Chapter 6 - Portal Eleva

INGLÊS
Chapter 6
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Do you usually do everything on your own
or do you like to ask people about the
decisions you have to make?
Think about your day by day. Are you the kind of
person that decides everything instead of asking for
advices? In this chapter, we are going to learn about giving
advices, it is the third kind of modal verbs we are going
to study. Let’s check it out!
1. Vocabulary
©iStockphoto.com/sturti
Modal (III) / Vocabulary: advices
Objetivos:
–Ampliar o vocabulário;
–aprender o modal verb (should);
–desenvolver habilidades de interpretação.
Affirmative
Here are some of the verbs that we can use with
should.
allow
enjoy
stay
answer
feel
study
arrive
get
suffer
ask
go
talk
be
know
tell
borrow
leave
think about
brush
look for
tolerate
call
make
travel
come
pay
try
consider
play
use
cut
save
work
drive
see
eat
smoke
2. Modal (III)
Neste módulo serão aprendidos os verbos modais
usados para dar conselhos, são eles: should e shouldn’t.
A estrutura é semelhante, porém a forma negativa tem o
termo not após ao termo should.
Diferentemente de outros verbos da língua inglesa, a
palavra should não é variável e também não apresenta a
forma contracta.
Subject
Should
Verb
– infinitive
Complement
I / You
He / She / It
We / You /
They
should
study
harder.
Negative
Subject
Should
+ not
Verb
– infinitive
Complement
I / You
He / She / It
We / You /
They
shouldn’t
work
so much.
Interrogative
Should
Subject
Verb
– infinitive
Complement
Should
I / you
he / she / it
we / you /
they
use
sneakers or
sandals
Should e shouldn’t podem ser usados para expressar
frases no presente ou futuro sem interferência na estrutura:
• Present: You should try this chocolate. It’s delicious!
• Future: You should buy this chocolate when you go
to France. It’s delicious!
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©iStockphoto.com/MariaSbytova.com
E.g.: You shouldn’t smoke. It
is really bad for your health.
To make
recommendations
E.g.: On the day of the test,
you should arrive earlier
to find out where you are
supposed to go to.
We usually see the use of should in many songs.
Some of them are actually very famous.
©iStockphoto.com/Kevin Winter
Take a look at this Justin Bieber song:
©iStockphoto.com/CandyBoxImages
Give advice
©iStockphoto.com/Monkey Business Images
©iStockphoto.com/Ziga Lisjak
Apesar de parecer que é apenas usado para dar conselhos, should tem vários usos. Seguem alguns deles:
Expectation – probability
of happening in the future.
E.g.: His mother should
arrive soon. She left the
office about one hour ago.
Obligation (quando
usado como obrigação
não tem forma negativa)
E.g.: Eduard, you should
be at the dentist right
now, what are you doing
here?
That should be me, that should be me
That should be me feeling your kiss
That should be me buying you gifts”
That should be me
And how about this famous song by The Clash?
“That should be me
holding your hand
Should I stay or should I go?
That should be me
making you laugh
“Should I stay or should I go now?
That should be me,
this is so sad
If I go there will be trouble
Should I stay or should I go now?
An’ if I stay it will be double
So come on and let me know.”
In Portuguese, we use should in the same context
of “deveria”.
For example:
“I should study more” – “Eu deveria estudar mais.”
“You should eat more health food.” – “Você deveria
comer mais comidas saudáveis.”
“He should be at the doctor at 7 o’clock.” – “Ele
deveria estar no médico às 7 horas.”
That’s why we use the infinitive after should.
Modal (III) / Vocabulary: advices
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c. I am buying a car and I don’t know which one to buy.
d. I can’t choose where to go on my next vacation.
01 Write the meaning of each verb in the vocabulary
section.
02 Make five sentences related to your classroom or to
your school giving advices. Use should and shouldn’t:
©iStockphoto.com/Anna Poltoratskaya
03 Complete the sentences using should or shouldn’t,
according to the picture:
06 Give an advice to these sentences:
I have a toothache.
My back hurts so much.
I can’t find my key.
My car is in the car wash and I have to pick the kids
up at school.
e. This kitchen is a mess and my friend is stopping over.
a.
b.
c.
d.
07 Complete the dialogues using your words:
a. Mary: Ops! I spilled _______________________
Bob: Oh, no, you should ___________________
b. Joe: The dentist said I should _______________
Luke: That’s a good idea.
c. Bill: You should __________________________
Jenny: I know, but I don’t have the money right now.
Mary _____________ get a jacket, it is cold outside.
She _____________ take an umbrella with her and she
_____________ put all her papers inside her bag in
case it rains. She _____________ try to get a ride back
home so this way she doesn’t have to walk on the rain.
But she _____________ get a ride with a stranger. She
_____________ be worried because it is just a summer rain.
04 Use the modal to give advice for the following
sentences:
a. My friend Josh
(smoke),
it is so bad for his health.
(pay) this bill today,
b.They
it’s the last day.
(play) outside,
c. The kids
it is so cold today.
d.Marcos
(try) to lose
weight. He is getting really fat.
(save) more
e.People
money. I don’t know why they spend everything they
get.
05 Give some recommendations to these sentences:
a. I want to watch a movie this week; I just don’t know
which one yet.
b. George doesn’t know what he is going to study at
college.
d. Bianca: Kids, don’t you think you shouldn’t ______?
Your dad is going to be angry with you.
08 Write sentences related to expectations using the
words below:
a.
b.
c.
d.
boyfriend / post card / Europe / arrive / soon
cake / ready / about 2 hours
doctor’s secretary / call / me / any minute
diet / lose / 10 kilos / a month
01 Identify the idea in the following sentence: “Donna,
you should try this English course I told you about.
I think you will like it.”
(A)obligation
(B) expectation
(C)advice
(D)recommendation
02 Complete this sentence: “You should_______ some
time off.”
(A)take
(B) took
(C)taken
(D)taking
(E) to take
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03 The modal verb is correct used in:
(A) You should came to Brazil next summer.
(B) The boy shouldn’t talks to them.
(C) Where do you think she should go?
(D) I should to pay him back.
(E) They shouldn’t needed a jacket.
(A)conselho.
(B)recomendação.
(C)necessidade.
(D)expectativa.
(E)obrigação.
08 ©iStockphoto.com/wildpixel
04 The sentence that best reflects the picture is:
07 In the sentence “The students should finish these
projects soon”, a palavra destacada significa:
(A) Marcos loves French fries, they should be good.
(B) Marcos shouldn’t buy French fries, they should be
bad.
(C) Marcos shouldn’t eat French fries, they so unhealthy.
(D) Marcos should avoid French fries, they are unhealthy.
(E) Marcos heart doesn’t like French fries, it shouldn’t
eat it.
05 The sentence: “My kids should try this new sport.”
can be translated as:
(A) Meus filhos deveriam treinar este novo esporte.
(B) Meus filhos deveriam treinar um novo esporte.
(C) Meus filhos deveriam tentar este novo esporte.
(D) Meus filhos deveriam experimentar este novo esporte.
(E) todas estão corretas.
06 Complete the sentence:
“His grades are the worst in his class, __________.”
(A) he shouldn’t study so much.
(B) he should study later.
(C) he shouldn’t be effort.
(D) he should come over.
(E) he should try harder.
Available at: <guffingtonpost.com>.
No trecho do primeiro quadrinho “This should be the last
load”, a palavra “should” indica uma ideia de:
(A)dúvida.
(B)solicitação.
(C)obrigação.
(D)recomendação.
(E)expectativa.
Text i
We can change the world
All for one and one for all is what we all should be.
But instead we go and fight each other.
Now, that wasn’t meant to be.
You know, the sun is there to light the day.
The night is lit by the moon.
If we don’t come together, my brother, it all can end
very soon.
It’s your world now.
The future is plain to see.
Modal (III) / Vocabulary: advices
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©iStockphoto.com/Lisa-Blue
Chapter 6
Give love right now.
We need the harmony.
Some of us have a heart of stone and feel as cold as ice.
Love can make a change in you, take a wrong and
make things right.
If you only knew how it was planned for life to really
be,
You would join in, you won’t hesitate, you would help
bring the harmony.
Michael Jackson
01 Fill in the parentheses with T (true) or F (false).
This is an excerpt of one of Michael Jackson’s famous hits.
It’s correct to say that the author of the lyrics of this song:
(
(
(
(
) is against any kind of war.
) emphasizes the importance of solidarity.
) realizes it’s worthless pursuing harmony.
) encourages people to make a better world.
According to the song, the correct sequence, from top
to bottom, is:
(A) T – T – T – T.
(B) F – T – T – F.
(C) F – F – T – T.
(D) T – T – F – T.
(E) T – F – F – T.
Text II
The thought of exercise doesn’t make everyone jump
with joy. But don’t believe that you were just born with a
rubbish-at-sport gene – there’s an activity out there to suit
everyone. It’s time to stop making excuses.
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The excuses
“None of my friends or family do it.” Be a trailblazer!
They might be inspired by your example and take it up
themselves. If your friends and family make offhand
remarks about fit folk, it might be because they’re jealous.
“It’s sore/uncomfortable/sweaty.” It should never be
sore for long or uncomfortable, and feeling a bit stiff after
activity is natural. Yes, activity does make you sweat, but, if
you’re enjoying yourself, you probably won’t notice – and
everyone else is sweaty too.
“I don’t want muscles.” Being fit and having bulgy
muscles don’t necessarily go together. To get big muscles
you would have to do a programme of specific exercises.
“I’m overweight/skinny/disabled.” Don’t worry about
what you think you look like – get in there and enjoy
yourself. If you’re genuinely very overweight, not just a
stone or less, talk to your doctor and tell them what you
want to do. If you’re disabled don’t let yourself be cut out
of the action – getting fit benefits everyone.
“I don’t like joining in teams.” Fine. If teams leave
you cold, check out activities you can do by yourself or
with a friend.
“I’d rather play with the computer/watch TV/talk to
my mates.” It doesn’t have to be either/or. You can do both.
Available at: <www.bbc.co.uk>. Aces on: 06 set. 2006.
Glossary:
trailblazer – pioneiro, desbravador.
stiff – teso, com dificuldade de movimentos.
offhand – improvisado, repentino.
bulgy – estufado, saliente, bojudo.
02 The text explicitly says that people:
(A) needn’t start a fitness programme to get healthy.
(B) mustn’t get into action to avoid being overweight.
(C) shouldn’t find excuses to escape from exercises.
(D) couldn’t get fit in order to enjoy themselves.
(E) don’t have to do exercises when they don’t want to.
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Chapter 7
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Do you remember Present continuous?
To represent the things we are doing now or at this
moment, we use Present continuous. It is a very simple
structure and it is important because it is used to represent
actions which are in progress right now. We are always
doing something. Right now, for example, you are reading
this text and at the same time you are studying English.
In this chapter, we are going to review it, but, if you didn’t
see it in the past, don’t worry. How about learning it now?
©iStockphoto.com/LawrenceSawyer
Present continuous / Vocabulary:
clothes
Objetivos:
–Estudar o Present continuous;
–adquirir vocabulário sobre vestimentas;
–desenvolver habilidades de interpretação.
1. Present continuous – ação presente em progresso
O Present continuous indica a ideia de uma situação que começou no passado e que ainda está acontecendo, ou
seja, que está em progresso.
A estrutura verbal se faz da seguinte forma:
1.1 Affirmative
Subject
be (present)
I
am
You
are
He / She / it
is
We / You / They
are
verb+ing
complement
studying
Math at school.
E.g.:
My father is watching TV.
Donna is talking on the telephone.
1.2 Interrogative
Be
(present)
subject
Am
I
Are
you
Is
he / she / it
Are
we / you / they
verb+ing
complement
short answers
Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
studying
Math
at school?
Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Yes, he (she, it) is. / No, he (she, it) isn’t.
Yes, we (you, they) are. / No, we (you, they) aren’t.
Present continuous / Vocabulary: clothes
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E.g.:
Are Joanna and Bill eating pizza with their friends? Yes, they are.
Is Bernardo taking the test? No, he isn’t.
1.3 Interrogative with WH
Wh
be (present)
subject
verb+ing
complement
What
am
I
doing
right now?
Where
are
you
going
right now?
Where
is
he / she / it
going
right now?
Why
are
we / you / they
playing
outside?
E.g.:
What are you talking about?
Where is she taking the test?
Who is Marcos talking to?
1.4 Negative
Subject
be (present) + not
I
am not
You
are not (aren’t)
He / She / It
is not (isn’t)
We / You / They
are not (aren’t)
verb+ing
complement
watching TV
now.
E.g.:
You aren’t playing computer games, are you?
Michael isn’t listening to music.
E.g.: “Marcos está dançando com Paula.”
“Marcos is dancing with Paula.”
The verb to be (in this case meaning “estar”) is used
the same way.
The continuous part of this structure is related to all
the “ando, endo e indo” that we use in Portuguese, but
the three endings in English becomes only: –ing, which
is added to all the main verbs in the sentence.
E.g.:
andar – walk andando – walking
comer – eat
comendo – eating
partir – leave
partindo – leaving
As you could see in the case of “partir”, in some cases
the ending –ing are exceptions to the rules:
• If the verb ends in -e, we drop the letter -e and add
-ing.
©iStockphoto.com/DaydreamsGirl
So, the idea of present continuous in English is very
similar to the idea in Portuguese:
E.g.: dance – dancing
The girl is dancing.
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If the verb is a one syllable verb and it ends with a
vowel and a consonant, the consonant is doubled.
•
If the verb is a two syllable verb, ends with a vowel
and a consonant and the second syllable is stressed,
we double the consonant.
©iStockphoto.com/LyubovKobyakova
•
©iStockphoto.com/inhauscreative
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E.g.: stop – stopping
The police officer is
stopping you.
E.g.: prefer – preferring
She is preferring
apples than donuts.
• If the verb ends in -ie,
change the -ie for -y and
add the -ing.
E.g.: lie – lying
2. Present continuous – ação
presente, mas não em progresso
O Present continuous também pode ser usado
para se referir a uma ação presente que pode estar
acontecendo no momento em que se fala ou durante um
período maior. Seguem alguns exemplos para melhor
entendimento:
E.g.:
My mom is teaching at this school now. (Pode
significar que ela está dando aula no presente
momento, mas também pode significar que ela
agora é funcionária dessa escola).
I’m visiting my cousins in America. (Pode indicar
que ele está literalmente na casa de seus primos
no momento, mas também pode indicar que ele
está nos Estados Unidos passeando, mas não
necessariamente na casa de seus primos no prezado
momento.)
©iStockphoto.com/Yobro10
At t his ver y
moment that I am
writing this text, I am
talking to my son about
doing his homework.
He is playing soccer
inside my room, can
you believe it? It is the
truth, he manages to do it quite well.
My daughter is drawing a picture to represent
a book she’s reading and I am here trying to write
something interesting for you that are reading it right
now. The sun is shining outside, the dog is barking
for my neighbor and my husband is watching a soccer
game on TV.
I usually do at least two things at the same time.
At the same time I’m writing, I’m also answering the
phone and listening to my daughter, who is explaining
her picture to me. That’s a mother’s life, busy all the
time, but I love it.
Present continuous / Vocabulary: clothes
INGLÊS
Chapter 7
3. Vocabulary – Clothes and appearance
Clothes
Blouse
Jeans
Coat
Pants
Shorts
Skirt
Dress
Jacket
Pyjamas
Shirt
Socks
Suit
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Chapter 7
Sweater
Swimsuit
T-Shirt
Boots
High Heels
Shoes
Flip-Flop
Sandals
Trainers
Belt
Cap
Shoes
Accessories
Bag
Present continuous / Vocabulary: clothes
INGLÊS
Chapter 7
Earrings
Necklace
Tights
Glasses
Ring
Umbrella
Gloves
Scarf
Watch
Hand bag
Sunglasses
Hat
Tie
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Chapter 7
4. Simple present ×
Present continuous
É preciso saber diferenciar quando deve-se usar o
presente simples e quando usar o presente contínuo.
Dessa forma, há alguns dados muito importantes a serem
lembrados:
Simple present:
•
•
•
•
used for habits and routines;
day by day activities;
expressions of frequency;
adverbs of frequency.
Present continuous:
•
•
•
•
used to talk about actions in progress right now;
used to talk about actions in progress at a certain
time that began in the past and it is not finished yet;
uses of verb BE + VERB-ING;
adverbs of time.
Texto i
Answer questions from 01 to 03 according to the text
below:
©iStockphoto.com/alexsl
We are living in an
era where everything
seems to be very easy.
We are having access
to so many things
at once: Whatsapp,
Facebook, internet
that comes directly
on our phones and
we have access to
information so fast that we don’t even know if we should
answer it immediately or whether we should think a little
bit more about it.
All this is wonderful and it is almost impossible to
leave the house without our cell phone. If we forget this
apparatus at home, we definitely tend to return to pick it
up. We are getting addicted to this machine that brings
instantaneous news. It seems like it’s getting impossible
not to participate in such agility and flexibility. We are
not able to realize yet, the great danger that is behind all
this: a stressed society that wants everything on time and
that, above all, we are exchanging health, family, friends,
and a more peaceful life to stay “connected” all the time,
with everyone, at the same time.
Are we asking too much of ourselves? Sometimes I
wish I could just go away for a quiet town leaving this
futuristic life behind.
01 Which kind of electronic devices do you use daily?
02 Do you think you are getting addicted to these
devices? Why? (responda em português)
03 Find 3 sentences in the text with Present continuous
and 3 sentences with Simple present:
04 Write these words in order to make sentences:
a. about / what / talking / you / are / ?
b. now / sister / right / my / groceries / doing / isn’t /
the
c. city / now / are / living / you / this / in / ?
d. reading / you / which / are / book / ?
e. not / anything / he / about / is / complaining
05 Complete the sentences using Simple present or
Present continuous:
a. Jorge always _________________ (go) to school by
car, but today he ___________________ the bus
(take).
b. Maria __________________ (play) tennis with her
brother. She never ________________ (win).
c. What _________________________ (you/think)
about? You usually ________________ (daydream)
a lot.
d. Tom _______________ (sleep) at his friend’s house.
His mother sometimes ______________ (allow) him
that.
06 Complete as sentenças usando o presente contínuo:
a. Deborah _________________________ (watch) a
movie right now.
b. Joshua and his friend ________________________
(play) soccer outside.
c. Jana ________________________ (eat) a sandwich
with her friends at the moment.
d. Where ___________________________ (you –
take) the dog to?
e. I _______________ (understand / not) the exercises,
could you explain it again?
Present continuous / Vocabulary: clothes
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Chapter 7
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©iStockphoto.com/Wavebreak Media LTD
a.
d.
©iStockphoto.com/Alija
07 Write what each one is doing according to the
pictures:
95
b.
©iStockphoto.com/oleg66
08 Transform these sentences into Present continuous
sentences:
a.
b.
c.
d.
They drive very fast.
He doesn’t speak fluent English.
Who do you play tennis with?
His parents eat sandwiches in the kitchen.
09 Make sentences in the Present continuous using the
words listed:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mariana / to eat / delicious / cake / party.
I / to watch / soccer match / right now.
Rodrigo / not / to cook / lunch / for you.
you / to get / water / me / ?
c.
©iStockphoto.com/Yuri
01 Complete with Present progressive or Simple present:
Maria and her friend ________________ (plan) a trip to
Alaska. They _____________ (love) traveling.
(A) plans / are loving
(B) are planning / love
(C) plan / loves
(D) is planning / loves
(E) planning / are loving
02 The sentence that is grammatically correct is:
(A) They are always travel to Japan.
(B) Why aren’t they jump so high?
(C) Monica isn’t read her book anymore.
(D) The Dominic family is travel to Japan.
(E) Peter isn’t training with us.
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03 In the sentence: “Jonathan usually _______ computer
games at home.”
(A) is playing
(B)plays
(C)play
(D) is planning
(E)playing
04 Em qual alternativa o Present continuous deve ser
usado?
(A) Joana ____________ (wait) for us near the bank right
now.
(B) We ____________ (talk) about you when she called.
(C) They Jacksons ____________ (compose) a new dance
music at that time.
(D)Where ____________ she usually ____________
(buy) those fruits?
08 Complete the sentences using present continuous
and the verbs listed:
try – choose – write – wash – look
a. Jonathan ___________________________ a nice
book about science fiction.
b. Scientists ____________________________ a new
vaccine for Cancer treatment.
c. Lorena ____________________________ (not) at
you.
d. Which clothes ___________________ (you) right
now?
e. They ______________________________ all the
dishes for me.
©iStockphoto.com/TERADAT SANTIVIVUT
05 Complete the sentences using Present continuous:
a. My cat __________________ its food now. (eat)
b. Vanessa and her boyfriend __________________
their home now. (leave)
c. Josh’s friend __________________ his mom at this
moment. (call)
d. Where __________________, Steve? (you / go)
e. I __________________ anything. (not / buy)
f. __________________ to me? (you / listen)
06 Complete the dialogue using Present continuous:
Adam: What __________ (do)?
Brian: I __________ (talk) to you on the phone.
Adam: That’s funny. __________ (study) for the test?
Brian: Yes, I ______,_________________ (your mother
/ listen) to our conversation?
Adam:I’m not sure. Mom, _____________ (listen) to our
conversation?
Mrs Fleming: No, I _______. I __________ (try) to make
a phone call.
07 Marque a alternativa em que todos os verbos estão
na forma correta do gerúndio:
(A) playing / arriving / meeting / begining
(B) studing / watching / washing / cooking
(C) stoping / buying / enjoying / begging
(D) starting / opening / dreaming / controlling
(E) repling / raining / hoping / injuring
Has technology ruined childhood?
Today, parents are increasingly worried about the
safety of their children, and because of this, they are not
letting their children out to play. As a result, children are
no longer playing outside but shutting themselves away
in their rooms and losing themselves in individualistic
activities such as television viewing and computer games.
Yet, if they had the chance, they would rather get out
of the house and go to the cinema, see friends or play
sport. In fact, when asked what their idea of a good day
was, only 1 in 7 said that they would turn on the television.
British teenagers have always retreated to their
bedrooms, leaving the younger children to play in
communal spaces such as the sitting room, garden or
kitchen. However, children from the age of 9 are now
turning to their bedrooms as a place to socialise.
Present continuous / Vocabulary: clothes
INGLÊS
Chapter 7
Bedroom culture is a phenomenon of the past 20 years
with families getting smaller and homes getting more
spacious. Increasing prosperity has also contributed to
the rise of the bedroom culture.
Of British children aged 6 to 17, 72% have a room
they do not have to share with a sibling, 68% have their
own music installation, 34% have an electronic games
controller hooked up to the television, 21% have a PC.
Only 1%, on the other hand, have an Internet connection
in their bedroom.
On average children devote 5 hours a day to screen
media. Even so, only 1 child in 100 can be classed as a real
screen addict, a child who spends a worrying 7 hours or
more watching TV or playing computer games.
Although children generally have a few favourite
programmes, they mostly use television to kill time
when they are bored and have nothing special to do.
Moreover, the distinction between individualistic media
use and social activities such as chatting with friends is
less extreme than is commonly assumed. Children gossip
about television soap characters, make contact with other
children on the Internet, and visit friends to admire their
new computer games.
97
8º Ano
As a result of the bedroom culture, it is becoming rarer
for children over the age of 10 to watch television with
their parents. Once in their rooms, children tend to stay up
watching television for as long as they wish. Consequently
it is getting harder to control children’s viewing.
One father told researchers that he drew the line at
9 pm. His son, on the other hand, said: “They tell us to
go up at about 9.30 or 10 or something, and then we just
watch until they come up and tell us to switch it off at 11
or 11.30.”
01 Choose the alternative in which the highlighted word
-ing form is an example of the present continuous:
(A) “a child who spends a worrying 7 hours or more”
(paragraph 6)
(B)“increasing prosperity has also contributed to the rise
of ” (paragraph 4)
(C) “children from the age of 9 are now turning to their
bedrooms” (paragraph 3)
(D) “children say they still enjoy reading” (paragraph 8)
(E) “harder to control children’s viewing” (paragraph 9)
02 What are you doing in your life that is similar to what
the text indicates?
As the use of PCs proliferates, reading skills are
expected to suffer. Nevertheless, 57% of children say they
still enjoy reading, and 1 in 5 teenagers can be classed as
a book-lover.
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INGLÊS
Chapter 8
98
Simple past – To be /
Vocabulary: places in a town
Where were you? Who was that guy with
you? How was your class?
These are day by day questions. “Aonde você estava?
Quem era aquele cara com você? Como foi a aula?” I am
sure your parents ask you those questions all the time. We
are going to study these ones and many other questions
and sentences in the Simple past. I am sure you are going
to learn it very quickly. Check it out!
1. Simple past
©iStockphoto.com/Monkey Business Images
8º Ano
Objetivos:
–Estudar o Simple past utilizando o verbo to be;
–ampliar vocabulário com termos relacionados a lugares;
–desenvolver habilidades de interpretação.
2.1 Affirmative
O passado simples é uma estrutura verbal na qual a
ação aconteceu em algum momento específico no passado
e terminou no passado.
*
passado
Subject
be (past)
I
was
You
were
He / She / It
was
We / You / They
were
complement
happy last nigth.
E.g.: Mariah and Jimmy were the 5th grade teachers.
2.2 Negative
presente
2. Simple past – Verb be
O verbo “be” é muito importante e ele por si só
constrói as frases em afirmativa, negativa e interrrogativa,
ou seja, as frases que tem o verbo “be” não requerem verbo
auxiliar. Quando o verbo “be” é colocado antes do sujeito,
ele torna a frase interrogativa e, quando acrescentado de
“not”, ele torna a frase negativa.
O passado simples do verbo “to be” possui a seguinte
estrutura verbal:
Subject
be (past)
I
was
You
were
He / She / It
was
We / You / They
were
not
complement
not
happy last nigth.
E.g.: Mariah wasn’t a teacher two years ago.
2.3 Interrogative
Be (past)
subject
Was
I
Were
you
Was
he / she / it
Were
we / you / they
complement?
short answers
Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
happy last night?
E.g.: Were they teachers last year? Yes, they were.
Yes, you are. / No, you are not (aren’t).
Yes, he (she, it) is. / No, he (she, it) isn’t.
Yes, we (you, they) are. / No, we (you, they) aren’t.
INGLÊS
99
2.4 Interrogative with WH
subject
complement
When
was
I
Where
were
you
was
he / she / it
were
we / you / they
Bank
Clothes shop
Car park
©iStockphoto.com/06photo
©iStockphoto.com/Rene Mansi
Supermarket
©iStockphoto.com/tibor5
©iStockphoto.com/Maxiphoto
Restaurant
Mall
©iStockphoto.com/Roberto A Sanchez
Bus station
©iStockphoto.com/Holger Mette
Post office
©iStockphoto.com/AlinaSolovyova-Vincent
Police station
©iStockphoto.com/wolv
3. Vocabulary – Places in a town
School
In Portuguese, we use two verbs to represent the
verb “be”, which are: “ser” and “estar”. Just like we use
“manga” referring to a sleeve of shirt and “manga”
referring to the fruit. It is one word meaning two
things.
This verb is one of the most important verbs we
have in English because it is used in many different
structures. You are going to see the use of this verb in
the Simple present, Simple past, Present continuous,
Past continuous and many others.
In Portuguese, the verb “be” for each person has
to be memorized like this:
Presente
Eu sou
Eu estou
Tu és
Tu estás
Ele é
Ele está
Ela é
Ela está
Nós somos
Nós estamos
Vós sois
Vós estais
Eles são
Eles estão
©iStockphoto.com/Deklofenak
E.g.: Who was happy? Jimmy was happy.
How was he? He was happy.
Cinema
©iStockphoto.com/MonkeyBusinessImages
Shopping center
©iStockphoto.com/nelsonarts
What time
Train station
8º Ano
happy?
©iStockphoto.com/Silasyeung
Wh-word be (past)
Cafe
©iStockphoto.com/kgelati1
Chapter 8
©iStockphoto.com/ChristiK
Simple past – To be / Vocabulary: places in a town
100 INGLÊS
Chapter 8
Passado
Eu estava
Tu estavas
Ele estava
Ela estava
Nós estávamos
Vós estáveis
Eles estavam
Texto i
The house of Mrs.
Santos was very strange.
The doors were on the
ground, the dogs were
in the house, living in
the main bathroom, I
think. Several tiles were
broken. Her children, who were barely at home because
they were in college, after that phone call they never
returned. What a strange thing, such a healthy woman
and suddenly, out of nowhere, she dies.
©iStockphoto.com/mtreasure
Eu era
Tu eras
Ele era
Ela era
Nós éramos
Vós éreis
Eles eram
Take a look how easy it is in English:
Present
I am
Past
I was
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Simple, right? And you still think English is a
difficult language? Think again!
She was alone for a few years, but she wasn’t a lonely
person, she was so happy. It was her who used to take
care of her garden. Every day she was there, with rain or
sunshine she was there with those flowers, taking care,
planting, and cultivating them. It was a very beautiful
thing to see. Yesterday I was at herhouse; the beautiful
flowers were now, almost dying. The garden itself was
full of scattered leaves. The wonderful garden wasn’t there
anymore.
Answer the questions from 01 to 04, according to the text:
©iStockphoto.com/monkeybusinessimages
8º Ano
He was a nice
kid. I do not know
w hy p e opl e we re
afraid of him. He was
smart, fun, friendly,
but something was
wrong. He was always
alone at the school
break, but at the same
time he was with lots
of people because
he was with his cell
phone in his hands all the time, and that was enough,
I think.
The phone was day and night in his power. His
mother said that he sometimes spends the whole night
chatting online. Maybe that was his problem; he had
exchanged his real friends for virtual ones.
01 Where was Mrs. Santos?
02 Who was at her garden every day?
03 What was her hobby? (Responda em português)
04 How were the flowers of the woman’s garden?
(Responda em português)
05 Complete the sentences according to the vocabulary:
a. Mary does all the shopping for her house at the
__________________________
b. They don’t want to go to the _________. They don’t
like polices at all.
c. Why don’t we go to the ____________? There is a
new movie I want to watch.
d. The ________________ we usually go to is near my
house. My friends and I go there on Wednesdays
afternoon to chat.
e. I am so hungry. Can we go to the _____, please?
Simple past – To be / Vocabulary: places in a town
INGLÊS
Chapter 8
Bill’s car is at the ______________________.
g. Where is the _______________________? I have to
send a letter to my cousin.
h. The Paris _____________________ is excellent. I go
by train to everywhere.
i. The _____________________ in Belo Horizonte is
quite big, but I don’t travel by bus very often.
j.
8º Ano
c.Wh e re
t h e g ard e n e r ? He
_______________ (not) at the garden.
d. That cheese bread from yesterday
delicious.
09 Complete the text below using the Simple past of the
verb be:
©iStockphoto.com/pflorendo
f.
101
Jolene goes to the ______________ a lot. She loves
buying clothes.
k. You can buy these products at the ____________. It
is not as big as the mall, but it is good.
l. Do you have to go to the _______________ to pay
the bill or can you do it on the internet?
m. Diana´s husband hates going to _______________,
his wife buys all his clothes for him.
n. My nephew doesn’t like the ____________ he goes
to.
06 Complete the sentences using was, wasn’t, were,
weren’t:
a. His father
b. The students
bad grades.
c. What time
at home because he
at a school meeting.
very happy with the
they at the park?
d.
Miss Sullivan with you?
e.How
t h e k i d s w it h y o u ?
they ok?
f.I
sure if the homework
for today or not.
07 Make sentences using the vocabulary in this chapter
and the words listed:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bob / get money
Lizi and Tim / buy fruits / their home
They / meet their friends / for a coffee.
Peter and his friends / extra class.
08 Complete the sentences using the verb be in the Past
simple:
a. John is very tired today. Yesterday he ___________
at the mall for Christmas presents.
b. Jimmy and Joshua __________ at school last night.
There was a concert there.
Tutti _______ a good dog. Monica ___________ his
owner. She ________ a very beautiful and nice girl and
she __________ very happy with Tutti. She ________ on
her sofa and Tutti ________ with her. They ___________
at the living room, but someone ____________ outside.
When Monica opened the door for the mail man,
Tutti went outside. Monica looked everywhere. Tutti
_________ (not) in the car, he ___________ (not) on
the tree, he _____________ (not) behind the bed. She
__________ so sad. So she called her friend Jenny and
she said Tutti __________ there.
10 Answer the questions about yourself:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Were you in Japan last year?
Was your best friend with you last night?
Where were you last Friday?
What was the dinner at your home yesterday?
How was your father after the soccer game last week?
Which team was the winner of your State Championship?
11 Write these words in order to make sentences:
a. school / was / Mr. Wilson / teacher / was / an / I /
excellent / when / at
b. results / Amber / test / and / the / her / about / sure/
friend / weren’t
102
8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 8
c. kids / where / his / were / and / Mr. Watson / ?
d. wedding / his / brother / his / sister / and / at / weren’t
01 Mark the option that fits better in the sentence,
“Mariana’s mother _________ very happy because she
_____________ the best student in her class.”
(A) was / wasn’t
(B) wasn’t / was
(C) were / were
(D) was / was
(E) weren’t / weren’t
02 Indique a alternativa que melhor representa a
tradução para: “She was at school last night while her son
was at home.”:
(A) Ela estava na escola ontem à noite enquanto seu filho
estava em casa.
(B) Ela estava na escola noite passada enquanto o filho
dela estava casa.
(C) Ela era da escola da noite enquanto o filho dela era
da casa.
(D) Era ela na noite da escola enquanto era o filho dela
em casa.
(E) Ela estava na escola com seu filho que estava em casa.
03 Complete with verb be in the Past simple:
“My son Kevin ________________ at the cinema with
his friend Dan. They ________________ the first in line
to get the tickets when I called.
04 In the sentence “Where were John and his friends?”,
the verb were means:
(A)estava
(B)era
(C)eram
(D)estavam
(E)estivera
05 Are these sentences written correct or incorrect?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Marcos were so hungry yesterday.
The brothers were sick last night.
Julia wasn’t at the beach last month.
My cousin was at the mall with her parents yesterday.
06 The sentence that best answer the question “Who was
that guy with you?” is:
(A) That was my cat.
(B) The guy was with me.
(C) Who was my boyfriend.
(D) He was with me.
(E) That guy was Mike.
07 Complete: “The rabbits _______________ out of
their cage, but they _____________ happy.”
(A) were / weren’t
(B) was / wasn’t
(C) weren’t / weren’t
(D) was / were
(E) were / was
08 The diagram _________________ completely wrong.
______________ it incomplete?
(A) were / Was
(B) be / Were
(C) were / Were
(D) was / Were
(E) was / Was
Texto para responder às questões a seguir:
“The books _____all over the table, but Josh ______
(not) there anymore. He _______ at his friend’s house.
His exercises _______ very difficult. Josh’s friend ______
an expert in Math.”
01 Complete the sentence using the Past simple of verb
be.
02 A melhor tradução para essa frase seria:
(A) Os livros estavam todos na mesa, mas Josh não se
encontrava. Ele estava na casa do seu amigo. Os
exercícios de seu amigo eram muito difíceis. Os
amigos eram muito espertos em massa.
(B) Os livros estavam espalhados pela mesa, mas Josh
não estava mais lá. Ele estava na casa do seu amigo.
Seus exercícios estavam muito difíceis. O amigo do
Josh era um especialista em Matemática.
(C) Os livros estavam sobre a mesa, mas Josh não estava
lá não. Ele estava na casa do amigo. Os exercícios
dele estavam difíceis. O amigo de Josh é expert em
Matemática.
(D) Os livros estavam do outro lado da mesa, mas Josh
não estava lá. Ele estava na casa de um amigo. Os
exercícios desse amigo eram muito difíceis. O amigo
do Josh é mais do que experto.
INGLÊS
Chapter 9
103
8º Ano
Do you know where the book is located in
the pictures?
If you don’t know the prepositions of place, it will
be very difficult for you to explain to someone where
something is located, right? In this chapter, we are going
to learn about them.
The prepositions of place are used before the noun to
indicate where something is located, for example: your
mother lost her purse and you know where it is. You are
going to use these prepositions to explain to her. We use
prepositions of place every day. How about learning some
of them?
©iStockphoto.com/ChristopherBernard
Prepositions of place /
Vocabulary: friends and false
friends
Objetivos:
–Estudar preposições que são utilizadas com termos
referentes a locais (prepositions of place);
–ampliar vocabulário com friends and false friends;
–desenvolver o hábito da leitura e interpretação de texto.
As preposições de lugar são usadas para indicar a
posição de alguém ou algum objeto. Elas vêm depois do
verbo e antes do substantivo que indica lugar, fazendo a
ligação entre os dois.
2. Rules
At – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto ou animal
em um ponto fixo, ou um ponto de referência.
In – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto ou animal
dentro (inside) de algum lugar ou envolvido (involved)
por esse lugar.
Some uses of in:
at the school
at the park
at the library
at the zoo
at the office
©iStockphoto.com/stakan
E.g.:
The guy is at the park.
Kyle is at the school.
in the restaurant
in the classroom
in the bedroom
in Italy
in the box
in the bag
in the car
in the taxi
in bed
in the bathroom
E.g.:
The teacher is in the
classroom. (ela está
envolvida pelas paredes
da sala de aula)
©iStockphoto.com/clu
Examples when to use at:
at the corner
at the restaurant
at the bus stop
at the bookstore
at the door
©iStockphoto.com/Debenport
1. Prepositions of place
104
INGLÊS
Chapter 9
next to / by – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto
ou animal que está ao lado de um referencial.
©iStockphoto.com/Lerche&Johnson
Some cases with the use of next to or by are:
next to the door
next to the house
next to me
next to the park
Some uses of on:
on the table
on the train
on the page
on the floor
The telephone is next to
the computer.
on the bus
on the boat
on the corner
on the wall
©iStockphoto.com/aaron007
E.g.:
She is on the bus. (ela
está em cima da plataforma do ônibus, ou seja,
ela pode ficar em pé na
plataforma e por isso
usa-se on e não in)
in front of – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto
ou animal em frente a algo, alguém ou algum animal. As
faces estão voltadas para a mesma direção.
Under – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto ou
animal embaixo de algum referencial.
Some uses of under:
under the tree
under the box
under the sea
Is your car parked by
mine?
©iStockphoto.com/Klubovy
The book is on the table.
Joana sits next to David.
under the table
under the dog
Some possibilities related to in front of:
in front of the house
in front of the bank
in front of me
in front of the mirror
in front of the TV
in front of John
E.g.:
©iStockphoto.com/nojustice
E.g.:
The presents are under
the Christmas tree.
©iStockphoto.com/triloks
E.g.:
©iStockphoto.com/Christopher Futcher
On – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto ou animal
em cima de algo.
by the door
by the house
by me
by the park
©iStockphoto.com/IvanMikhaylov
My daughter is in bed.
(ela está envolvida pela
cama e cobertas)
They are in front of their
house.
©iStockphoto.com/Courtney Keating
8º Ano
Prepositions of place /
Vocabulary: friends and false friends
INGLÊS
©iStockphoto.com/ilyast
That car in front of us is
broken.
Behind – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto ou
animal que está atrás de algum referencial.
behind him
behind Marcia
behind the TV
behind my car
©iStockphoto.com/Damir Cudic
behind the desk
The teacher is between
Paul and Mary.
Opposite – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto ou
animal do outro lado de, ou do lado oposto a algo, alguém ou
algum animal. Ou seja, um com a frente voltada para o outro.
E.g.:
The use of opposite as a preposition of place:
The bank is opposite the park.
The board is opposite the fans. (O quadro está em
uma parede oposta à parede em que os ventiladores
se encontram)
©iStockphoto.com/Lios
The dog is between my
legs.
©iStockphoto.com/Monkey Business Images
Donna is behind the man
wearing suit.
©iStockphoto.com/Kativ
E.g.:
Hana is behind the door.
8º Ano
Between – indica a posição de uma pessoa, objeto ou
animal entre dois ou mais referenciais.
E.g.:
Marcia sits between Richard and Ronald.
The towels are here, between the chairs and me.
My house is between the bank and Joshua’s house.
(o banco está de um lado, a casa do Joshua está de
outro e a minha casa está no meio).
Some possibilities related to behind:
behind the book
105
Chapter 9
My house is opposite the church. (está do outro lado
da rua)
My brother lives in an apartment behind the
Empire State Building in New York. He really loves
that city.
There are always excellent musicals on Broadway
Street and he and his wife Dena buy really cheap
tickets at the TKTS Booth which is in front of the
building where he works. Dena works at a very nice
French restaurant next to Macy’s.
New York is definitely one of the most beautiful
and interesting cities to be at. That’s why I visit my
brother every year.
106
8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 9
3. Friends and false friends
As we saw in the chapter 2, some words are called
friend words because they are similar to our language
and the meaning is the same. The false friends are the
words that are similar to our language, but the meaning
is different. Some more words that are called false friends
or false cognates:
A
Agenda – parte do que será feito no dia, pauta de
alguma reunião
Application – inscrição
Avocado – abacate
B
Beef – carne bovina
Some words are similar to our language, but they do
not always mean the same thing. Imagine if you don’t
know what the words really mean and you simply make
use of the words as if they are the same in our language.
Here is a good example. Take a look at this conversation between an American girl and a Brazilian girl
who is visiting her aunt in the USA:
C
Cafeteria – refeitório
Chef – chefe de cozinha
Costume – fantasia (roupa, traje)
E
Exit – saída
Exquisite – refinado, chique
F
File – arquivo
G
Gratuity – gorjeta
I
Injury – ferimento
L
Library – biblioteca
Location – localização
Catherine: Roberta, do you know the location of
the party?
Roberta: No, I am not locating any car to go to the
party. Are you?
Catherine: What do you mean? I think it is in that
exquisite house next to the bank.
Roberta: Exquisite house? So I’m not going to this
party. Do you have the costume to go there?
Catherine: Which costume? It is not a costume
party. Doesn’t matter. By the way, tomorrow I am going
to the cafeteria. The avocado they have there is very
good.
Roberta: Do they have an avocado at the cafeteria?
Maybe he can help me with this problem I am having
with my passport.
Catherine: Excuse me??? I don’t get it.
01 Match the prepositions to the meanings:
(A) in front of
(B) on
(C) in
(D) behind
(E) between
(F) under
(G) next to / by
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
) dentro
) atrás
) entre
) embaixo
) ao lado
) em frente a
) em cima
02 Complete the sentences below with the best preposition of place:
a. Marcia’s house is _____ the school and the bookstore.
b. Where’s the church? It’s ____________ the corner of
Chenson Street and Monroe Avenue.
c. The Jacksons live ___________ Belém.
d. Do they live __________ that house?
e. Don’t sit ______ the table, please. Sit _____ the chair.
Prepositions of place /
Vocabulary: friends and false friends
INGLÊS
Chapter 9
03 Write the words in order to make sentences:
08 Write sentences using the words listed:
a. supermarket / Jackson / the / and / near / Amelia /
school / study / that / at
a. Isabelle / book / library / under / bed.
b. now / Caleb / right / is / bank / with / the / his / at /
mom
c. sleep / baby / in / the / your / does / bedroom / ?
107
8º Ano
b. my necklace / in / box / or / on / night stand / ?
c. he / doesn’t / know / gym / behind / bookstore.
d. back door / exit / behind / cafeteria.
d. very / Matthew / tall / doesn’t / is / like / she / to /
because / sit / her / behind
04 Complete the text with an appropriate preposition
of place:
Grace’s father works _______ the toys store. She goes
there every week. The toys she likes most are the dolls and
they are ______ the second floor right _______ the big
TV screen. This store is located ________ Third Avenue
_______ a clothes store and a pharmacy.
05 Tick () the correct translation for the bold words:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I can’t find the exit.
( ) êxito
( ) saída
Where is the application you talked about?
( ) inscrição
( ) aplicação
I would like beef, please.
( ) bife ( ) carne de boi
The guy is really injured.
( ) machucado
( ) injuriado
They don’t accept gratuity.
( ) gorjeta
( ) de graça
01 Alexander has the picture that was _______ the wall.
(A)in
(B)on
(C)under
(D)behind
(E) next to
02 They are _________ the train right now. Do you want
to talk to them?
(A)on
(B)in
(C)behind
(D) next to
(E)under
03 All the knifes are _______ that drawer ________ the
stove.
(A) on / by
(B) under / on
(C) in / next to
(D) behind / in
(E) between / next to
06 In the sentences below the preposition used is the
same. Which one it is?
04 Why does he like to yell at you ___________ every
one?
a. Evelyn doesn’t like to sit ______________ Brian.
b. The car park is _______________ the bus station.
c. Abigail and her friend Sarah live ______________
each other.
d. Do they want to stand _______________ me or
__________________ you?
(A)between
(B) under
(C) next to
07 Write these sentences in Portuguese:
a. She is putting all her files in order.
b. Where do they keep all the data for this patient?
c. In my opinion, the Las Vegas chefs are the best in the
world.
(D)opposite
(E) in front of
05 I hate when I sit ___________ two people _________
the plane.
(A) in / in
(B) under / behind
(C) next to / opposite
(D) between / on
(E) in front of / under
06 If you have the chance, look back, the girl _____ us
is so cute.
(A)between
(B) next to
(C) in front of
(D)at
(E) behind
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8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 9
07 A: “Do you know where can I find a restaurant?”
B: “There is one ______ the bank, ______ the other
side of the street.”
(A) on / in
(B) opposite / on
(C) in / behind
(D) next to / opposite
(E) between / by
08 The best translation for “They look so cute on that
costume.” is:
(A) Eles parecem tão cultos naquela fantasia.
(B) Eles são tão cultinhos naquele traje.
(C) Eles estão tão lindinhos naquelas fantasias.
(D) Eles olham tão estranhos para o costume.
(E) Eles são cultos que o olhar acostuma.
Answer the questions according to the text below:
They live (I) Santa Catarina, in a small town (II) the
city of Itapema. Her father works (III) a small ice cream
shop and her mother works (IV) the school. Mariana goes
to this school. Their house is made of wood and it is (V)
the central church, (VI) the post office and the coffee shop
where she goes every afternoon to eat “açaí”.
01 A preposição que preenche a lacuna (V), corretamente, é:
(A) on
(B)in
(C)at
(D) between
(E)behind
02 As lacunas que podem ser completadas com a mesma
preposição de lugar são:
(A) I e III.
(B) II e III.
(C) IV e VI.
(D) I e V.
(E) V e VI.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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INGLÊS
Chapter 10
8º Ano
What things from the past can you say
you do not do anymore? Do you still use
pacifier? Do you still eat with a spoon? Do
you still sleep in your parents room? Do you
still watch baby cartoons on TV?
We studied the Simple past of the verb to be in the
chapter 8. Now we are going to see the Simple past related
to things that happened in the past as a routine, but that
does not happen anymore. We call this used to.
If you talk about something you do not do it anymore,
but it was a habit of yours in the past, you are going to use
this structure. We only use it to talk about actions from
the past. Check it out.
©iStockphoto.com/Dori OConnell
Used to / Vocabulary: past activities
Objetivos:
–Ampliar vocabulário relacionando a hábitos passados;
–estudar o used to;
–desenvolver habilidade de interpretação textual.
1. Used to
Após used to o verbo deve estar no infinitivo.
E.g.:
I used to have a huge cell phone like this one.
1.1 Affirmative
used to
verb infinitive
complement
used to
play
volleyball when
I was young.
©iStockphoto.com/milos luzanin
Used to é usado para mencionar algo que alguém ou
algum ser vivo fazia no passado, porém já não faz hoje. O
termo “ser vivo” foi citado, porque pode-se falar, por exemplo,
que uma planta costumava dar muitos frutos, mas que não
dá mais. Seguem abaixo as estruturas na forma afirmativa,
negativa e interrogativa.
Subject
I/ You
He/ She/ it
We/ You/
They
1.2 Interrogative
Did
subject
use to
verb
infinitive
complement?
I/ you
Did
he/ she/ it
we/ you/ they
109
short answers
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
use to
play
volleyball?
Yes, he (she, it) is. / No, he (she, it) isn’t.
Yes, we did. No, we didn’t.
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8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 10
©iStockphoto.com/chieferu
E.g.:
Sara: “Did you use to
have a computer like
this?”
Barbara: “No, I didn’t.
My mom used to have
a computer like this.”
1.3 Negative
Subject
didn’t
use to
verb
infinitive
complement
play
volleyball when
I was young.
I / You
He / She / It didn’t use
to
We / You /
They
©iStockphoto.com/elkor
E.g.:
She didn’t use to swim when she was young.
English is the language of rules. Let me explain
it better. Most all grammar structures come with
rules, it means that you have to know the rule or
the structure in order to write well. For example,
in the case of “used to”, you just have to memorize
the structure showed and the fact that, when you
add “did”, the verb goes back to “use to”. The other
rule is that after “to” there is always a verb in the
infinitive form (ar, er e ir – brincar, correr, sorrir,
por exemplo).
Here are some examples, let’s write a sentence with
used to and the words listed:
•
Raymond / ride / bike / young
I need to remember the structure:
subject + used to + verb inf + complement
Raymond used to ride a bike when he was young.
•
Donna and Bob / cook / dinner / every night / ?
If it is a question, I need to remember the interrogative structure:
Did+ subject + use to + verb inf + complement?
Did Donna and Bob use to cook dinner every
night?
•
Note:
Quando o verbo está no passado simples
(used), precisamos de um verbo auxiliar para fazer
perguntas e negativas, da mesma forma que você viu
em relação ao presente simples. Esse auxiliar será o
“did”. Porém, o passado simples tem apenas um verbo
auxiliar para todas as pessoas do singular e plural.
Quando usamos o auxiliar, o verbo tem que
voltar para a sua forma infinitiva que seria “use”. Não
podemos expressar o passado duas vezes na mesma
frase. Como o “did” já expressa a ideia de passado,
o verbo tem que voltar para sua estrutura básica.
Bianca / not / write / letters
It is a negative sentence, because of the not:
Subject + didn’t + use to + verb inf + complement
Bianca didn’t use to write letters.
2. Vocabulary – Past activities
There are activities that we don’t do anymore,
but we used to do some time ago. If you did not see
it before, you are going to study in History about
activities that we, human beings, used to do in the
past and we don’t do anymore.
The clothes we used to wear, where we used to live,
how we used to cook food, how we used to travel, the
products we used to use, the kind of cars we used to
drive, and even how we used to kill animals to get our
food. That’s why History is so important, it helps us
to remember the things that were so common some
time ago and are not anymore.
Used to / Vocabulary: past activities
INGLÊS
Chapter 10
8º Ano
Ride horses to work
©iStockphoto.com/whitemay
Some things that people used to do in the past:
111
©iStockphoto.com/estt
Live in caves
Draw on the walls
Wear Georgian style clothes
©iStockphoto.com/Manuela Krause
©iStockphoto.com/zinnman
Travel by ship
©iStockphoto.com/esolla
©iStockphoto.com/Linda Steward
Write with fountain pen
INGLÊS
Chapter 10
Use encyclopedias
©iStockphoto.com/maxximages73
Take pictures using non-digital cameras
©iStockphoto.com/Carlos Velayos Martín
©iStockphoto.com/goldenKB
Play hopscotch
Write letters with typewriters
©iStockphoto.com/guvendemir
Listen to vinyl records
©iStockphoto.com/RG-foto
112
8º Ano
01 Agora é a sua vez. Escreva cinco coisas que você
costumava fazer quando era pequeno e que não faz mais.
Lembre-se de usar a estrutura used to.
02 Make sentences using these words and used to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Billy / watch / kid’s TV / young
she / not / swim / lake
your grandma / ride / horse / school / ?
his father / not / use / cell phones
Used to / Vocabulary: past activities
INGLÊS
113
Chapter 10
03 Write these words in order to make sentences:
a. big house / Cloe / a / used to / lives / live / she / now
/ in / but / a / small house / in
b. anymore / Noah and Jacob / it / used to / do / a / do
/ they / cartwheel / but / don’t
c. was / Molly’s / younger / father / he / used to / when
/ golf / play
d. girl / Jessica / little / watch / a / used to / was / when
/ “Só para baixinhos” / she
04 Complete the sentences using used to:
a.William
(travel) to São Paulo
every year.
b.Lucas
(not / phone) his grandmother.
c. Dylan’s parents
(go) to the
dance on the weekends.
d.
D an i el and h is f r i e nds
(come) to school by car?
05 Match the sentences:
(A) They didn’t use to play
(B) She used to win
(C) Mr. William used to write
(D) Danny and I used to give
(
(
(
(
) all the competitions.
) games to our friends for Christmas.
) soccer with their friends.
) interesting information about the country.
06 Write sentences according to the activities listed:
a.
b.
c.
d.
write letters to our friends
watch black and white TV
not recycle
not pay with Reais / before 1994
8º Ano
c. Where did you use to go to when you were five?
d. Who did you use to visit some time ago that you don’t
visit anymore?
01 The brothers _______ a lot, but they don’t anymore.
(A) use to study
(B) didn’t used to study
(C) used to study
(D) did use to study
(E) used study
02 How much _______________ spend on clothes?
(A) did you use to
(B) did you used to
(C) used to
(D) did use to you
(E) you did use to
03 Complete the sentence: “The drama club _______.”
(A) use to is my favorite group.
(B) used to be my favorite group.
(C) did use to be my favorite group.
(D) used to did my favorite group.
(E) use to be my favorite group.
04 The students ____________ the computers, but they
do now.
(A) didn’t use to fix
(B) used to fix
(C) did use to fix
(D) use to fix
(E) used not to fix
05 Complete the text with used to and a verb:
brush – pee – be
Her twins _________ very nice and obedient, but
recently they are acting so strange. They __________
07 Write these sentences in English:
their teeth by themselves and they don’t do it anymore;
a. Eu costumava ler um livro por semana quando eu
tinha a sua idade.
b. Meu pai costumava fumar quando era mais novo.
c. De que você costumava brincar quando era pequeno(a)?
they ___________ in bed and now they do, she doesn’t
08 Now answer the questions about yourself:
a.She
b. That singer
singing solo.
a. What did you use to eat when you were a baby?
b. What kind of games did your parents use to play?
know what to do anymore.
06 Complete as sentenças usando used to e um verbo
da sua escolha:
short and curly hair.
the guitar before
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8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 10
©iStockphoto.com/pojoslaw
07 Make sentences about you using used to and the
activities listed:
©iStockphoto.com/Laurentiu Iordache
a. play with marbles
©iStockphoto.com/Hiob
b. play tic-tac-toe
Mary,
I’m worried about Tom and Jean, they used to be great
friends when they were in High School, but now, after that
game, everything changed.
They used to go to the movies together and now they
don’t even go to the movies. They used to watch the games
together and now they are always alone.
What can I do to help them? I think I am going to
take them to a restaurant with me for my birthday. We
can have a birthday party the four of us. Maybe they can
start talking to each other. What do you think?
c. watch VHS tapes
©iStockphoto.com/JTSorrell
Love, Dina.
01 The main idea of the text is:
(A) try to make them to be friends again.
(B) try to make them to go out together.
(C) try to make them to watch a movie.
(D) try to make them to go to her birthday party.
(E) try to make them to change together.
02 The girl:
(A) is writing about her birthday party.
(B) is preoccupied with her party’s invitation.
(C) is going out with one of the boys.
(D) is concerned about their friends happiness.
(E) is working to have a great meeting.
Used to / Vocabulary: past activities
INGLÊS
Chapter 10
Infinitive
Past Tense
A
Arise
Awake
Arose
Awoke
Be
Beat
Become
Begin
Bend
Bet
Bite
Blow
Break
Bring
Broadcast
Build
Buy
Was / Were
Beat
Became
Began
Bent
Bet
Bit
Blew
Broke
Brought
Broadcast
Built
Bought
Catch
Choose
Come
Cost
Cut
Caught
Chose
Came
Cost
Cut
Do
Draw
Drink
Drive
Did
Drew
Drank
Drove
Eat
Ate
Fall
Feed
Feel
Fight
Find
Fly
Forbid
Forget
Forgive
Fell
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Flew
Forbade
Forgot
Forgave
Get
Give
Go
Grow
Got
Gave
Went
Grew
Have
Hear
Had
Heard
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Past Participle
Arisen
Awoken
Been
Beaten
Become
Begun
Bent
Bet
Bitten
Blown
Broken
Brought
Broadcast
Built
Bought
Caught
Chosen
Come
Cost
Cut
Done
Drawn
Drunk
Driven
Eaten
Fallen
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Flown
Forbiden
Forgotten
Forgiven
Got (Gotten)
Given
Gone
Grown
Had
Heard
115
8º Ano
116
8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 10
Hide
Hold
Hurt
Hid
Held
Hurt
Keep
Know
Kept
Knew
Leave
Lend
Lose
Left
Lent
Lost
Make
Mean
Meet
Made
Meant
Met
Pay
Put
Paid
Put
Quit
Quit
Read
Ride
Run
Read
Rode
Run
Say
See
Shell
Send
Show
Sing
Sit
Sleep
Speak
Spend
Spill
Stand
Steal
Swin
Said
Saw
Sold
Sent
Showed
Sang
Sat
Slept
Spoke
Spent
Spilled/Split
Stood
Stole
Swam
Take
Teach
Tell
Think
Throw
Took
Taught
Told
Thought
Threw
Wear
Win
Write
Wore
Won
Wrote
K
L
M
P
Q
R
S
T
W
Hid, Hidden
Held
Hurt
Kept
Known
Left
Lent
Lost
Made
Meant
Met
Paid
Put
Quit
Read
Ridden
Run
Said
Seen
Sold
Sent
Shown
Sung
Sat
Slept
Spoken
Spent
Spilled/Split
Stood
Stolen
Swum
Taken
Taught
Told
Thought
Thrown
Worn
Won
Written