Peer correction through wikis: a case study with

Transcrição

Peer correction through wikis: a case study with
 !"#
$ %&'(%%')"(*)+%(,-+#./.012'23 3),45
#")+6%27"8"2*82%* %3(9*-8"3+:
B^GBIJBSOCABJIGAOIBCGK^CFJIN@FdIB@aCB^CFIB^GBILJ
LDE@FBGABW
bBSOCABJI_CACVLBIVF@DIB^CIaLMCAJI@VIB^CIJ@KL@KSQBSFGQ
82,4"(4 $2"!2%2*'(
GEEF@GK^IGJILBILJIB^F@Sa^IB^CIEF@D@BL@AI@VILABCFGKBL@A
NLB^IECCFJIGAOIBCGK^CFJIB^GBIACNIDCGALAaILJ
K@AMCHCOWI `@ {Ha@BJdHI U\|}~tI }]YI B^C
;<=><;
?@ABCDE@FGFHIJ@KLCBHILJIMLCNCOIGJIPQLRSLOID@OCFALBHT GV@FCDCABL@ACOILABCFGKBL@AIGQQ@NCOIJBSOCABJIB@
UKVWIXGSDGAYIZ[[\]YIN^LK^ISAOCFQLACJIB^CILAJBG_LQLBH EF@aFCJJW
@VIFCQGBL@AJ^LEJIGAOID@FGQIMGQSCJILAI@SFIBLDCJWI`^C
DCBGE^@FI@VIPQLRSLOLBHTIKGAI_CIGEEQLCOIB@I@SF hJI€@^AJ@AIU\||vtIv]IJSaaCJBJt
COSKGBL@AGQIVLCQOIGJINCQQYID@FCIJECKLVLKGQQHILAINFLBLAaW
bBSOCABJIJ^@SQOISAOCFJBGAOINFLBLAaIGJIGIEF@KCJJI@V ‚‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‚‰Šˆ‹ŠŒ‚…ˆ‰ŽŠ‡‚Ž„‡„…Š‡‚Š†‚‘ƒ’ˆ‹
K@AJBGABIVQSLOLBHWIcAIB^LJIJCAJCYI^@NILJILBIE@JJL_QCIB@ ‹†…„“ŠŽ‚†’‹”Š•ˆ‡ˆ‰Š‚‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ–„Š‹ˆ‡—†‡ˆ‚‰‹˜
GNGdCAIQCGFACFJIB@IB^LJIVCCQLAaI@VILAKFCGJLAa ˆ‰“ˆ–ˆ“—†’‹Š‹„„Š‚—‡‚‘„‹Š™„‰„šˆˆ†’Š‡‚Š‡„‘‹„’–„‹
K^GAaCeI`^CIGAJNCFIB@IB^LJILABFLaSLAaIRSCJBL@AIQLCJ †‰“Š†’’Š‚‡„…ŠŽ…‚—ƒŠ‘„‘™„…‹”Š‚‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ–„Š’„†…‰ˆ‰ŽŠˆ‹
LAIGISJCVSQIB@@QICDEQ@HCOI_HIcAV@FDGBL@AIGAO ‡„Šˆ‰‹‡…—‡ˆ‚‰†’Š—‹„Š‚šŠ‹‘†’’ŠŽ…‚—ƒ‹Š‡…‚—ŽŠŒˆ
?@DDSALKGBL@AÌCK^A@Q@aHIUc?`]ICfECFBJIKGQQIGINLdLW ‹‡—“„‰‡‹ŠŒ‚…Š‡‚Ž„‡„…Š‡‚Š‘†›ˆ‘ˆœ„Š‡„ˆ…Š‚Œ‰Š†‰“
cBIa@CJINLB^@SBIJGHLAaIB^GBIJBSOCABJIEF@VLBIGIaFCGB
OCGQIVF@DIECCFgK@FFCKBL@AIGAOINLdLJICAG_QCIB^CDIB@
O@IJ@ILAIGAICfKLBLAaIGAOIJBLDSQGBLAaICAMLF@ADCABWIhB
VLFJBYIGINLdLIJCCDJIJLDLQGFIB@IGI_Q@aYI_SBILBIGKBSGQQH
GQQ@NJISJCFJIB@ICOLBIB^CI@FaGALJGBL@AI@VIK@ABFL_SBL@AJ
LAIGOOLBL@AIB@IB^CIK@ABCABILBJCQVWIiGMLAaIJBSOCABJ
VFCCQHICOLBIGAHIEGaCILAIGINC_JLBCIEF@D@BCJ
K@@ECFGBLMCIQCGFALAaYIN^LK^IGQQ@NJIGIK@DDSALBHI@V
QCGFACFJIB@I_CIG_QCIB@IBCGK^ICGK^I@B^CFIJ@DCB^LAaILA
GIQCGFACFgKCABFCOIVGJ^L@AW
„†Š‚‡„…‹Š’„†…‰ˆ‰Ž”Šž‡Š‘†ŸŠ™„Š‚‰‡…†‹‡„“ŠŒˆ‡
‚‘ƒ„‡ˆ‡ˆ–„Š’„†…‰ˆ‰ŽŠˆ‰ŠŒˆŠ‹‡—“„‰‡‹ŠŒ‚…Š†Ž†ˆ‰‹‡
„†Š‚‡„…Š‡‚Š†ˆ„–„Š†‰Š††“„‘ˆŠŽ‚†’Š‹—Š†‹Š†
Ž…†“„Š‚šŠ ¡¢”
$<=>j;o;=$<mmj;o
bLAKCIB^CILOCGI@VIK@QQG_@FGBLMCIQCGFALAaICDE@NCFJ
@SFIBCGK^LAaIK@ABCfBYINCIGFCILABCFCJBCOILAIB^C
KFCGBLMCIEF@KCJJI@VIB^CINFLBLAaYIN^LK^ILJIGK^LCMCOILA
aF@SEJWI£LB^IGIMLCNIB@ISAOCFJBGAOLAaIB^CIESFE@JCI@V
SJLAaINLdLJIB@IV@JBCFIK@@ECFGBL@AILAINFLBLAaYIG
OLJBLAKBL@AIJ^@SQOI_CIDGOCI_CBNCCAIEF@OSKBINFLBLAa
jklm<<$n;;o
GAOIEF@KCJJINFLBLAaWI`^@FA_SFHIUZ[[utIZv|]
p$<;q
hKK@FOLAaI B@I rGFJCAgsFCCDGAI UZ[[[t\uv]Y OCJKFL_CJI_@B^IDCGAJI@VINFLBLAat
K@@ECFGBLMCI@FIK@QQG_@FGBLMCIQCGFALAaICJJCABLGQQH
LAM@QMCJIJBSOCABJIQCGFALAaIVF@DICGK^I@B^CFILA ””””¤ˆ‹Š†ƒƒ…‚†Šˆ‹Š†’’„“Š†¥¦§¨©ª«¬­¥¥¦§­ª®Š‡‚Š‡„
aF@SEJWIXSBILBILJIA@BIB^CIaF@SEIK@AVLaSFGBL@AIB^GB ‡„†ˆ‰ŽŠ‚šŠŒ…ˆ‡ˆ‰Ž˜Š‹ˆ‰„Š‡„Šš‚—‹Šˆ‹Š„›’—‹ˆ–„’ŸŠ‚‰
DGdCJIK@@ECFGBLMCIQCGFALAaIOLJBLAKBLMCwILBILJIB^Cxyz ƒ…‚“—ˆ‰ŽŠ†Š‡„›‡Š¯‡„Šƒ…‚“—‡°Š‡†‡…„ƒ…‚“—„‹Š‡„
‘‚“„’”Š±ŸŠ‚‰‡…†‹‡˜Š†¥¦§ª²³³­¥¥¦§­ª®Š†…Ž—„‹‡†‡
00 23456789377
!"#!$
%&'()&*+,-+.-(+'.+/01(+*(0&(+%'(2+0+13)0&+',)0+-/+(2)
/'.'*2),+4&-,51(6++70(2)&8+(2)+()9(+):)&;)*+-5(+-/+0
1&)0('<)+4&-1)**6+=2'*+4&-1)**+'.135,)*>?@ABBCBD
EDFBFGAHCBDICJFAK8DLA@IKFHHCBD+0.,LGDABCKCBDM8
JGANHCBD 0., GFOJGANHCBDPIGFQCFRCBD8+'.135,'.;
FJCHCBD0.,?GLLNGFAJCBDS+0.,8+/'.033T8+U?VW@CKXCBDYZ
*-:)(':)+(2)T+10.+;-+(-+)<).(*+(20(+-(2)&*+4)-43)
10.²(+;-+°)105*)+(2)T+,-.²(+20<)+:-.)T+(-+40T
('1³)(*6
´+;--,+)9):43)+-/+&'12+4)&*-.+'*+µ&'.1)+¶'33'0:6
=2'*+'*+*-:)+0,<0.(0;)*8+°5(+(2)&)+0&)+,'*0,<0.(0;)*
(--6
·-&+)9):43)>+=2)+/0:-5*+4)-43)+,-.²(+20<)+/&)),-:8
(2)T+20<)+:0.T+4&-°3):*+0.,+0+/-&:-3+3'/)+0*+%))3
0*+̧0,-..08+2)&+3'/)+'*+'.1-.(&-3),6
±+,-.²(+3'³)+(-+°)+0+/0:-5*+4)-43)+0.,+±+,-.²(+3'³)+(2'*
³'.,+-/+3'/)+°)105*)+(2)T+20<)+0+3-(+-/+4&-°3):*+0.,
,-.²(+20<)+/&)),-:+0*+%))36
[\]^_`abcd^ed`dfg^_bccd`ffg^`_hd`gijbde^gd`dk^gb
^gi`lm_dcbnjbl_bd^ed_òccg^^kd̀_am]mambcpdqbimllmli
rmahdahbdqg`mlca^gkmlid^edm\b`cpdrgmamlidfgbomkml`gs
\g`eacpd _^kf`gmlid \g`eacpd gbt\g`eamlipd `l\
uvwxyzywu{w|}ah`admcpdào~mlidahg^jihdahbmgd\g`eadrmah
†ld`dag`\mam^l`od`ffg^`_hda^drgmamlipdahbdab`_hbg
ahbdab`_hbgpdmld^g\bgda^demlbtajlbdahbmgdm\b`c
r^jo\d¹hjlaºde^gdkmcà~bcd̀l\djcbd̀dgb\dfblda^dk`g~
ahbkd†lcab`\pdcaj\blacd`gbdml]mab\da^dgb`\db`_h
^ahbg»cdab‡apdk`~bd_^kkblacd̀l\d_^ggb_am^lcd[adahmc
càibpdahbdab`_hbgdmcdŠjcad`dkb\m̀a^gd`l\d\^bcdl^a
€‚€ƒ„‚… ‚
mlabgebgbdmldahbd_^ggb_am^ld‹hbdab`_hbgd`oc^
†ldahmcdcb_am^ld†drmoodjcbd`dab‡adrgmaabldqsd`dˆg`‰mom̀l bl_^jg`ibcdob`glbgcda^dà~bdf`gadqsdml\m_`amlidrhbgb
caj\blapd rh^cbd _òcck`abcd _^^fbg`am]bos ahbsd_`ldeml\d_bgàmldkmcà~bcd^gdfmlf^mlacdahbdl`ajgb
_^lagmqjab\da^dmacd̀\Šjcakblacd‹hbdab‡adrmoodcbg]bd̀c ^edahbdbgg^gpdcj_hd`cdcfboomlipdfjl_aj`am^ld^gdr^g\
^g\bgd†ldahmcdr`spdcaj\blacdl^ad^losd\b]bo^fdahbmg
`dcfgmliq^`g\de^gdahbd_gj‡d^edahbd\mc_jccm^l
gb`\mlidc~moocdqjad`oc^dmkfg^]bdahbmgdrgmamlidc~moocdqs
`\^famlidmkf^gàlad_^ggb_am^ldcag`abimbc
‹hbdemgcadab‡adr`cdrgmaabldqsd`ds^jlidabbl`ibg
Œcaj\blad[d`ado^rtmlabgkb\m̀abdob]bod‹hbdàc~dr`cŽ ‹hbde^oo^rmlidmcd`ld¹mkfg^]b\ºd]bgcm^ld^edahb
z{y‘’“v”‘•y‘’–—’w’|y˜‘’w–‘–{˜’–—’w’|y˜‘vx ob`glbg»cdab‡apdmldrhm_hdk^cadcfboomlidkmcà~bcdh`]b
“y{w|‘x’™v”˜dšaj\blacdrbgbda^o\dahbsdh`\da^drgmab qbbld_^ggb_ab\dqsdahbdob`glbg»cdfbbgdŒcaj\bladˆ
`q^jad›œdr^g\c
‹hbd_h`libcd̀gbdfgbcblab\dmldq^o\
žŸ ¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨¦¥©Ÿ ¦¦§¢¥ª«¥¬¦­®§¢¦¥̄
=2)&)+0&)+:-&)+0,<0.(0;)*+0.,+*-:)+,'*<0.(0;)*+-/
°)'.;+/0:-5*6+±+:T+-4'.'-.8+(2)+0,<0.(0;)*+-/
°)'.;+/0:-5*+0&)>+20<)+0+3-(+-/+:-.)T8+(&0<)33'.;+0
3-(8+*4).,+(':)%'(2+-(2)&*+/0:-5*+4)-43)8
¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÂÃÀÇÈÁÉÆÊÆËÁÀÀÃËÌÃÄÆÍÎÆÇÌÏÄÃÉÌÆÐ
=2)&)+0&)+:-&)+0,<0.(0;)*+0.,+*-:)+,'*£®<0.(0;)*
-/+°)'.;+/0:-5*6+±¢+:T+-4'.'-.8+(2)+0,<0.(0;)*+-/
°)'.;+/0:-5*+0&)>+20<)+0+3-(+-/+:-.)T8+(&0<)33'.;+0
01 3456789
488
!"#!$
%&'()*+,-.)'/0,)1/'2)&'2,3*)450&6*)+,&+%,(
*&0,'/0,7)'2,8)95-):&)'&),;,-'*)'25')&'2,3*)+,&+%,
95-<'):&)=,956*,)'2,8).&-<')25;,)0&-,8)'&)+58
'/9>,'*?
@):&&.),AB0+%,)&4)3/92)+,3*&-)/*)C3/-9,)D/%%/50?
E2/*)/*)*&0,)5.;5-'5:,*()=6')'2,3,)53,)./*5.;5-'5:,*
'&&?
F&3),AB0+%,G)E2,)450&6*)+,&+%,).&-<')25;,
43,,.&0()'2,8)25;,)05-8)+3&=%,0*)5-.)5)4&30B%)%/4,
5*)1,H%)5*)I5.&--5()2,3)%/4,)/*)/-9&-'3&%,.?
J).&-<')%/>,)'&)=,)5)450&6*KLM7NO)5-.)J).&-<')%/>,)'2/*
>/-.)&4)%/4,)=,956*,)'2,8)25;,)5)%&')&4)+3&=%,0*)5-.
.&-<')25;,)43,,.&0)5*)1,H%?
stuvwxyz{|}yzw~x€}}‚xwwz‚ƒz{}„…}~ƒ†{z€ƒ}‡
E2,3,)53,)0&3,)5.;5-'5:,*ˆ‰BO*&0,)./*5.;5-'5:,*
&4)=,/-:)450&6*?ŠO)08)&+/-/&-()'2,)5.;5-'5:,*)&4
=,/-:)450&6*)53,G‹ˆ‰LŒ)25;,)5)%&')&4)0&-,8(
'35;,%%/-:)5))%&'()*+,-.)'/0,)1/'2)&'2,3*)450&6*
+,&+%,(BO)*&0,'/0,*)'2,8)95-):&)'&),;,-'*)'25'
&'2,3*)+,&+%,)95-<'):&)=,956*,)'2,8).&-<')25;,)0&-,8
'&ŽŒ'/9>,'*?
@):&&.),A50+%,)&4B)3/92)+,3*&-)/*)C3/-9,)D/%%/50?
E2/* BML)*&0,)5.;5-'5:,*()=6')'2,3,)53,
./*5.;5-'5:,*)'&&?
F&3),A50+%,G)E2,)450&6*)+,&+%,).&-<')25;,)43,,.&0(
'2,8)25;,)05-8)+3&=%,0*)5-.)5)4&305%)%/4,)5*)1,%%(
%/>,)I5.&--5()‘,3)%/4,)/*O’NOˆMNHHBŽHL?
PQRSTUQVWXYZYRSQ[ZZTY\]ZSQW^Q_WT`YabQ_YZcQdYbYZ[eQZSfZQYX J“NHO”ˆ)%/>,)'&)=,)5)450&6*)+,3*&-)5-.)J).&-<')%/>,
Zc[ZQUW]Qg[aQh[`SQ]XSQW^QR[TYW]XQ^S[Z]TSXQigWeW]TXj '2/*)>/-.)&4)%/4,)=,956*,)'2,8)25;,)5)%&')&4)+3&=%,0*
cYbceYbcZXjQ\WedjQYZ[eYgXjQSZgklQZWQ^[gYeYZ[ZSQZcS 5-.).&-<')25;,)43,,.&0)5*)1,%%?
VSTgSVZYWaQW^Q_c[ZQc[XQgc[abSdkQmSXYdSXjQZcYXQgeS[T
SRYdSagSQW^QgWTTSgZYWaQh[`SXQXZ]dSaZXQ[_[TSQZc[Z
ZcSUQc[RSQ[QeWZQZWQVTW^YZQ^TWhQS[gcQWZcSTjQaWZQhSTSeU
^TWhQZcSQZS[gcSTkQnaQWZcSTQ_WTdXjQYZQYXQZcSQYaZST[gZYWa
[hWabQVSSTXQZcTW]bcQgWWVST[ZYWaQZc[ZQSac[agSX
eS[TaYabkQocYXQ\SeYS^Q\TS[`XQgWhVeSZSeUQ_YZcQZcS
ZT[dYZYWa[eQV[ZZSTaQW^QeS[TaYabjQ_cYgcQTSb[TdSdQZcS
ZS[gcSTQ[XQZcSQXWeSeUQTSXVWaXY\eSQ^WTQZT[aXhYZZYab
`aW_eSdbSQ[adQgWaRSUYabQhS[aYabkQPeZSTa[ZYRSeUj
XZ]dSaZXQ[TSQaWQeWabSTQXSSaQ[XQV[XXYRSQTSgYVYSaZXj
\]ZQ[TSQ[gZYRSQV[TZYgYV[aZXQYaQZcSQgWpgWaXZT]gZYWaQW^
`aW_eSdbSk
ocSQZSfZQYXQeY•]YdjQYkSkQ[eYRSjQZc]XQ[eeW_Yab
YhVTWRShSaZXkQocYXQ^e]YdYZUQYXQWaeUQh[dSQVWXXY\eS
bYRSaQZcSQ[gZYRSQV[TZYgYV[ZYWaQW^QXZ]dSaZXkQna
WVVWXYZYWaQZWQVTWd]gZQ_TYZYabjQSRSTUWaSQYXQYaRWeRSdQYa
ZcYXQVTWgSXXQ_TYZYabQSRSaQY^QZcSUQXYhVeUQTS[dQZcS
VYSgSXQW^Q_TYZYabQ[adQZcSYTQgc[abSXQWRSTQZYhSkQ–[gc
bTW]VQhSh\STQYXQSagW]T[bSdQZWQV[TZYgYV[ZSQ[ad
eS[dSTXcYVQYXQ—dYXZTY\]ZSd˜k
™S[dYabQ_YeeQcSeVQZcShQ[RWYdQgSTZ[YaQhYXZ[`SXj
\SgWhSQhWTSQ[_[TSQW^QZcSYTQ_S[`aSXXSXjQR[e]S
TWW^TS[dYabQ[adjQSRSaZ][eeUjQSfV[adQZcSYTQeSfYXkQPX
naQZcSQXSgWadQYhVTWRSdQRSTXYWaQZc[ZQ^WeeW_XjQh[qWT V
QgWaXS•]SagSjQ_cSaQZcSTSQYXQ[aQYagSaZYRSQ^WTQVSSTp
XcY^ZXQgWagSTaYabQgWcSXYWaQ[adQeSfYg[eQVTW\eShXQg[a [
WTTSgZYWaQZcTW]bc š›œ›žQ[QTSXVWaXY\YeYZUQ[ad
\SQaWZYgSdkQocYXQZYhSjQ[QZcYTdQXZ]dSaZQiXZ]dSaZQrlQ_[X g
[ggW]aZ[\YeYZUQ^WTQWaSQ[aWZcSTŸXQeS[TaYabQYXQXc[TSdk
Sab[bSdQYaQZcSQ_TYZYabQVTWgSXXk
01 3456789
488
!"#!$
%&'()*++*,-./(0-123*4'56(7'87(-9(7&'(+:97(*.'(:.5 ^amsU^`eWtW_ZZ[WUuXYhkUWZbWXWVamTWhUV`Z]WàWvVa]mU
23'9'.79(1-.*3(;&:./'9(1:5'(<=(:()*>37&(97>5'.7 wakkaXYe
?97>5'.7(@AB
STU`UWXVUW`ZYUWX[\X]^X_U`iWcd^W^TUVUWXVU
[àX[\X]^X_U`W^ZZeWzZVWUuXYhkUjWbXYZd`WhUZhkUW[Z]n^
CDEFG"!HI"!FJ#GKLMGFF!MN!HOPJNQH!KNR
STUVUWXVUWYZVUWX[\X]^X_U`W^TX]ẀZYUW[àX[\X]^X_U`
ZbWcUa]_WbXYZd`eWf]WYgWZha]aZ]iW^TUWX[\X]^X_U`WZb
cUa]_WbXYZd`WXVUjW^TUgWTX\UWXWkZ^WZbWYZ]Ugi
^VX\Ukka]_WXWkZ^iW`hU][W^aYUWla^TWZ^TUV`WbXYZd`
hUZhkUiWX][W`ZYU^aYU`W^TUgWmX]W_ZW^ZWU\U]^`W^TX^
Z^TUV`WhUZhkUWmX]n^_ZWcUmXd`UW^TUgW[Z]n^WTX\UWYZ]Ug
^ZWcdgopqrW^amsU^`e
tW_ZZ[WUuXYhkUWZbWXWVamTWhUV`Z]WàWvVa]mUWwakkaXYe
xqryrWXVUW`ZYUWX[\X]^X_U`iWcd^W^TUVUWXVU
[àX[\X]^X_U`W^ZZe
zZVWUuXYhkUjSTUWbXYZd`WhUZhkUW[Z]n^WTX\UWbVUU[ZYi
^TUgWTX\UWYX]gWhVZckUY`WX][WXWbZVYXkWkabUWX`WlUkki
kasUW{X[Z]]X|W}UVWkabUWàWd]mZ]^VZkkXckUe
fWlZdk[]~^WkasUW^ZWcUWXWbXYZd`WhUV`Z]WX][WfW[Z]n^WkasU
^TàWsa][WZbWkabUWcUmXd`UW^TUgWTX\UWXWkZ^WZbWhVZckUY`
X][W[Z]n^WTX\UWbVUU[ZYWX`WlUkke
TX\UWbVUU[ZYiW^TUgWTX\UWYX]gWhVZckUY`WX][WX
bZVYXkWkabUWX`WlUkkiWkasUW{X[Z]]XeW}UVWkabUWà
d]mZ]^VZkkXckUe
fWlZdk[]~^WkasUW^ZWcUWXWbXYZd`WhUV`Z]WX][WfW[Z]n^WkasU
^TàWsa][WZbWkabUWcUmXd`UW^TUgWTX\UWXWkZ^WZbWhVZckUY`
X][W[Z]n^WTX\UWbVUU[ZYWX`WlUkk|
„.(7&-9(…>:+-7:7-4'(:.5(…>:.7-7:7-4'(:.:+=9-9€(+':3.'39
<';*1'(+'99(5'2'.5'.7(*.(7&'(7':;&'3(:.5(9&:3'
3'92*.9-<-+-7=(,-7&(7&'-3(2''39B(†*.9'…>'.7+=€(7&'=
/:-.(&-/&'3(5'/3''9(*)(:>7*.*1=(-.(7&'(9'.9'(7&:7
7&'=(&:4'(7*(1:‡'(;&*-;'9(:.5(73=(*>7(.',
&=2*7&'9-9B
ˆ‰Š‹Œ‹Œ‹ŽŒ
7(7&'('.5(*)(7&'(9'1'97'3€(97>5'.79(,'3'(,'++
:;…>:-.7'5(,-7&('12+*=-./(>9')>+(,3-7-./(7';&.-…>'9
*.(,-‡-9B(%&'3')*3'€(-7(,:9(&-/&(7-1'(7*(3')+';7(>2*.
-79(>9'B(‘:;&(97>5'.7(?*>7(*)('-/&7''.A(3';'-4'5(:
7(+:97€(97>5'.7((-9(-.4-7'5(7*(3',3-7'(&'3(7'87(,-7&(: …>'97-*..:-3'(,&-;&(&'+2'5(1'(53:,(9*1'
;3-7-;:+('='()*3(2:3:/3:2&-./B(%&'(7':;&'3(:+9* )>.5:1'.7:+(;*.;+>9-*.9()3*1(7&'(:22+-;:7-*.(*)
2''3’;*33';7-*.(7&3*>/&(,-‡-9B(%&'(…>'97-*..:-3'
:++*,9(&'3(7*(;>97*1-9'(7&'(7'87B
,:9(;*12*9'5(*)('-/&7(1>+7-2+'’;&*-;'(…>'97-*.9B
#K‚N!ƒNF!$F#NN!KKHMQJNGD#J!HOPJNQH!KN
%&'()-397(-99>'(3:-9'5(-9(3'+:7'5(7*(97>5'.79“(4-',9(*.
STUVUWXVUWYZVUWX[\X]^X_U`W^TX]W[àX[\X]^X_U`WZb ,3-7-./B(”4'3:++€(7&'-3(:77-7>5'(7*,:359(,3-7-./(-9
cUa]_WbXYZd`eWf]WYgWZha]aZ]iW^TUWX[\X]^X_U`WZb 2*9-7-4'(?•–€—˜(’(7:‡-./(-.7*(:;;*>.7(7&'()-397(7,*
cUa]_WbXYZd`WXVUjW^TUgWTX\UWXWkZ^WZbWYZ]UgiW^VX\UkWX 97:7'1'.79AB
kZ^iW`hU][W^aYUWla^TWZ^TUVWbXYZd`WhUZhkUWX][
`ZYU^aYU`W^TUgWmX]W_ZW^ZWU\U]^`W^TX^WZ^TUVWhUZhkU
mX]n^WcUmXd`UW^TUgW[Z]n^WTX\UWYZ]UgW^ZWcdgW^TU
01 3456789
488
!"#!$
%&'!()*+,-!.+/0"#!$/1.$2#+#.3
*+%+!V!.+/
j78<=G7;D<B<=>76kC<B<=>
j7IF7?@<B67<=B6D6AB6G7<=
;D<B<=>
j78<=G7;D<B<=>7[9D<=>
2!h,!.T#!/ i!2T!.+%3!/
f
f
o
leHmn
leHmn
LoHn
456789::9;<=>7?@6AB<9=7C9=C6D=A7B56<D7ED686D6=C6789D
B567;D<B<=>7F9G6H7456<D7D6AE9=A6A7A59;7B5IB7F9AB
AB@G6=BA7JKLMLLNO7;9@:G7DIB56D7;D<B67@A<=>7I7;<P<
B5I=7EIE6DH
%&'!Q)*+,-!.+/0R2!S!2!.T!2!3%2-#.3+U!
$2#+#.3V1-!
*+%+!V!.+/
2!h,!.T#!/
R2!S!2$2#+#.31.
m
R%R!2
R2!S!2,/#.3%
LL
$#^#
i!2T!.+%3!/
efHfg
KLHLL
W8B6D7A@C57I7A59DB7E6D<9G7987B<F6M7AB@G6=BA75IG
I:D6IGX78IY9@D6G7B567@A67987;<P<AH7Z9;6Y6DM7<B7<A
=6C6AAIDX7P=9;7B567D6IA9=7987B56<D7C59<C6H7456D6
ID67I7>D6IB7FI=X7E9AA<[<:<B<6A789D7;9DP<=>7;<B57;<P<AM
[@B7F9AB7:6ID=6DA7[6:<6Y67E66D\C9DD6CB<9=7<A7I
G<AB<=>@<A5<=>7IAE6CB7987;<P<AH
%&'!])*+,-!.+/0+U1,3U+/1.$U%+#/+U!
*+%+!V!.+/
2!h,!.T#!/ i!2T!.+%3!/
pX7C:IAAFIB6A7CI=
o
LLHLL
D6IG7FX7C9FE9A<\
B<9=AM7=9B79=:X7B56
B6IC56D
pX7C:IAAFIB6A7CI=
f
llHll
AE9B7I=G7C9DD6CB
FX76DD9DA
j7CI=7C9FF6=B79=
e
LKHKm
FX
7
C
:
I
A
A
FI
B
6
A
&!
/+9S!A<%B<9+,2
C9FE
=A!1S%$#^#)*+%+!V!.+_`'#^!#+
j7CI=T7E%6,/
DA9=)
I:<A6
o
LLHLL
FX&!
7C9FE9A!
<B<9)=)a
7[X
C599A<=>7B56789=BM
C9:9@DA7I=G76Y6=
<=A6DB7E<CB@D6A
q56=7j7G9=bB75IY6
e
LKHKm
I=X7<G6IAM7FX
C:IAAFIB6A7;D<B<=>
CI=7<=AE<D67F6
WB78<DABM7E69E:67FIX7IAA@F67<B7<A7B<F6\C9=A@F<=>
;9DP<=>7;<B57;<P<AM7;56D6IA7I7A<>=<8<CI=B7=@F[6D
987AB@G6=BA7G9=bB7I>D667;<B57B5IBH
%&'!c)*+,-!.+/02!/R1./!+1$12^#.3$#+U
$#^#/&!#.3+#V!dT1./,V#.3
rBIB6F6=BA
jB7G96A7BIP67I7:9=>
B<F6
jB7G96A7=9B7BIP6
F@C57B<F6
jB7BIP6A7B567AIF6
B<F67IA7;D<B<=>79=
EIE6D
sD6?@6=C<6A
L
Lo
n
t6DC6=BI>6A
nHnn
KKHKm
omHmf
456789::9;<=>7BI[:67A59;A759;7IBBIC56G7A9F6
AB@G6=BA7JefMfgNO7AB<::7ID67B97BDIG<B<9=I:7;D<B<=>H
01 3456789
488
!"#
$%&'()*+, -*./01211,34, 4204.*"-54- $%&b()*+, -*./#c40121*1$,"*"4-$&#1"*"-5
$#"6"
5"! *c 1$.4-241*c "1Xc4"X (
)*$*3 -*d$3341X43241*$%&#"*c*1$,"Y
pA<A9;9EAF
q?9[Q9EM@9F
r9?M9EA<R9F
*"4-$&#1"*"-5% X$+. d
e:S>QDN:?<A89?:S?@A9
FA?<@R8A:>E:A89:S@T@
e:QF9:<:S>?N
O?>M9FF>?:<EN
O<FA9:A9\A:>EA>:A89
S@T@
e:S?@A9:>E:O<O9?
<EN:A89E:ABO9:;B
A9\A:>E:A89:S@T@
s
ttVtt
^
h_V_H
_
tHVHJ
789:;<=>?@AB:>C:D9<?E9?F:GHHIHJKL:?9<MA9N
>OA@;@FA@M<DDB:A>:O99?PM>??9MA@>EI:;<@EDB:NQ9:A>
?9M>RE@F@ER:A89:C<MA:A8<A:S@T@F:9E<UD9:A89;:A>:?<@F9
A89@?:<S<?9E9FF:>C:A89:S?@A@ER:O?>M9FFV
$%&W()*+, -*./1$X*"4-*40 1YX411X*"44-$#"6"
pA<A9;9EAF
q?9[Q9EM@9F
r9?M9EA<R9F
e:D@T9:@A:U9M<QF9
;B:MD<FF;<A9F
M<E:FO>A:;B
;@FA<T9F:<EN:A8@F
89DOF:;9
QEN9?FA<EN:S8B:e
;<N9:A89;
e:D@T9:@A:U9M<QF9:e
M<E:M>;O<?9:A89
N@CC9?9EM9
U9AS99E:U9C>?9
<EN:<CA9?:A89
M>??9MA@>EF
e:N>EuA:D@T9:@AV:e
O?9C9?:A89
A9<M89?:A>:M>??9MA
9g9?BA8@ER:QF@ER
<:?9N:O9E
``
s`V̀`
^
h
h_V_H
``V̀`
pA<A9;9EAF
@A:@F:C<FA9?
@A:@F:;>?9
>?R<E@F9N
e:N>:E>A:8<g9:<
R>>N:eEA9?E9A
M>EE9MA@>E
q?9[Q9EM@9F
a
h
r9?M9EA<R9F
^_V̀a
hHV^_
`
`aVhJ
eEA9?9FA@ERDBI:;>FA:FAQN9EAF:<?9:E>A:@ECDQ9EM9N:A>
QF9:A89:eEA9?E9A:=QFA:U9M<QF9:A89B:<?9:S>?T@ER:S@A8
N@R@A<D:A9\AV:f>Eg9?F9DBI:>EDB:hhIhhK:>C:D9<?E9?F:N>
F>:S89E:A89B:S>?T:S@A8:S@T@FV
$%&i(j4#3+Xc+. 42-*1- *.*+, -*.
3$6 "-*c #1"*"-5014X ..
pA<A9;9EAF
q?9[Q9EM@9F
r9?M9EA<R9F
789B:<DS<BF:QF9
A89:eEA9?E9A:S89E
S?@A@ER:>E:O<O9?:>?
QF@ER:<:S@T@
789B:>EDB:QF9:A89
eEA9?E9A:S89E:A89B
S>?T:S@A8:S@T@F
789B:E9g9?:QF9:A89
eEA9?E9A
_
tHVHJ
a
hhVhh
_
tHVHJ
klm)kl
n@T@F:?9O?9F9EA:<:E9S:R9E9?<A@>E:>C:S9UPU<F9N
ZE:9E[Q@?B:S<F:<DF>:;<N9:<F:A>:S8B:F>;9:FAQP
N9EAF:FA@DD:?9DB:>E:O<O9?:A>:O?>NQM9:O@9M9F:>C:A9\AV A>>DF:C>?:M>DD<U>?<A@g9:D9<?E@ER:S8@M8:F8>QDN:U9
]Q9:A>:A89:C<MA:A8<A:F>;9:FAQN9EAF:C@?FA:S?@A9:>E:O<P M>EF@N9?9N:@C:>E9:@EA9ENF:A>:C>MQF:>E:O?>M9FF
O9?:<EN:A89E:A?<EFC9?:A89@?:A9\A:A>:A89:S@T@I:A89B:C@EN S?@A@ERV:o9<?E9?F:U9E9C@AI:<F:<?RQ9NI:C?>;:A89
@EA9?<MA@>E:<;>ER:O99?FV:n8<A:@F:;>?9I:S@T@F:>CC9?:<
A?<N@A@>E<D:S?@A@ER:C<FA9?:G^_ÌaKLV
;9<E@ERCQD:M>EA9\A:C>?:FAQN9EAF:A>:;>g9:A>S<?NF
<QA>E>;>QF:D9<?E@ERV
01 3456789
4881
!"#!$
%&'()*&'+,-&'.,'/,.0+&')'1)203'0/+1&)4&'0/'5&67
6)4&3'.,,84'94&3'50.(')/'&39+).0,/)8'2912,4&:
-)0/8;<=>?@:ABCB@')/3D>EFG@H@I'J,5&*&1:'0.'04'2)1.
,K',91'1,8&')4'.&)+(&14'.,'-)L&'.(&'10M(.'94&',K'.(&4&
2,.&/.0)8')2280+).0,/4')/3'+,/403&1'5().'6&/&K0.4
.(&;'5088'610/M'.,',91'4.93&/.4I
!¨©ª«©¬«­!!®ª¬#¬¯!°­¬©±©¯#!²³
O´!"!¬«#¬µ®¨®¬
%01&8&44'a&)3;c'¶/.&1)+.0*0.;:'q,88)6,1).0,/')/3
s&&36)+L'0/'r)/M9)M&'r&)1/0/M'y&+(/,8,M0&4:'Sg.(
€)1+('STT‚:'·)M,;)'w/0*&140.;',K'q,--&1+&'f
P940/&44
€0+()&8'y(,-)4
NO
P)9-)/:'QI'RSTTUVIW>EXYZBEGEX[\]^_BEG`'a0,'3& tkX[@XF>ZE[>ZX|EG„[BZHXYZGHB>ZG=[@„lD>@B_l[>Z
b)/&01,c'b,1M&'Q)()1'd30.,1I
ABYX=X@@[=XGYZBZ?[XZjBY>ZlXZH@[@D>Z@>YXE[<„[HkX
–{t›\[\XGYZBZ?[tXFkZ>=>?BX@¸[ƒ–¹[H>>C[D=GFX[BZ
J,896&+:'dI:'b,(/4,/:'eI'f'b,(/4,/:'aI'RUgghVI ºG?>„G[>Z[»¼Hk[WGYFk[»½½¾`[tkX[jXZ_X[AG@[>ZFX
i>>DXYGHBjX[\XGYZBZ?[BZ[HkX[i=G@@Y>>lI'm8&n)/310): G?GBZ[HkX[X—FX==XZH[~GFB=BHBX@[>~[ºG?>„G[œZBjXY@BH„[>~
o)Ic'm44,+0).0,/'K,1'p92&1*040,/')/3'q9110+989- i>llXYFX[¿[™_@BZX@@[BZ[BH@[E>AZH>AZ[<_@BZX@@
e&*&8,2-&/.I
@Fk>>=[FGlD_@[ZXGY[H>[HkX[k>HX=[EB@HYBFH[GZE[FBH„¸@
FXZHYG=[HYGZ@D>YH[F>ZZXFHB>Z@`[tkX[~GFB=BHBX@
r)14&/7s1&&-)/:'eI'RSTTTVI tXFkZB^_X@[GZE DY>jBEXE[G[=GY?X[À»½|@XGHXY[kG==[~>Y[HkX[HkYXX
uYBZFBD=X@[BZ[\GZ?_G?X[tXGFkBZ?`'S/3'&3I:'vnK,13c BZHXYZGHB>ZG=[CX„Z>HX[@DXGCXY@[GZE[HA>[~_YHkXY
l>EXYZ[=XFH_YX[Y>>l@˜[F>lD=XHX[ABHk[HA>[EB@D=G„
vnK,13'w/0*&140.;'x1&44I
@FYXXZ@[GZE[@HGHX|>~|HkX|GYH[{Á[X^_BDlXZH̀[{=@>[BZ
y(,1/691;:'pI'RSTTzVI{Z[{|}[>~[\t`'vnK,13c GHHXZEGZFX[AXYX[iGl<YBE?X[œZBjXY@BH„[uYX@@˜
—~>YE[œZBjXY@BH„[uYX@@˜[uXGY@>Z[\>Z?lGZ[GZE[HkX
€)+-088)/'d39+).0,/I
žGDGZX@X[jXZE>Y[~>Y[iGlHG@BG[@FYXXZ[YXF>YEBZ?
o;M,.4L;:'rI'RUg‚VI WBZE[BZ[ƒ>FBXH„[|[HkX @>~HAGYX`
…XjX=>DlXZH[>~[†B?kXY[u@„Fk>=>?BFG=
uY>FX@@X@`'q)-6103M&c'J)1*)13'w/0*&140.;'x1&44I e9&'.,')'9/0*&140.;'€Pm',10&/.).0,/'.(&'&*&/.
6&M)/'8).&1'.()/',/'.(&'K014.',++)40,/:'4.)1.0/M'0/
‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‹Ž‰Œ‘‰Ž’“‰”•[F_YYXZH=„[HXGFkX@[Z?=B@k .(&')K.&1/,,/')/3'K0/04(0/M'0/'.(&'&)18;'&*&/0/MI'¶/
GH[GZ[Z?=B@k[\GZ?_G?X[ƒFk>>=[FG==XE[i_=H_YG )330.0,/'.,'.(1&&'L&;/,.&'42&)L&14'K1,-',9.403&
–Z?=X@G[BZ[…_^_X[EX[iG—BG@˜[™YGšB=`[†X[B@[E>BZ?[GZ b)2)/'R€0+()&8'q,M(8)/:'a944&88'p.)//)13')/3
W{[BZ[{DD=BXE[\BZ?_B@HBF@[GH[HkX[›XEXYG=[œZBjXY@BH„ b,(/'q,880+LV:'K0*&'2)/&84',KK&10/M')'K91.(&1'US
>~[B>[EX[žGZXBY>˜[™YGšB=`[†X[B@[BZHXYX@HXE[BZ 21&4&/.).0,/4'5&1&'21,*03&3I'y(&'&*&/.',/+&')M)0/
E_FGHB>ZG=[ tXFkZ>=>?„[ GZE[ HkX[ W_=HBD=X )..1)+.&3')'40Ã&)68&')930&/+&:'31)5/'K1,-')88',*&1
–ZHX==B?XZFX@[HkX>Y„`[†X[FGZ[<X[F>ZHGFHXE[GHŸ b)2)/:')4'5&88')4'0/.&1/).0,/)8'2)1.0+02)/.4'K1,q(0/):'m94.1)80):'.(&'wÄ:'d91,2&')/3'Ä,1&)I
• ‰Œ‘‰¡“‰”•¢£‰¤¥•¦¥§“
P90830/M',/'8)4.';&)1Å4'&*&/.'5(0+(',KK&1&3',/&',K
01 3456789
488

Documentos relacionados