Virtual Power Plant (VPP)

Simulation to quantify the revenues of linked CHPdevices providing reserve control under realistic
conditions
Glasgow, April 4th 2011
MICROGEN‘II
Michael Steck, Research Center for Energy Economics,
Munich (FfE)
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Distributed Energy Resources
Fuel
Heat Demand
Feed-in tariff
Household
Electricity
District Heating
Fuel
Electricity
Industry
Electricity
Renewables
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Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
Fuel
Fuel
Definition
Heat (VPP)
demand
Virtual Power Plant
A virtual power plant is a
cluster of distributed
Electricity
electricity generators
Household
collectively run by a central
control entity.NahwärmeThe
distributed electricity
netz
generators (DEG) are
characterised by producing
and supplyingElectricity
energy
nearby the consumer.
Industry
Feed-in tariff
Wholesale market
Grid Service
Electricity
Renewables
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electric load in GW
Analysis of Load Profiles for Political Targets
80
70
consumption
REN target
CHP target
CHP today
60
50
40
30
20
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©FfE BMWi-0002 Flexibilisierung von DEA_00237
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Motivation of VPPs
Integration of Renewables
• Reducing greenhouse
gas emissions
• Meeting political targets
Electric Grid
• optimized grid operation
• increased grid qualitiy
• reducing reactive power
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Electricity trading
• Additional marketing options
• Contributing to grid services
Existing VPP-projects in Germany
Nr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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Name of project
EDISon
Virtuelles Kraftwek Unna
European Virtual Fuel Cell Power Plant
KonWerl Energiepark 2010
Virtuelles Regelkraftwerk
Virtuelles Kraftwerk Harz
Dispower
VKW Rheinland-Pfalz
VIRTPLANT
Regernatives Kombikraftwerk
ProViPP
RegModHarz
AlpEnergy
Zuhausekraftwerk
Virtuelles Kraftwerk München
Location
Start
Karlsruhe
1999
Unna
2001
Duisburg/Essen
2001
Werl
2002
Saarbrücken
2003
Clausthal
2004
Karlsruhe
2001
Bingen
2005
Freiburg
2005
Kassel
2006
Köln
2008
Kassel
2008
Kempten
2009
Hamburg
2009
2010
München
Dispatching Power Plants Is Easy (1)
Starting with merit order, ...
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Dispatching Power Plants Is Easy (2)
... considering minimum load, start costs, gradients and part load efficiency.
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Dispatching Power Plants Is Easy (3)
Even deviations of the electric demand are handy to fix.
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Dispatching CHP-Devices Is Challenging (1)
The CHP-engine can‘t fulfil contrary electric and
thermal demand simultaneously...
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Dispatching CHP-Devices Is Challenging (2)
... but the thermal storage could help a bit,
in some cases.
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Dispatching CHP-Devices Is Challenging (3)
Devitations of the load forecast are drastic
and more frequently (habitant behaviour)
and have impact on every single device.
Underproduction, affecting the grid
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Thermal load occured and predicted
Packages of examination
operation:
How to do a suitable dispatch?
What kind of information about the DER is essential?
How to react on device faults?
strategy:
Which devices are best
suited for the pool? What
size should the thermal
storage have? How many
devices should be pooled
for best resulsts?
strategy
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trading:
On which markets should
be participated?
What are the prospects
and risks?
operation
trading
Bildernachweis:
aboutpixel.de
Päckchen © Rainer Sturm
delivery contract
CHP2
operation
CHP1 operation
electric / thermal load
thermal load forecast
Leistung
Leistung
electric / thermal load
Forecasted and Occurred Load
occurred thermal load
schedule deviation
CHP2
operation
CHP1 operation
time
time
Day-Ahead-predicted Load
Occurred Load
• Trading electricity makes forecast necessary
• Quality of forecast has high impact on revenues
• Simulation considers deviation of the forecast and calculates
revenues
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Comparison of different market options
Additional Revenues ex post (ex ante)
+0,2% (+3,7%)
120%
100%
80%
Revenues
Erlöse
60%
+7,0% (+10,6%)
+9,3% (+13,0%)
Vermiedene
grid bonus
Netznutzung
KWKallowance
Bonus
Stromerlös
electricity
40%
20%
0%
-20%
Wärmeerlös
heat
Betriebsfuel
kosten
-40%
-60%
wärmegeführt
Thermal
load control
DA-Vermarktung
Wholesale Market
DA- / MR-Vermarktung
Wholesale
Market /
(mittlerer Leistungspreis)
Tertiary Frequency
Control
Providing Grid Services could be interesting regarding
economical aspects.
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DA- Wholesale
/ MR-Vermarktung
Market
(max. Leistungspreis)
/
Tertiary Frequency
Control (max. prices)
Outlook: Outstanding Analysis
 Extending the calculation of scenarios with
different boundary conditions:
• number of pooled units
• size and operation mode of thermal storage
• different prices and trading strategies
 Testing different algorithms to calculate dispatch
(MIP, LP, heuristic)
 Examination of strategies to react on device faults
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Thank Your For Your Attention
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Steck
+49 (89) 158121-22
[email protected]
Research Center for Energy Economics
Am Blütenanger 71
80995 Munich
http://www.ffe.de
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