A CHRONOLOGY SCHOENBERG`S EARLY UNPUBLISHED

SCHOENBERG'S EARL Y SONGS
A CHRONOLOGY
SCHOENBERG'S EARLY UNPUBLISHED
STEIN
_ 1 Josef Rufer, The Works of Amold Schoenberg (Eng. trans., Faber and Faber, London, 1962): Unpubhshed Works,
98-99; Jan
Studien zur
des
Satzes bei
Vol. 1.
72
SOURCES: Besides the collection in the Schoenberg Institute, there
exist the Nachod CoHection at North Texas State University in Denton, Texas; the Nachod Collection in the possession of Ena Steiner
the Robert O. Lehman Collection, housed in the
Morgan Library in New Yor:k. The Nachod-Texas Collection is described by Dika Newlin in the January 1968 issue of The
Quarterly ("The Schoenberg-Nachod Collection: A Preliminary
this collection contains thirteen songs, five of them
incomplete, and one written for tenor and string quartet. Four of
them are
in other collections as weH. Dates are lacking
all
these sonas
and
most
of
the
texts
are
unidentified.
The
Nachod
b
papers in the hands
Ena Steiner are described
her in
article "Schoenberg's Quest: Newly Discovered Works from his Early
Years"
Musical Quarterly,
1974). Two songs, not found in
other coHections, are described and partially reproduced. The
Lehman Collection indudes four early songs, three
exist in
versions in the Institute Archives.
In
the photostats of two songs, unlisted elsewhere, have
been found in the New York Public Library at Lincoln Center.
reference librarian, has made them available to the
Institute. The original manuscripts of these songs have not been 10cated;
may be part
an estate auctioned
several years ago.
existence was noted by Philip Friedheim in his doctoral dissertation in 1963. 2 The songs are dedicated to Fräulein Clara Orienter
dated March 9, 1896.
Two
early songs have been partiaHy reproduced in publicadons: "In hellen Träumen hab' ich Dich oft geschaut" (text by Alfred
in
60. Geburtstag Festschrift (Universal Edition, 1934) and
"Du Kleine bist so Heb und
(text by Ludwig Pfau) in H. H.
recent biography of Schoenberg (Atlantis Verlag,
The former is described as "Erste Liedkomposition Schönbergs";
latter is one of Zwei Lieder von Ludwig Pfau (the second
one is not described), an earlier version of
can be found at the
ascribes the source for these Zwei Lieder
as the
Bodmeriana, Cologny-Genf.
Friedheim, "Tonality and Structure in the
New York University, 1963.
Works of Schoenberg."
73
LEONARD STEIN
The basic bibliographies are
Rufer and
Both, however, are incomplete as far as
early songs are concerned. In Rufer-where these songs are listed under
Works, Completed Works, Songs, on p. 98 of the English Editionso me
the songs are missing or are listed as "Eleven Songs"
out further identification. These latter songs are
Maegaard (actually as twelve songs) on p. 156
the first
his study under
heading "Erste Lieder." However, his
not include some of the songs nor the dates
others.
Newlin
Steiner provide information on songs missing in
Rufer and Maegaard, but even here many
the texts are not
and
dates are
approximate. Some clues in
are
in filling in
gaps. In
Geburtstag Festschrift, the date and place for "In
Träumen"
are given-1893, Kritzendorf. This information can be
in the 1974 Gedenkausstellung
Edition, Ernst
as Item 11
158). The facsimile
the Wiener
mentions that
song was in
tion
Bach and was composed in the summer of
1893. Ena Steiner provides the additional
that it was
3
to Bach's sister, Eva.
in
Reich' s biography
Schoenberg
Lenau's Schilflied
geht
is given as 1893. This song won a prize from
society organi.zed
Zemlinsky, aldoes not mention
in
article on
(" Jugenderrinerungen")
volume. No date 1S given far
song
Maegaard
and
describes it
as "die
Lied, von denen
wir Kenntnis haben."
most valuable clue of aH is to be found in Stuckenschmidt's biography,
the first page
Zwei Lieder von
is reproduced
35). These songs were
to
Fräulein Gisela Cohn {later the
D. J.
1
1895. Since it was
In
Rufer and IVl~äe:,,-a,::!J
Zwei Lieder were extracted from the "Erste Lieder"
the latter were composed before the date of the
REFERENCES:
the foHowing dates can definitely be established:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
1893: In hellen Träumen (Gold) and Lenau's Schilflied;
September 11, 1895 (dedication): Zwei Lieder (Pfau);
9, 1896 (dedication): Zwei Lieder (Geibel and Zedlitz);
September 15, 1897: Mädchenfr'Ühling (Dehmel);
2, 1899: Die Beiden (Hofmannsthal);
August
1900: Grnss in die Feme (Lingg).
In addition, dates for the published songs,
1-3 (1898-1S00) are
given in Rufer and Maegaard.
~ One can therefore peg the other songs onto these dates
some
degree accuracy. Perhaps it is an assumption to group together
texts of Schoenberg's favorite authors during this period,
we
are impressed by the fact that an of the Pfau songs (at least. s~ven)
were composed up
1897 (one should include also the unflmshed
Lied
Männerchor und Bläserensemble on pfau's "Flüchtingssonetten von Jahr 1849"-now in the Lehman Collection-which is dated
24/6.97),
the Immerous texts by Richard Dehmel, including
Mädchenfrühling, Nicht doch!, and Mannesbangen, appeal after that
date. (See Maegaard, p. 27, for adescription of Mädchenfrnhling.)
One other song appears in three different forms in three of the
collections: without title or author the earlier versions in the
Nachod-Texas and Lehman collections (the former incomplete) provide the text only ("Duftreich ist die Erde"); the last version, in the
Schoenberg Institute, is entitled Ecloge and has the initial W
in the space for the author. Since a definite evolution in style and
notation can be seen from the first to the last version, this song may
4
have been beaun as early as 1893 and not completed until 1897.
Precise exa~:ünation of music paper, handwriting and notation
may
further to establish the dates of these songs. At the same
time, stylistic analysis should proceed hand in hand to further establish chronological precedence. In a subsequent issue we hope to
some
the other pending matters as weH.
4We are indebted to Oliver W. Neighbour, the author of the article on Schoenberg
in the Ne",,; Grove's Dictionary, for providing us with an alphabetized list of all the
3S ee Bach's article "A Note on Amold
xxn, San. 1936.
Scl1oenb~onz
in The Musical Quarterly, Val.
songs.
75
74
-J
List of
Ü'
Songs
(Complete and wHh Piano Accompaniment)
to Abbreviations
ASI: Archives of the Arnold Schoenberg Institute, Los
Bodmer: Bibliotheca Bodmeriana, Cologny-Genf
Lehman: Robert O. Lehman Collection in the Pierponl Morgan Library, New York
Linc. Cent.: Library aDel Museum o[ the Perforrning Arts, The New York Public Library at Lincoln Center
Maeg.: Jan Maegaard, Studien zur entwicklung des dodelwphonen Satzes bei Schönberg, Vol. I (Wilhelrn Hansen,
Copenhagen, 1972)
MQ: The Musical Quarterly
Reich: Willi Reich, Schoenberg, A Critical Biography (Eng. trans., London, 1971)
Rufer: The Works
01' Arnold
Schoenberg (Eng. trans., Faber aDel Faber, London, 1962)
60.Geb.: Amold Sclwenberg zum 60. Geburtstag (Universal Edition, Vienna, 1934)
Steiner: The Nachod Collection in the possession of Ena Steiner, London
Stuck.: H. H. Stuckenschmidt, Schönberg: Leben, Umwelt, Werk (Atlantis Verlag, Zurich, 1974)
Texas: The Nachod Collection at North Texas State University, Denton, 1968
Date
1. 1893 (Summer)
Kritzendorf
2. 1893
3. No date: c. 1893
(ace. to Steiner)
4. No date: as above
Source
Title and First Line
"In hellen Träumen hab' ich
Dich oft geschaut"! (Alfred
Gold)
Schilflied: "Drüben geht die
Sonne scheiden" (Nikolaus
Lenau)
"Einst hat vor Deines Vaters
Haus" (author unknown)
"Klein Vögelein, Du zwischerst
fein" (author unknown)
D. J. Bach Collection
Facs. in 60. Geb., p. 32
Lehman
Date of Polyhymnia prize
in Reich, p. 5
Steiner
Mus. ex. in MQ, July 1974
Steiner
Facs. in MQ, July 1974
Items 5 to 16 are grouped together in one folio in ASI and appear in the order given. The date for Hem 13 only has
been ascertained (see Stuck., p. 35). The songs are listed under "Erste Lieder" in Maeg., p. 156.
-J
-J
5. before Sept. 11, 1895 2
"Im Fliederbusch ein Vöglein
sass" (Robert Reinick)3
ASI
6.
"Dass schon die Maienzeit
vorüber" (Ada Christen)
ASI
Another version: Lehman
7.
"Könnt' ich je zu dir mein
Lust" (Ludwig pfau)
ASI
8.
"Mein Schatz ist wie ein
Schneck"4 (Ludwig Pfau)
ASI
Another version: Texas
9.
"Gott grüss dich Marie!"
(Ludwig pfau)
ASI
"'-J
00
Date
10.
Title and First Line
"Der Pflanze, die dort über
dem Abgrund" (Ludwig Pfau)
"Einsam bin ich und alleine"
(Ludwig Pfau)
11.
12.
"Nur das tImt mir so bitter
weh" (Oskar von Redwitz)
Zweifler: "Du Kleine bist so
lieb und hold" (Ludwig Pfau)
13.
14.
"Mein Herz das ist ein tiefer
Schacht" (author unknown)
"Du kehrst mir den Rücken"
(Ludwig Pfau)
15.
16.
"Ich grüne, wie die Weide
grünt" (Wilhelm Wackernagel)
17. before Sept. 11, 1895
Vergissmeinnicht: "War ein Blümlein
wunderfein" (Ludwig Pfau)
Source
ASI
ASI
ASI
Another version: Texas
ASI: no title 01' date
Another version: Bodmer, No. 1
of Zwei Lieder von Ludwig Pfau,
with date and dedication to
Gisela Cohen. (No. 2 is Hem 1'7.)
Facs. in Stuck., p. 35.
ASI
Another version: Lehman
ASI
ASI
Another version: Texas
Items 13 and 17: Bodmer
Zwei Lieder von Ludwig Pfau
(see Stuck., p. 35)
Hems 18 to 21 are in the Nachod Collection in Texas (see Newlin, MQ, lanuary 1968, für description).
18. No date:
befüre 1895?
"Dass gestern eine Wespe Dich"
(author unknown)
Texas
"Juble schöne junge Rose"
(author unknown)
"Warum bist du aufgewacht"
(author unknown)
Das zerbrochene Krüglein:
"Ich hab' zum Brunnen ein Krüglein
gebracht" (Martin Greif)
Mädchenlied: "In meinem Garten
die Nelken" (Emanuel Geibel)
Texas
23. before March 9, 1896
Sehnsucht: "Als mein Auge sie
fand" (loseph Chr. von Zedlitz)
Same as above
24. No date:
before 1897?
Lied der Schnitterin: "Lass
deine Sichel rauschen" (Ludwig pfau)5
AST
25. No date:
before 1897?
Wanderlied: "Mütterchen, das
führ zu Grab" (Oskar Beta)
26. No date:
before 1897?
Ecloge: "Duftreich ist die
Erde" (author unknown)
ASI: final page
missing
ASI: final version
First version (fncomplete): Texas
Second version: Lehman
27. September 15,
Mädchenfrühling: "Aprilwind,
alle Knospen" (Richard Dehmel)
Nicht doch!: "Mädel, lass das
Stricken" (Richard Dehmel)
Mannesbangen: "Du musst nicht
meinen" (Richard Dehmel)
19. No date:
before 1895?
20. No date:
before 1895?
21. No date:
before 1895?
22. before March 9, 1896
1897 6
28. No date: c. 1897?
29. No date: c. 1897?
"'-J
\0
Texas
Texas
Items 22 and 23:
Zwei Lieder dedicated to
Clara Orienter
Copy in Linc. Cent.
ASI: two copies
ASI: two versions,
one incomplete
ASI: one fragment and
one complete version
00
Cl
Date
TitZe (md First Line
30. No date: c. 1897?
Source
du
ASI: one fragment and
one complete version
Lehman
31. No date: c. 1897?
Mädchenlied: "Sang ein
Bettlerpärlein" (Paul
32.
Die Beiden: "Sie trug den
Becher in der Hand" (Hugo
von Hofmannsthal)
ASI: two copies, first
one incomplete
Gruss in die Feme: "Dunkelnd
über den See" (Hermann Lingg)
ASl: two copies
Pub!. Universal Ed., 1976
2, 1899
33, August
1900
Notes
'In Rufer, p. 98: "geschaut" erroneol1s1y writtcn as "gesehen".
2The date for the declication oi' Zwei Lieder von Prall, which inclue!es Item 13,
3Erroneously given as Reineck in Maeg" p. 156. In Macg" Anhang 1I, p. 167, bcsie!es Reiniek, the following authors are also not
rnentioned: Ada Christen, Oskar von Redwitz, Wilhelm Wackernagel, 0, Beta, ane! Paul Heyse.
"Erroneously entillecl "Mein Scherz" instead of "Mein Schatz" in Maeg., p. 156 ane! p. 167.
SMight be grouped with the other Pfau songs, Items 7-11, 13, 15, ancl17.
"The three Dehmel texts are grouped together. Which one is first in Schoenberg's selection [rom this most [avored poet? Mädchen.
fi'ühling and Nicht doch! appcarecl in DehmeI's volume Er/äsungen (1891; second edition, 1898); Mannesbangen in Weib und Welt
(1896), the source for tlllTC of Schoenberg's Op. 2 songs, dates frorn 1899. None oE these early volumes of Dehmel are to be found in
thc ASI collection (see Maeg., p. 17). Nicht doch! also appearecl in Deutsche Chansons (1900), along with three other poems usecl by
Schoenberg in his Brettl·Lieder (l901) (see Maeg., pp, 34.. 35).