Unit 5 - Editora Viena

Transcrição

Márcia CrisƟna Giunta Peregini
MP
LE
Ana Maria Borges dos Santos
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
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My Journey Focus
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My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
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My Journey
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My Journey
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My Journey
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Myy JJou
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Myy Journe
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My Journey Focus
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My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
My Journey Focus
2
1ª Edição
E
1ª
S
Santa
Cruz do Rio Pardo/SP
Editora Viena
2014
My Journey Focus My Journey
ourney Focus My
My Journey Focus My Journey Focus My
My Journey Focuss My Journey Focus My
cus My Journey Focus My
My Journey Focus
My Journeyy Focus My Journey Focus My
My Journey
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Autores:
Márcia CrisƟna Giunta Peregini
Ana Maria Borges dos Santos
Projeto gráfico e diagramação:
Luciane Mendonça
Capa:
Agência Z3
www.agenciaz3.com.br
Ilustrações:
Renato Nascimento
Manoel Ricardo Pegorer
orer de Bem
Fotos:
iStockphoto
AM
PL
E
Impressão
ão e acabamento:
a bamento:
Viena Gráfi
áfi
fica & Editora
Dados
dos
Internacionais de Catalogação
Ca
Catalogação na
na Publicação
Publicação (CIP)
(CIP)
Brasileira
Livro, SP,
SP, Brasil)
Brasil)
(Câmara Brasilei
Brasileir
ira do Livro,
Peregini, Márci
Márcia Cr
Cristina Giunta
Giunta
course focus,
focus, 22 // Márcia
Márcia
My journey : English
En
course
Giunta
Maria Borges
Borges dos
dos
Cristina Giun
unta Peregini, Ana Maria
ed. -- Santa Cruz
Cruz do
do Rio
Rio Pardo,
Pardo, SP
SP ::
Santos. -- 1.
1 e
(Coleção my
my journey)
journey)
Editora Viena,
Vi
2011. -- (Coleção
ISBN
ISB
BN 97
978-85-371-0261-9
I. Santos,
Santos, Ana
Ana Maria
Maria
1. Inglês (Ensino médio) I.
Borges dos. II. Título. III. Série.
Série.
Borge
Bo
11-14423
11-14423
CDD-420.7
CDD-420.7
Índices para catálogo sistemático:
sistemático:
1. Inglês : Ensino médio
420.7
420.7
ISBN: 978-85-371-0261-9
Nenhuma parte desta publicação poderá ser reproduzida ou transmitida,
sejam quais forem os meios empregados:
eletrônicos, mecânicos, fotográficos, gravações ou quaisquer outros.
Todos os direitos reservados para EDITORA VIENA
LEI 9.610/98 e atualizações
Copyright© 2011 - Editora Viena Ltda
1ª Edição - 12/2011 - SCRPardo / SP
EDITORA VIENA
Home-Page: www.viena.ind.br
e-mail: [email protected]
©iStockphoto.com/Model-la
©iStockphoto.
©iStockphoto.co
com/Mo
SA
APRESENTAÇÃO
APRESENTA
APRESENT
TAÇÃO
A coleção My Journey vem apresentar profundo iinte
interesse e conexão com a Língua Inglesa através das
ferecidas
cidas
das nas abordagen
abordagens tem
ttemáticas das unidades de seus três volumes.
interações oferecidas
iar o ensino e aprendizage
aprendizagem dda Língua Inglesa a coleção oferece inúmeros diálogos
Afim de mediar
conc
concret o aprendizado nas mais variadas formas de abordagens.
orais e escritoss autênticos, visandoo concretizar
Oss assuntos contextualizam ex
experiências e interações com a Língua Inglesa, levando
uno a refletir sobre a transformação
transfor
o aluno
que a língua alvo pode exercer em sua vida, crescendo
como cidadão do mundo e educando-se para transformar-se.
negável a importância da Língua
Língu Inglesa como meio de comunicação no mundo globalizado. Por essa razão,
É inegável
a coleção My Journey com sua
suas características linguísticas e comunicativas, visa o ensino da Língua Inglesa
com abordagens que con
contribuirão para o desenvolvimento ético, cultural, educacional e social do aluno.
My Journey irá pr
preparar o aluno para enfrentar situações de inclusão social reflexivas, construção
de cidadania com base em conhecimentos sistêmicos de mundo e das organizações sociais e textuais,
desenvolve
desenvolvendo as quatro habilidades e competências necessárias para concluir o aprendizado.
As autoras
Three
3
UNIT
4
Four
IntroducƟon
Text
Verbs and vocabulary
1
Who built the pyramids?
Page 8
A Journey through History.
Page 9
Page 10
2
Is it hot today?
Page 15
Physics Class.
Page 16
Page 17
3
The most remarkable people of
the century.
Page 23
What is the greatest
eatestt or the
most important
ant invenƟ
Ɵon?
on
on?
Page 24
Page
a 25
4
Where have you been
en lately??
Page 31
An
A emailil tto Alp’s
Al family.
Page
Page 32
Page 33
5
I have been traveling and
meeƟ
Ɵng new people.
Page
ge 39
I have
h
been learning many
things about other culture.
Page 40
Page 41
6
Where had you been be
before
you came to class?
Page 49
What had you done before
coming to class?
Page 50
Page 51
7
What will yyou do this weekend
if you hav
have Ɵme?
Page 5
57
I will appreciate if you...
Page 58
Page 59
Highlights
Exercises Reinforcement Listening and
coprehension
Language focus
ocus –
Goalss
The Simple past
tense and the past
conƟnuous tense.
Page 10
Pages 11
and 12
Page 13
Page 13
Rever o passado
sado simples.
Fazer uso dos verbos no
passado
o conơnuo.
Degrees of the
adjecƟves.
Pages 17, 18 and 19.
Page 18,
19 and 20.
Page 21
Page 21
Usar corretamente o grau
dos adjeƟvos e advérbios
advérbio nas
suas formas comparaƟvas.
The superlaƟve
form.
Page 25
Page 26,
27 and 28.
Page 29
Page
e 29
Aplicar
Aplica o grau dos adjeƟvos e
advérbios
advérbi na
n forma superlaƟva.
The present perfect
tense.
Page 34
Page 34,
35 and 36
Page
e 37
37
Page
Pag 37
O uso do Present Perfect.
The present perfect
conƟnuous.
Page 41
Page 42,
43, 44 and
45
Page
ge 47
Page 47
O uso do Present Perfect
ConƟnuous.
The pastt perfect
tense.
Page
e 52
Pages
52,53 and
54
Page 55
Page 55
Fazer uso do Past Perfect Tense.
The first condiƟonal
- Real possibility.
Page 60
P
Page 60
and 61
Page 63
Page 63
Aplicar o primeiro condicional. Concordâncias verbais.
The superlaƟve
form.
Page 26
The irregular
adjecƟves.
Page 27
Five
5
6
Six
UNIT
IntroducƟon
Text
Verbs and vocabulary
8
If I were you, I would travel to
Hawaii.
Page 65
Dear son...
Page 66
Page 67
9
What would you have taken to
Las Vegas...
Page 75
What clothing should I take??
Page 76
Page 77
10
Useful English Phrases at the
Airport.
Page 83
Reviewing the
e Procedures
Procedures.
ures.
Page 85
Pages
Pag 86
8 and 91
11
On the airplane.
Page 93
On the
he pl
plane.
plane
ane.
Page
e 95
Page 96
12
On the plane: services
ervices
ces and
special care.
Page 101
On board.
Page
Pag 102
Page 104
13
Places
laces and culture around the
world.
Page 109
Have you visited any other
countries?
Page 110
Page 111
14
Arriving at the aairport.
Page 117
Landing in Las Vegas.
Page 118
Page 119
Highlights
Exercises Reinforcement Listening and
coprehension
Language focus
cus –
Goalss
The second
condiƟonal.
Page 68
Page 68,
69, 70, 71
and 72
Page 73
Page 73
Aplicar o segundo
gundo condicional.
Concordâncias
ncias verbais.
The third
condiƟonal.
Page 78
Page 78,
79 and 80
Page 80
Page 81
Aplicar o terceiro condicional.
condicio
Concordâncias verbais.
The Passive Voice.
Page 87
Page 88,
89 and 90.
Page 90
Page
ge 91
Voz passiva.
passiva
pas
Regras.
Regra
ras.
The passive voice
with two objects.
Page 97
Page 97
and 98
Page 99
Page 99
Voz passiva com dois objetos.
Regras.
RelaƟve Pronouns.
Page 105
Page 105
and 106
Page
Pag 106
6
Page 109
Aplicar os pronomes relaƟvos
adequadamente para cada sujeito,
objeto, posse e demais situações.
Modals and
semi-modals..
Page 112
Page 113
and 114
Page 114
1
Page 115
Verbos anômalos
ou modais e
semimodais.
At the hotel.
Checking in
vocabulary.
Pages 120 and 121
Page 122
Page 123
Page 123
Aprender o vocabulário que se
refere a hospedagem em um hotel.
Would rather.
Page 98
Seven
7
ds
Introduction The pyramids
Who built
the pyramids?
ds?
According to history the pyramids were built
by the Egyptians who lived in villages and not
by slaves or foreigners. Some of these workers
were permanent employees of the pharaoh.
Other employees were ones who have been
ges.
picked for a limited time from local villages.
Others m
may
ay h
have
ave b
been
een w
women.
om
Although
depictions of
of women
women workers
w
no depictions
have been
und. SSuch
uch cconclusions
onclusions were made because
found.
ssome
ome ffemale
emale sskeletons
keletons sshow wear that suggests
tthey
hey w
orked w
ith h
ea stone for long periods
worked
with
heavy
o
ime.
off ttime.
(From:
((Fro
FFro
rom:
om: h
hƩ
Ʃp://www.naƟonalgeographic.com/pyramids/pyramids.html) day 17/01/11
AÄÝóÙ
A
ÄÝóÙ ãã«
« ØçÝã®ÊÄÝ ½Êó.
Why did
pyramids
exist?
1.. W
1
Who
ho built
ho
bui
ui the pyramids?
......
....... Egyptians, who lived in villages
....................................................................................
built the pyramids.
........
....................................................................................
©iStockphoto.com/ewg3D
D
Ancient Egyptians
believed that when
d,
the pharaoh died,
iris,
he became Osiris,
ead.
king of the ddead.
h ar a oh
The new p
pharaoh
or us, ggod
od
became H
Horus,
eavens aand
nd protector
protector of the sun god.
of the h
heavens
ycle w
as ssymbolized
ymbolized b
Thiss ccycle
was
by the rising and the
etting o
he ssun.
un.
setting
off tthe
SSome
ome p
art o
ead pharaoh’s spirit, called
part
off a ddead
h
is kka,
a, w
as b
elieved to remain with his body.
his
was
believed
A
nd it
it w
as tthought
hough that if the corpse did not
And
was
h
ave p
roper care,
car the former pharaoh would not
have
proper
b
ble tto
o ccarry
a out his new duties as king of
bee aable
tthe
he ddead.
ead. IIf this happened, the cycle would be
b
roken and disaster would befall Egypt.
broken
8
E h
Eig
htt
Eight
2.. Who were the workers?
2
The workers were permanent employees of the
....................................................................................
pharaoh or emplyees picked from local villages.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
3. Why were the pyramids built?
They were built to protect the pharaoh and take
....................................................................................
proper care of his body after his death.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
4. What was the cycle explained in the text?
....................................................................................
When the pharaoh died he became
....................................................................................
king of the dead.
5. What was believed about the pharaoh’s spirit?
Part of it would remain with
....................................................................................
the pharaoh´s body.
....................................................................................
6. What was thought about the pharaoh’s body?
....................................................................................
It might have the proper care.
....................................................................................
7. What would happen if the cycle were broken?
A disaster would befall Egypt.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
©iStockphoto.com/sculpies
Unit 1
What was the most
remarkable event
in History?
Unit 1
A Journey
rney
neyy
through History
istory
story
What can you remember about history?
So events were remarkable in our lives
Some
but others were left aside. Some subjects and
individuals are of significant importance.
It is also interesting to understand how thee
evolution of mankind and warfare seem to
g and to improve
p
ore
change
as we become mor
more
nteresting
estiing
technologically advanced and it is also inte
interesting
to notice the various instances where religion
rel on and
wi dom or folly
politics would mix, and witness the wisdom
of those
se we chose to elect, or elected
el
themselves
ur leaders
lead and inventors throughout
th
as our
history.
ome inventions
inv
Some
became extremely
important
ortant to our lives
li ssuch as the invention of
the lilight bulb, te
telegr
telegraph, telephone, vaccines,
airplanes,
airp
irplanes, and man
m others. Unfortunately, some
many
le
lead
ders
rs and inv
g
leaders
inventors used their intelligence
t cause destruction
to
des
estruction and fear among people:
nuclear weapons
nuclea
we
or the atomic bomb which
provoke
pro
ked thousands of deaths and catastrophic
provoked
conse
nsequences to human beings.
consequences
Nine
9
Unit 1
Verbs
To become
To elect
To noƟce
To cause
To improve
To print
To change
To invent
nderstand
To understand
To choose
To mix
o witness
To
VOCABULARY
Y
Airplane
Airpla
I
Instance
Catastrophe
Inven on
InvenƟ
Disability
Leader
ader
Event
Lightt b
bulb
EvoluƟon
Pr ng
PrinƟ
Fear
Tele
Telegraph
Fellow
Vaccine
ly
Folly
Warfare
ankiind
Mankind
Weapon
man being
bein
ingg
Human
Wisdom
Review
i the Simple Past Tense
Highlights
ghts
hts
t
Regular
ular Verbs
add “ED, D
or IED” to the verbs.
Irregular Verbs
You must
learn by heart.
Auxiliary
DID: interrogaƟve
and negaƟve forms.
The Past C
Continuous Tense
10
Ten
Verb
Ve
erb To
To B
Be
WAS or WERE + verb + ing
Auxilia
Auxiliaries
WAS and WERE: interrogaƟve and negaƟve forms.
1.
Exercises
WÙ®ã
ØçÝã®ÊÄÝ.
Student’s answer
What was the most important invention?
a. ................................................................................
Unit 1
The Moon landing marked
the pinnacle of the space race and
American investment in the spacee program failed.
tronauts travelled to the
AŌer such a race 10 other astronauts
Moon in six missions. The final manned lunar landing
ber 1972 by Apollo 17.
was completed in December
The Second World War happened in 1939.
What did leaders do using their wisdom?
c. ................................................................................
Some leaders used their wisdom to cause destrucƟon.
/emreo
©iStockphoto.com
When did the second war happen?
b. ................................................................................
gan
An important invenƟon was the
computer in my opinion.
Who built the pyramids for the pharaohs?
d. ................................................................................
The ancient EgypƟans built
the pyramids for the pharaohs.
What was the function of the pyramids? ........
e. ................................................................................
perly.
y
The pyramids kept the pharaoh’s corpse properly.
Reading
(Adapted from BBC - hƩp://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/
p://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/21/
newsid_2635000/2635845.stm). Day 18 / 01 / 11 – 8: 15 h
hs.
2.
T« F®ÙÝã MÄ
T«
ãÊ SãÖ ÊÄ ã« MÊÊÄ.
In 1969, Neil Armstrong
strongg was the first
rsst m
man to
naut stepped onto
on
ont the
walk on the moon. The astronaut
bout 20 minutes aŌer first o
moon’s surface about
opening
he Eagle landing craŌ. As he put his
the hatch on the
he moon`s surface he declared:
decl
leŌ foot on the
“That’s
one small step for man, one giant lea
leap for mankind.”
cribed the surface as bein
He described
being like powdered
coal and the landing craŌ lleŌ a crater about a
charcoal
ot deep.
foot
Neil Armstrong was ac
accompanied by two other
astronauts: Edwin Ald
Aldrin and Collins. Armstrong
and Aldrin spent 21 hours on the Moon and part
of this Ɵme was sspent outside the landing module.
Both astronauts rejoined the mothership and the
colleague Col
Collins and returned to Earth on 24 July.
The thr
three men spent 21 days at an American
military base in quaranƟne.
AÄÝóÙ
A
óÙ ã«
ã« Ø
ØçÝã®ÊÄÝ
ÊÙ®Ä¦
ÊÙ®Ä

ÊÙ®Ä¦ ãÊ ã« ãøã Êò.
a. Who was th
the first man to step on the moon,
aaccording
ccordi tto the text?
Neil Armstrong was the
......
......
....................................................................................
first man to step on the Moon.
........
....................................................................................
b. W
When did Armstrong step onto the Moon’s surface?
....................................................................................
He stepped onto the Moon´s
....................................................................................
surface in 1969.
c. How much Ɵme did Armstrong and his colleagues
spend on the Moon?
They spent twenty one
....................................................................................
hours on the Moon.
....................................................................................
d. When did they return to Earth?
They returned to Earth on 24 July.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
e. What happened to the astronauts aŌer their
arrival to the Earth?
They spent 21 days at an American military
....................................................................................
base in quarantine.
....................................................................................
f. What did Armstrong declare when he first stepped
onto the Moon’s surface?
He declared that it was one small step for man,
....................................................................................
one giant leap for mankind.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
Eleven
11
Unit 1
3.
A ÄÝóÙ Ä Ý» ùÊçÙ ¥Ù®Ä:
YÊçÙ ÄÝóÙÝ
An important event.
YÊçÙ FÙ®Ä’Ý
Ä’Ý AÄÝóÙÝ
Student’s answer
Student’s answer
A remarkable happening.
A historical fact.
An important invenƟon.
A historical fact in your country.
A Brazilian leader.
A bad invenƟon.
A terrible leader.
(free) A scientific invention,
technological machine,
an important
monument, a great
(free)
piece of art.
(free)
(free)
CÊÃÖ½ã ó®ã« ã«
«
òÙÝ Ý ùÊç «Ù
Ù ã« CD.
was
er .................................
......
.......
..................
..
...
ele
b. Christ the Redeemer
elected
(t b
one of the Seven Wonders of the world. (to
be)
WÊÄÙ
LÊã®ÊÄ
Chichen Itza
Yucatán, Mexico
Christ the Redeemer
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Colosseum
Colosseo
Rome, Italy
Great Wall of China
Republic of China
om Penicillium fungi. (to der
from
derive)
Machu Picchu
Machu Pikchu
Cuzco Region, Peru
discovered the penicillin. (to discover)
f. Fleming .......................
..................
........................
Petra
Ma’an Governorate, Jordan
Taj Mahal
Agra, India
rdo da Vinci ..................
.painted Mo
..............
d. Leonardo
Monalisa. (to paint)
derived
nicillin is a group of anƟbioƟcs ..........................
e. Penicillin
helped
g. Mahatma Gandhi ..
....................................
India to
gain independence. (to help)
faced
h. In South Africa
Africa, Gandhi .........................................
discriminaƟon
on. (to face)
Twelve
joined
i. Hitler ..
......................................
the precursor of the
Nazi Par
Party. (to join)
©iStockphoto.com/TomazKunst
Wonders of the World
©iStockphoto.com/CelsoDiniz
fought
fough
a. MarƟn Luther King ....................................
.....................
............
..........
.........
.....
....... again
against
riminaƟ
naƟon. (to fight)
g
prejudice and racial discriminaƟ
invented
on ............................
................
..............
the ph
c. Thomas Edison
phonograph,
b and the moƟon pictures. (to invent)
the light bulb
12
j Na
j.
Nazi fforces .................................... in numerous
vviole
violent acts during the war. (to engage)
©iStockphoto.com/x-drew
4.
©iStockphoto.com/rphotos
Unit 1
Reinforcement
VERBS AND VOCABULARY
V
To become ........................
To elect ..............................
To noƟ
oƟce........................
ce ........................
To cause ............................
To improve .........................
To print.......................
print ..........................
To change ...........................
To intermingle ....................
To understand .......
...............
To chose .............................
..
To invent ............................
To witness .........
......................
VOCABULARY
ARY
Airplane ...............................................
InvenƟ
nƟon
o ............
..............................................
..............
Catastrophe .........................................
Leade ................
Leader
. ...
..................................................
....
Disability ............................................
Ligh
Li
htt bulb .......
Light
.............................................
..........
...
Event ....................................................
Prin
P
inƟng ....
PrinƟ
................................................
...............
.....
EvoluƟon ..............................................
Telegr
TTelegraph
.................................................
....................
Fear ....................................................
Vac
Vaccin
Vaccine ....................................................
...................
....................
Fellow ..................................................
Wa
..................................
Warfare ..................................................
.............................
.................
Folly .....................................................
..................................
Weapon ...................................................
..................................
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Humankind ..........................................
.................................
Wisdom ...................................................
.................................
...............
Human being ........................................
..................................
Instance ...............................................
Listening and Comprehension
Listenin
WÙ®ã ã«
ã« ÝÄ
ÝÄãÄÝ ùÊç «Ù.
1.
Some events were important to human life.
2.
The Mayan indians invented the calendar.
3.
The computer is one of the best inventions.
4.
A pyramid was used to keep the pharaoh´s corpse.
5.
The Egyptians built the pyramids.
Thrirteen
9
13
©iStockphoto.com/sculpies
©iSt k h t
/ l i
14
Notes
Fourteen
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©iStockphoto.com/rphotos
Unit 1
Unit 2
©iStockphoto.com/monkeybusinessimages
mages
age
Is it hot today?
Today is hotter than yesterday.
©iStockphoto.com/Yakobchuk
Introduction
©iStockphoto.com/scholol
Is a car faster than a motorcycle??
Yes, it is.
©iStockphoto.com/sjlocke
Are your parents taller
aller than you are?
Yes, my parents
am.
arents are taller than
han I am
©iStockphoto.com/Viorika
©iStockphoto.com/gruizza
Was it cold last month?
Yes, it was colder than
th this month.
Is it easy to llearn English?
Yes, it is easier than Portuguese.
©iStockphoto.com/fcknimages
leasureofa
eo rt
©iStockphoto.com/Pleasureofart
Is a house cheaper than a car?
No, it isn’t.
©iStockphoto.com/AlexandrMoroz
Are you older than your grandfather?
No. I am younger than my grandfather.
Fi een
15
Unit 2
Physics Class
lass
A brief explanation about Astronomy
Teacher: A long time ago, in a galaxy
T
ffar away, a star exploded. This star exploded so
violently that for a few weeks the star outshone
its parent galaxy. This type of explosion is
called a supernova. The last one in our galaxy
was 400 years ago, making us about 300 years
overdue for the next one.
he
Student: Can explosions move faster than the
speed of light?
n ligh
ht.
Teacher: Nothing can move faster than
light.
alaxy
xy can
Every once in a while a star in our galaxy
do something to surprise us.
azing
ng than the
Student: What can be more amazing
speed of the light?
Teacher: Supernova.
16
Sixteen
es that mean?
Student: What does
nova is a stellar explosion more
Teacher: Supernova
n a nova. A supernova is eextremely
energetic than
luminous. It causes a burst of rad
radiation that
es an entire galaxy befor
outshines
before fading after
certain period of time. T
an uncertain
The radiation that
upernova
rnov radiates is stro
a supernova
stronger, brighter and
moree energetic than
tha the radiation that the sun
is eexpected
cted to emit.
Student: What
Studen
ha iis cl
closer to us, the stars or the
p
plane
nets
nets?
planets?
Te
Teac
cher:
r: T
The planets are a lot closer to us
Teacher:
than aany of the stars...think about it. The stars
only
on
nly seem
se
to move as the Earth rotates while
the plan
planets around us are actually moving as
they revolve around the sun. So, naturally, they
wou
wo
would be moving across the sky at a faster rate.
Unit 2
Verbs
To cause
To fade
To revolve
To emit
To move
To rotate
te
To expect
To radiate
hine
To shine
To surprise
To explode
VOCABULARY
RY
Highlights
Hi
Highlight
Highligh
hli ht
Equality
Equali
Amazing
Galaxy
Away
Luminous
mi
Bright
wh
Once in a while
Burst
ver
erd
Overdue
Close
Rat
R
Rate
Earth
S
Speed
Energe c
Stellar
En re
Strong
Fast
st
Violently
Degree of the Adjectives
as + adjec ve/adverb + as
Seventeen
17
Unit 2
Exercises
1.
W
.
EøÃÖ½:
A house is as expensive as an apartment.
a. A Mercedes
X
a Ferrari
–
expensive.
2.
W
.
EøÃÖ½:
han a house.
A car is less expensive than
a. English
X
uguese
Portuguese
–
difficult.
English is lesss.........................................
difficult than Portuguese.
Portugues
....................................................................................
..........................................
....................................................................................
b. Tony
John
X
–
strong.
A Mercedes is as expensive as a Ferrari.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
is less strong than John.
..Tony
.......................................
....................................................................................
.........................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
ay
c. Today
b. An armchair
is
less
To
i................
ess
.............Today
. d y..................
.........
..........
..... cold than yesterday.
....................................................................................
....................................
.......
..........
....................................................................................
X
a bed
–
comfortable.
An armchair is as comfortable as a bed. .
....................................................................................
.....
....................................................................................
..........
....................................................................................
c. A book
X
magazine
–
cheap.
azine.
A book is as cheap as a magazine.
.....................
.......
....................................................................................
......................
....................
....................................................................................
...............................
........
....................................................................................
d. I
X
my father
–
tall.l.
fat r ....................
I am as tall as
my
father.
.....................
....................
.........
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.......
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e. My mother
X
my father
–
old.
old
X
d TV set
d.
X
y
yesterday
B
Book
–
–
cold.
pleasant.
A TV..set
is less pleasant than a book.
se
...........................
...............
.
....................................................................................
......................
....................................................................................
e Cake
e.
X
pie
–
delicious.
A cake is less delicious than a pie.
..........
..
....................................................................................
......
....................................................................................
Highlights
Comparative
of superiority
SHORT ADJECTIVES OR ADVERBS
(1–2 SYLLABLES)
My mother
is as old as my
fat
.........................................
.. father.
....................................................................................
..........................................
....................................................................................
Superiority
.........................................
....................................................................................
Adj/Adv + er + than
Inferiority
f
less + adj
adjec ve/adverb + than
18
Eighteen
EøÃÖ½Ý:
The light moves faster than the sound.
A motorcycle is cheaper than a car.
©iStockphoto.com/geopaul
Hi hli ht
Highlights
Comparative
of inferiority
Unit 2
NOTES
e. The car you bought seems
nicer
e)
.............................
than mine. (nice)
A. If the adjec ve ends in “y” preceded
by a consonant the “y” becomes “i”:
............... in the
......
f. Your parents look .................................
nger
younger
picture. (young)
heavier
earlier
busier
healthier
pre er
heavy
early
busy
healthy
pre y
B. If the adjec ve ends in “e” only an
“r” is needed:
wiser
larger
simpler
later
wise
large
simple
late
..................................
............
..........
than
g. My friend Tom was .......................................
fatter
m. (fat)
the last me I met him.
....................................
............
.............
than a
h. A cat is ..................................................
smaller
dog. (small)
...................
..........
...........
today than I w
i. I am .............................
was yesterday.
busier
(busy)
happier
............
..............
j. My parents are ........................
...........................
with my good
des. (happy)
(hap
grades.
Highlights
Hig
Hi
Highligh
ghlights
ghligh
hli ht
Comparative
of superiority
LON
LONG
NG ADJECT
ADJECTIVES
ngle
C. If the adjec ve ends with “single
nsona
nant
vowel + consonant” the consonant
dded:
d:
is doubled and “er” is added:
bigge
bigger
gerr
th
thinner
er
ho er
big
thin
hot
(MORE
M
THAN 2 SYLLABLES)
THA
Superiority
More + Adjec ve/Adverb + than
EøÃÖ½Ý:
A supernova is more amazing than a nova.
3.
W
A dolphin is more intelligent than a dog.
.
wider
wide
a. An avenue is ........................................
...................
than a
street. (wide)
cheaper
b. My book was ........................
.....che
...
than your magazine.
(cheap)
noisier than a movie theater.
c. A nightclub is .......................
(noisy)
faster
d. The ligh
light moves ......................
than anything else.
(fast)
4.
W
.
more economical
a. A mini car is ..................................................
than
a sports car. (economical)
more interesting
b. The museum I visited was .....................................
................. than the Botanical garden. (interes ng)
more comfortable
c. A hotel is ................................................................
than a youth hostel. (comfortable)
Nineteen
19
more
d. Some animals are ..................
dangerous
...........................................
than others. (dangerous)
5.
W
:
©iStockphoto.com/TomazKunst
©iStockphoto.com/Tom
more expensive
e. Some mes a soda is ..............................................
than other so drinks. (expensive)
more beautiful
f. This actress is ................................................
than
the one you men oned. (beau ful)
more pleasant than
g. The countryside is ..........................................
the city. (pleasant)
more surprising
h. The film I watched was ..........................................
....................... than the book you read. (surprising)
©iStockphoto.com/CelsoDiniz
CelsoDiniz
Unit 2
M
P
X C
R
...............................................................................
........................................
more energetic
i. A supernova is ................................................
than
the sun. (energe c)
answ
Student’s
...............................................................................
.......................................
.... ........................
..................answers.
more mysterious
j. This situa on is .......................................................
than a detec ve book. (mysterious)
...............................................................................
.....................................
................
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..
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Highlights
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IRREGULAR
Good
Be er
...............................................................................
.....
ealthy food
food is
Healthy
b err than junk
nk food.
fo
be
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
Bad
Worse
Fat meatt is wo
worse
than a sandwi
sandwich.
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
Far
artherr/
Farther/
Furtherr
Li le
Less
H office w
His
was farther/
fu
urther than
t
further
I expected.
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
You should eat
less candy.
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
Many
More
20
Twenty
I need
more books.
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
Unit 2
Reinforcement
V
To cause .......................
To fade ...............................
olve .........................
To revolve
To emit ..........................
To move .............................
otate ...........................
........................
To rotate
To expect .......................
To radiate ...........................
To shine ....................
............................
To explode .....................
To surprise ...........
........................
VOCABULARY
ARY
Away ....................................................
Once
e in a while ........................................
.............................................
Amazing ...............................................
Overd
.....
.....................................
Overdue ..............
...................................................
....
Bright ...................................................
R e ...............
Rate
.........
.....................................
.........................................................
.........
..
Burst ....................................................
Sp
Spe
peed ......
.....................................
Speed
.....................................................
...............
Close ....................................................
S
Stellar
..
......................................
......................................................
...................
..............
Earth ....................................................
Stro
.......................................
Strong ......................................................
........................
.....
......
Energe c ..............................................
Vio
.......
..........
Violently .................................................
.
............................
.................
.....
En re ...................................................
.................................
............... ....
Fast ......................................................
.................................
................
Galaxy ................................................
.................................
Luminous .............................................
Listenin
W
.
1.
Some books are simpler than others.
2.
Supernova is a stellar explosion.
3.
The planets are closer to us than any of the stars.
4.
A car is faster than a motorcycle.
5.
Some animals are clever.
Twenty-one
21
22
Notes
Twenty-two
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©iSt k h t
/f k i
©iStockphoto.com/fcknimages
©iStockphoto.com/gruizza
Unit 2
Unit 3
Introduction
Albert Einstein was crowned
owned
ned the
n of the century.
most important person
Adolph
olph
h Hitler
H er was the worst
wor socialist.
used
d the World
d Wa
W
War II and the Holocaust.
He caused
Nelson Mandela
andela
©iStockphoto.com
Bill Gates
/PictureLake
Some
omee of the mo
most
ost iinflue
uential people of the century.
hotodiva
Pope Francisco
rancisco
photo.com/natenn
©iStockphoto.com/PictureLake – ©iStock
Who is the most
importan
important celebrity?
ake
©iStockphoto.com/PictureL
Oprah
ah Winfrey
Who was the most
important person
of the century
in your opinion?
geƩ
©iStockphoto.com/TonyBag
n77
©iStockphoto.com/lukuƟ
Elvis Aaron
most
ron Presleyy was the
th mo
opular
pular American singe
sing
popular
singer.
ake – ©iStockphoto.com/1P
ake
Mohandas K. Gandhi wass the
important
he most impo
importan
por
he Indi
Indian Independe
Indepen
p
man to struggle forr the
Independence.
©iStockphoto.com/
©iStockphoto.com/ TonyBaggeƩ
rphotos
geƩ
The most
remarkable people
ople
p
of the century
Twenty three
23
Unit 3
What is the greatest or the
most important invention?
vention?
Élise, Alp and Charles are at the cafeteria
ddiscussing about their history class.
Élise: I was wondering... after Mr. Urban’s
class...
Charles: Now, what is the matter? What are you
wondering about?
y,
Élise: Mr. Urban talked so much about history,
ally,
y,
important people, important changes... Actually,
th
what I want to know is that... after all, whatt is the
ver comee
most important invention the man has ever
up with?
ricity
ty nothing
Alp: Electricity! Without electricity
would work.
ow aboutt cars?
Charles: I agree with you. How
ty after lots off
Some of them are using electricity
nd they aree also able to
studies. They are cleanerr and
shorten distances.
ome people
ple who don
don’t ha
Alp: There are some
have a
compute
uter to be
car but instead of it, they use a comp
computer
th rest of the world.
connected to the
Élise: How about the telephone, Alp:
Alp Isn’t it the
evant invention? Don’t yo
most relevant
you call home
mes?
sometimes?
Alp: Yes,
es, I call. But using a computer is the
cheapest
heapest
pest and fastest
fa
way of doing that.
Charles:
es: The penici
penicillin was the most important
medicine field.
invention in
invent
n the m
medic
Élise:
Élise
Élis
lise: According
Accordi to our history teacher some
inventions
inv
nven
ntions
ons da
date back a long time ago. We have
experienced
expe
perienced various technological inventions
years. While every invention has its own
over th
the ye
importance others have revolutionized our lives.
importan
imp
Lea: Hi
H guys! What is going on here?
Alp: We are talking about inventions and their
Alp
iimportance. In your opinion what is the most
important invention?
Lea: Come on... Treasure this beautiful world
and pay attention to the most wonderful places.
Of course, everything is important and relevant
to us. Inventions only make our lives
i easier.
Unit 3
Verbs
To agree
To go on
re
To treasure
To connect
To know
To use
To date back
To revolu onize
To wonder
To experience
To shorten
To work
VOCABULARY
RY
Change
an
Clean
ectricity
city
Electricity
Field
Guy
Inven
nven on
Own
Penici
Penicillin
Res
Resea
Research
Techn
Technological
Treasure
Wonderful
Hi hli ht
Highlights
The sup
Th
superlative form
SHORT ADJ
ADJECTIVES (1 – 2 SYLLABLES)
The + A
Adjec ve/Adverb + est
The cheapest means of communica on.
The coldest day of the year.
The biggest monument of the world.
The youngest person in my family.
Twenty-five
25
Unit 3
1.
Exercises
C
.
a. Today is hoƩer than yesterday.
Today is the hottest day.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
b. Some books are cheaper than others.
Some books are the cheapest (ones).
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
c. This exercise is very easy.
This is the easiest exercise.
..
....................................................................................
.......
....................................................................................
..........
....................................................................................
d. My sister is young.
t......................
My sister is the youngest.
.....
....................................................................................
.......................
....................
....................................................................................
.............................
..............
....................................................................................
e. I am taller than my brother.
llest
st.......
(one)........................
(on
I am the tallest
..................
.................
.........
....................................................................................
.........................................
..................... ......
....................................................................................
.........................................
......................
....................................................................................
Highlights
ghts
ht
The
hee ssuperlative
perlati fo
form
SHORT ADJECTIVES (mor
(more than 2 syllables)
Twenty-six
a. If the adjec ve ends in
n “y” preceded
by a consonant the “y”” becomes “i”+ est
st
heavy = the heaviest
st
early = the earliest
est
busy = the busiest
e healthiest
healthy = the
he pre est
pre y = the
he adjec ve ends in “e”
“e only
b. If the
an “st” is needed:
e = the wisest
wise
ge = the largest
large
large
sim e = the simplest
sim
simple
simple
late = the la
latest
ate
adje ve ends with “single
c.. If the adjec
vow
owel + cconsonant” the consonant is
vowel
double and “est”is added:
d
dou
doubled
b = the biggest
big
th = the thinnest
thin
hot = the ho est
2.
C
.
a. It is a very interesƟng topic.
It is the most interesting topic.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
b. The amusement park is very exciƟng.
The most b
beau ful place to live.
It is the most exciting amusement park.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
The mos
most relevant change.
c. I visited a wonderful place.
The m
most interes ng fact.
I visited the most wonderful place.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
The most impo
important inven on.
26
Notes
d. He is very comprehensive.
He is the most comprehensive.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
e. It is such a polluted river.
It is the most polluted river.
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
3.
U
Highlights
Irregular
Irreg
lar
Good
Bad
Far
Li le
Many
.
Be er than
an
Worse than
Farther
her than
Further
urther than
Less than
More than
5.
I
The most interesting
a. interesƟng ..........................................................
b. weak
The weakest
..........................................................
..
c. boring
The most boring .........
..........................................................
d. narrow
The narrowest ..............
..........................................................
......
e. funny
The funniest
st
..........................................................
...................
......
f. careful
The most.........
careful
caref
eful
..........................................................
...................
g. old
Thee.......
oldest
dest
..........................................................
.............................
........
h. gentle
gentlest
The
gentle
stt................
..........................................................
.................
.. tlest
.....
...........
i. thin
The
thinnestt ......
..........................................................
.........................................
.....................
........
j. happy
The
happiest
happies
happi
..........................................................
.........................................
...................
... est
....
4.
O
Unit 3
The best
The worst
The farthest
farthe
The furthest
furt
least
The le
The most
:
Wh
Who
ho is the best
b student?
You
You
Student’s answers.
Your
classmate
Yo
ur cla
What is the best inven on?
W
You
Your classmate
Who is the strongest person
in his/her house?
You
,
.
Student´s
answers.
Stud
a. .............................
...............................................................................
.......
......
.............................
....................................................................................
.........................
....................................................................................
b. ..............
...............................................................................
...............
....................................................................................
...........
....................................................................................
Your classmate
Who is the friendliest at school?
You
Your classmate
Twenty-seven
27
Unit 3
Nine of the most
beautiful places in
n the world
Who is the cleverest person he/she
knows?
You
We live in a world blessed
ssed with sights that
d words. Every human
are beau ful beyond
reams of visi ng at lea
being probably dreams
least
laces in their life me. Li
one of those places
Living
in modern ci es with high-rise bu
buildings,
we tend to miss out on what Mother
Nature has to offer as well as ssome of the
most incredible man-made sstructures built
roughout
gho the course of h
throughout
history.
Your classmate
Who is the quietest classmate?
You
Your classmate
The Great Barrier Reef
Australia
Cape Town
South Africa
Your classmate
assmate
Canadian Rockies
Canada
Taj Mahal
India
©iStockphoto.com/
TomzKunst
©iStockphoto.com/
ginevre
What was the best moment
him/her?
ent for him/h
him
You
©iStockphoto.com/
x-drew
Your classmate
The Grand Canyon
United States
©iStockphoto.com/
LouisHiemstra
©iStockphoto.com/KJA
What was the happiest day for
or him/her?
im/her?
You
Shangrila
Pakistan
©iStockphoto.com/
sculpies
Skardu Va
Valley
Pakistan
Pakis
kistan
©iStockphoto.com/
traveler1116
photo.com//
©iStockphoto.com/
alirazakhatrii
Your classmate
©iStockphoto.com/
ericfoltz
L
What is the most interes ng place?
You
Machu Picchu
Peru
The Pyramids
Egypt
Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreak Media/Thinkstock
E
28
Twenty-eight
.
Student’s answers.
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
Unit 3
Reinforcement
V
To agree .........................
To go (on) ..........................
To treasure
sure ....................
To connect .....................
To know ............................
To use ............................
To date back ...................
To revolu onize .................
To wonder .................
.....................
To experience ................
To shorten .........................
To work ................
.........................
VOCABULARY
ARY
Change .................................................
Treasure
Treasur
ure ...................................................
..............
..............
Clean ....................................................
Wonde
....
Wonderful ..........
................................................
....
Electricity .............................................
.........
....
Field .....................................................
...............
.....
Guy .......................................................
.....................
Inven on .............................................
....................
.......
......
Own .....................................................
.............................
................
.....
Penicillin ...............................................
.................................
............... .....
Research .............................................
.................................
...............
Technological ........................................
Listenin
A
.
1.
What is the most important invention in your opinion?
2.
Who is your best friend?
3.
What is the most interesting subject at school?
4.
What is the worst day of the week for you?
5.
What is the most interesting thing to do on Sundays?
Twenty-nine
29
30
Thirty
Notes
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. ........
.
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. .....
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..
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©iStockphoto.com/rphotos geƩ
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tureLake
©iStockphoto.com/Pichotod
iva
©iStockphoto.com/1P
©iSt photo.com/PictureLake
©iStock
/TonyBaggeƩ
©iStockphoto.com
Unit 3
Introduction
Unit 4
Havee you alread
already
ady p
playe
played a
musical
sical
cal instru
instrume
instrument?
Digi
ita
ta Vision./Photodisc/Thinkstock
Digital
Have you watc
watched a film recently?
y
Has your
friend met you at school?
Has your teacher taught you many things?
©iStockphoto.com/Veni
u lived
d in your city?
How long havee you
©iStockphoto.com/craŌvision
©iStockphoto.com/mevans
©iStockphoto.com/Trochka_T
died
d English?
En sh?
How long have you studied
©iStockphoto.com/skodonnell
Have you ever been abroad?
©iStockphoto.com/dra_schwartz
©iStockphoto.com/pavlen
Where have you gone?
©iStockphoto.com/narvikk
ckphoto.com/narvikk
kphoto.com/narvikk
hoto.com/narvik
o.com/na
Where have you been lately?
Thirty-one
31
Unit 4
An email
mail
to Alp´s family
amily
Dear Mom and Dad,
I have done many things lately that is why itt took
ok me a longg time to write to you.
My host family, my friends, my teachers and many
nyy others I knew here in the U.S.A. have
been just great and concerned about me.
They take me to several places and provide
de information
formation such
suc as
a ccultural facts, important
celebrations, typical food, habits and clothing.
thing.
ng.
g I have
ha learne
learned tthings that raise eyebrows
because they are too different compared
ared to our
ur culture.
ccult
Last weekend I went to a riverboat
oat tour.
our. It was
w simply
simp y eexciting! We went down the Snake
River rapids using a rubber dinghy.
worry,
ghy.
y Don’t
Don t worr
woorry,
y Mom!
y,
Mo We
W used some special equipment like
a helmet and a life vest. Of course,
ourse,
e,, you
y need a ggroupp of friends who enjoy adventure just like
you.
Besides such an exciting
pastime,
tingg ppastim
time,
me,, I have ridd
rridden a streetcar, gone to exhibitions, concerts,
plays and I have had lotss of
o fun.
fun
un.
I forgot to ask about myy sister Asale
Asalet and my brother Akil. How are they? I miss them
A
very much and I miss both of you
y too.
too
Much Love,
e,,
Alpp
Unit 4
Verbs
To compare
To forget
To provide
e
To do
To miss
te
To write
To need
VOCABULARY
Adventure
Both
ing
Clothing
oncer
ert
Concert
ExciƟ
xciƟn
ng
ExhibiƟon
Eyebrow
yebrow
Helmet
Hos
Host
Ho
Hoste
Hostess
Lif
Life vest
PasƟme
Play
Riverboat
Rubber dinghy
Streetcar
Tour
Typical
Thirty-three
33
Unit 4
Highlights
The Present
Perfect Tense
Hò/HÝ + PÝã ÖÙã®®Ö½
Ùã®®Ö½
Past
Present
We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk aboutt an
n acƟ
ac on which started
starte in the past
and conƟnuous up to now.
I have studied English for three
th
years.
nce 1999
He has lived in this city since
1999.
We also use the Present Perfect Tense
ense
e to
o talk about
a out a past
pas acƟon that has the result
in the present.
I have lost my keys.
ys. (I don’t
don’’t have
hav them
t
now)
ho
home
Have you finished your homework?
We use the Present Perfect
erfect
ct Tense
Tense to talk about
abo
a
experiences. It is important if we
ur livess orr not
not. It iss n
not iimportant when we did them.
have done them in our
They
hey have
ha gone to Eur
Europe twice.
eveer broken
br
Have you ever
a leg?
Exercises
xercises
1.
WÙ®ã ã« Ý
ÝÄãÄÝ ®ÄãÊ
PÙÝÄã PÙ¥ã TÄÝ.
ã« PÙÝÄ
b. I – to see – this film – before.
I have seen this film before.
c. My parents – to buy – a new car.
My parents have bought a new car.
a. Mary – to write – some emails.
Maryy has
h written some emails.
d. She – to go – home.
She has gone home.
34
Thirty-four
e. They – to be married.
Unit 4
2.
CÊÃÖ½ã
çÝ®Ä¦ ã«
óÊÙÝ Ý ùÊç «Ù ã« CD.
They have been married.
already yet just
ust since for
latelyy recently
©iStockphoto.com/Grafissimo
An acƟon that was completed in the
recent past: Just.
Jane has just le for school.
The plane has just taken off.
a. My brother has ..................................
..just
.........
leŌ for a
le
trip.
.............
..............
finished
n
b. I have ......................................
my
already
work.
k.
homework.
for
h
marr ..............................
c. My parents have
been married
25 years
ars.
years.
yet
d.. Ha
Hasn’t the
he newspa
newspaper arrived .............................?
have had too many tests ...............
e. Some
S
students
st
entts hav
ent
An acƟon that conƟnues in the present
or that indicates a period of Ɵme:
ly.
since – for – recently – lately.
rrece
tly....... .
...
.......recently
.......
..............
.........
............................
since
high
ff. We
W have b
been friends ................................
school.
lately
gg. M
My mom
m
has cooked for us ..............................
.
maid has .............................
cleaned the
h. The
T m
just
hous
house.
pens
When something happens
pect:
t:
earlier than we expect:
et.
already – yet.
already
fed the dog.
i. I have .........................................
j. The Johnsons have been our neighbors .................
for
......................
10 years.
THE PRESENT PER
PERFECT TENSE
AFFIRMATIVE
FIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
stu
They have already studied.
She has just leŌ for school.
the U.S.A.
I have been to th
bought books.
We have bough
My friends have come.
The train has arrived.
play has just started.
The pla
Have they already studied?
Has she just leŌ for school?
Have I been to the U.S.A.?
Have we bought books?
Have my friends come?
Has the train arrived?
Has the play just started?
They have not studied yet.
She has not leŌ for school.
I haven’t been to the U.S.A.
We haven’t bought books.
My friends haven’t come.
The train hasn’t arrived.
The play hasn’t started yet.
Thirty-five
35
Unit 4
3.
C«Ä¦ ã«
ÝÄãÄÝ ®ÄãÊ ã«
®ÄãÙÙÊ¦ã®ò Ä
Ä¦ã®ò ¥ÊÙÃÝ.
a. I have already wriƩen an email to my teacher.
Have you already written an email to
my teacher I haven’t written an
email to my/your teacher?
Why haven´t you phoned me?
c.
I haven’t phoned you becausee I was busy.
Who havee you visited?
d.
ur grandparents.
We have visited our
ng have you had this lapto
p
How long
laptop?
e.
b. She has lived in the same house for 5 years.
Has she lived in the same...?
She hasn´t lived in the same... .
c. The concert has been canceled.
Has the concert been canceled...?
The concert hasn´t been canceled.
I have had this laptop for about a year.
5..
CÊÃÖ½ã
CÊÃÖ½
ÊÃÖ½ã çÝ®Ä¦ ¥ÊÙ ÊÙ Ý®Ä.
Since
aa. .....................
.........................
.S
................
.........
.. last month.
For
.........................
two years.
b. ....
....................
.........
.....
......
d. They have traveled abroad.
Have they traveled abroad??
road.
d.
They haven´t traveled abroad.
e. I have already eaten some bread.
read..
aten anyy bread?
bread
Have you already eaten
atenn any bread.
bread
ad.
You haven´t eaten
Since
c. .........................
...................
.........
..........
two o’clock.
Sinc
Since
d. .......
d
............
.........................
....
then.
Since
Christmas.
e .........................
e.
....... S
Since
.........................
I finished high school.
f. ..
For
a long Ɵme.
gg. .........................
Since
h. .........................
I was born.
Since
i. .........................
December.
Since
j. .........................
I met her.
4.
WÙ®ã ØçÝã®ÊÄÝ ¥ÊÙ
ã«ÊÝ
Ý ÄÝóÙÝ:
a.
THE MEANING OF THE
cooke for dinner?
What has your mom cooked
som vegetables for dinner.
My mom has cooked some
b.
Who has been to the rock concert?
Some friends h
have been to the rock concert.
36
Thirty-six
CURIOSITY:
FOLLOWING NAMES
AÝ½ã:
Nobility, grandeur
A»®½:
Smart, intelligent, thoughƞul,
one who uses reason
A½Ö:
Brave, heroic, courageous
Unit 4
Reinforcement
V
To compare ...................
To forget ...........................
To provide
vide ........................
To do ............................
To miss .............................
To write .........................
............................
To need .............................
VOCABULARY
ARY
Adventure ............................................
Hostess
ess .....................................................
...............
.....................................................
Both .....................................................
Life ve
vest ..............
.....
.....................................
....................................................
...
Clothing ...............................................
P sƟ
PasƟ
Ɵme
m .....
......
....................................
me
....................................................
.........
...
Concert ...............................................
Play
Pl
ay ...........
....................................
..........................................................
..............
ExciƟng ................................................
Riverb
Riverboat
....................................
.................................................
...................
..............
ExhibiƟon .............................................
Rub
Rubbe
.......................................
Rubber dinghy ..........................................
.......................
.....
......
Eyebrows .............................................
Stre
.....................................
Streetcar .................................................
............................
.................
.....
Helmet .................................................
....................................
Tour ..........................................................
.................................
.............. ....
Host .....................................................
.....................................
Typical ......................................................
Listenin
AÄÝóÙ ã« Ø
ØçÝã®ÊÄÝ ùÊç «Ù.
1.
How long have you studied English?
2.
Have you ever traveled abroad?
3.
Has your friend learned a foreign language?
4.
Have you read any books recently?
5.
Has your teacher taught you new things?
Thirty-seven
9
37
38
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Thirty-eight
...............
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......
. ..............
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....
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©iStockphoto.com/pavlen
©iStockphoto.com/mevans
Unit 4
Unit 5
Introduction
I have been traveling and meeting new people!
I havee been living abroad
for nine months.
©iStockphoto.com/duncan1890
She has been
studying aall day long.
©iStockphoto.com/dra_schwartz
©iStockphoto.com/skynesher
©iStockphoto.com/2ndLookGraphics
©iStockp
©
ock
c photo.co
com/al
com
co
/aald
domu
omurrill
illlo
o
©iStockphoto.com/aldomurillo
©iStockphoto.com/igroup
©iStockphoto.com/Franck-Boston
©
©iSt
©iStockphoto.com/
©iStockphoto.com
ph
h
om/Franck-Boston
m/Franck-Boston
The company has been exporting to
Europe since last year.
We have been attending English
classes all year long.
My friends have been
waiting for the school
bus for 30 minutes.
My friends and I have been going out lately.
Thirty-nine
39
Unit 5
I have been
learning many things
g
about other culture
cultur
ture
A is at home and starts to wonder...
Alp
hav been learning so much since my
I have
arrival... My friends and I have been going out,
we have been to amusement parks, we have
been watching football games, and much more.
I can’t imagine what I haven’t done yet!
a. She
he
I have an idea! I am going to call Lea.
aven
n’t
is going to remind me of the places I haven’t
gone to yet.
use I need some
som
Alp: Lea I am calling you because
boutt the places
places you
help. I would like to know about
o name
ame them?
m?
haven’t taken me. Are you able to
ese places,
pl es, I’m going
goin
Lea: Well, if I name all these
to stayy on the p
phone for hours.
40
Forty
Alp: But,
ut, can you give me an
any suggestions...
ve been wondering if there
th are places..., I
I have
ean...,
n..., I do w
want to kno
mean...,
know if there is a nice
place to visit next w
weeke
weekend.
Lea: Of course
ourse m
my lo
lovely friend. I suggest the
Grand
Gran
rand Canyon
Canyon, La
Las Vegas, the White House,
Di
Disn
neyy World
World...
Disney
Alp: Lea, I am serious! I have been learning so
Alp:
much ggoing out with you.
Lea
ea: Okay,
Ok let me think... hum... What do you
Lea:
think
hi about Central Park? We haven’t been
the
there yet and there will be a show and some
o
outdoor activities.
Alp: I think it is fantastic. We are going to have
much fun. We can p
plan a p
picnic too.
Unit 5
Verbs
To call
To name
To remind
To have fun
To plan
To startt
To wonder
To imagine
VOCABULARY
V
RY
Amusement
Arrival
velyy
Lovely
Fun
un
Highlights
The Present Perfect
rfect Co
Contin
Continu
Continuous
P
I
N
been
I have be
studying.
studyi
Have I been
studying?
I haven’t been
studying.
He has
been learning.
Has he
been learning?
He hasn’t
been learning.
I
Y
W
T
H
S
I
Past
Present
Forty-one
41
Unit 5
The Present Perfect Con nuous
emphasizes the dura on of an ac on.
I have been working for the same company for 8 years.
ast year.
He has been living in another country since last
The ac on recently stopped
or is s ll going on.
They have been working for the same
ame company for 12 years.
ye
He has been living here since 2000.
A finished ac on
n that
d the
e pre
t
influenced
present.
I have been studying
ng all dayy long.
hool since
sinc earlyy in
i the
t morning.
She has been att school
LATED TO THE PRESENT
P
PRES
WORDS RELATED
PERFECT
ND PRESENT
ENT PERFE
AND
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
All day long
forr
since
ce
late
lately
recently
so far
un l now
nt perfect con
n nuo
nuous tense is o en used (with for or since) to describe
The present
how long something has been ha
happening up to now.
Exercises
1.
have been trying
b. I .....................................................................
to
convince my friends to go to a rock concert. (to try)
C
P
42
P
has been reading
c. My mom ....................................................................
..................... a book for two weeks. (to read)
.
have been attending
a. My frien
friends and I .....................................................
...........
............................... classes all day long. (to a end)
Forty-two
has been talking
d. My sister ................................................................
.............. on the phone for fi een minutes. (to talk)
have been learning
e. We ..........................................................................
........................... English for two months. (to learn)
has been exercising
f. The athlete ..............................................................
all day long. (to exercise)
hasn´t been taking
g. Alice .............................................................
books
to classes recently. (to taking – nega ve)
have been looking for
h. My parents ............................................................
. for a new house since January. (to look for)
have been working
i. I ...................................................................
on my
papers for three hours so far. (to work)
have been waiting for
j. The kids ..............................................................
the bus for thirty minutes. (to wait for)
2.
A
3.
U
Unit 5
.A
.
a. Doing/you/have/recently/what/been?
cently/what/been?
hat
What
have you been ……………
……………………………………………………..…………………………
………………………..
………………………..…
doing recently?
……………………………..…………
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…
……………………………………………………..…………………………
al/have/exa
ons/fo
/been/the/I/studying.
b. Final/have/examina
ons/for/been/the/I/studying.
....................................................................................
................
..........
ve been
s udyin
fo ……..……
I have
studying
……
……………………………………
…………
………
… … for
……
………
……………
…… …
……
………
……
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the
final
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…………
……..…
……
…
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
…
……………………………………………………..…………………………
examinations
examinat
examinations.
……
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……… ati
……
….....…
……
…
……
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…… …
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…
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…
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…
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…
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……m/……
…
…
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skodonnell
.....................
.....
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cc. TThe/outs
he/
m /playing/kids/since
The/outside/been/have/9:00a.m./playing/kids/since.
....................................................................................
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..................
The kids have been playing outside
…………
……………………………………………………..…………………………
since 9:00 am.
……
……………………………………………………..…………………………
…
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.
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Students’
s’
answers.
nswers
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©iStockphoto.co
d. French/students/have/some/classes/a ending
/been.
....................................................................................
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Some students have attended
……………………………………………………..…………………………
French classes.
……………………………………………………..…………………………
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e. Touris c/have/a rac ons/gone/to/we/few.
....................................................................................
...............................
We have gone to few
……………………………………………………..…………………………
touristic attractions.
……………………………………………………..…………………………
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Forty-three
43
Harlem Meer
Unit 5
4.
R
T
G
H
.
T
L
The Pool
Central Park is a public park in the center of
Manha an in New York City, United States. The park
ini ally opened in 1857, on 3.41 km2 of city-owned
land. Central Park, has been a Na onal Historic
Landmark since 1963.
N
M
M
The park contains several natural-looking lakes
and ponds that have been created ar ficially,
extensive walking tracks, bridle paths, two iceska ng rinks - one of which is a swimming pool in July
and August. It also has Central Park Zoo, the Central
Park Conservatory Garden, a wildlife sanctuary, a
large area of natural woods, a 106-acre billion-gallon
reservoir with an encircling running track, and an
eater,
er,
outdoor amphitheater, called the Delacorte Theater,
mer
which hosts the “Shakespeare in the Park” Summer
ere Castle.
fes vals. Indoor a rac ons include Belvedere
or and minor
In addic on, there are numerous major
ed for informal
grassy areas, some of which are used
de as quiet areas,
areas
or team sports, some are set aside
osed
d playgrounds
playgro nds for
and there are a number of enclosed
es within
hin the park are
children. The 6 miles of drives
teboa rs, an
and inlin
inline
used by joggers, cyclists, skateboarders,
eekends
nds and in th
the
he ev
evening
skaters, especially on weekends
evenings
obile traffic is prohibit
pr
roh
a er 7:00 p.m., when automobile
prohibited.
E
Jacqueline
Jacq
acquelin Kennedy Onassis
Reservoir
T
Metropolitan
Museum
of Art
Turtle Pond
44
Forty-four
Forty-four
Conservatory
Water
The Lake
B
G
E
G
©iStockphoto.com/Lya_Ca
kphoto.com/Lya_Ca el
©iStockphoto.com/MichaelStubblefield
©iStockphoto.com/sbonk
T
S
M
H
P
The Pond
TOP PLACES
TO VISIT
• Running
• Strawberry Fields
• Carriage Rides
re
• Delacorte Theatre
• Concerts
stle
• Belvedere Castle
• Shakespeare in the Park
tory Garden
• Conservatory
©iStockphoto.com/johnandersonphoto
TOP THINGS
TO DO
Unit 5
• Great Lawn
eep Meadow
• Sheep
he
• Bethesda
Terrace
• Bandshell
Bandshel
• Carousel
arousel
©iStock
©iStockphoto.com/SDdT
• Heckscher
ckscher Playground
Playgr
Pla
5.
A
• Alice
A ce in Wonderland
Wo
•H
Harlem Meer
• Zoo
Z
.
a. From the list above,, what are the things
thing
ng lately?
you have been doing
Students’
answers.
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b. What are the things yyou have never done?
Stud
Students’ answers.
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c. What places would you like to visit if you
were in Central Park?
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d. What ac vi es would you like to prac ce
if you visited Central Park?
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Forty-five
45
Unit 5
CENTRAL PARK ZOO
• Amphibians
• Penguins
• Swan Goose
• Bats
• Polar Bears
mandua
• Tamandua
• Birds
• Red Panda
• Tamarins
• Black and White Ruffed
• Rock Cavy
• Toads
• Silvery Marmoset
Torttoises
• Tortoises
• Bufflehead Duck
• Snakes
• Tu ed Puffin
ns
• California Sea Lion
• Snow Leopard
• Two-Toed Sloth
Lemurs
• Co on-Top Tamarin
D
• Doves and Pigeons
R
O
Z
H
• Fish
S
• Frogs
C
• Golden Lion-Headed
M
8E
F
Tamarin
• Harbor Seal
B
N
S
• Insects & Arthropods
TEMPERATE
TERRITORY
S
L
P
C
A
E
• Japanese Macaque
• Lizards
oats
• Mini-Nubian Goats
TROPIC
ZONE
T
L
CENTRAL PARK WILDLIFE CENTER
CENTR
CE
• Parrots
Golden lion-headed
.........................................
........G
tamarin.
©iStockphoto.com/amwu
Monkey.
...........................................
Snake.
...........................................
©iStockphoto.com/peterkirillow
Swan Goose
©iStockphoto.com/GlobalP
©iStockphoto.com/Enjoylife2
Forty-six
©iStockphoto.com/Lynn_Bystrom
©iStockphoto.com/alptraum
©iStockp
photo
h .com/
.
Toad.
.............................
...........................................
46
A
D
• Mouse Deer
N
G
I
T
Polar bear.
...........................................
64
A
S
©iStockphoto.com/leksele
Penguin.
enguin.
ng.. ................
...........................................
.........
©iStockphoto.com/zinchik
Anteater
Deer.
...........................................
Lizard.
...........................................
©iStockp
o hoto.com/GlobalP
Deer.
...........................................
Unit 5
Red Panda
Reinforcement
V
To call ...................................................
To plan
an ................
..............
......................................................
To imagine ............................................
To rem
remind ...........
.....
.................................................
.....
To have fun ...........................................
To st
tart
art ......
.....
start
.....................................................
..........
....
To name ................................................
TTo wonder
w
.................................................
VOCABULARY
VOCABULA
VOCABUL
Amusement ..........................................
...............................
..... ..............
...
..................................
.......................
Arrival .................................................
..................................
.........
Fun ......................................................
.................................
Lovely ...................................................
Listenin
A
:
1.
What have you been studying lately?
2.
Have you been living at the same address for seven years?
3.
Who has been working a lot recently?
4.
Have you been typing emails lately?
5.
How long have you been studying English?
Forty-seven
47
48
Notes
Forty-eight
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Unit 5