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Energia Eólica
Clipping
04 de dezembro de 2009 – Sexta-Feira – N# 257
Clipping
Energia Eólica tem o objetivo de reunir dados e informações relevantes ao setor de energia eólica,
transformando-os em conhecimento, contextualizando-os e disponibilizando-os para a prática de Inteligência
Competitiva nas empresas.
Quintanilha Machado só em 2010
Elisângela Mendonça – Portal EnergiaHoje – 03/12/2009
Grandes negócios na rota de Copenhague
Valor Econômico – 03/12/2009
An exclusive look at the new Siemens 3-MW direct-drive turbine
Eize de Vries – Wind Technology – 03/12/2009
Northland completes 127-MW Jardin d’Eole wind farm
Renewable Energy World – Toronto / CAN – 03/12/2009
GL certifies 3.6-MW offshore wind turbine
Renewable Energy World – Shangai / CHI – 03/12/2009
Intertek certifies first large Wind turbine gearbox in US
Renewable Energy World – Chicago / USA – 03/12/2009
National grid to buy electricity from Cape Wind
Renewable Energy World – Boston / USA – 03/12/2009
Clipping Energia Eólica – página 1/8
Expansão
Quintanilha Machado só em 2010
Elisângela Mendonça – Portal EnergiaHoje – 03/12/2009
As obras do parque eólico de Quintanilha Machado (135 MW), em Arraial do Cabo (RJ), devem começar em
janeiro de 2010, garantiu o presidente da Siif Énergies, Marcelo Picchi. Esta é a terceira vez - somente em
2009 - que a empresa francesa prorroga o início da construção da usina por conta de entraves burocráticos e
ambientais.
Anteriormente prevista para outubro deste ano, a implantação da unidade teve que ser adiada até que o
impasse com a aviação seja resolvida. “Já está praticamente resolvido esse problema no aeroporto de Cabo
Frio com a instalação do ILS, equipamento que facilita pousos e decolagens”, explicou o executivo. A
expectativa é que a obra seja entregue em novembro do ano que vem.“Vamos atuar com quatro equipes de
trabalho em um ritmo acelerado para recuperar o cronograma”, disse Picchi.
O projeto, que prevê a instalação de 54 aerogeradores com 2,5 MW de potência cada, já possui a licença de
instalação emitida pelo Inea. A empresa renegocia atualmente os contratos de equipamentos para o
empreendimento. A expectativa é que os preços dos materiais sejam reajustados para baixo, o que implicará
em uma redução de até 20% no orçamento total da obra. Inicialmente, os investimentos previstos para a
usina carioca são de R$ 700 milhões.
Portfólio
A empresa é responsável pelos parques de Foz do Rio Choró (25,2MW) e Paracuru (23,4 MW) e Praia
Formosa (104,4 MW), todos no Ceará. Este último, localizado em Camocim, sofreu um acidente no último
dia 21 de novembro, causado por uma explosão em um dos aerogeradores fornecidos pela Suzlon. Picchi
contou ao EnergiaHoje que diferentemente do que informou a Defensoria Pública do Ceará, a empresa
avisou às autoridades pertinentes – a prefeitura e a comunidade do entorno – assim que houve o acidente.
As causas da explosão e a identificação dos prejuízos ainda está sendo apurada pela companhia. “O ocorrido
foi um fato isolado e não causou nenhum dano à população da região”, observou o presidente da Siif.
Meio Ambiente
Grandes negócios na rota de Copenhague
Valor Econômico – 03/12/2009
Negócios bilionários e boas intenções vão se encontrar em Copenhague na próxima semana. Grandes
oportunidades de lucro reforçam a causa ambiental e elas dependem do que for decidido na Conferência do
Clima. Reduzir ao máximo a dependência de petróleo e as demais fontes de energia fóssil é agora um
imperativo econômico. O petróleo está se tornando um bem escasso, caro demais e 70% de suas reservas
localizam-se nas regiões mais instáveis do mundo. Mesmo com a maior recessão em quase cem anos, o preço
do barril praticamente não caiu abaixo dos US$ 35, quase o quádruplo dos US$ 9 do valor anterior, no fim
dos anos 90. Livrar-se da dependência energética externa tornou-se um mantra da administração do
presidente Barack Obama. "A única questão é: quais países inventarão, fabricarão e exportarão as
tecnologias limpas e quais países se tornarão dependentes de produtos de fora?", resume Steven Chu,
secretário da Energia dos EUA.
Deter o aquecimento global tornou-se uma nova fronteira a partir da qual é possível auferir grandes lucros e,
claro, poder global. Ainda que sua fatia seja hoje diminuta, as energias renováveis crescem
exponencialmente. Em 2007 e 2008 elas atraíram investimentos globais acima dos US$ 100 bilhões anuais.
Mas elas são apenas uma parte da história. Se forem incluídos os produtos "verdes", o mercado potencial
chega a fantásticos US$ 4,7 trilhões em 2020, segundo projeção da consultoria Roland Berger. Há uma
corrida pela vantagem tecnológica, com fantásticas recompensas para quem estiver na dianteira. "A
revolução verde já começou e em 2020 a tecnologia verde será maior que a indústria automobilística e de
engenharia na Alemanha", prevê Peter Löscher, presidente da Siemens, a líder europeia em engenharia
("Financial Times", 24 de novembro). Löscher coloca dinheiro para sustentar suas palavras. O portfólio
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"verde" da Siemens atingiu US$ 34 bilhões no ano fiscal terminado em 30 de setembro. A General Electric,
com sua "ecoimagination", amealhou US$ 17 bilhões e projeta US$ 25 bilhões em 2010. O alvo de outra
gigante, a Philips, é obter 30% das receitas com a venda de produtos ambientalmente amigáveis.
Os recursos destinados a projetos de tecnologia limpa são relevantes e crescentes. Até 2013, China, Japão e
Coreia do Sul despejarão US$ 509 bilhões neles e os EUA, mais US$ 172 bilhões nos EUA no período
("FT", 19 de novembro). Para cortar as emissões de CO2 pela metade até 2050 em relação ao nível de 2005,
serão necessários investimentos de US$ 45 trilhões, estima a Agência Internacional de Energia.
Em 2008, o aumento da capacidade instalada de energias não fósseis foi superior ao das fontes
convencionais. A Europa e os EUA estão na dianteira nas energias renováveis, com a China se aproximando
deles. A China é o país com maior capacidade instalada dessas energias, com 76 gigawatts (mas nem toda ela
integrada a uma rede de transmissão), seguida pelos EUA (40 GW), Alemanha (34 GW), Espanha (22 GW),
Índia (13 GW) e Japão (8 GW), mostra um detalhado estudo da divisão de mudança climática do braço de
gestão de fortunas do Deutsche Bank. As posições oscilam de acordo com a fonte da energia. Os EUA
investiram US$ 24 bilhões (20% do investimento global) e ultrapassaram a Alemanha em energia eólica. A
China bateu o Japão na liderança da produção de células fotovoltaicas para captação da energia solar.
Do investimento total, a energia eólica recebeu a maior fatia, US$ 52 bilhões em 2008, ante US$ 34 bilhões
para a solar, US$ 17 bilhões para biocombustíveis e US$ 8 bilhões para a biomassa. A energia eólica é a
campeã em capacidade instalada, com 43% do total, seguida pelas pequenas hidrelétricas (30%), biomassa
(18%) e solar (5%). Apesar de 80 países terem instalações comerciais para usar a energia eólica, quase toda
ela concentra-se na Europa. Ninguém bateu a China até agora no aproveitamento de pequenas e grandes
centrais hidrelétricas. E a Espanha tornou-se a líder mundial em energia solar, com 2,8 GW e sedia a maior
unidade do mundo em Olmedilla de Alarcon.
Para bancar as energias renováveis, que são capital intensivas, havia "project finance" de US$ 47,8 bilhões
em 2008. Cerca de 28% desses projetos foram feitos na Europa e 15% nas Américas. Dos projetos que estão
sendo montados ainda, quase metade vai para os EUA, um quarto para a Ásia e 15% para a Europa. Os
bancos tiveram receitas de US$ 500 milhões com a comercialização de créditos de carbono e o futuro é
promissor. Este mercado pode mover US$ 2 trilhões em 2020, prevê a consultoria McKinsey.
Há mais bilhões nessas contas. As legislações nacionais de estímulo a medidas que reduzam emissões, feitas
pelo Deutsche Asset Management, chegam a US$ 212 bilhões, excluindo a China. Um quarto desse total
destina-se à eficiência energética. Transporte de massa e carros "limpos" ocupam boa parte dos recursos
restantes.
A economia de baixo carbono vai modificar a paisagem humana e os carros elétricos são hoje uma aposta
transcontinental, com a China igualmente no páreo. A Peugeot , uma das pioneiras, quer uma nova linha
deles rodando na França no ano que vem, antes que sua rival Renault chegue com seus quatro modelos a
partir de 2011. O governo americano dará US$ 7,5 mil, o inglês, US$ 8,2 mil e o chinês US$ 8,8 mil ao
comprador de um veículo elétrico. Ainda há grandes desafios tecnológicos pela frente. Baterias de lítio estão
sendo testadas, mas tudo nos carros será transformado para torná-los mais leves e econômicos, da
aerodinâmica a novos materiais.
Os gastos com pesquisa e desenvolvimento ainda engatinham e tecnologias revolucionárias não aparecerão
tão cedo. Mas é a dianteira tecnológica que definirá os vencedores na economia verde. Nesse ponto, o futuro
continua desagradavelmente parecido com o passado e os países ricos dominam. A organização britânica
Chatam House vasculhou 57 mil patentes de tecnologia de energias limpas e constatou que, apesar do
progresso de Brasil, Índia e China, nenhuma de suas companhias ou organizações estavam nas dez primeiras
colocações em qualquer setor analisado. O Brasil detinha, em 2008, 1,2% do total de patentes ambientais,
segundo estudo da Bruegel, "think tank" belga.
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Tecnologia
An exclusive look at the new Siemens 3-MW direct-drive turbine
Eize de Vries – Wind Technology – 03/12/2009
Little over a year after Siemens erected its first 3.6-MW direct-drive "Proof of Concept" wind turbine, this
November the company presented a new rather different 3-MW direct-drive concept.
RenewableEnergyWorld.com was exclusively invited to the Brande HQ in Denmark to view the prototype
and discuss the new turbine with Siemens CTO Henrik Stiesdal. A prototype was erected near Brande during
the first week of December.
Proof of Concept
The first concept prototype was erected in July 2008 and a second in March of this year. The most important
functional aspect of this “Proof of concept” test trial was exchanging the gearbox and generator of a
conventionally geared 3.6-MW SWT-3.6-107 with a direct-drive generator. The concept turbine drive system
also includes a rotating main shaft supported by two bearings, whereby the upwind rotor is located in front
and the generator behind the tower.
Since the test set-up essentially includes only one main variable, a scientifically sound drive-system
comparison can be conducted. Stiesdal said that these two machines have proved themselves faster than
expected, including a high availability almost from day one and trouble-free operation of the generators with
operating temperatures remaining favurably modest.
Stiesdal explained that the “main lessons learned underline the long process required from [the] ideas phase
to a “Proof of concept” machine. Secondly, the optimization required cost calculation models that are not
readily available.”
He said that the company “discovered that relevant and competent generator suppliers originate from
‘Design to Project’ practices, and not from parties focused at ‘Design to Manufacture.’ All of this took time
to get aligned.
System Layout
The new highly compact 3-MW
IEV WC IA turbine features a 101metre rotor diameter and a
cylindrically shaped nacelle.
Visually the turbine is
characterized by a large prominent
cooling radiator unit located at the
nacelle rear, while the
characteristic long and tapering
Siemens nose cone has been
exchanged for a substantially
shorter solution.
A key conceptual difference with
the concept turbine is that the
annular generator has moved to the
front of the tower. This directdrive system layout is also taken
from (earlier) turbine models that were developed by direct drive pioneers like Enercon and Vensys of
Germany and former Lagerwey/Zephyros of the Netherlands.
The main structural element of this 3-MW Siemens direct-drive system is a cast main carrier accommodating
eight yaw motors, whereas the generator and rotor assembly as a unit are bolted to its inclined vertical
mounting flange. Furthermore, a hollow stationary main pin with the main bearings is an integral part of the
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generator assembly and provides easy (service) access to the rotor hub internal workings. Both the rotor hub
and rotor blades originate from the 2.3-MW SWT-2.3-101 turbine model.
Inverted Generator
For this turbine Siemens worked together with partners to develop a new fully enclosed liquid-cooled
permanent magnet type generator. Siemens Large Drives based in Berlin, Germany, provided the generator
for the prototype for the turbine prototype but in the future there will be additional suppliers.
The electric machine itself is, in power-engineering terms, known as an inverted radial-flux generator. A key
difference with “conventional” radial-flux generators is that the generator-rotor with its magnets facing
inside now turns around the stator part. As a consequence this 2-plus-meter-long generator-rotor is directly
exposed to the outside environment, and represents a substantial section of total nacelle length.
Stiesdal explained that there were a number of specific reasons for choosing the inverted generator layout:
“Annular generators are by definition big in size, which puts high demand on structural component stiffness,
and that in turn is necessary for guaranteeing a constant air gap retention between generator-rotor and stator.”
He further explained: “adding sufficient structural strength to the stator of a conventional generator by
definition results into a substantial outside diameter increase, which potentially contributes to more complex
transport logistics. With an inverted generator by contrast, ample space is available for adding stator support
structure towards the centre. Our comparative concept analysis clearly showed that inverted generators can
be built more compact compared to conventional radial flux equivalents.”
Lightning Protection
The compact nacelle cover with integrated lightning protection is further fitted with an onboard crane for
easier heavy component exchange, including yaw motors, hydraulic pitch parts, etc. Components as well as
people (in case of an emergency) can be lowered to the ground through a hatch located in the nacelle cover’s
rear section. Main power electronics, including power cabinets, a full converter and a medium-voltage
transformer, are all located at three levels in the tower foot similar to the 2.3-MW turbine series arrangement.
When asked why Siemens had chosen a new 3-MW class direct-drive turbine, Stiesdal commented: “Some
initial findings indicated that the costs per unit of torque (Nm) decrease when power rating goes up and that
at a 3.6-MW rating [the] break-even point seems likely. Our expectations were therefore that a direct-drive
concept mainly offers a commercially viable alternative for large offshore turbines. However, we now have
sufficient indications that the concept might also be feasible for the high-end high-volume market, and do
hope that this machine will prove competitive with our 2.3-MW volume turbine series.’
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Early in 2010 Siemens will begin an assembly-line system for the 2.3-MW and 3.6-MW series, the major
benefits of which are expected to be substantially reduced assembly time per turbine and optimized factory
floor utilization.
Added Value
Another key issue Stiesdal explicitly addressed is what a direct-drive solution can offer in terms of added
value to customers. He explained that all manufacturers “feel the heat” of press reports on gearbox failures,
but also stressed that his company has successfully built geared wind turbines since 1980.
Stiesdal quoted the results of a 2008 survey on a substantial number of (former Bonus) turbines installed
during the mid 1980’s in California. He said that even after more than 20 years, “96% of these installations
were still running well.” He also said that the systems were so reliable that the company was able to reduce
service time from twice per year to only once per year.
So while it is evident that geared turbines will remain a reliable, competitive alternative for many years to
come, it’s important to note that a switch to direct-drive reduces the number of turbine components by 50%.
This will make it easier to convince customers of the long-term income stability on their capital investment
not to mention that 50% fewer parts to handle also turns into a real cost advantage during high-volume
turbine manufacture.
Offshore Applications
Siemens currently has more 450 of the upgraded 3.6-MW SWT-3.6-120 turbines on backlog. In the future
Siemens will offer the new 3-MW turbine model for offshore applications, but only after successfully
completing a rigorous product testing and optimizing period followed by a careful series production rampup.
Stiesdal said that, “at this moment it is far to early to elaborate on 3-MW series production timing, as we first
want to see how the turbine performs in the field. That is the way we always did it, and know based upon
these experiences that there will always be issues with a new turbine model, smart design concepts
included.”
Expansão
Northland completes 127-MW Jardin d’Eole wind farm
Renewable Energy World – Toronto / CAN – 03/12/2009
Northland Power Income Fund announced that the 127.5-megawatt (MW) Jardin d'Eole wind farm project
near Matane, Quebec, will begin commercial operations under the terms of its power purchase agreement
with Hydro-Quebec this week. The project employs 85 General Electric 1.5-MW wind turbines.
The Jardin d'Eole project will sell electricity to Hydro-Quebec under a 20-year Power Purchase Agreement
that was awarded to Northland Power in the 2003 Hydro-Quebec Call for Tenders for wind power. The
project will also receive a portion of the federal EcoEnergy incentive for wind power for 10 years.
"We are very proud of the whole team that brought in this project 11 days ahead of schedule and well within
its $268 million total budget," said John Brace, president and CEO of the fund. "The effort involved
tremendous cooperation with Hydro-Quebec and support from all levels of government in Quebec, especially
the RCM of Matane and the municipalities of Saint-Ulric, Saint-Leandre and the City of Matane, who did so
much to make this project happen. Our EPC contractor, Borea Construction, did a great job in delivering the
project ahead of schedule. And, with over 60 landowners providing land for the turbines and infrastructure,
we look forward to a long and close relationship with our community partners in the St Ulric and St Leandre
area."
The wind farm was built by Borea Construction ULC. In total, the project represents an investment of over
CAN $100 million in the Gaspesie economy and an additional $20 million in the Quebec economy outside
the Gaspesie, and will provide ongoing employment to 10 local service and operations staff.
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Tecnologia
GL certifies 3.6-MW offshore wind turbine
Renewable Energy World – Shangai / CHI – 03/12/2009
Shanghai Electric Wind-power Equipment Co. Ltd. (SEWIND) and Germanischer Lloyd (GL) have signed a
contract for type certification of a 3.6 MW offshore wind turbine. GL's services under the contract include
Development Accompanying Assessment (DAA) and Design Assessment.
SEWIND's turbine will be certified according to the "GL Guideline for Certification of Offshore
WindTurbines".
"The export chances of certified wind turbines are much higher than those without," said Mike Woebbeking,
deputy head of renewables certification at GL.
Type certification comprises design assessment, implementation of the design requirements in production
and erection, evaluation of quality management and prototype testing.
Tecnologia
Intertek certifies first large Wind turbine gearbox in US
Renewable Energy World – Chicago / USA – 03/12/2009
Intertek has issued the first electrical safety certification of a large wind turbine gearbox in North America,
for GE Drivetrain Technologies, a unit of GE Transportation. The ETL Listed Mark will ensure that GE's
equipment will be accepted by safety inspectors throughout North America.
By getting certification for the major electrical and mechanical components such as the gearbox, GE ensures
that there is a reduced chance of compliance challenges from inspectors.
“The lack of a U.S. national standard for wind turbines has slowed the growth of wind power in key states,”
said Ann Ruggles, global business manager for Intertek’s wind power services. “In response, Intertek has
stepped up with certification options that result in a quicker approval process. This ensures the greatest
revenue potential for manufacturers, provides additional confidence to installers and inspectors, and delivers
clean renewable energy solutions to the market.”
Confusion on the regulatory requirements for product safety compliance for wind turbines has often lead to
state, local and provincial inspectors delaying completion of wind turbine projects until owners or
manufacturers can provide evidence that their product complies with applicable product safety standards.
Expansão
National grid to buy electricity from Cape Wind
Renewable Energy World – Boston / USA – 03/12/2009
Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick this week announced that National Grid and Cape Wind have agreed
to enter into negotiations for a long-term contract under which the utility would purchase the electricity
generated by Cape Wind. The Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is expected to be a critical requirement for
financing the proposed offshore wind farm in Nantucket Sound. The PPA still has to go through state
regulatory review.
“For both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and launching the offshore wind industry that will achieve
those reductions, it is essential for Cape Wind, like offshore wind in general, to move from wishful thinking
to reality,” Governor Patrick said. “A contract with an electric distribution utility like National Grid will
move Cape Wind one step closer to reality.”
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National Grid is expected to file a Memorandum of Understanding with Cape Wind that includes the
rationale for the deal, as well as the timelines by which the parties will pursue an agreement, with the state
Department of Public Utilities (DPU). If DPU gives approval to the process, National Grid and Cape Wind
will enter into a mutually agreeable long-term contract and submit any final pact to DPU for review and
approval.
“Today’s announcement is a demonstration of how the Patrick Administration’s vision and desire for a
cleaner, more secure energy future will put Massachusetts at the forefront of the emerging offshore wind
industry,” said Jim Gordon, president of Cape Wind. “We look forward to working with National Grid to
deliver Cape Wind’s energy, economic and environmental benefits to the region.”
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