Amazrar 1 adlis 2

Imenzayen imedra
n tudert n tmezgida
Jeff Reed
Aselmed n wadlis iqedsen
S setta taggnitin i yagrawen imecṭuḥen
IMENZAYEN
IMEDRA
AMAZRAR 1 - ADLIS 2
© LearnCorp Resources, 2013
Amaɣud akk ittwaḍref. Dayen ittwagedlen ad-yeɛɛiwed yiwen i wayagi, ulamek ara-t i numériser
yiwen iwakken ara-t yexzen naɣ iwakken ara-t yebzer s yitwalen akk yellan (s l’electronique,
mécanique, photocopie, enregistrement naɣ s wayen nniḍen) ayen akw yellan deg wadlis-agi,
anagar ma yella d abder-kan ara t-id bedren di labɛeḍ umagrad unadi, war ma yefka-yawen
turagt LearnCorp Resources.
Tarẓigt-agi n tamaziɣt yeffeɣ-ed s yiwen ugatu yellan d BILD International,
2400 Oakwood Road, Ames, IA 50014-8417.
http://bild.org
Tarẓigt i d-yefɣen s tneglizit d ayla n LearnCorp Resources fkanas isem n
Belonging to a Family of Families, (1.1) s ɣur Jeff Reed, © LearnCorp
Resources, 1997.
LearnCorp Resources i sekfiwel i wufares d wayen ilaqen i s’ara yeɛɛiwen
timezgidatin, imawlan, d iɣerbazen n tmasiḥit akk d yergazen d tulawin
iqedcen deg ineɣlafen-nsen.
Angawi yagi yella-d akken ara i seɣred di tuggmin n BILD International i
twaxedmen I wusileɣ inebdaden n tmezgidatin.
Assuɣel n : Dda Yidir
Assuɣel-agi s tamaziɣt yeffeɣ-ed s ɣur : CNA
i deg i yella daɣen yid-neɣ CNA
http://cna-sat.org
Tudlift – Tanila akk tmeḍrant s ɣur : Bill Thielker
Issimal n tira iqedsen dayen i d-ittwajebden si tin n usuɣel n win izerɛen.
DDK Version 1.1 – May 2013
2
Afser
Tazwart: Yiwen n umezruy yedren …………………………………… 4
Tazwart: Illi d ayla n twacult n twaculin ……………………………. 6
Talkensit: Imenzayen imedra ………………………………………… 8
TAGGNITT 1
Taceqquft iǧehden n uɣawas n Yasuɛ, Timezgida …………..…….. 16
TAGGNITT 2
Timezgida am twacult n twaculin …………...………………………… 25
TAGGNITT 3
Tudert di tlemmast n twacult n teflest ……………………………….. 34
TAGGNITT 4
Idir di tlemmast n twacult n twaculin ……………………………….. 46
TAGGNITT 5
Sbedd di tudert ayen yezwaren .………………………………………… 56
TAGGNITT 6
Aɛiwed n wamsel i tudert-nneɣ ……………………………………….. 66
Umuɣ n iwtayen aked tmedṛanin araɣ yilin am tsura n tira ….. 71
Iwakken ara tkemlem assileɣ-nwen …………………………………... 74
Tirawin n Tagara ………………………………………..……………….. 75
afsar=sommaire, talkensit=collection, uɣawas=plan, umuɣ=liste, iwtayen=termes,
timedṛanin=concept, taggnitt=volet, asileɣ=formation, tirawin=notes
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Tazwart : Yiwen n umezruy yedren
Amazrar-agi n yidlisen d ayen i d-yefrurin si ccɣul n wid ifelsen
yerna kfiwlen. Amazrar-agi d ayen i d-ilulen di tlemmast n yiwen
unaɣlaf yettaken ifadden i tmezgidatin i d-ittlalen, yerna d ayen i
neḍfer ataya tura 25 iseggasen. Taneflit-is d ayen yellan d yiwen
umezruy yettwadren, ẓḍant yergazen tulawin imekdiyen, iqedcen
ɣef Adunay Yasuɛ. Tkenniden ɣef imenzayen-agi imedra, dayen
ddren di tlemmast n twaculin-nsen aked tmezgidatin-nsen,
sbanayent-id s umedya n wamek llan nutni.
Bɣiɣ si tazwara ad-iniɣ tanmirt i wid iyi-qerben. Tanmirt i
Nancy, tameṭṭut-iw: tesselmed-iyi akken ilaq anamek n takdit n
ṣṣeḥ. Tanmirt i tarbaɛt i xedmen deg waḍris n tneglizit, ikfel-ed si
tlata n tisutwin n tulawin – tameṭṭut-iw Nancy, terna-d Maxine
taḍeggalt-iw aked Anna Yelli – tlata tulawin yesɛan tudert yefkan
asehru i l’Inǧil. War tarbaɛt-agi ifazen, tili amazrar-agi ittwaɣum,
yerna yeččuṛ d izgalen. Tanmirt daɣen i Mmi Jonathan, imahlen
war leɛḍil deg imazraren-agi yellan i yinelmaden n Aswir wis sin.
Tanmirt i George Stagg, aḍeggal-iw, imi asenfar n taẓrigt-agi d ayen
iɛeddan s ger ifassen-is. I sin yidsen bannen-d amek llan d
ilemẓiyen imekdiyen n l’Inǧil.
Yiwen wawal i s’ara iniɣ tanmirt i twacult-iw n tmezgida n
Ontario Bible Church. Timezgida-yagi lmudda n 25 iseggasen nettat
d aɛiwen si tneflit n angawi-yagi, laṣel-is d ayen yulin alami d
lawan-nni i deg llan “ikarniyen-nni izegzawen ur necbiḥ ara”. Xas
ad-ɛɛiwdeɣ mazal : takkemict-agi n imekdiyen, ifelsen, tebna
tudert-is ɣef imenzayen imedra n teflest. Ass-agi twalin Igumma i dyefɣen s waṭas si ccɣul-nsen, d ayen ibanen di tudert n warrawnsen, deg ineɣlafen-nsen anda ma llan di ddunit.
Bɣiɣ daɣen ad-iniɣ tanmirt i yemḍebṛen akk tmezgidatin yettikin
deg uẓeṭṭa-yagi n BILD International i d-yezzin akk i ddunit.
Tanmirt i kunwi isqedcen angawi-yagi yerna tefkam-d afus s takdit
deg usuteb ines. Tasuqelt n umazrar-agi deg waṭas n tutlayin atna-d
ceɣlen yid-es deg xilla n tmura di ddunit. Ad-ḥizeɣ tanmirt iman-is
i Don McReavy, yefka-iyi ifadden aṭas iwakken ara-d ssufɣeɣ
amazrar=série,
kfiwlen=engagés,
naɣlaf=ministère,
taneflit=développement,
imekdiyen=fidèles, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, ameddua=exemple,
anamek=signification, tisutwin=générations, asehru=honneur, izgalen=fautes,
imazraren=séries, niveau secondaire, asenfar n taẓrigt=projet d’édition,
angawi=matériel, igumma=fruits, ineɣlafen=ministères, usuteb=élaboration,
tasuqelt=traduction
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amazrar amezwaru, n Lsasat n teflest tamasiḥit. Atan mazal
ittkemmil ccɣul yid-i deg usuteb n usenfar-agi.
Tanmirt i Bob Goris aked Charlie Stagg, xedmeɣ yid-sen di
tlemmast n LearnCorp Resources. Am waken llan daɣen waṭas n
yemdanen yefkan afus uɛiwen deg ussihel n Bulus, aṭas iɛerran i
lekkmam-nsen akken ara-d ssufɣen amazrar-agi ɣer tafat. Tanmirt
daɣen i Bill Thielker, d aqeddac inekmalen, yerna ayen i yas-d
ittwanefken n tikciwin, iḥres iman-is iwakken ara isseqdec ayen ɣef
Yillu ines.
Ihi s yisem n wid m’ara i d-bedreɣ dagi, tawacult-iw, timezgida,
taẓallit-iw iwakken ara isseqdec Yillu amazrar-agi am yiwen
Didaché unemtuta (Chatéchisme) iwakken ara-t awi aṭas n
yemdanen ad-ǧehden di teflest ! Timezgidatin i deg-i yellan ad-ftint !
Tiwaculin-nsen ad-yeffeɣ deg-sen-t igumma ara isferḥen aṭas
tisutwin i d-iteddun !
Jeff REED, OCTOBRE 1997
assihel=voyage, aselmed n unemtuta=Didachè
contemporaine,
fti=multiplier, igumma=fruits, tisutwin=générations
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taflest=foi,
Tazwart : Illi d ayla n twacult n twaculin
A ttḥusseḍ tellid d ayla yerna tesɛiḍ azraf iwakken ara-t iliḍ,
snat n tɣewsiwin-agi d ayen isɛan azal ameqqṛan di tudert. Ma yella
ur ččuṛen-t ara amdan ad-yuɣal d ṣṣyada tassehlant i yir
ixemmimen: Aberrazu, tansuft, urrif, aked d lqella ussirem. Dayen
illan d uɣdim ad-nini belli ma xuṣṣen-t snat n tɣewsiwin-agi degneɣ ula d tudert s timad-is a ttili mgal-nneɣ. D acu i yaɣ-d ittbinen
ass-a di ddunit ?, snat n tɣewsiwin-agi yellan d imedra atan am
akken ma ruḥen-t negren-t deg idles utrim. Atan ilemẓiyen n lǧilagi, gman-d uɣalen d irgazen, maca ttbinen-d am akken ma iɛreqasen wabrid ur ssinen ara maḍi ansa i d-kkan.
Ansa i d-yekka ufray-agi n wayla ? Tin n ṣṣeḥ irres ɣef
tamedṛant n twacult. S tidet, ayagi d ayen i d-yettbinen aṭas, di
lekmala ines, deg amnaḍ n tudert usdukkel. M’ara iwali yella d ayla
n twacult yesɛan amur-is di twacult-nni meqqṛen wessiɛen, ataya
anda i d-yettbin akter wazal n wayla. Maca ayagi iman-is ddrus:
Ilaq ad-yili yiwen d ayla n twacult yellan teddukel, yezṛan d acu
llan. Adunay Illu ismentel di yal yiwen deg-neɣ axemmem belli ur
nelli ara di ddunit-agi war taɣẓint d yiwen iswi ibanen. Tudert ur
tettwaxdem ara iwakken ara ttizemzer yiwen! Maca d ayen ara-d
yedṛun ma yella neɣfel neǧǧa iman-nneɣ alama rran-aɣ takkmamt.
Deg xilla n idelsan yellan tura di tmura n utrim, nezmer a nwali
acḥal tudert di twacult, di tejmeɛt atan yettsix kullec. Ula ttamssalt
maḍi n twacult bedlen-as udem. Atan yal-wa ittazal akken ara
yawweḍ ɣer iswi ines d wayen i ssaram, bennun rennun ur d-iban
wayen. Ulama xas akken kren-d kra ttberriḥen akken ara-d sslen i
ṣṣwab, ad-uɣalen ɣer wayen yesɛan azal d ṣṣeḥ di tdukli. Maca xas
akken amdan atan ittazzal ad-yeqḍeɛ iswi-s, yal-wa yekka-t i yimanis kan, atan ḍuṛren aṭas lqima tesɛa twacult.
Tirawt: ma nettnadi ɣef tateggart i d-ihedṛen ɣef wamek sfesden
zzwaǧ aked ttudert di twacult, atan llan sin izwilen n yidlisen
imenzayen id-yefɣen di marikan : BLANKENHORN (David), Fatherless
America (Harper Perennial, USA, Fuṛar 1996, 336 p.) ; GALLAGHER
(Maggie), The Abolition of Marriage (Regnery Publishing Inc., USA,
Yennayer 2007, 300 p.).
Tella daɣen yiwet n tilawt nniḍen qerṛiḥen aṭas, ɣef usentel n
tmezgida, dduklen irkul deg ussiwel yesbed Yillu iwakken ara ilin
aberrazu=dépression, tansuft=solitude, imedra=principes, utrim=occidental,
wayla=appartenance,
tamedṛant=notion,
amnaḍ=contexte,
ismentel=sujet,
taɣẓint=raison, iswi=but, ttizemzer=gaspiller, tateggart=document, tilawt=réalité
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ttafat n ddunit-agi iɣum ṭṭlam, tefsed. Timezgida atan ula d nettat
tuḍen s lehlak-nni n yal-wa i yiman-is, akken xedmen akk deg
utrim. Timezgida ilaqen a ttili ttawacult n twaculin, truḥ am akken
tezgel ccɣul i yas ittwaweklen, t-tteddu akken llan iṣuḍaf n ssuq.
Nazdel dɣa tanellayt-nni n wid i tetten tessen ur nesɛi aɣbel. Lebɣi
n Yillu i tmezgida sumata, iwakken ara tili ttawacult n twaculin ara
yesɛun izuṛan iǧehden, ara yesdaklen yal tasuti. Timezgida ilaq-as a
ttili d aɣbalu ameqqṛan n tahregt, iwakken ara ttwaṛebbin
imecṭuḥen, iwakken daɣen ara tesbed zzwaǧ ittdumun, ad-yili lweṛt
ɛzizen ara zzdin si tasuti ɣer tasuti. Tezṛam belli llan s nnig 60% n
warrac i d-ittefɣen di tmezgidatin n utrim, iruḥen ǧgan taflest
akken-kan ara zewǧen, xedmen axxam ?
Deg wadlis-agi, anwali akken ilaq timezgida anda nella, am
twacult n twaculin. Lebɣi n Yillu ɣef inelmaden-is, iwakken ara ilin
d ayla n twacult ittamnen, tawacult n tmezgida. Di taggnit
tamezwarut, a nwali belli timezgida d yiwet n tdukli yesɛan azaraf a
ttili. Di teggnit tis snat, d ttlata aked ṛebɛa, a nwali akken ilaq
anamek n tudert yedduklen. Ataya wanda ara-d ibin s tidet d acu i
d azal n wayla-nneɣ. Di taggnit tis snat a nwali belli lebɣi n Yillu i
tmezgida, iwakken ara-d bin di lecɣal-is belli tella ttawacult n ṣseḥ.
Di taggnit yellan ɣer zdat, a nwali daɣen akken ilaq tamasit-nneɣ di
tmezgida anda nella. Ma di taggnit tis ṛebɛa a nwali akken ilaq
tamasit-nneɣ di twaculin-neɣ. Di taggnit tis xemsa, an-kenned
akken ilaq ɣef wamek yesɛa tixutra tameqqṛan iwakken ara yesbedd
yiwen ayen akk yezwaren di tudert-is. A neɛṛed iwakken ara nɛeddi
s nnig uxemmem-nni n yal-wa iman-is, a nesɛu d aɣbel amek ara
nessekcem di tama ayen akk yellan yezwar ɣur-neɣ, di twaculinnneɣ. Di tama nniḍen, tudert-nneɣ di twacult n Yillu, timezgida
anda nella.
Deg wadlis wis tlata, a nerfed amur-nneɣ di tuɣḍaṭ n tmezgida:
imenzayen imedra n tamlilt n tmezgida, a neknu akken ara nwali
aṭas lexṣaṣ n walsi, d win n taɣẓint akken ara yili! A nelmed
imenzayen imedra yellan d lsas n tmezgida. Snat n tezrawtin-agi d
ayen ara yebnun lsas ara yawin yiwen ad-yesɛu tudert ifazen,
yeččuṛen s tidett ttufrayt n wayla, aked ttaɣẓint n wamek ara yili
yiwen s tidet. Kret a nebdut ihi a nesress lsasat, s uselmed n
wadlis-agi wis sin, Illi d ayla n twacult n twaculin: imenzayen
imedra n tudert di tmezgida.
usentel=sujet, utrim=occidental, nazdel=adopter, tanellayt=mentalité, tahregt=
inspiration, anamek=sens, tamasit=responsabilité, imenzayen imedra=principes
fondamentaux, tamlilt=rôle, alsi=humain, tazrawtin=études, tufrayt=sentiment
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Talkensit : Imenzayen imedra
Tikli yuysen s tasmessit n timetti aked tifadiwin-is
Aqlaɣ ass-agi zdat yiwet n tudert tamaynut i yaɣ-d ittwanefken :
Tudert-nni n ordinateur, d mkul ṣsenf n talɣiwin, war leɛdil
timaynutin ixeddamen di ddunit amek tella liḥala-nsen. Bɣan
meṛra ad-lemden ad-rennun di tlemmast n tanunnect-nsen.
Awennaḍ-agi isdenkiyaɣ aṭas n tugtatin, amek ara nesseqdec akudnneɣ d yedrimen-nneɣ, d wamek ilaq a tili tassaɣt-nneɣ.
Yer wayagi akk ara nernu taflest-nneɣ d wamek nebɣa a nidir! S
nnig wamek ilaq a nexdem akken ara nbedd ɣer twaculin-nneɣ,
akken ur ten-yettxaṣsa wacema, nessaram akken ara neqdec ɣef
Yillu, a nesɛu aneɣlaf yelhan. Ilaq daɣen a nisin amek ara
nesseqdec swayeɛ n umahil, imasayen n twaculin, Itfaren, d wamek
ilaq a nili nhegga akken ara nekcem deg uneɣlaf di tlemmast n
tmezgida-nneɣ. Anamek n wayagi akk, ilaq a nḥizz aṭas n wakud
aked tezmert i wexxam, deg umahil, d wayen akk iḍeṛrun di
tmezgida anda nella. Zdat wayagi akk am akken, ur d-yeqqim
wacema n wakud iwakken ara yeggmu yiwen wa-d yaff iman-is.
Idles i yaɣ-d yezzin isdenkey fellaɣ akken ara nxemmem akken
yella lqaleb-is, deg waṭas n tɣewsiwin, i deg-i yella daɣen tmessaltnni, amek ara yeggmu yiwen ad-yaff iman-is. Nebɣa meṛra:
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Ddwa-nni tamkerra mačči d tifrat-nni n ṣṣeḥ ;
“Amek i teddu wayen” mačči d tazmert n tasnezgimt yeṣfan ;
Asileɣ ittɣawalen mačči d akala ittkemmilen deg uselmed ;
Ayen yellan d tanga i taferra mačči d amek ara yelmed
yiwen s umaglay d uṣsuneḍ ;
Ikayaden n mkul ṣsenf mačči d lxudma yuḥwajen ṛruḥ akk
d tasemlilt ;
Isnasen isehlen mačči d tid yettawin ɣer usenfar yuɛṛen.
Ihi ma nebɣa nekwni s imasiḥiyen n 21 leqṛun ur nɛeddel ara
yidsen, ilaq a nettḥiz lweqt ilaqen, akken ara neggmu di tmusni
anaff iman-nneɣ akken ilaq. Ulamek ara neɣfel fell-asen ma yella
talkensit=collection, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, timetti=société,
talɣiwin=informations,
timaynutin=les
nouvelles,
awennaḍ=environnement,
asdenkey=imposer, tuglatin=contraintes, tansayt=relation, aneɣlaf=ministère,
imasayen=responsabilités, itfaren=devoirs, idles=culture, tamkerra=miracle,
tasnezgimt=réflexion, asileɣ=formation, akala=processus, d tanga=matière,
taferra=sensation,
amaglay=sérieux,
ssuneḍ=ordonné,
Ikayaden=examens,
tasemlilt=synthèse, isnasen=applications, asenfar=projet.
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nebɣa ad-tteffeɣ di tudert-nneɣ lfakya. Nuḥwaj a nesɛu yiwet n
tasudest d ayen araɣ yilin d amnir i wabrid n tudert-nneɣ. Yerna
ayagi ilaq a nebdu deg-s war leɛḍil !
Talkensit n imenzayen imedra tban-ed d allal araɣ yeɛɛiwnen
deg caṛkiḍ-agi amenzu. Ihi tura a nɛeddi-t ɣer umecwaṛ amenzu!
Imseɣra n talkensit Imenzayen imedra
Adlis-agi yella d yiwen seg idlisen nniḍen iweṣfen yiwen
umazrar. Talkensit di lekmala ines tesɛa aṭas n imazraren. Asentel
n imenzayen imedra d ayen i d-ittwajebden di tebṛat n Bulus i dyura i tmezgida nat At Kuluṣ, ataya tura qṛib 2000 iseggasen-ayagi.
Ɣurwat amer a kun-yeṭṭef yiwen di tcerket unadi n tmusni-nni yellan d ineɣlankan yettɣurrun, lsas-is iress ɣef leɛwayed n yemdanen, ɣef imenzayen imedra
inehṛen tudert di ddunit mačči ɣef Yasuɛ i tṛeṣsa. (At Kuluṣ 2.8)
Ddunit-agi atan tella deg ufus n waṭas n imenzayen imedra, wa
deffir-wa, (di tira iqedsen nezmer a nwali amek i d-hedren-t ɣef
imenzayen imedra n ddunit). Maca aɛni mačči d ayen ilaqen,
iwakken taflest-nneɣ d tudert-nneɣ tamasiḥit ur tṛeṣṣin-t ara ɛni
ula d nutenti, ɣef imenzayen d lsasat iṣeḥḥan? Ayagi iqeddem-ed
aserrusuy amenzu ara yelmed yiwen, ad-yafles wa-d yettidir ayen.
Ayagi d ayen yellan ɣef usentel n lsas-nni ɣef ara iress lebni meṛra.
Ma yella tidet-agi ur tettwassen ara, ayen nniḍen merra ad-yili
yexṛeb ! Amaskar i d-yuran tabṛat i Yiɛbṛaniyen, d ayen ibanen
belli yegza akken ilaq ayagi. Di tebṛat Iɛebraniyen 5, ittḥelliy seg
wid i ttiɣaṛen, iwakken ur d taǧǧan ara taflest-nsen tamaynut i
yufan, naɣ mulac yella lxuf fell-asen :
11 Nesɛa aṭas ara-d nini ɣef usentel-agi, yerna d ayen yellan yuɛer a t-id
izzegzu yiwen, acku tuɣalem tuɛrem i wuzzegzi. 12 Kunwi tili i tellam acḥal-aya
d iselmaden, atan kunwi tuḥwajem mazal iwakken ara wen-iselmed yiwen
leqqdami timezwura ɣef usentel n lumuṛat n Yillu, tuɣalem alami tuḥwajem
ayefki mačči d lmakla iǧehden. 13 Kra n win mazal i teṭṭeḍ ayefki d llufan i gella,
ur yessin ara ad yextiṛ s ger wayen yelhan d wayen n ddiri. 14 Maca lqut
iǧehden yella i wid yegman uɣalen d’irgazen, yesnen ad-ferẓen s ger lxiṛ d cceṛ.
(Iɛebraniyen 5.11-14)
Imasiḥiyen Iɛebṛaniyen uɣalen alami d tun lsasat, “imenzayen
imedra” n teflest-nsen. Asmi tuben uɣalen d imasiḥiyen, imaslaḍen
n twaculin-nsen, aked yemdukkal-nsen iɛebṛaniyen; ḥeṛsen degsen, rennun akken ara-d uɣalen ɣer wabrid-nsen. Uɣalen alami i
tasudest=stratégie, amnir=guide, talkensit-collection, imenzayen imedra= principes
fondamentaux, allal=moyen, imseɣṛa=objectifs, amazrar=série, ineɣlan=illusion,
amaskar=auteur, agzu=comprendre
9
ten-yekcem ccek ɣef usentil n lsasat n teflest tamasiḥit. Ayen ara-d
nini d tagrayt, deg wayen i nwala yura dagi, ulamek ara yeggmu
yiwen ad-yimɣuṛ war ma yefhem imenzayen iferdas n teflest
tamasiḥit.
Iswi n umazrar n yidlisen-agi iwakken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tafem
imenzayen ilaqen, a kun-awin iwakken ara tawḍem a tebnum ɣef
lsas-nsen, akken daɣen ara tegmum a tuɣalem d wid ɣef i yezmer
ad-yettkel yiwen. Si tallit-nni tamenzut tamaynut yelhan n L’Inǧil,
alami d ass-a yal lǧil imasiḥiyen twaɛraḍen ad-ḥersen seg-imannsen, akken ara isinen wa-d ḥerzen imenzayen-agi. Timezgida
daɣen tamenzut, uqbel ad-binen ɛinani imasiḥiyen d tikkin di
tmezgida, ilaq-asen ad-lemden a didachè (aselmed). A didachè yella
d agzul, aɛiwed n uselmed meṛra yellan d lsas n Lɛahed Amaynut –
Imenzayen imedra. Di tallit-nni n tasmeskelt lwuǧug iseggasen-nni
1600, aselmed-agi fkana-s isem n Katicisme, iswi ines daɣen wagi,
akken ara yeɛɛiwen imasiḥiyen, iwakken ara issinen akken iwqem
timedṛanin-agi imedra.
Ihi, tamedṛant imenzayen imedra dayen iɛnan meṛra taɣulin n
tudert. D ayen i d-yekkan si taɛwint n uselmed-nni ifazen. Ataya
tura qṛib 150 iseggasen ayagi, John NEWMAN, deg wadlis-nni i
wumi semma The Idea of University (Tamedṛant n tasdawit),
Ixemmem yerna yefaka-yas isem, i wayagi “iqurqac n imenzayen
ilaqen”. Yur NEWMAN, iswi n tasdawit akken ara-t sselmed leqdami
timenza di kra yellan, dɣa a tuɣal aten-tawi alama d ansa idneqdaɛen-t tilisa timenzayin yellan d lsas – a tesseqdec seg-sen
iwakken ayen yellan d aqirquc ad-yuɣal tabexsist.
Akka daɣen i tella ɣef usentel n teflest-nneɣ. M’ara nawweḍ
alama nessen akken ilaq imenzayen imedra, yerna a nezmer akken
ara nidir ayagi di tiɣulin akw n tudert-nneɣ. Ataya wayen yellan d
abrid yettawin akken ara nuɣal d irgazen ɣef i yezmer ad-yettkel
yiwen. Ihi imazraren-agi meṛra n imenzayen imedra twaheggan-d
akken ilaq, iwakken ara kun-ɛiwnen a tiǧhidem di teflest-nwen ɣef
lsasat-agi meṛra !
Ma yella tura-kan it-tubem ɣer teflest tamasiḥit, naɣ ma tḥussem
deg iman-nwen amek tuḥwajem akken ara tegzum imenzayen-agi
tikkelt tamezwarut, naɣ ahat tebɣam-kan iwakken ara ternum a
teswem ayen tegzam ɣef imenzayen ilaqen i telflest, a ternum
aselmed akteṛ, atan ad-leqqḍem aṭas n ubaɣuṛ i tudert-nwen.
imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux, imaṣlaḍen=membres, asentel=sujet,
tagrayt=conclusion, war=sans, iferdas=élémentaires, iswi=but, amazrar=série,
tamaynutt=nouvelle, agzul=résumé, tasmeskelt=réforme, timedṛanin=notions,
imedra =fondamentales, taɣlin=domaine, tasdawit=université
10
Talkensit Imenzayen imedra
Amazrar 1 :
Amazrar 2 :
Amazrar 3 :
1. Issin amek ara-t sqedceḍ tira iqedsen
Imenzayen imedra n uselmed n tira iqedsen
2. Zzegzu tuɣḍaṭ n ddunit meṛra
Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden di lecɣal n Yemcegɛen
3. Ssres lsas iǧehden
Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden si 1 aked 2 n Tissaluni
4. Issin amek tella tmuɣli n Yillu ɣef tmezgida
Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden si tebṛatt nat Ifasus
5. Iddir deg waxxam n Yillu
Imenzayen imedra i d-ittwajebden si tebṛatin imeksawen n
tmezgida
Tameḍṛant n imnan n uselmed
Iswi n umazrar-agi iwakken ara kun-issuɛef deg yiwen ukala n
uselmed, a tuɣalem a tesɛum axemmem n tira iqedsen. Akala-yagi d
ayen i d-ikuflen deg yiwen umadya aɛebṛani ɣef usentel n tusna i dtalkensit imenzayen imedra=collection des principes fondamentaux, abaɣuṛ=
récolte, amazrar=série, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, imaɣyaden=disciplinée, izalen=valeurs,
tarennawet=succès, igumma=fruits
11
ittwajebden si tira iqedsen (idlisen n didaché n tira iqedsen) s nnig
wayagi yella unadi ameqqṛan ɣef wamek llan sselmaden zikk. Ihi
aqerreb-agi d ayen ittwasqedcen di yal imniyen n uselmed n tira
iqedsen n talkensit imenzayen imedra. Akka ihi, m’ara tegzum
akken ilaq tarayt-agi, a tilim twajdem i wayen akk yellan d ccɣul
ama di amazrar-agi ama d imazraren ara-d yernun ɣer zdat. A
tafem daɣem yiwen umedya n uselmed ur nuɛiṛ ara, yerna dayen
ara tzemrem a tesqedcem ayen di kra yellan di tudert-nwen.
Di xemsa n timliliyin timezwura, a tḍefṛem yiwen ukala n
uselmed ara yebḍun ɣef ṛebɛa imecwaṛen. Timlilit tis setta yella
deg-s yiwet n taggnit i wallas d wayen daɣen ara yilin d amecwaṛ
aneggaru. Dayen ara kun-yawin iwakken ara-d arum tasemlilt n
umahil i tkemlem di xemsa n timliliyin iɛeddan. Ad-tinim daɣen i
wagraw-nwen amecṭuḥ ayen iɛelmen tudert-nwen di xemsa-nni
imecwaṛen.
Yiwen n Akala Aeelmed s Anagraw (A.A.A)
Yiwen ukala uselmed n anagraw ittwasqedcen deg idlisen-agi, d
ayen ara kun-iɛiwnen iwakken ara tilim dima twejdem, kra n
tikkelt i deg ara tilim zdat wazrug n tira iqedsen. A.A.A. dayen ara
wen-yilin d asmekti belli aselmed n tira iqedsen, mačči d tarmit n
wasɣafes yufa yiwen deg yiwen wazrug n tira iqedsen, maca d ayen
yebnan s ukayed akken iwqem. Akala yagi yesɛa rebɛa imecwaṛen
imenzayen aked yiwen umecwaṛ n tagara, ara yilin tasemlilt n
ccɣul ittwakemlen deg imecwaren iɛeddan.
Xemsa n temliliyin timezwura: Di xemsa n taggnitin timezwura n yal
adlis n “Imenzayen imedra”, d ayen ara tafem di yal timlilit, ṛebɛa
imecwaren-agi : 1) Lmed tira iqedsen ; 2) Sekyed iwenniten ;
3) Xemmem ɣef iselkamen ; 4) Snes imenzayen.
Tixutert n yal amecwar ittwazzegz-ed deg wayen yellan ɣer zdat.
Lmed tira iqedsen
Amecwaṛ-agi yella d amedra. Ulamek nessaweḍ a
nesnirem timessalin n tira iqedsen war ma negza
akala=processus,
imniyen=guide,
tegzum=comprendre,
taṛayt=méthode,
amedya=exemple,
ukala=processus,
allas=révision,
tasemlilt=synthèse,
anagraw=systématisé,
azrug=passage,
tarmit=mystique,
akayeḍ=examen,
asɣafes=mystification,
sekyed
iwenniten=consulter
les
commentaires,
aselkem=implication, asnas=appliquer, tixutert=l’importance, azzegz=expliquer
12
anamek n wayen n lemmed nekwni di tra iqedsen. Igrawen n
lehduṛ anda, yal yiwen iqqar-ed ayen ittxemmim, ayagi d ayen i yaɣ
issebɛaden ɣef uxemmem n tira iqedsen; yerna d ayen daɣen
izemren ad-issibɛed yiwen ɣef Yillu. Tiswiɛin d ayen sseqdacen
akken ara fren lexsas-nsen n tmusni. Di yal taggnit n wadlis, d
ayen ara netmahal dima, akken nesɛa lɛada, alama nekfa amecwaṛ
amenzu. Anebdu s kra n tɣuri n tira iqedsen, dɣa ad-nefk tiririt i
kra n yesteqsiyen yellan. Yerna ad-ssegzul aselmed yellan d ajgu
alemmas n wayen i d-neɣṛa.
Ayen



ara yilin d cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi :
Ɣeṛ yiwen wazrug n tira iqedsen ;
Xemmem ɣef tmessalin yesɛa ;
Sagzul aselmed alemmas n wayen teɣṛid.
Sekyed iwenniten
Amecwar-agi daɣen d ayen isɛan aṭas n tixutra, xas ma
yella mačči d ayen iɛeqlen akk imasiḥiyen n tasuti
yellan ass-a. Illu iskaray-ed iselmaden i tnadin dima akken ara
qedcen ɣef yal tasuti. Ṭtebbat-agi n tira iqedsen zemren ad-qerḥen
tiswiɛin timezgida, zemren daɣen as-ilin d lbaraka. Ɣef wakka i
yawen-d nextaṛ akken iwqem si kra n yidlisen i duran imusnawenagi imeqqṛanen n tira – nesnejmaɛ-ed seg-sen ayen i yaɣ-d ibanen
izmer akun-iɛiwen. Amek id-ttwaqedmen s ssin ṣsenfat. Tazwart, s
kra iwenniten ɣef wayen i d-neɣṛa di tira iqedsen, dɣa ad-rnun
deffir kra n imukan i d’uran akken ara yili d aɛiwen, iwakken ara
issegzu yiwen akken ilaq, tidet akk yeqnen ɣer wayen id-neɣra.
Cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi :
 Ɣer awennit-agi amecṭuḥ, txemmeḍ fell-as ;
 Ɣer issimlen ara yilin am tsura, txemmeḍ daɣen ɣef wayen ;
 Aru-t ixemmimen i yawen-d yusan si tɣuṛi-nwen.
Xemmet ɣef iselkamen
Amecwaṛ-agi iswi ines akken ara kun-iɛiwen a
txemmem, ɣef iselkamen n uselmed, n wayen i tellam
tlemdem tura. Ma tɣeflem ɣef tikli-yagi yezmer awen-iṛuḥ waṭas n
asnirem=explorer, agzul=résumer, segzul=résumer, skeyyed iwenniten=consulter
les commentaires, tasuti = génération, issimlen=citations
13
unamek yesɛan azal aṭas, ɣef tidet ara yilin d ajgu alemmas –
imenzayen imedra n teflest. Timessalin-agi ara tqablem deg
agrawen imecṭuḥen, d ayen ara yeldin imawen i lehduṛ waygarawen. Lehduṛ, amedya ɣef yiwen wagur zdat tafat n tira iqedsen,
d ayen ara kun-yawin ɣer yiwet n tagrayt deg wagraw-nwen. Mačči
deg agraw-agi ara tekkatem amek ara iɛeddi ixemmimen-nwen,
maca iwakken ara twalim yal taɣewsiwt s tafat n tira iqedsen,
akken yebɣu yili useqsi.
Cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi :
 Xemmet ɣef tmessalin i d-yellan, t-arum tiktiyin-nwen uqbel
a tebdum lehduṛ ;
 Hedṛet deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ ɣef tmessalt yellan ;
 Aru-t tigraytin n wayen ɣef i t-hedṛem.
Snes imenzayen
Amecwaṛ-agi t-kemmel i tasufeɣt n uselmed. Iswi n
wayagi akk mačči iwakken-kan ara negzu agur amek
yella, neɣ m’ara negzu ayen i d-qqaren-t tira iqedsen deg wayen i dneɣṛa, maca iwakken ara-t nesnes, at-nesseqdec di tudert-nneɣ.
Asnas-agi daɣen ilaq ad-ittwaqqen ɣer tidet n wayen i nelmed di tira
iqedsen.
Cɣul-nwen deg umecwaṛ-agi :


Tuɣalin ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura ;
Ad-nejbed deg-sent yiwen wasnas i tudert-nneɣ.
Timlilit tis seta : Attili d taggnit taneggarut n wamni uselmed ara
yilin daɣen d amecwaṛ aneggaru.
Aɛiwed n wamsal i tudert-nneɣ
Amecwaṛ-agi issemlal-ed akk akala n uselmed. Di xemsa
n temliliyin, neḍfeṛ, Akala n Aselmed Anagraw yesɛan
rebɛa imecwaren (A.A.A.). Tura ihi di temlilit tis setta, ad-negzul
amahil akk i twakemlen, a nesɛeddi tudert-nneɣ deg usekyed.
iselkamen= implications, tagrayt=conclusion, tiktiyin=idées, tigraytin=conclusions,
snaset imenzayen=appliquer les principes, tasufeɣt=cycle, iswi=but, gzu=
comprendre, maca=mais, sanes=appliquer, amni=guide
14
Asnas ara yilin sufella-kan ɣef wayen iɛnan tidet n tira iqedsen
ur nezmir anesgiwen s wayagi-kan. Acḥal d abrid, i nettbeddad di
leqṛaya-nneɣ uqwbel a tuɣal d ayen i deg ara teṭṭef tudert-nneɣ.
Xemmem ɣef isnasen ilaqen, yeqnen ɣer uselmed n tira iqedsen, d
ayen isɛan aṭas n tixutra. Maca asekyed n tudert-nneɣ, akken ma
tella, zdat tafat n tmaynutin-agi meṛra, d ayen yesɛan azal aṭas !
Amecwar aneggaru n akala n uselmed iḥres deg-neɣ, iwakken ara
nxemmem akken ilaq i tudert-nneɣ meṛra zdat tafat n tidet-at-agi i
nsekyed alami d tura. Ayagi d ayen araɣ yawin, iwakken ara tbeddel tmuɣli-nneɣ ɣef ddunit. Ilaq a neǧǧ tidett-at agi inelmed
iwakken ara ɛiwden-t amsal i tudert-nneɣ kamel.
Cɣul-nneɣ deg umecwaṛ-agi :
 Asekfiwel n ul-nwen – s tnegzimt, sɛut aɣmis-nwen, akk tẓallit ;
 Asekfiwel n unelli-nwen – Tḥeddidet deg-wen timedliyin yefran
banen-t, ceffu-t, t-ḥerzem tira iqedsen.
 Asekfiwel n tudert-nwen – s tiɣtasin, d isenfaren-nwen akk d
tinumiwint n tudert.
Sin n isemmaden ara yilin i yimniyen n tazrawt : Yiwen
wafsar aked yiwet n tgezmi ɣef ussileɣ ara irennun.
Afsar wamtu aked tmeḍṛant n tira iqedsen yellan d
tasarut: Iswi n wafsar-agi iwakken ara wen-d yefk azzegzi
imeslayen imaynuten. Nessenqes deg-sen aṭas deg wamni-yagi n
tazrawt, maca ur nezmir ara yerna mačči d ayen ilaqen, iwakken
ara n wexxeṛ ɣef kra n imeslayen ur neshil ara, maca sɛan amkannsen aked d tixutra. Llan kra imeslayen imaynuten – imeslayen-agi
di tira iqedsen d ayen i ččuṛen d tabaɣurt aked d tidet – imeslayenagi d ayen ilaqen aten-yelmed yiwen. Iwakken ara nessifses akala
yagi, nerna-d yiwen wafsar nniḍen.
Akken ara tkemlem assileɣ-nwen : Tigezmi yagi d ayen ara
kun-iɛiwnen iwakken ara tafem tiliwa nniḍen i s’ara tkemlem
assileɣ-nwen. D ayen isɛan azal aṭas, iwakken ur tɣeflem ara ɣef
ussileɣ-nwen, m’ara tkemlen adlis amezwaru. Ilaq a tegzum belli
aql-akun tserrusuyem lsasat i wuselmed ara i dumen tudert kamel.
aɛiwed n wumsal n tudert-nneɣ=remodeler nos vies, assemlil=synthèse, akala=
processus,
anagraw=systématisé,
asekyed=examen,
timaynutin=nouvelles,
kfiwel=engagez, tanegzimt=réflexion, aɣmis=journal, inelli=esprit, tḥeddidet
timedliyin-nwen=forgeant des convictions personnelles, tiɣtasin=décisions,
isenfaren=projets,
yinza=compléments,
imniyen=guides,
afsar=glossaire,
tameḍṛant=concept, tigezmi=section, asileɣ=formation, awtu=terme
15
Tiɣmeɣrt ɣef ires uɣawas
n Yasuɛ, Timezgida
Taggnitt 1
Deg wadlis amezwaru n umazrar-agi, Anelmad ara nuɣal, nwala
amek i d-yefka lameṛ Yasuɛ i yinelmaden-is, akken ara ṛuḥen adawin L’Inǧil i ddunit meṛra, ad-ɣeṭsen wa-d sselmaden wid
yumnen. Nwala daɣen d acu i danamek amezwaru n waɣḍas: adrnun ɣer tejmaɛt n lqadisin, di tmezgida imaynuten ifelsen. Ataya
wayen ittwasemman ttimazgida n Yasuɛ (wali Maṭṭa 16.18). A
nebdut ihi s tamiḍṛant n “Tmezgida” a neɛṛeḍ amek ara negzu
tilawt-agi deg uɣawas ines kamel. Azrug ara nelmed d amezwaru
ittwajbed-ed si tebṛatt i d-yura Bulus i wat Ifasus. Seg Ifasus 2.18
alama d 3.11. Bulus yura ihi i tmezgida n Ifasus iwakken ara-s
yemmel tabdelt n Yasuɛ, ittusema aɣawas ines i wi-d ifelsen.
aɣawas-agi, ttimezgida ines. Tamessalt n wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen,
yella d yiwen n tegzimt imenzayen n tebṛatin i d-yura Bulus, anda i
d-yefka anamek n waɣlif-is di tlemmast n tmizgidatin, yefka-d a
nwali kra aɣawas n Yasuɛ, yerna alami d ass-a ur d-ittwaweḥḥa ara
i yemdanen.
Lmed tira iqedsen
Ɣeṛ : Ifasus 2.18 alama d 3.11
Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat :
1. Acu n tidet akk i d-iweḥḥa Bulus i wat leǧnas ? Acu yellan
ttamasit n Wumceggeɛ ?
2. Anwa issersen lsas n Tmezgida n Yasuɛ ? Acu yellan ttiɣmeṛt
ɣef tress lebni ?
3. I wacu yella tabdelt naɣ aɣawas n Yasuɛ ? Amek aɣawas-agi ara
ikemmel lebɣi n Yillu ?
aɣawas=plan, amazrar=série, tamedṛant=concept, gzu=comprendre, tilawt=réalité,
azrug=passage, tabdelt=administration, tegzimt imenzayen=sections principales,
anamek=sens, aɣlif=ministère, ttamasit=responsabilité,
16
Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen:
Arut tigraytin-nwen akken ara tecfum fell-asent, ama s
tgemmunt n tseddaṛin, naɣ d azenziɣ naɣ d kra tfelwit. Xtiṛ-et
ṣsenf n taɣwalt i yawen isehlen. Nadit akken ara-d tefkem awennit
akken ilaq ɣef lecɣal n Bullus, d wacu tin n ṣṣeḥ i d-ittwaweḥḥan i
tmezgida n Ifasus.
Aselmed imedra n lecɣal n At Ifasus 2.18 alama d 3.11 :
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Sekyed iwenniten
Iwenniten-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat sɛan iswi iwakken ara
kun-ɛiwnen a tegzum izrugen n tira iqedsen, d ayen
daɣen ara tisekren deg-wen akken ara txemmem ɣef iselkamen n
uselmed.
gzul-ed=résumez, amenzawi=central, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=paragraphe,
tafelwit=tableau,
taɣwalt=communication,
awennit=commentaire,
aselmed
imedra=enseignements fondamentaux.
17
Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ ɣef Lecɣal n Ifasus 2.18 alama
d 3.11, txemmeḍ ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s :
D ayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant iwakken ara negzu amnaḍ n
wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen. Acu yellan n wassaɣ s ger tebṛat-agi i dyura i tmezgida n Ifasus aked d uneɣlif kamel n Bulus ? Tabṛat-agi
yura tt-id iwakken ara yefk ifadden i yimaṣlaḍen n tmezgida n
Ifasus, akken ara idiren tuɣḍaṭ n Yasuɛ di lekmala ines. Deg umur
amezwaru n tebṛat-agi, Bulus ittmeslay-ed ɣef uɣawas n Yasuɛ tabdelt-is aked d “ussiwel-nsen”. Amur wis sin n tebṛatt-agi
iheddeṛ-ed ɣef wamek ilaq ad-idiren imasiḥiyen s tafat uɣawas n
Yasuɛ yerna yefka-yasen-d lewṣayat ibanen ara ḍefṛen iwakken aras nilen tudert-nsen.
Deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, Bulus yuder-ed amek i yas waklen
sin lecɣal (3.8-10). Tettwanefk-as-d tamasit iwakken ara ibecceṛ
L’Inǧil “wa-d yesbin s tafat amek, yewwi deg ufus-is Illu aɣawasagi, ad-yettwakemmel kulci di lebɣi ines”. Asmi i ttub Bulus deg
wabrid n Dimecq i yas-d ttwaweḥḥa tamasit-is amek ilaq ad-ibecceṛ
L’Inǧil i leǧnas. Tzemrem a tteɣṛem ayen ɣef wayagi di lecɣal n
yemcegɛen ixef 9.
Deg Ifasus 2.11-17, Bulus nwala amek i d-yenna belli leǧnas llan
tbelleɛ fell-asen teggurt n lemɛahdat n Yillu, D lǧens n Isṛaɛil igsseqdac Yillu, dayen imi qqaṛen iɛebṛaniyen. Maca tura ɣef umentil
n lmut d ḥaggu n Yasuɛ, lḥiḍ-nni yekkan s gar leǧnas d lǧens n
Isṛaɛil ittwahud. Tura dayen kra n win ifelsen ama n Isṛaɛil ama n
leǧnas ad-ilin am akken ɣef yiwen deg yiwet n twacult tamaynut,
axxam n Yillu, ttimezgida. Aɣawas-agi amaynut yella am wayen
yefren ɣef wallen! Mačči d ayen issehlen ad-ixemmem yiwen belli
ad-yass was i deg ara dduklen ɣef yiwen, leǧnas d Isṛaɛil deg yiwet
n twacult imi qqaṛen timezgida ! (3.1-7). Awal-agi n wadrug d ayen
i d-yudren yiwet n tɣewsiwt yeqqimen teffer zik, maca tura atan
yusa-d uweḥḥi ines. Bulus ittwaxtaṛ iwakken ara yili d allal i s‘arad yettwasbin ɛinani wadrug n Yasuɛ yellan yeffer.
Deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, isban-ed aṭas n tmezṛiyin yesɛan
tixutra tameqqṛant ɣef usentel uɣawas n Yillu. Timezgida tella d
allal isseqdac Yillu iwakken ara-d iweḥḥi tamusni ines. Ulama
ttinezmar n lmalayek aked iṛuḥaniyen zemren ad-feṛzen akken ilaq
tamusni n Yillu di tmezgida n Yasuɛ (3.10). Ulac kra n ussurdu
sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, gzu=comprendre, izrugen=passages,
iselkamen=implications,
amnaḍ=contexte,
tamaqqant=relation,
imaṣlaḍen=
membres, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, aɣawas=plan, tabdelt=administration, nilen=diriger,
tamasit=reponsabilité, adrug=mystère, allal=instrument
18
belli timezgida tella di tlemmast n wul uɣawas n Yillu ɣef umeɣrad !
timezgida a ttiseqdec Yillu iwakken ara ikemmel lebɣi ines kamel.
Nezmer a nwali daɣen amek i d-iheddeṛ Bulus ɣef tmezgida-yagi
tamaynut n wid ifelsen, yedduklen ama d at isṛaɛil ama d at leǧnas
(2.18-22). Tettwaqeddem-ed am yiwen wexxam, am yiwen lebni, d
ayen yellan d afakan. D afakan yedren, yesduklen wid ifelsen.
Tasduklit meṛra tebna ɣef lsas sarsen imcegɛen aked nnbiyat, tira
akk ttwaqedment-ed s talɣa n l’Inǧilat aked ttebṛatin n lɛahed
amaynut. L’Inǧilat fkan-d lewṣef n wamek tella tudert n Yasuɛ,
aɣlif-is, d uselmed ines. Yasuɛ yella ttiɣmeṛt-nni ɣef i tṛessa lebni,
fell-as i tress lebni meṛṛa. Timezgida tettnerni tuɣal am yiwet n
twacult yedren i deg-i yezdeɣ Ṛruḥ n Yillu, aked ttnagit-is ɣef
Adunay Yasuɛ d ayen yefɣen iruḥ inuda-d akk ddunit.
Timezgida tella deg wul n lebɣi n Yasuɛ si tazwara umezruy ɣer
was-a. Yasuɛ yesɛa ih aɣawas iman-is i tmezgida ines. Yiwet si
tamasit ittwaweklen i wemceggeɛ Bulus, iwakken ara iweḥḥi
aɣawas-agi i tmezgidatin. S wallal n uɣawas-agi i d-ttwanefk akken
ara ttettwassen tmusni n Yillu, i wi-d akk yesmeḥsisen, ulama
ttinezmar n lmalayek aked d yir lerwaḥ, ad-walin ayen.
Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi :
Assimel yellan ɣer zdat d ayen i d-ittwajebden seg wadlis n, What
On Earth Are You Doing? : Jesus’ Call to World Mission, n Michael
C. GRIFFITHS, D yiwen umeqqṛan ittwasnen, ttqadaṛent di tama
ines n tuɣḍaṭ.
“Deg ixef-awen iɛeddan, nwala acu ixeddem Yasuɛ i yemdanen
di tama n umazday. Issekcam-iten ɣef tmezgidatin timaynutin n
tafat aked ttayri, i ttarra-ten “d imaṣlaḍen yesɛan amkan-nsen
deg wagdud n Yillu”, imaṣlaḍen n twacult n Yillu (Ifasus 2.19).
Ahat n serruḥuy dima deg utrim tixutra sɛant tmezgidatin n
tmasiḥit imedra, ahat nenwa belli timezgidatin llant ccɣul n
yegrawen-kan yesɛan amur-nsen di tudert n tmasiḥit. Njebbed
akken ara namen belli L’Inǧil iqqaṛ-ed amek ilaq ad-ittwasellek
wamdan. Maca di tebṛatt n at Ifasus tenna-d belli leslak n
wamdan yella d yiwet n tasduklit n wasdukkel d ayen yellan d
ssin illalen yeṭfen amkan ameqqṛan di L’Inǧil. Timezgidatin ur
llint ara kan, am tkerrusin n ṛṛeḥma iwakken imdanen ad-afen
leslak.
azrug=passage, asentel=sujet, aɣawas=plan, ameɣrad=univers, afakan=temple,
talɣa=forme, aɣlif=ministère, issimlat=citations, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, amazday=
collectif, imaṣlaḍen=membres, utrim=occident,
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Tamlilt-nsen ur tettwaqḍeɛ ara iwakken-kan ara teḍmen leɛnaya
i wid ifelsen, aked ttudert taḥlawant, ɣef wussan-nsen akk ɣef
lqaɛa. Lebɣi ameɣlel n Yillu, akken ara-d issukfel yiwet n timetti
n talsawit i d-yettwafdan, tamaynut, ɛzizen, i deg ara yezdeɣ s
timad-is Yillu.”1
Assimel-agi yellan ɣer zdat ittwajbed-ed si Planting Churches
Cross-Culturally : A Guide for home and Foreign missions n David
J. HESSELGRAVE. Adlis-agi d ayen ittwasnen aṭas, iheddeṛ-ed ɣef
tmessalt-nni n tamlilt amenzay n tmezgidatin deg uɣawas n Yillu.
“Aṭas n wayen i d-yesbanayen amek tella tassaɣt s gar Yasuɛ
ttmezgida-s. D ayen yellan d lebni ines – ‘Ibennu ɣef lsas-nni
sarsen yemcegɛen-is, ittbecciṛen awal-is, D Adunay Yasuɛ i
gellan ttiɣmeṛt-nni ɣef tṛeṣsa lebni’ (Ifasus 2.19-21). Ttimezgida
i ttafekka-ines n ṛruḥ - ‘Deg-s i tella tezga lekmala n Yillu
yeččuṛen kullec di kulci’ (Ifasus 1.23); wali daɣen 1 Kurant
12.12,13). Timezgifa tella ttislit-is, d amenil n tayri-s aked
duḥader ines ɛzizen (Ifasus 5.25-33).
Ataya ɣef wacu timezgida ur telli ara d yiwet-kan n tikti, i dineflen seg wayen i xemmem Yillu. Si teɣlel kamel, Illu yexdem
aɣawas-is amek ara tili tmezgida. S lmut aked ḥaggu n Mmi-s,
ihegga-d ayen akk i yas ilaqen (Ifasus 1.19-23). Mmi-s n Yillu
ihegga-d si tazwara ayen akk ilaqen, akken ara teggmu, d wamek
ara-t ssileɣ, yefka-d lewṣayat i yinelmaden-is, amek ara tili
tuɣḍaṭ-nsen, yefka-yasen-d tezmert s Ṛruḥ Uqdis (Lecɣal n
Yemcegɛen 1.4-8). Timezgida naɣ timezgidatin meṛṛa ur sɛint
ara aḥbib ara-d yessiwḍen Adunay Yasuɛ! Ihi ma yella
imasiḥiyen ttwaɛerḍen akken ara ḥemlen ayen iḥemmel Adunaynsen, ilaq ad-ḥemlen timezgida - d tmezgidatin anda nella! M’ara
nebɣu akken ara nisin taflest n yiwen amek tella, aqeṛreb yelhan
ɣures, as-ssutren acu yettxemmim ɣef Yasuɛ aked ttmezgida-s !”2
Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi
wezzilen aked ismilen yellan :
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tamlilt=rôle, timetti talsawit=société humaine, assimel=citation, amenzay=
principal, aɣawas=plan, amentil=sujet, teɣlel=éternité, ssileɣ=formation, tuɣḍaṭ=
mission, tirawt=notes, tikyiyi=idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlat=citations.
20
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Xemmet ɣef iselkamen
Deg wul maḍi n uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tella tmezgida –
ttmezgidatin-is meṛṛa. Di tesnegzimt-nwen, walit acḥal tesɛa
tixutra tmezgida. Aqlaɣ n ttidir deg yiwen n tallit i deg-i tella
tmedṛant ama ɣef tmezgida ama ɣef ttefrayt n wayla, rran-ten s
ddaw ufus n waslum aked d iswiyen n yal yiwen i yiman-is.
Xemmet ɣef iselkamen i d-ittenfalen seg uɣawas di lekmala ines n
Yasuɛ, mkul taɣewsiwt i twaculin-nneɣ n teflest.
Asentel : Amkan-is amenzawi n tmezgida deg uɣawas n
Yasuɛ
Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a
tebdum lehdur:
1. Acu n lqima tesɛa tmezgida di tuɣdaṭ n Yasuɛ ?
2. D aḍulli naɣ xaṭi iwakken ara neḍfeṛ aɣawas n Yasuɛ, i
tmezgida akken i d-yefka Bulus aweḥḥi fell-as ? Amek ara neḥṣu
s tidet belli azal-agi akk ur tifut ara lḥal ?
3. Amek ara yisin yiwen issuliḍen n uɣawas n Yasuɛ ?
4. Dayen isɛan azal naɣ xaṭi iwakken ara nḥizz i tmezgida amḍiq
yelhan deg isenfaren-nneɣ ?
iselkamen=implications, aɣawas=plan, tesnegzimt=réflexion, tameḍṛant=notion,
tefrayt=sentiment, aslum=aspiration, iswiyen=buts, asentel=sujet, amenzawi=
principal, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, aḍulli=nécessaire, issuliḍen=détails, isenfaren=projets
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Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehdur :
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Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ.
Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur :
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Snes imenzayen
Atan tura yusa-d lawan i deg ara-d neṭqem ɣef usentel n
wayen i tlemden d wayen i thedṛem. Tedmem akud
ilaqen i tgezmi yagi.
Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura.
Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen.
Kemlet asenfar i yawen-d i ttwanefken, yerna tarum ayen akk
yellan d asnas.
Asnas i yawen-d ittwanefken yesɛa snat n timeẓrin. Tamenzut akken ara-d
arum ayen ara yilin d lsas, yesɛan d iswi ad-igzul amkan amenzawi i teṭṭef
tmezgida deg uɣawas n Yasuɛ. dɣa tarum kra n tiktiyin ara wen-d yilin,
m’ara tebdum axemmem amek ara-t zezwrem timezgida deg uɣawas n
tudert-nwen.
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snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, tegzimt=section, stenfel=développez,
asenfar=projet, asnas=application, timezṛin=aspect, iswi=but, gzul=résumer,
aɣawas=plan, tiktiyin=idées
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Timezgida am twacult n
twaculin
Taggnitt 2
Di taggnitt tamezwarut, nwala acu n ccɣul iwekkel Yillu i Bulus:
iwakken ara-d iweḥḥi tabdelt n Yasuɛ. Awal-agi n tebdelt d ayen i
d-isbanen amek yecɣul Yasuɛ ttɣewsiwin n lqaɛa. Alami d imiren,
anagar agdud n Isṛaɛil ig-snefɛen s timsisitin akk d lemɛahed,
maca tura ula d leǧnas yumnen ad-sɛun amur-nsen seg iglamenagi, ad-sɛun amur-nsen daɣen deg wexxam n Yillu, tawacult-is,
timezgida. D ayen yelhan aṭas iwakken ara negzu akken ilaq tikli n
yal taɣewsiwt di twacult-agi n Yillu. A nezzi tura ɣer tebṛatin i dyura Bulus i Timuti aked i Tit, sin ilemẓiyen-agi yellan d imekdiyen
i teddun yid-es di ccɣul n tuɣḍaṭ. Tibraṭin-agi begnent-ed belli
axxam n Yillu d leqdic yellan deg-s, d ayen yeṭfen amkan ameqqṛan
deg xemmem n Yillu. Di tagnitt-agi, akun-neɛṛeḍ iwakken ara-t
lemdem 1 Timuti 3.14-16. Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen d ayen isɛan
azal ameqqṛan, di tebṛatin-agi n Bulus i d-yeqsed i wid ara yuɣalen
d imeksawen n tmezgida. (1 d 2 Timuti akk d Tit).
Lmed tira iqedsen
Ɣeṛ: 1 Timuti 3.14-16
Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat:
1. Acuɣeṛ Bulus yura i Timuti ? D acu yellan di lbal-is Bulus mi-d
iheddeṛ ɣef wamek ilaq ad-yili yiwen deg wexxalm n Yillu ?
2. Acu n tamlilt aked ttamasit ilaqen i tmezgida a ttbedd akken
ilaq ɣer tidett ?
3. Acuɣeṛ i d-yerna Bulus taseddaṛt-nni tis 16 ?
Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen :
Arut tigraytin-nwen akken ara tecfum fell-asent, s yiweet n
tgemmunt n tseddarin naɣ d azenziɣ naɣ s yiwen umazrar n tirawt
naɣ s tfelwit. Xtiṛ-et ṣsenf n taɣwalt i yawen isehlen. Nadit akken
ara-d tefkem awennit 1) tikti n tikli yelhan, 2) tamlilt n tmezgida
akken ara teḥrez tidet aked d L’Inǧil di lekmala unes.
24
Aselmed imedra n 1 Timuti 3.14-16 :
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tabdelt=administration, timsisitin=alliances, iglamen=privilèges, gzu=comprendre,
tikti=idée, imekdiyen=fidèles, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, azrug=passage, tamlilt=rôle,
tamasit=responsabilité, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=schéma, amazrar=série,
tfelwit=tableau, taɣwalt=communication
25
Sekyed iwenniten
Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat, iswi-nsen iwakken ara
kun-ɛiwnen akken ara-t gzum akken ilaq izrugen n tira
iqedsen, a kun-awin daɣen akken ara txemmem ɣef isnasen n
wayen tlemdem.
Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ ɣef usentel n 1 Timuti 3.14-16
txemmeḍ daɣen ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s :
Azrug-agi d ayen yelhan, imi-d yerna ɣef waḍris-nni i nelmed
yakan di Ifasus. Am waken i d-nenna yakan, belli ccɣul n Bulus
iwakken ara yesbin i yiɣlan tamaynut yelhan ugerruj ameqqṛan n
Yasuɛ: At Iɣlan sɛan tura iglamen iɛedlen d wid n at Isṛaɛil, ayagi
yella d adrug n tmezgida. Ataya wayen yellan ttiɣmeṛt iǧehden n
Yllu, axxam-is yellan ttimezgida (Ifasus 2.20).
Attaya yiwet n tmessalt yesɛan tixutra tameqqṛant: Tikli-nneɣ
nesɛa di tlemmast n twacult n Yillu, d ayen isɛan azal ɣures naɣ
xaṭi ? Ma yella d ayen yesɛan azal, acḥal id-ibann ihi uɣawas n
Yillu i tmezgida-s ? Azrug amenzawi n tira iqedsen i d-isbanen
ayagi akken iwqem di 1 Timuti 3.14-16. Deg wazrug-agi n tira
iqedsen, Bulus inna-d acu n taɣẓint i t-idemren iwakken ara-d yaru
1 Timuti. Yefka-yaɣ-d Bulus yiwen wallal araɣ yeɛɛiwnen akken ara
negzu lebɣi n Yillu i tmezgida ines. Tabṛat n timuti tella-d iwakken
ara-d iqeddem amek ilaq a ttili tikli-nneɣ deg wexxam n Yillu. Llan
kra yeqqaṛen imeslayen-agi qesden-d yiwen umeqqṛan tmezgida,
imi tabṛat-agi iceggeɛitt-id i Timuti. Di tebṛat-agi llant lewṣayat
amek ilaq a ttili tikli n wid iqedcen deg wexxam n Yillu – timezgida
yellan ttawacult-is - tebɣa a ttili wessiɛet meqqṛet, di lebɣi n Yillu.
Bulus nwala amek i d-iqeddem dagi aṭas n tmessalin ɣef usentel n
twacult, inna-d amedya imaṣlaḍen n tmezgida, ilaq ad-ilin way garaasen, akken llan imaṣlaḍen n yiwet n twacult (5.1,2), ad-bedden s
lxiṛ ɣer tuǧǧal yellan di twacult n tmezgida, ma yella ur zmiren-t
ara twaculin-nsent (5.3-16). Timezgida anda nella d ayen
ittwasemman s tidet d axxam n Yillu.
sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, iswi=but, gzu=comprendre,
izrugen=passages, iselkamen=implications, aḍris=étude, iglamen=privilèges,
adrug=mystère, aɣawas=plan, amenzawi=principal, taɣẓint=raison, assentel=sujet,
imaṣlaḍen=membres
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Dagi Bulus ihedder-ed i yiwet n tmezgida ibanen. Timuti yella
imiren di Ifasus, maca tin n ṣṣeḥ Bulus deg wayen i d-yenna dagi, d
ayen ilaqen i yal timezgida, anda tebɣu tili. Issinet ayagi belli Bulus
inna-d amek ilaq i yal yiwen ad-yesɛu tikli yelhan di tmezgida,
yellan ttawacult n Yillu. Bulus nwala dagi amek i d-yefka i Timuti
lewṣayat ibanen, iwakken ara yesbed yiwet n tmezgida ara yilin deg
uɣawas d lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Deg wayen i d-yenna dagi Bulus llant deg-s
tmessalin ɣef usentel n ussiwel n wid ara iqedcen, amek ilaq a ttili
tmaqqant s gar imaṣladen n twacult n Yillu, leɛnaya ɣef tuǧǧal,
tiferni n yemḍebṛen, aɣrud-nsen, d wamek ilaq ad-yili leqdeṛ way
gar-asen.
Acuɣer timessalin-agi meṛṛa sɛant tixutra zdat tmuɣli n Yasuɛ ?
Yella wayen yesduklen ih s gar tidet aked ussusel di tlemmast n
twacult di tmezgida, s gar daɣen tiskiweṭ ttassaɣt ara yilin di
tmezgida n Imasiḥiyen, aked waḥrez n tidet, s gar ubeccer n L’Inǧil
aked uselmed n Yasuɛ. Timezgida ilaq-as a ttili d ajgu alemmas, d
ayen ɣef ara tkenned tidet. Yasuɛ yebɣa iwakken di tmezgida adidiren wa-d ḥerzen tidett yerna ad-ttidren di tidett-nni yeṣfan.
Ayagi yella aɛni d azarig-kan ilaqen at-ḍefṛent meṛṛa
tmezgidatin? Bulus yettṛaju aɛni iwakken ara ssexdament ayagi
tmezgidatin meṛṛa ? Ɣur Bulus, timezgida ur nelli ara deg assusel i
ttwasbedden, atan tezgel iswi ines (wali Tit 1.5). Ataya ɣef wacu
Bulus yura-yasen tibṛatin, yerna iceggeɛ-asen yiwen umaṣlaḍ n
wagraw-is, iwakken ara xeddmen aked ttmezgidatin timaynutin.
Acku uḥwajent iwakken ara ṛeṣṣint ad-ǧehden akken ilaq. Ahat adyili w’ara-d yinin “dacut yella akka Bulus ? Iwakken ara naɣ awalis, a nexdem ayen i d-yenna ?” Acku win ara iḍefṛen aselmed n
Bulus atan d Yasuɛ s timad-is i geḍfeṛ, imi ccɣul n Bulus, iwakken
ara yesbin adrug n tmezgida, i yas-d i ttwanefken ad-iwali. Lemdet
ihi ternum belli yiwen seg iswiyen iwakken ara tettwaḥrez tidet –
asekkud iqedsen, i d-ittwaweklen i tmezgidatin s yemcegɛen. Aṭas
ig-ṛuḥen uɣalen-d, wwin-d yidsen ttebcira yemxalafen d tin n
yemcegɛen, ḍuṛren aṭas n tmezgidatin (Tit 1.6-11). Ataya ɣef wacu
n taɣẓint ilaq timezgidatin meṛṛa ad-sɛun tamusni yagi yifen
imrigen, ad-ilint am twacult tameqqṛant n teflest, iwakken ara
issinent amek ara-d feḍḥet yir aselmed n weɛdaw.
aɣawas=plan, asentel=sujet, tamaqqant=relation, imaṣlaḍen=membres, assusel=
ordre, tiskiweṭ=structure, acku=parce que, asekkud iqedsen=sainte doctrine,
imrigen=armes
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Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi :
Vern POYTHRESS, d yiwen uselmad ameqqṛan di Westminster
Theological Seminary, isseǧhed assuɣel-agi n 1 Timuti 3.14-16 deg
wadlis-is, The Church as a Family: Why Male Leadership in the
Family Requires Male Leadership in the Home as Well.
“Bulus nwala amek i d-yesban akken ilaq tamlilt tamenzawit ɣef
usentel n twacult deg wazrug-agi n 1 Timuti 3.14,15: ‘Ɣuri
assirem ur ttɛeṭṭileɣ ara a n-ṛuḥeɣ ad-rnuɣ ɣurek; uriɣ-akin
ayagi akk iwakken ma ɛeṭṭleɣ, a ttisineḍ di tmeṛǧiwt, amek ilaq a
ttili tikli-nneɣ di twacult n Yillu, ittusema di tmezgida n Yillu
yedren. Timezgida yagi tella d ajgu alemmas i d-yesmektayen
tidet, damkan i deg-i tbed tidet akken ilaq.’
Tiseddarin-agi sbanent-ed ayen akk ɣef i tress tebratt-agi.
Tanfalit-agi ‘ayagi akk’ d ayen i d-ihedren ɣef wayen akk yellan
di tebratt-agi di lekmala-ines. Akka ihi tebratt-agi di lekmala
ines, iswi ines akken ara-d tefser amek ilaq a ttili tikli di twacult
n Yillu.
Awal-agi n twacult n Yillu d ayen i d-yessulin yiwet si tiktiyinagi yellan ɣer zdat: tikti n tassaɣt aked Yillu deg ‘waxxam’ naɣ
deg ‘Afakan’ n Yillu naɣ ttikti n yiwet n twacult i ttwadeblen s
Yillu s timad-is. Ɣur-neɣ dagi yiwen wamnaḍ ikenden aṭas ɣef
tikti-nni, belli Illu yezdeɣ di tlemmast n wagdud-is, yellan d
afakan-is (wali 1 At Kurant 3.10-17). Maca mbeɛd amnaḍ-agi n
1 Timuti, tameḍṛant d ussusel aked usefrek d ayen i dibanen
akteṛ. Tabdelt n tmezgida ilaq-as a ttesmehreg ɣef tid-nni n
yiwen waxxam naɣ yiwet tawacult. Nettraju seg imaṣladen n
tmezgida ad-ilin s tidet wa ɣer wa akken llan d imaṣlaḍen di
twaculin-nsen (1 Timuti 5.1-2). Ttwaɛeṛden iwakken ara
ttemḥadaren way gar-asen, ad-bedden ɣer win ixuṣṣen di kra (1
Timuti 5.5,16). Iɛessasen ilaq ad-ilin d irgazen izewṛen i tebdelt
n twacult n Yillu, d wid i d-ibegnen tebdelt-nsen amek xedmen
di twaculin-nsen (1 Timuti 3.1-7).”3
Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi
wezzilen aked ismilen yellan :
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issimlen=citations, tamlilt tamenzawit=role principal, asentel=sujet, azrug=
passage,
tikti
pensée,
tamaqqant=relation,
afakan=temple,
ittwabedlen=
administrée, amnaḍ=contexte, tamedṛant=concept, assusel=ordre, asefrek=gestion,
asmehreg=inspirer, imaṣlaḍen=membres
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Xemmet ɣef iselkamen
Deg idles-agi i deg-i n ttidir, yal-wa yebɣa ad-yesbin
anaɣib-is. Aṭas ass-a n tmezgidatin ig-felsen, belli d ayen isɛan
tixutra tameqqṛant, iwakken ara ḍefṛen L’Inǧil n Yasuɛ. Maca
ḥesben tikli ansa wwin timezgida-nsen, d ayen xtaṛen nutni. Ayagi i
ttbin-ed di tazwara am wayen i deyqen yuɛṛen, iwakken ara yeḍfeṛ
yiwen lewṣayat n Bulus, i d-yefka i tmezgidatin n lqeṛn amezwaru.
Hedṛet ɣef tmessalt-agi deg agrawen, ur tettut ara akken ara-d
bedrem tassaɣt yellan s gar tuṭṭfa deg tidet d wamek ara issefrek
yiwen tudert di tmezgida.
Asentel : Tikli di twacult n Yillu
Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a
tebdum lehdur :
1. Ɣer wacu ixemmem Bulus mi-d iheddeṛ ɣef wamek ilaq a
nḥader ɣef tikli-nneɣ di twacult n Yillu ?
2. Acuɣer lxilaf n timehliyin-agi ɣef tmezgida yellan am yiwet n
twacult isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant ?
3. Yella usemlel yekkan s gar waḥraz n tidett aked ttimehliyin-agi?
S gar waḥraz daɣen aked ttidet, aked ttnagit-nneɣ ɣef Yasuɛ?
tirawt n tiktiyin=notez les idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlen=citations,
selkamen=implications, idles=culture,
anaɣib=style,
tamaqqant=relation,
asefrek=gérer, asentel=sujet, timehliyin=directives, asemlel=lien
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Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehdur :
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Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ.
Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur:
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Snes imenzayen
Tura atan yusa-d lawan i deg ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen
akk i tlemdem d wayen ɣef i thedṛem. Ḥizet akud i yawen
ilaqen i tegzimt-agi.
Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura.
Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen.
Dayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant iwakken ara yegzu yiwen,
tameḍṛant yellan am tsarut n taggnit-agi, yerna ilaq a nekker fellaɣ akken ara nebdut akala ubeddel, n wamek n ttidir zdat tafat-agi
n tamedṛant. Ayagi d ayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant iwakken ur
nɣeffel ara ɣef wayagi, akken ara nermes s tidet-agi i tudert-nneɣ.
Gzulet-ed ayen i tesnem tura ɣef tmezgida yellan am yiwet n twacult
yuɣalen ttiwaculin – yiwen waxxam. Zzegzi tixutra yellan iwakken ara
yeḍfeṛ yiwen timahliyin-agi ass-a. Rnut, tirawt kra ɣef tameḍṛant izemren
a ttbeddel tudert i deg-i tellam t-ttidirem.
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snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, stenfel=développez, asnas=application,
gzu=comprendre, tamedṛant=concept, akala=processus, gzul=commenter, zzegzi=
expliquez, timahliyin=directives
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Iddir di tlemmast n yiwet
n twacult n teflest
Taggnitt 3
Di tallit-nni tamezwarut n tmezgida, sɛan kra n tira i wumi
qqaṛen “Iḍrisen i twacult”. Hedṛen-d i sin ṣṣenfat n yegrawen: I
twaculin n yal yiwen aked ttwaculin i ten-yesdukklen wessiɛen.
Bulus di tebṛatin-is i d-iceggeɛ i tmezgidatin, isseqdec sin ṣsenfatagi n tira. Di tazwara a nebdut akken ara nmuqel ɣer iḍrisen i dihedṛen i twaculin. Dɣa di taggnit ara-d yernun ɣer zdat, an-sekyed
kra n timahliyin, yellan d ayla n Bulus, i ceɣlen d waxxam n Yillu, i
ttusemman ttimezgida di lekmala ines.
Tirawtin i d-ihedṛen i twaculin n yal yiwen, sɛan-t iswi, iwakken
ara-d fkent timahliyin sumata ɣef usentel n tudert n twacult, amek
ilaq ad-sɛun tikli yelhan di twacult tameqqṛant i ten-yesduklen di
tmezgida. Butrus aked Bulus sqedcen imnaḍen n idelsan-nsen,
iwakken ara-d sbinen amek ilaq imaṣlaḍen n twaculin n tmasiḥit, a
ttili tudert-nsen di tmezgida – yellan ttawacult n Yillu. Anaf tlata
iḍrisen-agi i d-ihedṛen i twaculin n yal yiwen di tebṛatin-nni n
lɛahed amaynut: deg Ifasus amedya 5.22 alama 6.9, At Kuluṣ 3.18
alama d 4.1, aked 1 Butṛus 3.1-7. Di taggnit-agi, an-sekyed azrugnni n tira iqedsen yellan di Ifasus. Aqlaɣ n ttidir deg yiwet n tallit
tamessalt n zzwaǧ am akken tḥegger imdanen, atan nettwali di
timetti-nneɣ amek ttbeɛziqent twaculin. Atan rran ayagi am akken
yesɛa amkan deg idles-nsen. Ataya ɣef wacu yesɛa tixutra
tameqqṛant, amedya n zzwaǧ-nneɣ aked lsas n tudert n twaculinnneɣ, ad-sɛunt asehru n wamek i yaɣ yumeṛ Yillu deg wawal-is, a
nili wa d-yili zzwaǧ s tidet.
iḍrisen=textes, sekyed=examiner, timahliyin=directives, iswi=but, sumata=
général, asentel=sujet, imnaḍen=contexte, idelsan=culturel, imaṣlaḍen=membres,
azrug=passage, tallit=époque, timetti=société, asehru=inspiration
32
Lmed tira iqedsen
Ɣeṛ : Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9
Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat :
1. Tzemrem ad-ḥesbem acḥal yellan n tmasitin n yal amaṣlaḍ n
twacult ?
2. Acu yebɣa ad-yini Bulus, mi-d yenna akken ilaq argaz adiḥemmel tameṭṭut-is akken iḥemmel Yasuɛ timezgida ?
3. D acu yebɣa ad-yini Bulus mi-d yenna akken ilaq tameṭṭut a
ttḍuɛ argaz-is ?
4. D acu i danamek ɣer imawlan “ad-ssekren dderya-nsen” asnefken yiwet n “ttṛebga” aked yiwen “tikli” i yaɣ-d yefka Adunay
Yasuɛ ? (asuɣel n tefransist isehlen)
Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen:
Aru-t tigraytin-nwen am yiwet n tgemmunt n tseddarin, naɣ am
yiwen uzenziɣ, naɣ yiwen umazrar n tirawt, naɣ am yiwet n tfelwit.
Xtiṛ-et akken ara wen-yeshel wamek ara thedṛem ɣef wayen. Ur
tettut ara ad-hedṛem ɣef lebɣi n Yillu i yal amaṣlaḍ n twacult. Dɣa
arut-ed yiwen uwennit amecṭuḥ i s’ara-d gzul-eḍ lebɣi n Yillu i
twacult.
Aselmed imedra Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9 :
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amaṣlaḍ=membre, assuɣel=traduction, gzul=résumez, amenzawi=central, izrugen=
passages, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=schéma, amazrar=série, tafelwit=tableau,
awennit=commentaire, aselmed imedra=enseignement fondamentaux
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Sekyed iwenniten
Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat iswi-nsen iwakken ara
kun-ɛiwnen a tegzum akken ilaq ayen i teɣṛam di tira
iqedsen yerna a tdemrem kra iman-nwen, iwakken ara-t xemmem i
yiselkamen n uselmed-agi.
Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ n Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9,
txemmeḍ ɣef wayen akk yellan deg-s :
Am waken i d-nenna yakan di tazwart, llan tlata “iḍrisen ɣef
twacult” di tebṛatin i d-ittwacegɛen i tmezgidatin, sin d ayen i dyura Bulus ma d wis tlata s ɣur Butṛus. Izrugen-agi n tira iqedsen
llan am tsura araɣ yeɛɛiwnen akken ara negzu aɣawas n Yillu ɣef
twacult. Ur ilaq ara a nettu belli ccɣul n Bulus iwakken ara iweḥḥi
ad-yettwassen lebɣi n Yillu ɣef waxxam-is. Deg wazrug-agi n tira
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iqedsen, Bulus iɛellem-ed yiwen uzarig n tikli ilaqen i twaculin.
Ittusema d-izarigen-agi id-iskanayen abrid, dayen yellan daɣen di
lebɣi n Yasuɛ, i twaculin yeṭṭfen amur di twacult-is tameqqṛant,
yellan ttimezgida. Ihi yal timezgida ilaq-as a tteḍfeṛ lewṣayat-agi n
Yillu.
Lebni n wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen d ayen isehlen at-yegzu yiwen.
Bulus am akken iheddeṛ srid i yal amaṣlaḍ n twacult: tameṭṭut,
argaz, arraw-nsen, ibabaten, aklan, aked babit-nsen. Ihi tixutra n
twacult d ayen i d-ittwaqedmen di lekmala ines, yerna ayagi yal
yiwen seg wemkan-is. Bulus iheddeṛ-ed di tazwara ɣef tin yellan s
ddaw unesdabu, dɣa yerna-d i win yesɛan tamasit n unesdabu-yagi!
Tulawin ittefk fell-asent, akken ara ilint s ddaw unesdabu n
yergazen-nsen. Tarwa ittefk fell-asen iwakken ara ttaɣen awal i
yimawlan-nsen. Aklan ittefk ad-ilin s ddaw unesdabu n babit-nsen.
Irgazen ittefk fell-asen ad-ḥemlen tulawin-nsen.
I babaten ttwaɛerden iwakken ara ṛebbin arraw-nsen s taẓiḍert,
ibabiten n waklan ad-sɛun lḥenna ɣursen. Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen
nwala amek yeqsed srid tadukli n twacult. Udren-d ibabiten, d
waklan, imi zik-nni llant twaculin yesɛan aklan iqedcen fell-asen,
skanayen-asen ayen ilaqen ad-ittwaxdem. Yerna wigi sɛan amkannsen di twaculin. Ataya ɣef wacu ilaq ad-yettwanefk lewṣayat i
lɣaci-yagi meṛṛa. imi tadukli tbeddu seg xxamen, di twaculin-nsen
uqbel ad-yekcem ɣer twacult tameqqṛant n Yillu. Lewṣayat i d-yefka
ɣef waklan d babit-nsen izmer ad-yefk yiwen anamek-nsent akken
ilaq, deg idelsan anda yella wayagi ɣer wass-a. izrugen-agi n tira
iqedsen llan-d dagi iwakken ara-d hedṛen s yiwet n talɣa tamaynut
ɣef waklan.
Llan wid yeqqaṛen belli ayen yuran deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen
yezmer ad-ittwakemmel anagar deg idelsan-nni n tmezgida yellan si
tazwara. Ihi ayagi atan yella d-agur. Walit akken ilaq timeḍṛaninagi. Tamezwarut, Bulus weklen-as-d ccɣul iwakken ara iruḥ adizzegzi amek tella tebdelt n Yasuɛ ɣef twaculin yellan d ayla n Yillu
yerna ḥerzent tidett di ddunit. Daya i gexdem Bulus dagi – “Iqeɛɛed
kullec” yal tawacult di teflest. Tis snat, Iswi n tebṛatt kamel n
Ifasus, ilaq a stefkem amkan tuklal. Bulus isselmad i yimaṣlaḍen n
tmezgida n Ifasus, amek ilaq a ttili tikli umasiḥi. Azrug-agi n tira
iqedsen, yella deg-s umur ameqqṛan lewṣayat ɣef waya, imi ulac
sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, iswi=but, gzu=comprendre,
izrugen=passages, isnasen=implications, iḍrisen=textes, aɣawas=plan, srid=direct,
amaṣlaḍ=membre, anesdabu=autorité, tamasit=responsabilité, taẓiḍert=patience,
talɣa=forme
35
afraq di tutlayt tagrikit s gar Ifasus 5.21 akk ttseddaṛt tis 22. Llan
wid i d-yekren nnan belli azrug-agi n tira iqedsen ur isselmad ara
belli ilaq tulawin ad-ilint s ddaw unesdabu n yergazen-nsent, maca
qqaṛen ilaq ad-ilin ɛedlen am wargaz am tmeṭṭut, ad-ttemqadaṛen.
Di tama ayagi yella ttidet nettwaɛṛeḍ iwakken ara n ttemqadaṛ way
gar-aneɣ, dayen i yaɣ-d isselmed Bulus ɣer tagara n tagzimt
iɛeddan, di Ifasus 5.21. Ur ilaq ara nettu belli yal yiwen deg-neɣ i
ttefk ad-ikemmel tamasit-is! Acuɣeṛ ? Ɣef umentil n Yasuɛ: Di
tseddaṛt tis 21 inna-d: “Di taggadin n Yasuɛ”. Irgazen i ttefk fellasen ad-zwiren i twaculin-nsen, ad-ḥemlen tulawin-nsen. Tulawin
ttwaɛerdent daɣen, iwakken ara ḍefrent irgazen-nsent, yerna atenttqadaṛent. Tarwa ilaq ad-ttaɣen awal i yimawlan-nsen, babaten ilaq
ad-bedden ɣer tamasit-nsen akken ara ṛebbin arraw-nsen wa senslemden abrid ilaqen n ṛruḥ. Aklan ilaq ad-ilin s ddaw unesdabu n
babit-nsen, i babit-nsen ilaq ad-sɛun leḥnana ɣef waklan-nsen.
Ayagi meṛṛa ad-ittwaxdem “ɣef umentil n Yasuɛ”.
Anefk i yiman-nneɣ tamessalt-agi yellan ɣef zdat: Acu n ṣṣwab
yesɛa wazrug-ama di tirawtin ama di tebṛatin n Bulus ? Aɛni
iheddeṛ-ed akka imi ur iḥemmel ara tulawin aked d imecṭuḥen?
Aɛni yeǧǧa iman-is iwakken ara-t yeɣleb idles n lweqt-is, yerna
imiren tulawin ur sɛint ara akk azal ? Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen d
ayen ibanen: D Yasuɛ i d’amedya ikemlen ilaq a neḍfeṛ. Ayagi mačči
s tiṭ n idles ara-t n muqel. Argaz ilaq ad-iḥemmel tameṭṭut-is akken
i yaɣ iḥemmel Yasuɛ alami yefka tudert-is fell-aneɣ. Ilaq a ttiɛuz.
Ilaq ad-ibedd akken ilaq ɣer ttrebga n warraw-is s taẓḍert. Acuɣeṛ
llant lewṣayat-agi meṛṛa? Acku Yasuɛ yesɛa aɣawas ɣef wagdud-is.
Aɣawas-agi yesɛa d lsas timezgida yellan ttawacult n twaculin.
Amek ara telḥu Timezgida akken ilaq, m’ara illint twaculin meṛṛa
yellan deg-s teddunt s tikli ilaqen. Di kra yellan Illu yesbed lameṛ,
ma neḍfeṛ lameṛ-is, ad-yili kullec yelha ama di twaculin ama di
tmezgida.
M’ara i ttmuqul yiwen timetti n utrim acu yesɛan azal ɣures,
ayen akk yellan d agi as-yili am akken d adrug, ɣef wacu ? Acku
idles-nneɣ i ttqeddim-asen ttebcira ixulfen aṭas ayagi. Atan timetti
teṭṭef abrid yezzin s waɛrur i lewṣayat n tṛebbaniyin. D acu i
zemren ad-yennulfu seg wayagi ? Atan tiwaculin ttbeɛziqent,
anesdabu i ttcerrig, atan n ssufuɣ-ed yiwen n lǧil imecṭuḥen ur
nessin dacu yelhan, ur sɛin ṭṭbiɛa, ur thennan, atan uɣalen d
ibeṛraniyen di twaculin-nsen, yal-wa ansa ijebbed, ur ssinen amek
idelsan=culture, timeḍṛanin=concepts, zzegzi=expliquer, tebdelt=administration,
imaṣlaḍen=membres, tagzimt=section, tamasit=responsabilité, amentil=cause,
anesdabu=autorité, taẓḍeṛt=patience, aɣawas=plan
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ilaq attili tawacult. Yeffeɣ-ed yiwen wadlis isɛan azal ameqqṛan ɣef
usentel-agi n twaculin yebɛezqen bḍan-t, d adlis-nni n David
BLANKENHORN, Fatherless America: Confronting our Most Urgent
Social Problem. Akken-kan ara iṛuḥ ubabat ad-yeǧǧ tamasit-is n
uɣella n twacult iḥemmel, atan dɣa ad-yebdu ifessex kra kra si
twacult a ttruḥ tticeqqufin, a ttelḥeq ulama ttawacult tameqqṛant
yedduklen. Ayen iḍerrun akka, am wayen yellan akken di Promise
Keepers ur ufin d acu ara segmen deg-neɣ, ma yella neɣfel ur neḍfiṛ
ara lewṣayat n Yasuɛ, i d-yefka ama i twaculin ama i tmezgidatin.
Yasuɛ yesɛa yiwen uɣawas i tmezgida-s, yella deg uɣawas-agi
lawṣayat ilaqen ad-ḍefṛen imaṣlaḍen n twacult yedduklen. Yettṛaju
seg-neɣ iwakken ara neḍfeṛ lewṣayat-is. Yesɛa taɣẓint yelhan
iwakken araɣ-d yefk lewṣayat-agi.
Tirawt: Ihi deg uwennit-agi ɣef usentel n wazrug n Ifasus, a
nɛeṭṭel anagar ɣef kra n lewṣayat i d-ihedṛen ɣef yergazen
ttwaculin. Ad-nuɣal alama d azrug-agi deg sin idlisen n Amazrar 2
Asseǧhed n zzwaǧ : imenzayen imedra n zzwaǧ d usɛeddi n wayen
isɛan azal : imenzayen imedra n tudert n twacult, a nwali dɣa ɣef
liqṛib d acu i d anamek n imeslayen-agi, snil, ḥemmel, qadeṛ, a
nwali daɣen timedṛatin-nneɣ ttassaɣtin n twaculin.
Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi.
Awennit-agi yellan ɣer zdat d ayen i d-ittwajebden deg wadlis
ameqqṛan n Stephen B. CLARK, Man and Woman in Christ : An
Examination of the Roles of Men and Women in Light of Scripture
and the Social Sciences. D yiwen n ccɣul ameqqṛan n 800 tewṛiqin,
iwala akken iwqem timedṛanin akk ɣef usentel n yaḍrisen n
twacult, ama ttawacult n yal yiwen ama ttimezgida. Yerna amaskar,
isbeggen-ed belli anadi akk yellan ɣur yemdanen, di tmusni-nsen d
ayen i d-yesbanen akteṛ tamusni tameqqṛant n uɣawas n Yasuɛ i
twacult aked ttmezgida.
“Ifasus 5.22-33, azrug-agi ines yella am yiwet n tyuga d win n At
Kuluṣ 3.18-19, ayagi d ayen iweṣfen yiwen n tegzimt n tebṛat i
wumi nezmer as-nefk isem n ‘Angal n twacult’ (Haustafel).
Izrugen-agi n Ifasus d at Kuluṣ yella deg-sen i snin yiwen
umazrar n lewṣayat ɣef usentel n tulawin, yergazen, tarwa,
timetti utrim=société occidentale, adrug=mystère, idles=culture, tiṛebbaniyin=
divines, anesdabu=autorité,
tamasit=responsabilité, aɣella=chef, aɣawas=plan,
imaṣlaḍen=membres,
taɣẓint=raison,
awennit=commentaire,
asentel=sujet,
azrug=passage, amazrar=série, imenzayen imedra=principes fondamentaux,
anamek=sens,
snil=diriger,
timedṛatin=concepts,
tassaɣt=relation,
ismilen=citations, amaskar=auteur
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imawlan, aklan akk d babit-nsen. Lewṣayat-agi d ayen inezmer
daɣen anwali di 1 Butṛus, yefka-d ula d netta lewṣayat am tigi.
Ingalen n twaculin yellan di Ifasus akk di Kuluṣ, d win daɣen n
1 Butṛus, dduklen akk deg yiwen uselmed ameqqṛan, anda
nezmer anaf daɣen tigezmin n tebṛatin-nni i d-ittwacegɛen i wid
ittḍebbiṛen di tmezgida. Llan daɣen iḍrisen i d-yekkan s ɣur i
babaten n tmezgida, i sselmaden i yimasiḥiyen amek ara qablen
tassaɣtin yesɛan azal ameqqṛan ɣef usentel n lebɣi n Yillu. Ataya
ayen sɛan d aɣbel isselmaden n tmezgida n lqeṛn amezwaru,
fkan amkan i tassaɣtin sselmaden i yimasiḥiyen imaynuten.
Sselmaden ɣef wamek ilaq ad-ilint kra n tassaɣtin s gar wargaz
ttmeṭṭut, yellan d amur yeqnen ɣer uselmed ameqqṛan. I dittwanefken i yimasihiyen merra, ɣef tassaɣt n yal yiwen. D ayen
inezmer anaf deg xilla imukan di lɛahed amaynut. Ingalen n
twacult yellan di Ifasus akk di at Kuluṣ, ṭṭfen daɣen di tegziminnni ɣezzifen (yebdan si Ifasus 4.1 d At Kuluṣ 3.1 naɣ 2.8)
nezmer as-nefk isem i wayagi: ‘Amek ilaq a nili di tafekka n
Yasuɛ ?’ Deg Ifasus, tagzimt-agi ɣezzifen tebda s yiwet n lewṣaya
amek ilaq ad-yidir yiwen di tdukli am yiwen umaṣlaḍ n tfekka.
Yella waṭas ara yesɛu ad-yini yiwen ɣef usentel n tudert taqdimt
d tudert tamaynut, ɣef tayri daɣen ilaqen a ttili way gar-aneɣ di
Yasuɛ. Ad-bin di tudert-nneɣ leqdisa, s wamek ara-d yernu
‘wangal n twacult’. Uqbel azrug-agi n tira iqedsen, iban-ed
ussusel di zzwaǧ, Bulus yefka-d lewṣayat-agi: ‘ma yella terfam, ur
ɣellit ara deg ubekkaḍ, ad-irres wurrif-nwen uqbel ad-yeɣli yiṭij…
Akk ttimeṛẓegt, assenǧeɛ, urrif, d leɛyaḍ, d rregmat: Qecɛet ayagi
meṛṛa s garawen, akk d kra n wayen yellan d irrit… Illit d wid
yelhan ad-yili wagzu way gar-awen, ad-yili ussuref wa ɣer wa am
wakken i yaɣ issuref Yillu di Yasuɛ.’ Nezmer a nwali deg wayagi
kk lewṣayat ɣef ussusel ttissaɣtin ilaqen, ad-ilint s gar wargaz
ttmeṭṭut-is, aselmed daɣen ɣef usentel n tudert tamasiḥit
sumata. Argaz ttmeṭṭut ttwaɛerḍen iwakken ara iddiren zzwaǧnsen akken yella lameṛ n Yillu, am wargaz am tmeṭṭut ilaq adrren di rrif timeṛẓegt, assenǧeɛ, urrif d lecɣal meṛṛa n ddiri, ilaq
ad-ilin di kra yellan lhan wa ɣer wa.
Ataya amek ‘angal n twacult’ n Ifasus (akk d win n At Kuluṣ) ur
d-bdiren ara timedṛanin-agi irkul ɣef usentel n tisssaɣtin.
Tagzimt-agi yella deg-s ṣṣenf-nni n lewṣayat i d-ihedṛen ɣef
ussusel ilaqen ad-yili di tissaɣtin.”4
angal=code, izrugen=passages, amazrar=série, asentel=sujet, tiggezmin=section,
iḍrisen=textes, tissaɣtin=relations, amaṣlaḍ=membre, assusel=ordre, timeṛẓegt=
amertume, wagzu=compréhension, assuref=pardon, timeḍṛanin=concepts
38
Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi
wezzilen aked ismilen yellan:
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Xemmet ɣef iselkamen
Am waken i d-nenna yakan uqbel, idles yellan tura di
utrim, d ayen i ttdemmiren seg amdanen, iwakken ara
ḍeggṛen aselmed ɣef usentel n tamasit n wargaz ttmeṭṭut, imi ayagi
d ayen yellan mgal wayen teḥseb timetti yesɛa azal. Aselmed-agi
yezmer ad-ibin am wayen ara iḥersen yiwen iwakken ara yeqleb
ayen yellan ɣures d imedra. Tin n ṣṣeḥ dagi, d tamessalt n
unesdabu aked ttamasit. Maca ayagi d ayen ur d-nettbin ara dima
imi timetti tkenned ɣef lḥeq d wayen yuḥwaj wamdan, dayen i
txeddem timetti ur tefki ara lqima ilaqen i wunesdabu, yerna tekker
tiktiyin=idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlen=citations
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maḍi mgal yal ṣṣenf n unesdabu. Hedṛet ɣef wamek ilaq a ttesɛu
tikli twacult s yaḍrisen-agi n tira iqedsen, amek ilaq a ttidir s
lewṣayat-agi deg wamnaḍ n tayri, aked leqdeṛ way gar-aneɣ, aked
ttassaɣt ara-d yegglun s leḥnana. Hedret daɣen ɣef umaṭṭaf yellan s
gar tawacult yesɛan tabdelt yelhan akk d ussusel di twacult n
twaculin, i ttusemman ttimezgida anda nella.
Asentel: Iselkamen d lewṣayat i tdukli n twacult
Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a
tebdum lehduṛ :
1. Acu yella ɣer ɣurwen, wayen yeqsed Yasuɛ mi-d yefka lewṣayat
akka, ɣef usentel n tadukli n twacult ?
2. Acu n tassaɣt yellan s gar ussusel di tlemmast n twacult aked
ussusel di tlemmast n twacult n twaculin, i ttusemman
ttimezgida anda nella ?
3. Dacu ara yeḍṛun ma yella nuggi lemṣayat-agi n tira iqedsen, ma
yella amedya neǧǧa yal-wa ad-yexdem ayen yebɣa-kan di
twacult?
4. Acu ara yedṛun di tmezgida ma yella ur negzi ara tixutra n
tudert n lewṣayat-agi n Yasuɛ, akken ara nḥemmel lɣiṛ-nneɣ ?
Tirawt n tiriritin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin-agi uqbel a tebdum lehdur :
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iselkamen=implications, idles=culture, utrim=occident, asentel=sujet, tamasit=
responsabilité, mgal=contre, timetti=société, imedra=fondamentale, anesdabu=
autorité, amnaḍ=contexte, amaṭṭaf=lien, tabdelt=administrée, assusel=ordre,
gzu=comprendre
40
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Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ
Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur:
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Snes imenzayen
Ataya tura yusa-d lawan i deg ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen i
tlemden d wayen ɣef thedrem. Ḥizet lweqt ilaqen i
tezgzemt-agi.
Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura.
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Izmer ad-yili amedya belli talemmast n twacult anda idttwaṛebbam tegmam-d, ulac dinna lebɣi n Yasuɛ ɣef tudert n
twacult amek ilaq a ttili. Yezmer daɣen ad-yili belli amuqel-nwen
ɣef twacult amek ilaq a ttili ur teɛdil ara ttin n tira iqedsen. Ahat
tuḥwajem iwakken ara tbedlem abrid i tmaqqant-nwen yellan s gar
wargaz ttmeṭṭut, d ayen izemren daɣen akun-yawi wayen a ttwalim
tawacult-nwen s tmuɣli nniḍen tamaynut ?
Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen.
Di lewseɛ-agi i yawen i ttwaheggan, arut tktiyin i yawen-d
ibanen, m’ara twalim amek tella tikli n twacult-nwen tura d wamek
tella tikli n twacult di lebɣi n Yasuɛ.
Gzul-ed amek tella tura tikli n twacult-nwen d wamek ilaq a ttili tikli n
twacult di lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Arut daɣen tiktiyin n wayen akk ilaqen at-iseggem
yiwen.
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snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, tpegzimt=section, sneflet yiwen wasnas=
développez une application, tiktiyin=idées, gzul=résumez
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Iddir di tlemmast
n twacult n twaculin
Taggnitt 4
Nenna-d yakan di taggnitin iɛeddan belli llant kra n tira i dittwaqesden srid i twacult. Iḍrisen-agi ttwaferqen ɣef sin yegrawen:
Wid i d-ittwanefken i twacult d wid i d-ittwanefken n twacult n
twaculin, yedduklen di tmezgida. Di taggnit-agi iɛeddan, nehdeṛ-ed
ɣef wid-nni i d-ittwanefken i twacult. Ma di tagzimt-agi a nerfed
akud ilaqen ɣef iḍrisen-nni i d-ihedṛen ɣef twacult tameqqṛant
yellan di timezgida. Tibṛatin n imeksawen n tmezgida (1 akk 2
Timuti, Tit) yella deg-sent umazrar n lewṣayat ɣef usentel n
twacult-agi tameqqṛant i ttusemman ttimezgida – tawacult n
twaculin. Iḍrisen-agi i d-ihedṛen i tmezgida am yiwet n twacult,
sbanen-d ɣer tafat amek ilaq a ttili tuddsa n tassaɣtin, d ayen
iqerben aṭas iḍrisen-nni n twacult. Iḍrisen-agi hedṛen mačči kan i
tulawin d yergazen-nsent maca i yal ṣṣenf n imaṣlaḍen n twalut-agi
tameqqṛant : Iqbuṛen d iqeddacen, d yemɣaṛen, ttemɣaṛin,
ilemẓiyen, ttlemẓiyin, aked ttuǧǧal. Azrug i ten-yugaren akk si tama
n imedra d win n Tit: at-nelmed di taggnit-agi.
Lmed tira iqedsen
Ɣeṛ : Tit 2.1-15
Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi ara yilin ɣer zdat:
1. Acu n lewṣayat i d-ittwanefken i yemɣaṛen ? I temɣaṛin? I
tlemẓiyin ? D ilemẓiyen ?
2. Deg wacu i yaɣ-d sbanen lewṣayat-agi amek yebɣa Yillu a ttili
tudert n tmezgidatin ?
3. Acu n usemlil i twalam yella s gar ṣṣenf n tikli-yagi aked ttnagit
yelhan n tmezgida di ddunit ?
srid=direct, iḍrisen=textes, amazrar=série, asentel=sujet, tuddsa=organisation,
tassaɣt=relation,
imaṣlaḍen=membres,
iqbuṛen=anciens,
azrug=passage,
imedra=fondamentaux, asemlil=lien
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Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen:
Aru-t tigraytin-nwen am tgemmunt n tseddarin, naɣ am yiwen
uzenziɣ, naɣ yiwen umazrar n tirawt, naɣ am yiwet n tfelwit. Xtiṛet akken ara wen-yeshel wamek ara thedṛem ɣef wayen. Ur tettut
ara iwakken ara-d tefkem awennit-nwen ɣef yal ṣṣenf n tassaɣt
yellan di tlemmast n twacult-agi tameqqṛant. D acu i yaɣ-d sbanen-t
tassaɣtin-agi, zdat wayen yebna Yasuɛ, i tudert n twacult-agi
tameqqṛant, yellan ttimezgida-s ? Acu yellan s gar lebni yagi aked
ttnagit n tmezgida imi-d yessawel Yasuɛ a ttawi tanagit i wid yellan
beṛṛa ?
Aselmed imedra n Tit 2.1-15 :
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gzul=résumez,
amenzawi=central,
izrugen=passages,
azenziɣ=schéma,
amazrar=série,
tafelwit=tableau,
tassaɣtin=relations, imedra=fondamentaux
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tigraytin=conclusions,
awennit=commentaire,
Sekyed iwenniten
Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat akken ara kun-ɛiwnen a
tegzum akken ilaq izrugen n tira iqedsen, awen-ṭṭfen
daɣen ifassen akken ara txemmem ɣef iselkamen n uselmed.
Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ n Tit 2.1-15 txemmeḍ ɣef
wayen akk yellan deg-s :
Azrug-agi n Tit 2.1-15 yella deg wul n tebṛat n Bulus i d-yura i
yiwen uqeddac ameqqṛan ixeddmen yides, d Tit. Tabṛatt-agi tura s
tawila n lweqt-nni - Iḍrisen n twacult – d ayen ittwaqesden i
twacult akk yellan di tmezgida. Iban dagi amek i d-iheddeṛ i
twaculin akk yedduklen di tmezgida. Di Tit 1.5, Bulus inna-d i Tit
yeǧǧa di tigzirt n Kritus, akken ara “ikemmel wa-d iqeɛɛed assusel i
mazal” di tmezgidatin. Iban deg wayagi belli assiwel ines iwakken
ara ikemmel i ccɣul i mazal di tmezgidatin-agi. Walan belli tudert
yellan di tmezgidatin-agi, ur yellli ara “ussusel” akken yella lebɣi n
Yasuɛ. Bulus iweṣṣa ihi Tit iwakken ara yesbed imeqqṛanen di yal
tmezgida. Ilaq ad-inadi irgazen ur nesɛin acema ulummu, wid
izemren ad-bedden akken ilaq ɣer twaculin-nsen, yerna d wid
yesnen lewṣayat n Yasuɛ, iwakken ara zemren ad-qablen wid ara-d
yekren mgal, ad-bɣun ad-bedlen ayen suselmed nniḍen. Acuɣeṛ ?
Acku ad-assen wid ara yerwin tiwaculin kamel s yir aselmed-nsen.
Timezgida tuwaj imḍebṛen-nni yesnen amek ara bedden akken ilaq
ɣer twaculin-nsen, am wakken yella uselmed-nni n ṣṣeḥ s wayes
izemren ad-ɛiwnen wid yerwin s yir aselmed. Ataya ayen izemren
aɣ-iɛiwen, akken ara negzu acuɣeṛ yesbed ayagi Yasuɛ i twacult.
Irgazen ibedden akken iwqem ɣer twaculin-nsen, ttwaɛerḍen
iwakken ara uɣalen d imaṣlaḍen n wagraw imeqqṛanen, ara i
ttḥadaren tawacult tameqqṛant, timezgida. Ataya acu ara yefken
ifadden akteṛ i tmezgida, akken ara teṭṭef dima deg wayen i yaɣ
isselmed Yasuɛ.
Dɣa Bulus yezzi tura ɣer imaṣlaḍen merra yellan di tmezgida,
ihdeṛ-asen-d srid am waken yexdem yakan deg iḍrisen-nni ɣef
usentel n twacult di Ifasus. Di Ifasus nwala amek i d-iheddeṛ i
tulawin d yergazen, tarwa, i babaten d waklan akk d babit-nsen; ma
yella d tura atan iheddeṛ-ed i yemɣaṛen, timɣaṛin, tilemẓiyin aked
ilemẓiyen. Yebda azrug-agi n tira iqedsen, ad-ijbed lbal-nsen ɣef
uselmed ines n “ṣṣeḥ” : Ittusema asekkud yeṣfan ilaqen ad-yekcem
sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, iswi=but, gzu=comprendre,
izrugen=passages, isnasen=implications, asentel=sujet, tawila=style, iḍrisen=
textes, assusel=ordre, imaṣlaḍen=membres, srid=direct
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kamel di tudert-nsen. Yettraju seg amɣaṛen iwakken ara-d sbinen
temɣuṛ-nsen di ṭbiɛa aked tteflest-nsen. Timɣaṛin daɣen ilaq adbegnen-t amek ṭfent deg Yillu, yerna ad-ilint ttid iwejden akken ara
ttqadaṛent anesdabu, ad-wexṛent ɣef uɛiwed n yir lehduṛ, adslemdent i tlemẓiyin amek ilaq a ttili tikli yelhan di twaculin-nsent
aked di twacult tameqqṛant, timezgida. Ilemẓiyen akk d yemɣaṛen,
ilaq ad-ilin qeɛden di kra yellan ama di ṭṭbiɛa ama di teflest-nsen,
Bulus yerna belli ilaq ad-ttwaɛqalen ɣer lecɣal-nsen yelhan. D ayen
i d-ittwasutren ulama i waklan amek ilaq a ttili tikli-nsen, di
twacult-nsen tameqqṛant n teflest – ilaq-asen ad-ttqadaṛen aɣella n
twacult imi ttwaweklen-as.
Walit acḥal ttanqiṭ deg wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, i d-ihedṛen ɣef
wamek ilaq a ttili tikli-nneɣ di tmezgida. Irgazen ilaq ad-ilin
ǧehden di teflest. Ayagi d ayen isɛan azal ameqqṛan imi d nutni imi
tettwawekkel twacult-nsen, iwakken ara ḥadren amer ad-skecmen
yir aselmed ɣer tmezgida ara iḍuṛren wiyyiḍ (Tit 1.10-11).
Timɣaṛin ilaq ad-ḥadrent iwakken ur yettili ara di twacult urway –
ara-d iṣeḍfeṛ uɛiwed n lehduṛ naɣ ma yella lebɛeḍ n teslit ur nufi
ara lferḥ di tudert n twacult. Walit dagi, Bulus ur d-yenni ara mačči
d ayen ilaqen i tmeṭṭut iwakken ara tesɛu leqdic beṛṛa i wexxam-is,
maca tettwaɛṛeḍ maḍi, iwakken ara tkemmel tamasit-is imi d nettat
i gellan d “Ul” n wexxam. Iswi amezwaru n lewṣayat-agi iwakken
ara ḍemnent tudert yeṣfan i tmezgida, a ttili di talwit, yal taɣewsiwt
seg wemkan-is.
Tikti nniḍen izemren aɣtili d azarig ilaqen a neḍfeṛ, iwakken ara
nesɛu tudert n lḥeqq d ṣwab. Ayagi ittusema ttudert i deg-i qeɛɛed
kullec. Ayagi akk yella-d ɣef taɣzint n wayen i d-nebder yakan
uqbel: iwakken ara nesɛu tudert iferḥen di tmezgida iqedsen,
teǧhed di kra yella imi tṛeṣṣa ɣef uselmed n Yasuɛ. Maca ayagi ur i
ttɣima ara dagi-kan. Mektit-ed acu tella tuɣḍaṭ-nneɣ, iwakken ara
nṛuḥ a nner leǧnas meṛṛa d inelmaden. M’ara nili d inigan idumen
di tmezgida, ittusema wayagi d yiwen umur yesɛan tixutra
tameqqṛant n tuɣḍaṭ-nni. M’ara tili tudert-nneɣ ama di twacult ama
di tmezgida d ayen iqeɛden yecbeḥ wamek i neṭṭef deg Yillu, ayagi d
ayen izemren ad-yejbed wiyyiḍ ɣer L’Inǧil n Adunay Yasuɛ. Walit
amek yettfakka lewṣayat-is Bulus:
“Iwakken awal n Yillu ur yettwaḥqaṛ ara” (Tit 2.5)
“…iwaken daɣen ixṣimen-nneɣ aten-iɣum uḥeccem” (Tit 2.8)
“Iwakken aselmed n Yillu am sellek-nneɣ ad-yesɛu ccan” (Tit 2.10)
asekkud=doctrine, anesdabu=autorité, aɣella=chef, azrug=passage, tamasit=
responsabilité, iswi=but, taɣẓint=raison, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, tixutra=importance
46
Tikli d tudert-nneɣ nesɛa, di twacult yellan ttimezgida, d ayen
izemren ad-yesken imedden amek yella L’Inǧil n Adunay Yasuɛ.
Akka daɣen ɣef usentel n tudert nesɛa deg xxamen-nneɣ. Mačči d
lehbala ayagi ? Amedya, m’ara nettmuqul ass-a acḥal d axxam
yerwin, deg idles utrim. Ayagi d ayen araɣ-d yefken a nweɛɛi
taggnit, iwakken ara nesɛu nekkni tanagit yelhan, iǧehden m’araɣd ttwalin at ddunit amek n ttidir.
Ilaq-aɣ uwennit-agi aneggaru. Kra yeqqaṛen, umnen belli
lewṣayat-agi akk mačči i nekkni ass-a imi-d ttwanefken-t. Beddet
kra akken ara twalim acu yuran di Tit 2.15. Amek ara t-id yini
yiwen akteṛ n wayagi ? Di tmezgidatin anda ittunefk i Tit “Adikemmel assusel i mazal ur yekfi ara”, ur yeǧǧi yiwen akken ara
“yekreh” aselmed ines. Ilaq-as ad-yehdeṛ s unesdabu-nni ikemlen.
Win ara ikerhen aselmed-agi ass-a, atan yekreh daɣen aselmed n
Bulus, win ikerhen aselmed n Bulus yella wayagi am win ikerhen
aɣawas n Yasuɛ ɣef twacult aked ttmezgida-s.
Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi :
Gene GETZ aṭas i tiḥesben am yiwen ubabat n umassu amaynut n
tmezgidatin yellan tura di Marikan. Aṭas n yadlisen i d-yessufeɣ ɣef
usentel n imenzayen n Lɛahed amaynut aked ttmezgidatin. Ccɣul n
wayen akk i d-yura d ayen yellan s tidett d lsas iǧehden, yebnan ɣef
tira iqedsen. Yefka-d yiwen ussuɣel ɣef tebṛatt n Tit deg wadlis-is
imi qqaṛen Dimensions d’un Chrétien, Tite. (Aseggiw n umasiḥi,
Tit)
“Tikti talemmast n Bulus di tebṛatt-agi meṛṛa i d-yura i Tit,
nezmer a nwali deg-s war assurdu belli yebɣa ad-yefk lewṣef n
wamek ilaq a ttili tudert tamasiḥit, d wamek daɣen yella lebɣi n
Yillu i twacult-is yellan ttimezgida. Aɣbel n Bulus iwakken ara-d
ifḍeḥ tudert-nni icemten n yir ṭebbat n tira. Bulus yebɣa adyessakki imasiḥiyen n Kritus ur ɣeflen ara, ad-ḥadren imannsen fell-asen. Bulus aɣbel agi yella deg wul-is, mi wekkel Tit adyeqqim di Kritus, iwakken ara ‘iqeɛɛed assusel n wayen i mazal
ur yekfi ara.’ (Tit 1.5).
Ṭebbat-agi n tikerkas, qqaṛen belli ‘nessen Illu’, Bulus inna-d
fell-asen : ‘Nekṛen Illu banen di lecɣal-nsen… ur zmiren adxedmen ayen yelhan’. (Tit 1.16)
asentel=sujet,
idles=culture,
utrim=occidental,
awennit=commentaire,
assusel=ordre, anesdabu=autorité, aɣawas=plan, issimlat=citations, umassu=
mouvement, imenzayen=principes, assuɣel=interprète, war assurdu=sans doute,
ifḍeḥ=dénoncer
47
Tasudest i d-yufa Bulus iwakken ara yefru ayagi, ilaq ad-sbedden
imeqqṛanen di Kritus, ara izemren ad-qablen yir tazrirt n wigi i
d-yekren mgal tmezgida, ad-sɛun tudert iɛeǧben i Yillu. Ataya
ɣef wacu Bulus ur iɛeṭṭel ara inna-d di lebda yakan n tebṛatt-is,
isban-ed ayen akk ilaqen at-yesɛu n umarkid di tudert-is yal
aɣella n ṛruḥ, ad-yettbin wayagi akk di tudert-is n yal ass.
Ad-yili d amedya n wamek ilaq ad-yidir yiwen, yerna ad-yebnu
wayagi akk ɣef usekkud iqedsen (ayen ɣef i yefles). Akka ihi ara
yili ‘uselmed n ṣṣeḥ’ d ayen ara ten-yawin ɣer imasiḥiyen
imaynuten, aten-ɛiwnen, akken ara issinen ula d nutni amek
ara ḍegren ayen akk ara-d yekken s ɣur iselmaden n tikerkas.
Tasudest tamezwarut n Bulus zdat wagur-agi mačči iwakken ara
isselmed anagar ‘asekkud iqedsen’. maca amer akka, tili igebda
si zzik, yerna tili i d-yesban yal taɣewsiwt akken ilaq ɣef
‘usekkud iqedsen’. Ad-yehdeṛ ɣef usekkud akken iwqem ɣer zdat
deg ixef wis sin, Maca Bulus yessen d acu ixeddem. Yextaṛ
iwakken ara-d yesbin tura ayen ilaqen ad-yeḍfeṛ asekkud
iqedsen.
Ayen i yaɣ-d iqedem dagi Bulus di tebṛat-is d ayen araɣ yeɛiwnen
a nisin yiwen wazgal yellan mazal ɣer wass-a deg wagrawen
imasiḥiyen. Aṭas seg-sen ig-felsen, yerna sselmaden ayen qqaṛen
belli ‘asekkud iqedsen’ d ayen i ttawin amdan war leɛtab,
iwakken ara yeqbel ad-yidir tudert iɛeǧben i Yillu. Amer ayagi d
ayen yellan ttidet, tili Bulus ur iḥaz ara qṛib amur ameqqṛan n
tebṛat-is, iwakken ara-d yehdeṛ ɣef wayen akk ilaqen ad-yeddu d
usekkud iqedsen – amek ilaq ad-yidir umasiḥi, ama d imḍebṛen
ama d imaṣlaḍen-kan n tfekka n Yasuɛ. Ayagi d ayen araɣ yawin
srid ɣer umur wis sin n tebṛat n Bulus. ‘Ahdeṛ’, i d-yenna Bulus,
‘am wakken yella uselmed n ṣṣeḥ’ (2.1).
Tura atan Bulus yezzi lball-is ɣer imeqqṛanen n tmezgida,
iwakken ara imuqel imaṣlaḍen meṛṛa n tfekka n Yasuɛ. Ibanas-d
wayagi i Bulus am wayen yesɛan azal ameqqṛan, iwakken ara
yecɣul d imaṣlaḍen akk iweṣfen timezgida. Nwala Bulus amek
yefka lewṣayat i Tit ɣef usentel n wayen ilaq ad-yini i yemɣaṛen,
ttemɣaṛin, tilemẓiyin, d ilemẓiyen aked waklan. Inna-d akken
iwqem ayen ttṛajun seg-sen ɣef usentel n tassaɣt-nsen d
unesdabu d waddud-nsen di ddunit zdat wid ur neflis ara.”5
tasudest=stratégie, tazrirt=influence, amarkid=qualité, aɣella=chef, amedya=
exemple, aekkud iqedsen=sainte doctrine, azgal=erreur, imaṣlaḍen=membres,
srid=direct, asentel=sujet, tamaqqant=relation, anesdabu=autorité
48
Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi
wezzilen aked ismilen yellan:
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Xemmet ɣef iselkamen
Lewṣayat n Yasuɛ d ayen ibanen am tafat. Issekcam-aɣ
ɣer twacult-is, i ttwakkil-aɣ tamasit n uɣawas ines. Assagi wid isnubugen s L’Inǧil ɣeflen iwakken ara ḥerzen akken ilaq,
lewṣayat ɣef usentel n wamek ilaq a ttili tudert-nneɣ. I ttbin-ed
wayen, am akken yal-wa izmer ad-yextiṛ ad-yeḍfeṛ aɣawas ines.
Maca lebɣi n Yasuɛ ɣef tmezgida, yebna s yiwen uḥader ameqqṛan d
ayen ibanen. Ayagi yesɛa asemlil iqeṛben tuɣḍaṭ-is meṛṛa. Xemmet
ɣef lball n Yasuɛ yesɛa ɣef tmezgida, ɣef twaculin yellan deg-s, ayagi
meṛṛa d ayen yesɛan tassaɣt aked ttuɣḍaṭ i wekkel i tmezgida-s.
Asentel : Iselkamen n lewṣayat i d-ittwanefken i twacult n
Yillu
Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a
tebdum lehdur :
1. Ɣur-wen, acu-ɣer Illu yextaṛ iwakken ara tili, tikli n twacult-is
akka ?
49
2. Amek ara tawweḍ twacult, timezgida a ttezmer a ttefk ifadden i
twaculin ad-sɛunt tikli n ṛruḥ ?
3. Acu n tassaɣt yellan s gar timezgida “i deg-i sbedden assusel” d
liḥala n twaculin yellan di tmezgida ?
4. Acu n usemlel yellan s gar lewṣayat i d-ittwanefken i twacult
aked ttuɣḍaṭ n tmezgida ? Acu n wallal ara yerren L’Inǧil n
Yillu d ayen ara-d ijebden wiyyiḍ ɣures ?
Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehdur :
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tiktiyin=idées, awennit=commentaire, issimlen=citations, iselkamen=implications,
tamasit=responsabilité, aɣawas=plan, asnubeg=accepter, assemlil=lien, tuɣḍaṭ=
mission, assusel=ordre, allal=moyen
50
Hedṛet ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ.
Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur:
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Snes imenzayen
Ataya tura yusa-d lawan i deg- ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen
tlemdem d wayen thedṛem. Ḥizzet akud ilaqen i tegzimtagi.
Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura.
Tamedṛant tamezwarut n tudert di twacult tameqqṛant n teflest,
am wakken yella lebɣi n Yillu, ilaq ad-inadi yal yiwen akken ara
yisin amkan-is aked ttamasit-is di tfekka n Yasuɛ, ataya wayen ara
yawin yiwen ad-yeggmu.
Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen.
Di lewseɛ-agi i yawen ittwaheggan, arut ixemmimen-nwen i
yawen-d yulin, ɣef usentel n wemkan-nwen, d wayen txedmem tura
di tlemmast n twacult tameqqṛant n teflest. Tirawt n wayen ilaq adyili yezwar ɣur-wen tura, imi tellam d imaṣlaḍen n twacult n
Yasuɛ.
snes
imenzayen=appliquer
les
principes,
tamedṛant=concept,
tamasit=
responsabilité,
stenfel=développez,
asnas=application,
assentel=sujet,
amaṣlaḍ=membre
51
Amkan-nwen i tesɛam tura di tlemmast n twacult tameqqṛant n teflest d
wayen ilaqen ad-yili tura yezwar ɣurwen imi tellam d imaṣlaḍen n twacult
n Yasuɛ :
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52
Sbed ayen yezwaren di tudert
Taggnitt 5
Tura deg mi nezṛa d acu tella tuɣḍaṭ n Yasuɛ, d wamek i
ttkemmil ccɣul-is di twacult aked tmezgida. Nezmer ihi tura a
nesbed ayen yezwaren. Di tama imdanen akk sumata, nesɛa meṛṛa
ayen yellan yezwar. Ittefk fell-aneɣ, iwakken ara nqeɛɛed tudertnneɣ, a nwali tamessalt-agi n wayen yezwaren ansa nebɣu nekk.
Ma yella nebɣa a nilli s tidett d inelmaden n Yasuɛ, ilaq a nesseɛdel
tudert-nneɣ ɣer tin n Yasuɛ, ɣer tuɣḍaṭ-is aked uɣawas ines. Ilaq a
neḥrez lewṣayat-is di tudert-nneɣ, di twaculin-nneɣ, di tmezgidanneɣ. Anelmed amek ara nidir tudert-nneɣ s tusna. Ilaq a nidir, wa
neḥṣu s lebɣi ines kamel di tudert-nneɣ. Yiwen umur ameqqṛan n
lebɣi-s, d ayen i yaɣ-d ittwaweḥḥan di tuɣḍaṭ-is aked deg uɣawas-is
ɣef tmezgida-s. Ddan-d deg wayagi Iḍrisen-nni n twacult. Di taggnitagi, a nelmed Ifasus 5.15-21, d yiwen wazrug n tira iqedsen, i yaɣ
icqaṛwen, akken ara nidir s tusna aɣawas n Yasuɛ.
Lmed tira iqedsen
Ɣeṛ : Ifasus 5.15-21
Xemmem ɣef tmessalin-agi yilin ɣer zdat:
1. Deg wamnaḍ-is, d acu yebɣa ad-yini Bulus “Teddut am yergazen
isɛan leɛqel” ? Danegzu yaɛni ɣef wayen ittraju deg-neɣ Adunay ?
Acuɣeṛ ?
2. Acu n tassaɣt tettwalim yella s gar “ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ n
Yillu”, “ad-isbeggen yiwen tusna deg-s” aked “wagzu n lebɣi n
Adunay” ?
3. Deg wacu i yellan ɛedlen sin imeslayen-agi “Teddut am yergazen
isɛan leɛqel” aked “ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ” ?
4. Acu usemlil yellan s gar “ad-isbeggen yiwen tusna deg-s” “adyeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ” aked “ad-yeḍfeṛ yiwen lewṣayat n
twaculin” i yaɣ-d yeǧǧa Yasuɛ di Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9 ?
Gzul-ed aselmed alemmas n yezrugen-agi n tira iqedsen :
Aru-t tigraytin-nwen am tgemmunt n tseddarin, naɣ am yiwen
uzenziɣ, naɣ am yiwen n umazrar n tirawt, naɣ am yiwet n tfelwit.
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Xtiṛ-et akken ara wen-yeshel wamek ara thedṛem ɣef wayen. Init-ed
kra n wawal ɣef usemlil yellan s gar “ad-isbeggen yiwen tusna degs”, “ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ”, aked “ad-yerr yiwen tudert-is s gar
ifassen n lewṣayat n Yasuɛ” i twacult n yal yiwen aked ttwacult
tameqqṛant n Yillu yellan ttimezgida.
Aselmed imedra n Ifasus 5.15-21 :
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amnaḍ=contexte, anegzu=comprendre, tassaɣt=relation, asemlil=lien, tusna=
sagesse, gzul=résumez, izrugen=passages, tigraytin=conclusions, azenziɣ=schéma,
amazrar=série, tafelwit=tableau
54
Sekyed iwenniten
Iwenniten-agi yellan ɣer zdat, akken ara kun-ɛiwnen a
tegzum akken ilaq izrugen n tira iqedsen, awen-ṭṭfen
daɣen ifassen akken ara txemmem ɣef iselkamen n uselmed.
Ɣeṛ awennit-agi amecṭuḥ n Ifasus 5.15-21 txemmeḍ ɣef
wayen akk yellan deg-s :
Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen yella d imedra, maca aṭas n tenqiḍin
deg-s ur nettwasuɣel ara akken ilaq. Ur ilaq ara a neɣfel ɣef
wamnaḍ. Azrug-agi n tira iqedsen yellan uqbel win n “waḍriss n
twacult”, ittwalemden di taggnit tis tlata, Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9.
Lameṛ amezwaru n wazrug-agi n tira iqedsen, iwakken ara n
teddu s tusna, anamek n wayagi ad-iteddu yiwen s tigzi. Ilaq a
nesseqdec akud-nneɣ akken iwqem, a nili newjed dima akken ara
neqdec ɣef Adunay. Beṛra i tmezgida, tettbin-ed tudert amek yezga
deg-s cceṛ, d wamek daɣen iḍefṛen yemdanen iswiyen ur nelli ara di
lebɣi n Yasuɛ, d iswiyen ur nesɛi azal. Ɣurneɣ axtiṛi: a neččaṛ
tudert-nneɣ d-iswiyen aked i teḍfeṛ ddunit - ssekṛan aked ccɣul
aquṛan, (5.11) naɣ icemten (5.12) d ayen ittawin ɣer terwayt. Naɣ aneǧǧ iman-nneɣ akken araɣ yeččaṛ Ṛruḥ Uqdis. Akken, am
wayen yellan deg wamnaḍ-agi, ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ Uqdis,
anamek n wayagi ilaq a neldi tudert-nneɣ, iwakken ara teččaṛ d
Illu, d ayen araɣ yawin akken ara nettkemmil lebɣi ines. Nezmer
tura a negzu acuɣeṛ i d-yenna Bulus: “ttemɛawanet way garawen s
ccnat n Ihellilen, ccnat n leḥmadi i d-yefka Ṛruḥ Uqdis, ḥemdet
Adunay s wulawen-nwen kamel, s ccnat aked Ihellilen…” Tafelwitagi d ayen i d-iqedmen kra tudert n tmezgida, tawacult n yal yiwen
aked ttwacult n twaculin. Tesɛa talkint ɣef umentil n imeslayen-agi
“wa ɣer wa” aked wazrug-nni i d-yernan imiren yakan, i d-ihedṛen
ɣef twacult. Yella yiwen wazrug nniḍen iɛedlen d win n At Kuluṣ
3.16, ad-yeččaṛ yiwen d Ṛruḥ yella ttayuga aked : “anfet i wawal n
Yasuɛ, s lekmala ines ɛzizen, ad-idum deg-neɣ…” (tasuɣelt n
tefṛansist tasehlant). Taččaṛt s tɣewsiwin n Ṛruḥ, am akken ma
tenniḍ-ed sɣiwes tudert-ik akken ara teɛdel ttin n Yasuɛ d lebɣi
ines, a neččaṛ d awal-is mačči ttaččaṛt-nni n ccṛab d wayen aked
yellan d iɣeblan n ddunit.
sekyed iwenniten=consulter les commentaires, gzu=comprendre, izrugen=passages,
iselkamen=implications, imedra=fondamental, assuɣel=interprétation, amnaḍ=
contexte, aḍris=texte, tusna=sagesse, tigzi=intelligence, iswi=but, tafelwit=tableau,
talkint=certitude, umentil=cause, tasuɣelt=traduction, sɣiwes=planifier
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Tasarut n wazrug-agi, iwakken ara tili tikli-nwen s tusna, yerna
lweqt-nwen at-sseqdacem akken iwqem. Ayagi d ayen ara kunyawin, iwakken ara-t zzewrem Yasuɛ aked d uɣawas ines. Am
waken i d-nenna yakan deg azrugen nniḍen i nelmed di tebṛat n At
Ifasus, iɣes yella d ul n uɣawas, ttimezgida. “Iḍrisen ɣef twacult”
llan d akatar i deg ara nebnu tudert-nneɣ, am waken tella tin n
Yasuɛ. D ayagi araɣ yawin, iwakken ara yuɣal iswi ines d iswi-nneɣ
(Ifasus 3.8-10), tuɣḍaṭ-is a ttuɣal ttuɣḍaṭ-nneɣ (Maṭṭa 28.19,20),
ayen yezwaren ɣur Yasuɛ ad-yuɣal d ayen yezwaren ɣur-neɣ (Tit
2). Imi nettwaɛṛeḍ iwakken ara nesɛu tikli n tusna wa nesseqdec
akud-nneɣ akken yelha, ilaq a nesɣiwes ussan-nneɣ, a nḥader ɣef
yiman-nneɣ amer an-ttidir ussan-nneɣ am at n ddunit.
Ɣeṛ issimlen yellan am tsura, txemmeḍ ɣef wayagi :
Aqlaɣ nessaweḍ-ed ɣer yiwet n temnaṭ anda ilaq a nwali ɣef
liqṛib acu yellan ttaɣẓint-nneɣ, uqbel a nezzi ɣer wayen yellan
yezwar ɣurneɣ. Ɛiwdet-as taɣuṛi i wussimel n Michael GRIFFITHS di
taggnit tamezwarut, uqbel a tteɣṛem ayen yellan ɣer zdat:
“Ayen i nebɣa a ti-d nini dagi, s tidet, mačči d yen-kan ilaqen i
yimeɣḍaḍen naɣ i wid ixedmen ɣef l’Inǧil yal ass. Maca yal
tamasiḥit naɣ amasiḥi, ma yella i sekfiwel iman-is di teflest,
yesɛa tamasit, akken ara yexdem, wa-d yeqdec d axel n twacultagi tameqqṛant n imasiḥiyen. Yal yiwen ilaq ad-ibedd ɣer ccɣul-is
akken ara iwali timezgida tettnerni, tgemmu di lecɣal-is ubeccer
n l’Inǧil. Ur ilaq ara a nesgiwen s yiwet-kan tmezgida, anda ur drennun ara imaṣlaḍen nniḍen imaynuten; ilaq iwakken ara
nettnadi dima akken ara-d nrennu imaynuten i tmezgida, wa
nxemmem amek ara nesɛu yessis n tmezgida-nneɣ (yeɛni adnnulfunt tmezgida nniḍen)...
Acu n temnaṭ i teṭṭef di tudert-nwen ass-agi, tmezgida anda
tellam ?
Abeddel n tejmeɛt ara iweṣfen timezgida iṣeḥḥan yerna tettfeǧǧiǧ
d ayen ara yilin d ccɣul ɣef i tzemrem a ttesɛeddim ayen akk i
yawen-d iqimen n wussan n tudert ?” 6
Assimel yellan ɣer zdat n Francis SCHAEFFER. Yefka-yaɣ-d dagi
kra ixemmimen iseɣzen ɣef lqima ilaq a ttesɛu tudert-nneɣ di
tmezgida anda nella, di lebda yagi n lqeṛn wis 21.
azrug=passage, tusna=sagesse, aɣawas=plan, iḍrisen=textes, akatar=charpente,
iswi=but, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, issimlen=citations, taɣẓint=raison, imeɣḍaḍen=
missionnaires, asekfiwel=engager, tamasit=responsabilité, asgiwen=satisfaire,
imaṣlaḍen=membres, assimel=citations
56
“Aru ayagi : nezmer a nwali llan imasiḥiyen, issemdanen war
ma sɛan timezgida ; maca ulamek tella tmezgida war ma llan
imasiḥiyen isemdanen. Di tama nniḍen, nekkni s wat L’Inǧil, am
yergazen am tulawin yesɛan teflest iṣeḥḥan, negza assar n yal
amdan, iwakken ara-d yass ɣur Yillu. Nettnadi iwakken ara
neɛɛiwen, ad-afen s tawant ayen uḥwajen. Maca tiswiɛin
nettmil, iwakken ara nuɣal ɣer lxudma-nni n yal yiwen iman-is.
Nettuɣal alama d leqdic-nni iman-nneɣ, mačči d aɛiwen ara
neɛɛiwen tudert n tmezgida. Ur ilaq ara a nezzer alama d lqaɛ n
tikti yagi yal-wa iman-is. M’ara nuɣal d imasiḥiyen, ilaq a nesɛu
tudert di twacult tameqqṛant, yellan ttimezgida. Am waken i ti-d
nniɣ yakan uqbel: akken ilaq a nesɛu tadukli n ṣṣeḥ iglaq daɣen
a nesɛu asekkud n ṣṣeḥ.
Llant s tidet, aṭas n ṣṣenfat n tmezgidatin imasiḥiyen – timezgida
anda nella, timedra n uselmed n tira iqedsen, iɣerbazen
imasiḥiyen, tuddsa n imeɣḍaḍen. Wigi meṛṛa llan naɣ ilaq ad-ilin
ttimezgidatin n tmasiḥit, ulama xas akken ur ɛdilent ara
ttmezgida i deg-i llant akk twaculin. Acu-kan, ur ɛdilent ara
meṛṛa: anagar timezgida n twaculin, wama tiyyiḍ akk llant
iwakken ara-d mlilen yemdanen, ad-mbeddalen ɣef wayen
uḥwajen. Di Lɛahed amaynut, timezgida tesɛa yiwen lebni
yesbed Yillu s timad-is i tallit i deg i nella akka n ttidir, akka ara
tili alama d asmi ara-d yuɣal Yasuɛ.”7
Assimel-agi aneggaru n Howard SYNDER, d Yiwen wanǧili n
tmezgida n unarray, yura-d aṭas n yadlisen ɣef usentel n uɛiwen n
tmezgida ilaqen a ttebnu ɣef imenzayen n Lɛahed amaynut.
“Amnaḍ yelhan i teggmi n tudert n ṛruḥ, ttimezgida anda tella
tayri. Llant tidettat n ṛruḥ ur ssawaḍeɣ ara akken ara tent agzuɣ
aked kra uḥettem ur ṣsawaḍeɣ ara ad-ččaṛeɣ di tudert-iw
umasiḥi, war ma lldiɣ ul-iw i yimasiḥiyen n tmezgidatin nniḍen;
ayagi yella d aɣawas n Yillu. Ṛruḥ Uqdis ittak-aɣ-d ayen akk
nuḥwaj, maca nwala amek isseqdac deg-neɣ akken ara nbedd, wa
ɣer wa. Ɣef wayagi i d-iheddeṛ Bulus mi-d yenna akken “a
nettimɣuṛ di kra yellan ɣur win yellan d aqerruy: Yasuɛ. Deg-s i
d-jebbed tfekka kamel, ayen i yas ilaqen akken ara teggmu a
ttiǧhid di tayri, di tdukli ines tameqqṛant i d-jebbed seg wadif n
yeɣsan-is tesɛa, iwakken ara teḍmen ccɣul ara tebzer i yal amur
isemdanen=individuels, negza assar=nous comprenons le besoin, asekkud=
doctrine,
timedra=séminaires,
iɣerbazen=écoles,
tuddsa=organisations,
imeɣḍaḍen=missionnaires, tallit=époque, assimel=citation, unarray=méthodiste,
asentel=sujet,
imenzayen=principes,
amnaḍ=contexte,
gzu=comprendre,
aɣawas=plan, tanezzarirt=interaction, taɣeḍweft=intérêt
57
n tfekka-s” (Ifasus 4.15-16). Tanezzarirt-agi yellan s gar waṭas
imuren n tfekka, ttudert n tfekka. Karl BARTH inna-d akken
iwqem belli mi-d iheddeṛ Lɛahed amaynut ɣef tɣeḍweft, d ayen
iɛnan dima “ttaɣedweft n tmezgida. Ulamek ara sɛuɣ taɣeḍweft
ma yella ur nudaɣ ara uqbel taɣeḍweft n tmezgida”.8
Tirawt n tiktiyin akk ara-d ikuflen seg wayen i teɣṛam deg iwenniten-agi
wezzilen aked ismilen yellan:
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Xemmet ɣef iselkamen
Am yiwen umaṣlad n twacult n twaculin, tesɛa iswi
tudert-nneɣ, d waṭas n tamasitin yellan am tyuga d
yiswi yagi. Ataya ɣef wacu i yaɣ ilaq a nidir am iɛeqliyen, yerna ilaq
a nesɛedday akud-nneɣ deg wayen iṣelḥen s tigzi. Tura ulamek ara
nidir am at n ddunit, maca ilaq ad-nejmeɛ tagerrawt-nneɣ ɣer
wayen-kan yellan d iswi-nneɣ, d wayen yellan yezwar. Iban deg
wayagi d ayen i ttezzin ɣer yiswi aked wayen yezwaren n Yasuɛ.
Xemmet acu n yiswi i tḍefṛem di tudert, d wayen daɣen yellan
yezwar yellan d lsas, zdat tafat uɣawas kamel n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s.
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Asentel : Sbeddet ayen yezwaren i tudert-nwen :
Xemmet ɣef tmessalin-agi yellan ɣer zdat uqbel a
tebdum lehdur :
1. Zdat tafat uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s, acu ilaqen tura ad-yili d
iswi n tudert-nwen ?
2. Amek yella uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s, am waken i d-iban deg
iḍrisen-agi ɣef twacult, d ayen i kun-idemren kra iwakken ara
tqeɛdem ayen ilaqen ad-yezwir di tudert-nwen ?
3. Zdat tafat ihi n wayen ilaqen ad-yezwir, d acu i d-anamek n
“Sɛeddayet akud-nwen deg wayen yelhan” ?
Tirawt tiririyin-nwen timezwura n tmessalin uqbel a tebdum lehduṛ :
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tiktiyin=idées, awennit=commentaire, issmilen=citations, iselkamen=implications,
amaṣlaḍ=membre, iswi=but, aɣawas=plan, asentel=thème, iḍrisen=textes
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Hedret ɣef tmessalin-agi deg agraw-nwen amecṭuḥ.
Tirawt n tisnezgimin-nwen n tagara m’ara tfakkem lehdur :
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Snes imenzayen
Ataya tura yusa-d lawan i deg- ara-d neṭqem ɣef wayen
tlemdem d wayen thedṛem. Ḥizzet akud ilaqen i
tegzimt-agi.
Uɣal ɣer tlata imecwaren imezwura.
Ad-yesɛeddi yiwen akud-is akken yelha, ittefk ihi, iwakken di
tazwara, ad-yesbedd yiwen iswi ibanen di tudert-is, d wayen daɣen
yezwaren yellan deg wabrid-nni n yiswi, war ma yettu aɣawas
kamel n Yasuɛ i tmezgida-s, i nekkni daɣen yellan d imaṣlaḍen n
waxxam-is yellan ttimezgida.
Ssenfel yiwen wasnas i tudert-nwen.
Di lewseɛ-agi i yawen i ttwaḥazen, arut-ed yiwen wagzul ɣef
uɣawas n Yasuɛ i tallit-agi i degi nella, sḍefret-ed iswi ara-t ḍefrem i
tudert-nwen zdat tafat n lebɣi n Yasuɛ. Dɣa, sbeddet yiwen umuɣ n
wayen ilaqen ad-yili d amezwaru di tudert-nwen, bnut ayagi ɣef
iḍrisen-nni n twacult i tlemdem di taggnit tis tlata aked ttis ṛebɛa.
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Gzul-ed aɣawas n Yasuɛ i tallit-agi-nneɣ, arut-ed ɣef usentel n yiswi-nwen
di tudert, ternum yiwen umuɣ n wayen yellan yezwar ɣur-wen :
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Snes imenzayen=appliquer les principes, aɣawas=plan, iswi=but, imaṣlaḍen=
membres, sneflet=développez, asnas=application, gzul=résumez, tallit=époque,
amuɣ=liste, iḍrisen=textes, asentel=sujet
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Aɛiwed n wamsal
i tudert-nneɣ
Taggnitt 6
Tura aqlaɣ neṣṣaweḍ iwakken ara negzu anamek n tmezgida,
yellan d ul n uɣawas n Yasuɛ. Adunay Yasuɛ yebna kullec i
tmezgida-s : timezgida tella d yiwet n tawacult n twaculin. Tesɛa
aṭas n lewṣayat ɣef twacult, d ayen i d-iheddeṛ ama i twacult yellan
ttimezgida ama i twaculin n yal yiwen. Ihi tura a nawi tudert-nneɣ
deg wabrid n uɣawas n Yasuɛ.
Tura ihi atan yusa-d lawan i deg ara nebdu a nexdem asemlil n
wayen akk, wa nesnes ayen i nwala meṛṛa. Ad-nessegrew isnasen
meṛṛa nura di xemsa n taggnitin iɛeddan. A nerfed tura akud
akken ara nxemmem ɣef wayen, atan xas ma yella nettwali tazla n
timetti i deg-i nella. A neɛṛed iwakken ara nessekcem ɣer tudertnneɣ tidet-agi meṛṛa. A sent-nefk amkan ameqqṛan iwakken ara
ɛiwden-t amsal i tudert-nneɣ, ad-skuflent deg-neɣ abeddel
yettbinen.
Sekfiwelet ul-nwen
Tasnezgimt, sɛun aɣmis anawrik, aked tẓallit
Aɣmis n yal yiwen d ayen araɣ yeɛiwnen akken ara nxemmem
ɣef wayen aked n lemmed. D yiwet n lɛada yelhan ilaq a ttyesɛu yal
yiwen deg-neɣ, ilaq a neḥṛes iman-nneɣ imi mačči d ayen isehlen
dima. Maca d ayen araɣ yawin iwakken ara naru imeslayen i nwala
xelfen gemmun deg wulawen-nneɣ. Ayagi daɣen d ayen araɣ
yeɛiwnen akken ara neɛqel ɣer tafat ayen isseqdac Ṛruḥ Uqdis, deg
wawal n Yillu, iwakken ara tfeǧǧeǧ tafat-is fell-aneɣ, imi i yas nerra
ih i wawal-is. Taẓallit ilaq a ttesɛu amkan-is di tudert-nneɣ. A
nessutur di tẓallit i Yillu, iwakken araɣ ibeddel s ubeddel-nni ara
yezgen dima deg wul-nneɣ. D ayen ara yesxelfen, waɣ yawi a
negmu, wa nimɣuṛ di teflest.
gzu=comprendre, anamek=sens, aɣawas=plan, asemlil=synthèse, snes=appliquer,
isnasen=applications, timetti=société, sekfiwel=engager, tasnezgimt=réflexion,
aɣmis=journal
62
Di tegzimt-agi, ɛiwdet axemmem ɣef wayen akk i txedmem di
xemsa n taggnitin iɛeddan. D acu i d-yedṛan di tudert-nwen mi
tlemdem yal taggnit? Arut ixemmimen-nwen, txemmem ɣef wayen
akk i turam. Acu i d-yernan d amaynut, iwakken ara isseǧhed
taflest-nwen ? Acu ubeddel i twalam ibeddel-it Yillu di tudert-nwen ?
Llan-t mazal kra n tanqiḍin i tebɣan ad-ttwabedlent mazal ? D acu i
kun-iḥuzen akteṛ deg wayagi akk ? Acu i d-ternam n lquḍ iwakken
ara tegmum ? D acu i yawen-d yewwin lferḥ akteṛ ? Deg wacu i
tbeddel tura tfelsifit-nwen n tudert ?
Di tagara, jemɛet-ed ixemmimen-nwen meṛṛa s yiwet n tẓallit.
Ma yella tebɣam iwakken ara-t ssutrem i Yillu, iwakken ara wen-d
yefk tezmert i s’ara tqeɛdem tudert-nwen, akken yella uɣawas ines,
amek ara-s tinim ayagi ? Arut assuter-nwen s kra izarigen. ɛiwdetas ɣef lebɛeḍ n tewṛiqin mecṭuḥen i tzemrem a ttawin di lǧib.
Xedmet asentel n tẓallit yal dduṛt. m’ara ɛeddin-t kra n smanat,
arut deffir tewṛiqt-nni acu isseqdac Yillu iwakken ara-d yeqqbel
taẓallit-nwen.
Aɣmis-nwen – segmet tudert-nwen am waken yella uɣawas n Yasuɛ i
tmezgida-s – tasnezgimt :
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tagzimt=section, tafelsifit=philosophie, asentel=sujet, aɣmis=journal, aɣawas=
plan, tasnezgimt=réflexion
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Assuter n Tẓallit :
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Sekfiwelet axemmem-nwen
Ḥedded-et ayen s’ara tfelsem, tceffum ɣef tira
iqedsen
Dayen isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant, iwakken ara-d nessegrew ayen
akk inelmed, ad-uɣalen ixemmimen-nneɣ d ayen ibanen nefles. S
wacu ara nebdu, gzulet-ed timedlitin i tḥeddem, tlemdem di xemsa
n taggnitin iɛeddan. Ccfutɣef usentel amenzawi : Aɣawas n Yasuṣ i
tmezgida-s. Seglut di timedlitin-nwen amek yebɣa Adunay Yasuɛ a
nessuneḍ tawacult-nneɣ aked ttwacult n Yillu. Xedmet dɣa yiwen
umuɣ n izergan imenzawen n tira iqedsen, ara yilin dayen ɣef ara
ikenned wayen tfelsem. Xtiṛ-et axxi yiwet n tseddart ara-t isinem s
wul. Aru-tet i waksar agi, ɣertet-id war aṭṭili deg wagraw-nwen n
uselmed m’ara-d mlilem tikkelt nniḍen. Aru-tet ɣef yiwet n tweṛqett
– yal taseddaṛt s temselɣut-is, aru-t rrif-nsen ayen i yawen-d qqaṛen
imeslayen yellan deg-sen. Ɣaret, ttɛawadet-asen di lawan akka n
setta ddurat.
akfiwel=engager, tidmiwin=pensées, tikerkas=mensonges, a nesnes=appliquer,
amentil=cause, tixutra=importance, ssuneḍ=ordonner, umuɣ=liste, asentel=sujet,
akala=processus, agzul=résumer
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Iddir di tlemmast n twacult n twaculin - taflesti iseɣzen :
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Taseddaṛt ara yilin am tsarut ilaq attecfum fell-as :
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Sekfiwelet tudert-nwen
Tiɣtasin, isenfaren-nwen aked tinumiwin n tudert
Mektit-ed yal yiwet si tegzimin “Xemmet ɣef
iselkamen” n xemsa n taggnitin i tlemdem. Xemmet ɣef uselkem
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iɛelmen tudert-nwen, aɛeddi si yal amecwaṛ n wamnir d ayen illan
d taɣewsiwt. D taɣewsiwt nniḍen, iwakken ara n xemmem ɣef
tudert-nneɣ kamel, wa nebdu amsal deg iswiyen-nneɣ aked
ttinumiwin n tudert s uɛiwen n wayen nelmed. Amecwaṛ-agi d ayen
isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant, iwakken araɣ yawi anebnu tudert-nneɣ
ɣef imenzayen imedra n Yasuɛ mačči ɣef imenzayen n ddunit.
Aṭas n tɣewsiwin i yaɣ ilaqen, iwakken ara nawweḍ alama
kecmen di tudert-nneɣ, imenzayen imedra. Tamezwarut, ɛiwdet
tazrawt i tegzimin “xemmet ɣef iselkamen” aked lxudma-nwen
meṛra i tkemlem, alami d tura di tagnit-agi. Tesɛam tiɣtasin ara
tedmem ? Amedya, llan ahat wayen yezwaren di tudert-nwen alami
d tura, dɣa iban-awen-d belli ilaq a ttwalim ayen s tmuɣli nniḍen ?
Tesɛeddayem akud-nwen deg wayen yelhan ? Tegzam akken ilaq
lebɣi n Yillu ? Tawacult-nwen tegza ula d nettat ayagi ? Acu i
tuḥwajem a ttbedlem di tudert-nwen sumata, di tudert-nwen ara-d
ikuflen seg uselmed-agi.
Tiɣtasin, isenfaren-nwen aked ttinumiwin n tudert :
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Amawal n iwitayen akk d tmeḍṛanin n
tira iqedsen yellan am tsura
Umuɣ-agi yellan ɣer zdat, ɛawden-d i yiwitayen d abrid
amezwaru i temlalem yid-sen deg wadlis-agi. Xas akken ittwanefked unamek-ines maca d ayen isehlen ad-yesruḥ yiwen anamek-nsen
n ṣṣeḥ. Amawal-agi yezmer awen-yili d ayen ara kun-iɛiwnen ɣer
zdat akken ara tisinem anamek iwitayen d tmedṛanin n tira
iqedsen.
Tabdelt naɣ aɣawas. Awal-agi n tebdelt d ayen i ttwasqedcen deg
Ifasus 3.8 (deg ussuɣel n J.N. Darby). Yebɣa ad-yini s imeslayenagi “tazzemzi”, “taɣara n usefrek” d ayen i ttwaseqdacen dima ɣef
wawal-nni “uɣawas”. Deg Ifasus yura belli, Bulus “ssawlen-as-d
iwakken ara-d yesbin ɣer tafat teblelt n wadrug yefren”, ayagi d
ayen araɣ yawin, iwakken ara negzu amek i d-yettak Yillu ṛreḥmas. Alami ttura d ayen i ttwaḥazen i wat Isṛaɛil-kan. Tura ṛreḥmayagi dayen i ttwaheggan ulama i wat iɣlan.
Imeqqṛanen aked iqeddacen. Iqbuṛen llan d imḍebṛen di
tmezgida. Di yal timezgida tuḥwaǧ a ttesɛu akka agraw n iqbuṛen
ara yebḍun way garasen ccɣul n tmezgida anda llan. Ad-ilin d wid
izemren iwakken ara bedden akken ilaq ɣer tamasit-nsen ama di
tmezgida ama di twaculin-nsen, ad-sɛun tanagit yelhan (1 Timuti
3.1-7). Iqeddacen ad-ilin d wi-d ara ten-ittɛawanen (1 Timuti 3.813).
Tibṛatin imeksawen n tmezgida. Tlata n tebṛatin tineggura n
Bulus, yellan d 1, 2 n Timuti aked Tit. Tibṛatin-agi ttwacegɛen-t i
sin yegrawen-agi imenzayen i qedcen di tmezgida. Llant di tebṛatinagi lewṣayat n wamek ilaq a ttili tikli n wid ara iqedcen di tmezgida
am imḍebṛen, d wamek daɣen ilaq ad-sbeddaden timezgidatin ara
yilin am twacult tameqqṛant n Yillu. Isban-ed akken ilaq di
tebṛatin-agi amek ilaq ad-ttwaxtaṛen wid ara i ttdebbiṛen, dayen
isɛan tixutra tameqqṛant wayagi.
L’Inǧil. Tanagit n ṛebɛa inagan iṣeḥḥan uran-d yal wa deg-sen si
tama-s, ɣef usentel n tudert n Adunay Yasuɛ: Maṭṭa, Maṛqus, Luqa
aked Yuḥana.
amawal=glossaire, iwitayen=termes, timedṛanin=concepts, amuɣ=liste, anamek=
sens, tabdelt=administration, aɣawas=plan, assuɣel=traduction, tazzemzi=
dispensation, taɣara n usefrek=manière de gérer, adrug=mystère, gzu=comprendre,
tamasit=responsabilité, imenzayen=principales, tixutra=important
67
Tawacult n twaculin. Dacu i danamek aɛni n tanfalit-agi, akken
araɣ yeɛɛiwen a negzu iswi d lebɣi n Yazsuɛ ɣef tmezgida-s, amek
ilaq a ttili. Tagerrawt n Yasuɛ ɣef tmezgidatin, iwakken yal yiwet
deg-sent a ttili am yiwet n twacult n twaculin. Anamek n wayagi i
ttusema timezgida i ttwanefk-as-d lewṣayat, iwakken ara-t seggem
iman-is a ttili am yiwet n twacult tameqqṛant, i ttwaweṣfen s waṭas
n twaculin. S wakka yal amasiḥi yesɛa amkan-is di twacult. Ayagi
mačči d ayen ara isxeṛben amedya, tawacult n yal yiwen, maca d
ayen ara s yefken ifadden akteṛ.
Haustafel. D yiwen wawal s tutlayt n talmanit, iheddeṛ-ed ɣef
yiwen n ṣṣenf n tira yellan di tmezgida n lqeṛn amezwaru,
semman-as “Iḍrisen n waxxam”. Tanfalit-agi tuɣal d ayen isseqdac
wagdud meṛṛa yerna d ayen iṣṣawḍen alami i d-ttadren ayagi di
tira, m’ara-d hedṛen ɣef iḍrisen-agi n twacult.
At Isaṛaɛil aked Iɣlan. At “Isṛaɛil” llan d aɣlan yextaṛ Yillu,
iwakken ara i ttwakemmel lebɣi ines, akken ara yawweḍ alama
(iburrek) aked igduden (Iɣlan). At “leǧnas” llan d wid akk yellan
deg iɣlan nniḍen. Maca tura, kra n win ifelsen s Adunay Yasuɛ (n
at Isṛaɛil naɣ n iɣlan) uɣalen ɣef yiwen wagdud amaynut,
timezgida-s.
Timezgida n Yasuɛ aked ttmezgidatin. Tameḍṛant n tmezgida
n Yasuɛ aked ttmezgidatin-agi yellan di lɛahed amaynut. Timezgidas taweḥdit llan deg-s wid meṛṛa ifelsen yis – tawacult-is tameɣlalt
yegla-d s wi-d akk ifelsen yis deg idelsan irkul. Am waken yella
uɣawas ines, wid akk ifelsen yis ttwaɛerḍen, iwakken ara ṭfen
imukan-nsen di tmezgida – tawacult n twaculin, iḥerzen yerna
ttaɣen awal i lewṣayat-agi ɣef usentel n tudert n tmezgida yellan
ttawacult tameqqṛant.
Igburen n waxxam. D yiwet n talɣa n tira (tira i ttwaqedmen) d
ayen isseqdacen dima deg idles n tmezgida n lqeṛn amezwaru. Talɣa
yagi d ayen ineǧren abrid ilaq a tyawi yiwen, ama di twaculin-nsen,
ama di twacult tameqqṛant yellan ttimezgida. amedya-yagi n tira, d
ayen i ttwasqedcen deg izrugen n Lɛahed amaynut, hedṛen-d ɣef
usentel n twaculin (Ifasus 5.22 alama d 6.9 ; At Kuluṣ 3.18 alama
d 4.1 ; 1 Butṛus 3.1-7) i tmezgidatin daɣen (1 Timuti 3.14-16).
tanfalit=expression,
gzu=comprendre,
iswi=but,
tagerrawt=attention,
iḍrisen=textes,
tamedṛant=concept,
tameɣlalt=éternelle,
idelsen=cultures,
aɣawas=plan, asentel=sujet, iqbuṛen=anciens, talɣa=forme, izrugen=passages
68
Tikli. Amek ilaq ad-yidir yiwen, naɣ lecɣal n wamdan deg yiwen
wass. Tikli s Ṛruḥ, ayen yebɣa ad-yini, iwakken ara ilin lecɣal-nneɣ
meṛṛa n yal ass n tudert-nneɣ, ilaq ad-ilin dima deg wabrid yebɣa
Ṛruḥ Uqdis. Anamek n wayagi d ayen nezmer a tid nini s imeslayen
nniḍen, ilaq a nidir akken qqaṛent tira iqedsen – yellan d awal
ɛzizen n Yasuɛ (Ifasus 5.18; wali daɣen At Kuluṣ 3.16).
Adrug. D yiwet n tɣewsiwt yellan zik teffer, maca tura iweḥḥatt-id
Yillu. Di Ifasus 3, awal-agi d ayen ijebden tagerrawt-nneɣ ɣer
tmezgida n Yasuɛ, i deg-i yella dduklen am yiwen, ama d at Isṛaɛil
ama d at iɣlan, llan irkul d imaṣlaḍen yesɛan amkan-nsen kamel di
twacult-agi tameqqṛant n teflest.
Ibabaten n tmezgida. Llan d imḍebṛen imeqqṛanen n tmezgida, d
ayen iɛawnen aṭas, iwakken tira iqedsen ad-ttwasnent, sbeddaden
timezgidatin timaynutin, rnan bedden ɣursent seg wasmi ɛeddan
mmuten yemcegɛen-nni imezwura, yebdan ccɣul-agi. Ayen i yaɣ-d
uran imeqqṛanen-agi, sselmaden-aɣ ɣef usentel n 150 iseggasen i dyernan seg mi mmuten yemcegɛen imezwura. Ayen akk i d-uran
mačči d ayen i d-gren di lɛahed amaynut. Maca llan dima wejden
mazal ɣer was-a.
Tazmert n lmalayek aked ttin irruḥaniyen. D lmalayek i
yellant txelqiyin-agi n ṛruḥ, qedcent zdat Yillu, iwakken ara
yawweḍ ɣer lebɣi ines uɣawas-is, ma d iruḥaniyen, xtaṛen akken
ara ddun d cciṭan, iwakken ara ɛeṛden ma zemren ad-qeṛen
aɣawas-agi n Yillu ur i ttaweḍ ara ɣer lebɣi-s. Timezgida tella d
aɣawas yesbed Illu, iwakken ara-d yemmel tusna-s yellan s nnig
kullec, ad-muqlen ama d lmalayek ama d iṛuḥaniyen ad-walin ayagi
meṛṛa.
Asekkud iqedsen. Tameḍṛant n usekkud iqedsen, yella deg-s
uselmed akk ilaqen i teflest. D ayen ittawin amdan akken ara yidir
di taɣdemt (di leqdisa) ama deg waxxam-is ama deg waxxam n Yillu
yellan ttimezgida.
adrug=mystère,
tagerrawt=attention,
imaṣlaḍen=membres,
aɣawas=plan,
tusnas=sagesse, asekkud iqedsen=sainte doctrine, tamedṛant=concept
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Iwakken ara tkemlem assileɣ-nwen
Idlisen n talkensit-agi twaxedmen deg yiwen iswi, akken ara
sarsen lsas iṣeḥḥan n teflest. Llan d taḥurkebt-kan tamezwarut.
Ameskar n tebṛat n wat Iɛebṛaniyen di lɛahed amaynut, ismektayed belli ilaq a nṛammi tanẓaẓ (Iɛebṛaniyen 5.11-14). Tagzimt-agi
“iwakken ara nesɣez akter deg usentel” d ayen inezmer anaf di
tagara n yal adlis n talkensit-agi n Imenzayen imedra. D ayen ara
ittwasqedcen am yiwen umnir akken ara kun-yawi a tafem
tiɛwinin ara wen-yefken ifadden i s’ara tebnum ɣef lsas iṣeḥḥan n
tidett, d ayen i yawen ittwanefken di yal adlis. Ad-nuɣal alama d
leɛwanseṛ-agi, ternum tid i tebɣam a teɣṛem naɣ attseɣzem deg-s
akteṛ di tegzimt n “Usekfiwel n tudert”. Tagzimt-agi d ayen yellan di
taggnit tis setta.
1) Anefk afus uɛiwen i tuɣḍaṭ n tmezgida: imenzayen imedra n
ccɣul n tmezgida, talkensit n Imenzayen imedra, Amazrar 1 –
Adlis 3.
Adlis-agi d akemmel n wadlis i tekfam tura yakan, Illit dayla n
twacult n twaculin : Imenzayen imedra n tudert tmezgida .
Dayen isɛan lqima tameqqṛant, iwakken ara tkemlem ccɣulnwen tebdam deg wadlis-agi, iwakken ara tegzum belli lebɣi n
Yillu akken ara tkecmem wa tteṭfem imukan-nwen di twacult-is
tameqqṛant. A nekcem ih, maca mačči-kan akken ara nili deg
yiwen wagraw yelhan, maca iwakken ara nwali iswi ameqqṛan n
Yillu. Win i deg ara yeṣṣiweḍ ɣer lebɣi ines tuɣḍaṭ n Yasuɛ ɣef
tmezgida-s. Aselmed-agi d ayen ara wen-d yernun tinqiṭ
taneggarut ɣef tmedṛant n twacult i nezmer anaf deg wadlis-agi.
D ayen ara yeɛiwnen yal amasiḥi, iwakken ara yuɣal dallal
yelhan ara yawin L’Inǧil i twaculin nniḍen. Iwakken daɣen ara
yeɛiwen timezgidatin, ad-uɣalent ɣef waṭas di ddunit.
assileɣ=formation,
talkensit=collection,
iswi=but,
amaskar=auteur,
tanẓaẓ=maturité, tegzimt=section, asentel=sujet, imenzayen imedra=principes
fondamentaux, amnir=guide, akfiwel=engager, tuɣḍaṭ=mission, amazrar=série,
tamedṛant=concept,
temsirt=leçon,
tasuft
imagṛaḍ=extrait
d’articles,
issimlen=citations, allal=outil, isentilen=sujets.
70
Tirawt n tagara
1
C. Michael GRIFFITHS, What on Earth Are You Doing ? : Jesus’ Call to World Mission,
England, InterVarsity Press, 1983, p. 38. Dayen ittwasqedcen s tutagt n InterVarsity
Press.
2
David J. HESSELGRAVE, Planting Churches Cross-Culturally : North America and
Beyond, Grand Rapids, Baker Book House Company, 2000, p. 18-19. Dayen
ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaẓṛag.
3
Vern Sheridan POYTHRESS, The Church as a Family : Why Male Leadership in the
Family Requires Male Leadership in the Home as Well, Westchester, Illinois, Crossway
Books, 1990, p. 12. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaẓṛag aked umaskar, d Council on
Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (lewṣaya n tira iqedsen amek ara yeqqim wargaz
dargaz tameṭṭut ttameṭṭut).
4
Stephen B. CLARK, Man and Woman in Christ : An Examination of the Roles of Men
and Women in Light of Scripture and the Social Sciences, Ann Arbor, Servant Books,
1990, p. 73, 74. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaskar.
5
Gene A. GETZ, The Measure of a Christian, Ventura, California, Regal Books, 1983, p.
96-97. Adlis-agi i ttwasuɣel-ed s tutlayt n tefransist s yisem n : Dimensions d’un
chrétien, Tite, Editions VIDA, 1984.
6
GRIFFITHS, p. 53, 54.
7
Francis A. SCHAEFFER, The Church at the End of the 20th Century, Westchester,
Illinois, Crossway Books, 1970, p. 56. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaskar.
8
Howard A. SNYDER, The Community of the King, Downers Grove, Illinois, InterVarsity
Press, 1977, p. 75. Dayen ittwasqedcen s turagt n umaskar.
71