Criteria for the Creation and Evaluation of Neological Terms

Transcrição

Union of the International
Conscientiocentric Institutions
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I CN E O – INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NEOLOGISTICS
CRITERIA FOR CREATION AND EVALUATION OF NEOLOGICAL TERMS
(VERSION 11 – September 5th 2009)
Prepared by:
Augusto Freire
Lourdes Pinheiro
Eliane Wojslaw
Cathia Caporali
Reviewers:
Jayme Pereira
Kátia Arakaki
Luis Minero
Marcelo da Luz
Nancy Trivelatto
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Union of the International Conscientiocentric Institutions – UNICIN
Rua Felipe Wandscheer, no. 5100 – Bairro Cognópolis – Foz do Iguaçu – PR – Brasil
Telephone: (45) 2102-1405 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unicin.org CEP 85853-755
_____________________________________________________________________________________
CONTENTS
PAGE
1. Criteria for Creation and Evaluation of Neological Terms …............................................................. 03
2. Annex 1 – Evaluation Table for Neological Terms .................................................................................. 10
3. Annex 2 – Word Structure in the Portuguese Language ........................................................................ 12
4. Annex 3 – Word Formation Processes in the Portuguese Language....................................................... 14
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CRITERIA FOR CREATION AND EVALUATION OF NEOLOGICAL TERMS
Introduction. ICNEO – International Council of Neologistics – is a permanent body of UNICIN aiming at
promoting the denominative and conceptual terminological standardization for the Science of Conscientiology.
In carrying out its linguistic-terminological political functions, ICNEO compiles, organizes, standardizes,
plans, harmonizes and disseminates the international terminology of Conscientiology. It acts as a technical
evaluator and fosters an open, democratic and cosmoethical debate within CCCI, with a view to a broader
linguistic-terminological consensus.
Parameter. Principles and criteria herein are the basic parameters used by ICNEO Counselors in the
evaluation of neologisms proposed by CCCI researchers and for the issuance of technical advice.
Neology. All modern languages are renewed and expanded. The process for coining new words and meanings
is called Neology.
Definition. Ieda Alves (1996, page 13) mentions the definition of neologism according to ISO Standard 1087,
as a “term which has been newly coined or recently borrowed either from a foreign language or from another
area of knowledge”.
Motivation. Within the context of vocabulary development, the user of a certain language is innovating for
stylistic reasons or in order to name new concepts and realities.
Formation. However, it is important to take into account the word formation processes and the lexical renewal
mechanisms. This knowledge helps the neologist in identifying denominative gaps as well as in proposing new
terms.
Evolution. A further relevant aspect of the lexical renewal is that from it we can follow the evolutionary
process and consciential, cultural and social changes of the intraphysical society or a given community.
Neologistics. Therefore, Neology must reflect the evolutionary dynamics of languages and societies, the
development of Sciences as well as the creative freedom of their speakers and users.
Harmony. In agreement with this rationale, the Criteria for Creation and Evaluation of Neological Terms
have a less prescriptive connotation and a more indicative and harmonizing nature for the neologisms of
Conscientiology.
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Terminology. However, in the scientific fields, the neological coinage must contribute to a conceptual
accuracy, communicative ease, standardization, harmonization and the international terminological
establishment of the Science concerned.
Representativeness. This guarantees it a broader representativeness before the terminological framework of
that Science and the legitimacy of a consensus usage among researchers, while further contributing for the
establishment of this terminology across Sciences in general, according to Benveniste´s quotation:
“The establishment of its own terminology is a milestone in each and every Science. It
is the advent or the development of a new conceptualization, then, highlighting a
decisive moment in its history. One might even say that the particular history of a
Science is summarized in its specific terminology. A Science only comes into being or
starts to impose itself as long as it maintains and imposes its concepts through its
denominative field. It has no other resource to establish its legitimacy but to specify its
object by naming it, while this may be a set of phenomena, a new domain or a new
interaction process between specific data. The mental apparatus comprises mainly an
inventory of terms that list, configure or analyze the reality. The act of naming, that is,
the coinage of a term is at the same time the first and the last operation of a Science.”
(BENVENISTE apud KRIEGER & FINATTO, 2004, p. 17).
Criteria. Aiming at establishing neological structure patterns, the suggestion of principles and basic criteria to
create, evaluate and issue technical advice of neological terms as proposed by CCCI researchers follows in a
functional scale:
Methodological Principles
01. Corpus of Exclusion. The proposed term shall be technically considered a neologism if it has not yet been
published with the same meaning in any dictionary of the language which it belongs to. The Corpus of
Exclusion used by ICNEO in order to evaluate the neological nature of the lexical element comprises
dictionaries of Lexicomatics; VOLP (an abbreviation in Portuguese for [Spelling Vocabulary of the Portuguese
Language]); other technical dictionaries of several areas of the human knowledge and the Internet research tool
known as Google.
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02. Terminology. A neologism shall be in agreement with the linguistic policy of the language it was created
for, or translated into, as well as the planning policy and the international terminological standardization of
that Science. Examples: holosoma; gescon [consciential gestation]; cosmovisiology; orthothosene.
03. Motivation. A conscientiological neologism shall be created due to a clear motivation:
a.
b.
c.
To fill the denominative gaps for a new concept. Examples: serenão [serenissimus]; invéxis
[existential inversion]; consréu [reurbanized consciousness].
To replace an outworn term of a preexisting concept. Resignifications and terminological
renewals take place from the evolution of collective experiences, fruits of a deeper consciential
maturity, which trigger a reformulation of the scientific concepts. Example: in place of death,
desoma; of perispirit, psychosoma; of prana, immanent energy; of reincarnation, resoma; of
angel, helper.
To replace a terminological unit for a more suitable one with a view to a better terminological
harmonization. The neonym, which is not proper to the system of the language concerned or to
the terminological policy in force, even if consolidated, may be reviewed. The proposed term
must operate a productive terminological review for Conscientiology. Example: from
holochacra [holochakra] to energossoma [energosoma].
04. Usefulness. A term being used shall not be replaced without proper reasons. The usefulness of the lexical
coinage should be checked.
Note. Before the neologism coinage, it shall be verified if it does compete with a preexisting term. The real
need to coin another term for the same concept shall be taken into account, thus, avoiding a denominative
clutter. There are specific instances, in which the replacement acts in order to promote the terminological
standardization of the area, as in the example above: holochacra [holochakra] x energossoma [energosoma]
(soma; psicossoma e mentalsoma) [soma; psychosoma and mentalsoma].
05. Monovalence. In order to avoid ambiguities, inaccuracies and errors in the specialized communications,
the ideal would be that each base term refers only to 1 concept within the same field or technical-scientific
specialty. As a result, the conscientiological neologist shall avoid the massive amount of formal variants and
conceptual polisemy in the neological propositions. Example: Politologia [Politology], graphic variant, which
is not indicated in the conscientiological field, whereas the lexical term Politicologia [Politicology] is more
often used.
06. Definition. A proposal of a neonym shall be followed by the corresponding technical definition, though
provisional it may be. In Terminology, to define is to establish a term-concept-meaning link, by mapping the
semantic traits required for the precise conceptual identification. Therefore, it is the act or the effect of
circumscribing the concept, by establishing limits and differentiating it from the other ones in the same
scientific field. An ideal conscientiological definition shall register, among others, the technical specifications
as follows:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Presenting a direct, clear and objective language deprived of linguistic ambiguities and
terminological inaccuracies.
Operating the conceptual delimitation in an effective way.
Indicating the close genre (general features of the concept, which are represented by the early
generic component of the defining text: type, class, sort, category or field to which it belongs).
Identifying the specific difference (dissimilar characteristics of the concept, mapped by the
components of the defining text: distinctive semantic traits of the defined term).
Presenting internal coherence between form (signifier) and content of the defining text (concept,
meaning); namely, the definition shall contain exactly the semes, which comprise the indicated
meaning by the proposed term; for instance, if the term to be defined is mentalsoma, it is not
appropriate to define it as psychosoma.
Presenting linguistic-grammatical notes, encyclopedic notes and examples, where applicable.
Example: Consciential Openness.
Definition. Consciential openness is the advanced condition of a neophylic consciousness with omnilateral
openness of his/her self-thosenity to the knowledge concerning the consciousness´ evolution who is capable of
intentionally fulfill in the course of his/her own life the advanced evolutionary techniques of Conscientiology,
such as Cosmoethics, existential inversion, penta and petifreeness (VIEIRA, 2006, page 27).
07. Specialty. To verify the conscientiological specialty of the proposed neologism in order to evaluate the
productivity in the area. Examples: absurdo cosmoético [cosmoethical absurd] (technical term of Recexology);
cosmograma [cosmogram] (technical term of Cosmanálise [Cosmoanalysis]); projeção consciente [conscious
projection] (technical term of Projectiology).
Linguistic Principles
08. Sign. The proposed term, from the standpoint of the signifier, must be coherent with the exact
expression of the idea, meaning, to be recorded by the neologism (motivated coinage). The terminological
accuracy reached by the coined word, form, must be evaluated; if it actually represents, the concept, content, to
be mapped, in accordance with the standard conscientiological signification. Examples: proéxis [existential
program]; invéxis [existential inversion]; conscin [intraphysical consciousness]; consciex [extraphysical
consciousness] and acronyms in general.
09. Orthophony. The proposed term must bear an agreeable sound composition. It must neither present
cacophonous sound nor spurious semantic or conceptual distortions in as many different languages as possible.
The level of excellence of the orthophony reached by the neonym in several languages must be reviewed.
Examples: pensene [thosene], consciex livre [free extraphysical consciousness].
10. Borrowing. If it is not achievable to translate terms into another language, one may accept the form of
another language, borrowing, provided that spelling and sound are suitable for the idiom concerned, and there
are no derogatory implications. Examples: tenepes [penta] (loaned to Italian); projetarium, acloplamentarium,
retrossoma [retrosoma] (loaned to English); brainwashington (analogical term by borrowing from the English
brainwash to Portuguese).
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11. Morphosyntax. The lexical construction of the neologism shall meet the technical linguistic criteria
required for the word formation. It should be checked if the neologism complies with the grammatical rules of
the language, tailored to the prosodic, phonetic-phonological and orthographic system (See Annex 2 – Word
Structure in the Portuguese Language and Annex 3 – Word Formation Processes in the Portuguese Language).
Example of morphosyntatic analysis of a term:
Amparador [Helper] – term well fitted to the phonetic-phonological system of the Brazilian Portuguese, using
the bilabial consonant /m/ before the plosive phoneme /p/ according to the usual articulatory accommodation,
and the use of the term suffix – dor, which forms nouns and adjectives, meaning „job‟, „profession‟, or
someone who practices a certain action (defined by the verb stem); „agent‟; „instrument of action‟;
„apreciador‟ [admirer]; „carregador‟ [carrier]. This term may play different syntactic functions in diverse
speech contexts, for example that of a subject predicative in the sentence: “Ele é amparador” [“He is a
helper”].
12. Affixes. A neologism shall preferably be made up by Greek and Latin building blocks and related affixes.
Examples: holossoma [holosoma]; grupocarmalogia [groupkarmology]; cosmograma [cosmogram].
13. Derivation. The ideal term shall allow the formation of cognates and simple derived words (See annex 2).
14. Concision. A neologism shall comply with the principle of linguistic saving, by requiring the maximum
conciseness of the term. Preference should be given to the coinage of simple words instead of compound
expressions or complex terminological syntagmas, where appropriate. The level of excellence of the
neological synthesis must be considered. Examples: desperto [total, permanent intrusionless consciousness];
confor [content and form]; adcons [retrieved cons]; BEE (bibliografia, específica exaustiva) [exhaustive
specific bibliography]; FEP (ficha evolutiva pessoal) [personal evolutionary file].
Socio-terminological Principles
15. Register. A neologism shall be proper for the scientific language and valuable for the technical
communication within the conscientiological community.
16. Positivity. A neologism shall avoid negative and discriminatory connotations, which are harmful to the
interaction amongst consciousnesses inside and outside CCCI.
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17. Formalization. The accreditation (textual evidence) for the terminological collection and the assignment
of the term status is accomplished through research in technical texts and specialized publications (corpus
research). The greater the usage frequency in the corpus, the greater the productivity of the term for the
Science concerned. The minimum criterion of frequency in order to check if a term is productive for the
terminology of a given area is that it should have been recorded more than 1 time with the same meaning
(avoidance of hapax legomena – from hapax “only once” and legomenon “said”, “what is said”: occurrence
with single accreditation in the language history). Therefore, one shall verify the productive potential of the
proposed term in order to avoid the occurrence of pseudo-terms, unproductive words and hapax legomena.
Example: Soma (this is a non-neological term which was borrowed from Medicine: it is productive for the
Conscientiology terminology, then it is also a conscientiological term). It is highly recorded in the
conscientiological literature with that same basic meaning of Medicine for „physical body‟, although it
contains in this meaning distinctive semes of the conscientiological usage itself, such as: “physical vehicle of
manifestation of the Consciousness, which is part of the holosoma”.
18. Debate. The coinage and establishment of the neonym in the conscientiological terminology shall take
place by means of a debate at CCCI promoted by ICNEO, with a view to legitimize it, through a consensus
usage. Neologisms in other languages must be first discussed by native speakers of that language. Example:
Spanish terms must be discussed by the conscientiological community of Spain, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
and other Hispanic countries in accordance with ICNEO´s guidelines.
THE IDEAL CONSCIENTIOLOGICAL TERM MUST HAVE A FORM, WHICH IS
ADEQUATE TO ITS CONTENT, AND MUST NOT GENERATE A CACOPHONOUS
SOUND OR CONCEPTUAL DISTORTION, WHILE BEING GRAMATICALLY CORRECT,
CONCISE, USEFUL, POSITIVE AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE TERMINOLOGICAL
HARMONIZATION OF A GIVEN FIELD.
EXAMPLE: THOSENE.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
General Bibliography:
1.
2.
3.
Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda; Novo Aurélio Século XXI: o Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa; sup. rev.
Ana Lúcia Kronnemberger; XV + 2.128 p.; 28,5 x 21,5 x 7 cm; br.; 3ª Ed. revisada e ampliada; Nova Fronteira; Rio de
Janeiro, RJ; 1999.
Idem; Dicionário Aurélio Eletrônico; Versão 3.0; Lexikon Informática; 1999.
Houaiss, Antonio; Dicionário Eletrônico Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa; Versão 1.0; Instituto Antonio Houaiss;
Editora Objetiva Ltda; Dezembro, 2001; http://www.fflch.usp.br/dlcv/neo.
Specific Bibliography:
1.
Alves, Ieda Maria; Neologismos - Criação Lexical; Série Princípios; 94 p.; 11 caps.; 18 x 12 cm; br.; Editora Ática;
São Paulo, SP; 1990.
2. Idem; & Anjos, Eliane Dantas dos; Uma Experiência Terminológica: a Elaboração do Glossário de Termos
Neológicos da Economia; Artigo; Alfa: Revista de Linguística da Universidade Estadual Paulista; 1 enu.; 3 refs.;
1998; páginas 205-221.
3. Barros, Lídia Almeida; Curso Básico de Terminologia; Universidade de São Paulo (Acadêmica: 54); São Paulo, SP;
2004.
4. Câmara Jr., Joaquim Mattoso; Dicionário de Linguística e Gramática: Referente à Língua Portuguesa; 266 p.;
20,7 x 13,7 cm; br.; 25ª Ed.; Vozes; Petrópolis, RJ; 2004.
5. Carvalho, Nelly; Empréstimos Linguísticos; Série Princípios; 84 p.; 5 caps.; 18 x 12 cm; br.; Ática; São Paulo,
SP;1989.
6. Faulstich, Enilde; Da Linguística à Terminologia; Artigo; 30 p.; 17 enus.; cronologias; 22 refs.; Rio de Janeiro, RJ;
1997.
7. Krieger, Maria da Graça; & Finatto, Maria José Bocorny; Introdução à Terminologia; 224 p.; 23 x 16 cm; br.;
Contexto; São Paulo, SP; 2004.
8. Vieira, Waldo; 200 Teáticas da Conscienciologia; 260 p.; 200 caps.; 13 refs.; alf.; 21 x 14 cm; br.; Instituto
Internacional de Projeciologia e Conscienciologia (IIPC); Rio de Janeiro, RJ; 1997.
9. Idem; Enciclopédia da Conscienciologia; 772 p.; 240 caps.; ilus.; 15 tabs.; 5 índices; 1 sinopse; 18 refs.; alf.; geo.;
ono.; 28,7 x 21,5 x 3,8 cm; enc.; 1ª Ed. Protótipo; Associação Internacional do Centro de Altos Estudos da
Conscienciologia (CEAEC); Foz do Iguaçu, PR; 2006; p. 27.
10. Idem; Homo sapiens reurbanisatus; 1.584 p.; 479 caps.; 136 abrevs.; 40 ilus.; 7 índices; 102 sinopses; glos. 241
termos; 7.653 refs.; alf.; geo.; ono.; 27 x 21 x 7 cm; enc.; Associação Internacional do Centro de Altos Estudos da
Conscienciologia (CEAEC); Foz do Iguaçu, PR; 2003.
11. Idem; Projeciologia: Panorama das Experiências da Consciência Fora do Corpo Humano; 1.248 p.; 525 caps.;
150 abrevs.; 43 ilus.; 5 índices; 1 sinopse; glos. 300 termos; 2.041 refs.; alf.; geo.; ono.; 27 x 21 x 7 cm; enc.; 4ª Ed.
revisada e ampliada; Instituto Internacional de Projeciologia e Conscienciologia (IIPC); Rio de Janeiro, RJ; 1999;
página 40.
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Annex 1 – Evaluation Table for Neological Terms
Entry date at ICNEO:
Issue Date of the Technical Advice:
Proposer:
Specialty:
Term:
Definition:
Synonymy:
Antonymy:
Phraseology:
CRITERIA:
Methodological Principles
Excellent
Good
Average
Poor
Inappropriate
Does not apply
1. Corpus of Exclusion
2. Terminology
3. Motivation
4. Usefulness
5. Monovalence
6. Definition
7. Specialty
Linguistic Principles
8. Sign
9. Orthophony
10. Borrowing
11. Morphosyntax
12. Affixes
13. Derivation
14. Concision
Socio-terminological
principles
15. Register
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16. Positivity
TOTAL
ANALYSIS / JUSTIFICATIONS (Of Criteria):
TECHNICAL ADVICE OF THE COUNSELOR:
Counselor´s name:
Reviewed Bibliography.
Foz do Iguaçu – PR,
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Annex 2 – Word Structure in the Portuguese Language
Study. There is a need that each member of ICNEO studies the building blocks of a word, called morphemes
or morphemic elements.
Morphemes. The following are morphemes or morphemic elements of the Portuguese language:
1. Root. This element carries the basic meaning of a word, and it may receive other elements. Examples:
pedra [stone], pedreiro [bricklayer], pedrinha [small stone]; in Conscientiology, cosmoéticoteca
[cosmoethicotheca]; cosmograma [cosmogram].
2. Thematic Vowel. It prepares the root to receive endings as well as to indicate the conjugation to which
the verb belongs to. Examples: cantar [to sing], vender [to sell], partir [to leave]; in Conscientiology:
desassimilar [to de-assimilate]; autoproteger-se [to self-protect]; autoevoluir-se [to self-evolute].
Note. Not all verb forms have the thematic vowel. Example: parto [I leave] (root + ending).
3. Theme. It is the stem with the thematic vowel. Examples: choro [I cry], canta [He/she/it cries]; in
Conscientiology: pensenizo [I thosenize].
4.
Endings. They are elements that specify the inflexions presented by nouns and verbs. They are
subdivided into: Noun Endings; Verb Endings.
A. Noun Endings: indicate gender and number. The endings of gender are a and o; the endings of
number are s for the plural form, but the singular form does not have its own ending. Examples: gat
o, [male cat] root noun ending of gender. Gat o s [male cats]; ment ais soma s [mentalsomas]. In
Conscientiology: energossomas [energosomas]; energosferas [energospheres].
B. Verb Endings: indicate the mode, number, person and verb tense. Example:
cant á va mos [we sang]. Stem t.v e.m.t e.n.p.
5. Affixes. These elements are added to the roots to form new words. Affixes can be:
A.
Prefixes: when added before the root. Examples: inviável [unviable]; in Conscientiology:
antiporão [anti-consciential basement]; antimimese [anti-mimeticity].
B.
Suffixes: when added after the root. Examples: pedrada [a blow with a stone]; felizmente
[fortunately]; In Conscientiology: conscienciometrizar [to conscientiometrize]; assistenciologia
[assistentiology].
C.
Infixes: when added between the root. Segundo Câmara JR (2004, page 147), in the Portuguese
language there are no infixes as grammatical mechanisms. Only the reflex of the nasal infix of the
Indo-European verbs is left, sporadically kept in Latin to oppose infectum and perfectum (For
example: rumpo, past: rupi, past perfect), which diachronically accounts for the stem variants of the
Portuguese cognate forms (For example: romper, before roto: see Latin words rumpere, ruptu).
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6.
Vowels and Linking Consonants. These are elements placed between the morphemes (morphic
elements), in general, due to euphony reasons, that is, to facilitate the pronunciation of certain words.
Examples: silvícola (sylvan), paulada (clubbing), cafeicultura (coffee planting); in Conscientiology:
consciencioterapia (conscientiotherapy); projecioterapia (projectiotherapy).
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Annex 3 – Word Formation Processes in the Portuguese Language
1.
Derivation. This is a process in which new words (derived words) are coined from preexisting ones
(primitive words). It can happen in the following ways: By prefix; By suffix; Parasynthesis;
Regressive; Improper.
1.1 By prefix: derivation process in which 1 prefix is added to 1 root. Examples:
desfazer [undo], inútil [useless]; in Conscientiology: desassim [sympathetic de-assimilation];
autodisciplina [self-discipline].
1.2 By suffix: derivation process in which 1 suffix is added to 1 stem. Examples: carrinho [little car],
livraria [book store]; in Conscientiology: holoteca [holotheca]; acoplamentista [auric coupling
consciousness].
1.3 Parasynthesis: derivation process in which 1 prefix and 1 suffix are added to the word root at the
same time. Example: anoitecer [to grow dark], pernoitar [to spend the night]; in Conscientiology:
ressomática [resomatics]; dessomática [desomatics].
Note. There are words that are made up by prefix and suffix without being formed by parasynthesis. In
parasynthesis, the prefix and the suffix join the root at the same time. In order to verify such a derivation, one
should only remove both the prefix and the suffix of the word. If the word loses its meaning, then it was made
through the parasynthetic derivation process. If the word keeps its meaning, even removing the prefix and
suffix, it was formed by prefix and suffix derivation.
1.4 Regressive: a derivation process in which nouns are coined from verbs.
Example: Ninguém justificou o atraso [Nobody justified the delay] (from the verb “atrasar” to
delay). O debate foi longo [The debate was long] (from the verb “debater” to debate); in
Conscientiology: O pensene é indissociável da consciência [Thosene is inseparable from the
consciousness] (from the verb “pensenizar” to thosenize). A conscienciometria foi utilizada como
instrumento [Conscientiometry was used as a tool] (from the verb “conscienciometrizar” to
conscientiometrize).
1.5 Improper: a derivation process in which the grammatical class of Word is changed without
changing the form. Examples: O jantar estava ótimo [Dinner is excellent] (from the verb “jantar”
to dine); O autoevoluir é a prioridade no momento [Self-evolving is the current priority] (from the
verb “autoevoluir-se” to self-evolve). O autoassediar-se não é a melhor opção [Self-harassing is
not the best option] (from the verb “autoassediar-se” [to self-harass]).
2.
Composition. It is the process by which a word derives from the union of two or more stems. A
composition may take place in two different ways:
2.1 Juxtaposition: when there is no change in the words and they continue to be spoken (written)
in the same way as they were before the composition. Examples: girassol (gira + sol) [sunflower],
pé-de-moleque (pé + de + moleque) [a typical kind of cake]; in Conscientiology: mentalsoma
(mental + soma) [mentalsoma]; grupocarma (grupo + carma) [groupkarma].
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2.2
Agglutination: when there is a change in at least 1 of the words, either in spelling or in
pronunciation. Examples: planalto [plateau] (plano + alto); in Conscientiology: cosmanálise
(cosmo + análise) [cosmoanalysis].
3. Hybridism. It is a word formation process by blending elements from different languages.
Examples: automobile (auto – Greek + mobile – Latin), bureaucracy (bureau– French + cracy –
Greek); in Conscientiology: cosmoethics (cosmo – Greek + ethics – Latin).
4. Abbreviation or Reduction. Process of creating new words by shortening parts of longer words:
Examples: auto (automóvel) [automobile], quilo (quilograma) [kilogram], moto (motocicleta)
[motorcycle]; in Conscientiology: desô (desorientação existencial) [existential disorientation]; adcons
(cons recuperados) [retrieved cons*].
5. Onomatopeia. It is a word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound of animals or nature.
Examples: fonfom [honk], cocoricó [cock-a-doodle-do], tique-taque [tick-tock], boom; in
Conscientiology: raps projetivos [projective raps].
In a nutshell:
Neologism. A neologism is a linguistic novelty presented in a lexical form (word) or syntax (phrase). A lexical
neologism can comprise:
a. A new signifier related to a new concept.
b. A new signifier and an existing concept (formal neologism).
c. An existing signifier and a new concept (semantic neologism).
Structure. The word structure has a root (basic structural element), affixes (elements added to the root for new
word formation – Prefix and Suffix), endings (nominal – indicate gender and number and verbal – indicate
person, mode, tense and number of verbs), the thematic vowel (it indicates verb inflexions – a, e, i) and the
theme is the blending of the root with the thematic vowel.
Formation. Regarding the word formation processes we have both derivation, which is subdivided into the
prefix, suffix, parasynthesis, regressive and improper processes and composition, which is subdivided into
juxtaposition and agglutination processes. In addition to these two processes, we have hybridism,
onomatopoeia and abbreviation as secondary processes for word formation.
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* A con is the hypothetical unit of measurement of the level of lucidity of the intraphysical or extraphysical consciousness.
1

Criteria for the Creation and Evaluation of Neological Terms

Transcrição

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Paraná - Lonely Planet

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