função ns nullwindow this.window

O pacote tcltk
Prof. Marcos Oliveira Prates
Departamento de Estatística – UFMG
[email protected]
Slides by Prof. Marcelo A Costa
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“The windows, icons, and menus, as well as other
graphical controls such as buttons, sliders and text
fields, have come to be known as widgets”.
Widget type hierarchy
2
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Cada widget tem um “parent”, no qual
está contido, exceto a “top-level
window”, que não possui “parent”, e
funciona como “root of the tree” (raiz
da árvore.
“Child widgets” estão contidas dentro
do retângulo de seus “parents”.
Widgets que contém outras widgets
são clamadas de “containers”.
Combinando widgets “primitivas” como
“labels”
e
“icons”
dentro
de
“containers”, permite a criação de
interfaces mais complexas.
Um “container” é responsável pela
alocação
de
espaço
para
seus
“children”
Window
Vertical Box
Horizontal Box
Image
Label
Horizontal Box
List View
Horizontal Box
Button
Button
3
file.choose()
choose.dir()
4
require(tcltk)
tkmessageBox(message="Do you want to save before quitting?",
icon="question",
type="yesnocancel",
default="yes")
## icon = "info", "error", "warning", "question".
## type = "ok", "okcancel", "retrycancel", "yesno", or
##
"yesnocancel"
5
# Load the tcltk package
require(tcltk)
# Create a new toplevel window
tt <- tktoplevel()
## Define o titulo da interface
tkwm.title(tt,"A parabola")
# Create a button whose function (command) is to destroy the window
OK.but <- tkbutton(tt,text="OK", command = function() tkdestroy(tt) )
# Place the button on the window, using the grid manager.
tkgrid(OK.but)
# Now, bring the window to the focus, using tkfocus. (This will not work
# if the code is run from RGui, because the focus will automatically
# return to RGui, but it will work if the code is copied and pasted into
# a script file and run using
# Rterm < scriptfile.R > scriptfile.Rout
tkfocus(tt)
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# Load the tcltk package
require(tcltk)
# Create a new toplevel window
tt <- tktoplevel()
# Give the window a title
tkwm.title(tt,"Simple Dialog")
# Create a variable to keep track of the state of the dialog window:
#
If the window is active,
done = 0
#
If the window has been closed using the OK button,
done = 1
#
If the window has been closed using the Cancel button or destroyed, done = 2
done <- tclVar(0)
# Create two buttons and for each one, set the value of the done variable
# to an appropriate value.
OK.but <- tkbutton(tt,text=" OK ",
command=function() tclvalue(done)<-1)
Cancel.but <- tkbutton(tt,text="Cancel",command=function() tclvalue(done)<-2)
# Place the two buttons on the same row in their assigned window (tt).
tkgrid(OK.but,Cancel.but)
# Capture the event "Destroy" (e.g. Alt-F4 in Windows) and when this happens,
# assign 2 to done.
tkbind(tt,"<Destroy>",function() tclvalue(done)<-2)
tkfocus(tt)
# Do not proceed with the following code until the variable done is non-zero.
# (But other processes can still run, i.e. the system is not frozen.)
tkwait.variable(done)
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#
#
#
#
The variable done is now non-zero, so we would like to record its value before
destroying the window tt. If we destroy it first, then done will be set to 2
because of our earlier binding, but we want to determine whether the user pressed
OK (i.e. see whether done is equal to 1).
doneVal <- as.integer(tclvalue(done))
tkdestroy(tt)
if(doneVal==1) tkmessageBox(message="You pressed OK!")
if(doneVal==2)
tkmessageBox(message="You either pressed Cancel or destroyed the dialog!")
Outro exemplo:
http://bioinf.wehi.edu.au/~wettenhall/RTclTkExamples/modalDialog.html
8
# Load the tcltk package
require(tcltk)
PressedOK <- function()
{
tkmessageBox(message="You pressed OK!")
}
tt <- tktoplevel()
OK.but <- tkbutton(tt,text="OK",command=PressedOK)
tkgrid(OK.but)
tkfocus(tt)
9
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
labelText <- tclVar("This is a text label")
label1
<- tklabel(tt,text=tclvalue(labelText))
tkconfigure(label1 ,textvariable=labelText)
tkgrid(label1)
ChangeText
<- function() tclvalue(labelText) <- "This text label has changed! "
ChangeText.but <- tkbutton(tt, text="Change text label", command=ChangeText)
tkgrid(ChangeText.but)
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## Define uma fonte
fontTextLabel <- tkfont.create(family="courier",size=11)
changeText.but <- tkbutton(tt,
text="Change text label",
command=ChangeText,
width=10,
font=fontTextLabel)
11
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
rb1 <- tkradiobutton(tt)
rb2 <- tkradiobutton(tt)
rbValue <- tclVar("oranges")
tkconfigure(rb1,variable=rbValue,value="apples")
tkconfigure(rb2,variable=rbValue,value="oranges")
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Which do you prefer?"))
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Apples "),rb1)
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Oranges "),rb2)
OnOK <- function()
{
rbVal <- as.character(tclvalue(rbValue))
tkdestroy(tt)
if (rbVal=="apples")
tkmessageBox(message="Good choice! An apple a day keeps the doctor away!")
if (rbVal=="oranges")
tkmessageBox(message="Good choice! Oranges are full of Vitamin C!")
}
OK.but <- tkbutton(tt,text="OK",command=OnOK)
tkgrid(OK.but)
tkfocus(tt)
12
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
cb
<- tkcheckbutton(tt)
cbValue <- tclVar(“1")
tkconfigure(cb,variable=cbValue)
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="I like R TclTk "),cb)
OnOK <- function()
{
cbVal <- as.character(tclvalue(cbValue))
tkdestroy(tt)
if (cbVal=="1")
tkmessageBox(message="So do I!")
if (cbVal=="0")
tkmessageBox(message="You forgot to check the box!",icon="warning")
}
OK.but <- tkbutton(tt,text="OK",command=OnOK)
tkgrid(OK.but)
tkfocus(tt)
13
14
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
txt <- tktext(tt, height=5)
## see "http://www.tkdocs.com/tutorial/index.html"
tkpack(txt)
## tclvalue(tkget(txt,"0.0","end"))
15

Implemente uma interface gráfica para a
função read.table()
16
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
combo.names <- c("opcao 1",
"opcao 2",
"opcao 3")
##Cria o ComboBox e define a 1a opcao como selecionada
comboBoxVar
<- tclVar()
## Define o primeiro nome como a "referencia"
tclvalue(comboBoxVar) <- combo.names[1]
comboBox01 <- ttkcombobox(tt, values=combo.names,
textvariable=comboBoxVar)
tkgrid(comboBox01)
tkfocus(tt)
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require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
frameOverall <- tkframe(tt)
frameUpper
<- tkframe(frameOverall, relief="groove",borderwidth=2)
tkgrid(tklabel(frameUpper,text="Text in the upper frame"))
frameLower <- tkframe(frameOverall,relief="groove",borderwidth=2)
tkgrid(tklabel(frameLower,text="Text in the lower frame"))
tkgrid(frameUpper)
tkgrid( tklabel(frameOverall,
text="Text between the upper and lower frames"))
tkgrid(frameLower)
tkgrid(frameOverall)
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Borders

You can display a border around the frame widget;
you see this a lot where you might have a part of
the user interface looking "sunken" or "raised" in
relation to its surroundings. To do this, you need
to set the "borderwidth" configuration option
(which defaults to 0, so no border), as well as the
"relief" option, which specifies the visual
appearance of the border: "flat" (default), "raised",
"sunken", "solid", "ridge", or "groove".
http://www.tkdocs.com/tutorial/widgets.html#frame19
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
frame.A <- ttklabelframe(tt, text="Selecione uma opcao“)
combo.names <- c("opcao 1",
"opcao 2",
"opcao 3")
##Cria o ComboBox e define a 1a opcao como selecionada
comboBoxVar
<- tclVar()
## Define o primeiro nome como a "referencia"
tclvalue(comboBoxVar) <- combo.names[1]
comboBox01 <- ttkcombobox(frame.A, values=combo.names,
textvariable=comboBoxVar)
tkgrid(comboBox01)
tkgrid(frame.A)
tkfocus(tt)
20
require(tcltk)
tt<-tktoplevel()
Name <- tclVar("")
entry.Name <-tkentry(tt,width="20",textvariable=Name)
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Please enter your first name."))
tkgrid(entry.Name)
OnOK <- function()
{
NameVal <- tclvalue(Name)
tkdestroy(tt)
msg <- paste("You have a nice name,",NameVal)
tkmessageBox(message=msg)
}
OK.but <-tkbutton(tt,text="
OK
",command=OnOK)
tkbind(entry.Name, "<Return>",OnOK)
tkgrid(OK.but)
tkfocus(tt)
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
Crie uma interface gráfica para a
seguinte função do R:

plot(x, y, type=c("l", "p"),
main=XXX, xlab=XXX, ylab=XXX,
cex=c(1,2,3), lwd=c(1,2,3))

Use a base de dados:
“centers.txt”
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require(tcltk)
tclRequire("BWidget")
# Type B or C in the text entry field and press the button "Get
values". # This will update the values in the dropdown field
tt <- tktoplevel()
tkwm.title(tt,"Test GUI")
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Test label"))
ttframe<-tkframe(tt,relief="groove",borderwidth=2)
x<<-cbind(x=rep(LETTERS[1:3],each=4),y=1:12)
v<-tclVar("A")
z<-x[x[,1]==tclvalue(v),2]
entry.v<-tkentry(ttframe,width="30",textvariable=v)
label.v<-tklabel(ttframe,text=tclvalue(v))
tkconfigure(label.v,textvariable=v)
tkgrid(entry.v)
tkgrid(tklabel(ttframe,text=""))
tkgrid(label.v)
getVal<-function(){
z<-x[x[,1]==tclvalue(v),2]
tkconfigure(comboBox,values=z)
}
comboBox<-tkwidget(ttframe,"ComboBox",editable=FALSE,values=z)
button.getValues<-tkbutton(ttframe,text="Get values",command=getVal)
tkgrid(comboBox,button.getValues)
tkgrid(ttframe)
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text=""))
tkfocus(tt)
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24-06-2010 22:50, Greg Snow:
> Create and pack a combo box (possibly with dummy entries), then
when you want to dynamically change the options call tkconfigure(
comboboxobject, values = vectorwithvalues )
>
> I think that should work, but have not tested it specifically
for your case (my tkexamp function in the TeachingDemos package
does something like this, but not after an entry has been
filled).
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-gui/2010-June/001059.html
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require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
## Cria uma variavel com o valor "inicial"
SliderValue <- tclVar("50")
SliderValueLabel <- tklabel(tt, text=as.character(tclvalue(SliderValue)))
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Slider Value : "),
SliderValueLabel,
tklabel(tt,text="%"))
## Vincula a variavel ao nome
tkconfigure(SliderValueLabel, textvariable=SliderValue)
## Cria o slider
slider <- tkscale(tt, from=100, to=0,
showvalue=F, variable=SliderValue,
resolution=1, orient="vertical")
tkgrid(slider)
tkfocus(tt)
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x <- rnorm(100)
hist(x, prob=TRUE)
lines(density(x, bw=0.3), lwd=2, col='red')
rug(x)
0.0
0.1
0.2
Density
0.3
0.4
Histogram of x
-2
-1
0
1
x
2
3
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aula12_tcltk_exemplo02.R
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density(x, bw = "nrd0", adjust = 1,
kernel = c("gaussian", "epanechnikov", "rectangular",
"triangular", "biweight",
"cosine", "optcosine"),
weights = NULL, window = kernel, width,
give.Rkern = FALSE,
n = 512, from, to, cut = 3, na.rm = FALSE, ...)
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require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Here is a centered string of text."))
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Left"),sticky="w")
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Right"),sticky="e")
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text=" ")) # Blank line
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text=" ")) # Blank line
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Here is a much longer string of text, which takes
up two columns."),columnspan=2)
LeftLabel <- tklabel(tt,text="Left") # Here, Left and Right labels
RightLabel <- tklabel(tt,text="Right") # are in separate rows.
tkgrid(LeftLabel,RightLabel)
tkgrid.configure(LeftLabel,sticky="w")
tkgrid.configure(RightLabel,sticky="e")
LeftLabel2 <- tklabel(tt,text="LeftAligned")
RightLabel2 <- tklabel(tt,text="RightAligned")
tkgrid(RightLabel2,LeftLabel2) # Here, Left and Right labels are in the
same row
tkgrid.configure(RightLabel2,sticky="e")
tkgrid.configure(LeftLabel2,sticky="w")
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text=" ")) # Blank line
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text=" ")) # Blank line
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="This sentence takes up two rows,\n but only one
column"),rowspan=2)
tkfocus(tt)
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require(tcltk)
library(tkrplot)
## Define o tamanho horizontal e vertical
## da area de desenho
Myhscale <- 1.5
# Horizontal scaling
Myvscale <- 1.5
# Vertical scaling
plotFunction <- function()
{
x
<- -100:100
y
<- x^2
plot(x,y,main="A parabola",bg="white")
}
tt <- tktoplevel()
## Define o titulo da interface
tkwm.title(tt, "A parabola")
## Cria a area de plotagem
img <- tkrplot(tt, fun = plotFunction, hscale=Myhscale, vscale=Myvscale)
tkgrid(img)
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It is worth noting that tkrplot places the graph on the
clipboard (in Windows or X11) before it plots it on the
window. This means that once a graph has been
plotted, it can easily be pasted into another program.
However, if a second graph is plotted, the first graph
will be lost from the clipboard, so the software
developer may wish to include a "Copy to Clipboard"
button or menu item on the tkrplot graph window, so
that the user can come back to it later and copy it to
the clipboard. This can be done using the tkrreplot
function as follows:
31
require(tcltk)
library(tkrplot)
Myhscale <- 1.5
Myvscale <- 1.5
# Horizontal scaling
# Vertical scaling
plotFunction <- function()
{
params <- par(bg="white")
x <- -100:100
y <- x^2
plot(x,y,main="A parabola")
par(params)
}
tt <- tktoplevel()
tkwm.title(tt,"A parabola")
img <- tkrplot(tt,fun=plotFunction,hscale=Myhscale,vscale=Myvscale)
CopyToClip <- function()
{
tkrreplot(img)
}
copy.but <- tkbutton(tt,text="Copy to Clipboard",command=CopyToClip)
tkgrid(img)
tkgrid(copy.but)
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tt = tktoplevel()
## Especificando a funcao do botao
destroi = function() {tkdestroy(tt)}
## Lendo a imagem em formato "gif"
img = tkimage.create("photo", file = "2014WCup.gif")
## Finalmente criamos o botao:
botao = ttkbutton(tt, image = img, command = destroi)
## Colocamos o botao na janela
tkgrid(botao)
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tkbutton(parent, ...)
tkcanvas(parent, ...)
tkcheckbutton(parent, ...)
tkentry(parent, ...)
ttkentry(parent, ...)
tkframe(parent, ...)
tklabel(parent, ...)
tklistbox(parent, ...)
tkmenu(parent, ...)
tkmenubutton(parent, ...)
tkmessage(parent, ...)
tkradiobutton(parent, ...)
tkscale(parent, ...)
tkscrollbar(parent, ...)
tktext(parent, ...)
tktoplevel(parent = .TkRoot, ...)
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ttkbutton(parent, ...)
ttkcheckbutton(parent, ...)
ttkcombobox(parent, ...)
ttkframe(parent, ...)
ttkimage(parent, ...)
ttklabel(parent, ...)
ttklabelframe(parent, ...)
ttkmenubutton(parent, ...)
ttknotebook(parent, ...)
ttkpanedwindow(parent, ...)
ttkprogressbar(parent, ...)
ttkradiobutton(parent, ...)
ttkscrollbar(parent, ...)
ttkseparator(parent, ...)
ttksizegrip(parent, ...)
ttktreeview(parent, ...)
34
rm(list=ls(all=TRUE))
library(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
tkwm.title(tt,"ttknotebook example")
tkgrid(tklabel(tt,text="Uso de ttknotebook:"))
Notebook <- ttknotebook(tt)
frame01 <- tkframe(Notebook)
texto01 <-tklabel(frame01, text="Texto para a 1a opcao")
tkgrid(texto01)
frame02 <- tkframe(Notebook)
texto02 <-tklabel(frame02, text="Texto para a 2a opcao")
tkgrid(texto02)
# Add frames as new "folders" of the notebook.
tkadd(Notebook, frame01, text="opcao 1")
tkadd(Notebook, frame02, text="opcao 2")
tkgrid(Notebook)
35

tcltk_Evaluating_R_code.R
Evaluating R Code From A Text Window in R TclTk.pdf
36
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
# Create a menu
topMenu <- tkmenu(tt)
# Add it to the 'tt' window
tkconfigure(tt, menu = topMenu) # Add it to the 'tt' window
fileMenu <- tkmenu(topMenu, tearoff = FALSE)
tkadd(fileMenu, "command", label = "Quit",
command = function() tkdestroy(tt))
tkadd(topMenu, "cascade", label = "File", menu = fileMenu)
tkfocus(tt)
R TclTk - Menus.pdf
37
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
topMenu <- tkmenu(tt)
tkconfigure(tt, menu = topMenu)
fileMenu <- tkmenu(topMenu, tearoff = FALSE)
openRecentMenu <- tkmenu(topMenu, tearoff = FALSE) # Our cascaded menu
tkadd(openRecentMenu, "command", label = "Recent File 1",
command = function()
tkmessageBox( message = "I don't know how to open Recent File 1", icon = "error"))
tkadd(openRecentMenu, "command", label = "Recent File 2", command = function()
tkmessageBox( message = "I don't know how to open Recent File 2", icon = "error"))
tkadd(fileMenu, "cascade", label = "Open recent file", menu = openRecentMenu)
tkadd(fileMenu, "command", label = "Quit", command = function() tkdestroy(tt))
tkadd(topMenu, "cascade", label = "File", menu = fileMenu)
tkfocus(tt)
38

tearoff allows you to detach menus for the
main window creating floating menus. If you
create a menu you will see dotted lines at the
top when you click a top menu item. If you
click those dotted lines the menu tears
off and becomes floating.
39
tt <- tktoplevel()
img = tkimage.create("photo", file = "Print.gif")
tkpack(mb <- tkmenubutton(tt, image = img))
m <- tkmenu(mb)
tkconfigure(mb, menu=m)
for(i in c("red","blue","green"))
tkadd(m, "radio", label=i, variable="color", value=i)
40
## Capture the event "Destroy" (e.g. Alt-F4 in Windows)
## and when this happens, assign 2 to done.
tkbind(tt,"<Destroy>",function() tclvalue(done)<-2)
Binding Events to Functions and Generating Events in R TclTk.pdf
41
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
labelText <- tclVar("This is a text label")
label1 <- tklabel(tt,text=tclvalue(labelText))
tkconfigure(label1,textvariable=labelText)
tkgrid(label1)
ChangeText <- function() tclvalue(labelText) <- "This text label has
changed!"
ChangeText.but <- tkbutton(tt,text="Change text label",command=ChangeText)
tkgrid(ChangeText.but)
tkconfigure(ChangeText.but ,state="disabled")
tkconfigure(ChangeText.but ,state="active")
42
require(tcltk)
## Para mudarmos o ícone TK que fica no canto superior esquerdo da janela,
## podemos utilizar dois formatos de imagem: BITMAP ou ÍCONE (.xbm || .ico).
## Caso se deseja um ícone colorido, pode-se utilizar imagens no formato de ícone,
## Para ler a imagem bitmap, utilizamos a função abaixo. Os parâmetros já foram
## repassados em outra aula. É importante lembrar que imagens .bmp não abrem.
## Elas devem estar no formato X11 bitmap, ou seja, .xbm
tt = tktoplevel()
tkwm.iconbitmap(tt,file.choose())
0 – Mudando icone.R
43
Adding a Pop-Up Menu to a Text Window: R TclTk - Menus.pdf
Modal dialog: R TclTk - Modal dialog.pdf
Tktext: Text windows in R TclTk.pdf
Color-Selection Widget: Using the Color-Selection Widget.pdf
Data Entry and Calendar: The Date Entry and Calendar Widgets.pdf
Wait Cursor: The Wait Cursor in R TclTk.pdf
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## Caso se deseja avisar ao usuário que o programa está em
## execução, pode-se modificar a forma do cursor, assim
## como é feito no Windows.
require(tcltk)
tt <- tktoplevel()
tkconfigure(tt,cursor="X_cursor")
45

## O cursor normal é tkconfigure(tt,cursor="arrow")

## Todos os cursores possíveis são:

X_cursor
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arrow
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based_arrow_down
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based_arrow_up
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boat
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bogosity
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bottom_left_corner
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bottom_right_corner
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bottom_side
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bottom_tee
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box_spiral
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center_ptr
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circle
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clock
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coffee_mug
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cross
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cross_reverse
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crosshair
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diamond_cross
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Dot
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mouse
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pencil
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pirate
plus
question_arrow
right_ptr
right_side
dotbox
double_arrow
draft_large
draft_small
draped_box
exchange
fleur
gobbler
gumby
hand1
hand2
heart
icon
iron_cross
left_ptr
left_side
left_tee
leftbutton
ll_angle
lr_angle
man
middlebutton
right_tee
rightbutton
rtl_logo
‣sailboat
‣sb_down_arrow
‣sb_h_double_arrow
‣sb_left_arrow
‣sb_right_arrow
‣sb_up_arrow
‣sb_v_double_arrow
‣shuttle
‣sizing
‣spider
‣spraycan
‣star
‣target
‣tcross
‣top_left_arrow
‣top_left_corner
‣top_right_corner
‣top_side
‣top_tee
‣trek
‣ul_angle
‣umbrella
‣ur_angle
‣watch
‣xterm
46

http://www.tkdocs.com/
47

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
demo("tkcanvas", package="tcltk")
demo("tkdensity", package="tcltk")
demo("tkttest", package="tcltk")
48
# create a main window
mw <- tktoplevel()
# a menu consists of a horizontal menubar,
# with associated submenus
##### first create the horizontal menubar
mb <- tkframe(mw, relief = 'raised', bd = 2)
# now put in the menubar some menubuttons
m_file <- tkmenubutton(mb, text = "File", underline = 0)
# pack everything from the menubar
tkpack(mb, side = "top", fill = "x")
tkpack(m_file, side = "left")
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