Deserts in the Range of Vision: International Cooperation
Transcrição
Deserts in the Range of Vision: International Cooperation
Deserts in the Range of Vision: I t International ti l Cooperation C ti ttowards d Destination Development Burghard Rauschelbach Programme Coordinator, Tourism and Sustainable Development, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Eschborn ITB Berlin 2009 Rendezvous with the Desert! Desert, Desertification & Sustainable Tourism Issues, Challenges & Development March 12th, 2009 08.04.2009 Page 1 Seite content • GTZ – German Technical Cooperation • • Tourism and Development Cooperation: focal areas P Programme on Tourism T i and dS Sustainable t i bl D Development l t • Examples: Service Sectors, Tools in Tourism Development • • Desertification Programme to Combat Desertification • Examples: Turkmenistan, Morrocco, Yemen • Actual concerns, recent topics 08.04.2009 Page 2 Seite GTZ – company profile The German Technical Cooperation … ... is an international cooperation enterprise for sustainable d development. l t ... supports in achieving development-policy objectives. … operates on behalf of governmental and international clients and the private sector. ... supports and facilitates complex development and reform processes. processes ... provides services for political, economic, ecological and social development. 08.04.2009 Page 3 Seite GTZ worldwide Russian Federation • Moskau M k Germany • • Belgium • • Kaliningrad • • Omsk • Novosibirsk • Altay • Saratow Ukraine BosniaKasachstan Herzegovina Rumänien Serbia and Montenegro Croatia Uzbekistan Georgia Kosovo Bulgarien Kyrgyzstan Mazedonien Armenia Azerbaijan Tajikistan Albania Palestine Maroc Mongolia Peoples‘ Republic of China Afghanistan Jordan Algeria Nepal Pakistan Egypt Dominican Republic Guatemala El Salvador Honduras SaudiArabia Mauretania Nicaragua Haiti Ni Costa Rica Niger Togo Ecuador Bangladesh Viet Nam Tschad Y Yemen Thailand Burkina Faso Ghana Cote d‘Ivoire Colombia India Mali Senegal Guinea VAR Cambodia Nigeria Philippines Ethiopia Sri Lanka Cameroon Benin Uganda Kenya Democratic Republic Rwanda Burundi Congo Brazil Indonesia Tanzania Peru Angola Malawi Zambia Bolivia Paraguay Namibia Argentina Chile Mozambique Zimbabwe Madagasca r Republic of South Africa Countries with Development Cooperation Office Countries with GTZ-Office C Countries t i with ith GTZ GTZ-Office Offi with ith special i l duties d ti GTZ Head Office in Eschborn and Offices in Berlin, Bonn und Brussels 08.04.2009 Page 4 Seite 08.04.2009 Page 5 Seite Tourism and development cooperation: focal areas 08.04.2009 Page 6 Seite Tourism and development cooperation: focal areas Environmental protection, Resourcemanagement g Health system vocational t i i and training d education Support of the economy y Peace and security Tourism & development cooperation Supply with food and other goods Infrastructure: transport, communcation, water, energy Political and social framework conditions Desaster management and risk control 08.04.2009 Page 7 Seite The Millenium Development Goals (MDG) 1. 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 7. 8. Eradicate Poverty and Hunger Achieve Universal Primary Education Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Reduce Child Mortality Improve Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases E Ensure Environmental E i t lS Sustainablity t i blit Develop a Global Partnership for Development 08.04.2009 Page 8 Seite Programme on Tourism and Development 08.04.2009 Page 9 Seite Programme: p “Tourism and Sustainable Development” Target: “cooperating cooperating with governmental institutions and local authorities authorities, non-governmental organisations and the private sector • in opening-up the potentials of tourism for sustainable development and • in mitigating ecological and social risks of tourism“. 08.04.2009 Page 10 Seite Tourism and Sustainable Development: Networks GTZ internal International Partner Working group “Sustainable Tourism“ World Tourism Organisation (WTO) Local projects with tourism components George Washington University (GWU) NGOs „Studienkreis für Tourismus und Entwicklung“ EED-Tourism Watch Regional departments/ Steering groups UNEP-Tour Operators Initiative (TOI) Iz3W, Fernweh, KATE International Services UNCTAD, UNESCO Respect p (AT) ( ) Development Assistance Agency (DAA) network: FR, IT, GB, A, NL Akte (CH) Public Private Partnership Secretariat on Eco- and Social-Standards North America: USAID, CIDA AgenZ Development Institutions in Germany Private Sector DRV DED TUI KfW REWE CIM Sandals InWent IBLF/ ITP DEG ECPAT ((End Child Prostitution, Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) World Bank Group 08.04.2009 Page 11 Seite Tools for Tourism Development Tourism masterplans p Development of criteria for sustainable tourism Guidelines for tourism marketing Manuals for trade fairs Knowledge storage and exchange tools Co-financing studies etc. Experiences and evaluations... 08.04.2009 Page 12 Seite Desertification 08.04.2009 Page 13 Seite Definition von Desertification Desertification: “land degradation in arid arid, semi semi-arid arid and dry sub subhumid areas, resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities” Æ excludes hyper-arid areas (UNCCD 1992) 08.04.2009 Page 14 Seite Definition von Desertification, Land degradation “The reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity of drylands, resulting from land uses or from processes, arising from human activities and habitation patterns “ (UNCCD 1992) 08.04.2009 Page 15 Seite LS4 Drylands Dryland areas cover 41,3 % of the earth‘s surface (including the hyperarid id regions) i ) 38 % of the world population (= 2.5 Billion / (=Mrd.)) live in these areas, 90 % of which belong to developing countries.)). Quelle: Sörensen (2007) 08.04.2009 Page 16 Seite Folie 16 LS4 noch einfügen: bei diesen Zahlen/auf dieser Seite sind auch hyperairde Gebiete mit inbegriffen Levke Soerensen; 03.03.2009 Conserving resources for nutrition “The geography of poverty and hunger in rural areas coincides with that of degraded lands.” (UNCCD) Loss of productivity by soil erosion: 20 Mio mto grain per year. Loss of area under cultivation by soil erosion: almost 40% in the last 40 years. Degradation and loss of area under cultivation by soil erosion: 200 200,000 000 km² per year year. 40% of the population of Africa and Asia live in regions, which are endangered by desertification f (in ( Latin America 30%) 08.04.2009 Page 17 Seite Results from desertification Diminishing agricultural production Scarcity of water Poverty Nutritional and health problems Mi ti Migration Conflicts and wars 08.04.2009 Page 18 Seite German Development Politics towards combating desertification 08.04.2009 Page 19 Seite German Development Politics towards combating b ti desertification d tifi ti (1) (Report by the Federal Republic of Germany on Measures Taken to Assist Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in 2006) Total sums of funding by the German federal government for UNCCDrelated projects ongoing in 2005 (1.8 Mrd EUR). 08.04.2009 Page 20 Seite German Development Politics towards combating desertification (2) Distribution by sector of the funding volume of ongoing projects aimed at combating desertification. desertification 08.04.2009 Page 21 Seite Programme to Combat Desertification 08.04.2009 Page 22 Seite GTZ’s Contribution to Combat Desertification (1) 180 projects Convention Project to Combat Desertification (CCD Project) Main Tasks of the CCD-Project: CCD Project: Political and strategic consultancy, networking, development p of concepts, p ,p public relations,, project support 08.04.2009 Page 23 Seite Contribution to Combat Desertification (examples of the CCD CCD-project) project) Monitoring of national action programmes for combatting desertification Networking with other implementation projects worldwide; advisory Co-founder of CACILM - Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management Development of instruments to measure effectiveness of national action programmes 08.04.2009 Page 24 Seite Projects with tourism inside inside… Some examples: Namibia Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Enviornment and Tourism in the field of Sustainable Natural Resource Management (20052007) 1,5 Mio € (GTZ) Yemen: Environment and Tourism Ministry Mougama Al-Bounook, SanaaAssignment: 1 Environmental Protection Engineer (2002-2005) 145.000€ (CIM) Ethiopia: Taltale Agro-Tourism Industry Project-Assignment: 1 Consultant for Organic Farming (2002-2004) 140.000 (CIM) Morocco Protection de la Nature et Lutte contre la Desertification (Conservation of Nature and Combat against Desertification) (2005-2011) 3,7 Mio € (GTZ) 08.04.2009 Page 25 Seite Project Examples 08.04.2009 Page 26 Seite Example from practice: Turkmenistan „Capacity C it b building ildi and d on-the-ground th d iinvestments t t ffor sustainable land management“ Joint implementation with UNDP, GEF & the Turkmenistanic Minister of the Environment LS3 Part of the regional central Asian for Landmanagement (CACILM) Goal: Creating partnerships for sustainable landuse; involvement i l t off allll decision-making stake-holders on all decision making levels. 08.04.2009 Page 27 Seite Folie 27 LS3 Abkürzungen ausschreiben Levke Soerensen; 03.03.2009 Example from practice: Turkmenistan The main p problems are: 24,000 Goat and 3,000 cattle on grazing areas, the carrying capacity of which is below 8 8,000. 000 Degradation of forests and pastures by overgrazing and wood cutting Erosion by mountain areas, seasonal soil avalanches, gorges >>less water infiltration and water availability >>loss of fertile soil 08.04.2009 Page 28 Seite Example from practice: Turkmenistan Activities in the mountainearous regions of Kopet Dag (one LS from 3 project regions): Enhancement of the water retension capability. Re-forestation Reduction of cattle, and extension of fruit and vegetable. 08.04.2009 Page 29 Seite Folie 29 LS2 CACILM habe ich gestrichen und auf die vorige Seite gepackt Levke Soerensen; 03.03.2009 Project Example Yemen G l Goals Strengthening Yemen as a tourism destination for sustainable tourism, fight poverty and pursue an environmental policy policy. 08.04.2009 Page 30 Seite Example Yemen (in detail) Situation One of the poorest countries; geo-political relevance; rich cultural heritage; natural attractions; hospitable inhabitants; liberal tourism politics Approach Following a political initiative of the Yemeni minister for tourism, GTZ initiated a selffinanced action with the following activities: Financing a market analysis on tourism development in Yemen (focus: mountain • tourism). • Analysis of the potential of tourism facilities for mountain tourism. • Education and training for Yemeni tourism specialists (e.g. mountain guides). • Promotion of the project as good practice example for mountain ecotourism. ecotourism Goals Strengthening Yemen as a tourism destination for sustainable tourism, fight poverty and d pursue an environmental i t l policy. li Results Improvements in service quality, knowledge transfer for sustainable management, improved destination attractiveness. Due to security reasons travel warnings were expressed and incoming tourism declined. 08.04.2009 Page 31 Seite Yemen: The Haraz Mountains A hiking g and trekking g guide g The Haraz Mountains are home to one of the most attractive terraced landscapes in Yemen. Between the Red Sea Lowlands and the mountain peaks of up to 3.000 3 000 m visitors can get to know a region with unspoilt nature and a rich variety of landscapes. The friendly inhabitants reside in compact p fortified villages reminiscent of the Middle Ages and have retained many of their old customs and practices. The region is ideal for easy and semi difficult hiking and trekking. semi-difficult trekking Customised and trialled hiking and trekking tours, practical travel tips, and a 1:25,000 scale map provide the traveller with a vivid portrait of the special features of the region. 2007, 88 pages, 13,5 x 21 cm, many photographs and illustrations; trekking map. Published on behalf of GTZ & YGTDA. YGTDA ISBN 978-3-925064-46-3. Price: Euro 16.00 08.04.2009 Page 32 Seite Project Example Morocco Management and Protection of Natural Resources and combat of desertification Capaity C it b building ildi for f the th planning l i and d managementt off Tazekka, T kk Toubkal, Souss-Massa, and Bas-Drâa national parks. 08.04.2009 Page 33 Seite Project with tourism inside inside… Example Morocco Gentle safari in one of Morocco’s National Parks Safaris of the gentle kind are now offered in southern Morocco in Souss Massa National Park. A partnership between GTZ, international tourism experts and the Moroccan Government had led to this environmentally friendly attraction. The safari’s main attraction is a trip to two animal reserves set up to reintroduce endangered animal species in the park, g Saharan animals,, including g where tourists can see large several species of antelope and the red-necked ostrich. 08.04.2009 Page 34 Seite Tourism and Climate Change „Aviation is responsible for approximately 2% of global CO2 emissions, but considering the harm it does it must be calculated by a factor of about 2-4“. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) demands: • • • • Higher emissions standards Reduction of environmentally harmful subsidies Market instruments: 1)) ecotaxes or 2)) emission trading g Substitution of air travel by other forms of transportation 08.04.2009 Page 35 Seite Actual concerns concerns, recent topics: Financial crisis Safety Climate change Masterplans Social exploitation Promotion of SME Certification and standards Corporate Social Responsibility Cross-border tourism Hunting tourism Tourism in conflict areas Regional Marketing … 08.04.2009 Page 36 Seite www.gtz.de/tourism www gtz de/tourism www.gtz.de/desert g [email protected] 08.04.2009 Page 37 Seite