prevalence of eye affections during summer might be attributed to the outdoor grazing
and to various traumas due to the thorny bushes, barbed wire etc. This can be obviated by
restricting the outdoor grazing and roaming of the animals during summer.
9.12 A CASE OF ANTE-PARTUM PROLAPSE IN DECCANI SHEEP AND IT’S SUCCESSFUL
TREATMENT
Network Project on Sheep Improvement, (Deccani Farm Based Unit),
Pre-partum prolapse of vagina and cervix are more common than the post-partum
prolapse .A 5 years old Deccani Ewe of 4 months pregnant was presented at NWPSI (Deccani
Farm Based Unit), Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. Protrusion of uterine mass through
the vulva when sheep is in sitting posture it returns to normal position but when the sheep gets
up then showing a symptoms abdominal restlessness with frequent straining. On clinical
examination it was revealed that there was slight increase in body temperature, respiration and
heart rates with anorexia.
On through clinico-gynaecological examination it was found that the mass coming out of
vulval cleft was nothing but the cervix of a gravid uterus and was found healthy. To avoid
posterior straining ewe was given a posterior epidural anesthesia (2 % Xylocaine 2 ml). in the 1 st
inter coccygeal space in standing position. The prolapsed ewes taken where hind part remains at
higher level than the fore part. The mass was lifted by two hands and urine was relived by
catheterization. The prolapsed mass washed and cleaned with mild potassium parmenget
solution (1:1000) and then apply ice cubes on the prolapsed mass. After slight reduction of
prolapsed mass was applied with Lignacaine jelly. The prolapsed mass is gently pushed inside
with full care. After reposition of prolapsed mass to prevent the recurrence of prolapse the vulval
lips were sutured by purse string suture. The medicinal treatment included inj. Calcium gluconate
10% @ 10 ml, i/v and inj. Duvadilan (Isoxsuprine 5 mg/ml) @ 0.5 mg/kg, i/m to avoid straining
and supportive therapy as routinely carried out for 5 days. Localy antiseptic and fly repellents
were applied on the suture line and repeated for a week. That ewe made an uneventful recovery
and experienced normal delivery in due course of time was observed. The present report records
a case of Ante-partum prolapse in Deccani ewe and it’s successful management.
9.13 A CASE OF PARAPHIMOSIS AND IT’S SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT IN DECCANI RAM
Mane P. M., Dhole P. T. and Nimase R.G.
Network Project on Sheep Improvement, (Deccani Farm Based Unit),
Paraphimosis is inability to withdrawn the penis into prepucle position, erection of penis
through stenotic ring and paralysis of penis are the important aetiological factors. This condition
is occasionally encountered in bulls similarly in sheep it is rare. A Deccani Ram aged about 3
years, was presented at the NWPSI (Deccani Farm Based Unit), Mahatma Phule Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Rahuri with history of prolapse of penis through prepucle position. The animal was
dull and off feed. The prolapsed part of penis, about 9 cm in length, was contaminated with soil,
slight hemorrhagic and inflammatory swelling of protruded area of glans penis. On clinical
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examination it was found that the temperature, respiration and heart rates were apparently
normal.
prepucial sheath was nothing but the glans penis and was found healthy. The prolapsed mass
was washed with mild potassium parmenget lotion (1:1000) and ice cubes pressure was applied
for reducing size of glans penis and prepuce. Lignocaine jelly was applied on the prolapsed
mass and then pushed gently in prupicial sheath with proper care. After that given a purse sring
sutures on preputial orifice. On 2nd day it was observed that the odematous inflammatory swelling
of the prolapsed penis was reduced and it was possible to manipulate the prepucial orifice easily,
without any adhesions. In post operative treatment consisted of daily withdrawal of penis and
application of antiseptic ointment, fly repellent and other supportive was routinely carried out for
a week. The sutures applied around the sheath were removed on 5th post operative day and the
animal had uneventfully recovered. Further, no recurrence of the condition was reported. The
animal was exhibiting normal urination afterwards. The present paper deals with a case of
Paraphimosis in a Deccani Ram and and it’s successful management.
9.14 SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF BILATERAL CONTRATED FLEXOR TENDON
Mrunali Kamble, S. U. Raut, S. Noor Mohammad and B. N. Meshram
Total 9 cases (6 Calf, 1 Pup and 2 Kids) of different age groups with different breeds and
sexes were presented in a TVCC having complaints with difficulty in walking since from birth. It
was diagnosed as knuckling after clinical examination. They were suffering from second degree
contraction. All animals were treated with Inj. Oxyteracycline @ 1 ml/ 10 kg b.w. od which was
injected locally at the site of contraction of tendon and Inj. multivitamins 1ml/ kg b.w. od
intramuscularly for 5 - 7 days. All the cases were showed uneventful recovery after 10 days.
9.15 SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT IN CORNEAL OPACITY: A REPORT
B. N. Meshram, Mrunali Kamble and Priya Nagare
NMC Veterinary Dispensary, Mahal, Nagpur
Total 19 cases of different age groups, breeds and sexes including 6 bull, 2 buffalo, 9
dogs, 1 goat and 1 cat were presented in NMC Veterinary Dispensary, Mahal, Nagpur. They had
the complaints of opaque eyes since 4-15 days. The clinical examination of all cases was
diagnosed as bilateral or unilateral corneal opacity. All the cases were treated with Cinereria
Marunia eye drop tid for 10- 12 days which were showed uneventful recovery after 15 days.
9.16 WRY NECK CONDITION DUE TO BACTERIAL OTITIS IN RABBITS
R.K.Bhardwaj, Ankur Sharma, A.K. Taku and Ajay Gupta
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry
SKUAST-J, RS Pura-181102, Jammu
Five adult Newzealand white rabbits (1-2.5 years) were presented to the university clinics
with a history of development of wry neck with staggering gait and loss of balance and death of
three rabbits in the total flock of 42. All animals in the flock were examined and 15 rabbits were
found to be affected with mild to severe symptoms of torticollis. Mean temperature of the flock
was 102.6 0.2 0C. Ear swab samples from both the ears were collected for demonstration of
mites, microbiological culture and sensitivity test. Radiographs of head were taken to rule out any
ear-associated infections. Fecal samples were collected to rule out the endoparasitic or protozoal
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infestation.Microbiological culture of ear swabs on nutrient agar yielded smooth shiny yellowishpigmented colonies which were confirmed by Gram’s staining and biochemical tests as
Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic sensitivity test of ear swabs showed maximum sensitivity for
enrofloxacin, cefotaxim, ciprofloxacin and intermediate to low sensitivity for ampicillin,
amoxycillin, penicillin and chloramphenicol. Radiographs of 8 severely affected rabbits showed
normal black contrast of air in the ears with no other abnormality evident in the head of the
animal.Feaecal sample found negative for endoparsite/protozoa. All affected rabbits were treated
with enrofloxacin @5 mg/kg b.wt in drinking water and Ciprofloxacin ear drops 2-4 drop instilled
t.i.d in affected ear for 2 weeks. The affected animals recovered eventfully without any
complications within two weeks of treatment.
9.17 MANAGEMENT OF MITE INFESTATION IN AN AUSTRILIAN PARROT
R. K. Bhardwaj, R. Singh and M.S.Bhadwal
An Australian parrot of 9 months old was presented in University Hospital with the history
of loss feathers and severe itching and inappetance. Clinical examination revealed loss of
feathers, thickened skin and pityriasis over the body. Skin scrapings were found positive for
Sarcoptes sps. The bird was treated with ivermectin @ 200 µg/kg b.wt orally and Vitamix
(Vitamins supplement) in drinking water with topical dusting with Carbaryl (Notix powder).
9.18 AVAILING PROSPECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Clinical Veterinary Medicine
U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand
The term “nanotechnology” refers to any technology or science which incorporates atomic
level matter, dealing with functional structure and materials, measured in nanometers (one
billionth of a meter). In the advancing era of new health related techniques, veterinary medicine
is entering a phase of new transformation which is beyond belief. The major contributor to those
changes is our recent ability to measure, exploit, collaborate and organize matter at the
nanoscale level. Implementation of nanotechnology seems to cover all the fields of science and
technology by applying techniques including nanoscale, nanoprobes, nanotubes, nanoshells,
nanofilters, functional bioengineered materials, organic-inorganic hybrid biomaterials,
nanofabrication, bioinformatics and in many other innumerable, yet unrevealed useful facets.
Role of nanomedicine in veterinary practice includes disease-detection and treatment delivery
system, vaccine production, new tools for molecular and cellular breeding, security of animal
food products, modification of animal wastes, pathogen recognition, biopolymers for orthopedic
and
cardiovascular
applications,dentistry,
biosensors,
nanoscale
physiology
and
pathology,genetics and genome fact-finding, immunoassay, cellular and tissue engineering,
cancer therapeutics, disease control, nanoscale imaging as diagnostic approaches and many
more. Nanotechnology is quite a new approach in the mainstream of veterinary medicine, Most
of the veterinarians are simply unaware of its expedient potential. The real challenge is to
assimilate, apply and promote these technologies in a way that will provide maximum benefits to
animal’s health. By exploring the new approaches in nanoscale world, there will be a great
impact on veterinary research leading to innovations never before dreamed up. Nanotechnology
may offer a tremendous numbers of breakthroughs that will advance the practice of clinical
147
veterinary medicine, as it holds aspiring promises for animal health, veterinary medicine and
other areas of animal production.
9.19 LEISHMANIASIS IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT
Sudhakara Reddy. B, K. Nalini Kumari, S. Siva Jothi, P. Gopal Reddy and V. C. Rayulu
Dept. of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science,
SVVU, Tirupati- 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
A regularly dewormed and vaccinated male Labrador dog (4 years, 18 kg) was referred to
the College Hospital with a previous history of repeated skin problems, intermittent diarrhea,
fever, dyspepsia, emaciation, lethargy and progressive weight loss since four months. Current
complaint of the dog was diarrhea from three days along with fever, anorexia and limping of hind
limbs. Dog was febrile with generalized lymphadenopathy. Skin lesions included dry exfoliations,
alopecia, hemorrhagic spots over abdomen and groin regions, nasal depigmantation, inter digital
raw lesions, hyperkeratosis of digital pads and brittleness of nails and overgrown nails. Dog had
anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, normal total serum protein, hyper globulinemia, low
albumin, low albumin/globulin ratio, normal ALT, creatinine and BUN. Urine was positive for pus
cells and RBCs. Peripheral blood smears and lymph node aspirates showed leishmanial
organisms within and outside the macrophages, as small oval bodies containing a dark nucleus.
Based on the clinical signs and laboratory results the condition was confirmed as leishmaniasis.
Dog was treated with oral ketoconazole, amoxicillin and cloxacillin, parentral iron, oral
hematinics, hepato protective tonics and benzyl peroxide shampoo. Improvement became
evident by four days though complete cure was seen after two months of therapy. During the
observatory period of one year there was no recurrence.
9.20 TYPICAL CASE OF DEMODECTIC MANGE IN PUP AND ITS TREATMENT
D.V. Aghav, Deepti Gupta and Sushma Shelu
Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur
A three month old pup was presented at government hospital, Nagpur with the history of
severe generalized itching, alopecia, erythema and hyperkeratinization. On laboratory
examination skin scrapping was found positive for demodex canis. Treatment of mange was
done by combination of NT –Mite liquid 4ml/lt, topically, once a week, Sheen & Kleen Shampoo
bath once a week and Glossy coat Syrup, 1 tsf (5gm), per Os daily. Case was complete
recovered after five applications.
9.21 PREVENTION OF ARSENIC INDUCED RENAL APOPTOSIS BY CONCORDANT
ADMINISTRATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOM, Pleurotus florida LECTIN (PFL)
T Rana, AK Bera, S Das, D Bhattacharya, D Pan, S Bandyopadhyay, S Bandyopadhyay,
SK Das
Chronic arsenic exposure results in toxicity in humans with several toxicological
manifestations. Apoptosis in different organ is one of the possible mechanism of arsenicosis.
This investigation dealt with the possibility of arsenic mediated renal apoptosis and its
amelioration by Pleurotus florida lectin (PFL). Apoptosis was measured by cell adhesion assay,
morphological alterations, cell proliferation, Terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and
Caspase-3/CPP32 assay. Results of the present study suggested that arsenic administration in
rat caused renal apoptosis by elevating morphological alterations, TUNEL positive nuclei,
caspase-3 activity and DNA damage and reducing cell adhesion and cell proliferation in a time
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dependent manner. The apoptosis in renal cells of arsenic exposed rat reverted to normal values
after co-administration of mushroom lectin. It could also normalize biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by arsenic. The study provided significant evidence that
mushroom lectin has anti-apoptotic property that could be beneficial in protecting arsenicinduced renal toxicity. This finding might be of therapeutic benefit in people suffering from
chronic exposure to arsenic from natural sources.
9.22 IN VITRO STUDY OF APOPTOSIS INDUCING NOVEL NANOMATERIAL FOR ITS
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALITY AGAINST PROTOSCOLECES OF Echinococcus
granulosus
S De, D Pan, AK Bera, V Sreevatsava, S Bandyopadhyay, S Bandyoapadhyay, D Chaudhuri, S
Kumar, T Rana, S Das, SK Das, VV Suryanarayana and D Bhattacharya
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus
granulosus. Componds used for chemotherapy are albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel
for their protoscolicidal activity. Almost all compounds are showing varying degree of resistance
which needs attention for new anthelmintic drug. Thus the present study describes the activity of
nanomaterial on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus, which exhibited morphological
deviation and apoptosis. Apoptotic changes were evaluated on the basis of effector caspase
activation and nucleosomal laddering. Invaginated protoscoleces maintained in vitro became
evaginated and had hooks, presumptive suckers and stalks. Degenerative changes of
protoscoleces were evidenced after treatment with praziquantel and nano-combination.
Protoscoleces treated with praziquantel had distinct attestation of necrosis and nanocombination treated protoscoleces had signatures of apoptosis.
9.23 AN ACUTE CASE OF MASTITIS AND ITS TREATMAENT- A CASE REPORT
Deepti Gupta, Raman Gupta, Nitin Kumar Caesor and Arvind Sharma
T.V.C.C, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College,Bharatpur Rajasthan
A buffalo in her fourth lactation was presented to the college hospital. The buffalo was
febrile, while the affected quarter was diffusely swollen, fibroses and warm up on touch. Physical
abnormalities of milk include yellowish color, watery consistency with flakes and clots. Buffalo
was treated with mastiwok (cefoperazone) single dose intramammary, wocef (ceftriaxone)
intravenous, meloxicaim intramuscular and bolus serakind for five days. There was appreciable
improvement in the clinical case within five days with the advice for continuous stripping of milk
twice daily.
9.24 OLD CASE OF MIXED PROLAPS OF VAGINA AND RECTUM AND ITS TREATMENT
Deepti Gupta, Raman Gupta, Arvind Sharma and Nitin Kumar Caesor
T.V.C.C, Mahatma Gandhi Veterinary College,Bharatpur Rajasthan
A stray cow was presented to the T.V.C.C. Bharatpur with prolapsed mass of vagina and
rectum. Cow was clinically examined and found that prolapsed mass was necrosed, hard,
swollen and heavily infested with maggot. Treatment of cow was started with pouring of
turpentine oil on prolapsed mass, after removing of maggot prolapsed mass was washed
properly lubricated and replace inside and apply Brunner’s suture around the vagina and button
suture on rectum wall under the epidural anesthesia. Inj oxytetracyclin, inj belamyl and inj
melonex was given for five days and single injection of ivermectin was given at first day. Both
suture are removed at 6th day and complete cure of case recorded at 6th days.
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9.25 AUTOHAEMOTHERAPY IN GOAT PAPILLOMATOSIS
Taluka Veterinary, Minipolyclinic, Barshitakali
Dist: Akola – 444 401, Maharashtra
The development of caprine mammary gland warts seems to depend on several factors,
namely non-pigmented skin, age, excessive exposure to sunlight and contact with a yet
undefined infective agent. Treatment by the injection of preparations containing antimony and
removal of wart mass by surgical operation, traction or ligation is common.
In the present study, papillomatos mass gradually dried and at last fall after injection of
self blood of the animal. More intense study may help to know clearly the actual reason behind
the cure of the disease.
9.26 CORNEAL OPACITY IN AN INDIAN RING-NECKED PARROT AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Jasmeet Singh, Madhu D. N., S. U. Nabi, J. A. Vala, A. M. Pawde and S. Dey
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122
Corneal opacity is a common finding in geriatric patients but in young animals it is mostly
acquired due to trauma or any systemic disease leading to loss in vision. Various treatments
have been found to be effective in the management of this condition with variable success. A
female Indian ring-necked parrot (Psittacula krameri manillensis) aged about 6 months was
presented to Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, IVRI, Izatnagar with the history of gradual loss of
vision in left eye over a period of 45 days. History revealed that the bird had a traumatic injury in
the same eye due to an accidentally induced traumatic hit with broom stick by the owner’s child.
It became gradually opacified over the period of one month with no response to treatment with
topical application of steroid and it was referred by local Veterinarian for expert opinion and
treatment. The case was of chronic nature but still it was decided to manage the condition
without surgical intervention. Medical therapy was initiated with the subconjuctival injection of 0.2
ml of placentrex (aq. extract of human placenta) using an insulin syringe. The owner was advised
to instill atropine eye drops 4 times daily along with topical application of dexamethasone
ointment twice daily for a period of one week. Placentrex injection was repeated on 3 occasions
at weekly intervals in follow up period. The parakeet made an uneventful recovery with
appreciable return of vision. No signs of recurrence were seen in the animal during the follow up
period of 6 months. The details of case will be discussed at length in the paper.
9.27 MANAGEMENT OF ANESTROUS IN PUBERTAL GIR HEIFERS WITH OVSYNCH PLUS
CIDR COMBINATION
D.M. Patel, Nitin Khade, Mehrajuddin Naikoo and R.D. Patil
Gujarat - 388 001
The present study was carried out on 12 pubertal anestrous Gir heifers at Heifer
Development Project (Gir), Itola (Vadodara-Gujarat). The Ovsynch+CIDR protocol was initiated
in anestrous Gir heifers during puberty (> 2 yrs of age), considering the first day of treatment as 0
day. Six animals were kept as control. On day 0, six animals were given GnRH (Receptal, 0.021
mg IM) and CIDR (1.38 g of progesterone) was inserted intra-vaginally on the same day. On day
7, CIDR was removed and prostaglandin (Cyclix, 526 µg IM) was administered. On day 9, again
GnRH (Receptal, 0.021 mg IM) was administered. Finally fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI)
was carried out in all the six animals on day 10. This protocol caused induced estrus and
ovulation in all six animals (100%). None of the six animals among the control group showed
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signs of estrus during the study period. Ultrasound scanning on day 26 and 40 post-insemination
revealed overall conception rate of 66.66 per cent (four out of six animals). Rectal palpation on
day 60 post-insemination also revealed 66.66 per cent pregnancy rate (four out of six animals).
The mean plasma progesterone level was 0.84 ± 0.13 ng / ml and 3.69 ± 0.31 ng / ml on day 0
and day 20 post-insemination, respectively. These results suggest that Ovsynch+CIDR protocol
is useful for management of anestrous and fertility improvement in pubertal anestrous heifers.
9.28 CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF PREPARTUM GENITAL PROLAPSE IN A GIR COW
Livestock Research Station
Gujarat - 388 001
A Gir cow at LRS, Anand was suffering from prepartum prolapse since six months of
gestation. Clinical signs included protrusion and hanging of small mass through the genital
passage. At the time of first appearance of genital mass, the cow was six months pregnant.
Clinical examination revealed highly inflammable protruded mass hanging from the genital
orifice. Management of the prolapsed mass included epidural injection of 7 ml Lignocaine
Hydrochloride (2%), IV administration of 450 ml Mifex (Novartis, India Ltd.), IV injection of 1000
ml DNS (5% W/V), IM injections of 5.0 g Dicrysticin-STM (Zydus AHL, India, Ltd.) and 15 ml
Chlorazin. The animal was controlled in standing position and prolapsed mass was cleaned with
cold water. Lignocaine jelly was then applied to the whole mass and gentle pushing was done.
Finally the mass was pushed inside the pelvic cavity slowly and gently. Three interrupted sutures
were placed around the vulva to prevent recurrence. Dicrysticin-STM and Chlorazin were
repeated for 2 more days. The vulval sutures were removed after 10 days and the animal
recovered. The condition recurred thrice in the cow between six months and nine months of
gestation and every time same treatment protocol was followed. The cow gave birth to a live
female calf at the completion of gestation period. In conclusion, proper care of the farm animals
with good therapeutic management helps in resolving problems like prepartum prolapse.
9.29 ADOPTION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PPR VACCINE AT FIELD LEVEL
Rupasi Tiwari, M.C. Sharma and B.P. Singh
Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP-243122
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) also known as goat plague and is a OIE list A disease.
It is highly infectious Rinderpest-like viral disease of sheep and goats. It is now widely prevalent
in all parts of the country. It causes death in more than 50% of the affected animals due to high
fever, pneumonia, diarrhoea and dehydration. A loss of Rs. 653.20 Lakhs rupees occurred in the
country due to the morbidity and mortality due to the PPR disease ( Singh and Prasad 2005) .
According to another rough estimate PPR causes an economic loss of Rs. 1800 million (US$39
million) every year in our country (Singh, 2009). Live attenuated homologous PPR vaccine was
developed and released by Indian Veterinary Research Institute in the year 2001-2002 and this
technology was commercialized in the year 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 to two companies namely
Intervet, Ltd. Pune and Indian Immunologicals ,Ltd. , Hyderabad respectively.
The present study was taken up to assess the opinion of the goat and sheep owners
regarding the adoption level and effectiveness of this technology in protecting their animals
against the PPR disease. A total of 240 goat / sheep owners were randomly selected from 10
districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP) districts and two districts of Uttarakhand which were having a
high population of the goats and sheep. Results of the study revealed that more than half of the
selected goat owners knew about the PPR disease and most of them (40 %) reported a loss of
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Rs. 4000-Rs.7000 due to PPR in their farm. Most (68%)of the goat owners were aware of the
vaccine for preventing PPR and further those who knew about the vaccine cent per cent of them
were vaccinating their animals for the disease. Most of them reported to face no problems after
the vaccination while a few reported occasional problems of moderate fever and loss of appetite.
Majority (46.15% ) paid Rs. 2.00 for vaccination per animal while 38.46 % paid between Rs. 2.00
to Rs 5.00 per animal for PPR vaccination. The source of vaccine was Vet. Doctor/ Stockman.
Majority say that the cost of vaccine is high and wish that it should be free of cost. Majority of the
farmers/livestock owners reported that this technology is effective and economically profitable.
9.30 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ONION (Allium cepa) POISONING IN RED
KANDHARI BULLOCKS
Rakh B J, Sakhre M P, Muley V D, Digraskar S U
Department of veterinary Medicine
COVAS, Parbhani
Two red kandhari bullocks were admitted to TVCC, Parbhani with history of accidental
ingestion of excessive Onion and its residues, straining, anorexia and diarrhea. Both the bullocks
were treated with Inj. Diminazene aceturatel, oxytetracycline, B-Complex and antihistaminics by
local veterinarian.the clinical examination of bullocks revealed haemoglobinuria, paler mucous
membrane, tachycardia, increase in respiratory rate the hematological finding were Hb- 4.4
gm%, PCV-13.2% and Hb 5.2 gm%, PCV- 15.4 % of 1st & 2nd bullocks respectively. The case
was diagnosed based on history and clinical signs. The present case was successfully treated
with Inj. Ascorbic acid 60 ml i/v SD with supportive regimen hematinics, B- complex and
hypertonic saline for 3 days.
9.31 THIAMINE DEFICIENCY IN A GOAT: A CASE REPORT
Mehere Y.S., Nimase R. G. Mane P. M. Hande S.T. and G.S.Khandekar
Taluka Veterinary Mini Polyclinic, Rahuri .Tal:-Rahuri,
Dist.:- Ahmednagar – 413412 (M. S.)
Thiamine deficiency usually occurs because of a build up of bacteria such as Bacilus
thiaminolyticus in the rumen which produces an enzyme that destroys thiamine in the food before
the animal can absorb it. This disease may affect goats from 2 months to 3 years of age and is
commonly associated with milk replacer diets in kids or concentrate feeding in older goats. A 2
years old primiparous Sangamneri goat presented on field with history of upward deviation of
neck i.e. typical “star gazing posture”( Plate 1), anorexia and stiff gait. The animal showed
restlessness and depression. The faeces and urination were normal. On clinical observation
revealed Respiration rate (37/min), Heart rate (122/min) and normal rectal temperature (102º
F)On the basis of signs and symptoms the case was diagnosed as Thiamine deficiency and
treated with inl. Tribivet (B1 50mg + B6 50mg + B12 500mcg) @ 3 ml b.i.d. for three days. The
animal showed marked improvement after administration of two doses of Tribivet. The supportive
treatment include Dextrose 5 % @ 300 ml daily for two days. The animal had uneventfully
recovered after two days of treatment. This report deals with a case of Thiamine deficiency in
goat and its successful recovery with B1, B2 and B12 treatment.
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9.32 DIABETES MELLITUS IN DOGS - A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Priyanka, P.S.Thirunavukkarasu, D.Sumathi, K.Jeyaraja, S.Vairamuthu and A.P.Nambi
Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism
occurring as a consequence of either an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, or peripheral
cell insensitivity to insulin. The underlying pathology is, however, poorly understood and is
considered to be multifactorial. The present study was conducted on the dogs brought to Madras
Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with the history and clinical signs of weight loss, polyuria,
polydipsia, polyphagia and bilateral mature cataract. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was made
based on the fasting blood glucose level and the presence of glycosuria. Epidemiological
parameters like age, breed and sex wise incidence and overall incidence in hospital population
were studied. Other details like clinical signs, biochemical changes were studied and the results
will be presented in detail.
9.33 HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND BONE MARROW STUDIES ON ANEMIC, ACID FAST
BACILLI SHEDDING AND HEALTHY COWS
R. K .Bhardwaj, C. S. Randhawa, S. S. Randhawa and N.K.Sood
Guru Angad Dev University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
A total of 250 crossbred cows (3-9 years) of age were screened for gastrointestinal
parasites and blood protozoan/rickettesia and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in faeces. Forty-three
anemic crossbred cows, negative for gastrointestinal parasites, AFB in fecal smears and
protozoa/ rickettesia in blood smear and 45 crossbred cows tested positive for JD in Johnin test
and acid-fast bacilli in rectal pinch were finally sampled to study hematobiochemical parameter.
The blood samples were analyzed for hematological parameters viz. Hb, PCV, TEC, red cell
indices. Bone marrow aspirate examination was done to calculate M:E ratio and to assess iron
stores in ten anemic, ten AFB shedder cows and five healthy controls to confirm type and nature
of anemia and also to access iron status. Blood was also analyzed for biochemical parameters
viz. iron biochemistry, total bilirubin, TPP, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, fibrinogen, PUN and
TPP:Fib. ratio. Anemia was mild in 55.8 per cent, moderate in 30.3 per cent and severe in 13.9
per cent of crossbred cows. Mean M:E ratio was low ( 0.6 0.05) in anemic as compared to
non-anemic (1.02 0.03) cows suggestive of regenerative anemia . Bone marrow stores were
adequate in 7 and low in 3 anemic cows. Hemoglobin and PCV was low in 53.3 and 64.4 % of
AFB shedding cows, respectively. Chronic diarrhea was present in 42.2 percent of AFB shedding
cows. The prevalence rate of anemia was high (64 percent) in diarrheic compared to nondiarrheic AFB shedding cows (36 percent). Anemia was of normocytic-normochromic type and of
mild to moderate degree. Mean M:E ratio was 1.58 0.02 in AFB shedding cows and 1.02
0.03 in non-anemic healthy cows. Prussian blue staining indicated high hemosiderin reserves (+
2.5 to + 4) in 8 cows and normal (+1 to– +2) in remaining two AFB shedding cows. The M:E ratio
of AFB shedding cows were above 1.0 and higher than non-anemic (1.02). Bone marrow
examination revealed that erythropoiesis was depressed in AFB shedding compared to nonanemic cows. It is therefore followed that anemia was non-regenerative in AFB shedder cows
with heavy bone marrow iron reserves. The study concluded that anemia was more prevalent in
clinically JD cows. Anemia was of normocytic-normochromic type. Biochemical parameters viz.
plasma iron, TIBC, TPP, albumin, plasma urea nitrogen and total cholesterol were significantly
low (p 0.05) in JD cows.
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9.34 PRIMARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM IN A MONGREL MALE DOG
Department of Veterinary Surgery
Department of Livestock Production and Management
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- 141 004
Diagnosis of Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s diseases) poses a great challenge due to
low incidence and vague clinical signs. The present report describes a case of Addison’ disease
in a 3.5 years old male mongrel dog presented with a week old complaint of vomition, mild
diarrheoa and profound weakness. At the time of presentation, dog had subnormal rectal
temperature and heart rate. Treatment with intravenous fluid antibiotics, antacid, antiemetic and
multivitamin supplements further deteriorated the condition. The next day, animal was presented
in a comatose state with heart rate 48 beats per minute and severe bradyarrhythmia.
Electrocaradiogram revealed absence of P wave and increased QRS interval. Serum
biochemical parameters revealed hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, altered Na:K ratio, and increased
ALT, creatinine, BUN, GGT and AKLP values. Serum cortisole level was lowered, while TSH and
T3 levels were increased, while T4 was within normal range. Based upon clinical signs,
biochemical reports and ECG findings, diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism associated with
secondary renal and hepatic function impairment was given. The dose rate of Fluodrocortisone
@13µg/ kg body weight twice daily was titrated effective in the present case. Marked
improvement in clinical condition, activity and attitude of the dog was observed. The rectal
temperature, heart rate and ECG findings returned towards normal limits. Level of all enzymes
related to kidney and liver functions were within the normal range. Increase in cortisole level was
evident, but it was still below normal level. T3 and TSH levels decreased while T4 was still within
the normal range.
9.35 DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN A GOAT KID- A REPORT
Saravanan. M, Sasikala. V, Ranjithkumar. M, Kalyansharma and Mondal. D.B
Izatnagar – 243 122 (U.P)
A four month old, non- descriptive male kid was brought to the Referral Veterinary
Polyclinic, IVRI with the history of hair loss, scaling, itching and inappetance for past two weeks.
On clinical examination, the kid had pityriasis all over the body. Alopecia noticed on the ear
pinna, perioccular region and around the nasal and axiallary region. Trichography and cultural
examination confirmed the Dermatophyte infection i.e. of Microsporum gypseum. The animal
was treated with oral Griseofulvin @ 25 mg/kg /day for ten days with other supportive therapy.
Complete clinical recovery was reported afterwards.
9.36 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON CANINE SYSTEMIC DISORDERS
K. Satish Kumar, D. Srikala, V.V.V. Amruth Kumar, S. Ayodhya, P. Nagaraj and
D. S. Tirumala Rao
Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar
Dogs presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of College of Veterinary
Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with the signs suspected for various systemic disorders
over a period of 12 months (Jan to Dec’ 2010) are subjected for ultrasound scanning. Out of a
total of 394 dogs that were subjected for ultrasonography of various organs/systems, 131(33%)
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revealed hepato-biliary disorders that were of highest prevalence. Whereas, 107(27%) dogs
revealed cardiovascular, 64(16%) urinary, 52(13%) genital, 11(03%) Gastro-intestinal, 22(06%)
thyroid and 07(02%) ocular abnormalities. All the dogs diagnosed for various systemic disorders
were treated with respective therapeutic agents for specified duration. From the present study it
was found that the ultrasonography was the most sensitive means of non-invasive diagnostic
technique for various systemic disorders and also helps to assess therapeutic efficacy. The
details are discussed.
9.37 NANOWORLD: - A NEW HOPE IN VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE
Dr. Vishnu Kumar
M.V.Sc. Scholar
Animal Genetics Division
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP) India - 243 122
In the era of new health related technologies, veterinary profession will enter in a phase
of new and incredible transformations. The major contributor to these changes is our recent
ability to measure, manipulate and organise things at the nanoscale level. Understanding the
principles that rule the nanoscale world will be of great significance on veterinary research
leading to novel discoveries never before imagined. Nanotechnology, a miraculous approach, is
becoming one of the most promising scientific fields of research in decades as well as opening
new windows to understand and replicate or improve the complexity and functionality of
biological materials. It has a tremendous potential to advance animal productivity through genetic
improvement, delivering of genes and drug molecules to specific sites at cellular levels and nano
array based gene technologies for gene expression in animals under stress conditions.
Nanotechnology has revealed its significance in tracking of oestrus in female animals by
nanotubes with high accuracy. Nanofabricated gel free system is offering novel approach for
DNA sequencing to assess the molecular markers associated with economic traits. Sexing of
sperms and understanding of the mode of action of a gene have become very rapid as well as
accurate with nanotechnology. Despite initial success, the veterinary applications of
nanotechnology are in its infancy, and further development in nanotechnology in this sector can
be expected to become the main economic driving forces in the long run and benefit farmers,
ecosystems and general society at large.
Key words: Genetic improvement, Molecular markers, Nanotechnology, Sexing
9.38 SUCESSFUL THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF THEILERIOSIS IN A RED KANDHAR
CALF
P. S. Khangal, M. L. Pawar, N. V. Awale, C. N. Galdhar, T. D. Rasal, and S. U. Digraskar.
Haemato-biochemical profile of Red Kandhar male cattle calf of 3monts age, weighing
approximately 30 kg confirmed the infection of Theileria annulata. Appropriate and timely
administration of specific anti-theilerial compound coupled with adjunct therapeutic regimen and
nutritional management resulted in good clinical improvement followed by early clinical recovery
that are reported and discussed in detail.
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9.39 CRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN A SPITZ DOG – A CLINICAL CASE REPORT
M. L. Pawar, .P. S. Khangal, N. V. Awale, C. N. Galdhar, T. D. Rasal, and S. U. Digraskar.
A 6 year old spitz female, weighing about 5kg, was confirmed with chronic renal failure by
detailed clinico-pathological and ultrasonographic study. Administration of apt fluid, electrolyte
and medicinal therapy viz. antibiotics, liver tonics, antioxidant and other supportive therapy
resulted in good clinical improvement for initial 5 days. Whereas animal died on 11th day of posttherapy exhibiting prolonged deterioration in the body condition. Further detailed postmortem
examination findings and organometry confirmed the condition of Chronic Renal Failure.
9.40 TELEMEDICINE IN VETERINARY PRACTICE
Sarita Devi, R.D. Singh, J. A. Vala, Rupsi Tiwari and M.C. Sharma
With the rapid growth in computer & telecommunications technology over the last few yrs,
nearly every type of industry continues to proliferate and medicine whether human or veterinary
is no exception. Because of innovations in above fields, many elements of medical practice can
be accomplished when the patient and health care provider are geographically separated. Care
at a distance is an old practice which was often conducted via post which in modern
communication technology has metamorphosed into what we know as telemedicine.
Telemedicine is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another for the
health, diagnosis, consultation, treatment and the transfer of (medical) data of the patient.
Though initially considered “futuristic” and “experimental” Telemedicine is today a reality and has
come to stay. Telemedicine is a technology that allows a veterinarian to digitalize radiographic,
ultrasound and microscopic images and send them via fax or the Internet to a veterinary
specialist for interpretation. With telemedicine, distant veterinarians can provide that service
without leaving their home office. The prominent name in the field of telemedicine in veterinary
practice all over the world is VDIC ((Vietnam Development Information Center) from USA,
Antech, IDEXX, Cardiopet and Vet Med Fax. Veterinary telemedicine is an important field which
requires further research.
9.41 EVALUATION OF MICRO-MINERAL STATUS OF VRINDAWANI CALVES OF
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Sarita Devi, Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo, Pankaj Kumar, Rupsi Tiwari and M.C. Sharma
Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the micro-mineral status of Vrindawani
male and female calves of different age groups reared on the Cattle and Buffalo farm, LPM
section, IVRI, Izatnagar, and to monitor the quality of their mineral nutrition in this way. Four
different age groups of calves comprising of six male and six female cows in each group were
made. Collected blood samples are subjected to acid digestion overnight at room temperature
followed by low heat digestion (70-800C) using heat/digestion bench. Final volume of filtrate was
made up to 15 ml with triple distilled deionized water. AAS (Model no. AAS 4141, EICL,
Hyderabad, India) was used for the estimation of micro-minerals (Cu, Fe, Zn and Pb). Sample
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analysis was done by attached computer and concentration of minerals was expressed in parts
per million (ppm). The data collected analyzed by standard statistical methods. From the study it
could be inferred that ascertaining micro-mineral status of calves is helpful to estimate the
beneficial levels of micro-minerals to prevent related deficiencies, monitoring the quality of their
mineral nutrition so that diet and management can accordingly be adjusted keeping in view that
milk is poor source of some essential micro-minerals especially copper and iron.
9.42 MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A LABRADOR DOG
Sarita Devi, R.G. Jani and J.P. Varshney
A 2.5 yr old male Labrador dog weighing 27.9 kg was referred at Nandini Veterinary
Hospital, Surat, with the history of easy exertion for 4 weeks. The dog was maintained on
vegetarian diet. Detailed clinical examination revealed, normal body temperature (101.8 0 F),
tachypnoea, hypertension (blood pressure: 185/89 mm of Hg), and after exertion arrhythmia on
auscultation of heart. Initial electrocardiogram revealed atrial fibrillation (AF), arrhythmia,
ventricular heart rate 90 beats/min (bpm), r wave amplitude 0.7mV and intermittent ST segment
elevation. Radiographs of the chest revealed an increased and changed heart silhouette
touching sternum (heart from 4.5 rib space). Based on history, clinical manifestations,
electrocardiographic and radiographic investigations, diagnosis in this case was arrived at
cardiomyopathy and managed successfully with digoxin, enalapril and lasix. Also strict cage rest
and salt restriction in diet was advised. Improvement in condition was noticed with reduction in
easy exertion and treatment was recommended for lifelong with regular checkups.
9.43 STUDY ON MORTALITY IN ADULT SURTI BUFFALOES
Dr. N.A. Patil and Dr. Vivek Kasaralikar
Dept. of Medicine,
Veterinary College, P.B. No. 6, Bidar – 585 401
Karnataka State
Mortality in adult Surti buffaloes was studied. The buffaloes in the present study were
selected from AICRP on Buffaloes, Dharwad, Karnataka for the period 1971-1992. Mortality rate
was highest in the buffaloes of 8th lactation (15.79%) followed by buffaloes in 6th lactation
(14.71%) and 5th lactation (11.71%). The least mortality rate was recorded during 2nd lactation
(3.72%).
Out of 15.79 % mortality recorded during 8th lactation pneumonia and other respiratory
disorders accounted for highest percentage of deaths when compared to other causes.
9.44 CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DAMAGE DUE TO PHYSICAL INJURY IN A GOAT
Mahendran, K., Ranjithkumar, M., Kamili, N. M. and Dey, S.
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar- 243122
A year old cross-bred buck was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, IVRI with
the history of the animal being unable to stand and walk, grinding teeth, having head tilt,
depression and anorexia for the past 3 days. The animal had the history of being repeatedly
butted in the forehead by another buck. On clinical examination, the animal had head-tilt,
tremors, positional nystagmus which was vertical in nature, pain in cervical region, tetraparesis,
grinding of teeth and ruminal atony. There was no proprioceptive deficit. No bony lesion was
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found on radiographic examination of skull and cervical region. The animal was treated with
meclozine @ 25 mg TD/day along with supportive therapy. Prognosis was given to the owner.
9.45 SEROPREVALENCE OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN KERALA - A PRELIMINARY
STUDY
Deepa.P.M.and Bipin. K.C.
A study on seroprevalence of bovine tuberculosis was undertaken in different
panchayats of Wayanad District in Kerala state. A total of 100 cows were selected for the
study. Epidemiological data were also collected.
The overall Seroprevalence for bovine
tuberculosis
was 42 percentage by using lateral flow kit supplied by Ubio biotech, Kochi.
Targeted monitoring of infected animal populations and concerted veterinary/medical efforts are
essential for control.
9.46 CANINE FLEA ALLERGY DERMATITIS- A SURVEY
A.Abiramy, P.T.Ramesh, K.Rajkumar, K.Sripad, H.A.Upendra and C. Ansar Kamran
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary college Hebbal,KVAFSU,Bangalore 560 024
A retrospective survey was carried out to survey canine flea allergy dermatitis at
Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore from January 2010 to December 2010.Out of 8346 fresh
canine cases presented, 153 cases were diagnosed for flea allergy dermatitis based on the
presence of fleas over the body which was morphologically identified as Ctenocephalides felis
and the classical clinical signs like severe pruritis especially at the lumbosacral region and tail,
alopecia, hyperpigmentation and lichenification. The survey was made based for age, sex and
breed predilection. Age groups affected were from on e month to 8 years. Out of which 2-5
years(31.37%) age group were commonly affected. There was no sex predilection ,males were
58.16% and females were 42.4%. Breeds affected were Mongrels (35.94%), Spitz (24.18%),
Labrador(15.03%),GSD(9.15%),Pug(4.57%), Dalmation(1.3%) and Great Dane,Terrier , Cocker
spaniel, French bull dog and Dachshund each 0.65% respectively. The dogs were treated with
fipronil spot on , flumethrin pour-on , permethrin soaps /shampoos and puppies with carbaryl
dusting powder and all animals showed uneventful recovery with single treatment.
9.47 EPILEPTIC SEIZURES – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
K.Rajkumar, P.T.Ramesh, K.Sripad, A.Abiramy and C. Ansar Kamran
Veterinary College Bangalore, KVAFSU, Bangalore 560 024
An Epileptic seizures is the clinical manifestation of excessive and or hypersynchronous
abnormal neuronal activity in cerebral cortex. Epileptic seizures were recorded in 35 cases of
canine for the period from January 2010 to December 2010, at Veterinary college Hospital,
Bangalore. The overall incidence of the condition was less than 1 % . The animals were grouped
according to age and sex. There is no statistical significance of age and sex in relation to the
occurrence of the condition. The incidence of the disease was higher in non descriptive breed
(37%), followed by Labrador (22%) and Pomeranian (17%). The common clinical manifestations
were tonic and clonic convulsion lasting fro few seconds to minutes, vomition and salivation. The
animals were treated with Phenobarbital sodium and diazepam injection depending upon the
condition.
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9.48 ASCITES – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
K. Sripad, P.T.Rames, K.Rajkumar, A.Abiramy and H.A.Upendra
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College, Bangalore,
KVAFSU.
A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical cases presented to the veterinary
college hospital. Bangalore, for a period of one year from 1/1/2010 to 31/12/2010. In all 16,629
cases were presented during the period of study, of which 43 cases, which were diagnosed as
Ascites were taken up for the present study. Dogs were grouped according to the age, sex and
breed. Clinical signs noticed generally included distention of abdomen, anorexia and
occasionally difficulty in micturition and defecation. Laboratory investigations were carried out for
the estimation of Alanine transaminases (ALT), Creatinine(CRT), Total leukocyte count(TLC) and
Hemoglobin(Hb). The mean and standard error of the parameters were 51.12+5.16 (Iu/L),
2.06+0.32(mg/dl), 20.5X103+ 2.45 (No/cmm) and 9.13+0.56 (g/dl) respectively. The results were
compared between the age, sex and breed. Out of 43 cases, 35 cases showed elevation of ALT
which might be a possible indicator of hepatic dysfunction as a cause of Ascites. Prevalence was
more among Pomeranian followed by Labrador, German Shepherd, Boxer and nondescript
breeds of dogs.
9.49 PREVALENCE OF BOVINE PARAMPHISTOMOSIS IN JAMMU DISTRICT
Rajesh Kumar Kalha and Rajesh Agarwal
Division of VEP, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-J
RS Pura, Jammu
The present study was carried out during the year 2007-08 in 8 blocks of Jammu district
to know the prevalence and epidemiological pattern of the diseases. A total of 3252 faecal
samples were screened for this study. Overall prevalence of paramphistomosis in Jammu district
was 32.3% with non significantly higher prevalence in buffaloes (33.8%) as compare to cattle
(30.8%). The prevalence was highest in RS pura (36.3%) block than Dansal (25%) block. More
females (33.5%) were found positive than males (22.7%). Bovine of age group 1-3 years (44.7%)
were found to be the most affected group followed by more than 3 years (37.2%) and least in
less than 1 years (12.1%) of age group. The infection was recorded maximum during Monsoon
(39.3%) and lowest during summer (25.7%).
9.50 STUDIES ON UDDER HEALTH AND BULK TANK MILK QUALITY AT MACHINE
MILKED DAIRY COW HERDS
A.Q. Mir, B.K. Bansal, D.K. Gupta and S.S. Randhawa
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence
Dean (PGS) and Director of Research
GADVASU, Ludhiana
A study on 872 quarters from 218 lactating cows at 10 machine milked dairy farms
revealed prevalence of specific subclinical mastitis as 30.73% on quarter basis. Farm wise
occurrence varied from 14 to 42%; it being lowest at a farm (14.29%) where regular cleaning of
milking machine, keeping of milking machine variables at standard recommended values and
good hygienic measures were undertaken. Staphylococci (41.0%) followed by corynebacteria
(31.00%), streptococci (21.0%) and E. coli and others (7.00%) were found as chief etiological
agents of mastitis. The occurrence of udder and teat lesions was observed as 23% with warts
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(6.01%), dryness (5.54%), vesicles/papules (2.83%), leaky teats (2.59%), eversions (2.36%),
nodules/hard tip (1.30%), wound/lacerations (1.30%) and scabs (0.70%). Evaluation of bulk tank
milk quality at farms under study revealed milk somatic cell count (SCC) in the range of 1.5×10 51.2×106 cells/ml while total bacterial count (TBC) varied from 2×105 to 3.0×107 cfu/ml. The farms
with lower prevalence of subclinical mastitis were having lower bulk tank milk SCC. A correlation
of r= 0.79 was observed between the bulk tank milk SCC and the prevalence of mastitis. A
correlation (r=0.61) was seen between TBC and the prevalence of mastitis. Similarly, a
correlation between TBC and SCC was 0.57 probably due to the fact that TBC was also
influenced by those pathogens which were present as latent infection and which do not initiate
any reaction.
9.51 SUCCESSFUL THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF NEUTROPHILIC COLITIS IN A DOG
K.K.Ponnuswamy, R.Ramprabhu, G.Senthilkumar, K.Krishnakumar, M.Subramanian and
S.Prathaban
Department of Clinics
Namakkal – 637001
TAMILNADU
A female, black, Labrador dog aged 18 years and weighing 14.6 kg was referred to
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the
history of tenesmus, hematochezia, dyschezia about 30 times a day. On clinical examination all
vital signs were well with in the normal range except mild pain on rectal examination. Faecal
examination, haematology and serum biochemistry were inconclusive. Colonoscopy revealed
mucosal irregularity, increased mucosal friability and narrowing of colonic lumen. Colonoscopy
guided mucosal biopsy studies revealed neutrophilic colitis. The dog was treated medically and
the dog recovered well after six weeks and the recovery was complete.
The history, clinical symtomatology, colonoscopic findings, biopsy studies before and
after therapy and medical outcome of the case will be presented and critically discussed.
9.52 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CARBAMATE POISONING IN DOGS
S.Prathaban
Namakkal – 637001
TAMILNADU
Four cases which were referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary College and
Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of acute onset of vomiting, diarrhoea and
shivering. On clinical examination all vital signs were well with in the normal range except severe
ptyalism, mydriasis and muscular tremors. The cases were diagnosed as malicious poisoning
caused by carbamates.
The anamnesis, clinical findings, medical management and clinical outcome of
carbamate poisoning in these dogs will be presented and critically discussed.
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9.53 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE ENVENOMATION IN DOGS
S.Prathaban
Namakkal – 637001
TAMILNADU
Three cases of snake envenomation caused by D. russelli were referred to Veterinary
Teaching Hospital, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of acute
onset of dullness and facial swelling. On clinical examination all vital signs were well with in the
normal range. Haematological examination showed a mild prolongation of clotting time. Serum
biochemistry and urinalysis was within the normal range.
The anamnesis, clinical findings, medical management and clinical outcome of snake
envenomation caused by D. russelli in these dogs will be presented and critically discussed.
9.54 COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC PROTOCOLS FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF BLOAT IN CATTLE
A.Muhee, N. A. Tufani, M. Shaheen, H. U. Malik and R. Zaman
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Kashmir,
Srinagar, India-190006
A total of 36 animals were selected on the basis of complete clinical examination and
various rumen function tests. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 12 animals each. The
animals in group I were administered Tympol Powder orally @ 100 gm with lukewarm water
orally followed by 50 gm bid orally for 2 days. The animals in group II were administered Liquid
Bloatosil intra-ruminally through left paralumbar fossa @ 100 ml followed by orally for 2 days and
supported by Inj. Dicrysticin-S (2.5 g) and Inj. Avil 10ml I/M for 3 days. The animals in group III
received Liquid Tyrel @ 100 ml orally stat followed by 50 ml bid for 2 days. On day 1 post
treatment recovery rates of 41.67%, 75% and 41.67% were observed in group I, II and III
respectively. However the animals in group II showed 83.33% recovery rate as compared to
66.67% and 58.33% in groups I and III respectively on day 3 post treatment. Out of these three
regimens, Liquid Bloatosil (intraruminally and orally) supported by Inj. Dicrysticin-S and Inj. Avil
(I/M) for 3 days were found highly efficacious in treating the cases of bloat in cattle and is
recommended for field use.
9.55 A REVIEW OF NEW CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS AGAINST CANINE DISTEMPER
Dipika Kadaba
Canine Distemper is one of the biggest infectious threats to dogs in India. Despite
adequate vaccinations being available, a large population of susceptible stray animals remains
as a source of infection for urban companion dogs. The mortality rates for Canine Distemper
ranges from 50% in developing countries, to more than 98% in Mumbai. The antiviral drug
Ribavirin has long been purported to be effective against Canine Distemper, however a large
scale study has not been carried out and its efficacy is yet to be proven. The established use of
Ribavirin in canines has been restricted to the treatment of viral respiratory infections in
Aerosolized form. The in vitro efficacy of Ribavirin against Canine Distemper has been
conclusively reported, however the results from in vivo studies have varied from a total absence
of therapeutic value to a marked increase in survivability in patients exhibiting neurological
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symptoms. As there is no established dosing regimen for Ribavirin in canines, this paper reviews
the relative success of the various regimens attempted in studies thus far.
9.56 CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY IN A DOG
– A CASE REPORT
Abdul Alim Ansari, H. Vijayakumar, K. Mahendran, U. Dimri
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122 (U.P.)
A 8 year old, male German Shepherd dog was presented to the referral veterinary
polyclinic of IVRI, with the history of vomiting, inappetance and constipation since 5 days. On
clinical examination it was found dehydrated, hind limb lameness with subnormal rectal
temperature (99.20 F) and congested mucous membrane. Blood examination revealed normal
haematology but blood biochemistry showed increased BUN (93.6 mg/dl), creatinine (3.2 mg/dl)
and SGPT (216 U/L) values. On abdominal ultrasonography it was found that bilateral
renomegaly with indistinct cortico-medullary junction suggestive of nephropathy. Liver was
enlarged with hypoechoic parenchyma. On the basis of blood biochemistry and USG findings the
case was diagnosed as having chronic renal failure along with hepatic insufficiency. The animal
was treated with warm polyionic isotonic fluids, dextrose, antibiotics, bisacodyl and liver tonic for
1 week. Animal showed clinical improvement from 3rd day. A case of CRF with hepatic
insufficiency was presented.
9.57 TREATMENT OF PAPILLOMATIOSIS OF UDDER IN CROSSBRED HOLSTEIN
FRIESIAN COWS WITH LITHIUM ANTIMONY THIOMALATE AND THUJA OINTMENT
S.T. Borikar, B. N. Ambore and D.A. Pawalkar
K.N. P. College of Veterinary Science, Shirval, Dist.Satara (Maharashtra)
Six cases of varying degrees of Papillomatosis of udder in crossbred Holstein Friesian
cows aged between 4-6 years were treated with deep intramuscular administration of 20 ml of
6% w/v of lithium antimony thiomalate on alternate days for 6 occasions along with local
application of ointment Thuja twice daily after milking for one and half months. Treatment with
lithium antimony thiomalate was repeated after one month. Supportive treatment included
washing of udder with mild potassium permanganate solution and use of Streptopenicillin
injection for prevention of secondary bacterial infection as per need. Only two cases which were
moderately affected showed response to above therapy.
9.58 PICA IN CATTLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT
A. S. Lengare, A. U. Bhikane, S. S. Ghoke, K. B. Awaz and V. V. Karande
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir, Dist: Latur (MS)
The present study was carried on 40 clinical cases of pica in cattle from Latur District of
Marathwada region at Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Udgir during June 2009 to May 2010. Out of 462 cattle screened, 40 were found
clinically positive indicating an overall incidence of 4.94%. In sex-wise incidence, males (5.91%)
were more prone to pica as compaired to female(4.29%). Adult lactating or pregnant cattle
maintained exclusively on dry roughages were found to be more affected during dry season. The
most characteristic sign observed in pica in affected cattle was the tendency of affected animals
to lick/bite/chew/eat inanimate objects such as cloth, leather, polythene, stone, soil, bone and
human faeces. Haematological parameters revealed highly significant decrease (P<0.01) in Hb,
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non significant decrease in PCV, TEC, MCV and MCHC in affected cattle as compared to
healthy one. Biochemically highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in the mean calcium,
phosphorus, total protein, sodium and significant decrease in potassium and iron was recorded.
Analysis of etiological factors associated with pica incattle revealed maximum number of cases
due to nutritional deficiency alone (57.5%) followed by nutritional deficiency plus worm load
(25%) and worm load (12.5%). The affected cattle were sucessfully treated with dewormer and
mineral mixture.
9.59 A CASE OF RECTAL PROLAPSE IN BUFFALO AND IT’S SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT
Mehere Y.S., Mane P. M. and Nimase R. G.
Taluka Veterinary Mini Polyclinic, Rahuri .Tal:-Rahuri,
Dist.:- Ahmednagar – 413412 (M. S.)
A 8 years old pluriparous non-descript Buffalo, in it’s third lactation was presented on
field, with the history of protrusion of rectal mass through the anal opening and showing a
symptoms of abdominal restlessness with frequent straining. The prolapsed mass was slightly
hemorrhagic and lacerated. The defecation and urination were normal. On clinical examination it
was revealed that their was slight increase in body temperature, respiration and heart rates.
anal opening was nothing but the rectum and was found healthy. To avoid posterior straining
buffalo was given a posterior epidural anesthesia (2 % Lignocaine 8 ml) in the 1 st inter coccygeal
space in standing position. The prolapsed buffalo was taken where hind part remains at higher
level than the fore part. The mass was lifted by two hands and urine was relived by
catheterization. The prolapsed mass was washed and cleaned with mild potassium parmenget
solution (1:1000) and then apply ice cubes on the prolapsed mass. After slight reduction of
prolapsed mass than applied Lignacaine jelly. The prolapsed mass was gently pushed inside
with full care. After reposition of prolapsed mass to prevent the recurrence of prolapse the anal
opening were sutured by purse string suture. The suture is passed in and out through the skin
around the anal opening at a distance of 2 to 4 cm from the anus. An opening should be left
when tying the purse string such that defecation is possible. The medicinal treatment included
inj. Mifex @ 450 ml, i/v and inj. Duvadilan (Isoxsuprine 5 mg/ml) @ 0.5 mg/kg, i/m to avoid
straining and supportive therapy as routinely carried out for 5 days. Localy antiseptic and fly
repellents were applied on the suture line and repeated for a week. The sutures applied around
the anal opening were removed on 7th post operative day and the animal had uneventfully
recovered. Further, no recurrence of the condition was reported. The animal was exhibiting
normal defecation afterwards. The present report records a case of Rectal prolapse in She
buffalo and it’s successful management.
9.60 PICA IN BUFFALOES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT
A.S. Lengare, A. U. Bhikane, S. S. Ghoke, K. B. Awaz and V.V. Karande
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir, Dist: Latur (MS)
The present study was carried on 17 clinical cases of pica in buffaloes from Latur District
of Marathwada region at Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Udgir during June 2009 to May 2010. Out of 462 buffaloes screened, 17 were found
clinically positive indicating an overall incidence of 3.68%. Adult lactating or pregnant buffaloes
maintained exclusively on dry roughages were found to be more affected during dry season. The
most characteristic sign observed in pica in affected buffalo was the tendency of affected animals
to lick/bite/chew/eat inanimate objects such as cloth, leather, polythene, stone, soil, bone and
human faeces. Haematological parameters revealed highly significant decrease (P<0.01) in Hb,
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PCV, significant decrease in TEC and non significant decrease in MCV, MCH and MCHC in
affected buffaloes as compared to healthy one. Biochemically highly significant (P<0.01)
decrease in the mean calcium, phosphorus, potassium, total protein, iron, sodium and chloride
was recorded. Analysis of etiological factors associated with pica in buffalo revealed maximum
number of cases due to nutritional deficiency alone (70.59%) followed by worm load (17.65%)
and nutritional deficiency plus worm load (5.88%). The affected buffaloes were sucessfully
treated with dewormer and mineral mixture.
9.61 HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN NATURALLY OCCURRING CASES OF
BLOOD PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS IN DOGS
Dixit Pooja, Varshney J. P., Dixit A. K. and Shukla P. C.
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.)
A total of 148 dogs suspected for blood protozoan infections (on the basis of clinical signs
and PUO) were thoroughly investigated at Referral Veterinary Polyclinic of IVRI. 51 dogs
(infected group) were found to be infected with various blood protozoan parasites. Of these 16
were found positive for Babesia gibsoni infections, 21 for mixed infection (B. gibsoni and
Ehrlichia canis), 3 for E. canis and one for Trypanosoma evansi infection, on the basis of blood
smear examination. Clinical signs of these cases were vague and varied from pyrexia, anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, pale mucous membranes, oedema, melena, icterus, diarrohea/constipation to
depression. Haematobiochemical parameters of these dogs were compared with healthy animals
(n=6) brought for vaccination and health chekup. Haemoglobin, PCV, albumin and globulin were
significantly lower in infected group while ALT and SAP were found significantly higher. Serum
urea and creatinine were nonsignificantly higher in infected group while total and direct bilirubin
were found significantly higher in infected group. Clotting and bleeding times, total protein and
γGT did not differ significantly between the infected and non infected groups.
9.62 CUTANEOUS CANDIDIA INFECTION IN LABRADOR DOG: CASE REPORT
M.S.Rajhans., S.S.Sabale., R.V.Gaikwad., P.P. Mhase., G.K.Sawale.,
S.J.Rajhans and Kadam D.P.
Rajhans Shivaji Park Small Animal Clinic
Dadar, Mumbai.
A seven year old Labrador male dog was presented to Clinic with history of two recurrent
abscesses, one on medial side of neck (1.5-2 cm in diameter) and other on the left thoracic
region. Both the abscesses were deeply situated in the skin, oozing white to reddish colour thick
fluid. The deep tissue smears, ultrasonography and fecal examinations were advised to rule out
lymphangitis, cutaneous larva migran and fungal infections. Result of USG and cytology revealed
no lesions that could have accounted for the lymphangitis. Fecal sample was negative for
parasite. The hematology and clinical chemistry profile were normal. Tissue cytology showed
degenerated neutrophils with few lymphocytes and fungal hyphae. Histopathology revealed
granulomatous inflammation. On the basis of fungal morphology; the organism was diagnosed
as candida species. Both the abscesses were treated successfully with systemic (AmphoterecinB) and local application of antifungal drug and cream, respectively for three weeks. This is case
of Candida in which symptoms are often misdiagnosed as allergies manifesting as rashes or skin
outbreaks on the feet, face, underarm, underbelly, or genital areas.
Key word: Labrador and Candida.
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9.63 THEILERIOSIS IN A CROSSBRED COW
S. B. Swami, B. N. Ambore, D. A. Pawalkar and S. T. Borikar
KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal Dist. Satara
A 7 year old HF cross bred cattle presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex,
KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal Dist. Satara with a history of high rise in body
temperature, anorexia since last five days. Clinical observation revels rectal temp 104.2 of ,
increase in the size of pre scapular lymph node, difficulty in breathing, nasal discharge and palar
mucus membranes. Blood examination showed sever drop in Hb, PCV and blood smear was
positive for theileria organisms. The case is previously treated by local veterinarians with
injection Oxytetracycline for last four days. At TVCC the case was treated with buparavaquone
(inj. Butalex) as a single dose @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight along with haematinics, Liver tonic and
fluid therapy for four days. The complete recovery of the case observed in three days.
9.64 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE DISTEMPER IN A DOG
S. B. Swami, B. N. Ambore, D. A. Pawalkar ,S. V. Gaikwad and L. Supane
A 1 year Labrador dog presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, KNP College
of Veterinary Science, Shirwal Dist. Satara, with a history of inappetance, fever and dullness. No
vaccination record was available. Clinical observation showed yellowish ocular discharge, hard
pad, pustules on ventral aspect of abdomen and inner part of thigh. The case was treated for
Canine Distemper with inj. Chloramphenicol @ 20-25 mg/kg body weight along with fluid therapy,
B- complex and ascorbic acid injection continuously for 5 - 6 days. Dog developed nervous signs
(chorea) after fifteen days of recovery.
.
9.65 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN GOAT
S. B. Swami, B. N. Ambore, R. R. Shelar and L. Supane
A two year old Osmanabadi goat weighing 32 kg was presented to Teaching Veterinary
Clinical Complex, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal Dist. Satara with a history of
anorexia, tympany, suspended rumination and was in recumbent position. Clinical examination
revealed rapid shallow respiration, sunken eye balls, increased heart rate, normal body
temperature and stretching of legs. On percussion of rumen there was fluid splashing sound and
ruminal PH was less than 5. Goat was treated for sever Ruminal Acidosis continuously for four
days. The complete recovery observed after four days.
9.66 IMPROVING REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY HEIFERS WITH IMPROVED
FEEDING PRACTICES
T J Singh, R K Sharma and Parampal Singh
Civil Veterinary Hospital and I/c BTT-ATMA, DHURI
District Sangrur (Punjab)
A total of 100 anoestrous heifers (57 buffalo heifers and 47 cow heifers) belonging to
marginal farmers of the district were fed UMMB (Urea Molasses Multi-nutrient Block) for at least
30 days along with additional Mineral Mixture at the rate of 60 grams per animal. These inputs
165
were given free of cost under ATMA (Agricultural Technology Management Agency) Scheme.
These heifers were previously examined for the proper growth of internal genitalia. All the
animals were observed for visual heat signs twice a day at sunrise and sunset. Among all these
animals, 62 heifers (28 cow heifers and 34 buffalo heifers) showed heat signs after 18.32 ±4.83
days. Cow heifers came into heat earlier (15.61± 2.86 days) than buffalo heifers (20.56± 5.00
days). All the heifers who showed heat signs were inseminated artificially with semen of tested
bulls. The semen was procured from Government Semen Bank, Nabha (District Patiala). Out of
62 heifers which got inseminated, 47 became pregnant (26 Cow heifers and 17 buffalo heifers).
Thus, UMMB and additional mineral mixture feeding to the anoestrous heifers resulted in 62.00
per cent success rate in terms of oestrus induction and 75.80 per cent success rate in terms of
conception following first insemination.
9.67 DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN A COW - A REPORT
M.Ranjithkumar, N.M.Kamili, A.Ahmad, S.U. Nabi and S.Dey
Division of Medicine, IVRI, Izatnagar – 243 122.
A five year old, Jersey cross, pluripotent cow was brought to the Referral Veterinary
Polyclinic with the history of wound on the neck region and itching for past 15 days. On clinical
examination it had round scabs, alopecia and pityriasis. Scabs were collected for cultural
examination. The microscopic examination of hair indicates fungal infection. On sabroud’s
dextrose agar, growth of Trycophyton verrucosum were noticed. The animal was treated with
topical Iodine ointment.
9.68 ONION POISONING IN A KHILLAR COW
B. N. Ambore, S. B. Swami, M. D. Kulkarni and D. M. Khandagale
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
A six year khillar cow presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, KNP College of
Veterinary Science, Shirwal Dist. Satara with a history of accidental eating of onions. Clinical
examination revealed distended Para lumbar fossa, cyanotic mucus membranes, haematuria,
temperature was subnormal, tachycardia, ruminal atony and ruminal PH was 4.5. The
haematological examination revealed Hb 6.8 gm/dl, PCV 20%. The case was treated for sever
acidosis. The complete recovery was observed after two days of treatment.
9.69 EFFECT TRANSPORTATION STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN
OSMANABADI GOATS
B. N. Ambore, V. R. Patodkar, S. T. Borikar and R. R. Shelar
KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirval, Dist. Satara (MS).
Twelve Osmanabadi goats grouped in 2 groups comprising 6 goats in each group
irrespective of their sex, with average age of 3 years were selected for the study of effect of
transportation on physiological responses. The goats under negative control group (Group-I)
were without transportation stress. Group II as a positive control, subjected to transportation for
12 hrs over a distance of 350 Km. There was significant (P < 0.01) increase in the heart rate (105
+ 3.00 Vs 87.30+ 1.52 per minute), respiration rate (43.70 + 3.03 Vs 29.30 + 2.17 per minute)
and temperature (104.23 + 0.35 Vs 101.65 + 0.11 oF) observed after transportation as compared
to non transported goats, indicative of increase in all the physiological responses in
transportation stress.
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9.70 THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION ON BODY WEIGHT & HEMATOLOGY IN GOATS
B. N. Ambore, M. D. Kulkarni, D. A. Pawalkar, S. B. Swami and A. V. Khanvilkar
Twelve goats irrespective of their sex, with average age of 3 years were grouped in 2
groups comprising 6 goats in each group with an average body weight of 21.79 kg. The goats
under negative control group (Group-I) were kept in complete environmental ambience without
transportation stress. Group II as a positive control, subjected to normal environment and
induced transportation stress for 12 hrs over a distance of 350 Km on 10th day of experiment.
There was an average shrinkage of body weight of 5.76 per cent in transported goats over their
pre-transport weight. Haematological estimations revealed significant (P < 0.01) increase in
haematocrit values and leukocytosis with neutrophilia in transported goats.
9.71 SEROPREVALANCE, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES IN DOGS WITH LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CHENNAI DURING 2009-2010
D.Sumathi, P.Selvaraj, G.Ravikumar, M.Chandrasekar, K.Jeyaraja, A.P.Nambi,
M.Balagangatharathilagar, S.R.Srinivasan and S.Vairamuthu
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-7
Leptospirosis is one of the most common infectious diseases of dogs in Chennai. The
dogs brought to the teaching hospital with clinical signs of renal failure and or jaundice where
routinely screened for leptospirosis using Micro Agglutination Test (MAT) for leptospira serovars.
The clinical presentations with associated haemato-biochemical changes were evaluated and
discussed.
Keywords: Leptospirosis - MAT-Dogs
9.72 ABDOMINAL EFFUSIONS IN DOGS: ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES
D.Sumathi, K.Jeyaraja, P.Selvaraj, S.Prathaban, A.P.Nambi and S.Vairamuthu
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-7
Abdominal effusions are the most common entities in clinical practice. The dogs
presented to the teaching hospital with abdominal effusion were taken up for the study. Physical
Examination, Laboratory Examination and Ultrasonographic evaluations were performed on all
the selected animals. Ascitic fluid was aspirated and it’s physical, cytological and biochemical
analysis was conducted. The findings were comparatively analyzed and the etio-pathogenic
profile of abdominal effusion was evaluated.
Keywords: Abdominal Ultsasound- Ascitic fluid Examination-Dogs
9.73 RECOMMENDED ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICES FOR ORGANIC FARMING
M. D. Kulkarni, B. N. Ambore, S. T. Borikar and D. A. Pawalkar
Recommended Animal Husbandry Practices for organic farming
A.
Breeds and breeding: Indigenous and locally adopted breeds belonging to same
geographical area are preferred over exotic crossbreds. Natural service was followed as a
method of breeding over artificial insemination.
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B.
Health Care: Preventive measures were preferred to curative measures and animals
were kept under stress free conditions because stress makes animals prone to various diseases.
Locally available plants from forest were utilized as a alternative treatment as old women have
knowledge of indigenous ayurvedic plants. Allopathic routine treatment by using antibiotics was
avoided as it will cause residues in animal products. The allopathic treatment was used in cases
of emergency only.
C.
Managemental practices: Animals were kept in healthy condition by providing fresh air,
sufficient exercise by open grazing system, sufficient space for movement when animals are
indoor as per their behavioral needs and the comfort to the animals to enhance natural
immunological defense mechanism of the animals. Animals were kept under semi-intensive
loose housing system for protection from extreme cold in winter and hot in summer season.
Proper ventilated cattle houses should be provided which are located away from the human
dwellings to avoid zoonosis.
D.
Nutritional and feeding system: Most of the feed, fodder, roughages and concentrates
were prepared by using ingredients as crop residues, forest herbs and shrubs produced from
same agro-ecological and climatic region. Additions of artificial and chemical feed additives were
almost negligible. Semi intensive practice of feeding by grazing as well as stall feeding was
adopted except buffaloes. Practice of silage feeding was not adopted as the farmers were not
aware of silage making. Ad lib fresh water access was followed by free access to water in loose
housing system and water intake will depend according to seasonal variation.
9.74 ACARICIDAL AND FLY REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF SPRAY CONTAINING TOBACCO
EXTRACT (NICOTINE) AND EUCALYPTUS OIL
M. D. Meshram, M. D. Kulkarni, B. N. Ambore, S. T. Borikar and P. K. Muluk
In recent years there is a problem of heavy tick infestation in crossbreds adversely
affecting milk production. The problem can be effectively tackled by using spray containing
tobacco extract (Nicotine) and eucalyptus oil due to safe, efficacious, low chance of development
of drug resistance, cost effective treatment, easy availability and applicability being the
advantages. Significant results were obtained in treatment group when compared with control.
Average milk production in lactating animals increased to 10-12 per cent and haemoglobin level
0.5 – 1.5 g/dl, respectively.
9.75 THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
J. M. Patil, B. N. Ambore, M. D. Kulkarni and L.N. Supane
In all 6 HF crossbred cows in a farm at Sawargaon (Pat), Post Samshedpur, Tal Akole,
Dist. Ahmednagar were came across during the visit of farmers under NAIP project KNP College
of Veterinary Science, Shirval, with the history of anorexia, decreased milk yield, salivation and
decreased water intake. Clinical examination revealed rise in body temperature (104O F),
tachycardia, drooling of saliva and protrusion of tongue. Examination of mouth cavity revealed
vesicles on gum, inner surface of lip and on the tongue with erosions and vesicles containing
straw to yellowish colored fluid. The cases were tentatively diagnosed for foot and mouth
disease. Treatment was initiated with Dextrose 25%, DNS, Inj Dicrysticin 5 gm i/m, , Inj Avil 10
ml i/m, Inj Vetalgin 20ml i/m and Belamyl 10 ml i/m , Ascorbic acid 20ml i/v, TRP 2 boli bid as
supportive treatment and application of boro-glycerine on oral lesions for consecutive 3 days
gave the satisfactory results.
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9.76 SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF RUSSELL’S VIPER BITE IN A DOG
D. A. Pawalkar, M. D. Kulkarni, B. N. Ambore, S. B. Swami, P. K .Muluk, D. R. Belhekar,
M. A. Shejal and S. D. Rahane
Krantishinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirval, Dist – Satara (MS) 412 801
Envenomation in a dog with Russell’s viper having clinical symptoms dullness,
depression, dilated pupils abnormal gait, two fang marks on left lateral jaw with oozing of blood,
cold extremities, reduced pedal & pupillary reflexes, and respiratory distress is put up on record.
A snake bite case was diagnosed and treated with polyvalent anti-snake venom,
Dexamethasone, Enrofloxacin, Avil, Tetanus toxoide, Lasix, Neohepatex and Fluid therapy. The
treatment was continued for consecutive 3 days. The dog showed remarkable improvement after
4 days treatment and became alert, regained normal appetite and swelling disappeared. A rare
case of in Envenomation in a dog with Russell’s viper was treated successfully and put forth on
record for guidelines to field veterinarians.
9.77 ORGANOCHLORINE POISONING IN DOG AND ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT
P.Pothiappan, V.N.Rao, P.Thiruselvame and D.Selvi
Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Teaching Hospital Complex, Mettupalayam-9
Three Labrador dogs (two female and one male) of two year age and two Rottweiler male
dogs of age were presented to the Teaching Hospital complex with the history of watery diarrhea
and emesis after the accidental intake of endosulfan mixed water (half a liter of 35 % w/w
endosulfan mixed with 5 liters of water) on the previous day intended for agricultural use. Four
other dogs of the same owner died before reporting to the hospital, showing the symptoms of
convulsion, salivation, emesis and diarrhea. Physiological parameters of the affected animals,
rectal temperature 38.2°C-39.0°C, cmm-pink and other parameters were well within the normal
range. All the affected animals were treated with Inj.Normalsaline @ 10 ml/kg B.wt iv, liver
extract B complex 1ml im and Liquid paraffin @ 1ml/kg b.wt orally. All the five affected animals
showed uneventful recovery by the next day.
9.78 THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ORAL VERSUS INTRAVENOUS REHYDRATION AND
MEDICATIONS IN DIARRHOEA OF BUFFALO CALVES
Suryawanshi P. B. and Sarode D. B.
Livestock Development Officer, Sindewahi, Dist. Chandrapur (M.S.) and 2Dean (Lower
Education), Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur (M.S.)
Blood samples of 24 buffalo calves suffering from diarrhoea were collected at 0th (pretreatment) 3rd day and 7th day post treatment. Mean packed cell volume (PCV) values were found
significantly higher and there were hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia, hyperchloraemia, increased in
plasma total protein level and serum albumin with moderate alteration in A:G ratio and gammaglobulin concentration in buffalo calves prior the treatment. Therapeutic efficacy was studied in
four groups, each included six calves. Group I treated with OES @ 1 lit / calf, orally. Group II with
intravenous fluid therapy (5% DNS) @ 1 lit / calf, intravenously. Group III with Shisham leaves
paste @ 105 g/100 kg b. wt., orally and Group IV with Bael fruit powder @ 24 g /100 kg b. wt.,
orally for 3 days. The intravenous fluid therapy (5% DNS) was found comparatively better in
terms of faster recovery as compared to other three drugs regimens followed by Bael fruit
powder, OES and then Shisham leaves paste.
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9.79 AN OUTBREAK OF PROLIFERATIVE STOMATITIS IN BUFFALO CALVES
Charanjit Singh, Rakesh Ranjan, Neetu Saini, N.K. Sood, Naimi Chand and Kirti Dua
Department of Veterinary Pathology
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- 141 004, Punjab
An outbreak of infectious stomatitis occurred in buffalo calves of 1-2 months of age was
investigated. The course of disease extended over 2-3 weeks and morbidity was 60 percent.
There were no systemic signs of the disease. Affected calves manifested salivation and
reluctance to nurse. The lesions appeared on muzzle, nares, ventrum of tongue and gums.
Lesions on muzzle and external mares appeared as raised plaques of 1-2 cm diameter. Ventrum
of tongue showed circular papules. Lesions on gums were proliferative, with rough ulcerated
edges and high tendency to bleed. Histopathological changes were suggestive of chronic active
necrotizing inflammation. There was reactive hyperplasia of epidermal layers at several places.
On the basis of characteristic clinical signs and histopathological examination, diagnosis was
proliferative stomatitis. This is believed to a first report of proliferative stomatitis in buffalo calves.
9.80 HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BROILERS CHICKENS EXPERIMENTALLY
INFECTED WITH O78 E. COLI ORAL INFECTION
Shajhat Ahmad Qureshi, Shagufta Azmi, Nawab Nashiruddullah and Anil Taku
Division of Veterinary Pathology
FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Jammu, RS Pura-181102, Jammu
Division of Microbiology & Immunology
Haematological parameters were studied in broiler chicken experimentally inoculated
through oral route with E. coli O78. Clinically, birds showed anorexia, ruffled feather, vent soiling,
decreased activity and growth. Haematological studies revealed a significant drop in
haemoglobin concentration, MCHC values, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count,
together with marked leukocytosis and heterophilia, progressively through 3rd to 6th week postinoculation.
9.81 ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF E. COLI ISOLATED FROM BROILER CHICKENS
AFFECTED WITH DIARRHOEA IN AND AROUND JAMMU REGION
Shagufta Azmi, Shajhat Ahmad Qureshi, Showkat Ahmad Dar, Ajaz Ahmed Zargar
Division of Veterinary Pathology
FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Jammu, RS Pura-181102, Jammu
Around 643 samples were collected from broiler chicken affected with diarrhoea from
different private poultry farms in and around Jammu. Cloacal swabs were collected and
processed for microbial isolation out of which 313 (48.68%) samples were positive for E. coli.
Isolates were serotyped at National Salmonella and E. coli Center, Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh.
Most prevalent serotypes were O11, O35, O44, O85, and few serotypes were un-typable.
Antibiogram studies of the isolates showed sensitivity to Enrofloxacin >Neomycin >Amoxycillin
>Ampicillin >Doxycycine >Tetracycline in the given order.
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9.82 THE EFFECTS OF NITROSCANATE AGAINST ASCARID AND DIPYLIDIUM CANINUM
INFECTIONS IN DOGS
A.K. Srivastava; Ashish Srivastava; Saurabh Chaturvedi; Sangeeta Srivastava; and
Neeraj Sinha
Director, Physician, Surgeons, Pet Aid Center, Indiranagar, Deputy Director,
Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India.
In urban areas the spread of dogs as pets has created problems of environmental
contamination by helminth parasite eggs and larvae. In many places the human and pet
population is usually present together. Fecal deposits are the main route for the spread of
helminth infections among dogs and they can be a hazardous for human health.
Many efficient anthelmintic products are available for dogs, but effective treatment
against both classes of parasite nematodes and cestodes generally requires repeated
administrations of drugs. This requirement is often not respected by careless owners and the
infection may become subclinical and not eradicated by insufficient treatment. Recently a new
anthelmintic compound, nitroscanate (4 - (4'- nitrophenoxy) phenyl isothiocyanate), given as a
single dose of 50 mg/kg has proved to be very effective against nematodes (Toxocara canis,
Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala) and cestodes (Taenia
pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena, Dipylidium caninum) in dogs.
In this study, nitroscanate [Lopatol tablets, Ciba Geigy (Novartis)] was tested for its
efficacy against Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, and Dipylidium caninum in naturally
acquired dogs.
Dogs which had mixed infections of cestodes and nematodes divided into two groups as
treatment (10 dogs) and control (5 dogs). Dogs in the treatment group were treated orally with a
single dose of 1 tablet/10 kg of nitroscanate (50 mg/kg). After the treatment, the fecal samples
were examined 5 times at interval of 2 days, it was recorded that nitroscanate removed
D.caninum (4 dogs) and T.leonina (7 dogs) in all of the infected dogs and seven of eight dogs
infected with T.canis.
9.83 EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ANCYLOSTOMIOSIS ON
HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
V.K. Abrol, S.K.Gupta, R.Katoch, R.K.Bhardwaj and Neelesh Sharma
Division of Vet. Clinical Medicine & Jurisprudence
F.V.Sc & A.H, SKUAST-J, R.S.Pura -181 102 Jammu
Six hookworm free Mongrel pups of both sexes having an age of 6±1 week and of
approximately similar body weight were taken for experimental study. All the pups were kept for
three weeks on the above feeding and housing conditions to establish their hookworm free
status. Hookworm free status of the pups was established by repeated faecal examination before
the start of experiment. All the pups were infected individually by 500 infective larvae each by
oral dosing with a syringe into the mouth on day zero. About five ml of blood was collected
aseptically from the cephalic or recurrent tarsal vein from each pup on day zero, 14 and 28 th day
post infection to study hematobiochemical parameters. The mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC
which were 12.62±0.30 g/dl, 39.14±1.31% and 6.09±0.19×106/cumm respectively on day zero,
decreased significantly at 1% level of significance (P<0.01) on 14th and 28th D.P.I. In the present
study maximum blood was lost between 10 to 15th D.P.I and between 23 to 27th D.P.I which was
shown by decrease in Hb, PCV and TEC . The mean values of TSP, Albumin, which were
6.44± 0.11g/dl, 3.30 ±0.15 g/dl respectively on day zero, decreased significantly at 1% level of
significance (P<0.01) on 14th and 28th D.P.I as compare to zero day value. The mean value of
A/G ratio which was 1.06± 0.08 on day zero, decreased at 5% level of significance (P< 0.05) on
14th D.P.I and then at 1% level of significance (P<0.01) on 28th D.P.I as compare to zero days
171
value. The mean value of Globulin shows a non-significant fluctuation during the course of study
from 14th to 28th D.P.I. as compare to zero day values which was 3.06±0.12g/dl.
9.84 SERUM PROTEIN PROFILE IN DIFFERENT DISEASE CONDITIONS
Mundekar, A.S.; Ingole, S.D. and Bharucha, S.V.
Department of Veterinary Physiology,
Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai – 12.
Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur.
Serum samples from 6-8 dogs were collected and analysed for protein profile viz. total
protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, creatinine and urea under different disease
conditions. The average age of the dogs with anorexic condition was 8 – 12 years, jaundice 1 – 5
years, pyometra 5 – 9 years and diarrhoea 1 – 5 years, irrespective of the breeds. The total
proteins averaged 6.63 ± 0.43g/dl, 6.48 ± 0.83 g/dl, 6.28 ± 0.55 g/dl, 5.33 ± 0.44 g/dl in anorexia,
jaundice, pyometra and diarrhoea respectively. The level of albumin averaged 3.62 ± 0.13g/dl,
3.4 ± 0.26 g/dl, 3.3 ± 0.39g/dl, 3.45 ± 0.52 /dl in anorexia, jaundice, pyometra and diarrhoea
respectively. The globulin level averaged 3.01 ± 0.46g/dl, 3.08 ± 0.88 g/dl, 2.96 ± 0.35g/dl, 1.88 ±
0.23 g/dl in anorexia, jaundice, pyometra and diarrhoea respectively. The albumin/ globulin ratio
averaged 1.5 ± 0.33, 2.1 ± 0.92, 1.34 ± 0.22, 2.21 ± 0.72 in anorexia, jaundice, pyometra and
diarrhoea respectively. The creatinine average was 0.71 ± 0.15mg/dl, 1.65 ± 0.56 mg/dl, 0.48 ±
0.04 g/dl, 0.6 ± 0.73 mg/dl in anorexia, jaundice, pyometra and diarrhoea respectively. The level
of urea averaged 30.5 ± 4.73 mg/dl, 102.03 ± 32.71 mg/dl, 26.3 ± 4.23 mg/dl, 51.6 ± 11.59
mg/dl in anorexia, jaundice, pyometra and diarrhoea respectively. From the results it can be
concluded that there was no significant change observed in total protein, albumin, globulin,
albumin/globulin ratio and creatinine in dogs suffering from anorexia, jaundice, pyometra and
diarrhoea. However a significant rise in the level of urea was observed in cases of jaundice
which may be due to a slight increase in the creatinine level above normal.
9.85 VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT IN A
POMERANIAN DOG- A CASE REPORT
Velhankar R.D., Dighe D.G., Galdhar C.N., Patil J.U., Gaikwad R.V., Hatzade R.I., Patil S., Jithin
M.V., Mahale M., Padalkar M. and Keskar D.V.
A male Pomeranian dog, aged about 10 years was presented to the hospital with the
complaint of restlessness, weakness in hind legs, partial anorexia and dullness. Dog was
examined thoroughly. Oral mucus membranes were cyanotic (sPO289 %) and cardiac
auscultation revealed severe arrhythmia with a pulse deficit.. This gave rise to a suspicion of
presence of life threatening arrhythmia. ECG was recorded that revealed unifocal paroxysmal
ventricular tachycardia and frequent unifocal VPC’s with left ventricular in origin. This was
probably the reason for weakness in hind quarter and cyanosis. Dog was weighing 10 Kg and
accordingly Lignocain @ 2 mg/Kg was infused as bolus by preparing a solution containing 2mg
lignocain/ml. ECG was simultaneously recorded during infusion. In spite of two boluses being
infused, the VPC’s (singles/pairs and triplets) were still seen on the rhythm strip. Hence dog was
advised Amiodarone orally @ 10 mg/kg BID. After 24 hours of oral administration of Amiodarone,
ECG revealed more number of sinus complexes to VPC’s increased while after 36 hours; VPC’s
totally disappeared from the rhythm strip. This was also reflected in the form of clinical
improvement in the dog. Dog became energetic, started barking and was more playful. Dog is
called for reexamination after ten days and advised to continue Amiodarone with the same dose
till then.
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9.86 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A DOG – A
CASE REPORT
Velhankar, RD; Dighe,DG; Galdhar,CN; Patil,JU; Gaikwad,RV and Keskar,DV.
A male Cocker spaniel, aged about 6 years was presented to the Hospital with the
complaint of breathlessness, dyspnea, open mouth breathing, weakness and exercise
intolerance. The dog was clinically examined and found to have congestion of lungs, increased
area of auscultation and mitral regurgitation (III/VI) with SpO2 93 %. The provisional diagnosis
was DCM. Dog was advised chest Xray and ECG. Radiograph showed severe cardiomegaly
(VHS- 14.0) while ECG showed severe left atrial and ventricular enlargement. Dog was referred
for echocardiography to determine left ventricular systolic indices. The M mode examination
revealed Ejection fraction at 34.38 % , Fractional shortening 12.80 % , Velocity of Circumferential
shortening 0.611 circles/sec . Left ventricular sphericity index 1.05 and End systolic volume index
(ESIV) was 58.35 ml/m2. PEP and LVET values were 89 ms and 211 ms respectively. Doppler
and Spectral Doppler studies indicated high velocity pulmonary blood flow (> 2.3 m/sec) with
significant systolic regurgitation. Altered E/A ratio (0.73) of tricuspid indicate right ventricular
diastolic dysfunction. Blood picture revealed mild leukocytosis, hypoalbuminamia and elevated
SAP levels. Serum electrolytes, creatinine and BUN were within normal limit. Total Serum
Carnitine was 14.3 µmol/L while serum taurine was at 52 nmol/L. It was a clear case of DCM
with compromised cardiac function. Dog was treated with Lanoxin, furosemide and
spironolactone, ACEI and l carnitine supplementation. Dog is showing gradual improvement in
chest congestion, breathing pattern and more active as compared to before treatment.
9.87 SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISORDER (JAUNDICE/HEPATITIS)
IN PERSIAN CAT
Talekar S.H., Gaikwad R.V., Raut S.S., Yadav G.U and Mali H.V
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai.
Two year old Persian cat was presented with history of severe anemia, icterus, vomition,
loss of appetite, weight loss, since one month, laying condition. The case was treated at local
veterinary clinic with DNS, B-complex, Antibiotic like Oxytetracycline, cefotaxim, ampicillin and
supportive symptomatic treatment.
On Clinical examination Cat shows subnormal temperature (99oF), weak pulse,
increased respiration, heart rate, and icteric mucus membrane, toxic jaundice, Hepatitis, gums,
teeth and the skin yellowish in colour. Cat shows nervous symptoms continuous shaking of head;
epileptic seizures. Radiological reports reveal Hepatospleenomegaly. Further laboratory
examination was carried out for CBC, KFT, and LFT. Blood report reveals Hb (7.9), PCV (26.6),
TEC (4.98) SGPT (616), SGOT (182), Total serum Protein (7.4), Total Bilirubin (16.6) and Blood
Platelets (2, 02000).
Treatment of Cat was done with Dextrose 25%, imferon, essential amino acid, antibiotics
(Ampicillin, Cloxacillin); B-complex (conciplex, neohepatic) and Supportive treatment (Gardinol,
Sorbillin, Liv-52, and Vitamin Syrup).After week treatment Decreased SGPT (295),SGOT(36)and
Total bilirubin (7.6) and Cat started eating skin yellowishness goes after 20 days. Advised
Supportive therapy except gardinol and give as possible as carbohydrate diet.
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9.88 C.T.SCANNING, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT OF
LYMPHOSARCOMA (LYMPHOMA) IN DOG
Choudhari P.R., Talekar S.H., Gaikwad R.V., Raut S.S., Mali H.V. and Yadav G.U.
Seven year old dog was presented with history of recurrent high fever (oF), sudden
weight loss, loss of appetite increased thirst and urination. Submandibular, Prescapular, Popliteal
lymph nodes were swollen. The case was treated since last six months with DNS,
inj.Oxytetracycline 20mg/kg, oral doxycycline@5mg/kg and prednisolone @1-2 mg/kg body
weight and supportive symptomatic treatment. Dog was responded to the treatment well but
symptoms recurrence immediately after stop of medicine. On clinical examination dog showed
high temperature (105oF), increased respiration rate, Painless enlargement of Submandibular,
Prescapular, Popliteal swollen lymph nodes. Further laboratory examination was carried out for
CBC, KFT and LFT which revealed neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and LFT and KFT values was
within normal limit. Biopsy for histopathology was done under General Anesthesia completely
removed inflamed popliteal lymph node. For Advanced diagnosis done whole body C.T.Scanning
for involvement of other lymph nodes and malignancy if any. Details of confirmed histopathology
and chemotherapy treatment will be discussed.
9.89 RARE CASE OF SHARP METALLIC FOREIGN BODY IN LIVER LABRADOR
RETRIEVER
Talekar S.H., Gaikwad R.V., Raut S.S., Mali H.V. and Yadav G.U.
Seven year old black color Labrador retriever dog was presented with history of
distended abdomen (Ascites) symptoms, greenish black colour stool, loss of appetite and
vomition. The case was treated with Dextrose25%, Asthymin, fructodase, lasix, ondesentron,
Antibiotics, B-complex and supportive treatment. Blood check five times for CBC ,KFT, and LFT
revealed HB (10.7, 10.8, 12.7, 10.7 & 14.1 g/dl), WBC (15,400, 13,200, 14,200, 10,200 &
18000/c.mm), Platelet count (1,61,000, 2,39,000, 78,000, 8,73,000 & 1,37,000/cmm), SGPT
(293, 226, 88.6, 99.98 & 101.87U/L) Serum Creatinine (1.18, 1.16, 4.03, 3.41 & 5.01 mg/dl).
Dog was responded treatment earlier but after one month all symptoms with severe
vomition recorded. On clinical examination dog shows distended abdomen, normal body
temperature (101oF), vomition, Trachycardia, increased respiration, congested mucus
membrane.
For advanced diagnosis X-ray reveals long sharp metallic needle foreign body seen at
liver region. Ultrasound sonography revealed left kidney is normal, Right kidney shows hydroneprosis,liver and spleen echoginity is same hence liver is not normal. Endoscopic examination
revealed no presence of gastric foreign body in stomach and esophagus. Gastric mucosa is
slightly hyperemic.
Dog was operated for explorarotory laparotomy under general anesthesia. Removed
sharp foreign body from liver parenchyma. Post operative and supportive treatment will be
discussed.
9.90 SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN A 9 YRS. OLD LHASA
APSO DOG
Khandekar G.S., Gaikwad R.V., Bendale K.R. and Galdhar C.N.
Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel-Mumbai-12
A 9 yrs. old male Lhasa apso dog was presented to Out Patient Department of Mumbai
Veterinary College, Parel with the history of high fever (106 0F) and ticks on body.
174
Hematobiochemical parameters were within normal range. After 1 day dog showed anorexia and
continuous vomition. Hematobiochemical and urine tests were performed immediately.
Haematological tests revealed decrease in platelet count and Biochemical tests revealed
increase in creatinine (11.7 mg/dl) and Blood urea nitrogen (120 mg/dl). Urine tests showed high
specific gravity (1.035) and slight proteinurea (++). Dog was kept on dextrose normal saline and
other supportive treatment such as proton pump inhibitor (pantaprazole), antacids and
prednisalone (in tapering doses) and frusemide twice a day. Dog recovered completely after 12
days with normal creatinine (1.5 mg/dl), blood urea nitrogen (17 mg/dl) and good appetite without
any adverse clinical signs.
9.91 LEPTOSPIROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN A DOG AND ITS
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
D. Selvi, V.N. Rao, P. Thiruselvame and R. M. Pillai
Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mettupalayam, Pondicherry- 605009.
A nine year old male Labrador retriever was presented to the Small animal Medicine ward
of TVCC of Rajiv Gandhi college of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, with the history of anorexia
for the past 4 days and symptoms of dehydration, hemoglobinuria, hematemesis and rectal
temperature of 37.6oC. Whole blood, serum and urine samples were collected for hemogram,
serum biochemistry (BUN and Creatinine) and for the isolation and identification of leptospires
respectively. Total Leucocyte count was found to be 22,100 cells/c.mm, Hb 9.8 g %. BUN 221.8
mg% and creatinine 7.6 mg%. The urine sample was found positive for leptospires by Dark field
microscopy and cultural examination also and the case was diagnosed as Leptospirosis. The
dog was treated with standard doses of inj. Benzyl pencillin along with supportive therapy. After
two weeks of treatment, animal recovered uneventfully.
9.92 MANAGEMENT OF JAUNDICE AND SUBSEQUENT RENAL FAILURE IN A LABRADOR
DOG
Hatzade R.I., Patil S.B., Jithin M.V., Padalkar M.A., Mahale M.P., Velhankar R.D., Dighe D.G.,
Gaikwad R.V., Patil J.U., Galdhar C.N. and Keskar D.V.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Bombay Veterinary College
Parel, Mumbai-400 012
A two year old male Labrador dog was presented to the affiliated medical ward of
BSDPHA with a history of vomition, anorexia since two days. Clinical examination revealed
anaemia and icteric mucous membrane. Blood sample was collected serially and analysed for
complete blood count, liver function test and kidney function test. Blood reports revealed low Hb
(9.2 gm%). Serum bilirubin levels were too high. Kidney Function test revealed increased levels
of serum Creatinine and BUN. The dog was then subjected to fluid therapy with 10% Fructodex,
5% Dextrose and 0.9% Normal saline. A third generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime) was
administered to control bacterial infection. Supportive treatment included injections like
Neohepatex (BE) (liver extract) and B-Complex and Vitneurine (Glaxo). Ascorbic acid and CaSandoz were also a part of the therapy. Lasix was given to induce diuresis. The dog responded
well to the treatment. Creatinine value returned to the normal and dog restored his normal
appetite. The dog then was shifted to oral medication and discharged from the hospital.
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9.93 SUCCESSFUL CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF EHRLICHIOSIS IN A DOG WITH
NANOPARICULATE DOXYCYCLINE
Padalkar M.A, Mahale M.P, Jithin M.V, Patil S.B, Hatzade R.I, Velhankar R.D, Dighe D.G,
Gaikwad R.V, Galdhar C.N. and Keskar D.V.
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Preventive Medicine,
Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-12.
A male German Shepherd dog, aged 4 years was admitted to the affiliated BSDPHA with
the complaint of anorexia, bilateral epistaxis, vomition and melena. Rectal temperature was
104ᴼF. On clinical examination the dog was anemic, severely dehydrated (+++) and was lying
prostrate. The palpable lymph nodes were normal. On abdominal palpation there was hepatospleenomegaly which was confirmed radiographically. The clotting time was increased upto 9
minutes and autoagglutination test was positive (+). It was suspected for Ehrlichiosis. Complete
blood analysis, serum biochemistry and DOT ELISA for Ehrlichia canis was done. The Hb was
very low, TEC was reduced, there was marked thrombocytopenia and liver function tests values
were increased along with hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. The DOT ELISA test
showed high positive titre for E.canis (1:320-1280). Supportive treatment consisting of 10%
Fructodex, Meloxicam @0.4 mg/kg, Prednisolone @ 1mg/kg i.m, Ranitidine @ 0.5mg/kg i.m,
Inj.Vitneurine 1.5ml i.v. was administered. Specific treatment was with Nanoparticulate
Doxycycline @ 1mg/kg diluted in 500mL NS as slow i.v drip OD for 5 days. The same supportive
treatment was continued along with protein sterile and haematinics. Three days after the
treatment the dog started showing signs of clinical improvement. He started eating food, passed
normal urine and stools and was clinically alert. After 5 days he was discharged and maintained
on oral Doxycycline tablets 100mg BID for 14 days and the dose of Prednisolone was tapered
down gradually over 21 days. Antacids, multivitamins and liver tonics were continued for 15
days. Two whole eggs along with chicken soup were added to his daily diet. The dog showed
complete recovery on follow up.
9.94 A REVIEW ON SNAIL CONTROL
Dr.D.L.Bijwal
Professor & Head
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
Nagpur Veterinary College, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, M.S. 440006
Snails are responsible for transmission of various diseases of man, animals and plants. It
leads to severe economical losses due to morbidity and mortality. Therefore various measures
such as managemental, trap, herbal, chemical, snail pellet, natural and biological methods are
reviewed for the control of the snails.
9.95 IMMUNOSTIMULATING EFFECT OF A POLYHERBAL PREPARATION AGAINST
RANIKHET DISEASE IN VACCINATED BROILER CHICKS
A.Singha, L.Sharma, S.Biswas, C.Guha and A.Chakrabarti
Department of Veterinary Medicine Ethics and Jurisprudence
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700037.
One hundred day old commercial broiler chicks were equally divided into two groups i.e.,
group A and group B consisting of 50 chicks in each group. Both the groups of chicks were
provided with balanced feed and water ad lib and housed separately. All the chicks of group A
and group B were primarily vaccinated with RD Fstrain vaccine on the 4th day of age and
boostered on 25th day of age. Chicks of group A were supplemented with a polyherbal drug i.e.
176
Immuplus*(Indian Herbs) @0.325 g/50 birds/day from 4th to 32nd day and @0.750 g/50
birds/day from 33rd to 45th day of life in drinking water. Vaccinated chicks of group B were kept
as untreated control. All the birds were challenged with velogenic strain of RD virus(local
isolates) on 46th day of life and observed for the next 21 days for any mortality and
abnormalities.
Serum antibody titre along with heamatobiochemical parameters i.e. TLC, DLC, total
serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin- globulin ratio were determined in
both the groups on days 3rd, 13th, 23rd, 33rd, 43rd and 63rd.From this experiment it was found
that birds of group A showed higher level of protective antibody titre in comparison to the birds
of group B.
9.96 SUCCESSFUL CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CYSTITIS IN A LABRADOR DOG
Mahale M P, Padalkar M A, Jithin M V, Hatzade R I, Patil S B, Dighe D G, Velhankar R D,
Galdhar C N, Keskar D V
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Preventive Medicine,
Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-12.
A 3 year old male Labrador was admitted to the affiliated BSDPHA with a history of
haematuria, melena and vomition, since 4 days & anorexia since 10 days. On clinical
examination the temp. was 102.80F, dehydration (++). Clotting time was normal with no evidence
of auto agglutination/ haemolysis. Abdominal palpation revealed thickened urinary bladder. Urine
was turbid with blood at the end of the stream. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of abdomen
with pneumocystography did not reveal any cystic or renal calculi but thickening of the bladder
wall was confirmed. No neoplastic growths were seen. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria (++++),
high specific gravity, pus cells >100 per hpf, RBCs >100 per hpf and Streptococcal infection that
was confirmed on urine culture. CBC revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis. Fluid therapy using
DNS, RL, Dextrose 25% was given along with Inj. Metronidazole, Inj. Enrofloxacin, Inj. Ascorbic
acid, inj Ranitidine, haemostats and Inj. Vitneurine. Tab. Norflox-100 DT @ 1tab BD for 7 days.
Syp Neeri and Syp. Mucaine Gel both @ 2 tsp BD for 7 days PO. Urinary bladder was flushed
with dilute Povidone iodine everyday. The dog showed improvement on the 3rd day. He was
clinically active and started passing normal urine by 5th day of treatment.
9.97 HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IN LEOPARD –A CASE STUDY
N.P.Dakshinkar, G.R.Bhojne and V.M.Dhoot
Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur.
A leopard aged about 5 years with prolonged lateral recumbency was examined.
Biochemical investigation revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and extremely low levels
of parathormone. Intravenous calcium administration improved the condition and biochemical as
well.
177

29 - Indian Society for Veterinary Medicine

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