Unternehmen

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Unternehmen

Technische und organisatorische
Herausforderungen bei Netzanschluss
von EE-Anlagen weltweit
ENERCON GmbH
Farid Mohamadi – Sales Manager North Africa
Nuno Miguel Taveira – Grid Integration engineer
16 September 2014, BMWi (Berlin)
Agenda
Unternehmenspräsentation
Challenges for wind energy’s grid integration
– Weather conditions
– Electrical grid events
Reactive power capability
Voltage control
ENTSO-E Network Code
Conclusions
© Copyright ENERCON GmbH. All rights reserved.
2
Die Säulen des Unternehmens
Unternehmen
~ AA~ Unabhängig
~ Beratung
~ International
3
Unternehmen
~ AA~ Unabhängig
Technologie
~ Getrieblos
~ Produktpalette
~ Netzintegration
~ Beratung
~ International
4
Unternehmen
~ AA~ Unabhängig
Technologie
~ Getrieblos
~ Produktpalette
Service
~ Wartung
~ Schlüsselfertig
~ Netzintegration
~ Beratung
~ International
5
Unternehmen
~ AA~ Unabhängig
Technologie
~ Getrieblos
~ Produktpalette
Service
~ Wartung
~ Schlüsselfertig
~ Netzintegration
~ Beratung
~ International
6
Kennzahlen
~ On-shore Spezialist seit 30 Jahren
~ ca. 20 000 Mitarbeiter
~ 41 Fabriken
~ Eingene Logistik-Ausrüstung & eigenes Testzentrum
~ Präsenz in 44 Ländern
~ 23 201 WEA installiert
~ 35,50 GW installiert
~ 9.8/10,1 % Weltmarktanteil* (3. Weltmarktführer)
Stand: 09.2014
*Quelle: BTM Consult_2014
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Bilder
Wasserkraftwerk (getrieblose S-Turbinen)
WEA-Meerwasserentsalzungssystem
E-Ship (mit Flettner-Segelrotoren)
Mobiles Werk
F&E - Elektromobilität
Beispiel: Umspannwerk (ca. 50 St.)
Inselsystem (Stand-alone)
Innovationszentrum
Testzentrum
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Beispiel: ENERCON Produktion
8
Agenda
Voltage control
Conclusions
9
Challenges for the grid integration of the wind energy
Storms with high wind speed
Problem: most of the wind turbines switch-off when wind speed is higher than 25m/s
The loss of wind energy injected can endanger the Power system => Blackout risks!
Spain: storm Klaus (January 2009): 6GW diference between schedulled and real
power! (source: Red Electrica de España)
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Challenges for the grid integration of the wind energy
Storms with high wind speed
ENERCON WECs are equipped with ENERCON Storm Control® functionality
Avoid switching off  continuously reduce the WEC output power depending on the
wind speed
other WEC
manufacturers:
Hysteresis PR ↔ 0MW
PWEC
Prated
ENERCON Storm Control® :
No disconnection from the grid,
active power ramps up/down
instantaneously
vmin
vrated
25m/s
vwind
According to IEC61400 norm
these are 10 min average values
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Main Electrical System Parameters
1) Frequency “f”
Depends on the balance between
power production and consumption
From Portugal to Turkey: same frequency
Nordel mainly independent from Central Europe
2) Voltage “U”
Depends on (active and) reactive power
flows, and on system design
dU
Needed and provided locally
Possible influence of Wind Power Plants:
Change of active power flow
Influence on
Frequency
Change of reactive power flow
Influence on
Voltage
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PQ-Diagram: Reactive Power capability
Reactive Power capability in ENERCON WECs
Full reactive power above 10% of the rated power (Standard configuration)
Full reactive power independent from the wind (with ENERCON STATCOM)
Fast and precise response to voltage changes in the grid
Operation point
Standard / with
Q+ option:
With “ENERCON
STATCOM-Option”:
φ
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Reactive Power and Voltage Control
Voltage control
Lines, transformers and engines need reactive power to operate
Reactive power (Q) can be imagined as a compulsory “lubricant” to the power system
Voltage decreases over length of power line
Wind Farms can provide reactive power to contribute to grid voltage control
Voltage
Q
Distance
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The Future of Grid Codes in Europe
ENTSO-E nominated by EU to prepare the
„Network Codes“ (10 NC in total)
First one, relevant for Wind Power plants:
“Requirements for Generators” (RfG)
Status: under comitology process, probably to
be published in Q1 2015
To be adapted within max. 3 years => ≈ 2017 at
the latest (at national level)
EU law, higher ranking than national laws or
Grid Codes
With increasing MW installed, it sets more
demanding technical requirements
ENTSO-E NC RfG leaves some room for
national/regional interpretation by the TSOs
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Reactive Power Capability Requirements from System Operators
United Kingdom
Very different minimum requirements, usually not 100% clear
Spain (future)
1
import
0,9
Reactive power capability (Mvar)
is usually not remunerated
export
0,8
0,7
0,6
Usage of decentralized RES for
Voltage control purposes is still not
permited/required in many
Distribution systems
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
Germany (future requirements for 110kV)
0
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
100%
Minimum
requirement
One of the 3,
upon choice of
the system
operator
Sweden
(SvK requirement to one very big
wind power plant)
20%
0%
50%
0%
50%
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Reactive Power Capability Requirements as by ENTSO-E NC
SvK requirement
Future German
requirement for 110kV
• It remains with the national
Figure 9 - P-Q/Pmax-profile of a Power Park Module. The
diagram represents boundaries of a P-Q/Pmax-profile at the
Connection Point by the Active Power, expressed by the
ratio of its actual value and the Maximum Capacity in per
unit, against the ratio of the Reactive Power (Q) and the
Maximum Capacity (Pmax). The position, size and shape
of the inner envelope are indicative.
TSO/DSO to define his minimum requirements
• What is the most economic way
to satisfy the system needs?
• No rule about remunerations
in this Network Code
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Agenda
Voltage control
Conclusions
19
Conclusions
Power generation mix is changing from a centralized to a decentralized concept,
mainly inverter-based using volatile renewable sources (wind, solar)
Modern Full-converter technology (like ENERCON) offers the flexibility for an optimal
integration in the existing Grids  operate as an active element supporting the grid!
ENTSO-E Network Code-“Requirements for generators”: will be an European law and
certainly a reference worldwide (specialy to emerging and new markets)
Grid integration challenge: more wind/solar power integration will require more
ancilary services provided to the grid by Wind/solar  in favour of an Ancilary
services market in Europe!
Priority to a joint work: technical discussions with the interested parts - System
operators, industry, research institutions, Academy/Universities –
Priority to the Research&Development: a key factor;
Energy market integration: Iberian energy market lacks a strong electrical connection
to the rest of Europe (through France). It penalizes Spain and Portugal but also the
rest of Europe  massive power curtailments on Wind farms/Solar in Spain and
Portugal
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Thanks for your attention!
[email protected]
[email protected]
21
Imprint
Publisher:
Copyright:
Content subject to change:
ENERCON GmbH ▪ Dreekamp 5 ▪ 26605 Aurich ▪ Germany
Phone: +49 4941 927-0
Fax: +49 4941 927-109
© ENERCON GmbH. Any reproduction, distribution and utilisation of this document as well as the communication of its contents to third parties
without express authorisation is prohibited. Violators will be held liable for monetary damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a
patent, utility model or design.
ENERCON GmbH reserves the right to change, improve and expand this document and the subject matter described herein at any time without
prior notice.
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