Chapter 16 - Portal Eleva

INGLÊS
Chapter 16
67
7º Ano
Vocabulary: travel / Requests and permissions: can
Você pode pensar que viajar somente vale pela
diversão, mas vai muito além disso. Temos a oportunidade
de sair de nossa própria cultura e conhecer a de outras
pessoas e, muitas vezes, conhecer o outro. E, por meio
desse conhecimento, fica cada vez mais forte a noção
de quem somos, a nossa identificação. Além do prazer
de comprar objetivos diferentes, experimentar pratos
exóticos e tirar várias fotos.
Neste módulo, aprenderemos um pouco mais de
vocabulário sobre viagens e como nos comunicarmos
durante o passeio. Aproveite!
1. Vocabulary
©iStockphoto.com/Leonardo Patrizi
Para você, por que vale a pena viajar?
Objetivo:
–Abordar pedidos e permissões por meio da estrutura “can”,
juntamente com o vocabulário relacionado a viajar.
1.1 Air travel – related words
1.2 Bus × coach
Check-in – the place where you go first when you arrive
at an airport, to show your ticket, etc.; the act of showing
your ticket, etc.; when you arrive at an airport.
Landing – an act of bringing an aircraft or a spacecraft
down to the ground after a take-off.
Sightseeing – the activity of visiting interesting buildings
and places as a tourist.
A bus is a large road vehicle that carries passengers,
especially one that travels along a fixed route and stops
regularly to let people get on and off.
Liner
E.g.:
Shall we walk or go by bus?
(A regular bus service connects the train station with
the town centre-short distance.)
A coach (British English) is a comfortable bus for
carrying passengers over long distances.
©iStockphoto.com/AdrianHancu
©iStockphoto.com/fallbrook
The words below are some of the most important used
when talking about travel.
board (plane / ship / train / bus)
set off on a journey – to start a long journey
set out a journey – to start a journey, especially a long one
take off – to leave the ground and begin to fly
Coach
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Chapter 16
E.g.:
They went to Italy on a coach tour.
(Travel is by coach overnight to Berlin.)
1.3 Subway × Tube × Metro
Tube (or The Tube) is the underground railway system
in London.
E.g.:
We come to school by tube.
Underground (or the Underground, Br E) is an
underground railway/railroad system in a city. In
American English, it is called subway.
E.g.:
I always travel by underground.
Metro (also The Metro) is an underground train
system, especially the one in Paris.
E.g.:
I love traveling on/by the metro.
Available at: <esl.about.com>(adapted).
2. Grammar
2.1 Can for permission
Can is commonly used in speech to ask permission,
especially in questions and negative sentences. See notes
regarding formal and informal usage.
3. Attention
Wrong
Right
You don’t can go
outside.
You can’t go
outside.
You can not go
outside.
You cannot go
outside.
He cans smoke
outside.
He can smoke
outside.
Why?
Can does not
use the “do”
auxiliary.
Write “can’t” or
“cannot.”
Can is not
marked for 3rd
person.
If you haven’t, someday you will know about the
rivalry between England and France. (If you’re too
curious, just ask your History teacher.) Anyway, now
these cities are even more connected. Let’s learn more
about that?
Travel in style and comfort in order to avoid the
hassle of airports with the Eurostar high-speed rail
service. There are frequent Eurostar services from
London St. Pancras International to Paris and Brussels
daily. Travel from Paris to Central London in just two
hours and 15 minutes, or from Brussels in one hour
and 51 minutes. Travel at 300 km/h (186 mph) all the
way from the Continent to London on the UK’s first
high-speed line.
Can and other expressions are used informally in
speech to request permission.
Eurostar destinations include Ashford (Kent),
Calais Frethun, Disneyland Paris and Lille. In
summer, you can catch the Eurostar direct to Avignon.
In winter, services run to the ski resorts of Moutiers
and Bourg St Maurice in the Alps. Eurostar Connections can also link you to more than 100 continental
destinations, ranging from buzzing Amsterdam and
historic Cologne to the sun-drenched glamour of
Biarritz and Marseille.
E.g.:
Can I leave early?
Is it OK if I leave early?
Is it a problem if I leave early?
I need to leave. Do you mind?
We’re leaving early. You don’t mind, do you?
Eurostar ticket prices vary to meet all budgets.
For cheap Eurostar tickets, book ahead to enjoy
the cheapest fares – from £ 69 / € 76 adult return.
Discounts are available for children (aged 2-12),
young people (under 26) and over 60s. A £ 5 booking
fee applies to all telephone bookings.
E.g.:
Can I smoke on the plane before the take-off?
No sir, only after you leave the plane.
2.2 Can for requests and permission
Available at: <www.grammar-quizzes.com>.(adapted).
Vocabulary: travel / Requests and permissions: can
INGLÊS
Chapter 16
All Eurostar trains are wheelchair accessible and
there are wheelchair fares available for people who
are unable to walk. If you require this fare, or have
other accessibility requirements, check the Special
Assistance section on the Eurostar website.
Get two for one entry for paying exhibitions at
some of London’s best museums and galleries when
you travel by Eurostar. Participating museums include
the British Museum, Tate Modern, the Victoria and
Albert Museum, and The National Gallery. The offer
applies to inbound travellers only. For the Eurostar
timetable, see Eurostar’s website.
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Flight attendant: Madam, _______ fasten your seat belt,
please?
Passenger: Sure, no problem. _______ have a window
seat, please?
Flight attendant: I’m sorry. There are no window seats left.
Passenger: _______ use my cell phone during the flight?
Flight attendant: No, sorry. Anything else, madam?
Passenger: _______ have a glass of water, please?
Flight attendant: Sure, madam. Here you are.
Read the dialogue above and answer question 05.
05 Where is this dialogue happening?
If you want to travel with your car, Eurotunnel
runs a high-speed car train service between Calais
and Folkestone.
Available at: <www.visitlondon.com>.
01 Fill in blanks with the correct wod:
liner – check-in – off – sightseeing – landing – out – coach
01 Unscramble the words:
a.Hccek-ni
b.cohac
c.idlagnn
d. taek fof
e.igietshgnes
02 Use the words from exercise 01:
a. Tomorrow we are having a _______ tour of the city.
b. The plane _______ _______ an hour late.
c. We have to arrive at _______ at least two hours before
departure.
d. We’ll have a perfect and smooth _______.
e. A _______ is a comfortable bus for carrying passengers over long distances.
03 Rearrange the words and make up sentences with the
modal auxiliaries:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Can / I / newspaper? / read / your
help / me / Can / this box? / with / you
at / work. / can’t / jeans / We / wear
the / cat / Can / feed / please? / you
04 Fill in the gaps with Can you or Can I:
Flight attendant: _______ show me your passport, please?
Passenger: Sure. Here you are.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
We’re at the airport, let’s pay attention to our _______
There is _______ tours in Rio de Janeiro
The _______ isn’t a pleasent moment.
The plane is taking _______
It’s a vehicle used to long distances and it is a comfotable bus for carrying passengers: _______
f. Let’s go _______ this night.
g. It’s a vehicle used to carry on people among ocean
ports in long distances:
02 What is the difference between a bus and a coach?
03 Fill in the gaps with the vocabulary:
a. Passengers are waiting to _______ the plane.
b. The airline apologizes for long delays at _______
today.
c. They went to Italy on a _______ tour. They really are
a cheerful coach party.
d. In a few moments Jane is _______ in a liner for New
York.
04 Make up your own sentences with the words provided
below:
a. Set out
b.Board
c.Landing
d. Take off
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Chapter 16
05 Correct any mistakes:
a. You cannot leave your toys all over the place.
b. Tyler: Can I play outside with my friends?
c. John can borrow his father’s car to go to the party.
Concerning questions 1 and 2, choose the correct answer.
01 If you don’t curtail your spending, you’ll be broke in
no time at all!
Which word is a synonym of “curtail”?
(A)Reduce.
(B)Follow.
(C)Behind.
(D)Buy.
02 Put this medicine on your arm and rub it into your
skin until it’s invisible. It ill inhibit the infection’s attempt
to spread.
What does “inhibit” mean?
(A) Live in a certain place.
(B) Block or slow down.
(C) Itch or burn.
(D) Help to do something important.
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71
©iStockphoto.com/coloroftime
Chapter 17
INGLÊS
Gerund / Why? – Because
7º Ano
Você é curioso?
Por que isso, por que aquilo? Vou te contar um
segredo: jamais nos cansaremos de perguntar o porquê
das coisas. E vou te contar outro: neste módulo vamos
aprender a perguntar o porquê das coisas em inglês.
Também vamos aprender a usar o gerúndio, que difere
um pouco do nosso português. Esse estudo se inicia agora,
mas não termina aqui. Vamos lá!
Objetivo:
–Abordar os gerúndios dos verbos que acompanham “love/
like”, e a estrutura “Question word: Why? / Because”,
juntamente com o vocabulário “walk the dog” × “walk with
the dog.
© iStockphoto.com / Thomas_EyeDesign
© iStockphoto.com / eurobanks
1. Vocabulary
The little boy is horse-back riding.
The woman is walking three dogs.
Walk the dog or walk with the dog?
English prepositions may sometimes seem tricky to
understand and learn. Here’s an example.
“Walk the dog” generally means to take the dog out
so that he can relieve himself.
On the other hand, “walk with your dog” would mean
that the dog is trotting along on an equal footing as the
human accompanying it.
Summing up, you walk a dog or you dog walk.
I love hitting the road whenever I can. It’s a fantastic
experience. (= traveling)
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Chapter 17
2. Grammar
2.1 -Ing form
E.g.:
Because I can’t go to Ben’s party.
Because I’m anxious.
Because it’s the best that I can do.
In English, the gerund is indicated by the -ing ending
at the end of a verb.
Recordando...
We call Present Continuous (or Present Progressive)
the structure To Be + Verb + -ing. It describes an action
that is happening at the moment we speak.
E.g.:
I am running.
He is reading.
She is writing.
Why do we use to be in these sentences?
Because it is an essential part of the Present Continuous Tense, which indicates what is happening.
Now, let’s learn something new:
I like cooking. = Eu gosto de cozinhar.
I enjoy swimming. = Eu gosto de nadar.
Jane loves working out. = Jane adora malhar. / Jane adora
academia.
The -ing form functions as a noun, although it looks
like a verb.
Attention: In this case, we don’t use to be before the -ing
form.
2.2 Why for questions
Why is used in questions to ask the reason for or
purpose of something.
01 Fill in the gaps with the suitable verb. Use the verbs
below in the -ing form:
Go – Have – Ride – Run – Talk – Visit – Walk – Cook
What do you like doing?
a. Sally: I like _______. Sometimes it gets boring, but
once I get in the kitchen it feels great. I also like
_______ my dog. She just loves _______ and, that
is my challenge: to control her a little. Running helps
me lose weight.
b. Gina: I like _______ to Mom and _______ to church
and _______ my friends.
c. Ronnie: I like _______ lunch with my school friends. I
also like _______ my bike.
02 Unscramble the words and make up interrogatives:
a. angry? / are / Why / you
b. are / serious? / so / Why / you
c. a nanny? / do / need / we / Why
03 Provide the answers to the questions in exercise 02.
Read the following extract and answer question 04.
Leslie’s main playlist has forty rock songs, fifteen
rap songs, and one country song. It also contains twelve
classical instrumentals.
Available at: <www.rhlschool.com>.
E.g.:
Why are you so sad?
Why do you eat so much?
Why are you doing this?
2.3 Because for answers
You use because to explain the reason for or purpose
of something.
04 Which statement is probably not true:
(A) Leslie likes music.
(B) Leslie’s favorite music is country.
(C) Leslie likes rock better than rap.
(D) Leslie listens to a wide range of music.
Read the following extract and answer question 05:
Gerund / Why? – Because
INGLÊS
Chapter 17
I think you’ll like your present, Scott. You’ll still be able
to use it for at least the next couple of months before the
weather gets too warm. It can be a lot of fun, especially
if you take a lesson or two first. Remember, people are
often injured by using these things if they don’t know
what they’re doing.
Available at: <www.rhlschool.com>.
05 Scott’s new present is a _______.
(A)rifle.
(B) tennis racquet.
(C) snow shovel.
(D)snowboard.
01 Provide the question for each given answer. Use the
cues in brackets:
a.
b.
_____________________________? (Johhny / late)
Because Johnny always wakes up late for school.
___________________________? (Jane / complain)
Because Matt is teasing her.
Read the text below and answer questions 02 to 04.
When I’m alone, extraordinary things happen on
ordinary days all the time.
Here are two reasons I love ______________ the road
solo:
I.
I am the master of the day.
Traveling alone can be like a giant playground for
adults, and there’s no one around to tell you when recess is
over. I can stay up late and sleep in or call it a night at 9:00
p.m. and wake up to watch the sunrise. The experiences
are mine and mine alone, and I enjoy _____________
time with me. Sky’s the limit.
II. I get to eat what I want.
I love ______________ at restaurants alone. Many
solo travelers prefer eating at the bar because they can
start a conversation, but there are times when I don’t
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feel like talking to strangers. I sit at the bar if I really
love the bartender, but usually I try to get a table so I can
experience the restaurant as most guests do.
What’s your favorite thing about traveling alone? Share
your thoughts by leaving a comment.
Adapted from: <intelligenttravel.nationalgeographic.com>.
Glossary:
Solo – alone
Recess – break
Feel like – want to have / do something
02 In the previous text, fill in the gaps with the suitable
verb in the -ing form. Use verbs: spend, eat, hit.
03 According to the text, what can you do when you are
traveling alone?
04 Which do you prefer – traveling alone or with
somebody? Why?
05 What are your favorite hobbies? Write three (3) things
you love doing. Make sure you use love + ing form.
Read the following extract and answer questions 01 and
02.
Luke is very competitive and loves to win when he
plays sports. Kyler doesn’t take sports all that seriously.
So when their tennis singles match was over, it was no
surprise that both boys were in a good mood, especially
Luke.
(Available at: <www.rhlschool.com>.)
01 Which statement is most likely true?
(A) Luke won the match.
(B) Kyler won the match.
(C) The game was rained out.
(D) Kyler was given a new truck.
Brad put a load of clothes into the washing machine.
An hour later, he unloaded the damp clothes and put them
into the dryer. Later, he unloaded the clothes and carried
them upstairs in a basket. To his dismay, Brad noticed that
the load of laundry didn’t smell nearly as fresh as usual.
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02 One of the following is the reason why the laundry
didn’t smell as fresh as usual. Which one is it?
(A) Brad forgot to turn on the washing machine.
(B) Brad wasn’t paid to do the laundry.
(C) Brad had forgotten to put detergent into the machine.
(D) The radio didn’t work.
You know what? Studying is great and necessary, but
we all should have some spare time to find new interests
in life. And as we explore these new interests, we will be
able to recognize the ones we like most, which might
develop into that specific career we might want to pursue
in the future.
Eustress
For those who aren’t overly stressed, and may actually
be under-stimulated, hobbies provide a nice source of
that kind of stress that we all need to remain feeling
excited about life. If the rest of your life is somewhat dull
or uninspiring, hobbies can provide meaning and fun,
and can break up a boring schedule, without feeling like
work. In other words, hobbies can provide just the right
amount of challenge.
Social Outlet
Hobbies are often thought of as activities for people
who lead quiet, relaxed lives. However, people with full,
busy, even stressful lives may need hobbies more than the
average person, and benefit greatly from having hobbies
in their lives. Hobbies bring many benefits that usually
make them more than worth the time they require. Here
are some of the advantages of having hobbies.
Many hobbies lend themselves to group activities:
golfing rotations, knitting circles, and creative writing
groups are good examples. Hobbies that connect you with
others can bring the added benefit of social support, which
can bring stress relief and meaning to life in a fun way. The
friends you have fun with can become some of your best
friends, so hobbies that bring you closer with others are
well worth your time.
Take a break
Pleasures
Hobbies provide a slice of work-free and responsibility-free time in your schedule. This can be especially
welcome for people who feel overwhelmed by all that they
have to do, and need to recharge their batteries by doing
something they enjoy. For those who feel overwhelmed
by responsibility, it may be difficult to find the time or
give themselves permission to take a break from a busy
schedule and just sit and relax. Engaging in hobbies,
however, can provide a break with a purpose, which can
help people feel that they’re not just ‘sitting around’, but
are using their own time for something productive. Either
way, hobbies provide a nice break in a busy week.
Positive psychology, a relatively new branch of
psychology that studies what makes life worthwhile,
has discovered that pleasures – activities that bring fun
to life – can be wonderful for relaxation and enjoyment
of the moment. Pleasures can bring a lift to your mood.
Because hobbies generally incorporate pleasures into your
life, maintaining hobbies can be good for your overall
sense of joy in life.
Available at: <stress.about.com>.
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Chapter 18
INGLÊS
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Means of transportation /
Prepositions of direction
O homem nasceu para o movimento. A questão é
que, nesse mundo tão grande, nossas pernas não são o
suficiente. Por isso existem os meios de transporte, parte
do que vamos aprender neste módulo.
E, continuando na onda do movimento, vamos
aprender um pouco sobre preposições, esssas pequenas
palavras que nos dizem tanto. Ah, mais uma coisa, especialmente com as preposições, é importante visualizar as
relações de sentido das preposições, ok? Vamos lá!
©iStockphoto.com/Li Zhongfei
Você se considera uma pessoa agitada?
Objetivo:
–Abordar as preposições de direção juntamente com o
vocabulário de meios de transporte.
1. Vocabulary
Taxi
Train
Subway
Car
Bicycle
Motorcycle
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Chapter 18
2.2 Into
To a position in or inside something.
E.g.:
Come into the house.
She is diving into the water.
He is throwing the letter into the fire.
Ferry (boat)
Note: You get…
Into
A car
An helicopter
A taxi
A boat
An elevator
Onto
A train
A bus
A ship
A plane
A ferry
2.3 Off (of)
Plane
Helicopter
2. Prepositions of direction
Prepositions of direction are the ones that indicate
how one thing is moving in relation to another. This can
be contrasted to prepositions of place, which indicate how
one thing is situated in relation to another.
Prepositions of direction tell you where to go or
where to put something. Some common prepositions of
movement are: onto, into, off of, out of.
2.1 Onto
Used with verbs to express movement on or to a
particular place or position.
E.g.:
Move the books onto the second shelf.
She stepped down from the train onto the platform.
Down or away from a place or at a distance in space
or time.
E.g.:
I fell off the ladder.
Keep off the grass!
An island off the coast of Spain.
They were still 100 metres off the summit.
Scientists are still a long way off finding a cure.
We’re getting right off the subject.
2.4 Out of
Away from the inside of a place or thing.
E.g.:
She is running out of the room.
Every day I get out of bed at 7:00 a.m.
Get out of that car.
Note: You get…
Out of
A car
An helicopter
A taxi
A boat
An elevator
Off of
A train
A bus
A ship
A plane
A ferry
Means of transportation / Prepositions of direction
INGLÊS
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Chapter 18
We use into because we are putting the book inside
the box.
E.g.:
Put the book into the box.
In English, it can be a little confusing to decide when
to use in and when to use on.
E.g.:
I’m in the car. (It’s logical to be in a car.)
E.g.:
I’m on the bus.
I’m on the train.
I’m on the plane.
(It’s not so logical to be on a bus or a train or a plane,
yet that’s the way we say it. While you are on the plane,
i.e. inside the plane, there is also a logo on the plane,
and two wings on the plane, though they’re not inside
with you. When in doubt, look up the proper term
in a dictionary.)
03 Use off of or out of.
© iStockphoto.com / TAGSTOCK1
These are old prepositions which are still in common
usage. They are both used with verbs that imply some sort
of movement or progress.
The plane glided onto the runway.
Gliding most certainly implies motion, so we can use
onto with it.
a. Paul goes to college by subway. He gets _______ the
subway every day at 7:00. His friend John goes to
college by car. John gets _______ his car every day
at 7:40.
b. Jenny goes to college by train. She gets _______ the
train every day at 6:00.
c. Mark is going to Niterói. If he goes by bus, he will
have to get _______ a bus or _______ a ferry.
d. Where is Lindsay?
She is over there, getting _______ that taxi.
a. The girl is coming _______ the car.
© iStockphoto.com / sierrarat
2.5 Using onto and into
7º Ano
01 Unscramble the words:
d.yfrerbota
e.tmorcyocel
f. ybiclce
02 Use into or onto:
© iStockphoto.com / olaser
b. The woman in black is coming _______ the plane.
© iStockphoto.com / ElsvanderGun
a.hiceolpetr
b.lpean
c.suywba
c. The tourists are stepping _______ the helicopter.
78
INGLÊS
Chapter 18
© iStockphoto.com / olaser
7º Ano
01 Rewrite the sentences using a verb + a preposition of
direction:
a. Jane is leaving the plane.
b. Mark is exiting the building.
c. Sarah is boarding the ship right away.
02 Find the following words in the word search puzzle
below:
Bicycle – Bus – Car – Ferryboat
Taxi – Helicopter – Motorcycle
d. The girl is coming _______ the train.
© iStockphoto.com / peart
04 In the picture below, is the train going into the tunnel
or out of the tunnel? Why?
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03 Unscramble the words and make up sentences.
Provide the suitable preposition:
05 Kim wants to drive her three kids and their two
friends to the soccer game. The problem is that her shiny
new SUV only has room for five passengers including the
driver.
Kim misses her old eight-passenger SUV, but she’s still
thankful that the new one gets much better gas mileage.
Which of the following statements is false?
(A) Kim’s new vehicle cannot carry six people.
(B) Kim’s old SUV has seating for more passengers than
the new one.
(C) Kim won’t be able to take her kids to the soccer game.
a. a gift / Donna / for her daughter. / is going / the store
/ to buy
b. is climbing / Samantha / the swimming pool. (exiting)
c. Debbie / the elevator. / is stepping (entering)
d. is coming / Matt / the train. (exiting)
04 Match the columns:
1. into / out of
2. onto / off of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
(
(
(
(
(
(
) Helicopter
) Ferryboat
) Ship
) Plane
) Car
) Taxi
05 Make up three sentences using the prepositions and
means of transportation from exercise 04.
Means of transportation / Prepositions of direction
INGLÊS
Chapter 18
01 Read the text below and answer question:
Karim has $ 500 to invest. He is considering a number
of options.
“I’d really like to buy gold bars with the money and
hide them in a big hole in our yard”, he says.
“Five hundred dollars won’t buy much gold”, his father
points out. “You can put all the gold in your shoe and
never notice that it’s there”.
“That takes all the fun out of it!” Karim groans. “I just
won’t buy any gold at all!”.
When his father suggests that Karim deposit the
money in his new saving account at the local bank, Karim
quietly states, “That could work”.
What does Karim want to buy?
(A) New shoes.
(B) A small gold coin.
(C) Gold bars.
(D) An used hamburger.
02 Read the text below and answer question:
Scientists in Australia have discovered a planet that
seems to be a solid diamond. They estimate it to be about
five times the size of Earth. The diamond planet is 4,000
light years away, so don’t plan on traveling there any time
soon.
Which one of the following do you think scientists needed
in order to make this discovery?
(A) A microscope.
(B) A smartphone.
(C) A jewelry store.
(D) A radio telescope.
Since we are talking about means of transportation,
why not a feat that required the collaboration of different
disciplines such as physics, chemistry, just to mention a few.
The Shanghai Maglev Train or Shanghai Transrapid is
a magnetic levitation train, or maglev line that operates
in Shanghai,China.
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7º Ano
It is the first commercially operated high-speed
magnetic levitation line in the world and only the third
Maglev line to be operated. The train line was designed
to connect Shanghai Pudong International Airport and
the outskirts of central Pudong where passengers could
interchange to the Shanghai Metro to continue their trip
to the city center.
Construction of the line began on March 1st, 2001,
and public commercial service commenced on 1st January
2004. The top operational commercial speed of this train
is 431 km/h, making it the world’s fastest train in regular
commercial service since its opening on April 2004.
During a non-commercial test run on November 12st
2003, a maglev train achieved a Chinese record speed of
501 km/h.
It cost $ 1.2 billion to build. The train set was built
by a joint venture of Siemens and ThyssenKrupp in
Kassel. The track (guideway) was built by local Chinese
companies who, as a result of the alluvial soil conditions
of the Pudong area, had to deviate from the original track
design of one supporting column every 50 meters to one
column every 25 meters, to ensure that the guideway
meets the stability and precision criteria. Several thousand
concrete piles were driven to depths up to 70 meters to
attain stability for the support column foundations. A
mile-long, climate controlled facility was built alongside
the line’s right of way to manufacture the guideways.
The electrification of the train was developed by
Vahle, Inc. Two commercial maglev systems predated the
Shanghai system: the Birmingham Maglev in the United
Kingdom and the Berlin M-Bahn. Both were low-speed
operations and closed before the opening of the Shanghai
Maglev Train.
The line is not a part of the Shanghai Metro network,
which operates its own service to Pudong Airport from
central Shanghai and from Longyang Road Station.
(Available at: <en.wikipedia.org>.)
Chapter 19
INGLÊS
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Furniture / Object pronouns ×
Subject pronous / Describing your
belongings
Em outros módulos, focalizamos a noção de mobilidade. Viajar é legal, mas, por melhor que seja a viagem,
chega aquela hora em que queremos a nossa casa, do
jeitinho como a deixamos. E, é disso que vamos tratar
neste módulo.
Vamos aprender a descrever o interior da nossa casa.
Não se esqueça de apresentar os seus conhecimentos já
adquiridos, ok?
©iStockphoto.com/Marc Dufresne
Quando você viaja, sente saudades de casa?
Objetivo:
–Abordar os pronomes do objeto e a estrutura para descrever
seus pertences, juntamente com o vocabulário de mobília.
Desk
Wardrobe and closet are two words that are often
confused due to the appearing similarity between them.
A closet is a small, enclosed cupboard or recess used
generally for keeping clothes and linen. It is also used to
store or keep household articles. Hence, it can be used
only to keep small household articles and not bigger ones.
The word closet is sometimes used in the sense of toilet
too especially in Britain. It is referred to by the form W.C.
that stands for water closet.
© iStockphoto.com / dnberty
© iStockphoto.com / masahironakano
© iStockphoto.com / 4774344sean
1. Vocabulary
Office chair
Wardrobe
On the other hand, a wardrobe is a large cupboard
with a large storing space to keep clothes. In fact, it is
used as a collective word for all the clothes that you may
have in your home. Hence, it is understood that the word
‘wardrobe’ is synonymous with any other word that has
the meaning of a place to keep clothes.
It is interesting to note that seasonal wardrobes are
also used in homes. A summer wardrobe would contain
all the clothes primarily used during the summer season.
Similarly, a winter wardrobe would hold all the clothes
primarily used during the winter season.
Available at: <www.differencebetween.com>.
Furniture / Object pronouns × Subject pronous /
Describing your belongings
INGLÊS
Chapter 19
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Bookshelf (bookshelves)
Bed
The term wood is used to refer to the trees, specifically it
refers to the substance that trees are made out of. Wood
is the hard, fibrous structural tissue that is commonly
found in the stems and roots of the trees. It is a natural
composite of cellulose fibers.
Timber, on the other hand, can be used to refer to
any stage of the wood after the tree has been cut down.
This may include the felled tree, the wood processed
for construction, wood pulp for paper production, etc.
Timber is also known as lumber.
Bedside table
In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth
countries such as Australia and New Zealand, the term
‘timber’ is used to refer to sawn wood products, such as
floor boards. However, in the United States and Canada,
‘timber’ usually refers to felled trees, whereas the sawn
wood products are referred to as ‘lumber.’ ‘Timber’ may
also used to describe sawn lumber that is not less than
5 inches (127 mm). This is the smallest dimension that
timber is available.
Available at: <www.differencebetween.com>.
2. Grammar
2.1 Object pronouns
The seven basic pronouns have one form when they
are used as subjects and another form when they are used
as objects.
Curtain
Subjects are what the sentence is about.
Objects are what is affected by the action of the subject.
E.g.:
I like whisky. (I = subject).
I read books. (Books = object).
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INGLÊS
Chapter 19
2.2 Pronouns
Subject Pronoun
I
You
He
She
It
We
You (plural)
They
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Object Pronoun
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
02 Complete the sentences with the correct object
pronoun:
Object pronouns are used instead of nouns, usually
because we already know what the object is. It makes
the sentence easier to read and understand and avoids
repetition. We normally use object pronouns after a verb
or a preposition.
E.g.:
I like horses.
Horses don’t like me.
a. I have a poster of Foo Fighters in my bedroom. I like
_______ a lot.
b. My little brother is 6 years old. I love _______ but
he can’t come into my room. He always makes such
a mess!
c. My favorite actress is Angelina Jolie. I love _______
so much that I have _______ on my desktop background.
Answer the questions about you.
03 What do you have on your walls and bookshelf?
Subject Pronoun
Object Pronoun
04 What is your favorite place in your bedroom?
We talk to our neighbour. Subject Pronoun
Object Pronoun
She talks to us.
05 What do your parents think of your room?
They listen to the teacher. Subject Pronoun
Listen to me carefully.
Object Pronoun
You speak very quickly.
We watch them on TV.
There is a white _______.
There is a green _______ _______.
There are two _______ _______.
There is a white _______.
There are _______ on the window.
01 Complete the criss-cross puzzle:
Subject Pronoun
Object Pronoun
I
Note: You use an object pronoun after a preposition.
What do you think of me?
Because of her, now I have to clean up my room.
II
01 Tell the things inside this bedroom:
© iStockphoto.com / ondatra-m
III
V
VI
IV
Furniture / Object pronouns × Subject pronous /
Describing your belongings
Down:
I. There is one next to your bed.
II. It covers your window.
III. All your books are kept on it.
IV. You sit at it to work, write, read, study, etc.
Across:
V. You sit on it to study or do your homework.
VI. You sleep on it.
02 Make up sentences using three of the words from the
previous exercise.
03 Rewrite the sentences below using an object pronoun:
a. I like my mom.
b. My mother likes my brother and I.
04 Correct the sentence:
a. Can you help I?
b. I have a present for he.
05 Describe your room:
06 If it were possible to redecorate your room, you would
like more...
01 Fortunately, the dizzy spell was transient. He was able
to continue playing within seconds and had no trouble
winning the match.
When you describe an event as “transient,” you are saying
that _______.
(A) it sounds like a train. (C) it helps you win.
(D) it doesn’t last long.
(B) it is quite harmful.
02 Brea and Elizabeth are having a dispute over which
radio station to play at work. It would be so much simpler
if they both liked the same kind of music.
A dispute is a _______.
(A) musical instrument.
(B) choice of music.
(C) discovery.
(D) disagreement.
INGLÊS
Chapter 19
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You must have already heard of sustainability (sustentabilidade) in some of your classes. This is not a new
subject. So how about learning a little (more) about it?
As global population and affluence has increased,
so has the use of various materials increased in volume,
diversity and distance transported. Included here are
raw materials, minerals, synthetic chemicals (including
hazardous substances), manufactured products, food,
living organisms and waste. By 2050, humanity could
consume an estimated 140 billion tons of minerals, ores,
fossil fuels and biomass per year (three times its current
amount) unless the economic growth rate is decoupled
from the rate of natural resource consumption. Developed
countries’ citizens consume an average of 16 tons of
those four key resources per capita (ranging up to 40 or
more tons per person in some developed countries with
resource consumption levels far beyond what is likely
sustainable).
Sustainable use of materials has targeted the idea of
dematerialization, converting the linear path of materials
(extraction, use, disposal in landfill) to a circular material
flow that reuses materials as much as possible, much like
the cycling and reuse of waste in nature. This approach is
supported by product stewardship and the increasing use
of material flow analysis at all levels, especially individual
countries and the global economy. The use of sustainable
biomaterials that come from renewable sources and that
can be recycled is preferred to the use on non-renewables
from a life cycle standpoint.
Every economic activity produces material that can
be classified as waste. To reduce waste industry, business
and government are now mimicking nature by turning the
waste produced by industrial metabolism into resource.
Dematerialization is being encouraged through the ideas
of industrial ecology, ecodesign [124] and ecolabelling.
In addition to the well-established “reduce, reuse and
recycle”, shoppers are using their purchasing power for
ethical consumerism.
Available at: <en.wikipedia.org>.
Chapter 20
INGLÊS
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7º Ano
Você já recebeu muitos conselhos de seus
pais, certo?
Como filhos, é normal recebermos conselhos de
nossos pais. O mais importante é procurarmos escutá-los, pois eles sempre querem nosso bem. Dar e pedir
conselhos é muito comum em inglês também. Na aula de
hoje, aprenderemos justamente como fazer isso.
1. Grammar: Should / had better
Note 1: The word advice in Portuguese is a countable
noun.
E.g.:
Eu recebi um conselho ontem.
Eu recebo muitos conselhos dos meus pais.
However, in English it is uncountable. The sentences
above in English would be:
I received a piece of advice yesterday.
I receive a lot of advice from my parents.
Um conselho – a piece of advice
Dois conselhos – two pieces of advice
Alguns conselhos – some advice
Muitos conselhos – a lot of advice
The word advices in the plural doesn’t exist in English.
Should (Deveria)
This is a very common way of giving advice in English.
Should is a modal verb.
What is a modal verb?
A modal verb is a kind of verb that changes or complements the meaning of another verb.
Note 2: A modal verb only occurs with another verb.
E.g.:
I should study more.
You should sleep early.
He should listen to his parents.
©iStockphoto.com/Kouptsova
Parents and advice: should /
had better
Objetivos:
–Ensinar a pedir;
–dar conselhos em inglês.
Note 3: A modal verb always needs a verb in the base
form after them.
E.g.:
Verbs in the base form: go / see / take / get / do / watch /
study / visit
I visit my parent
once a week.
I should visit my
parents.
(Eu deveria visitar
meus pais.)
×
×
Maria visits her parents
once a week.
Maria should visit
her parents.
(A Maria deveria
visitar os pais dela.)
Note 4: A modal verb works as an auxiliary verb. It has a
negative form and also goes to the beginning of a question.
Affirmative form: Subject + should + main verb (base
form)
E.g.:
Mark should watch
that movie.
They should go with us.
(O Mark deveria assistir
àquele filme.)
(Eles deveriam ir
com a gente.)
Negative form: Subject + shouldn’t + main verb (should
not = shouldn’t)
E.g.:
Mark shouldn’t watch
that movie.
They shouldn’t go with us.
(O Mark não deveria
assistir àquele filme.)
(Eles não deveriam
ir com a gente.)
Parents and advice: should / had better
INGLÊS
85
Chapter 20
Interrogative form: Should + subject + main verb?
E.g.:
Should Mark watch
that movie?
(O Mark deveria assistir
àquele filme?)
7º Ano
Fred, you had better call your wife.
(Fred, você deveria ligar para sua esposa.)
Should they go with us?
(Eles deveriam ir com
a gente?)
Short answers:
Should I call the police?
(Eu deveria ligar
para a polícia?)
Should Ana sell her car?
(A Ana deveria vender o
carro dela?)
Yes, you should. /
No, you shouldn’t.
(Sim, você deveria. /
Não, você não deveria.)
Yes, she should. /
No, she shouldn’t.
(Sim, ela deveria. /
Não, ela não deveria.)
Asking for advice (Pedindo conselho)
Structure: -Wh word + should + subject + verb (base
form)?
What should I do? (O que eu deveria fazer?)
You should stay at home. (Você deveria ficar em casa.)
Where should he go? (Aonde ele deveria ir?)
He should go to the doctor. (Ele deveria ir ao médico.)
When should we go there? (Quando nós deveríamos
ir lá?)
We had better not invite Alex. He isn’t a nice person.
(Nós não deveríamos convidar o Alex. Ele não é uma
pessoa boa.)
Note 5: We can also use ’d better, which is a contraction,
instead of had better.
Negative form: Subject + had better not + main verb
(base form)
E.g.:
Kyle had better not go to the party alone. His girlfriend
will get angry.
(O Kyle não deveria ir à festa sozinho. A namorada
dele irá ficar nervosa.)
You had better not talk without thinking.
(Você não deveria falar sem pensar.)
Hillary had better not sleep late. She has a test in the
morning.
(A Hillary não deveria dormir tarde. Ela tem um teste
de manhã.)
Adjectives (Adjectives)
cold – frio
dangerous – perigoso(a)
bossy – mandão / mandona
We should go there tomorrow. (Nós deveríamos ir lá
amanhã.)
hot – quente
How should they pay the bill? (Como eles deveriam
pagar a conta?)
lonely – solitário(a)
They should pay it by installments. (Eles deveriam
pagar em prestações.)
healthy – saudável
Had better (Deveria / É melhor...)
It’s another way of giving advice. It’s used in the
affirmative and negative forms.
Affirmative form: Subject + had better + main verb (base
form)
It’s raining. You had better take an umbrella.
(Está chovendo. Você deveria levar um guarda-chuva.)
mad – bravo(a) / maluco(a)
sleepy – sonolento(a)
dirty – sujo(a)
Connecting everything
Trisha should clean her bedroom. It’s messy.
Tod and Jerry shouldn’t study together. They get
distracted.
Should we buy her a present? Yes, we should.
We had better eat something. The kids are hungry.
Mr. Smith had better give more attention to his son.
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INGLÊS
Chapter 20
01 Unscramble the adjectives. Match them to their
meanings:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
pyslee – _________________
tyrid – _________________
egdanrous – ________________
dam – _________________
eahthyl – _________________
dolc – _________________
toh – _________________
lynelo – _________________
sboys – _________________
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
) nervoso
) frio
) solitário
) mandão
) sujo
) perigoso
) saudável
) quente
) sonolento
02 Look at the pictures. Use should or shouldn’t:
a. Michael ___________________ (go) swimming.
There is a shark warning sign on the beach.
b. You __________________ (eat) that apple. It’s rotten. c. We _____________ (go) out. There is a storm
coming.
d. My neighbor ______________________ (walk) his
dog unleashed. It’s dangerous.
e. My friends and I _____________________ (hang)
out more often.
Parents and advice: should / had better
INGLÊS
Chapter 20
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
87
7º Ano
) I should make some friends.
) We had better wear warm clothes.
) We shouldn’t stay out late.
) We had better clean it.
) He should know she loves him.
) I should eat it regularly.
) You should take off your jacket.
) She had better not drive now.
) He should stop giving orders.
Glossary
f.
Our family __________________ (have) barbecues
every Sunday.
fish – peixe
take off – tirar peça de roupa
wear – vestir
neighborhood – vizinhança
outside – do lado de fora
person – pessoa
05 Put the sentences in order:
g. Mr. Taylor ___________________ (buy) one of these
cars. They are inexpensive and economical.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
water / Everybody / save / should.
work / shouldn’t / so much / Mr. Miller.
take / Thomas / should / a bus / or a taxi.
wear / What / Hale / for the party / should?
better / take/ had / some medicine / Ana.
loud music / Laura / not / had / listen to / better.
03 Rewrite the sentences using had better:
Example:
You should call me tomorrow.
You had better call me tomorrow.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Mr. Moore should go to the play. (play – peça teatral)
Jack should do some exercise. He’s overweight.
Mrs. Clark shouldn’t get a divorce.
Brian and his sister shouldn’t be out till late.
You shouldn’t give your cat cheap cat food.
04 Match the sentences:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
It’s very hot here.
Jerry is mad at his mother.
Fish is healthy.
The house is very dirty.
Mina is sleepy.
Our neighborhood is dangerous.
It’s cold outside.
I’m a lonely person.
Alan is bossy.
01 Write the questions below in the correct places:
What should I do?
Where should we go tonight?
How should we celebrate our victory?
When should Adrian and Richard get married?
How often should Mr. Garcia see the doctor?
a.______________________________________
In July. It’s their vacation.
b.______________________________________
Once a month.
c.______________________________________
We should throw a party!
d. My girlfriend broke up with me.
______________________________________
You should find another person. Let it go.
e.______________________________________
You should go to that new restaurant. The food is
excellent and the price is good.
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INGLÊS
Chapter 20
02 Write pieces of advice for the situations below:
study more (estudar mais)
drink something (beber alguma coisa)
apologize (pedir desculpas)
eat healthy food (comer comida saudável)
make friends (fazer amigos)
get a job (arrumar um emprego)
clean it (limpá-lo)
have a snack (lanchar)
Example:
They only get low grades.
They should study more.
a. I don’t have money.
______________________________________.
b. I’m thirsty.
______________________________________.
c. Kate’s hungry.
______________________________________.
d. My father is mad at me.
______________________________________.
e. Janice is overweight.
______________________________________.
f.
Kiara’s bedroom is a mess.
______________________________________.
g I go to the movies alone.
______________________________________.
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