Lightweight boards - 3rd International Conference on Life Cycle

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3rd International Conference on
Life Cycle Management
Lightweight boards
– A resource and greenhouse gas saving
innovation in the wood industry?
W.R. Poganietz, S. Feifel, L. Schebek
Department of Technology-Induced Material Flows
Institute for Technical Chemistry
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany
Zurich, August, 27-29, 2007
1 | W.R. Poganietz | LCM 2007 | Lightweight boards
KIT – die Kooperation von
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Introduction
“Life Cycle Management (LCM) is an
integrated concept to assist in businesses
managing the total life cycle of products and services
towards more
sustainable consumption and production patterns”
EPA, Victoria, Australia [www.epa.vic.gov.au]
LCM shall induce environmental friendly innovations
Source of graphic: www.netzwerk-lebenszyklusdaten.de
Environmental friendly innovations
… are innovations reducing the environmental impact of
products and services (…)
But,
environmental impacts: where to begin and where to end?
• emissions into the air vs. emissions into soil vs. resource use?
• only direct impacts
Life cycle approach
plus upstream impacts
plus downstream impacts
plus impacts on competing products and their environmental
performance?
Objective
Discussion on the
– effects of a “green” innovation
– on resources and carbon dioxide emissions
– in the context of interdependent processes/sectors
Example: Lightweight boards
Method: economic wide material flow model
Standard wood-based boards
Standard wood-based panels consist of
• outer ply made of finest chipped wooden material and
• central ply made of larger chipped wooden material
• both made of fresh wood as well as recycled material
Source: www.glunz.de
Lightweight boards
Lightweight boards consist of
• thin cover layers (standard wood-based panels) and
• core layers made of paper (expanded hexagon or
octagon honey combs or corrugated card board) and
• frames, where required due to construction
cover layer
frame
honey comb
Standard boards vs. Lightweight boards
Example: 25mm thickness
Selected
items
Standard
board
Lightweight
board
Change
0.343m3/m3
0.110m3/m3
-68.0%
0kg/m3
54.8kg/m3
n.a.
Energy
1,530MJ/m3
666MJ/m3
-56.5%
Board
1.00 kg
0.43 kg
-57.0%
Solid wood
Waste paper
Lightweight boards
• Advantages
• reduced demand for solid wood by replacing the core by
welted paper, which bases on recycled paper
• reduced demand for energy
• both should reduce GHG emissions as well as resource use
• Disadvantages
• crowding out of traditional demander of recycled paper (i.e.
paper and print industry)
• increased demand for solid wood to substitute recycled
paper by the paper industry
Production and demand of
standard wood-based boards, Germany 2000
Production: 4.1m t
76%
Demand: 4.1m t
24%
Furniture
Packaging
Source: CarboMoG Database
Model – CarboMoG
CarboMoG ~ Carbon Flow Model of Germany
• is a material flow model,
• focussing on the German carbon system,
• contains 215 single material and energy flows and 175
processes
• base year 2000
Model –
CarboMoG
Atmosphere
electricity
fuel
gas
fuels
electricity
oil
Energy
Traffic &
Transport
crude oil
gas
Private
electricity
Households
&
Consumption
electricity
minerals
Coal
Gas
Mining
Mining
emissions
C01
Onshore oil
electricity
process
oil
crude oil
Agriculture &
Forestry CO2
emissions
hard
coal
brown
coal
Waste
gas
treatment
Anthroposphereheat
CH4
heavy
fuel oil
fuels
Industry
Oil
extraction
Import /
Export
gas
C20
Boiler heavy fuel
Lithosphere
oil
NMHC
dust
Germany
minerals
Model – CarboMoG
Subcategory
Category
Oil
Hard coal
Vegetable raw material and products
Material flow
Number
Crude oil of material flows
Hard coal, raw
49
Hard coal briquette
Hard coal coke
Animal raw material and products
Brown coal
25
Brown coal, raw
Brown coal coke
Manufactured products
79
Brown coal briquette
Fluidised bed and pulverised coal
Energy carriers
Gas
Wastes and residues
24
Natural gas and oil gas
Mine gas and20
sewage gas
Refinery gas
Mineral raw materials
Liquefied gas10
Emissions and assimilation (of gases)
Fuels
Gasoline
8
Diesel fuel
Kerosene
Total
....
Heat
215
Space heat
Process heat
District heat
Scenario
• Switch from standard board to a lightweight board,
25mm thickness
Selected
items
Standard
board
Lightweight
board
Change
0.343m3/m3
0.110m3/m3
-68.0%
0kg/m3
54.8kg/m3
n.a.
Energy
1,530MJ/m3
666MJ/m3
-56.5%
Board
1.00 kg
0.43 kg
-57.0%
Solid wood
Waste paper
• Market penetration of lightweight boards:
25% market share
Material and energy flows and transport
440.89
500
250
109.51
-0.89
0
-3.24
-250
-189.80
-411.50
-500
-426.15
-372.53
-750
-1,000
-1,028.76
-1,250
-1,219.65
-
[TJ]
-
Transport ship
[TJ]
Transport
railway
[TJ]
Transport
trucks
[1.000 t]
Electricity
[1.000 t
dry]
Diesel
[1.000 t
dry]
Light fuel oil
-
Waste paper
[1.000 t]
Industrial wood
waste
Lightweight
board
[1.000 t]
Wood
Standard board
-1,500
[Mio. tkm] [Mio. tkm] [Mio. tkm]
Carbon dioxide emissions
200
116.32
100
-0.03
0
-2.53
-6.30
-9.02
-100
[1.000 t]
-200
-182.24
-260.39
-300
-400
-352.33
-500
-600
-700
-727.50
-800
Standard
board
Lightweight
board
Wood
Light fuel
oil
Diesel
Electricity
generation
Transport
trucks
Transport
ship
Sum
Conclusions
• Lightweight board could reduce
– the demand for resources
– the emissions of greenhouse gases
in Germany
but, the overall impacts are small: e.g. CO2: - 0.07%
• A crowding out of demander of waste paper will
happen, but – in our example – not in Germany
Source: www.egger.com
Source: www.glunz.de
[email protected]

Lightweight boards - 3rd International Conference on Life Cycle

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