Projektergebnisse Trilat. Project: Mango - Gepris

Trilat. Project: Mango malformation: Epidemiology and simultaneous transcriptome
analyses of host and fungal pathogen
Co-applicant:
Professor Dr. Günter Kahl
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
Fachbereich Biowissenschaften
Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften
Biozentrum
Max-von Laue-Straße 9
60438 Frankfurt am Main
Telephone: +49 69 95739-603
Fax: +49 69 95739-706
E-Mail: kahl em.uni-frankfurt.de
Professor Dr. Radwan Barakat, Ph.D.; Dr. Stanley Freeman; Professor Dr. Uri Lavi
Subject Area
Funding
Phytomedicine
Funded from 2008 to 2011
Applicant:
Final Report
Final Report Year
2012
Final Report Abstract
(1) Main objective of the project was and is to unravel the molecular basis of the socalled Mango malformation
disease of the Mango tree Mangifera indica, caused by the ascomycete Fusarium mangiferae, which infects the
tree in an as yet not completely known way and leads to the generation of symptoms like crippled inflorescences.
The consequence, the prevention of flower maturation and fruit formation, has a severe impact on fruit yield, and
therefore on consumption and export, and is presently a negative economic factor in Israel. (2) Whereas the fungus
and its distribution in Israel are already known, the project added a map of mango orchards and tentative Fusarium
mangiferae distribution on the West Bank. Phytopathology research additionally widened our insight into the
influence of a series of environmental parameters on fungal growth and virulence. (3) Conidia of Fusarium
mangiferae, isolated from infected panicles, served to reproducibly infect Mango trees. Airborne dispersal of
inoculum was proven, and disease incidence and severity could be linked to the capacity of sporulation. A PCR
diagnostic tool for the detection of the pathogen in planta is now available, based on specific primers
complementary to rDNA sequences. (4) More than 23,000 tags were identified in in vitro grown Fusarium mycelium.
However, most of the tags that were detected from the infected tissue were also detected in non-infected plants,
suggesting contamination with common powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae). (5) The transcriptomes (the entirety
of transcript RNAs of the fungus and host separately as well as during their interaction in planta were characterized
quantitatively by deepSuperSAGE, a technology based on the isolation of small sequence tags (each diagnostic for
one specific messenger RNA), their sequencing by next-generation sequencing technologies in a massively parallel
fashion and their annotation to existing databases. Even very low abundant transcripts, not visible on microarrays,
were discovered from both fungus and plant. Some were identified as being involved in flower development of the
plant (as e.g. gene AP1). (6) The transcriptome analyses unexpectedly revealed, that even control plants (not
infected with Fusarium mangiferae) were in a reactive state very similar to plants infected by the mango
malformation fungus. Many transcripts in control and experiment were identical, which finally lead to the conclusion
of a potential superinfection. In fact, it was detected, that Oidium mangiferae, a relative of powdery mildew, was
present in all plants, though no symptoms of infection were visible. Therefore, the deepSuperSAGE results were
corrupted, since they did not represent the response of the host towards Fusarium alone, but a mixed response to
Fusarium and Oidium. (7) As a perspective, the consortium will submit an extension proposal to continue
unraveling the system Fusarium mangiferae/Mangifera indica in molecular detail, using genome sequencing to
improve the annotation base and an advanced version of deepSuperSAGE to study the transcriptomes of pathogen
and host plant separately and during their interaction.
Publications
DeepSuperSAGE: Hightthroughput Transcriptome Sequencing with Now- and Next-Generation
Sequencing Technologies. In: Tag-based Next Generation Sequencing, ed. Matthias Harbers and Günter
Kahl, Wiley-Blackwell, December 2011
Matsumura H., Molina C, Krüger D.H., Terauchi R., Kahl, G.
High-Throughput SuperSAGE for Digital Gene Expression Analysis of Multiple Samples Using Next
Generation Sequencing. PLoS ONE 5, Issue 8, e12010 (2010)
Matsumura H., Yoshida K., Luo S., Kimura E., Fujibe T., Albertyn Z., Barrero R.A., Krüger D.H., Kahl G., Schroth
G.P., Terauchi R.
The salt-responsive transcriptome of chickpea roots and nodules via deepSuperSAGE. BMC Plant Biology
11:31 (2011)
Molina C., Zaman-Allah M., Khan F., Fatnassi N., Horres R., Rotter B., Steinhauer D., Amenc L, Drevon J.J.,
Winter P., G. Kahl
Tag-based Next Generation Sequencing. Wiley-Blackwell, 581 pages (2011)
Harbers M., G. Kahl
DFG Programme
International Connection
Research Grants
Israel, Palestine
GEPRIS is a project of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Contact GEPRIS at http://www.dfg.de/gepris
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