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Projekt Elektronik
Mess- und Regelungstechnik GmbH
Am Borsigturm 54 • 13507 Berlin
Fon
+4930 43 03 22 40
Fax
+4930 43 03 22 43
e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.projekt-elektronik.com
Application Note PE003
Linearity curves
Linearity Curve ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Explanation................................................................................................................................................... 1
Typical Linearity Curves ........................................................................................................................................ 2
AS-Active-Probe AS-HAP............................................................................................................................. 2
AS-Active-Probe AS-NTM ............................................................................................................................ 2
AS-Active-Probe AS-NTM-2 ......................................................................................................................... 3
AS-Active-Probe AS-NAP............................................................................................................................. 4
AS-Active-Probes AS-NTP, AS-NTP-Flex, AS-NCu-Wire............................................................................. 4
AS-Active-Probe AS-NTP-Hot ...................................................................................................................... 5
AS-Active-Probe AS-NTP-Hot-05 ................................................................................................................. 6
AS-Active-Probe AS-LTM ............................................................................................................................. 7
AS-Active-Probe AS-LAP ............................................................................................................................. 7
AS-Active-Probes AS-UAP GEO-X, AS-UAP Lot ......................................................................................... 8
Precision Teslameter FM 3002..................................................................................................................... 9
Linearity Curve
Explanation
Most of the magnetic field probes of Projekt Elektronik GmbH use a hall element as field sensitive component.
In contrast to an ideal sensor, these hall elements show a number of different deviations. If the error of offset
and scale are corrected, there is still a remaining error because the correlation between magnetic flux and
output signal of the sensor is no linear function and therefor can only be approximated linear.
We try to compensate the error of the hall element as good as possible. The linearity curves plotted by us
exhibit the remaining error according to the measured field.
The non-linearity is the dominant part in errors which have to be taken into account when measuring with our
probes. This means that with repeated measurement of the same field, the error in the absolute value may be
e.g. 0.2 % while the difference between the single measured values shows a much smaller variation.
In addition the hall elements have a temperature dependency. Therefore the non-linearity can be plotted at
increased and decreased probe temperature.
At the following pages we have collected some typical linearity curves of our probes.
© Copyright Projekt Elektronik GmbH
P:\Internet\Application Notes\PE003 2-2 Linearity curves.doc
version 2.2
page 1 of 9
Projekt Elektronik
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Typical Linearity Curves
AS-Active-Probe AS-HAP
500
∆B
[ mT ]
400
2%
±20 mT
300
200
100
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
B
[T ]
0
-2
0
-100
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
-200
20°C
-300
-400
-500
Figure 1: typical non-linearity of AS-HAP
AS-Active-Probe AS-NTM
25
20
∆B
[ mT ]
15
10
5
B
[T ]
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
0,2 %
±0,2 mT
-10
-15
-20
0°C
20°C
40°C
-25
Figure 2: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of AS-NTM
version 2.2
page 2 of 9
Projekt Elektronik
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AS-Active-Probe AS-NTM-2
25
∆B
20 [ mT ]
15
0,05 %
±0,2 mT
10
B
[T ]
5
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
-10
0°C
20°C
40°C
-15
-20
-25
Figure 3: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of AS-NTM-2
2,5
2
∆B
[ mT ]
1,5
1
0,05 %
±0,2 mT
B
[T ]
0,5
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-0,5
-1
-1,5
-2
0°C
20°C
40°C
-2,5
Figure 4: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of AS-NTM-2 – enlarged by factor 10
version 2.2
page 3 of 9
Projekt Elektronik
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AS-Active-Probe AS-NAP
25
20
∆B
[ mT ]
0,5 %
±0,2 mT
15
10
5
B
[T ]
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
-10
-15
20°C
-20
-25
Figure 5: typical non-linearity of AS-NAP
AS-Active-Probes AS-NTP, AS-NTP-Flex, AS-NCu-Wire
25
20
∆B
[ mT ]
15
0,5 %
±0,2 mT
10
5
B
[T ]
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
-10
-15
-20
0°C
20°C
40°C
-25
Figure 6: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of AS-NTP, AS-NTP-Flex, AS-NCu-Wire
version 2.2
page 4 of 9
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AS-Active-Probe AS-NTP-Hot
25
∆B
20 [mT]
1 %
±5 mT
15
10
5
B
[T ]
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
-10
-10°C
20°C
60°C
-15
-20
-25
25
20
15
∆B
[mT]
1%
±5 mT
10
5
B
[T ]
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
-10
-15
90°C
60°C
120°C
-20
-25
Figure 7: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of AS-NTP-Hot
version 2.2
page 5 of 9
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AS-Active-Probe AS-NTP-Hot-05
25
20
∆B
[mT]
15
10
0,5 %
±0,2 mT
5
B
[T ]
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
-10
-15
-10°C
20°C
60°C
-20
-25
25 ∆B
[mT]
20
15
10
0,5 %
±0,2 mT
5
B
[T]
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
-5
-10
-15
-20
90°C
60°C
120°C
-25
Figure 8: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of AS-NTP-Hot-05
version 2.2
page 6 of 9
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AS-Active-Probe AS-LTM
2,5
2
∆B
[ mT ]
1,5
0,2 %
±0,1 mT
1
0,5
B
[T ]
0
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
-0,5
-1
-1,5
15 °C
25 °C
35 °C
-2
-2,5
Figure 9: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of AS-LTM
AS-Active-Probe AS-LAP
2,5
2
∆B
[ mT ]
1,5
0,5 %
±0,1 mT
1
0,5
B
[T ]
0
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
-0,5
-1
-1,5
25 °C
-2
-2,5
Figure 10: typical non-linearity of AS-LAP
version 2.2
page 7 of 9
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AS-Active-Probes AS-UAP GEO-X, AS-UAP Lot
2,5
2
∆B
[ µT ]
0,8 %
±0,2 µT
1,5
1
B
[ µT ]
0,5
0
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-0,5
-1
-1,5
-2
-2,5
Figure 11: typical non-linearity of AS-UAP GEO-X, AS-UAP Lot
version 2.2
page 8 of 9
Projekt Elektronik
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Precision Teslameter FM 3002
The non-linearity in the curves shown above a small enough for most measuring tasks. For high precision
demands we have developed our Precision Teslameter FM 3002. To achieve the desired measuring precision
of <0.01 % and a temperature coefficient of <5 ppm significant more complex correction work has to be done
than what is necessary at the AS-Active-Probes. At our high-precision desk-top units correction is done with
reference to non-linearity and also with reference to temperature drift.
The following diagram shows the result after all corrections have been done. It shell be noted that the y-axis
isn’t divided in mT any longer but in µT.
400
∆ B [ µT ]
+0,01 % v.M.
+90µT
300
200
100
B
[T]
0
-1,8
-1,2
-0,6
0
0,6
1,2
1,8
-100
-200
15 °C
25 °C
35 °C
-300
-400
Figure 12: typical non-linearity and temperature drift of Precision Teslameter FM 3002
version 2.2
page 9 of 9

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