Knights and Castles in the Middle Ages – Einblicke in die Kultur des
Transcrição
Knights and Castles in the Middle Ages – Einblicke in die Kultur des
I/B Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) 1 von 26 Knights and Castles in the Middle Ages – Einblicke in die Kultur des Rittertums gewinnen. (Klasse 7) Zeichnung: Oliver Wetterauer Astrid Berkefeld, Hamburg T H C I S N A R O V Wer kennt sie nicht, den wohltätigen Sir Robin of Locksley, den unerschrockenen Sir Lancelot oder den loyalen Sir Ivanhoe? Ritter und ihre Abenteuer üben seit jeher eine große Faszination auf uns aus. Aber wer hatte schon einmal die Gelegenheit, das Leben auf einer Burg hautnah mitzuerleben? Klassenstufe: 7 Dauer: 4 Stunden Bereich: Mittelalterliche Gesellschaft, Rittertum Der vorliegende Beitrag führt Ihre Schülerinnen und Schüler nicht nur informativ und altersgerecht in die Welt der Ritter und Burgen ein, sondern bietet darüber hinaus auch zahlreiche Möglichkeiten zum handlungsorientierten Arbeiten. 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) I/B 5 von 26 Materialübersicht 1. Stunde: Castles in the Middle Ages M1 (Gd) The medieval society – a tripartite society M2 (Bi) Knights in films M3 (Ab/Tx) Castles in the Middle Ages M4 (Bi) A castle plan 2. Stunde: Castle life M5 (Ab/Tx) Inside a castle M6 (Tx) The castle kitchen M7 (Tx) The Great Hall M8 (Tx) The castle chapel 3. Stunde: Becoming a knight M9 (Ab/Bi) Castle residents M 10 (Ab/Tx) Steps to knighthood 4. Stunde: T H C I S N Tournaments A R O M 11 (Ab) An internet research on medieval tournaments Ab: Arbeitsblatt – Bi: Bild – Gd: grafische Darstellung – Tx:Text V 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 6 von 26 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 I/B The medieval society – a tripartite society1 M1 The Middle Ages covered a long period of time – from about 500 to 1500. In the following lessons we are going to concentrate on the 11th and 12th centuries when knights played an important role in the medieval society. God Clergy (bishops, priests) prayed, held mass2, christened, married and buried people, held confession3 T H C I S N Nobility (emperors, kings) reigned4 A R O V Knights defended themselves and the other estates5 Peasants6, Menials7 worked for the other estates, were dependent8 Annotations 1 tripartite society: Dreiständegesellschaft – 2 mass: Gottesdienst – 3 confession: Beichte – 4 to reign: regieren – 5 estates: Stände – 6 peasant: Bauer – 7 menial: Knecht – 8 to be dependent: unfrei sein, abhängig sein 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) I/B Columbia Tri Star/Album/AKG Knights in films Warner Brothers/Album/AKG M2 7 von 26 T H C I S N A R O M.G.M/Album/AKG V Tasks 1. Have a look at the pictures. What do they all have in common? 2. Name famous knights or characters of the Middle Ages. 3. Do you recognise any of the people in the pictures? Which famous knights or characters do they represent? 4. Why do you think that nowadays in the 20th and 21st centuries there are so many films about the Middle Ages and especially knights? 5. What makes medieval knights so fascinating for you personally? 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 I/B A castle plan VOR M4 9 von 26 T ICH ANS 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) This is what a castle looked like in the Middle Ages. Label the different parts of the castle in the picture. If you need help, look at the text “Castles in the Middle Ages” again. 14 von 26 M7 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 I/B The Great Hall A medieval castle had to have a Great Hall1. Read the text to find out why this room was so special. 5 10 The Great Hall was the most magnificent2 room of the castle. Feasts, banquets, wedding celebrations, receiving visiting nobles and holiday festivities would all be celebrated in the Great Hall. Expensive tapestries and silks3 lined the walls and while medieval castles were rather dark, the largest windows could be found in the Great Hall. Small wooden or stone benches were placed underneath these windows so that the guests could enjoy the view. Light for evening feasts and celebrations was provided by candles and oil lamps. Great Hall furnishings4 could be sparse5 but also very practical as large wooden tables and benches could easily be taken away to make room for dancing and entertainment. The castle lord6 and his family were seated on a raised table (high table) at the far end of the hall. A cupbearer7 made sure that the glasses were always filled with wine. Food was served on plates or trenchers8 – slices of stale bread which soaked up the grease9 from the food. Guests with good manners would share cups of wine and offer food from their own plates to a neighbour. People ate with their fingers or with knives and spoons. Forks were not used until the end of the Middle Ages. Text: Astrid Berkefeld T H C Annotations 1 Great Hall: Rittersaal – 2 magnificent: prunkvoll – 3 silks: eine Wandbespannung aus Seide – 4 furnishing: Einrichtung – 5 sparse: spärlich – 6 castle lord: Burgherr – 7 cupbearer: Mundschenk, Diener – 8 trencher: ein altes Stück Brot, aus dem ein Teller oder Gefäß geformt wurde – 9 grease: Fett I S N Tasks 1. You will be asked to present your room to a different group. Read the text silently and underline any information that is important for describing the room. A R O 2. Take down some notes for the presentation. 3. Compare and discuss your notes with the other group members. V 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) I/B M8 15 von 26 The castle chapel In medieval times people were very religious. Read the text to find out more about the importance of a chapel1. Most castles had a small chapel in which mass2 was held every morning for the castle lord3 and his family. Services for the rest of the castle residents were held in chapels in nearby villages or towns. 5 The chapel would typically be close to the Great Hall4 or the castle lord and lady’s chambers5. Painted walls, stained-glass6 windows and a golden cross on the altar made the chapel the most beautiful room in the castle. Religious ceremonies (also weddings) were performed by the castle chaplain7. Chaplains were one of the few people in the castle who could read and write. They were therefore also in charge of the castle documents. Text: Astrid Berkefeld Annotations 1 chapel: Kapelle – 2 mass: Messe, Gottesdienst – 3 castle lord: Burgherr – 4 Great Hall: Rittersaal – 5 chambers: Privatgemächer – 6 stained-glass: Buntglas – 7 chaplain: Kaplan T H C Tasks 1. You will be asked to present your room to a different group. Read the text silently and underline any information that is important for describing the room. I S N 2. Take down some notes for the presentation. 3. Compare and discuss your notes with the other group members. A R O V 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) I/B M9 17 von 26 Castle residents Have a look at the people who all live and work in medieval castles. First name the people then match the definitions to the pictures. Whose life do you think is most interesting? Explain. knight – cook – castle lady – squire – chaplain – watchman Cared for the children and looked after the castle when her husband was away. Held mass in the castle chapel. T H C I S N V A R O Roasted, broiled and cooked food in the fireplaces and ovens. A young man. He took care of the knight’s weapons, horse and armour. An official at the castle responsible for security. A professional soldier, usually on horseback. 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 Life and Government in the Middle Ages 3 Knights and Castles (Klasse 7) I/B M 11 21 von 26 An internet research on medieval tournaments Here is a picture of Sir Henry and Sir Arthur. They are talking about their sons, who do not know anything about medieval tournaments. Sir Henry: Good day to you, Sir Arthur. I really do not know what they are teaching the kids these days. My son is a page and training to be a knight but when I was talking to him the other day he really did not have a clue1 what jousting is, let alone what the aim2 of jousting is. Isn’t that terrible? Sir Arthur: I know, it is unbelievable3. My son did not even know what the aims of a tournament are, in other words, why knights fight in tournaments. I almost fell off my chair when I heard this. It is not surprising that he also had no idea what kind of weapons4 are used in tournaments and why. Sir Henry, have we failed as parents? Sir Henry: We most certainly haven’t, Sir Arthur. We do our best to defend5 our country and faith6, training our sons to become knights is somebody else’s job. That’s why we sent them away at the age of seven. And don’t forget, you are not the only knight whose son doesn’t know a thing about where the ladies sit at tournaments, what happens to the winner or if tournaments are fought in teams or as individuals. I really think we should have a serious word with our sons! Sir Arthur: Good idea! They have been too lazy. From now on they should work a lot harder. T H C Annotations I S N 1 clue: Ahnung – 2 aim: Ziel – 3 unbelievable: unglaublich – 4 weapon: Waffe – 5 to defend: verteidigen – 6 faith: Glaube The knight’s sons have a lot to learn! Read the text again and underline what they did not know. Then visit the following websites to find the answers. Write down everything you find out on the lines below. A R O http://tayci.tripod.com/joust.html http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/knights-tournaments.htm http://www.ahrtp.com/MedievalWarfareOnLine/index_5.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/10949/fief/medknight.html#tournaments V 4 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Juli 2008 T H C I S N A R O V