technology at work

Transcrição

technology at work

HARTING’s Technology Newsletter
SPECIAL TOPIC:
TECHNOLOGY AT WORK
INTERNATIONAL
_Japan: Trends in robotics
INDUSTRY
_KUKA and HARTING
INTERNET
_Markets are built from information and dialogue
INVESTMENT
_Wind energy and offshore wind farms
INTER-DISCIPLINE
_HARTING goes MicroMID™
People Power Partnership
7-I-2001
Title
Technology at Work
F
rom industrial robots to wind
turbines, from a visionary
one-wheeled vehicle to optical data
transmission, these are the range of
topics covered by this seventh edition of tec.News – and they are examples of practice-derived applications for state-of-the-art connector technology.
The exciting thing about connectors
is that no matter how inconspicuous, perhaps even secondary, these
components may seem at first, if
you take a closer look it soon becomes clear to what extent the
modular form of construction used
in today’s industrial systems has
been made possible by them, or at
least possible at acceptable cost.
Small things – great impact.
2
HARTING tec.News 7-I-2001
E D I T O R I A L _p.4
•INTERNATIONAL
_Japan: Trends in robotics p.6
•INDUSTRY
_Han fiber-optic connectors to KUKA robots p.12
•INTERNET
_Markets are built from information and dialogue p.16
•INVESTMENT
_Wind energy and offshore wind farms p.22
•INTER-DISCIPLINE
_HARTING goes MicroMID™ p.26
•INNOVATION
_The electric unicycle p.30
P A N O R A M A _p.36
3
tec.
E d i t o r i a l
Trade Fair – and nothing happens,
systems which are very well-publi-
or when the oxygen equipment for
cised, would not have been made
the patient just awakening from
possible at all.
the anaesthetic does not work despite all efforts made, and the
The technological spectrum facing
nurse says, “Well, perhaps we
a connector manufacturer is be-
don’t need it after all.”
coming increasingly complex. Our
mutual efforts can only succeed if
Still we must not forget all the
we join you, our experts at cus-
things which function twenty four
tomers and in science and technol-
hours a day, and then flawlessly.
ogy, in a dialogue on the future.
This list is longer. That is why I
We have always followed a policy
believe in our vision: “We want to
of openness and co-operation.
MARGRIT HARTING
shape the future with technologies
Technology is increasingly becom-
Publisher tec.News
for people.”
ing a “joint” effort. In this spirit,
“I have achieved many results; I
tec.News is a means of achieving
tec.News should also be seen as an
ongoing opportunity for dialogue.
know thousands of things which
this. Launched three years ago, it
don’t work.”
has already won over its staunch
Prominent public personalities
(Thomas A. Edison)
fans from among our partners
have lent even more lustre to our
throughout the world. It aims to
magazine with their names and
s it coincidence or inten-
communicate interesting, in-depth
contributions (see page 42). This
tional? Or is it because of
and novel information as well as
is “People – Power – Partnership”
colourful facts from HARTING’s
live, and that is exactly what we
world of technology.
want. To shape the future with
I
the
7th-edition
itch that I, of all
people, am writing the editorial for
the “Technology at Work” issue?
technology for people using a lot
Actually, it’s probably fate, dear
We have received plenty of acclaim
of power in fruitful partnership
tec.News readers, because for the
from you. For content, for layout,
with you!
30-year HARTING marriage – al-
and for the fact that tec.News is
Will you join us? Join us!
most half of which as co-entrepre-
more than just a company bro-
neur – I have been living in this
chure. Where critical remarks have
schizophrenic dilemma: on the one
been made, we have been glad to
hand technology which is supposed
use them in the ongoing improve-
to create more convenience and
ment of this publication. Dialogue
comfort and, on the other, the
with you remains the most impor-
everyday technology which lets you
tant concern of tec.News.
Enjoy your tec.News 7,
down at important personal moments: when the (then) Minister
Components and their technologies
President and today Chancellor,
are usually a subject for special-
Gerhard Schröder, is supposed to
ists. But without our technologies,
press THE button at the Hanover
many subsequent products and
4
5
tec.
S p e c i a l
INTERNATIONAL
t o p i c
Japan: Trends in robotics
Kota Imoto
n Japan robots are defi-
At the ROBODEX Trade Fair in No-
har-bus® HM, integrated in the
nitely on their way to
vember 2000 two-legged robots,
CompactPCI robot control unit,
winning a firm place in Japan-
such as Asimo developed by Honda
plays a not insignificant role in
ese daily life. A clear indication
or the SDR-3X developed by SONY
realising this technology.
of this is the booming pet ro-
attracted great attention. The
bot business. Pets are very
SDR-3X was specially designed for
CURRENT STATUS OF INDUS-
popular in Japan but require
entertainment purposes and is ca-
TRIAL ROBOTS IN JAPAN
space and plenty of looking af-
pable of identifying voices and im-
ter. So Sony developed an arti-
ages. Visitors to the trade fair
The table on page 8, based on data
ficial pet, somewhat resem-
were over the moon when the
from Nippon Industry Paper, shows
bling a dog, which answers to
robot first managed by itself to
the sales figures for the main indus-
the cute name of Aibo, and
recognise a ball purely by its
trial robot manufacturers in Japan
which is, of course, a lot easier
colour and then later performed
in 2000. Matsushita managed to
to care for than a real pet.
a Japanese dance together with
maintain its top position largely be-
Other manufacturers are
two other robot pals.
cause its chip assembly machines
I
are included in this ranking. Com-
offering similar products
as part of their range.
Conversely, Honda’s Asimo reflects
pared to the previous year, an over-
the result of research and develop-
all recovery in domestic investment
ment efforts which involved en-
in equipment was apparent. In-
dowing robots with as many simple
creased sales in the IT sector, for
human skills as possible. At present
example in mobile telephones, offset
his movements in a natural envi-
a decline in investments in the auto-
ronment are very sure and almost
motive industry. Yasukawa, with its
“human” and he is simultaneously
flexible-arm robot for automobile
able to carry out simple actions. To
manufacture, and Kawasaki, with its
enable these highly complex move-
clean-room robots for semiconduc-
ments to be smooth and jerk-free,
tor production, proved particularly
extremely rapid information pro-
competitive.
cessing is required. The HARTING
6
7
THE ROBOT FAMILY
The Japanese TOP 20 (source: Nippon Industry Paper)
The kinds of systems classified as
robot technology (robotics) vary to
Manufacturer
Sales 2000 (Yen millions)
some extent in different industrialised regions of the world. In his
1 Matsushita
150,000
article, Mr Imoto deals as much
2 Fuji Kikai
105,000
with the family of industrial robots
3 Fanuc
93,800
as he does with service robots. In
4 Yasukawa
74,000
Japan this does not only include
5 Yamaha
32,000
freely programmable robots (multi-
6 Sanyo High Technology
30,000
purpose industrial robots), but also
7 Kawasaki Heavy Industry
28,000
all types of automatic assembly
8 Fujikoshi
26,000
machines (dedicated industrial
9 Juki
23,000
10 Star
15,000
shown in the table can deviate from
1 1 Daihen
14,400
other listings based on different
12 Mitsubishi
9,000
robots). To this extent the figures
criteria.
ROBOT TECHNOLOGIES
13 Denso
7,000
14 Sankyo Precision
5,100
15 Harmo
5,000
16 Nitto Seiko
4,509
17 Kobe Steel
2,900
18 Seiko Epson
2,300
Robots can be deployed for an ex-
19 Asuka
2,160
traordinary variety of tasks, in-
20 Amada
1,800
cluding welding, coating, assembling, machining and processing.
Their areas of application range
from shipbuilding and automobile
In program control technology two
as often as required by the
production to agriculture and
basic methods are differentiated:
machine with top precision.
health care.
in the first method, the robot operates according to a fixed, pre-
Depending on the model and task
Equally diverse are the technolo-
determined NC program, while in
requirements, the control program
gies which are used in robot devel-
the second, called master-slave or
is based on different coordinate
opment. This includes the mechani-
teach-in technology, the move-
systems:
cal design concept, the large num-
ment sequence is “practised” by a
ber of different “limbs”, the con-
human being. While the operator
trol technology as well as appli-
guides the robot, the movements
if the arm mechanism mainly
cation-specific specialised parts
are recorded by the robot’s posi-
follows a cartesian coordinate
such as grippers, tool changers
tion and angle measuring systems
system
and others.
and they can later be reproduced
8
n
orthogonal coordinate systems
Examples for the novel use of
robots in material handling for
transport, movement, parts feeding and picking up parts can be
derived from the following patent
applications:
n
cylindrical/polar coordinate
systems where arm movements
n
semiconductor production (Mex,
THE FIVE PHASES TO DATE
largely follow a circular path
n
silicon-wafer transport device in
1995),
combined algorithms particularly
After robot technology first found
for multi-articular systems
its way into factories at the begin-
transfer robot for electronic
where the arm mechanism may
ning of the 1970s, a phase of inten-
equipment (Nippon Vacuum,
consist of more than three
sive development and new con-
1995),
rotating joints.
cepts followed in 1980 to 1984,
n
n
ployed remained constant from
repetitive accuracy as well as opti-
year to year.
packaging machines for agricultural products (Makita, 1996),
while initially the numbers deHigh positioning precision and
multi-articular circuit board
n
devices for handling books
(Shinko, 1996).
mised path speeds together with
increased safety, require an ex-
In the third period (1984 – 1989),
Examples for their application in
tremely high degree of co-ordina-
the newly developed technologies
final processing are:
tion between mechanics, drive
were taken up by production, the
n
system and software.
number of installed robots rose
ry alloys for aerospace equip-
significantly.
ment (Space Activities, 1994),
USES OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
n
actuators made of shape-memo-
devices to transport circuit
boards in vacuums (Kokusai
The fourth phase from 1990 to
Electric, 1995)
In the 70s, robots were mainly
about 1996 was characterised by
used for material handling, for
the fact that due to the difficult
picking up parts and transporting
overall economic situation only
mantling of nuclear reactors
them as well as for tool handling
very limited resources were avail-
(Fuji Electric, 1996).
on machine tools and for welding.
able for research and development
In the 80s, surface finishing and
in robot technology.
n
equipment for the remote dis-
In the medical field, surgical
manipulators based on
assembly work was added. Finally,
at the close of the 80s, the range
Today, in the ongoing fifth phase,
micro-manipulators
of uses was extended to include
the overall situation could certain-
(Daum, 1994), and
their deployment in clean-rooms
ly not be considered ideal. Howev-
artificial limbs for
and in final processing. In the
er, the revival, particularly in the
the disabled (Ikaken,
meantime, robots have also been
IT sector, can be seen as heralding
1996) have now attained a
used increasingly in the areas of
a recovery for the Japanese econo-
very high degree of
medicine, health care and welfare.
my.
functionality.
9
10
INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
IN THE FUTURE
We well remember the pictures of
Koichi Wakata of Japan in October
2000 who took part in assembling
the International Space Station
(ISS), supported only by a freely
mobile robot arm in a vacuum. Perhaps one day, thanks to progress in
robot technology, we will be able
to penetrate into new, as yet unknown worlds.
On presenting the SDR-3X, Sony indicated that this model has initial-
And, last but not least, in light of
Much of science and technology
ly been conceived as an entertain-
the advances made in identifica-
has been copied from nature, such
ment robot, but also drew atten-
tion technology and movement
as the invention of the airplane,
tion to the very narrow boundary
control, robots will be performing
with which mankind’s longing to fly
between entertainment and busi-
useful household functions within
as free as a bird through the air
ness. Robot technology holds out
the foreseeable future, even
was made a reality.
good business prospects in the
though this may still seem pie
future.
in the sky today.
Recently, Honda began hiring out
A glance at the next generation of
make new, unknown areas benefi-
Asimo and added a few simple voice
robots may well be a cause for re-
cial to mankind.
functions for this purpose. The
flecting once again with amaze-
company’s aim is to help create a
ment at the complexity and the
social environment in which robots
tremendous capabilities which dis-
are readily accepted as part of
tinguish our species, homo sapiens.
Kota Imoto,
everyday life. For this, a separate
Human civilisation and science and
Managing Director,
division was established to deal
technology could hardly have de-
HARTING Japan
specifically with hiring out robots
veloped so rapidly and so compre-
for public institutions, museums,
hensively had the basic laws of na-
Contact:
showrooms and corporate events,
ture not shown us the way.
[email protected]
Let us take the further development of robotics as a challenge to
in short, wherever public interest
is at its highest.
We thank FANUC Germany who provided us with robot photos for this
article.
11
tec.
S p e c i a l
INDUSTRY
t o p i c
Han fiber-optic connectors for
Interbus interfaces to KUKA robots
Andre Beneke
S
ince the early seventies, numerous new application areas for robots
have evolved, ranging from industrial manufacturing to state-of-the-
art medicine. These applications always entail highly complex systems in
which high-performance connectors play a vital role.
The connectors are mainly used to
from external electromagnetic in-
of transmission and
connect switch cabinets and robots
terference. Strong electromagnet-
reception unit.
and transfer electrical power, while
ic fields are encountered in weld-
also controlling the robot and the
ing applications in particular, that
In the past, engineers of-
tool in the robot’s head. In most
still represent the main application
ten hesitated to use fiber-
cases, fixed wiring is not feasible as
for industrial robots. These strong
optic technology as they
this would incur unacceptably high
fields can easily corrupt electrical
felt the supposedly compli-
assembly costs in setting up and
signals, causing the entire system
cated system structure and
testing the robot system, as well as
to malfunction. In order to protect
sensitive cabling made this
during transportation, installation
the signals from this kind of degra-
technology unsuitable for in-
and commissioning. In addition to
dation, cables and other compo-
the connections between switch
nents – including the connectors
cabinets and robots, additional con-
involved – have to be shielded
nectors are often required as most
appropriately.
robots operate in conjunction with
other peripheral systems and not as
ADVANCES IN
stand-alone solutions. The commu-
FIBER-OPTIC
nication between robots and pe-
TECHNOLOGY
ripheral systems is usually via
connectors.
Signals can also be
protected from exter-
Today, robots frequently operate
nal interference by
under extremely demanding envi-
using fiber-optic
ronmental conditions. For many
technology. Optical sig-
applications, IP 65 protection is
nals, transmitted via plastic or
mandatory. In other words, all
glass fiber cables, remain virtual-
components have to be protected
ly unaffected by electromagnetic
against dirt and humidity. In addi-
fields. In addition, these cables
tion, sensitive signals (for example
permit very high data transfer
bus signals) have to be screened
rates, as well as DC decoupling
12
dustrial use. In the meantime, the
by which fiber-optic technology is
ease and safety, as well as its ro-
situation has changed fundamen-
finding use in industrial manufac-
bust design, delivering outstand-
tally: many system suppliers and
turing. Individual manufacturers
ing mechanical stability both when
end customers, including those op-
are increasingly opting for the re-
connected and when disconnected.
erating robots, have gained posi-
alization of manufacturing control
tive experience with fiber-optic
concepts based on optical Interbus
technologies. After all, the
systems.
TERMINATION
The robot manufacturer KUKA, of
After the outer jacket is removed
Augsburg, Germany, also opted for
the plastic fiber is fed into the
oped for use
HARTING products for the fiber-
contact. The connection side of
in tough
optic interface between switch
the contact is first crimped onto
industrial
cabinets and robots. This involves
the fiber jacket. The ferrule of
environ-
a connector from the Han-Modu-
the contact side itself is then
ments.
lar®
crimped directly onto the fiber.
This in-
the proven robust Han® B hous-
This double crimping guarantees
cludes
ings, size 24 (IP 65). The Han-Mo-
a particularly strong retention
fiber-op-
dular insert consists of two Han
force of the fiber in the contact.
tic cables
multi-contact modules, a Han DD
components available today
have been specifically designed and devel-
which with-
series, installed in one of
module and three blank modules.
When this double crimping proce-
The Han DD module is used for the
dure has been completed, the end
when used in drag
voltage supply. The two Han multi-
of the fiber can be polished.
chains and are even re-
contact modules are equipped with
stand high loads
sistant to welding sparks. Active
six fiber-optic contacts compliant
These procedures in the prepara-
components such as media con-
with CECC 78001-801 (previously
tion of the fiber-optic contact
verters offer IP 65 or even IP 68
DIN 41 626, Part 3) and transmit
guarantee particularly precise
protection. Passive interfaces,
optical Interbus signals.
and safe positioning of the fiber
in the contact and are, in combi-
which are essential in robots, can
The crucial factors in the decision
nation with the spring fitting of
in favor of the HARTING solution
the female contact, the key for
The automotive sector provides
were the ability to pre-form the
a reliable passive interface with
some salient examples of the way
entire connector with complete
low attenuation.
be easily realized today.
13
HIGH MECHANICAL
against external influences by the
STABILITY
proven Han B housing.
Apart from the robustness of the
In partnership with KUKA, HARTING
fiber-optic contacts, automotive
is making a contribution to ensur-
manufacturers attached particular
ing maximum quality and availabil-
importance to connector inserts
ity in automotive manufacturing
featuring a robust design as well
operations.
as providing as protected a position as possible for the contacts in
these inserts. The HARTING modu-
Fig.: KUKA
lar solution obviously fulfilled
Dipl.-Ing. Andre Beneke,
these requirements particularly
Market Manager Robots & Auto-
well.
cessed in the modules. The modules
mation, Industrial Division Han,
are very robust and stable, togeth-
HARTING Espelkamp
When disconnected, the contacts
er with the hinged frame of the
are well protected from mechani-
Han-Modular system. When con-
Contact:
cal loads since they are slightly re-
nected, the inserts are protected
[email protected]
14
15
tec.
S p e c i a l
INTERNET
t o p i c
Markets are built from information and dialogue
Birgit Friederike Haberbosch
A global company, active in markets all around the world, differs in many ways from a traditional company, without
entirely forgetting the old, still valid, rules.
16
T
he first markets were just
markets. They were neither
bearish nor bullish, they were not
battlefields and had no target
groups. Above all, they did not
have “consumers”. The first markets were lively meeting points,
full of people. Not full of abstractions, and not full of statistical
quantities. They were places where
supply and demand met in a firm
handshake. The first markets were
places of exchange, where people
came to buy and to talk. They were
full of discussion, talk about goods,
about novelties, maybe about gossip, but always about opinions.
Rarely were these discussions important to everyone, but they
would interest at least someone.
Many of these discussions closed
with a sale. This sale was then the
exclamation mark at the end of a
sentence or of a long discussion.
Some finished with an idea, and
were the starting point for a new
product.
In those days the traders’ hands
were marked by the work that was
their life. Their trademark was also
their name. They were called
Miller, Tanner, or Fisher, and they
knew where their markets were.
They knew where they would find
people with the same interests and
who were looking for what they
needed. Buyer and seller were both
17
there, and they talked to each oth-
history be translated into the glob-
we, as innovative problem solvers
er directly. There were no media, no
al markets of today?
and producers, can meet our cus-
media filters, no positioning state-
tomers face to face so that we can
21st
century the mass media,
ments, no advertising, no PR and no
In the
marketing department. Markets
the various electronic and conven-
discussions that are based on com-
were places of consultation, they
tional media, allow us to address
mon interests. Nowadays we con-
were places where people met to
larger and larger markets. The me-
sider ourselves as on-the-spot
see the work of others, to judge
dia can do it, industry can do it, and
technology partners in the field
others’ products, to talk about
of course HARTING can do it too.
of connectors, wherever our
them and to buy. Everything was
Neither more bureaucracy nor
customer needs us.
learn from them in discussions,
local, personal, immediate and
familiar.
MARKETS CONSIST OF
PEOPLE, NOT OF TARGET
GROUPS
A lot changed with the industrial
revolution. Production became
more efficient, and the attitude of
managers to both production and
to suppliers was reflected in their
activity on their markets. The
enormous increase in production
burst beyond the previously familiar and limited market. Replaceable workers created replaceable
greater distance, but being close to
products for replaceable customers
the customer, like the old tanners
WE ARE NETWORKING
whom they did not know.
and potters – that is our company’s
WITH THE MARKETS
goal. The producer should look the
AND WITH OUR CUSTOMERS
We are familiar with this develop-
customer in the eye, should pro-
AROUND THE WORLD
ment, and we also know the goal. In
claim the message globally and
spite of globalisation, we must, as
should stand by it. Whether it is in
It is a fact that there are 24 hours
in the past, continue to inform and
Germany, in Japan, or in some oth-
in the world’s day, and we all agree
satisfy the customer, as a human
er corner of the world. It is a long
that we want to use these 24 hours
being and addressee, in the same
time since distance was a problem.
to supply information and products
way as in the markets of the past.
With 30 subsidiary companies, we
to whoever needs them and can
But how can the market place of
think of markets as places where
use them. But how do we find the
18
people who need exactly our
The internet is a place, and our
hardly have become the world’s
knowledge and our products?
website is a marketplace where we
market leader in the field of indus-
provide information. It provides a
trial connectors if we were not
We know that information and
platform for you to make contact
ready to meet our customers
news is lying in wait for us every-
with us – from wherever you are,
wherever they are – networked or
where. Most often we try to avoid
whatever the time may be. This is
not. We are using the internet and
the lure of advertising, because we
not just a place for “commerce”,
its facilities for our customers, not
know that garish advertising and
“traffic” or for “e-something-or-
just as a channel for passing on
flashing banners are often bait on
other”. Here, in our network mar-
messages and for requesting infor-
which it is better not to become
ketplace, there can and should be
mation, but also to invite our busi-
hooked. And it is not the purpose
a place where people can learn to
ness partners to talk to us. In this
way we can together retrieve the
mood of the old marketplace. We
can reach out further, and have
more ways of communicating. Networked markets are not just passive observers waiting for the next
message to arrive. Our website is a
place for relationships between
people, translated into the media
of the modern age.
WE CONSULT WITH YOU
As in the networked marketplace,
people inside the firm also talk to
of our internet presence to entice.
gather information, to talk to one
each other directly – not just by
We are using the net and our pre-
another, and indeed to do business
means of regulations, directives,
sentation on the web to link up
together one day. Every product
operating results and instructions.
21st
century markets on
can be found here, it can be exam-
They talk about our subject: indus-
the internet. We want to use it to
ined and questions can be asked
trial connector technologies.
talk to you about current topics,
about it. Of course, even in these
Everyone is involved in the cre-
from anywhere in the world and at
days of e-commerce, we have not
ation and development of new
any time. We want to inform you,
forgotten the classic technique of
ideas, driven forward by one vision.
and so to talk with you in the way
the printed catalogue. We know
We want to help you forward in
that used to be normal in the mar-
quite well that not everybody in
your task and in the solution of
ketplace.
the world is on the net, and we
your problem with comprehensible
want to reach them all. We would
yet unfiltered information. In the
with our
19
age of the net, we want to provide
helpful and well-informed staff at
they want to supply the customers
you with genuine and accurate in-
your service all around the world,
with information, to advise them,
formation and support, and not to
with whom you can speak directly
to demonstrate their competence
confuse you with unimportant
and on the telephone. Start a dia-
– while at the same time learning
matters.
log. Electronically networked, per-
from the customers in these con-
sonally, by telephone, and by way
sultations, gaining information and
HARKIS® is exactly the right
of our other sources of informa-
in turn meeting the customer’s in-
source of information for the solu-
tion. It’s not just our customers
terests with new innovations. It is
tion of your problem, whether di-
who want to talk to our staff, but
thus not just a one-sided conversa-
rectly over the net or with the aid
also the staff who want to join in
tion but an exchange, signifying to
of a CD-ROM. You ask the questions
consultation with the customers,
us all the elixir of innovation that
– HARKIS, our electronic represen-
and who are looking forward to the
makes us so successful in the
tative, will answer them with you.
exchange of information. Because
world’s markets.
Thus you will find the answers to
your questions on our website, and
you will get just the product that
you were looking for. Your search
will be supported by our HARKIS
system, which will guide you securely to your goal.
MESSAGES
ARE COMMUNICATION
If you want to learn about the connector market, it is not essential
to get your information only from
our website. The printed media also have a role to play for us. Our
company has a large number of
EXCHANGING QUESTIONS
AND KNOWLEDGE IS THE
BASIS OF EVERYTHING NEW
What we offer has nothing to do
with replaceable products, replaceable engineers or replaceable
consumers handled by replaceable
dealers with replaceable staff. For
us, markets consist of people, not
of target groups. That is why we
are offering new forms of service,
20
to prove this to you on a daily ba-
to face. You are wondering how you
We are ready to prove this afresh
sis. We talk the same language –
can recognise our voice on the
every day.
whereever we are. Whatever we are
net? The voice of HARTING can be
doing, whatever we know and pro-
heard quite openly at our website.
When you have read this article,
duce, is available immediately
And before you have downloaded
your dialogue with us has already
whenever, however and wherever
the last file you will be able to
begun. You can now take it further,
you want. We supply, as in a mar-
judge whether we are talking with
or you can leave it. As soon as you
ketplace, wherever and whatever
commitment, or whether our infor-
take part, you become an individ-
you want from our
ual for us, with a name, with your
ranges. You will see
own opinions, humour, passions
that we continue to
and problems. Not just an anony-
have an enormous
mous figure behind an e-mail ad-
need for useful dis-
dress. Our support will not disap-
cussion with you. In
pear. It will develop with the con-
this exciting new
tact we have with you, whoever and
market, customers
wherever you are. The new markets
tell us what they
know more and learn faster than
want, and we know
the old markets did, but for us
what we can do for
they are just as effective and hon-
them. That is the
est. Take a look, and talk to us.
challenge that we
That is the good news – that we
really can talk to each other any-
set ourselves daily,
and that we approach with our
mation is only online because some
time, anyplace. Read our book, meet
skills and our commitment. And
adviser has recommended it. You
us on the internet, find us in our
time and again it starts with a con-
can see and feel quite clearly
brochures and catalogues, but
sultation and finishes with an ex-
whether the company that is talk-
above all: recognise us and our phi-
clamation mark.
ing to you is sound, whether it is
losophy in our products. They are
providing you with information and
what underpin what was and is
is truly helping you to solve your
crucial for all the world’s mar-
THE VOICES MUST BE RIGHT
problem. There, and in our materi-
kets: top quality products that
You might now ask how you can
al on other media, you can judge
are the manufacturer’s pride
start to consult with us. Relax, it
whether our staff really care about
and the customer’s joy.
can be quite easy. Consult with us,
their jobs, solving your problem by
and do it in whatever way is easiest
making it their own – and above all
for you. You can talk to us on the
you can tell whether our company
Birgit Friederike Haberbosch
net at any time, any place. You can
is what it has been for its cus-
General Manager
read at leisure, using one of our
tomers for the last 50 years: a
Public Relations and Communications,
many sources, whether catalogue
place where people meet to see the
HARTING Espelkamp
or product information. We have
work of others, to talk about it and
one voice – printed, electronic, on
to solve their problems with our
Contact:
CD-ROM, on the telephone or face
expertise and using our products.
[email protected]
21
22
tec.
S p e c i a l
INVESTMENT
t o p i c
Wind energy and offshore wind farms
Andreas Naß
M
ankind needs energy. Generating energy, while conserving resources and protecting the environment
to the greatest extent possible, is one of the major challenges of our times. In addition to saving en-
ergy, increased use of renewable energies is vital if we are to achieve the goals agreed upon at the World
Climate Conference in Kyoto in 1992. Given the extensive exploitation of hydropower, wind energy, in cost
competition with other energy forms, will present the greatest potential for short-term growth.
Wind energy was first harnessed
for sailing boats and windmills during the late Bronze Age. In 1335
A.D., the Italian Guido Vigevano invented a wind-powered battle wagon. The first wind energy stations
generating electrical energy were
built by Paul La Cour in 1891. Until
GW
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
growth
rate
(187 %)
the oil crisis in the seventies, ac-
1990
tivities in the field of wind energy
actual
were mainly private initiatives focused on basic aspects of the tech-
1992
1994
Europe
1996
1998
America
2000
Asia
2002
2004
others
Fig. 1: Development of wind energy power installed per year
Source: BTM Consult “1999 Wind Energy World Market update”
nology.
After the oil crisis of 1973, energy
GOOD REASONS
state-supported programs encour-
FOR WIND ENERGY
aging the advance of wind energy.
With an installed output of 4.4 GW
suppliers started to take a closer
look at wind energy. However,
The world climate conferences, and
in 1999, Germany ranked as the
these initial approaches sank into
especially the 1992 conference
world’s primary user of wind
oblivion as energy prices fell. It
that concluded with the Kyoto Pro-
energy.
was only when the environmental
tocol, provided a further boost to
movement at the beginning of the
the growth of wind energy. The
Apart from climate protection
nineties gained momentum that
target set in Kyoto was to reduce
considerations, wind is often the
the wind energy boom finally
CO2 emissions by 5.3% over compa-
only available form of energy in
took off.
rable 1990 levels by the years 2008
some parts of the world. In devel-
to 2012. Wind energy, of course,
oping countries, small wind farms
plays an important role in achiev-
are an ideal, economical means of
ing this goal. Consequently, gov-
generating electricity for remote
ernments such as those of Den-
settlements and villages that can-
mark, Germany and Spain launched
not be connected to a public sup-
23
ply network. In addition, wind
GW in 1999. Today’s scenarios as-
nectors. The environment and con-
farms can be built much more
sume output will increase to 120
ditions in which wind farms oper-
quickly than large power stations.
GW by 2009.
ate demand the use of heavy-duty
This enables a more rapid response
industrial connectors, entailing
to growing energy needs in devel-
At present, this growth is only re-
virtually the complete range of
oping societies such as China.
stricted by the limited capacities
HARTING industrial connectors.
of wind farm manufacturers and
And, as in all other industrial sec-
These developments have led to a
their suppliers. Although space for
tors, there is a discernible trend
fundamental change in the indus-
land-based wind farms in Northern
towards decentralized intelligence
try mix of wind farm manufactur-
Europe is becoming scarcer as a
and modern bus systems.
ers. While the first small compa-
result of meteorological suitability
nies assembling windmills were
and societal acceptance, the grow-
OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
guided more by ecological ideals
ing market for offshore farms will
GENERATING COST SAVINGS
than strict business considera-
compensate for these factors.
tions, today’s manufacturers, of-
As already mentioned, there is cur-
ten associated with international
Technologies have progressed in
rently a strong tendency to shift
industrial groups, are posting sales
pace with the increased demand
the construction and operation of
figures in the billion DM region.
for wind energy. However, wind en-
wind farms to offshore locations
Wind energy has developed into a
ergy is currently still a very expen-
skirting the coast lines. Offshore
lucrative business of considerable
sive energy form. The aim is to re-
wind farms are much more expen-
proportions.
duce the costs for each generated
kWh from its current US$ 0.047 by
FROM PRIVATE INITIATIVE
an annual three percent. This will
TO INDUSTRIAL MARKET
require larger and more efficient
wind farms, innovative control de-
The structure has also changed
signs such at pitch control opti-
considerably on the operational
mized by setting the rotor blades
side. Whereas initially, single
according to wind conditions, and
smaller farms operated by individ-
greater optimization of the farms.
uals or private groups were built
The demand for greater economic
for ecological reasons, wind farms
efficiency, as well as the limited
have now emerged as a capital in-
capacities of wind farm manufac-
vestment promising solid returns.
turers, have promoted the forma-
Today’s wind farms generally con-
tion of industrial manufacturing
sist of large, professionally operat-
and maintenance methods and a
sive to build than land-based wind
ed wind farm complexes. Thus,
modular structure of the wind
farms due to the foundations re-
global wind energy output has in-
farms. Consequently, all electrical
quired. Despite this, offshore wind
creased from 3.5 GW in 1994 to 13.9
connections are made using con-
farms enable a further reduction
24
Fig. 2: Offshore wind farm Middelgrunden, Denmark
Photo: Mads Izmodenov Eskesen
in the cost of generating energy
continue to increase. Current pro-
commence operation in the years
thanks to better wind conditions.
totypes are capable of delivering
2000-2003.
Current projects plan to build the
2.5 MW, while wind farm facilities
first wind farms in the Baltic at a
delivering up to 4 MW are already
Technical innovations will pave the
distance of up to 40 km from the
in the planning stage.
way for the large-scale and cost efficient utilization of regenerative
shore at water depths between 10
and 15 meters. Water depths of up
energy forms such as wind energy.
OFF TO NEW HORIZONS
This in turn will enable industrial na-
to 40 m are regarded as feasible.
According to present assessments,
Various problems still need to be
tions to take a major step in meet-
the installation of a MW offshore
solved with regard to towers,
ing their environmental protection
wind output requires an invest-
generator construction and rotor
goals. One of these innovations is
ment volume of some DM 4 million
blades. Today’s industrial connec-
the modular construction of wind
(as opposed to a cost of approx. DM
tors already meet the require-
farms, harnessing connectors for
2 million for each land-based 1 MW
ments for electrical properties,
the electrical systems involved. In
wind output in 1998). The greater
robustness, corrosion resistance,
this way, HARTING industrial connec-
energy potential is a significant
air-tightness and system availa-
tors will be making a valuable con-
advantage. Also, there is less tur-
bility.
tribution in rapidly and efficiently
bulence around such wind farms,
achieving the environmental objec-
and therefore offshore wind farms
The demands and requirements in
tives set at climate protection con-
will offer a considerably longer
terms of connecting such wind
ferences worldwide.
service life than their land-based
farms to the electricity supply net-
counterparts. An increase in ser-
work will also continue to grow.
vice life from just 20 to 25 years
The planned power output of such
results in a nine percent cost re-
wind farms is between 40 and 750
duction. Danish wind farm opera-
MW. The technology for transfer-
tors are obviously assuming a
ring energy via ocean cables has
much longer operational life, since
been in place for a long time and is
even today they are demanding a
mature. Coastal regions, however,
50-year service life for founda-
often lack the network infrastruc-
tions and towers. Consequently,
ture required to transport the en-
costs of US$ 0.01 per kWh are per-
ergy to consumers.
Dipl.-Ing. MBM Andreas Naß,
ceived as realistic for the offshore
area in the near future.
Manager Engineering & Projects,
Today, many offshore wind farms in
Industrial Division Han,
the North and Baltic Seas are in
HARTING Espelkamp
In terms of technologies, the trend
the planning or approval stage.
towards offshore wind farms
Denmark alone plans 4000 MW of
Contact:
means that the electrical power
wind energy output by 2027. The
[email protected]
delivered by individual systems will
first offshore wind farms are to
25
tec.
S p e c i a l
INTER-DISCIPLINE
t o p i c
W
e have long since entered
the age of microsystem
technology. Networks of competence are being created or
expanded, research visions are
Dr. Carsten Marheine
being implemented and specialists are racing from one conference to the next. Germany
is going Micro, and HARTING
is leading the way. In 1998,
HARTING established HARTING
EOB as their competence center for electro-optical technology.
This center has developed a wide
range of leading-edge micro components. The product family includes both active and passive
components. The center’s transceivers convert electrical signals
into light, which is coupled into
glass or plastic optical fiber cables.
Couplers for distributing optical
signals in distributed communications networks are typical examples of the center’s passive components.
26
In synch with the increasing minia-
positioning is crucial for the so-
turization of microelectronic com-
called Power Budget; alignment er-
ponents, innovative technologies
rors would cause attenuation, re-
Based on MID design principles,
are emerging for printed circuit
ducing the overall system’s perfor-
HARTING EOB has developed a PCB
boards. One of them is called MID
mance. Glass optical fibers (GOF)
structuring technology which re-
PASSIVE ALIGNMENT
technology (for Molded Intercon-
are much thinner than plastic opti-
sponds to the requirements of
nect Devices). MID allows designers
cal fibers (POF) and must therefore
electro optics. Extremely high lev-
to place traces on e.g. plastic hous-
be aligned to a far higher degree
els of precision can be achieved,
ings, thereby achieving consider-
of precision.
while structure widths can be cut
able size and cost advantages over
conventional, flat designs. Structures less than 100 µm in width
can be created. HARTING is participating in the German research
group 3D-MID e.V., that is driving
photo
detector
trench
LED
trench
and promoting the development
and application of MID technology.
amplifier trench
PRECISION
Fig. 2: MicroMID™ with trenches for semiconductor components
Designing electro-optical microsystems requires utmost precision
in component positioning and
Glass optical fibers are called for
down to virtually any desired val-
trace bonding. Also, optical fibers
when high data transfer rates and
ue. Correspondingly, this technolo-
and wave guides must be exactly
long communication paths are de-
gy goes by the name of MicroMID™.
aligned to the optical transmission
manded. WANs draw on so-called
and reception elements. Precise
single-mode fibers with a fiber
The objective of MicroMID™ tech-
core diameter of only 9 µm. The in-
nology is to align micro optical
stallation tolerance for these
components to one another, in all
fibers is less than 1 µm. To achieve
directions if possible. The parts
such a high degree of precision, a
are aligned passively, i.e. without
special positioning unit moves the
iterative positioning steps. This
fiber in all three dimensions, while
technology utilizes the fact that
the optical input power is mea-
both the base plate, with traces
sured. The fiber’s position is final-
for the electronic components,
ized when the optical power cou-
and the “lid” with the fiber guides
pled into it reaches its maximum
stem from the same ultra precise
value.
master structure.
Fig. 1: Circuit board in 3D-MID technology
(ALPS Electric Co.)
27
optical fiber
[plastic or glass]
top plate (“lid”)
with fiber guides
MicroMID™ base plate
[electronics]
Ethernet protocol and the MOST
protocol commonly used in automotive engineering. Given its compact design, this chip can be integrated into various housings. Currently, the housing for the popular
RJ 45 plug has been opted for. It
was chosen to make the transceiv-
bonded semiconductor
er available to customers for testing purposes. With a footprint of
Fig. 3: Alignment situation
The three-dimensional structure of
SOLUTIONS
this PCB makes it possible to integrate mirrors and structures for
MicroMID™ transceivers equipped
flip chip components. Also, compo-
with either plastic fibers or HCS
nents can be placed for equal bond
glass fibers (Hard Clad Silica) are
heights or equal bond height dif-
currently being designed. These
ference. In view of these advan-
transceivers permit data transfer
tages, applications in sensor tech-
rates of 100 Mbits/second and are
nology and micro fluidics are now
therefore ideally suited for various
only 5 x 10 mm, this element can
undergoing testing, in addition to
network systems. These devices
be easily accommodated in other
electro optics.
are currently being tested with the
housings as well.
28
MicroMID™
Fig. 4: MicroMID™ transceiver
in RJ 45 housing
Transceivers for coupling 50-µm
project hails by the acronym SOIS,
and 62.5-µm fibers are currently
for Smart Optical Interconnect
among the latest developments.
Solution.
Two-dimensional passive alignment
of the fibers facilitates installation
Experts are convinced that the fu-
to a considerable degree, while re-
ture belongs to optical systems.
ducing costs at the same time. The
MicroMID technology by HARTING
development of a MicroMID based
EOB is already making some very
backplane solution for the tele-
distinct and specific contributions.
communications industry is also
Major telecommunications and au-
moving ahead. This is a system for
tomobile manufacturers have
optical high-speed data transfer
shown the liveliest interest in this
which does not require modifica-
manufacturing and installation
tions to the backplane itself. This
technology to date and initial applications have been designed and
tested in collaboration with a number of leading corporations.
MicroMID™
Does this innovative technology
Dr. Carsten Marheine,
sound exciting? We look forward to
Project Manager Electro-optical
meeting you at the EOB stand D 38,
Components, HARTING EOB
in the microsystems technology
Fig. 5: Smart Optical Interconnect
Fig. 5: Solution (SOIS)
Hall (no. 7) at the HMI Hanover
Contact:
Fair 2001.
[email protected]
29
30
tec.
S p e c i a l
INNOVATION
t o p i c
The electric unicycle or
Riding an inverted pendulum
Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Klaus Hofer
U
nicycles have been known
entirely rule out combustion en-
for many decades, but due
gines. Such high demands for sta-
to their difficult handling they
bility and dynamic performance
have never become a popular
can only by satisfied with electrical
means of transport. These one-
drives.
wheeled vehicles are in principle unstable, in both longitudi-
THE PRINCIPLES
nal and transverse directions.
Even if the problem of trans-
Fig. 1 (see p. 32) illustrates the
verse stability is avoided
general principles of an electrical
through the use of a relatively
unicycle. It consists of a fork-
wide wheel, the rider has to
shaped frame (A), a wheel (B) on
pivoting bearings, and a variable
create the longitudinal
stability in the direc-
speed electrical drive (C) which in-
tion of travel through
cludes fixed gearing and a synchro-
continuous compensa-
nous belt transmission (D). A single
tion. This is difficult,
sided wheel bearing would allow
and takes a lot of
the fork frame to be reduced to a
practice.
single prong, so reducing the materials required for such a means
of transport to a minimum. The
power electronics and its controller (E) drive the electric motor
forwards and backwards in such a
The deli-
way that the centre of gravity of
cate balance
the vehicle and its rider is always
gives the movements
vertically above the wheel axis. A
of unicycles a stiff and
sensor (F) for the angle of tilt is
jerky quality. Automatic
provided for this purpose. It de-
stabilisation, however, re-
termines the deviation of the cen-
quires the unicycle to be fitted with
tre of gravity from the vertical,
a highly dynamic four-quadrant dri-
and feeds it as the actual position
ve. The short reaction times re-
to the centre of gravity or tilt con-
quired, in the range of milliseconds,
troller. When stationary, the unicy-
31
cle stands upright on the spot by
the rider’s centre of gravity to the
er, only be implemented with the
means of very small alternating
right or the left makes it possible
aid of digital technology. In order
control movements.
for the wheel axle to turn from the
to achieve acceptable sampling
current direction of travel. The
times, special fuzzy processors are
mechanical components can be re-
on the market, as are software
duced in the unicycle by fitting the
packages suitable for rapid
electric motor and the power elec-
controller design.
tronics inside the wheel. The absence of a gearbox and synchro-
Figure 2 illustrates the design
nous belt transmission allow such
principle of a fuzzy controller for
direct drives both a considerable
the stabilisation of a unicycle.
saving in weight and an improved
According to this, the fuzzy con-
position for the centre of gravity.
troller operates in three stages. In
the first step, so-called fuzzification, the measured (sharp) input
FUZZY CONTROL
Fig. 1: Front view of a unicycle
variables are converted to the corresponding fuzzy truth values, (µν,
A precise mathematical descrip-
µ∆ν) of the linguistic variables.
A secure support for the user is
tion of the unicycle as an inverse
Once the measurements are avail-
provided by treads (I) mounted on
pendulum is very difficult, since, in
able as fuzzy quantities (fuzzy
the right and left underneath the
addition to a large number of non-
sets), a second step, in which the
axle. A stay bar can be mounted at
linearities, unknown and variables
control rules can be processed and
the central connecting point (G).
such as friction and total mass
evaluated (interference), can
This improves the rider’s comfort
occur. In the absence of transfer
start. The sum total of the pro-
and can, at the same time, hold the
functions and symmetry matrices,
grammed rules is known as the
batteries that are required for en-
the classical methods of control
fuzzy controller’s rule base, since
ergy storage. It is of course possi-
engineering can be ruled out for
it contains all of the expert knowl-
ble to mount a simple seat, a roof
the stabilisation of a unicycle. In
edge about the process to be con-
or a plastic cover to provide pro-
such cases, fuzzy control, also
trolled. It is, of course, only
tection from the weather on this
known as fuzzy logic or fuzzy set
through an intelligent structuring
stay bar.
theory, can be applied to advan-
process that the rule base can be
tage. Another advantage of fuzzy
made to provide a satisfactory
Modest steerability is provided to
control is that there is no difficul-
control dynamic over the whole of
the unicycle by phasing the outer
ty including several process para-
the relevant range. Conflicting
edges of the wheel. The steerabili-
meters in the strategy, and that
rules, in particular, can soon lead
ty can be improved through the
the controller can be rapidly de-
to instability in the fuzzy con-
use of a rubber suspension to
signed without requiring a high
troller. The fuzzy truth values of
mount the wheel axle in the fork
level of previous knowledge. The
the output variable (µM) created in
frame. In the same way as with
extensive computation required
the interference block are not yet
roller skates, a displacement of
for a fuzzy controller can, howev-
capable of driving the torque con-
32
rule base
[experts’ knowledge]
µν, [µ∆ν]
µM
interference
fuzzification
de-fuzzification
ν, [∆ν]
Mset
torque
electric
unicycle
angle of
tilt
Fig. 2: Fuzzy control for a unicycle
troller. It is first necessary in a
adequate result can be expected
troller in comparison with a con-
third step to translate the fuzzy
from feeding only the angle of tilt
ventional PI controller is that it
information about the desired ma-
(ν) as actual value to the con-
can handle one or more linguistic
nipulated variable back (defuzzifi-
troller. Otherwise, the rate of
control rules expressed in the
cation) into a sharp numerical val-
change of the angle of tilt (∆ν)
standardised IF-THEN form (see
ue for the present setpoint value
must also be fuzzified. In order to
Fig. 3). The MAX-MIN interference
of the torque (Mset).
obtain the required motor torque
applied here for the fuzzified truth
(Mset) from the fuzzified input
values (µν) of the angle of tilt
TO FUZZY AND BACK AGAIN
variables, rules obtained through
yields the bounded membership
real-world experience of the
function of the output variable (the
It is only when the mass of the in-
process to be controlled are need-
torque) for a tilt of one angular de-
verted pendulum is large that an
ed. The advantage of a fuzzy con-
gree in the direction of travel.
33
leaning
backwards
µν
1,0
This is done by calculating the ab-
leaning
forward
µM
1,0
pull
push
scissa (index x) of the area centre
of gravity, either exactly using the
0,75
0,5
0,75
0,5
integrals, or approximately using
0,25
0,25
trollers from the sums:
0°
+2°
measured value
–2°
algorithms suited for microcon-
–MN
0
+MN
M
a) IF unicycle is leaning forward, THEN push
leaning
µν
leaning
backwards
forward
µM
pull
Here, K is the running index, n is
push
the number of selected reference
1,0
1,0
points and µ is the truth value of
0,5
0,5
the bounded membership func-
0,25
0,25
tions. With eight reference points
(K = 1 … 8) the position of the cen-
–2°
0°
+2°
measured value
–MN
0
+MN
M
tre of gravity is calculated approximately as:
b) IF unicycle is leaning backwards, THEN pull
Fig. 3: Fuzzification of the state variables
µM
1,0
pull
push
0,75
0,5
0,25
–MN
+MN
0°
K
M
Through superposition we finally
When the shift in the co-ordinate
obtain the fuzzified setpoint value,
origin along the moment axis is
as shown in Fig. 4, for the torque
considered, the current setpoint
currently required to stabilise the
value of the torque is given by the
unicycle. If the lower-level torque
expression:
control loop is to receive an unambiguous manipulated variable, de-
Mset
fuzzification must be carried out
Fig. 4: De-fuzzification of the torque
34
with the aid of the centre of gravi-
This value of 33 percent of the rat-
ty technique.
ed torque, passed to the electrical
drive of the unicycle, results in an
the stay bar to ceiling height and
acceleration in the forwards direc-
mounting a current collector at
Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Klaus
tion, and thus to a reduction in the
the end of the bar, the batteries
Hofer (VDE, IEEE) teaches modern
positive angle of tilt, so that the
can be omitted, and one-wheeled
power electronics and drives at
fuzzy controller will calculate a
dodgems will provide a new kind of
Bielefeld College of Applied Sci-
new (smaller) value on the next
motorised amusement. The use of a
ences (Fachhochschule). He also
pass. In order for the controller
trailing cable over short stretches
lectures on intelligent drives for
to make use of the full range of
might also be considered.
robots at Bielefeld University.
torques, the centres of gravity of
Dr. Hofer is the author of seven
the outer fuzzy sets must lie over
The transport of goods, materials
specialist books, many essays in
the maximum (+MN) and minimum
and other objects on a single wheel
international conference reports
(-MN) control values. A modified
was formerly quite impossible, as
and is the inventor of the Binary
calculation of the centre of gravity
these items were not themselves
Observers and LineCars.
using the mapping rule:
capable of balancing the unicycle.
With the automatic stabilisation of
Contact:
the centre of gravity, entirely new
[email protected]
applications are opened for the
unicycle in all branches of industrial automation technology and in
can then exploit the entire range
daily life, such as, for example, the
of values, allowing the electrical
unusual presentation of a special
drive to pass through the full
product on one moveable leg.
range of its power.
Loosely coupling two unicycles with
a cross-bar also allows stable sin-
AN INNOVATIVE MEANS OF
gle-axle vehicles to be implement-
TRANSPORT FOR GOODS AND
ed for the first time ever.
PERSONS
Applications for this patented
transport method are mainly in
The author would like to thank all
the leisure and amusement sec-
the apprentices and employees of
tors. Its small dimensions mean
HARTING KGaA in Espelkamp and of
that the electric unicycle can be
the Bielefeld College of Applied
taken almost anywhere and used to
Sciences for their friendly support
advantage in halls, large buildings
in the implementation of this re-
and other areas. By lengthening
search project
35
tec.
P a n o r a m a
INDUSTRIAL QUICK
plishes all this in a single step, so
achieved without incurring any in-
CONNECTION TECHNOLOGY
that, as with all HARAX compo-
crease in investment costs for op-
nents, assembly of the connectors
erators. The HARTING Han Drive
Whether the job is a new installa-
is significantly simplified without
makes a small, but notable contri-
tion, servicing, or a modification
the need for any special tools.
bution in this context. Its angled
or extension job – in industrial en-
motor connection box replaces the
vironments, every saving in time is
screw terminal cabinet. Using the
also a cost saving. The termination
Han ESS, the star or triangle
system for the connectors used
bridges can be easily inserted into
represents a significant time fac-
the mating connector. Therefore,
tor in electrical installation engi-
motors fitted this way can be re-
neering.
HARAX®,
the axial quick
The parts of the Han 3A with HARAX
placed particularly quickly, as in
connection technology from
HARTING, combines the advantages
of plug-in connectors with those of
screw-type cable glands. Along
with crimping, screw terminals and
cage clamp terminals, this quickconnection technology represents
a further alternative for contact-
The Han 3A assembled with HARAX
ing connectors, and has already
been proven in practice in a large
number of products.
HAN® DRIVE FOR CRANES
Thanks to this technology the
In the past, crane systems (such as
Han® 3A connector, a classic in
tower slewing, vehicle or container
traditional machine construction,
cranes) were usually designed indi-
the event of malfunctioning, for
can now be included in the family
vidually. Today’s cranes, by con-
example. Considering the costs in-
of components offering a fast ter-
trast, are commonly based on a
curred when a crane system e.g. at
mination system. Its further devel-
modular design concept. Simplified
a building site stands idle, the ben-
opment has led to a new type of
and accelerated assembly proce-
efits of this solution are readily
connector. It is now no longer nec-
dures have also led to innovations
apparent.
essary to connect the contact car-
with regard to the equipping of
rier to the cable outside the con-
the machines with electrical mo-
nector housing, fix the contact
tors.
Han Drive with geared motors of a crane system
(Fig. INDUSTRIAS ELECTROMECANICAS GH, S. A.)
We would like to thank all the com-
carrier in the plug housing and
panies and institutions who provid-
seal the cable by means of an ap-
In the meantime, significant sav-
propriate screwed gland. The
ings in installation, energy and
ed us with photos for this issue of
HARAX termination system accom-
maintenance costs have been
tec.News.
36
SUN MICRO – POWER SUPPLY
of this connector consists of a spe-
there are special connectors for
CONNECTORS WITH DEFINED
cial version of the Han 6 HsB insert
potentially explosive environ-
GROUND CONNECTION
(35 A/500 V), with a separate, pre-
ments, they are still extremely ex-
mating PE power contact. Any con-
pensive. Consequently, more cost
SUN Microsystems Inc. is the
nector satisfying the national
efficient alternatives are called
world’s leading company supplying
standards can be used on the sup-
for.
powerful, open, networked com-
ply side. In order to ensure that it
puter systems. With its claim that
remains safe to touch even in the
Surprisingly, certain standard in-
“The Network is the Computer”,
presence of a ground fault in the
dustrial connectors are a viable al-
the company, founded in 1982, has
hood and disconnected server, an
ternative. In this case, however,
become the most successful manu-
internal insulation cover was de-
there are several factors which
facturer of UNIX workstations and
veloped. This offers a considerable
must be taken into account. The
servers. An example of the power
simplification in comparison with
safety level of the zone is one
of these servers is provided by the
conventional resin-potted hoods.
important factor. Among other
SUN Enterprise series, with its bi-
things, it provides information on
nary-compatible 64-bit computers
certifications which might be re-
that can be scaled from a work-
quired and on possible levels of
Server
to a computing centre server with
up to 64 CPUs.
Conventional
Connector
Han 6 HsB
protection. The latter are also sigEnergy Net
group or departmental server up
nificant. A request for “connectors
for zone 2” is in so far incomplete,
Energy
Rack
as it does not specify the fire protection class required by EN 50014
to EN 50021 safety standards.
Example: Han U could be used in
zone 2 for fire protection class “i”
EN 50020 (fail-safe) .
CONNECTORS IN
POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE
In principle, engineers can always
ENVIRONMENTS
apply for a permit from the rele-
Fig.: SUN Microsystems
Potentially explosive environ-
vant authority (PTB Braunschweig,
ments, such as in mining or the
for example) for a specific applica-
Computing power this massive re-
chemical industry, make special
tion. German authorities have al-
quires a redundant power supply
demands on all types of electrical
ready approved the use of the Han
rack with a flexible connection sys-
installations. In many cases, the
HPR housing for zone 2 and fire
tem, matching the high quality
use of connectors would represent
protection class “n” EN 50021
standard of the other system com-
a cost efficient solution. Engi-
(restricted breathing).
ponents. SUN wanted a special ca-
neers, however, often opt for fixed
ble for connecting the servers to
wiring as they are not familiar with
the power supply. The device side
suitable connectors. Although
37
tec.
P a n o r a m a
PROFESSIONAL
related costs. In addition to this,
DIN VDE 0580 ON THE WAY
POWER SUPPLIES
they can be exchanged, or the sys-
TO BECOMING A EUROPEAN
tem can be extended, even while
STANDARD
When we pick up the phone, we ex-
they are in operation, a facility
pect it to work. It’s not often that
known as hot-plugging.
we reflect on the fact that this re-
DIN VDE 0580 represents a fundamental standard for all German
quires one hundred percent avail-
One of the reasons why this kind of
manufacturers of electromagnetic
ability of the system’s power sup-
performance could be achieved is
products (with the exception of
ply. One very successful supplier in
that HARTING have developed a
electric motors). A new edition of
this sector is the POWEC group,
connector specially designed for
this standard, taking the latest
whose power supply systems are
power supplies. It combines the
technical developments into ac-
built using a redundant modular
properties of two connector types
count, has applied since July 2000.
system. If one module unexpected-
to create a unique performance
Under the extended title of “Elec-
ly fails, the nearest available mod-
profile. Up to five high-current
tromagnetic Devices and Compo-
ule automatically takes over provi-
contacts can bring up to 40 A onto
nents”, topics such as EMC, CE
sion of the supply. The modularity
a circuit board with low loss. The
marking and miniaturisation along
permits an enormous number of
extra length of the ground contact
with the inclusion of other product
customer-specific system configu-
(which leads by 1.7 mm) in the cen-
groups have been the subject mat-
rations to be implemented whilst
tral position on the high-current
ter of the revision.
offering very short delivery times.
block makes it possible to use two
voltage levels. The special design
of the male and female connectors
provides electric shock protection
in accordance with IEC 60 950, and
offers an extended capture range.
An ingenious and easily fitted coding system ensures that the right
combination of connectors is always inserted.
The new edition of the standard is
Fig.: POWEC
the result of the work of DKE (German Electrical Engineering Com-
The new power supply modules (see
mission) Committee 322, in which
figure), with their compact design
HARTING, since February 1999, is
and high power density of up to
occupying the chairman’s seat.
333 Watt/dm³, occupy very little
Since no other European country
space, helping to limit the area-
has a corresponding national stan-
38
dard for electromagnetic devices,
chanical parts of the device can be
the German standard has been
fabricated separately. In addition
proposed as the basis for a corre-
to applications in this kind of de-
sponding harmonised European
vice, PCB adapters are also inter-
standard. The simultaneous stan-
esting for applications in which
dardisation of test conditions for
printed circuits are used to dis-
specified performance parameters
tribute power or control signals,
will improve product comparability
such as inside control cabinets.
and help to eliminate distortion of
individual parts and shortened
competition.
manual assembly time.
The modular structure of PCB
PCB ADAPTERS – CONNECTING
adapters for connectors from the
THE ELECTRONICS WITH THE
Han DD or Han E series, or for the
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT
Han axial screw module, permit
easy stacking. This makes numer-
Classic industrial connectors char-
ous varieties of connector configu-
acteristically have a robust design,
ration for different rated voltages
and, with enclosure protection to
and currents possible.
IP 65 and higher, they are particu-
ANGLE ENCODER NOW WITH
larly suited for use in difficult in-
Within the Han E series of connec-
OPTICAL FIBER DATA LINK
dustrial environments. The majori-
tors, the Han Q 5/0 combines com-
FOR DESINA
ty of these connectors have been
pact dimensions with the electrical
designed for direct cable-to-cable
properties of the Han E family. The
DESINA, the “Decentralised and
connections. PCB adapters provide
small external dimensions mean
Standardised Installation Tech-
the bridge from the world of semi-
that special adapters are not
nique” for machine tools and pro-
conductors, circuit boards and ful-
required. Instead, the connector
duction systems, was defined by the
ly automated production to the
contacts, including the ground
VDW (Association of German Ma-
tough environment of industry.
terminal, are designed with ap-
chine Tool Factories). Important
They make it possible to connect
propriate solder pins for mount-
features include easy, economical
various designs of industrial con-
ing on the PCB.
installation and the modularisation
of all functions with standardised
nector to modern automation devices, without having to take the
A common feature of the various
interfaces. Within the framework of
awkward and expensive detour
PCB adapters is that they combine
this approach, TWK-Elektronik, the
through flexible cable pigtails that
small dimensions with an addition-
German manufacturer based in Düs-
usually require manual prepara-
al slot. This takes the mechanical
seldorf, has now fitted a Han-Brid®
tion. In addition to the saving in
strain generated by insertion and
connector to the Multitour angle
space, the user enjoys the benefits
withdrawal of the connector itself
encoder from its CRD/W series
of simpler device design, simplified
away from the soldered joints. This
having a PROFIBUS-DP interface. A
manufacture, reduced numbers of
means that the electronic and me-
hybrid field bus cable provides the
39
tec.
P a n o r a m a
connection to an ET 200x module
and then to the S7 controller. The
cable has a pair of copper conductors for the supply of power and
two fiber-optic cables for data
transmission over distances of
up to 300 metres.
BOTTA BUILDING IN MINDEN
IS PROGRESSING RAPIDLY
Fig.: TWK-Elektronik
There is every expectation that
barracks, built in 1888. Two towers,
the opening of the new HARTING
about 17 metres high and square in
The connector is designed to pro-
building in Minden will be celebrat-
plan, echo the height of the bar-
vide protection class IP 67. The
ed in September, 2001. The inter-
racks’ eaves. Between them is a
leads are connected via crimped
nationally famous architect from
flat and shallow cross-beam, sup-
contacts. This method of connec-
Lugano, Mario Botta, presented
ported by two round columns,
tion is of particular importance,
the fundamental ideas behind his
while the main body of the building
since the copper/optical fiber in-
design to the public at the laying
is located behind them, its basic
terfaces can be implemented sim-
of the foundation stone.
form being that of a transected
ply at the angle encoder, so that
ellipse.
transmission of the angle en-
Mario Botta, known internationally
coder’s position data is ensured
for the clear lines and the strong
With this construction HARTING
with no risk of electromagnetic
emphasis on basic shapes of his de-
are therefore, quite naturally, an-
interference.
signs, such as the Cymbalista Syna-
swering the challenge of harness-
gogue in Tel Aviv or the Tinguely
ing their building project to pro-
The devices in the CRD/W series
Museum in Basle, made a powerful
mote good urban architecture for
are designed in accordance with DP
presentation of the reasons why he
the public benefit. They have not
slave class 2, and can be config-
advised a building of about 1,500
let themselves be tempted merely
ured via the Profibus. The total
square metres floor area with a
to strive for optimum satisfaction
resolution is 25 bits for 4096 rota-
striking vertical component. The
of their own requirements on this
tions. It can be fitted with cable
choice of materials, the structur-
site, but have attempted to imple-
pulls or linear guides for the acqui-
ing and the verticality of the de-
ment high-quality architecture –
sition of lengths and displace-
sign are oriented around the his-
appropriate to the location and to
ments.
torically significant neighbouring
the urban context.
40
EMO HANNOVER 2001:
ket, as can be gleaned from the
werderstrasse in Espelkamp was
MACHINE TOOLS
EMO Hannover 2001 home page.
given on 14th October, 2000.
In the presence of former BDI (Fed-
PREDOMINATE AT THE
Machine tools are of great signifi-
eration of German Industries) pres-
cance for the future of an indus-
ident Dr. h. c. Hans-Olaf Henkel,
Traditionally, the machine tool as
trialised country. They are of par-
Margrit Harting and Dietmar Har-
the “mother of all machines” has
ticular importance in constructing
ting together handed the key for
been presented to a professional
parts and machines with which all
Factory 4a to the director of the
audience at its own trade fairs. In
kinds of capital and consumer
Automotive Division, Ottfried
Germany this has taken place regu-
goods can be produced. This means
Follert. “A dream has come true”,
larly since 1920 at the Verein Deut-
that if innovative engineers and
said Dietmar Harting. He explained
scher Werkzeugmaschinenfabriken
qualified skilled workers can
that against the backdrop of more
e. V. trade fair, which was the ori-
launch faster, better and more in-
than 55 years of company history,
gin of all trade fairs. The EMO (Ex-
telligent machine tools onto the
the opening of Factory 4a is a sig-
position mondiale de la Machine-
market, in the end many other in-
nificant day for the technology
Outil) is the world’s leading trade
dustrial sectors share in the bene-
group.
fair for metal machining.
fits. Consequently, innovations in
TRADE FAIR
machine tool manufacturing have a
90 % of all international products
far-reaching impact. This industry
for manufacturing and automation
sector thus provides decisive incen-
are presented here. It has an exhi-
tives for increasing the efficiency
bition capacity unrivalled any-
and quality of production and for
where else either qualitatively
international competitiveness.
or quantitatively.
EMO is staged by the European
Worldwide production of machine
committee for co-operation in the
tools reached a record peak in
machine tool industry (CECIMO)
1989 at DM 80 billion. A steady
every two years, with locations
downward trend was then followed
alternating between Paris, Milan
by a restrained upswing. Between
and Hanover. We would like to in-
1995 and 1999 world production
vite you to visit us at our stand at
rose by 23 % to DM 64.9 billion,
this year's EMO in Hanover.
DESIGNCON 2001
Between January 29 and February 1,
2001 HARTING was present at Design-
while last year the USA and Japan,
Con 2001 in Santa Clara, California.
in particular, put a constraint on
growth with their significant nega-
AUTOMOTIVE OFF WITH A
DesignCon has established itself
tive growth rates. For the current
GOOD START
as one of the leading conference
events worldwide in the area of elec-
year, a slight rise in world production can be expected thanks to the
The starting signal for work to be-
tronic design engineering. The event
considerable dynamism in Europe
gin in the new HARTING Automotive
also includes a congress. In the
and the recovery of the Asian mar-
GmbH & Co. KG premises in Marien-
course of a three hour tech-forum
41
tec.
P a n o r a m a
and a one hour presentation to spe-
tional copper-based electro-mechan-
cialists, HARTING made quite an im-
HARTING FAIR ATTENDANCES
2001
pact. As an event platform, the
Asia:
telligently combined with the advan-
HARTING tech-forum attracted some
22.-26.05. Singapore,
Manufacturing Asia 2001
tages of optical transmission tech-
26.-31.05. Taichuag,
Automation Control 2001
know-how in the fields of electronic
30.5.-2.6. Tokyo,
FA & component fair
technology was aptly documented by
120 attendees who were captivated
by the exciting and sophisticated
computer animations presented.
Based on the animations HARTING’s
experts provided detailed informa-
June
tion on the topics of the design-in of
Beijing, CICE
electromechanical components in
9.-12.06. Kuala Lumpur,
Elenex 2001
systems as well as high-speed data
August
Shanghai, Elenex 2001
Sept.
Taipei,
Taipei Telecom 2001
processing and data transmission.
Drawing on numerous illustrations,
ical connector technology can be in-
nologies. HARTING’s interdisciplinary
connectors and optical micro-system
a host of resulting synergy effects
and made a lasting impression on the
audience – clearly evident by the
lively discussons ensuing and the
many detailed questions raised
after the presentation.
November Shanghai, EP 2001
pictures and computer simulations,
the HARTING professionals presented
America:
some in-depth insights into the theo-
May
ries and practice of information
THANK YOU TO OUR GUEST
São Paulo, Fiee
CONTRIBUTORS
transmission. For technology orient-
05.-08.05. Chicago, National
Manufacturing Week
One of the most important objectives
ed specialists, the absolute highlight
15.-16.05. Las Vegas, EDS 2001
of tec.News is to communicate stand-
were the signal forms through con-
22.-24.05. Greenville, AMEXPO
points and opinions so as to foster
nectors and printed circuit boards
05.-07.06. Chicago, Int’l Robots &
Vision Show
the dialogue between different spe-
12.-14.06. Orange, CA,
County Electronics 2001
particulary interested in hearing
generated by computer simulation.
The video clearly illustrated the effects that electrical discontinuities,
16.-18.10. San José, Wescon 2001
as at through-hole connections for
cialized areas and disciplines. We are
opinions from outside the company.
We would like to thank all the contributors to previous editions who
example, exert with regard to precise and disturbance-free signal
Europe:
responded to our invitation to sub-
transmission. Therefore it was not
23.-28.04. Hanover, HMI
mit an article and have thus con-
surprising that the CD-ROM – that
24.-26.04. Moscow, Expo Electronica
tributed to the success of tec.News.
was specially produced for the De-
May
signCon event and contained the entire presentation – met with strong
15.-18.05. St. Petersburg,
Energetika
demand.
23.-27.05. Milan, INTEL
Katowice, ELTARG 2001
Josef Brauner, Director of Marketing and Service, Deutsche Telekom
25.-29.06. Moscow, Electro
Dr. Lothar Späth, Chairman of the
In an additional one-hour presenta-
04.-06.09. Oslo, E01
Board of Directors, Jenoptik AG
tion HARTING staff described the
12.-19.09. Hanover, EMO
brand new hybrid electro-optical
October
connection concept SOIS (Smart Op-
06.-09.11. Munich, Productronica
of Bundesverband der Deutschen In-
tical Interconnect Solution). SOIS
Jan. 2002 Stockholm/Gothenburg,
Component
dustrie (Federation of German
shows how the advantages of conven-
42
Utrecht, Elektrotechniek
Hans-Olaf Henkel, former President
Industries)
Publication details
Published by: HARTING KGaA, M. Harting, P.O. Box 11 33, D-32325 Espelkamp, Tel. +49 (0)5772 47-0, Fax: +49 (0)5772 47 - 400, Internet: http://www.HARTING.com · Editor:
Dr. H. Peuler · Overall coordination: Publication and Communication Department, B. F. Haberbosch · Idea, conception and editing: Bickmann & Collegen Unternehmensberatung, M. H. Koulen, Hamburg · Layout: Contrapunkt, Tutzing · Title composing: E. Reiss · Production and printing: Druckerei Meyer GmbH, Osnabrück · Circulation:
28,000 copies worldwide (German and English) · Source: If you are interested in obtaining this newsletter on a regular basis, free of charge, contact your nearest HARTING
branch, your HARTING sales partner or one of the local HARTING distributors. You can also order tec.News online at http://www.HARTING.com. · Reprints: Complete reprints
and excerpts of contributions are subject to approval in writing by the Editor. This also applies to input into electronic databases and reproduction on electronic media (e. g.
CD-ROM and Internet). · All product designations used are trademarks or product names belonging to HARTING KGaA or other companies. · Despite careful editing it is not
possible to completely rule out printing errors or changes to product specifications at short notice. For this reason HARTING KGaA is only bound by the details in the appropriate catalogue. Printed by an environmentally friendly method on paper bleached entirely without chlorine and with a high proportion of recycled paper.
© 2001 by HARTING KGaA, Espelkamp. All rights reserved.
43
Austria
HARTING Ges. m. b. H.
Deutschstraße 3, A-1230 Wien
Tel. +43 1 / 6 16 21 21, Fax +43 1 / 6 16 21 21-21
E-Mail: [email protected]
Japan
HARTING K. K.
4th floor, German Industry & Trade Center 407
1-18-2, Hakusan 1-Chome, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-0006 Japan
Tel. +81 45 / 9 31 57 15, Fax +81 45 / 9 31 57 19
Belgium
HARTING N.V. / S.A.
Doornveld 8, B-1731 Zellik
Tel. +32 2 / 4 66 01 90, Fax +32 2 / 4 66 78 55
Korea
HARTING Korea Limited
14/F FKI Building, 28-1 Yoido-dong, Youngdungpo-gu, Seoul 150-756, Korea
Tel. +82 2 - 7 84 - 46 14, 7 84 - 46 15, Fax +82 2 - 37 76 - 00 70
Brazil
HARTING Ltd. a.
Av. Dr. Lino de Moraes Leme, 255, 04360-001 – São Paulo – Brazil
Tel. +55 11 / 50 34 - 00 73, Fax +55 11 / 50 34 - 47 43
Netherlands
HARTING B.V.
Larenweg 44, NL-5234 KA's-Hertogenbosch
Postbus 3526, NL-5203 DM's-Hertogenbosch
Tel. +31 73 / 6 41 04 04, Fax +31 73 / 6 44 06 99
China
HARTING (HK) Limited, Shanghai Representative
Office, 2302 Hong Kong Plaza South Tower, 283 Huai Hai Road (M)
Shanghai 200021, China
Tel. +86 21 - 63 90 - 69 35, 63 90 - 69 36, Fax +86 21 - 63 90 - 63 99
Norway
HARTING A/S
Østensjøveien 36, N-0667 Oslo
Tel. +47 22 / 70 05 55, Fax +47 22 / 70 05 70
Czech Republic
HARTING spol. s.r.o.
Jankovcova 2, 17088 Praha 7 – Hole`śovice
Tel. +4 20 / 2 66 78 41 53, Fax +4 20 / 2 66 78 41 59
Russia
HARTING ZAO
ul. Tobolskaja 12, Saint Petersburg, 194044 Russia
Tel. +7 / 8 12 / 3 27 64 77, Fax +7 / 8 12 / 3 27 64 78
Singapore
HARTING Singapore Pte Ltd.
No. 1 Coleman Street, #B1-21 The Adelphi, Singapore 179803
Tel. +65 2 25 52 85, Fax +65 2 25 99 47
Finland
HARTING OY
Robert Huberin tie 2, FIN-01510 Vantaa
Tel. +358 9 350 87 300, Fax +358 9 350 87 320
Spain
HARTING Elektronik S.A.
Josep Tarradellas 20-30 4o6a, E-08029 Barcelona
Tel. +34 93 / 3 63 84 84, Fax +34 93 / 4 19 95 85
France
HARTING France
ZAC Paris Nord II, B.P. 60058, 181, av. des Nations,
F-95972 Roissy Charles de Gaulle Cédex
Tel. +33 1 49 38 34 00, Fax +33 1 48 63 23 06
Germany
HARTING Vertrieb für Steckverbinder und Systemtechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Postfach 2451, D-32381 Minden
Tel. +49 5 71 / 88 96 - 0, Fax +49 5 71 / 88 96 - 2 82
Great Britain
HARTING Ltd.
Caswell Road, Brackmills Industrial Estate, GB-Northampton, NN4 7PW
Tel. +44 16 04 / 76 66 86, Fax +44 16 04 / 70 67 77
Hong Kong
HARTING (HK) Limited, Regional Office Asia Pacific
4208 Metroplaza Tower I, 223 Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong, N. T., Hong Kong
Tel. +8 52 / 24 23 - 73 38, Fax +8 52 / 24 80 - 43 78
Sweden
HARTING AB
Fagerstagatan 18 A, 5 tr., S-16353 Spånga
Tel. +46 8 / 4 45 71 71, Fax +46 8 / 4 45 71 70
Switzerland
HARTING AG
Industriestrasse 26, CH-8604 Volketswil
Tel. +41 1 / 9 46 09 66, Fax +41 1 / 9 46 09 70
Taiwan
HARTING R.O.C. Limited
Room 6, 10 Floor, No. 171, Sung-Te-Road, Taipei 110 Taiwan
Tel. +8 86 - 2 - 23 46 - 31 77, Fax +8 86 - 2 - 23 46 - 26 90
USA
HARTING Inc. of North America
1370 Bowes Road, Elgin, Illinois 60123-5538
Tel. +1 8 47 / 7 41-15 00, Fax +1 8 47 / 7 41-82 57
Eastern-Europe
HARTING Bauelemente GmbH, Vertrieb Osteuropa
Bamberger Straße 7, D-01187 Dresden
Tel. +49 3 51 / 4 36 17 60, Fax +49 3 51 / 4 36 17 70
Italy
HARTING SpA
Via Dell' Industria 7, I-20090 Vimodrone (Milano)
Tel. +39 02 / 25 08 01, Fax +39 02 / 2 65 05 97
HARTING KGaA
Marienwerderstraße 3 · D-32339 Espelkamp
P.O. Box 11 33 · D-32325 Espelkamp
Tel. +49 57 72 / 47- 0 · Fax +49 57 72 / 47- 400
E-Mail: [email protected] · Internet: http//www.HARTING.com

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