RV METEOR Cruise M61-3 Development of Carbonate - E-LIB

Transcrição

Cruise ReportjFahrtbericht
RV METEOR Cruise M61-3
Development of Carbonate Mounds
on the Celtic Continental Margin
Northeast Atlantic 2004
Leg 3
Cork - Ponta Delgada
04.06. - 21.06.2004
Ratmeyer, V., Hebbeln, D., Beck, T., Belling, R., Bergenthal, M., Beuck, L., Brakel, c.,
Buhmann, 5., Dodds, L., Dorschel, B., Engemann, G., Foubert, A., Gault, J., Grehan, A.,
Hayn, c., Jurkiw, A., Kahl, G., Kaiser, J., Klar, 5., Lutz, M., Noe, 5., Papstein, H.,
ROggeberg, A., Ruhland, G., 5chewe, F., 5chmidt, W., 5chroder, M., 5eiter, c., Truscheit,
T., Wienberg, C.
Cruise Report
RV Meteor M61-3 Cork-Ponta De/gada 04.-21.06.2004
Fahrtbericht
Table of Contents
1
Participants
1.1 Scientific Party ............................................................................................. 4
1.2 Crew List ..................................................................................................... 6
2
Research Program
2.1 Development of Carbonate Mounds along the Celtic Continental Margin ................ 7
2.2 Working Program .......................................................................................... 8
3
Narative of the Cruise, M61-3 .......................................................................... 9
4
Methods
4.1 CTD Measurements .....................................................................................
4.2 Deployment of the QUEST Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) for Video
Observation and Sampling ...........................................................................
4.3 Sediment Surface Sampling with Giant Box Corer ............................................
4.4 Sediment Sampling with Gravity Corer ...........................................................
4.5 Plankton Net ..............................................................................................
11
11
16
17
18
5
General Results
5.1 ROV-Based Recovery of Current Meters ......................................................... 19
5.2 Carbonate Hardgrounds ............................................................................... 20
5.3 Environmental Impacts in Areas of Deep-Water Coral Occurrences ..................... 22
6
Regional Results
6.1 Working Area 1: Belgica Mound Province
6.1.1 Bathymetry and Sampling Stations ...................................................... 25
6.1.2 Hydrography .................................................................................... 26
6.1.3 ROV Video Observations .................................................................... 27
6.1.4 Surface Samples ............................................................................... 28
6.1.5 Sediment Cores ................................................................................ 32
6.2 Working Area 2: Hovland Mound Province
6.2.2 Hydrography .................................................................................... 33
6.2.4 Surface Samples ............................................................................... 34
6.2.5 Sediment Cores ................................................................................ 34
6.3 Working Area 3: West Rockall Bank
6.3.2 Hydrography .................................................................................... 35
6.3.4 Surface Samples ............................................................................... 38
6.3.5 Sediment Cores ................................................................................ 41
6.4 Working Area 4: Northern Porcupine Bank
6.4.2 Hydrography .................................................................................... 42
6.4.4 Surface Samples ............................................................................... 44
6.4.5 Sediment Cores ................................................................................ 45
7
Meterological Station (DWD) .......................................................................... 46
8
References .. ........................................................ " ........................................ 47
9
Appendices
9.1 Station List M61-3 ...................................................................................... 48
9.2 Gravity cores - Lithologs and color-scan sheets .............................................. 53
10 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... 64
3
Cruise Report
1
1,1
Fahrtbericht
Participants
Scientific Party
Name
Discipline
Institute
Ratmeyer, Volker, Dr., Chief Scientist
Beck, Tim, Dipl. BioI.
Belling, Reimund
Bergenthal, Markus, Dipl.Phys.
Beuck, Lydia, Dipl. Geol.
Brakel, Christian
Buhmann, Sitta, TA
Dodds, Lyndsey A., M. Se.
Dorschel, Boris, Dr.
Engemann, Greg, M. Eng.
Foubert, Anneleen, M. Sc.
Gault, Jeremy
Grehan, Anthony, Dr.
Hayn, Christina, TA
Jurkiw, Alexandra L., M. Sc.
Kahl, Gerhard, Dip!. Met.
Kaiser, Jerome, M. Sc.
Klar, Steffen, TA
Lutz, Marco, Student
Noe, Sibylle, Dr.
Papstein, Henning
Ruhland, Gotz, Dip!. Geol.
Schewe, Felix, TA
Schmidt, Werner, Dipl. Geol.
Schroder, Marcel, TA
Seiter, Christian G., Dipl. Geol.
Truscheit, Thorsten
Wienberg, Claudia, Dr.
Marine Geology
Benthic Ecology
TV-Journalist
Marine Technology
Marine Geology
TV-Journalist
Marine Technology
Benthic Biology
Marine Geology
Marine Technology
Marine Geology
Marine Geolohy
Benthic Biology
Marine Geology
Marine Geology
Meteorology
Marine Geology
Marine Technology
Marine Geology
Microbiology
TV-Journalist
Marine Technology
Marine Geology
Marine Technology
Marine Technology
Marine Technology
Meteorology
Marine Geology
MARUMjRCOM
IPAL
NDR-TV
MARUMjRCOM
IPAL
NDR-TV
MARUMjRCOM
SAMS
MARUMjRCOM
Schilling Robotocs
RCMG
UCC
NIUG
MARUMjRCOM
MARUMjRCOM
DWD
MARUMjRCOM
MARUMjRCOM
MARUMjRCOM
IFM-GEOMAR
NDR-TV
MARUMjRCOM
MARUMjRCOM
MARUMjRCOM
MARUMjRCOM
MARUMjRCOM
DWD
MARUMjRCOM
Fig. 1.1:
(ROV)
(ROV)
(ROV)
(ROV)
(ROV)
(ROV)
(ROV)
(ROV)
Scientific Party of Leg M61-3.
4
Cruise Report
OWO
Oeutscher Wetterdienst
Geschaftsfeld Seeschiffahrt
Bernhard-Nocht-StraBe 76
0-20359 Hamburg
Germany
IFM-GEOMAR
Leibniz-Institut fUr Meereswissenschaften
Wischhofstr 1-3
0-24148 Kiel
Germany
IPAL
Institut fUr Palaontologie
Universitat Erlangen
Loewenichstr. 28
0-91054 Erlangen
Germany
MARUM
Zentrum fUr Marine Umweltwissenschaften
Universitat Bremen
KlagenfurterstraBe
0-28359 Bremen
Germany
NOR-TV
Norddeutscher Rundfunk - Fernsehen
Oldenburg
Germany
NIUG
National University of Ireland
University Road
Galway
Ireland
RCMG
Renard Centre of Marine Geology
University of Ghent
Krijgslaan 281 S8
B-9000 Gent
Belgium
RCOM
OFG-Forschungszentrum Ozeanrander
Universitat Bremen
KlagenfurterstraBe
0-28359 Bremen
Germany
SAMS
Scottish Ass. for Marine Sciences
Ounstaffnage Marine Laboratory
Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA
United Kingdom
UCC
University College Cork
Oonovans Road
Cork
Ireland
5
Fahrtbericht
Cruise Report
1.2
RV Meteor M61-3 Cork-Ponta Oe/gada 04.-21.06.2004
Crew List
Name
Rank
Jakobi, Niels
Master
Vogel, Peter
Chief Mate
Meyer, Oliver
1st Mate
Kowitz, Torsten
2 nd Mate
Walther, Anke
Surgeon
Hartig, Volker
Chief Engineer
Schade, Uwe
2 nd Engineer
Rex, Andreas
2 nd Engineer
Bekaan, Steffen
Electrician
Meyer, Helmuth
Chief Electron.
Leppin, J6rg
Electron. Engineer
Wintersteller, Paul
System-Manager
Blohm, Volker
Fitter
Dehne, Dirk
Motorman
Lange, Gerhard
Motorman
Gonzalez-Portela, Edmundo
Motorman
Riedler, Heinrich
Motorman
Wieden, Wilhelm
Chief Cook
Pytlik, Franciszek
2 nd Cook
Both, Michael
Chief Steward
Grube, Gerlinde
2 nd Steward
Prechtl, Hans-Jurgen
2 nd Steward
Kr6ger, Sven
2 nd Steward
Lee, Nan Sng
Laundryman
Lohmuller, Karl-Heinz
Boatswain
Reichmacher, Wolfgang
A.B.
von Berg, G6tz
A.B.
Neitsch, Bernd
A.B.
Kreft, Norbert
A.B.
Schrapel, Andreas
A.B.
Ventz, Gunter
A.B.
Stangl, Gunter
A.B.
6
Fahrtbericht
Cruise Report
2
2.1
Fahrtbericht
Resea rch Prog ra m
Development of Carbonate Mounds Along the Celtic
Continental Margin
In the past years, the EU-projects ECOMOUND (Environmental Controls on Mound
Formation along the European Margin), GEOMOUND (The Mound Factory - Internal Controls)
and ACES (Atlantic Coral Ecosystem Study) have generated many new results concerning
the large carbonate mound provinces at the NW-European continental margin. These made
clear that particular external environmental factors have a significant influence on the
development of the mounds and on the cold water corals living on them. However, the
investigation of the mound surfaces and their uppermost layers is still in its early days.
There are many open questions, that are dealt with in the scope of the ESF-Euromargins
project MOUNDFORCE (Forcing of Carbonate Mounds and Deep Water Coral Reefs along the
NW European Continental Margin), and which were addressed during leg M61-3:
Which factors control the development of the carbonate mounds?
Possible limiting environmental factors, which have to be considered, are related to specific
characteristics of the different water masses, as e.g. temperature, salinity and oxygen
concentration, the structure of the water column (e.g. the development of a pycnocline),
water-mass movements (currents, internal tides), and the food sources available for the
corals. An important aspect here is the distribution of living corals on the carbonate mounds
in relation to these parameters.
How do associated faunas develop on the carbonate mounds under changing environmental conditions?
Video footage from carbonate mounds reports highly diverse faunas consisting of corals,
sponges, crinoids and numerous other organism groups. Among these organisms the
framework building coral Lophelia pertusa takes a dominant role with regard to mound
development. Long-term changes of these benthic ecosystems (e.g. the last glacial/interglacial change) are indicated by first data from glacial sediment sequences from the Celtic
continental margin which e.g. do not contain any L. pertusa. On the base of sediment cores
from Propeller Mound investigated in Bremen, a model for mound development has been
established to describe mound evolution from interstadial to glacial to interglacial stages. To
what extend this model, developed for one particular mound, can be extra-polated to other
structures in the Porcupine Seabight (e.g. Galway Mound) or to other areas along the Celtic
Continental margin (e.g. Western Rockall Bank) is unknown at the moment.
What are the dominant stabilisation and lithification processes at the carbonate mounds?
The steep slopes of the carbonate mounds, often exceeding inclinations of 10%, raise the
question if solely the incorporation of corals in the sediments is sufficient to stabilise the
mostly fine-grained hemipelagic mud. Another hypothesis claims that bacteria at the
sediment surface contribute to the stability of the sediments by e.g. the production of
biofilms. Detailed sampling of very steep slope areas is envisaged to solve this question.
In addition there is a great interest to investigate carbonate crusts and hardgrounds, as
those are probably also closely related to the growth history of the carbonate mounds.
Furthermore; the lithification of the mound sediments will be assessed by the analysis of
diagenetic changes in the sediments.
7
Cruise Report
2.2
Fahrtbericht
Working Program
The working program during M61-3 focused on the application of the remotely operated
vehicle (ROV) QUEST, based at MARUM / Uni Bremen, and the sampling of sediments by
box corer and gravity corer, accomplished by CTD casts and hydroacoustic surveys.
The variable
indication of
relationships,
M61-3 cruise
appearance of carbonate mounds in the individual mound provinces is an
varying cause-and-effect relationships. In order to study these various
carbonate mounds from four different provinces were examined during the
(Fig. 2.1).
18°W
16°W
,
!
50°
Workarea 1
Ponta Delgada
Azores
48°
50
,....Nautical Miles
50 25 0
18°W
Fig. 2.1:
16°W
14°W
12°W
100W
100
goW
Map of the Celtic continental slope and the four working areas during leg M61-3.
Workarea 1 includes Galway and Poseidon Mound, whereas workarea 2 includes
Propeller Mound.
The first location observed was Galway Mound in the Belgica Mound Province (eastern
Porcupine Seabight). In summer 2003, seven autonomous sensor units measuring current
speed and direction and containing a CTD were placed on this mound. As a major goal of
the work program during M61-3, these were successfully located and recovered by
Bremen's QUEST ROV after one year of deployment"
8
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
The second working area covers Propeller Mound in the Hovland Mound Province (northern
Porcupine Seabight). Numerous data already exist from this' housegarden' of the Bremen,
Kiel and Erlangen teams, making Propeller Mound an ideal place for a sampling campaign to
take a number of CTD casts and boxcores with the latter aiming to cover some facies that
have so far not been sampled representatively.
The relatively unknown West Rockall Bank was chosen as the third working area. As a
fourth working area, the so-called Connaught Mound and an associated terrace structure on
the Northern Porcupine Bank were selected after exploring TOBI sidescan images obtained
by the Geological Survey of Ireland.
For all of the four working areas (Galway Mound, Propeller Mound, West Rockall Bank, North
Porcupine Bank; Fig. 2.1) the working program was based on a similar sampling strategy
including (1) an initial hydroacoustic characterisation of the selected structures (Hydrosweep, Parasound), (2) dives with the ROV QUEST, (3) supplemental CTD casts, (4)
sampling of sediments with gravity and box corer. Appropriate sediment sampling sites
were selected based on site-survey and visual information resulting from the ROV dives.
Using QUEST was also essential for a targeted sampling of carbonate crusts, hardgrounds
and very steep slopes. Spatial distributions of the faunas on these mounds were video taped
during ROV transects over different mound areas (e.g. mound crest, luff and lee flanks,
moats).
Although the time budget available for different sampling campaigns at Galway Mound and
the West Rockall Bank was limited, information already available from the earlier leg M61-1
allowed an effective planning of sampling campaigns and ROV dives.
3
Narrative of the Cruise, Leg M61-3
The third leg of the M61 cruise lasted 18 days. It started in Cork, Ireland, on June 4 th , and
ended in Ponta Delgada, Azores Islands, Portugal, on June 21 st . After the scientific
equipment was loaded aboard RV METEOR, mobilisation of the 4000 m deep diving remotely
operated vehicle ROV QUEST of the University of Bremen took place. Beside the vehicle and
its scientific payload, a new deployment frame and a new underwater positioning system
were installed aboard the vessel. Mobilisation was finished with a successful QUEST dive
test at the pier in Cork harbour. RV METEOR departed from Cork in the early afternoon of
June 4 th , towards the Porcupine Seabight west of Ireland. Sailing down the river Lee
provided a scenic background for the first TV-film work of the participating NDR TV-team.
The first working area around Galway Mound (Belgica Mound Province) on the north western
edge of the Porcupine Seabight at 51 0 26.70' N, 11 0 45.03' W was reached on June 5 th , and
the scientific program started during night with two CTD profiles and water sampling.
Station work continued with the deployment of an elevator-mooring designed for the ROVbased recovery of seven combined CTD/current meter devices. Recovery of these probes,
which were set during 2003 with the help of the French ROV VICTOR, was the major goal of
two dives with QUEST at Galway Mound. The sensor units, consisting of inductive current
meters and CTDs, were deployed on north-south and east-west transects over the structure
to collect data on the small scale flow field around Galway Mound. With sampling intervals
9
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
of 10 minutes, the recorded data are sufficient to provide information on possible tidal
influences on the mound. Being installed in the frame of the ESF-project MOUNDFORCE, the
main task was to create a data base for the correlation of the current regime at Galway Mound
with different biological and geological facies. After successful recovery of these probes, work
was followed by a series of boxcorer stations and gravity cores across Galway Mound.
During June 7th, the slightly easterly located Poseidon Mound at 51°26.60' N, 11°41.80' W
was sampled with three additional boxcores. A time-series of eight CTD profiles with onehour interval between each cast indicated the influence of tidal waves at 600-700 m water
depth. The detection of such processes is important for the understanding of the deep-water
coral ecosystem as the corals take advantage of the strong currents and the pumping
dynamics associated to internal waves which both may result in a high nutrient availability
for the corals.
After finishing station work in the Belgica Mound Province on June 9 th , RV METEOR moved
towards West Rockall Bank. On the way, a short stopover at Propeller Mound in the Hovland
Mound Province was used to complete previous sampling of surface sediments with the box
corer and to take CTD casts across the mound.
First target area in the West Rockall Bank area was an interesting sea floor elevation,
discovered previously during RV POSEIDON expedition POS 292. After detailed hydroacoustic mapping the 5 th dive with QUEST was scheduled for the evening of June 10th.
Since video-observation suggested that the structure was an old volcanic seamount with
only very sporadic coral growth, the dive was terminated and RV METEOR moved west
towards Franken Mound, a promising structure discovered during M61-1, at 56°29.93' N,
17°18.21' W. A major work program covering nearly the complete mound surface could be
performed at this site between June 11th and 13 th , including extensive sediment surface and
gravity core sampling, CTD casts and four complementary ROV dives. Result of this station
work is a complimentary dataset of oceanography, detailed in-situ observations, mapped
surface structure extensions and a large variety of sediment and surface samples. Due to
changing weather conditions, we decided to spend the remaining time not in the West
Rockall Bank area as originally planned, but to move further south towards the Northern
Porcupine Bank.
After inspection of TOBI sidescan images provided by the Geol. Survey of Ireland (GSI), a
prominent edge structure with a small mound was chosen as next dive and sampling target.
At the so-called Connaught Mound at 53°30.92' N, 14°21.16' W, station work lasted from
the evening of June 14th through June 16th , providing spectacular video footage (two dives),
a variety of lithified carbonate crust samples and coral specimen as well as extensive
boxcore, gravity core and water samples. As an important result of the opportunity to
sample carbonate crusts with QUEST at different sites, hardground samples recovered from
Franken Mound and Connaught Mound can be divided into two major facies: a) poorly to
moderately lithified pelagic foraminiferal-nannoplankton oozes, and b) highly lithified fossil
coral reef framework.
Station work was finished in the morning of June 16th . In total, 95 stations with 117
deployments were carried out during M61-3. The ROV QUEST could be deployed for nine
dives. RV METEOR returned to Ponta Delgada, Azores, in the morning of June 21st, where
scientific equipment was unloaded and the scientific crew left the ship.
10
Cruise Report
4
4.1
Fahrtbericht
Methods
CTD Measurements
A. ROggeberg, L. Dodds
A total of 41 CTD casts were carried out during RV METEOR cruise M61-3 (Tab. 4.1). The
purpose of these measurements was to perform transects across carbonate mound structures
of the Belgica Mound Province at the eastern slope of the Porcupine Seabight, the Propeller
Mound within the Hovland Mound Province (northern Porcupine Seabight, the Franken Mound at
the western slope of Rockall Bank, discovered during RV METEOR cruise M61-1, and the new
Connaught Mound along the Porcupine Bank Margin. Some profiles were measured at the same
positions as during cruise M61-1 to determine differences in small-scale variability close to the
mounds. Another objective was to investigate the temporal variability of the influence of tidal
waves and internal waves at the water mass boundary close to the carbonate mound
structures. Therefore, CTD profiles were performed at three stations (west-top-east of a
mound) with each measurement being repeated three times.
The CTD system used is a SeaBird Electronics, model 911 plus type, referred to as IFM-GEOMAR
serial number 2. The underwater unit was built into a rosette housing capable of holding 24 water
sampler bottles. Pre-cruise laboratory calibrations of the temperature and pressure sensors were
performed. Both yielded coefficients for a linear fit. The oxygen sensor must be considered
unreliable because no in-situ measurements were carried out during the cruise. However, the
general downcast trend of dissolved oxygen seems to follow previous studies (e.g. WOCE Global
Data, World Ocean Database 2001; Conkright et al., 2002), but due to unrealistic decreasing
values during several downcasts (between 0.5-1 mill) the absolute values are unreliable.
The overall impression of CTD performance was very positive. The downcast profiles showed
virtually no spikes in the data and the recording computer worked without problems.
Further processing of the data was performed using software SBE Data Processing, Version
S.30a (ftp://ftp.halcyon.com/pub/seabird/out) and Ocean Data View mp-Version 2.0
(http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/GEO/ODV) for visualisation. Water samples were taken at
stations 10 m above the seafloor (bottom alarm) and within the water column for stable
isotope analyses (IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel), as well as at selected stations at water depths
corresponding to 500 db and 100 db for DIC analyses (SAMS, Oban).
4.2
Deployment of the QUEST Remotely Operated Vehicle
(ROV) for Video Observation and Sampling
v.
Ratmeyer, M. Bergenthal, G. Engemann, S. Klar, G. Ruhland, C. Seiter,
W. Schmidt, M. Schroeder
The remotely operated deep diving robot QUEST is an electric 4000 m-rated, commercial workclass ROV, operated by MARUM, University of Bremen (Fig. 4.1). The robot was designed and
manufactured by Schilling Robotics, Davis, USA. The whole QUEST system weighs 45 tons
(including the vehicle, control van, workshop van, electric winch, SOOO-m umbilical, and
transportation vans) and can be transported in four 20-foot vans. Using a MacArtney Cormac
electriC driven storage winch to manage the 5000 m of the 17.6 mm NSW umbilical, no
hydraulic connections had to be installed during mobilisation.
11
Table 4.1: CTD casts during RV METEOR 61-3 including area description and water samples. BMP: Belgica Mound Province; WRB: West
Rockall Bank; NPB: Northern Porcupine Bank
--
Station No.
Date
Time
Depth
Pmax
[dd/mm/yy]
[UTC]
Lat. oN
Coordinates
Long.oW
[m]
BMP; S of Galway Mound
05/06/2004
05:30
51°26.75'
11°45.11'
890
BMP; Top of Galway Mound
05/06/2004
06:34
51°27.10'
11°45.06'
554-1
BMP; N of Galway Mound
06/06/2004
00:54
51°27.60'
11°45.31'
9208-1
555-1
BMP; W of Galway Mound
06/06/2004
01:56
51°27.13'
9215-1
562-1
BMP; E of Galway Mound
06/06/2004
19:38
9231-1
578-1
BMP; T1; W of Galway
Mound
07/06/2004
9232-1
579-1
BMP; T2; Top of Galway
Mound
9233-1
580-1
9234-1
()
c""
Ul
CD
;;0
CD
Samples for stable isotope and
DIC analysis
"U
[db]
IFM-GEOMAR (100 ml)
SAMS (300 ml)
;+
880
at 880 db
at 880 db, 503 db, 92 db
810
830
at 830 db
at 830 db, 506 db, 92 db
920
908
at 908 db
at 908 db, 499 db, 101 db
11°45.44'
932
920
at 920 db
at 920 db, 500 db, 100 db
51°27.20'
11°44.44'
923
917
at917db
at 917 db, 500 db
23:45
51°27.03'
11°45.82'
978
962
at 962 db
-
o-.
08/06/2004
00:45
51°26.98'
11°45.10'
837
823
at 823 db
-
0'1
BMP; T3; E of Galway
Mound
08/06/2004
01:42
51°27.13'
11°44.57'
929
917
at 917 db
-
581-1
Mound
08/06/2004
02:45
51°26.98'
11°45.93'
987
974
at 974 db
-
9235-1
582-1
Mound
08/06/2004
03:45
51°27.10'
11°45.22'
820
808
at 808 db
-
9236-1
583-1
BMP; T6; E of Galway
Mound
08/06/2004
04:42
51°27.22'
11°44.39'
922
919
at 919 db
-
584-1
Mound
08/06/2004
05:45
51°27.08'
11°45.78'
972
963
at 964 db
-
9238-1
585-1
Mound
08/06/2004
06:43
51°27.08'
11°45.16'
805
786
at 786 db
-
N
9241-1
588-1
HMP; N of Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
03:12
52°09.34'
12°45.94'
805
790
at 790 db
-
9242-1
589-1
HMP; Top of Propeller
Mound
09/06/2004
04:02
52°08.89'
12°46.27'
728
705
at 705 db, 599 db, 500 db, 432 db,
337 db, 256 db, 189 db, 92 db, 38 db
-
o
?'
N
o
o
9243-1
590-1
HMP; S of Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
05:01
52°08.24'
12°46.41'
732
708
at 708 db
-
9250-1
597-1
WRB; N of Franken Mound
11/06/2004
04:47
56°31.25'
17°18.94'
729
715
at 715 db
-
9251-1
598-1
11/06/2004
05:36
56°30.43'
17°18.56'
661
652
at 652 db
at 652 db, 500 db, 100 db
9252-1
599-1
WRB; Top of Franken
Mound
11/06/2004
06:24
56°30.00'
17°18.29'
655
631
at 631 db, 549 db, 500 db, 462 db, 415
at 631 db, 500 db, 100 db
db, 340 db, 198 db, 100 db, 25 db
9253-1
600-1
WRB; S of Franken Mound
11/06/2004
07:27
56°29.38'
17°18.45'
657
650
at 650 db
at 650 db, 500 db, 100 db
::r
9254-1
601-1
11/06/2004
08:24
56°28.80'
17°18.45'
690
678
at 678 db
-
0CD
GeoB
METEOR
9200-1
547-1
9201-1
548-1
9207-1
Area
o
;:0
"~
~
~
......
I
......
N
9237-1
Lv
g
*~
::J
or
tJ
Cl)
~
go
~
I
......
-I:>.
.."
Q)
;+
""
n"
::r
rt
n
.....
Table 4.1: (continued) CTD casts during RV METEOR 61-3 including area description and water samples.
c
Ul
Station No.
.......
w
Area
Date
Time
[dd/mm/yy]
[UTC]
Lat. oN
Coordinates
Depth
Pmax
Long.oW
[m]
CD
Samples for stable isotope and
DIC analysis
;;0
[db]
IFM-GEOMAR (100 ml)
SAMS (300 ml)
CD
"0
;:+
GeoB
METEOR
9261-1
608-1
WRB; W of Franken Mound
12/06/2004
02:12
56°29.54'
17°22.32'
757
745
at 745 db
at 745 db
9262-1
609-1
12/06/2004
03:11
56°29.85'
17°20.35'
734
720
at 720 db
-
9263-1
610-1
12/06/2004
04:04
56°29.91'
17°19.30'
709
694
at 694 db
at 694 db, 499 db, 100 db
9264-1
611-1
WRB; E of Franken Mound
12/06/2004
05:01
56°30.19'
17°17,53'
689
674
at 674 db
at 674 db, 500 db, 00 db
9265-1
612-1
12/06/2004
05:55
56°30.26'
17°16.01'
671
658
at 658 db
-
9266-1
613-1
12/06/2004
06:45
56°30.36'
17°14.48'
658
646
at 646 db
-
it"
9273-1
620-1
WRB; n; W of Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
01:01
56°29.93'
17°19.31'
709
696
-
-
o""'l
9274-1
621-1
WRB; T2;Top Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
01:58
56°30.02'
17°18.10'
662
655
-
-
::s:
0\
9275-1
622-1
WRB; T3; E of Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
02:44
56°30.12'
17°17.25'
690
677
-
-
g
9276-1
623-1
WRB; T4; W of Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
03:40
56°29.90'
17°19.46'
709
697
-
-
*~
9277-1
624-1
WRB; T5; Top Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
04:32
56°29.91'
17°18.20'
647
639
-
-
@"
9278-1
625-1
WRB; T6; E of Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
05:27
56°30.17'
17°17.43'
690
678
-
-
IQ
9279-1
626-1
WRB; T7; W of Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
06:23
-
17°19.35'
708
695
-
-
9280-1
627-1
WRB; T8;Top Franken
Mound
13/06/2004
07:10
56°29.91'
17°18.13'
641
641
-
-
~
o
-f',>.
9288-2
635-2
NPB; NW of Connaught
Mound
15/06/2004
23:36
53°30.94'
14°21.92'
873
856
at 859 db
-
9289-1
636-1
NPB; Top Connaught
Mound
16/06/2004
00:31
53°30.88'
14°21.29'
727
704
at 704 db, 590 db, 487 db, 353 db,
144 db
-
9290-1
637-1
NPB; SE of Connaught
Mound
16/06/2004
01:30
53°30.77'
14°20.95'
790
779
-
-
9291-1
638-1
NPB; S of Ridge, E of
Connaught Mound
16/06/2004
02:50
53°30.47'
14°20.61'
827
813
at 813 db
-
9292-1
639-1
NPB; Top Ridge, E of
Connaught Mound
16/06/2004
03:43
53°30.86'
14°20.49'
703
676
-
-
NPB; N of Ridge, E of
Connaught Mound
16/06/2004
9293-1
640-1
o
;:Q
fir
.....,
w
::J
\)
(J)
!lJ
I\J
I
.....
o
?'
I\J
o
o
.t::,.
."
Cl
::J"
;:+
04:41
53°31.13'
14°20.35'
856
848
at 848 db, 678 db, 510 db
- - -
-
0-
CD
.....
n'
::J"
f'T
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
During this cruise, QUEST's technical innovations played a key role to gain operational
success aboard RV METEOR and provide a flexible and highly adaptable platform for
scientific sampling and observation tasks. A key feature is the reliable and precise
positioning capability of the system. QUEST uses a Doppler velocity log (DVL) to perform
Station Keep Displacement, automatically controlled 3D positioning, and other auto control
functions. Designed and operated as a free-flying vehicle, QUEST system exerts such
precise control over the 60-kW electric propulsion system allowing the vehicle to maintain a
positioning accuracy within centimetre to decimetre ranges. During M61-3, these functions
provided the base for detailed close-up photography and video, as well as for sampling of
carbonate hardgrounds with two different robotic arms. In addition to QUEST's standard
control features, the vehicle provides lift capacity of up to 250 kg with the RIGMASTER
manipulator, as well as a set of different scientific tools and adaptations for biological and
geological sampling. A major installation is the advanced camera and lighting suite,
consisting of 2.4 kW light power and six different video and still cameras.
Fig. 4.1:
Deployment of the remotely operated vehicle QUEST from RV METEOR during M61-3.
The QUEST control system provides transparent access to all RS-232 data and video
channels. The scientific data system used at MARUM feeds all ROV- and ship-based science
and logging channels into a commercial, adapted real-time database system (DAVIS-ROV).
During operation, data and video can be easily distributed over the ship to allow maximum
data and video online access by minimizing crowding in the control van. Using the existing
ship's communications network, all sensor data can be distributed in real-time via TCPjIP
from the control van into various client laboratories, regardless of the original raw-data
format and hardware interface. Th;s allows topside processing equipment to perform data
interpretation and sensor control fr0m any location on the host ship.
14
Cruise Report
RV Meteor M61-3 Cork-Ponta Delgada 04.-21.06.2004
Fahrtbericht
Additionally, the pilot's eight-channel video display can be distributed to up to 16 client
stations on the ship via CATS cable. This allows the simple setup of detailed, direct
communication between the bridge and the ROV control van. Similarly, information from the
pilot's display can be distributed to a large number of scientists. During scientific dives
where observed phenomena are often unpredictable, having scientists witness a "virtual
dive" from a laboratory rather than from a "crowded" control van allows an efficient
combination of sCientific observation and vehicle control.
During operation, the data distribution setup allows easy access and distribution of data
during all stages of the expedition, including the compilation of customized data products
for post processing applications after the cruise. Additionally, "dive summaries" containing
all data of interest including video and digital still photographs have been compiled. Using
the database's export capabilities in combination with the French software product "ADELIE"
developed at IFREMER, GIS based plots, data graphs and dive track maps containing time
and position-referenced scientific data, video and images are available shortly after or even
during the dives.
After the cruise the data will be archived in the information system PANGAEA at the World
Data Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (WDC-MARE), which is operated on a longterm base by MARUM, University of Bremen, and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and
Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWl).
During leg M61-3 QUEST has been successfully deployed for 9 dives (Tab. 4.2) encountering
sea states up to 4, and winds of up to 6 bft., using the ships stern A-frame in combination
with a customized deployment frame. During operation, both ship's and ROV crew were in
close contact and could provide a successful handling and navigation to fulfil the scientific
tasks required, including instrument search and recovery, digital imagery, video mapping
and observation, close up high resolution imaging, specimen sampling and carbonate crust
sampling at a variety of locations.
Table 4.2: QUEST dives during M61-3. BMP: Belgica Mound
Bank~ NPB: Northern Porcupine Bank.
Dive No.
Quest
Station No.
GeoB
Area
Meteor
16
9203-1
550-1
17
9211-2
558-2
18
9239-1
586-1
19
9240-1
587-1
20
9249-1
596-1
21
9255-1
602-1
22
9267-1
614-1
23
9281-1
628-1
24
9285-1
632-1
BMP
Galway Mound
BMP
Galway Mound
BMP
Galway Mound
BMP
Poseidon Mound
WRB
Bremen Mount
WRB
Franken Mound
WRB
Franken Mound
WRB
Franken Mound
NPB
Connaught Mound
Time CUTe)
Date
Province~
WRB: West Rockall
Position at bottom contact
Depth
[dd/mm/yy]
Begin
End
Lat. ON
Long.oW
[m]
05/06/2004
09:48
20:50
51 °26.70'
11°45.03'
892
06/06/2004
09:38
14:48
5P27.1O'
11°45.20'
795
08/06/2004
07:25
16:30
51°27.10'
11°45.20'
781
08/06/2004
17:50
20:54
51 °24.30'
11°41.20'
700
10/06/2004
18:42
00:08
57°06.40'
16°35.30'
803
11/06/2004
09:46
19:09
56°30.16'
17°18.16'
607
12/06/2004
08:25
18:52
56°30.30'
17°17.30'
685
13/06/2004
07:59
15:17
56°29.90'
17°18.20'
651
15/06/2004
08:10
19:08
53°30.99'
14°22.00'
876
15
Cruise Report
4.3
Fahrtbericht
Sediment Surface Sampling with Giant Box Corer
S. Noe, T. Beck, A. Foubert, A. Grehan
The main tool used for sediment sampling was the giant box corer, with a sampling area of
50x50 cm and a maximal penetration depth of 50 cm. The giant box corer was deployed at
38 stations during M61-3.
Penetration was highly variable due to the specific types of sediment. At sites dominated by
sediments, recovery was on average 20-40 cm with reasonably well preserved surfaces.
Areas with a dense coral cover did not allow a penetration depth beyond 20 cm. In total, ten
box-corer failed to collect any sediments. Extremely inclined mound flanks as well as
exposed hardgrounds prevented any penetration with the giant box corer; instead, these
were successfully sampled by the ROV.
In summary, 12 stations of a total of 19 deployments in working area 1 (Belgica Mound
Province), 2 stations of 5 in working area 2 (Propeller Mound), 9 stations of 11 in working
area 3 (West Rockall Bank), and 3 stations of 3 deployments in working area 4 (Northern
Porcupine Bank) yielded good results.
The sampling scheme of the boxcorer samples included high-resolution sampling of the
sediment surface and column. Various kinds of samples taken from the individual box corer
stations are listed in the detailed box corer protocols, available in form of the internal
compilation of the cruise data in digital version.
Surface sampling included two 100 cm 3 sub-samples - one stained with a solution of 19 of
rose Bengal in 1 litre ethanol for foraminiferal studies and one unstained for organiC matter
(TOC) analyses - taken by GeoB as well as sub-samples of varying quantities collected by
IFM-GEOMAR, IPAL, RCMG and UCC. The living invertebrate fauna was collected by IPAL for
taxonomic investigations. In addition, sub-samples of living Lophelia and/or Madrepora
skeletons were taken by IFM-GEOMAR and SAMS for stable isotope analyses. Temperature
measurements were taken immediately after arrival on deck.
The sediment column was sampled by archive liners taken by GeoB and IPAL (10 cm 0 in
each case) and by RCMG (5 cm 0 at every station and, in addition, 10 cm 0 at some
selected locations). Bulk core sediment at defined horizons was sampled by UCC at every
station, while analogous sampling by RCMG focused on working areas 3 and 4. At stations
which provided a recovery of more than 30 cm, GeoB sampled the sediment column by two
sets of syringes (10 cm 3 ) at 3 cm levels. In addition, archive boxes were taken by IPAL and
RCMG from a few boxes with excellent recovery.
The remaining sediment column was sieved stratigraphically in 10 cm-thick slices (or other,
following the sedimentary units) over a series of sieves with> 5,0 mm, 2,0-5,0 mm, 0,52,0 mm, 0,2-0,5 mm and < 0,2 mm mesh size. All sieved fractions were kept under
seawater. After at least 4 hours in the ships cold room (4°C) all samples were looked
through under the microscope. Thereby all animals (or at least a representative number of
specimens) have been sorted out. Samples containing a large number of remaining living
animals were then preserved in 70% ethanol. Samples from underlying sediments or
without any apparent animal life were rinsed and air dried. All living animals were kept alive
16
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
in the cold room for further documentation. Therefore the IPAL documentation system
consisting of a computer-guided digital camera system mounted on a binocular was used.
The ANALYSIS software package provided a multitude of different photographic features.
Specimens larger than 3 cm have been documented using an ordinary digital camera. After
its documentation each specimen was preserved separately in 70% ethanol to allow
verification of the preliminary identifications made on board.
4.4
Sediment Sampling with Gravity Corer
c. Wienberg, C. Hayn, A. Jurkiw, J. Kaiser, M. Lutz, F.
Schewe
Sediments were sampled with a gravity corer (SL 6 and SL 12) at 11 stations along the
Celtic Continental Margin (Galway Mound, Franken Mound, Northern Porcupine Bank) after
detailed surveys with the shipboard PARASOUND system. All details on the core stations are
given in Table 4.3 and in the station list. At Galway Mound, seven gravity cores were
retrieved. At Franken Mound, we recovered two gravity cores from the top of the mound
and off-mound. Additionally, at the Northern Porcupine Bank two gravity cores were
retrieved, with the off-mound core not containing any sediments.
Table 4.3: Gravity Corer (SL) stations during M61-3 cruise. BMP: Belgica Mound Province;
WRB: West Rockall Bank; NPB: Northern Porcupine Bank.
Stat. No.
Area
Coordinates
Depth
Recovery
Analysis onboard
c
0
'.0
Lat. ON
GeoB
Long.oW
[m]
[cm]
corals
c.
.;:
u
Vl
(j)
.s0
.r::.
c.
C1
, c.....
o c
-o ro
c
u u
Vl
"0
C1
c
C.
E
ro
Vl
9212-1
BMP; Top Galway
Mound
51°27.13'
11°44.99'
847
193
X
X
X
X
X
9213-1
BMP; Top Galway
Mound
51°27.09'
11°45.16'
793
515
X
X
X
X
X
9214-1
BMP; Galway
Mound
51°27.06'
11°45.28'
857
489
X
X
X
X
X
9222-1
BMP; Galway
Mound
51°27.48'
11°45.39'
900
376
X
X
X
X
X
9223-1
BMP; Galway
Mound
51°26.90'
11°45.10'
839
465
X
X
X
X
9225-1
BMP; Galway
Mound, off-mound
51 °26.76'
11°48.55'
1072
358
X
X
X
X
9226-1
BMP; Galway
Mound, off-mound
51 °27.75'
11°43.03'
887
251
X
X
X
X
9282-1
WRB; Top Franken
Mound
56°30.20'
17°18.31'
642
169
X
X
X
X
9283-1
WRB; Franken
Mound, off-mound
56°29.98'
17°18.65'
683
489
X
X
no
data
9294-1
NPB; Connaught
Mound, off-mound
53°31.06'
14°21.80'
871
9295-1
NPB; Top
Connaught Mound
53°30.90'
14°21.10'
723
17
X
no recovery
475
X
X
X
no
data
X
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
To recover longer sediment sequences, a gravity corer with a pipe length of 6 m and a
weight of 1.5 tons was used at 9 stations (GeoB 9212-1, 9213-1, 9214-1, 9222-1, 9223-1,
9282-1, 9283-1, 9294-1, 9295-1) as well as a gravity corer with a pipe length of 12 m and
weight of 1.5 tons was used at 2 stations (GeoB 9225-1, 9226-1). Before using the coring
tools, the liners had been marked lengthwise with a straight line in order to retain the
orientation of the core. Once on board, the sediment core was cut into 1 m sections, closed
with caps on both ends and labeled according to a standard scheme.
Ten cores were retrieved with recoveries between 1.69 and 5.15 m resulting in a total core
recovery of 37.80 m. Due to the supposed high content of coral fragments 7 of 10 sediment
cores were frozen for 24 hours before opening (Tab. 4.3). All gravity cores were opened on
board and 9 of 10 sediment cores were sampled. All cores were cut into an archive and
work half. The archive half was used for core description, smear slide sampling, core
photography, and color scanning. The work half was sampled with two series of syringes
(10 ml) at 5 cm intervals for geochemical, sedimentological and faunal studies. Further
analysis of the sediment cores will be done after the cruise at the Department of
Geosciences, University of Bremen.
The core descriptions shown in the appendices summarize the most important results of the
analysis of each sediment core following ODP convention. The lithological data, indicated in
the "Lithology" column, are based on visual analysis and smear slide analysis of the core. In
the structure column the intensity of bioturbation together with special features (coral
bioclasts, shell fragments, lamination etc.) is shown. The hue and chroma attributes of color
were determined by comparison with the Munsell soil color charts and are given in the color
column in the Munsell notation.
A Minolta CM-2002TM hand-held spectrophotometer was used to measure percent
reflectance values of sediment color at 31 wavelength channels over the visible light range
(400-700 nm). The digital reflectance data of the spectrophotometer readings were
routinely obtained from the surface (measured in 2 cm steps) of the split cores (archive
half). The color measurements (red-green ratio, blue-yellow ratio and lightness) of each
core are shown together with the visual core description for each core.
4.5
Plankton Net
L. Dodds
Plankton was sampled using a 120 IJm plankton net for on-board feeding trials with Lophelia
pertusa and Madrepora oculata. Vertical tows were performed on two occasions during the
cruise, at the Rockall Bank and at the Porcupine Bank. Along the transect from the
Porcupine Bank to the Azores, plankton was collected for 24 hours from the centrifugalpumped seawater in the laboratory. Initial analysis suggested high numbers of copepods
within the plankton samples, with large numbers of salps (Class: Tha/iacea) being collected
with each plankton tow. The plankton were used in feeding trials and then preserved in 10%
formaldehyde for subsequent analysis.
18
Cruise Report
5
5.1
Fahrtbericht
General Results
ROV-Based Recovery of Current Meters
B. Dorschel
A major task during this cruise was the recovery of seven sensor units (Fig. 5.1) deployed at
Galway Mound in the Belgica Mound Province in June 2003 with the French ROV VICTOR
6000. The sensor units, consisting of inductive current meters and CTDs, had been deployed
on north-south and east-west transects over the structure to collect data on the small scale
flow field on and around Galway Mound. With sampling intervals of 10 minutes, the recorded
data are sufficient to provide information on possible tidal influences on the mound.
The sensor units were installed in the frame of the ESF-project MOUNDFORCE and the main
task was to analyse the current regime at Galway Mound and to compare these data with
different biological and geological facies found on and around this carbonate mound. Earlier
work on carbonate mounds in the Porcupine Seabight revealed a close connection between
oceanography, the occurrence of coral thickets, the sedimentation and thus the
development of carbonate mounds. Therefore, for the first time a carbonate mound had
been covered with a grid of sensor units analysing up- and down-stream currents (northsouth transect). Two additional sensors were placed in the east and in the west of the top of
the mound to obtain a 3D-coverage. First onboard instrument checks indicated that six of
seven sensor units were still operating after recovery.
Fig. 5.1:
ROV recovery of current meters at Galway Mound (© MARUM, Bremen).
19
Cruise Report
5.2
Fahrtbericht
Carbonate Hardgrounds
s. Noe
A main objective of RV METEOR cruise M61-3 to the Porcupine-Rockall area was to evaluate
which processes are involved in the stabilization and lithification of the steeply inclined
flanks of carbonate mounds growing on the continental margins of the Porcupine Bank and
Rockall Bank at 600-1000 m water depth. Carbonate samples were collected during ROV
dives GeoB 9255-1 and 9267-1 on the western Rockall Bank (Franken Mound) and GeoB
9267-1 on the newly discovered Connaught Mound (Fig. 5.2).
ROV dives along the western flank of Franken Mound (West Rockall Bank) and at the crest
of Connaught Mound and a nearby scarp on the Northern Porcupine Bank provided videos of
exposed carbonate beds with uneven surfaces that are covered by living and dead coral
colonies in certain areas. Cliffs consisting of well-bedded carbonate lithologies of different
weathering resistance, which closely resemble alternations of pelagic and hemipelagic
sediments, are locally exposed with individual layers measuring several decimetres in
thickness. Samples recovered from the rather resistant layers on Franken Mound and
Connaught Mound show two major facies:
(1) poorly to moderately lithified pelagic
foraminiferal-nannoplankton oozes
(2) highly lithified fossil coral reef framework.
Fig. 5.2:
Sampling of carbonate crusts with QUEST's heavy duty Rigmaster manipulator
(© M.t..RUM, Bremen).
20
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
Fossil pelagic carbonates
Samples of the well-bedded lithified pelagic oozes show two sub-lithologies: (1) a micritic
facies comprising hard, moderately lithified foraminiferal-nannoplankton oozes with very
uneven surfaces that are heavily bored, encrusted by sessile invertebrates and Fe/Mn-stained
or covered by thin manganese crusts; (2) a chalky facies conSisting of soft, poorly lithified
nannoplankton-foraminiferal oozes which in the same way shows bioeroded and Fe/Mnstained surfaces. Both facies are white except for the stained surfaces. Planktic and some
admixed benthic foraminifera compose the silt-size fraction, while the clay-size matrix is
made up of nannoplankton. The fine-grained pelagites may be admixed with varying amounts
of pelagic pteropods, benthic bivalves, and coral fragments which were eroded from coral
thickets further upslope.
Fossil coral reef framework
Fossil reef rock consists of scleractinian skeletons (mainly Lophelia, Madrepora and some
solitary corals) and shells of reef dwellers (bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods etc.). Most
part of the framework is clogged by fine-grained calcareous sediments. By analogy to the
lithified pelagic oozes, the rock surfaces are strongly bioeroded, encrusted by diverse
invertebrates, and Fe/Mn impregnated. The reef rock differs from the pelagic carbonates by
having a high portion of autochthonous to parautochthonous sessile invertebrates and a
high degree of lithification. Exposed cliffs show multiple stages of vertical coral growth
which are separated by thin layers of fine-grained pelagic sediments.
Distribution of carbonate facies
ROV dives and the recovery of carbonate samples revealed that the resistant carbonate
lithologies - moderately lithified pelagic oozes and fossil coral framework - construct the
steep western flank of Franken Mound on West Rockall Bank and the Connaught Mound on
the Northern Porcupine Bank, forming bedded cliffs of up to several meters height. Pelagic
micrites form major part of the western flank of Franken Mound, while fossil reef framework
shows a patchy distribution on the flank and crest of this mound, documenting long-term
coral growth in these areas. On the other hand, poorly lithified chalky beds are restricted to
the smoothly inclined eastern flank of Franken Mound, where they are eroded from
surrounding current-rippled sandy sediments. This facies distribution clearly reflects the
asymmetric shape of Franken Mound.
Genesis of hardgrounds on Rockall and Porcupine banks
Lithification of the pelagic (and hemipelagic?) sediments derives predominantly from
physical compaction linked with pore fluid escape in the course of sediment burial, although
a possible microbial support by preCipitation of automicrites in the tiny pores cannot be
ruled out. Duration of burial and depth-related overburden pressure controlled the
formation of chalky or micritic carbonates respectively. Major lithification of the fossil reef
carbonates took place by reduction of primary growth framework porosity via infill of finegrained pelagic calcareous oozes and - possibly - microbial automicrite precipitation. After
burial, the lithified carbonate beds were exhumed by currents, forming escarpments or
steep cliffs on the sea floor. Subsequently their surfaces were affected by (1) bioerosion as
indicated by burrows, and (2) abraSion, documented by furrowed surfaces and Fe/Mn
impregnation. These characteristic features of non-deposition/erosion and submarine
exposure prove the exposed fossil carbonates to be real hardgrounds which form the
steeply inclined flanks of the carbonate mound. Fe/Mn-staining and some manganese crusts
argue for a Pleistocene age or older.
21
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
Coral colonization of hardgrounds
Hardgrounds exposed in loose sediments of the RockalljPorcupine continental slope settings
are colonized by colonial scleractinians, whereas the dense mesh of coral skeletons
surrounded by the sticky coenenchym is a preferential site of fixation of fine-grained pelagic
rain. By protecting sediment particles from current transport, the coral framework supports
sediment stabilization at the sites of coral growth. After a first stage of patchy colonization,
coral colonies gradually amalgamated to coral gardens covering the flanks and ridges of
topographic highs, thus forming carbonate mounds with steeply inclined flanks. Internal
stratification of the fossil coral framework documents individual stages of coral growth
interrupted by periods of pelagic sedimentation. The latter intervals indicate a deterioration
of environmental conditions for the corals.
Conclusions
Fossil lithified pelagites and coral reef framework exposed on the flanks and tops of the
investigated carbonate mounds represent hardgrounds which are responsible for
stabilization of the steep mound flanks and provide a solid substratum for colonization of
mound-forming invertebrates in areas of otherwise loose sediment accumulation. A possible
microbial control on stabilization and lithification of the investigated carbonate mounds may
be based on the formation of biofilms on coral skeletons and hard substrates via sediment
binding. In addition, bacterially induced precipitation of automicrite and carbonate cements
which are known to occlude major primary porosity in tropical shallow-water reefs may have
contributed to porosity reduction and lithification of the deep-water coral reef framework.
Reefal and pelagic hardground facies are strikingly different from bacterially-induced
authigenic carbonate preCipitates typical of cold seep, mud volcano and gas hydrate
settings, such as thin-bedded micritic carbonate crusts and collapse breccias. Their origin is
clearly related to local oceanographic conditions, lacking any endogenic control.
5.3
Environmental Impacts in Areas of Deep-Water Coral
Occurrences
A. Grehan
Serious damage to deep-water corals has been observed during ROV investigations of reef
areas in Norway. It is estimated that between 30-50% of known reefs have been impacted by
the use of deliberate destructive trawling techniques (Fossa et al., 2002). Documentation of
this destruction has led the Norwegian Authorities to ban trawling from areas where corals are
known to occur. Deep-water corals off the west coast of Ireland are located much deeper than
their Norwegian analogues and it was thought that this gave them a degree of protection.
Sadly, allegations of Norwegian style damage in Irish waters (Grehan et al., 2003) were
substantiated during the RN ATALANTE CARACOLE cruise in 2001 (Grehan et al., in press)
and the subsequent RjV POLARSTERN ARK 3A cruise in 2003 (Grehan et al., 2004).
During M61-3, the QUEST ROV dives offered an opportunity to expand our knowledge of the
types and intensity of environmental impacts (particularly from fishing) in Irish waters. This
information will help provide the scientific base for decision makers charged with selecting
appropriate management measures to ensure that ecological quality objectives established
during designation of conservation areas can be effectively met. Ireland is currently at the
22
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
beginning of the designation process to establish a network of conservation areas (Special
Areas of Conservation under the EU Habitat's Directive) to protect deep-water coral reefs.
Environmental impacts observed during the dives can be broadly assigned to two
categories: (1) small man-made objects lost/thrown overboard (Tab. 5.1, Fig. 5.3A), and
(2) gears lost during routine fishing activity (Tab 5.1, Figs. 5.3B-D). In the first category, of
interest was the utilization of a piece of man made material in place of the usual
antipatharian/gorgonian branch, characteristically carried by a Paramola sp. crab, as a
defence over it's carapace. In the second category, all of the lost fishing gear was observed
on Franken Mound. The images in Figs. 5.3B-D clearly show gill/tangle nets complete with
head and ground lines. In Fig. 5.3B, the ground or headline has been colonized by settling
epifauna which suggests the gear was not lost recently. In Figs. 5.3C-D, the net is full of
coral, and has clearly been dragged in a failed attempt to free it from snags. While some
coral may survive in these nets, it is almost certain that many corals died due to the
enforced change of location.
The Franken Mound and surrounds, is still an area favoured by fishermen as was evident
during the first dive when a long liner (Fig. 5.4A) approached within one nautical mile of RjV
METEOR while retrieving previously set gillnets. The skipper confirmed that he was mainly
interested in monkfish, blue ling, red crab (Figs. 5.4B-D) and sikki shark.
Deep-water coral areas are fished in Irish waters using both static gears (gill/tangle net and
sometimes crab pots) and heavy trawl gear (principally for orange roughy; Hoplostethus
atlanticus). During M61-3 we saw no evidence of the latter, but once again, we observed
the impact that attempted recovery of snagged static gears can have on deep-water corals.
It is likely, that in addition to banning trawling, the use of static gears will have to be
managed in areas deSignated for the conservation of deep-water corals. This will require the
implementation of appropriate technical conservations measures under the Common
Fisheries Policy (Long and Grehan, 2002).
Table 5.1: Location and description of environmental impacts observed during the M61-3
QUEST dive series.
EVe1t
Stat.
No.
GeoB
Date
Coordinates
Lat. ON
Depth
Dive
Time Tape Observation
No.
QUEST [UTC] No.
Digital
Long.oW
[m]
1
9203-1 05/06/04 51°26.71' 11°45.03'
887
16
11:56
2
metallic box
2
9203-1 05/06/04 51°26.71' 11°45.03'
891
16
12:00
2
metallic rubbish
3
9255-1 11/06/04 56°30.01' 17°18.42'
666
21
11:40
2
lost tangle net, Roxania sp.
4
9267-1 12/06/04 56°29.92' 17°17.84'
669
22
11:57
4
Paramo/a sp. with man made
object as cover
5
9281-1 13/06/04 56°30.30' 17°18.60'
648
23
12:27
5
lost fishing net (rope) in btw.
Fig.5.3B
dead coral and hardground
6
9281-1 13/06/04 56°30.38' 17°18.63'
651
23
13:27
6
lost tangle net full of coral,
Roxania sp. On rope.
Fig.5.3C
Fig.5.3D
7
9285-2 15/06/04 53°30.92' 14°21.01'
704
24
12:05
5
white plastic rubbish bag
Fig.5.3A
8
9285-2 15/06/04 53°30.88' 14°20.94'
758
24
12:22
5
plastic bag
23
Still
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
Fig. 5.3:
(A) Plastic bag imaged on the Connaught Mound. (B-D) Lost gillnetsjtangle-nets
on Franken Mound (© MARUM, Bremen).
Fig. 5.4:
(A) Longliner recovering gillnetjtangle net sets from the Franken Mound area.
(B) Commercial target species: Molva dypterygia (blue ling), (C) Lophius
piscatorius (monkfish), (D) Chaceon affinis (red crab; © MARUM, Bremen).
24
Cruise Report
6
Fahrtbericht
Regional Results
Working Area 1: Belgica Mound Province
6.1
6.1.1
Bathymetry and Sampling Stations
A. Foubert, L. Beuck, J. Gault
'+
N
W"
E
\
'8 .
Galway Mound
11 "M'O'W
N
W+""
\
s'
)'N
51'2T30"N
GeC~237
~O~23t. "
Galway Mound
1h15's(r"N
Fig. 6.1:
Maps of bathymetry, QUEST dives (top) and sampling stations (bottom) in the
Belgica Mound Province. Stars: current meters; circles: gravity corer; squares:
box corer; triangles: CTD.
25
Cruise Report
6.1.2
Fahrtbericht
Hydrography
A. Ruggeberg, L. Dodds
Within the Belgica Mound Province 13 CTD profiles were performed, of which 5 profiles
covered positions in a NS- and EW-direction across Galway Mound, to compare with
measurements taken on cruise M61-1. The distribution of water masses at Galway Mound
was typical for the eastern margin of the Porcupine Seabight with a warm surface water
mass layer of 40 to 50 m, overlying the Eastern North Atlantic Water, where temperature
and salinity decrease to a minimum at ",600 m water depth (Fig. 6.2). Increasing salinity
values indicate the occurrence of Mediterranean Outflow Water below '" 700 m with a
coherent decreasing oxygen content.
15
BMP
14
SW
13
()
~
~
12
:J
'§
Q)
0..
11
E
~
10
i
lMOW
9
8
35,2
35,3
35,4
35,5
35,6
35,7
Salinity
Fig. 6.2:
TS-plot of a typical CTD profile in the Belgica Mound Province (BMP; station
GeoB 9234-1). SW: Surface Water; ENAW: Eastern North Atlantic Water; MOW:
Mediterranean Outflow Water.
To analyse the temporal variation of water mass dynamics in the vicinity of Galway Mound,
we established a series of CTD profiles at three positions - west, top and east of Galway
Mound - and repeated the measurements three times except for the eastern location. The
result was a time-series of eight CTD profiles with one-hour interval between each cast,
which visually indicates the influence of tidal waves at 600-700 m water depth (Fig. 6.3) as
reported by Rice et al. (1990) along the European continental margin and by White (2003)
along the eastern slope of the Porcupine Seabight.
The salinity minimum appearing from the east may be the result of internal wave reflection
at the slope. Additional strong Ekman downwelling induced by the northward flow of the
slope current delivers re-suspended organic material into the depth of the carbonate
mounds (White, in press). These processes are important for the deep-water coral
ecosystem as the corals take advantage of the high nutrient availability, the strong currents
and the pumping dynamics of internal waves.
26
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
UTC
UTC
------,-------;-----,------,-
---:--J5,-~
575
I
.~5
i
;
I
~
i
1.575
T'- - t - '--'-_-....J
'" .+- <~.1S_1
35,55
""-!'---H
~.(4)
~-?,'5,1
;:;
GeoB
9231-1
!~ ~,y.1i
GeoB GeoB
9232-1 9233 -1
\1>'
~¥:l}
GeoB
9234-1
(n S5.:Y,
GeoB
9235-1
<!<1~'
,H's:l
(>{51S)
'Ji !:'~':!-i
GeoB GeoB
9236-1 9237-1
GeoB GeoB GeoB
9231-1 9232-1 9233-1
{,'(t5~:
GeoS
GeoB
9234-1 9235-1
!#5,;,:-3j
;#':X::.~,
GeoB
9236-1
GeoB
9237-1
GeoB
9238-1
Fig. 6.3:
CTD time-series across Galway Mound, Belgica Mound Province. Temperature
and salinity indicate the influence of tidal waves at the water mass boundary
between Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW) and Mediterranean Outflow Water
(MOW; 600-700 m) with increasing time (UTe on top, station and GeoB-No. and
position relative to mound on bottom).
6.1.3
ROV Video Observations
B. Dorschel, T. Beck, A. Foubert, J. Gault, A. Grehan, V. Ratmeyer, G. Ruhland
In total, 4 dives (GeoB 9203-1, 9211-2, 9239-1, 9240-1) were performed in the Belgica
Mound province in the Eastern Porcupine Seabight with'" 18 hours of video footage recorded
(Fig. 6.1, top). Three dives (GeoB 9203-1, 9211-2, 9239-1) were carried out at Galway
Mound devoted to the recovery of 7 sensor-packages (current meter, CTD) which have been
deployed in June 2003. An additional dive (GeoB 9240-1) targeted an unnamed mound in
the Eastern Belgica Mound Province to sample hardgrounds that have been discovered
during a ROV survey with the French ROV VICTOR 6000 in June 2003.
The dive tracks for the recovery of the sensor units where chosen to complement existing
ROV surveys. Therefore south-north as well as east-west transects over the mounds were
selected thus crossing and completing the existing video coverage. During all dives
continuous video observations were recorded providing high quality video footage on facies
distribution, ecosystems, faunal assemblages and human impacts. In addition
sedimentological and biological samples were taken in areas, where standard sampling
techniques failed to succeed due to steep slopes and hard substrate.
Description of ROV-dives
Dive GeoB 9203-1 lasted 10h with 9h of ground sight. It started south of Galway Mound,
followed a grid at the southern and western base of the mound and than ran over the top to
the north. Dive GeoB 9239-1 lasted 9h with 7:20h of ground sight and crossed the mound
from east to west further continuing to the south (Fig. 6.1).
The off-mound area south of Galway Mound is characterised by sand waves with several
meters wave length. The crest of the sediment waves had often been overgrown by sponges
and corals while the troughs contained coarse sands. At the base of the mound the
abundance of living corals increased with also the troughs being covered with corals. At the
mound flank the wavy structure was still recognisable but being fully overgrown by corals
27
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
only intercepted by small sand patches. Upslope, increasingly higher abundances of living
corals occurred with the largest colonies in the summit area. North of the summit, following
the rim of the mound, the amount of living corals decreased and sand patches became more
common. The most northerly extension of the survey reached again the 'overgrown sand
wave' facies at the lower flank of Galway Mound. Also towards the east of the mound, the
living coral facies faded out into the 'overgrown sand wave facies' and further into the 'sand
wave facies'. The sand waves showed the characteristic of current induced mega-ripples.
A major task of the ROV-dives at Galway Mound was the recovery of seven sensor packages,
which has been performed successfully. The recovery of the sensor packages proofed the
capacity of the ROV navigation system to retrieve small objects without the support of
acoustic beacons or similar devices. It was possible to locate all seven sensor packages at
"'800 m water depth after a one year deployment based on only the deployment coordinates.
The sensor packages were picked with a manipulator to remove the stabilising weight with the
specially designed 'Krueger Knife' and stored on the porch of the vehicle or kept with the ROV
manipulator. Different to earlier plans, all sensor packages were brought on board with the
ROV and were not recovered with the elevator mooring. During dive GeoB 9203-1 three
sensor packages and during dive GeoB 9239-1 the additional four sensor packages have been
collected and brought to surface by the ROV. Against accidental loss during transport, the
sensor units were additionally secured with snap hooks to the ROV.
A surface sediment sample was collected by the ROV (GeoB 9239-1) with a sample bag at
the location of the current meter west of Galway Mound. The steep slope of this area cannot
be sampled with standard tools (e.g. box corer) thus leaving the ROV as the only tool for
collecting sediment samples.
The last dive in the Belgica Mound Province, performed at an unnamed mound structure from
the mound chain expanding south of Poseidon Mound, was devoted to the collection of hardgrounds. Unfortunately, the attempt to approach the rim of the mound, where the hardground
cropped out, failed due to strong currents. The eastern flank of this mound is covered by a
dropstone pavement interfering with sediments consisting purely of barnacle plates.
6.1.4
Surface Samples
S. Noe, T. Beck,A. Foubert,A. Grehan
Galway Mound
Galway Mound represents one of the largest mound structure of the "deeper line of mounds"
of the Belgica Mound Province. This prominent elongated sea bed structure with more than
160 m positive relief arising from 920 m to 780 m water depth is characterized by living coral
framework covering its flat top and steep flanks, contrasting the fine-grained sediments of the
surrounding off-mound areas which contain dead coral framework and rubble derived from
the flanks. The density of coral cover increases from the base upslope the flanks, culminating
with highest abundance and coral size in the summit area (ROV dive observations).
Facies distribution
Living coral/sponge framework, mostly attached to underlying dead framework, was
recovered by the giant box corer on a south-to-north transect across the mound crest
28
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
(GeoS 9204-1, 9205-1 and 9206-1), furthermore on the steeply dipping western mound
flank down to a depth of 920 m (GeoS 9219), and on the somewhat less steeply inclined
east face down to 890 m depth (GeoS 9216-1; Fig. 6.4). Off-mound areas are characterized
by a mega-rippled "sand wave facies" composed of mixed siliciclastic-calcareous sediments
containing dead coral framework and rubble with a few living Madrepora colonies on top.
This facies extends from the southern flank of the mound (GeoS 9220-1, 9220-2) around
the eastern flank to its northern margin (GeoS9218-1), while in the western off-mound area
at 981 m depth (GeoS 9209-2) sand waves are covered by dead coral framework preserved in
situ, forming an "overgrown sand wave facies" as deduced from ROV observations (Fig. 6.4).
Sediment column
At the coral sites, fine-grained muddy to sandy sediment trapped within the dead
framework beneath the living surface was partly washed out during recovery. The thickness
of the sediment column rarely exceeded 20 cm, while two box corer deployments did not
provide any sediment. The sediment columns of the on-mound and off-mound sites showed
even to slightly uneven bedding with a reduction horizon being located 5-10 cm beneath the
surface of some box core columns, while other stations did not show any distinct differences
in redox conditions throughout the section. Sedding was commonly overprinted by irregular
bioturbation and/or distinct worm burrowing.
Composition of coral/sponge framework
Living reef framework collected from the crest and flanks of Galway Mound consists
predominantly of Madrepora oculata thickets. The healthy living framework is generally
devoid of any fine-grained sediment. Dead or subfossil coral framework underneath the
living reef-building community is made up of (several morphotypes of) Lophelia pertusa that
provide the colonization substratum for the corals. Dead framework is generally clogged by
mixed fine-grained calcareous-siliciclastic sediments. Lophelia skeletons show varying
taphonomy from in situ arrangement to total diSintegration of framework with small
fragments being embedded in the sediment. In this case a vertical succession from coral
rubble to a zone of dead but well preserved Lophelia skeletons to living reef communities
may be observed (e.g. at site GeoS 9219-1; Fig. 6.4).
Aphrocallistes, the dominating hexactinellid sponge of the Selgica Mound Province, was
found at all on-mound and flank sites where live specimens are actively involved in
framework building. Abundant dead specimens buried beneath living coral framework were
found at a site on the western mound flank (GeoS 9219-1), while at the western off-mound
site (GeoS 9209-2) a "sponge mass grave" of dead Aphrocallistes specimens appeared
beneath dead coral framework.
Biological features
Attached to the skeletons of the colonial scleractinians there are some solitary corals
(predominantly Desmophyllum cristagalli) , abundant hexactinellid sponges (Aphrocallistes
bocagei) , as well as gorgonians (Acanthogorgia armata). In some areas on Galway Mound
these species are extremely abundant and characterise the living coral habitat on this
mound structure. Dead and subfossil specimens of Aphrocallistes often served as substrate
for other animals like a yellow encrusting sponge (not to confuse with living Aphrocallistes
which is whitish) and species of Zoantharian which is also very characteristic due to its
bright yellow colour. The pink-coloured octocorals Anthothela grandiflora, hydroids and
encrusting bryozoans of different species are commonly encrusting the dead parts of coral
29
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
framework. The probably closest associate to the colonial scleractinians, the polychaet
Eunice norvegicus, was present in or on almost each piece of coral larger than 5 cm. Its
characteristic tubes, built up of a thin parchment-like layer, are normally overgrown by the
scleractinians and though contribute to the complexity of the coral framework.
Fig. 6.4:
Box core sampling stations and surface sediments in the Galway Mound area.
Circles: gravity corer; squares: box corer; triangles: CTD.
A multitude of vagile fauna including ophiuroids, bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes and
shrimps (Palaemon sp.) has also been sampled. The bivalves are mostly represented by
bysally attached species like Asperarca nodulosa. A bright red polychaet of the family
Hecionidae was almost as abundant as Eunice norvegicus. The solitary worm-shaped coral
Stenocyathus vermiformis was found to be very abundant in a sample from the coral habitat
close to the top of Galway Mound (GeoB 9219-1). Beside the very abundant species
Aphrocallistes another hexactinellid sponge, ?Mellonympha velata, was found in sample
30
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
GeoB 9204-1 from the southern slope of Galway Mound. This was the only record for this
species during the entire M61-3 cruise. It remains to be investigated if there is a relation to
the very low temperature of the sediment at this site. The sediment of sample GeoB 9204-1
was with 7°C about 3°C colder than all other sediment samples collected during M61-3.
Conclusion
Facies distribution revealed by box coring confirms Galway Mound to represent a still
growing mound with a deep-water coral/sponge ecosystem densely covering the flat top
and steep flanks down to the seabed. By analogy to the adjacent Therese Mound, Galway
Mound therefore clearly represents the catch-up to keep-up stage in the evolution of mound
growth in the Porcupine Seabight (ECOMOUND model: ROggeberg et al., in press).
Poseidon Mound
Poseidon Mound, the most prominent carbonate mound of the "shallower line of mounds" of the
Belgica Mound Province, elevates from 850 m (western slope) to 670 m (summit) water depth.
Since this mound has been sampled by several gears including giant box corer during RV
POSEIDON cruise POS 292, only three box-corer stations were carried out during this cruise.
Facies distribution
One site located at the eastern mound flank (GeoB 9227-1) revealed a dropstone pavement
with barnacle hash, stylasterids and echinoid (Cidaris) spines. A similar dropstone facies is
exposed in the off-mound area further to the south (GeoB 9229-1). On the other hand, a
box corer deployed on the northeastern flank (GeoB 9228-1) provided Madrepora rubble
sticking in well-sorted sands (Fig. 6.5). Penetration depth of the dropstone facies amounting
up to 41 cm is conspicuously higher than that of the coral sites.
Box core recovery from POS 292 cruise revealed that the crest and western flank of Poseidon
Mound are covered by Madrepora rubble with encrusting invertebrates largely embedded in
fine-grained sediments, while the eastern flank and off-mound areas are covered by sandy
sediments with extended dropstone pavements on top. Hence, the box core sampling of
M61-3 cruise fits well to the previously discovered sedimentary pattern of Poseidon Mound.
Biological features
The two samples (GeoB 9227-1, 9229-1) from the dropstone habitat surrounding Poseidon
Mound revealed a fauna well adapted to high current velocities. As characteristic features
the holothurian Psolus sp. and the stylasterid Pliobothrus symmetricus were found attached
to a dropstone. The barnacle Bathyplasma sp. was the only one found alive, although the
shell plates of dead Bathyplasma sp. are an important feature in the surface sediments.
From a biogeographical point of view sample GeoB 9229-1 is noteworthy as it contained
several species of molluscs which normally occur in more northern and shallower areas like
the bivalves Yoldiella pernula and Cuspidaria cuspidata. As these species were only found as
empty shells it is possible that they represent elements of a "cold fauna" representing past,
colder conditions. In clear contrast, GeoB 9228 contained several possibly subfossil species
with clear Mediterranean affinities (Putzeysia wiseri, Spondylus gussoni and Lima marioni).
With Coralliophila sp. only one species was found which possibly feeds on scleractinia. This
species is so far not yet reported from the Belgica Mound area.
31
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
Fig. 6.5:
Sox core sampling stations and surface sediments in the Poseidon Mound area.
6.1.5
Sediment Cores
C. Wienberg, C. Hayn, A. Jurkiw, J. Kaiser, M. Lutz, F. Schewe
In the Selgica Mound Province, seven gravity cores were retrieved from Galway Mound. Five
cores were retrieved from the top and the flanks of the mound structure (GeoS 9212, 9213,
9214-1, 9222-1, 9223-1; Tab. 4.3). These cores are dominated by a silty to fine sandy mud
matrix containing abundant bioclasts which are mainly composed of fragments of the coral
Lophelia pertusa and secondary made up of the coral Madrepora occulata, molluscs,
echinoid spines, brachiopods as well as benthic and planktic foraminifers. Two cores were
retrieved from the off-mound area close to Galway Mound (GeoS 9225-1, GeoS 9226-1;
Tab. 4.3). These cores look completely different compared to the five cores from the top
and the flanks. They contain very few fragments of organisms. The sediment is again mainly
made up of silty to fine sandy mud and in addition sandy layers occur.
32
Cruise Report
6.2
6.2.1
Fahrtbericht
Working Area 2: Hovland Mound Province
Propeller Mound
. lA
.
G~~eo21~·~
''\;/
Goomi'246-1
....O::::;;;;;"'jii:...-=;::::1,:ij,D<..
G_ _.....£.r:4(J(l====::;;;;;::3,60Jiii(J(l...._ _ _
4,~1\'.\""
Sl'S'O"N
Fig. 6.6:
Map of bathymetry and sampling stations around Propeller Mound in the Hovland
Mound Province. Squares: box corer; triangles: CTD.
6.2.2
Hydrography
In the Hovland Mound Province, northern
Porcupine Seabight, three CTD profiles
were achieved arranged in a N-S transect
across Propeller Mound. The water mass
distribution was similar to the Belgica
Mound Province with ENAW underlying the
surface waters (Fig. 6.7).
15
14
---.
-
13
()
0
~
12
.....:::I
~
<ll
Q.
Fig. 6.7:
TS-plot of atypical CTD profile
in the Hovland Mound Province
(HMP; station GeoB 9241).
SW: Surface Water; ENAW:
Eastern North Atlantic Water;
MOW: Mediterranean Outflow
Water.
E
~
11
10
9
8
35,2
35,3
35,4
35,5
Salinity
33
35,6
35,7
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
However, the signature of MOW seemed to be little shallower compared to the Belgica Mound
Province, which is the result of the northward and up-slope flow of water masses. Previous
studies and cruises have shown that the current intensity weakens in the northern Porcupine
Seabight and the general flow becomes south-westerly (e.g. Freiwald et al., 2000; White,
2003).
6.2.3
No QUEST dives were carried out in the Hovland Mound Province.
6.2.4
Surface Samples
Propeller Mound has been intensively investigated during several previous cruises. Hence,
box coring was conducted at only four stations, with two of them showing recovery. One
box core taken from a site near the summit (GeoB 9246-3; Fig. 6.8) devoid of living coral
framework reveals a poorly sorted, strongly burrow-mottled sediment with some Madrepora
rubble and a few dropstones.
Fig. 6.8:
Surface sediments in the Propeller Mound area. (A) Box core surface of GeoB 9245-1,
western off-mound area and (B) GeoB 9246-3, southern margin of summit.
The dead coral framework was typically colonized by hydrozoans, bryozoans and
agglutinating foraminifera and inhabited by a remarkable number of very juvenile Rochinia
carpenteria. These findings support the previous results that the summit of this mound is
locally covered by sediment and shows a reduced density of living corals, hence
representing a keep-up stage in mound evolution (ECOMOUND model: ROggeberg et al., in
press). Another station carried out in the distal western off-mound area (GeoB 9245; Fig.
6.8) provided burrowed siliciclastic silty mud lacking any reef-building skeletons. The
sample brought up some characteristic soft-bottom dwellers like ophiuroids, polychaetes
and some komokiaceans.
6.2.5
Sediment Cores
No gravity cores were collected in the Hovland Mound Province.
34
Cruise Report
6.3
6.3.1
Fahrtbericht
Working Area 3: West Rockall Bank
Franken Mound
Fig. 6.9:
Map of bathymetry and
sampling
stations
at
Franken
Mound,
West
Rockall
Bank.
Circles:
gravity corer; squares:
box corer; triangles: CTD.
lT19'JOY;
6.3.2
~7'1T3f,/V1
1T18'3l.tV:
Hydrography
Along the western slope of the Rockall Bank 19 CTD casts were performed at Franken
Mound, discovered during cruise M61-1. Eleven profiles were arranged in NS- and EWtransects across Franken Mound in water depths between 640 and 760 m and showed a
similar water mass distribution as profiles already performed during cruise M61-1. In
comparison to the Porcupine Seabight a typical TS-plot for the West Rockall Bank (Fig. 6.10)
showed colder and less saline surface waters. Below the surface waters a continuous and
linear TS-relation indicates the occurrence of a colder and less saline water mass, described
here as North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) with a different production area compared to
the ENAW. Below 600 m a slight increase in salinity may indicate a contribution of MOW or
another high saline water mass of southern origin, as the general direction of circulation
around Rockall Bank follows a clockwise flow.
35
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
A time-series with eight CTD profiles across Franken Mound was achieved in a similar way as in
the Belgica Mound Province with three positions (west-top-east), three measurements at each
position (except for the eastern one with only two) and approximately 55 minutes interval in
between each cast (Fig. 6.11).
The variability of temperature and salinity was similar to the observed variation of the eastern
Porcupine Seabight. Salinity showed a minimum at ",580 m water depth at the beginning of the
time-series, which vanished at around 4 h UTC and seemed to re-appear at the last station
GeoB 9280). The influences of tidal waves, internal wave reflection and Ekman downwelling
probably also play an important role as primary processes responsible for coral nourishment at
the western Rockall Bank.
'15
14
13
()
t...,
~
12
:J
1§
(])
Q..
11
E
~
10
9
8
35,2
35,3
35,4
35,5
35,6
35,7
Salinity
Fig. 6.10: TS-plot of typical CTD profile in the West Rockall Bank area (WRB; station GeoB
9250-1). SW: Surface Water; NACW: North Atlantic Central Water.
UTC
UTC
1;;p
·-..'«,~t
,U6::0,
GeoB GeoB
9273-1 9274-1
<j;tB~S)
GeoB
9276-1
GeoB
9277-1
GeoB
9278-1
tf,1>
{#~2i~
GeoB GeoB' GeoB
9279 -1 9280-19273-1
i>#€-nl
GeoB
9275-1
{1fU2"4}
GeoB GeoB
9276-1 9277-1
GeoB
9278-1
GeoB
9280-1
Fig. 6.11: CTD time-series across Franken Mound, West Rockall Bank. Temperature and salinity
indicate the influence of tidal waves at the surface and the water mass boundary
between NACW and the underlying water mass ("'500-600 m) with increasing time
(UTC on top, station and GeoB # and position relative to mound on bottom).
36
Cruise Report
6.3.3
Fahrtbericht
At the West Rockall Bank, in total 4 dives (GeoB 9249-1, 9255-1, 9267-1, 9281-1) were
performed. Two mound structures were investigated. The first dive targeted an unexplored
structure named Bremen Mount (Fig. 6.12A). Three further dives were performed at Franken
Mound (Fig. 6.12B).
Franken Mound
Bremen Mount
'wt.~.
,
N
1Ni"-E
.. c
S
S
A
B
Fig. 6.12: Tracklines of QUEST dives 20 and 21 in the West Rockall Bank area: (A) Bremen
Mount, (B) Franken Mound.
Bremen Mount is a newly discovered circular structure with ca. 3.5 km in diameter at the
West Rockall Bank. It was investigated by a ROV transect running up its southern flank
(GeoB 9249-1). The survey revealed that Bremen Mount is rather a seamount than a
carbonate mound, with what is supposed to be basalts exposed at its lower flank. Towards
the top, the basalt outcrops became covered by hemipelagic sediments. The flat summit
area was characterised by hemipelagic sediments with drops stones being common. The
occurrence of drop stones on the seafloor indicated that on Bremen Mount Holocene
sequences had either not been deposited or were eroded later.
The second target area at the West Rockall Bank was the Franken Mound. Three dives (Fig.
6.12B) were carried out to explore the curved structure that measured 5.2 km in north-south
direction and < 1.5 km from east to west. The mound summit is at about 640 m water depth
and its base at approximately 680 m water depth.
37
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
On Franken Mound ROV-dives of in total 27.25h were performed with dive GeoB 9255-1 lasting
9.5h. It started at the top of Franken Mound crossing its western flank in SW direction, running
up the flank in SE direction turning west at the crest following the rim of a west pointing spur.
Dive GeoB 9267-1 (10.5h) crossed the mound on an east west transect. The last dive, GeoB
9281-2 (7.25h), started at the mounds summit following its crest to the north. Franken Mound
is an asymmetric shaped mound with steep flanks facing west and low inclined eastern flanks.
The facies distribution also reflects this asymmetry.
The western flanks are characterised by large banks of outcropping hardgrounds several meters
high that gave this flanv a step-like character. In contrast, the east-facing flank was covered by
sandy sediments that :armed sand ripples and sand waves. Small positive morphological
structures further east off Franken Mound appeared to be outcrops of hardgrounds as well. All
observed hardgrounds were overgrown by numerous organisms as for example soft corals,
hydrozoans and sponge~ Extensive thickets of corals up to several meters high were observed
on the hardgrounds east of Franken Mound and in the crest regions. Those thickets were mainly
built by Lophelia pertusa, but Madrepora oculata was also common.
The abundant hardgrounds at Franken Mound and its irregular shape indicate that this mound is
an overgrown relict structure rather than an actively growing carbonate mound. An early
interpretation sees Franken Mound in a phase of erosion with the exposed hardgrounds
providing a settling ground for recolonisation.
6.3.4
Surface Samples
Franken Mound located on an isolated topographic high at the western slope of Rockall Bank
was discovered during M61-1 cruise by means of PARASOUND and OFOS surveys. The
elongated carbonate mound arises from about 680 to 630 m water depth with an elevation
of at least 50 m above the surrounding seabed. It shows a conspicuous asymmetric shape
with a steeply inclined western flank forming some kind of steep-faced embayment on the
deeper sea floor, and a largely straight, smoothly dipping eastern flank which grades into
the surrounding off-mound sediments. ROV dive tracks crossing the mound in a north-south
and east-west transect together with crab samples clearly revealed the west face to be
composed of moderately to well-lithified hardgrounds consisting of pelagic micrites and of
fossil reef framework, both forming steep, thick-bedded cliffs of several meters height. The
eastern flank, on the other hand, is made up of poorly lithified nannoplankton oozes forming
thin-bedded chalks which are exhumed from rippled calcareous sands largely covering this
flank and the adjacent off-mound regions.
Facies distribution
Franken Mound and its surroundings were sampled by 11 box corer deployments, with 9
being successful. Their recovery clearly reflects the asymmetry of the mound and corresponds
well with the ROV observations.
Summit and crest: Coral framework occurs on the summit and along the southward dipping
crest down to 670 m water depth. The summit is covered by coral thickets (GeoB 9256-1),
made up of dead to subfossil Lophelia pertusa and to a minor degree of Madrepora oculata
38
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
(Fig. 6.13). The dead framework with its lower part being clogged by soft, fine-grained
sediments is patchily overgrown by living Madrepora colonies and solitary corals
(Desmophyllum cristagalli and Caryophyl/ia sarsiae). The scleractinians represent by far the
most important frame builders. Tracing the crest towards the south (GeoB 9270-1) and
towards the north (GeoB 9268-1), the same framework of prevailing dead Lophelia pertusa
and associated Madrepora oculata colonized by some living Lophelia specimens and solitary
corals occurs also at greater water depths (668 or 656 m respectively; Fig. 6.13). Sampling
in the area of expended growth of large living coral colonies has been avoided. The
dominance of dead framework on the summit and crest as recovered by selective box corer
deployments contrasts the observations gained during three ROV dives and an OFOS survey
carried out on M61-1 cruise which clearly revealed extended areas of living corals growing
on top of dead corals and exposed hardgrounds on the central part of the crest, while dead
framework showing a patchy distribution is restricted to the western flank.
Fig. 6.13: Box core sampling stations and surface sediments in the Franken Mound area.
Circles: gravity corer; quares: box corer; triangles: CTD.
39
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
Flank deposits: Due to the lack of sediment cover on the steeply dipping west face
composed of lithified carbonates, box corers deployed on that flank did not provide any
recovery (GeoB 9259-1, 9259-2). At the foot of slope, however, well-sorted calcareous
sands containing some subfossil Lophelia fragments and carbonate pebbles eroded from
the mound were recovered together with a few dropstones (GeoB 9260-1; Fig. 6.13). This
facies type composed of fine-grained carbonate sands, some dropstones and scattered
coral rubble largely resembles that of the eastern flank (GeoB 9258-1); the latter differs,
however, by the fact that the coral rubble is composed of subfossil Madrepora fragments
(Fig. 6.13).
Off-mound areas: Two box corers deployed east (GeoB 9257-1) and further northeast
(GeoB 9269-1) of the carbonate mound revealed well-sorted calcareous sands with scattered
dropstones and admixed shell fragments, serpulids and worm tubes; the sediment surfaces
being covered by abundant living ophiuroids (Fig. 6.13). Off-mound sites to the south (GeoB
9271-1, 9272-1) are characterized by well-sorted rippled sands composed of planktic
foraminifers with admixed dark lithoclasts derived from dropstones (Fig. 6.13). Ripples showing
wave lengths of 1-3 cm and a ripple height of the steep leeward slope of 0.3 cm are
asymmetric, slightly curved and locally bifurcated, thus being formed by unidirectional currents.
Invertebrate fauna, clearly dominated by ophiuroids, shows a low apparent diversity.
Sediment column
By analogy to the mounds of the Porcupine Sea bight, samples taken on the summit and
crest of Franken Mound revealed a moderate content of dead coral framework and subfossil
coral rubble embedded in fine-grained sediments. Penetration depths of 15-28 cm were
generally less than in the sandy facies of the deep mound flanks and off-mound areas which
provided a recovery of more than 30 cm. Most sediment columns showed a distinct
reduction horizon at 5-13 cm depth, characterized by the change from brownish to olivegrey colours.
The recovery of the coral-dominated on-mound cores taken on the summit and deeper crest
revealed oxic and reducing zones in the sediment column. Box cores from the deep-flank
and off-mound sites surrounding the carbonate mound showed three to four horizons,
characterized by a thick oxic interval following beneath a thin reducing zone. Identified
horizons are from top to base: (1) a coarse-grained oxic zone rich in skeletal grains; (2) a
finer-grained reducing zone mainly composed of planktic foraminifera following beneath the
reduction horizon; (3) a change to oxic Eh conditions documented by reddish-brown slightly
cohesive muddy silts with abundant worm burrows blurring the boundary to the overlying
reducing zone; (4) a zone of highly liquefied muddy silt of a prevailing oxic enVironment;
this horizon recovered from the southern off-mound site revealed abundant siliceous sponge
spicules deriving from the decay of a large hexactinellid sponge.
Biological features
On Franken Mound the framework-building scleractinians Madrepora oculata and Lophelia
pertusa are, similar to the previous stations, associated with stylasterids (here with
Stylaster sp.), hydroids, bryozoans, and other sessile organisms. In contrast to all other
stations from coral habitats sampled during the cruise, the hexactinellid sponge
Aphrocallistes bocagei does not occur on Franken Mound.
40
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
Very distinctive features in the fauna of Franken Mound are several polychaetes. A species
of Chaetopterus was frequently present with its u-shaped tubes. These tubes are reminding
the parchment-like Eunice tubes but are recognizable by a clear narrowing towards both
ends of the tube and by its typical u-shaped appearance. In the samples GeoS 9256-1,
GeoS 9270-1 and 9268-1 also several specimen of feather-worms (Sabel/idae) were found.
Feather worms have not been reported from other areas studied during M61-3. The
probably most striking characteristic of Franken Mound is the high abundance of bivalves
with Heteranemonia squamula and Hiatella arctica by far dominating the other invertebrate
fauna.
A very interesting observation was the finding of a sponge species growing on parts of living
Lophelia that are normally covered by the mucus layer. The sponge seems to compete with
the living tissue of Lophelia. In some Lophelia specimens an abnormal growth form was
observed where that sponge settled on. This yellow encrusting sponge showed to be
frequently co-occurring with a small actinian of orange colour which also seemed to be
competing with living tissue of Lophelia. Some specimens were eve growing into the thecae of
living Lophelia polyps. These two species have also been found on a piece of Lophelia from
Sremen Mound (ROV dive 20, GeoS 9249-1) and from Connaught Mound (GeoS 9287-1).
Conclusions
Franken Mound formed on a topographic high which may in part be responsible for the
strongly asymmetric flanks of the mound structure. Living coral framework was observed to
cover wide areas along the crest, whereas the patchy coral cover on the steeply inclined
western flank is mostly dead. This is in contrast to the mounds in the Selgica Mound
Province, where the crests and flanks are being equally colonized by actively growing coral
reef communities.
The flanks of Franken Mound are composed of lithified carbonates showing Fe/Mn-stained
and strongly bored surfaces, thus representing real hardgrounds that are indicators of
current erosion. Age determination and facies analysis of the sampled hardgrounds will help
to answer the question if the outcropping hardgrounds forming the flanks of the structure
are constructed by frame-building organisms, which would suggest that they belong to the
carbonate mound itself, or if they are part of the topographic high, forming the basement of
the actively growing mound. In the latter case they would represent a relict structure of
Pleistocene or Tertiary age that was later colonized by mound-forming organisms.
6.3.5
Sediment Cores
c.
Wienberg, C. Hayn, A. Jurkiw, J. Kaiser, M. Lutz, F. Schewe
In the region of the West Rockall Sank, we recovered two gravity cores from Franken
Mound; one from the top of the mound (GeoS 9282-1) and one off-mound (GeoS 9283-1;
Tab. 4.3). The core from the top of Franken Mound is composed of mud containing
abundant bioclasts of primarily Lophelia pertusa and secondary Madrepora oculata,
molluscs, echinoids and planktic foraminifers throughout the entire core. The off-mound
core is dominated by a white to pale yellowjvery pale brown clay with rare organisms
(shells, planktic and benthic foraminifers) and occasional bioturbation. In particular, the
lower part of the core shows semi-lithification.
41
Cruise Report
6.4
6.4.1
Fahrtbericht
Working Area 4: Northern Porcupine Bank
14'22'30W
QTS2'30"N
14'22'0"1'1'
14'21'30''\IIj
14"21'0"1'1'
14'20'30'VV
14'20'O'W
W19'30"W
N
Northern Porcupine Bank
w+"",,,'E.,
\,
/
S
53'32'O'N
53'32'O"N
53'31'30'N
53"31'30'N
GeoB9293
A
Geo89294-1 GeoB9290
"'I
GeoB9288-2
53'31'{)'N
"
'G..oS9287
53'31'O"N
1:- ~~
_t..Joo....
"
, ~G.'e08~~9,
A
,&,.
95"
'Geo81l292
I
DIVe 24
-
GeoB9290 Geo89286
Geo892S1
5330'30"N
53'30'30"N
A
53'30'O'N
53'30'O'N
53'29'30"N
53"29'3-(YN
O
..
_-=5::i:"io.::1=,O.OO..._ _2.,OCOO,=====3,OjiO..
O_ _ _
4,Oi?ele,s
14'22'30"W
14'22'0''1V
14'21'30"1'1'
14'21'0'1'1'
14'2(),30"W
14'20'O"W
14'lY30"W
Fig. 6.14: Map of bathymetry, QUEST dives (bold line) and sampling stations along the
Northern Porcupine Bank. Circles: gravity corer; squares: box corer; triangles: CTD.
6.4.2
Hydrography
Along the northern Porcupine Bank, six CTD casts were taken to analyse the water mass
distribution in NS-transects across Connaught Mound and a submarine ridge further east. A
typical CTD profile is illustrated in Fig. 6.15, presenting a water mass signature similar to a
combination of previous analysed sites (Porcupine Seabight and West Rockall Bank). The
surface water was slightly colder and less saline, as found within the Seabight, further to
42
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
the southeast. The water mass underlying the Surface water (SW) showed a continuous
decrease in temperature and salinity down to 9°C and 35.25 psu, indicating the contribution
of both ENAW down to ",570 m and NACW between 600 and 780 m water depth (Fig. 6.15).
The slight increase in salinity below 800 m may indicate a minor contribution of MOW or
another high saline water mass similar to the West Rockall Bank site, although the general
circulation of intermediate water masses is described to flow northwest passing the Rockall
Bank further west (Bower et al., 2002).
15
14
--
13
0
~
@
'12
::J
ro
'(l)
n.
E
~
11
10
9
Salinity
Fig. 6.15: TS-plot of a typical CTD profile of the Northern Porcupine Bank (NPB, GeoB 9288-2).
SW: Surface Water; ENAW: Eastern North Atlantic Water; NACW: North Atlantic
Central Water.
6.4.3
At the Northern Porcupine Bank a feature that consisted of a small mound (Connaught
Mound) extending into a scarp towards the north-east was investigated. The mound extends
",3 km in north-south direction and 1.7 km in east-west direction and rises 180 m above the
surrounding seafloor (summit at 680 m water depth). The scarp continues east of the
mound in a "'2.6 km long curve towards the north. At the scarp the water depth increases
rapidly from 680 to 900 m.
Dive GeoB 9267-1 started west of the mound continued to the top, went east of the scarp
crest, changed direction to north-west, crossed the scarp crest and descended the steep
western slope (Fig. 6.14) and lasted for 11: 30h. During that dive large coral colonies were
found in the summit area of the mound and at the scarp crest. These settled on exposed
hardgrounds which were common at the small mound as well as at the scarps crest and on
the scarp itself. The hardgrounds were structured in decimeter to meter size banks, some
43
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
showing internal structures as for example coral frameworks. The hardgrounds were
sampled on a profile down the scarp using the ROV manipulators.
Comparable to the Franken Mound, the structure on the northern Porcupine Bank appeared
to be a relict structure rather than a growing mound. The high abundance of hardgrounds
indicate erosive current regimes at the location at present. Indications for active
sedimentation had not been found in the mound and scarp area.
6.4.4
Surface Samples
s. Noe, T. Beck, A. Foubert,
A. Grehan
On the northern slope of Porcupine Bank, a small coral-topped carbonate mound
(Connaught Mound) extending into a scarp towards the northeast is exposed in the
bathymetric interval of 870 m (western slope) and 800 m (eastern slope) with a summit at
700 m water depth. Hence the structure reaches an elevation of about 150 m over the
seafloor to the west. The mound was sampled by three box corer deployments: one from
the summit (GeoB 9287-1), one from the south-east (GeoB 9286-1) and one from the
northwest (GeoB 9288-1) of the mound (Fig. 6.16).
Facies distribution
The summit is colonized by live Lophelia pertusa and associated invertebrate fauna.
Underneath the living reef surface dead Lophelia framework is clogged by poorly sorted
calcareous sands. The sampled sediment column of 12 cm thickness does not show any
distinct reduction horizon due to strong bioturbation; a colour change from brownish to
more olive-grey is visible, however. Underlying hardgrounds forming the substratum for the
corals to settle on may have caused the low penetration of the box corer.
Poorly sorted sands with some dropstones characterized the site located at the upper slope
southeast of the mound. An unusual abundance of living brachiopods and siliceous sponge
spicules observed in the oxic sediment horizon demands to add a new facies type to the
cool-water carbonate classification which is herewith described as BRACHIOHYALOSPONGE
facies. Sediment recovery of 35 cm thickness reveals 3 horizons: the brownish oxic zone
reaching down to 14 cm is rich in brachiopods and siliceous sponge spicules and shows a
fining- and darkening-downward trend. Beneath a distinct reduction horizon, an olive-grey
muddy silt grades into a dark-grey silty mud rich in organic matter.
The sample from the northwestern base of the mound slope revealed a dropstone pavement
on top of well-sorted sands, colonized by stylasterids (Pliobothrus symmetricus) and
abundant living ophiuroids. This off-mound facies resembles the sediments in the
surroundings of Franken Mound. Sediment column of 12 cm thickness reveals a coarseningupward succession from muddy silt to medium sand, lacking any distinct colour change
indicative for changes in the redox state.
Biological features
The coral habitat fauna on Connaught Mound, sampled with box core GeoB 9287-1, showed
to be somehow intermediate between the previous study sites. The coral framework was
exclusively built up of Lophelia. Sands clogged the dead parts of the framework. Sessile
organisms including stylasterids, sea anemones and hydrozoans, were commonly growing
44
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
on dead coral fragments. The vagile fauna was represented by several ophiuroids, a stalked
crinoid (presumably the same species that was found on one of the settlement plates
mounted on the current meters from Galway Mound), two specimens of Porania pulvillus
(Asteroidea) and the brachyuran Bathynectes maravigna. Also present were some
gastropods, polychaetes and a large number of very juvenile specimens of the crab Rochinia
carp en teria . The juvenile Rochinia were of about the same size than the ones found on
Propeller Mound. Very characteristic features were numerous amphipod (Ampeliscidae)
tubes attached in the thecae of dead Lophelia. Such amphipod tubes have not been
reported from any other station of the whole M61 cruise. The large living Lophelia colony
collected at site GeoB 9287-1 was settled by numerous actinians sitting very close to the
thecae of living polyps. Most probably it is the same species as on Franken Mound. In
coincidence with Franken Mound, this actinian is here co-occurring with a yellow encrusting
sponge growing on living parts of Lophelia.
Conclusions
Carbonate mound facies from the Northern Porcupine Bank sloping towards the Rockall
Trough more closely resembles the sedimentary pattern exposed on Franken Mound at West
Rockall Bank than that within the Porcupine Seabight. This may be controlled by
oceanographic properties of the intermediate water masses and current patterns prevailing
at depths of carbonate mound growth.
Fig. 6.16: Box core surfaces collected from (A) the summit, (B) southeastern off-mound and
(C) northwestern off-mound areas of Connaught Mound.
6.4.5
Sediment Cores
C. Wienberg, C. Hayn, A. Jurkiw, J. Kaiser, M. Lutz, F. Schewe
At the northern part of the Porcupine Bank two gravity cores were retrieved; one from the
top of Connaught Mound (GeoB 9294-1) and one from an off-mound setting (GeoB 9295-1),
however, with the off-mound core yielding no sediment recovery (Tab. 4.3). The core from
the top of the Connaught Mound is like the other top mound cores from Galway Mound and
Franken Mound. It is primarily made up of silty to fine sandy mud which contains bioclasts
dominated by fragments of Lophelia pertusa.
45
Cruise Report
7
Fahrtbericht
Metereological Station CDWD)
G. Kahl
When RV METEOR left Cork, Ireland, on June 4 th , 2004, a high of 1028 hPa was situated
south of Ireland and a gale center of around 990 hPa over the southern rim of the Irminger
Sea. There were just 15 hours of sailing after passing Cobh to reach the "Galway Mound" in
Porcupine Seabight's Belgica Mound Province. The vessel was accompanied by light
southerly winds. These favourable conditions extended into June 6th. Until then, a low had
moved from the area of Newfoundland to 50 North 33 West, intensifying to 995 hPa
thereby. A flat low south of the area had been incorporated in the flow around the gale
center. Hence, southeasterly winds of 5 Bft were reported on June 7th , veering southwest
and abating 4 Bft soon while the flat low passed the ship. On June 8 th , RV METEOR moved
to the "Propeller Mound". Southeasterly strong winds of 6 Bft for a few hours while a frontal
trough was passing did not inhibit sampling. The winds then veered to southwesterly 5 Bft.
RV METEOR went on to the Rockall Bank, arriving there on June 10th • Southerly strong
winds of 6 Bft while on the way brought no problems. The third working area welcomed the
research vessel with light and variable conditions, being due to the fact that the gale center
mentioned earlier had moved to Rockall Bank, too. The low then moved on to Scotland and
further eastward. During June 11 th , the vessel experienced northwesterlies of 5 Bft, abating
4 Bft and backing southwest.
The next day began with light westerly winds, backing southerly increasing 5 Bft in the
evening. Meanwhile, another high 1032 hPa had established itself south and southwest of
Ireland and on the other hand a gale center had gone up the west coast of Greenland,
thereby inducing another one on the southeastern coast of Greenland, intensity being
990 hPa on June 13th • A frontal trough extending from the gale center was swinging towards
Rockall Bank, and on the other hand the high was forecast to put on some more strength,
1036 hPa appearing on the forecast maps. In consequence, RV METEOR reported
southwesterly near gales of 7 Bft with gales 8 Bft in the forecast. As such conditions would
have made further dives of the "QUEST" impossible, it was decided to move to a position on
Porcupine Bank where better weather conditions were expected. When the ship arrived at
the new position on June 15th , southwesterlies were down to 4 to 5 Bft.
On the frontal trough waves were developing and one of these managed to intenSify into a
gale center of its own. Central pressure was 1010 hPa on June 15th at 57 North 28 West.
From there, the gale center moved to Scotland by June 17th and later further on to Northern
Germany, steadily deepening. On the other hand, the high south of Ireland finally
weakened.
These developments were of warning interest because time was running out, and when
there were strong westerlies of 6 Bft on June 16th , sampling had to stop in favour of the
course being set to Ponta Delgada on Sao Miguel in the archipelago of the Azores. The
voyage there began by crossing of what was left of the high which had been such a
dominating feature of the synoptic chart for quite a few days. Forecasts then saw a gale
center moving southeast from the Newfoundland area, swinging east north of the Azores so
that the ship may have to report strong southeasterly winds veering southwest and then
just before calling port strong to gale force westerlies.
46
Cruise Report
8
Fahrtbericht
References
Bower, A.S., Le Cann, B., Rossby, T., Zenk, W., Gould, J., Speer, K., Richardson, P.L.,
Prater, M.D., Zhang, H.-M. (2002) Directly measured mid-depth circulation in the
northeastern North Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 419: 603-607.
Conkright, M.E., Antonov, J.L, Baranova, 0., Boyer, T.P., Garcia, H.E., Gelfeld, R., Johnson
D.D., Locarnini, R.A., Murphy, P.P., O'Brien, T.D., Smolyar, L, Stephens, e. (2002)
World Ocean Database 2001, Volume 1: Introduction. Levitus, S. (ed.), NOAA Atlas,
NESDIS 42, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.e.: 167 pp.
Fossa, J.H., Mortensen, P.B., Furevik, D.M. (2002) The deep-water coral Lophelia pertusain
Norwegian waters: distribution and fishery impacts. Hydrobiologia, 471: 1-12.
Freiwald, A., Dullo, e. and Shipboard Party (2000) Cruise Report RV POSEIDON Cruise 265,
Thorshavn-Galway-Kiel, 13th September-1st October 2000: 65 pp.
Grehan, A.J., Unnithan, V., Olu, K., Opderbecke, J. (in press) Fishing impacts on Irish deepwater coral reefs: making the case for coral conservation. In: Thomas J. (ed.)
Proceedings from the Symposium on the Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic
Habitats: Linking Geology, Biology, Socioeconomics and Management, November
12-14th 2002, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Grehan, A.J., Long, R., Deegan, B., O'Cinneide, M. (2003) The Irish Coral Task Force and
Atlantic Coral Ecosystem Study Report on Two Deep-Water Coral Conservation
Stakeholder Workshops held in Galway in 2000 and 2002. Marine Environment and
Health Series, Report No. 11, Marine Institute, Parkmore, Galway, Ireland: 117 pp.
Grehan, A.J. , Unnithan, V., Wheeler, A., Monteys, X., Beck, T., Wilson, M., Guinan, J.,
Spencer, J.H., Foubert, A., Klages, M., Thiede J. (2003) Evidence of major
fisheries impact on cold-water corals in the deep waters off the Porcupine Bank,
west coast of Ireland: Implications for deep-water coral conservation within the
European Union. 2nd International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals, Erlangen,
Abstract Volume: 41 pp.
Long, R., Grehan, A.J. (2002) Marine habitat protection in sea areas under the jurisdiction
of a coastal member state of the European Union: the case of deep-water coral
conservation in Ireland. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 17:
235-261.
Rice, A.L., Thurston, M.H., New, A.L. (1990) Dense aggregations of the hexactinellid
sponge, Pheronema carpenteri, in the Porcupine Seabight (northeast Atlantic
Ocean), and possible causes. Progress in Oceanography, 24: 179-196.
Ruggeberg, A., Dullo, e., Dorschel, B., Hebbeln, D. (in press) Environmental changes and
growth history of a cold-water carbonate mound (Propeller Mound, Porcupine
Seabight). In: Henriet, J.-P., Dullo, W.-Chr. (eds.): Modern Carbonate Mound
Systems: A Window to Earth History.
White, M. (2003) Comparison of near sea bed currents at two locations in the Porcupine Sea
Bight - implications for benthic fauna. Journal of the Marine Biological
Association of the U.K., 83: 683-686.
White, M. (in press) The hydrography of the Porcupine Bank and Sea Bight and associated
carbonate mounds. In: Henriet, J.-P., Dullo W.-Chr. (eds.) Modern Carbonate
Mound System: A Window to Earth History.
47
Appendices
Station List M61-3
9
9.1
Table 8.1: Station list RV Meteor M61-3.
Station No.
Device
Area
Date
Time
[dd/mm/yy]
[UTC]
05/0612004
05/06/2004
1
BMP; Galway Mound
05106/2004
1
BMP; Galway Mound
0510612004
ROV+GAPS
(dive 16)
1
BMP; Galway Mound
551-1
GKG
1
552-1
GKG
2
Cast
Coordinates
Depth
Observations and subsamples
f----
~
CX)
GeoB
METEOR
9200-1
547-1
CTO
1
9201-1
548-1
CTO
2
9202-1
549-1
Mooring
9202-2
549-2
HN
9203-1
550-1
9204-1
9205-1
Lat. oN
Long.oW
05:30
51°56.75'
11°45.11'
890
12 bottles; see rosette protocol
06:34
51°27.10'
11°45.06'
810
08:25
51°27.14'
11°45.17'
828
08:30
51°27.14'
11 °45.11'
846
0510612004
09:48
51°26.70'
11°45.03'
892
3 sensors recovered
0510612004
21:44
51°26.94'
11°45.16'
8379
15 cm recovery; Madrepora, Lophelia, Aphrocallistes, little
sediment
05/06/2004
22:49
51°27.04'
11°45.12'
810
16 cm recovery; living and dead coral framework
No.
[m]
9206-1
553-1
GKG
3
BMP; NE of Galway Mound
0510612004
23:47
51°27.31'
11°45.12'
857
box tilted, no section; living corals, little sediment, only
surface sediment samples
9207-1
554-1
CTO
3
06/06/2004
00:54
51°27.61'
11°45.31'
920
9208-1
555-1
CTO
4
06/06/2004
01:56
51°27.13'
11 °45.44'
932
see rosette protocol
9209-1
556-1
GKG
4
BMP; W of Galway Mound, off-mound
0610612004
02:51
51°26.92'
11 °45.84'
983
not released
9209-2
556-2
GKG
5
BMP; W of Galway Mound, off-mound
0610612004
03:40
51°26.89'
11°45.81'
982
27 cm recovery; many corals and sponges, little sediment
9210-1
557-1
GKG
6
06106/2004
04:49
51°27.11'
11°45.20'
810
not released; 1 coral on gear
9210-2
557-2
GKG
7
06/06/2004
05:34
51°27.08'
11 °45.25'
833
not released; coral rubble on box
9210-3
557-3
GKG
8
06106/2004
06:11
51°27.09'
11°45.24'
828
released but no recovery
9211-1
558-1
HN
2
BMP; Galway Mound
0610612004
06:45
51°27.10'
11°45.20'
804
start: 06:45, end: 19: 10
9211-2
558-2
ROV
(dive 17)
2
BMP; Galway Mound
0610612004
09:38
51°27.10'
11°45.20'
795
ROV technical problems, dive cancelled
9212-1
559-1
SL
1
0610612004
16:09
51°27.13'
11°44.99'
847
6 m tube; 193 cm recovery; 2 segments
17:07
51°27.09'
11 °45.16'
793
857
9213-1
560-1
SL
2
0610612004
9214-1
561-1
SL
3
BMP; Galway Mound
0610612004
18:15
51°27.06'
11 °45.28'
9215-1
562-1
CTO
5
06106/2004
19:38
51°27.20'
11 °44.44'
923
4 bottles; bottles 5-6 did not release
20:29
51°27.09'
11 °44.81'
890
30 cm recovery; living and coral framework, little sediment
9216-1
563-1
GKG
9
06/06/2004
Table 8.1: (continued) Station list RV Meteor M61-3.
Station No.
Device
Cast
Area
Date
Time
Coordinates
f---
..j::>
1.0
Depth
GeoB
METEOR
[dd/mm/yy]
[UTC]
Lat. oN
Long.oW
[m]
9216-2
563-2
GKG
10
06/0612004
21:36
51°27.14'
11 °44.79'
903
not released
9217-1
564-1
GKG
11
BMP; Galway Mound
06/06/2004
22:37
51°27.35'
11°44.77'
925
9218-1
565-1
GKG
12
06/06/2004
23:39
51°27.47'
11°45.33'
889
20 cm recovery; coral framework, mostly dead
9219-1
566-1
GKG
13
07/06/2004
01:44
51°27.05'
11°45.40'
920
18 cm recovery; living coral frame work
9220-1
567-1
GKG
14
BMP; Galway Mound, off-mound
07/06/2004
02:46
51°26.69'
11°45.04'
891
8 cm recovery; sand with some coral rubble
9220-2
567-2
GKG
15
BMP; Galway Mound, off-mound
07/06/2004
03:47
51°26.68'
11°45.04'
892
6 cm recovery; sand with some coral rubble
9221-1
568-1
PS
1
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
04:57
51°26.90'
11°48.50'
1040
Parasound transect start
07/06/2004
07:21
51°27.60'
11°46.60'
997
Parasound transect end
No.
9222-1
569-1
SL
4
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
08:11
51°27.48'
11°45.39'
900
9222-2
569-2
HN
3
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
08:04
51°27.50'
11°45.30'
898
9223-1
570-1
SL
5
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
09:30
51°26.90'
11°45.10'
839
6 m tube, 465 cm recovery; 5 segments
9224-1
571-1
Mooring
2
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
11:05
51°27.20'
11°45.10'
852
Deployment from June 6, 2004, recovered
9225-1
572-1
SL
6
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
12:06
51°26.76'
11°48.55'
1072
12 m tube m; 376 cm recovery; 4 segments
9226-1
573-1
SL
7
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
13:57
51°27.75'
11°43.03'
887
11°41.70'
731
41 cm recovery; dropstone pavement on fine sediment
9226-2
573-2
GAPS
1
BMP; Galway Mound
07/06/2004
15:10
9227-1
574-1
GKG
16
BMP; E of Poseidon Mound
07/06/2004
19:09
51°27.40'
9228-1
575-1
GKG
17
BMP; NE of Poseidon Mound
07/06/2004
20:08
51°27.70'
11°41.59'
752
10 cm recovery; coral rubble on little sediment
9229-1
576-1
GKG
18
BMP; SSE of Poseidon Mound
07/06/2004
21:10
51 °26.61'
11°41.77'
772
9230-1
577-1
GKG
19
BMP; Poseidon Mound
07/06/2004
22:24
51°27.09'
11°44.80'
899
12 cm recovery; corallsponge framework, little sediment
9231-1
578-1
CTD
6
07/06/2004
23:45
51°27.03'
11°45.82'
978
9232-1
579-1
CTD
7
08/06/2004
00:45
51°26.98'
11°45.10'
837
9233-1
580-1
CTD
8
08/06/2004
01:42
51°27.13'
11°44.57'
929
9234-1
581-1
CTD
9
08/06/2004
02:45
51°26.98'
11°45.93'
987
GAPS USBL test
9235-1
582-1
CTD
10
08/06/2004
03:45
51°27.10'
11°45.22'
820
9236-1
583-1
CTD
11
08/06/2004
04:42
51°27.22'
11°44.39'
922
9237-1
584-1
CTD
12
08/06/2004
05:45
51°27.08'
11°45.78'
972
9238-1
585-1
CTD
13
08/06/2004
06:43
51°27.08'
11°45.16'
805
9239-1
586-1
ROV
3
08/06/2004
07:25
51 °27.10'
11°45.20'
781
Dive 18, 4 sensors recovered; 1 net sample
Station No.
Device
-
Cast
Area
Time
[dd/mm/yy]
[UTC]
Lat. oN
Long.oW
Coordinates
GeoB
METEOR
9239-2
586-2
HN
4
08/0612004
14:18
51°26.90'
11°45.00'
9240-1
587-1
ROV
4
BMP; S of Poseidon Mound
08/06/2004
17:50
51°24.30'
11 °41.20'
No.
Depth
[m]
start: 14:18, end: 21:03
700
Dive 19, samples of hardgrounds
9241-1
588-1
CTD
14
HMP; N of Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
03:12
52°09.34'
11 °45.94'
805
9242-1
589-1
CTD
15
HMP; Top of Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
04:02
52°08.89'
12°46.27'
728
9243-1
590-1
CTD
16
HMP; S of Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
05:01
52°08.24'
12°46.41'
732
9244-1
591-1
GKG
20
HMP;S of Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
06:01
52°08.61'
12°46.34'
758
not released
9245-1
592-1
GKG
21
HMP; SE-flank Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
06:59
52°08.84'
12°47.14'
769
40 cm recovery; fine-grained sediment
9246-1
593-1
GKG
22
09/06/2004
07:54
52°08.17'
12°46.20'
756
tipped over
9246-2
593-2
GKG
23
09/06/2004
08:38
52°09.00'
12°46.22'
746
not released
24
750
9246-3
593-3
GKG
09/06/2004
09:17
52°08.99'
12°46.20'
9246-4
593-4
HN
5
HMP; Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
09:08
52°09.00'
12°46.20'
9247-1
594-1
PS
2
HMP; Propeller Mound
09/06/2004
10:02
52°08.60'
12°46.80'
804
09/06/2004
10:24
52°09.60'
12°45.30'
873
10106/2004
14:13
57°05.20'
16°35.50'
933
Hydrosweep transect start
10106/2004
16:43
57"05.80'
16°36.60'
940
Hydrosweep transect end
Ul
o
Date
9248-1
595-1
HS
1
WRB; Bremen Mount
24 cm recovery; fine-grained sediment with coral rubble
start: 09:08, end: 19:36
9249-1
596-1
ROV
5
WRB; Bremen Mount
10106/2004
18:42
57"06.40'
16°35.30'
803
Dive 20, stopped, no visibility
9250-1
597-1
CTD
17
11/06/2004
04:47
56°31.25'
17°18.94'
729
9251-1
598-1
CTD
18
WRB; N-flank Franken Mound
11/06.2004
05:36
56°30.43'
17"18.56'
661
9252-1
599-1
CTD
19
WRB; Top Franken Mound
11/06/2004
06:24
56"30.00'
17°18.29'
655
9253-1
600-1
CTD
20
WRB; S-flank Franken Mound
11/06/2004
07:27
56°29.38'
17"18.45'
657
21
11/06/2004
08:24
56°28.80'
17°18.45'
690
9254-1
601-1
CTD
9254-2
601-2
HN
6
WRB; Franken Mound
11/06/2004
09:06
56°28.80'
17°00.80'
681
9255-1
602-1
ROV
6
WRB; Franken Mound
11/06/2004
09:46
56°30.16'
17"18.16'
607
Dive 21, mapping, sampling coral and carbonate crusts
9255-2
602-2
HN
7
WRB; Franken Mound
11/06/2004
10:00
56°30.22'
17°18.30'
641
start: 10:00, end: 10:30; at 10 m water depth
9255-3
602-3
HN
8
WRB; Franken Mound
11/06/2004
18:25
56°29.87'
17"18.66'
WRB; Top of Franken Mound
11/06/2004
20:07
56°30.20'
17"18.37'
629
678
33 cm recovery; fine-grained sediment with dropstones
674
9256-1
603-1
GKG
25
9257-1
604-1
GKG
26
11/06/2004
20:58
56°30.13'
17"17.77'
9258-1
605-1
GKG
27
WRB; Franken Mound
11/06/2004
21:55
56°30.07'
17"18.07'
start: 18:25, end: 18:50; at 10 m water depth
.
Station No.
GeoB
111
.......
Device
METEOR
Cast Area
f--No.
Date
Time
[dd/mm/yy]
[UTC]
Lat. oN
Coordinates
Long.oW
Depth
[m]
9258-1
605
WRB; Franken Mound
11/06/2004
21:55
56°30.07'
17"18.07'
674
606-1
GKG
GKG
27
9259-1
28
11/06/2004
22:41
56°30.04'
17"18.30'
678
9259-2
606-2
GKG
29
11/06/2004
23:16
56°30.04'
17"18.31 '
656
not released
9260-1
607-1
GKG
30
11/06/2004
23:59
56°29.98'
17°18.63'
683
9261-1
608-1
CTO
22
12/06/2004
02:12
56°29.54'
17"22.32'
757
9262-1
609-1
CTO
23
WRB; Franken Mound, W
12/06/2004
03:11
56°29.85'
17"20.35'
734
9263-1
610-1
CTO
24
WRB; Franken Mound, W
12/06/2004
04:04
56°29.91'
17"19.30'
709
9264-1
611-1
CTO
25
12/06/2004
05:01
56°30.19'
17°17.53'
689
9265-1
612-1
CTO
26
12/06/2004
05:55
56°30.26'
17"16.01'
671
9266-1
613-1
CTO
27
12/06/2004
06:45
56°30.36'
17"14.48'
658
9267-1
614-1
ROV
7
WRB; Franken Mound
12/06/2004
08:25
56°30.30'
17°17.30'
685
Oive 22, mapping and sampling
9268-1
615-1
12/06/2004
19:35
56°30.44'
17"18.62'
656
18 cm recovery; coral frameowrk, mostly dead
616-1
GKG
GKG
31
9269-1
32
WRB; NW of Franken Mound
12/06/2004
20:32
56°30.28'
17"17.63'
686
9270-1
617-1
9271-1
9272-1
33
WRB; SW of Franken Mound
12/06/2004
21:26
56°29.84'
17"18.30'
668
618-1
GKG
GKG
34
WRB; SE of Franken Mound, off-mound
12/06/2004
22:16
56°29.58'
17"18.16'
664
33 cm recovery; rippled sands with dropstones
619-1
GKG
35
WRB; S of Franken Mound, off-mound
12/06/2004
23:03
56°29.42'
17"18.25'
651
25 cm recovery; rippled sands with dropstones
9273-1
620-1
CTO
28
13/06/2004
01:01
56°29.93'
17°19.31'
709
no data
9274-1
621-1
CTO
29
13/06/2004
01:58
56°30.02'
17"18.10'
652
no samples
9275-1
622-1
CTO
30
13/06/2004
02:44
56°30.12'
17"17.25'
690
no samples
9276-1
623-1
CTO
31
13/06/2004
03:40
56°29.90'
17"19.46'
709
no samples
9277-1
624-1
CTO
32
13/06/2004
04:32
56°29.91'
17"18.20'
9278-1
625-1
CTO
33
13/06/2004
05:27
56°30.17'
17"17.43'
690
no samples
9279-1
626-1
CTO
34
13/06/2004
06:23
56°29.90'
17"19.35'
708
no samples
9280-1
627-1
CTO
35
13/06/2004
07:10
56°29.91'
17"18.13'
641
no samples
no samples
9281-1
628-1
ROV
8
WRB; West Rockall Bank
13/06/2004
08:45
56°29.90'
17°18.20'
651
Oive 23, mapping and sampling
9281-2
628-2
HN
9
WRB; West Rockall Bank
13/06/2004
11:50
56°30.20'
17"18.40'
633
start: 11 :50, end: 15:24
9282-1
629-1
SL
8
13/06/2004
16:03
56°30.20'
17°18.31'
643
9283-1
630-1
SL
9
WRB; Franken Mound
13/06/2004
16:45
56°29.98'
17°18.65'
684
Station No.
11l
IV
GeoB
METEOR
9284-1
631-1
Device
Cast Area
I-No.
PS
3
NPB; Northern Porcupine Bank
Date
Time
[dd/mm/yy]
[UTC]
Coordinates
Lat. oN
Long.oW
Depth
[m]
14/0612004
16:15
53°37.60'
14°27.50'
1260
15/06/2004
07:15
53°32.20'
14°18.50'
671
NPB; Connaught Mound
15/06/2004
08:00
53°30.99'
14°22.00'
876
Dive 24, mapping and sampling
9285-1
632-1
ROV
9285-2
632-2
HN
10
NPB; Connaught Mound
15/06/2004
14:00
53°30.91'
14°19.91'
739
9286-1
633-1
GKG
36
NPB; SE of Connaught Mound
15/06/2004
19:44
53°30.76'
14°20.87'
799
9287-1
634-1
GKG
37
NPB; Top of Connaught Mound
15/06/2004
20:46
53°30.91'
14°21.16'
696
12 cm recovery; living and dead coral framework
9288-1
635-1
GKG
38
NPB; NW of Connaught Mound
15/06/2004
21:41
53°31.06'
14°21.77'
870
9288-2
635-2
CTD
36
NPB; NW of Connaught Mound
15/06/2004
23:36
53°30.94'
14°21.92'
873
9289-1
636-1
CTD
37
16/06/2004
00:31
53°30.88'
14°21.29'
727
9290-1
637-1
CTD
38
NPB; SE of Connaught Mound
16/06/2004
01:30
53°30.77'
14°20.95'
790
no data
9291-1
638-1
CTD
39
NPB; E of Connaught Mound
16/06/2004
02:50
53°30.47'
14°20.61'
827
9292-1
639-1
CTD
40
16/06/2004
03:43
53°30.86'
14°20.49'
703
no data
9293-1
640-1
CTD
41
NPB; N of Connaught Mound
16/06/2004
04:41
53°31.13'
14°20.35'
856
9294-1
641-1
SL
10
NPB; Connaught Mound, off-mound
16/06/2004
05:39
53°31.06'
14°21.80'
871
no recovery
9294-2
641-2
HN
11
NPB; Connaught Mound, off-mound
16/06/2004
05:27
53°31.05'
14°21.77'
9295-1
642-1
SL
11
16/06/2004
06:36
53°30.90'
14°21.10'
723
Abbreviations
Device
CTD
Conductivity Temperature Depth Profiler with Water Sampler Rosette
BMP
Belgica Mound Province
GKG
Giant Box Corer
HMP
Hovland Mound Province
SL
Gravity Corer
WRB
West Rockall Bank
Plankton Hand Net
NPB
HN
ROV
QUEST 4000m Remotely Operated Vehicle
GAPS
USBL Acoustic Positioning System
PS
Parasound Sediment Echosounder
HS
Hydrosweep Bathymetric Multibeam Sonar
Area
Cruise Report
9.2
Fahrtbericht
Lithologs and color-scan sheets
Belgica Mound Province
Galway Mound
GeoB 9212-1, GeoB 9213-1, GeoB 9214-1, GeoB 9222-1, GeoB 9223-1, GeoB 9225-1, GeoB 9226-1
page: 54-60
West Rockall Bank
Franken Mound:
GeoB 9282-1, GeoB 9283-1
page: 61-62
Connaught Mound
GeoB 9295-1
page: 63
Legend for stratigraphic columns
Lithology
terrigenous
§
clay
E8
muddy clay
.-.
~
.-.
.-.
.-.
~
._a
a _.
sandy clay
Structures
black banding
S
SS
S SS
bioturbated
bioturbated
«30-60% of sediment)
bioturbated
(>60% of sediment)
dropstone
Fig. 9.1:
«30% of sedimet1t)
clayey mud
mud
D- . --D
jIJ
•
.,
•
_
•
_
w
clayey sand
muddy sand
sand
sandy mud
Fossils
Col or
6
i?:f
Munse/J value
D,
'
~
4
shells
shell fragments
8
6
3
disturbed sediment
surface
7
coral fragments
Legend of core description
53
2.5
Cruise Report
GeoB 9212
Fahrtbericht
Date: 06.06.04 Pos: 51°27.13'N 11°44.99'W
Water Depth: 849 m Core Length: 193 cm
Lithology
Reflectance
rn , - - - - - - - - - - ,
o
greyish brown
10
20
30
40
50
5-92 cm: muddy sand!silt containing abund<lnt
fmgments of Lophelia. Madrepora. benthic
foraminifers, molluscs and echinoid spines
Q5
O~
olive grey
92-193 cm: silly mud contJining fewer bia·
r,laS1S tl1an overlying s(;ction; ciasts present
:lre dominated by Madrepora
1.5
1.5
D
smear slide
(HlJe?L$)jdes
20 cm: reasonably well sorted slit/fine sand
containing pianctic foraminiiers, quartz grains
and trace lithic fragments
130 cm: abundant quartz and lithic particles
ww-, some planctic and benthic foraminiFers
in a finfl matrix
Fig. 9.2:
Description and color measurements for gravity core GeoB 9212 (Galway Mound,
top).
54
Cruise Report
GeoB 9213
Fahrtbericht
Date: 06.06.04 Pas: 51 °27.09'N 11°45.16'W
Lithology
Reflectance
m
o
o dark greybrown
grey-brown
U
dark olive
brown
10
20
30
40
50
0-2 cm: exposed Lophelia and Madrepors
fragments with reddish stain
2-4 cm: silty sand with corels frol11 surface
4-70 cm: silty mud with LophelialMadrepora
bioclasts; gradual decrease in grain size 811(1
gradual darkening
70-214 cm: slightly silty mud with few
Lophelia clas!s and mollusc: fragments.
less bloclaslic components than at the top
2
U
very dark grey 214-335 cm: slightly sillyifiM sandy clay.
abundant Lophelia dasts
234cm: some b:olurbation gives sediment a
mottled appenmnce with dark grey-brown
mud
Ll
3
316,334 cm: moWing of very dark grey clays
with dark greyish brown mud: hloturhaHon
"1 very dark
greyiiSh-brown
grey
4
5
335-316 cm: mud, less Silly than overlying
section, containing abufl(Jant Lophelia and
Madrepora dasts with some mollusc fragmenb
376-426 cm: sliqhtly silly day/mud with abund,1t1t biociasts of LophOlifl, MnlJmpora 8ehinoid
spines. sheJl fragments
o dark
grey-brown
very dark
El orey-brown
426-430 cm: silly mud. abundant Lophelia clasts
o Hrey
475-515 cm: slightly silly mud containing predominantly l.opnalia clasts, few biociasls of
Madrepora. echinoids, molluscs
430-475 crn: slightly silly mud, abundant biociasts of lophelia, echinoids, molluscs, worm
tubas (1)
sme':!r slides
2 cm: predominantly quartz grains with trace
lithic fragments, planctic fomminifers, mollusc
fragments, dark mineral grains
36 cm; predominantly brown clay with quartz
grains, planctic fnrarninifers, few shell fragments
8i crn: clay/mud with trace quartz grains,
plancHc foramlnifers
211 crn: clay with trace quartz grains, planctic
forarninifers
276 ern: clay matrix with pianctic foraminifers,
trace benthic forarninifers, quartz, lithic fragments
Fig. 9.3:
339 cm: dark mud wiH1 trace quartz, planclic
foraminifers. siJVfine sand-sized lithic Fraqments
396 cm: light grey mud with planclic foraminifers, Itaee quartz, lithic grains, some benthic
[oraminifers, shell fragments
red-green
blue-yellow
!f~,ht('[,:ss
428 cm: poorly sorted predominantly silt-sized
grains of planctic foraminifers, quartz, lithic
grains, trace benU'lic foraminifers
456 cm: as at 428 cm, though finer grained
496 cm: mud with planclic foraminifers, trace
quartz, lithic grains, some shell fragments
top).
55
Cruise Report
Fahrtbericht
GeoS 9214
Date: 06.06.04 Pas: 51"27.06'N 11"45.28'W
Reflectance
m
o
0+--.......;;--,.--
light olive 9r0Y
light olive grey
[J
0·5 cm: dead Lophelia rubble
5·9 cm: silly mud supporting dead lophelia
rubble as above
9·1·16 cm: muddy siltillt'1e sand composed of
quartz, planetie fomminifers, containing abundant bioclasls dominated by lophetia with
some Madrepora, echinoid spines, molluscs
dnrK qrcyish
146-159 cm: muddy silt with fow Lopi1()lia
brown
1;',Jllt oilve 9'e,y
dasl, "nu one large ll)olklSC
dark greyish
brown '
greyish brown
3
spines, moli(lscs
193-278 cm: rllU(jely silt with few j;'lrge bioc!asts. 8tl10\!nt of bioclBStS increases gradually
fmm rare to abundant to base of unit
light brownish
u grey
30
40
50
2
278-;344 cm: silt; mud conlaining Lophelia
ciasts '.."ith some brachiopod$. mollusc ftag-
3
ments
o
20
169·193 cm: muddy silt/fine sand conta,ning
quartz, lithic grain!;, abundant bioeifls!s domi·
1l3ted by Lopheiia, som" Ivtadrepor;;l, echinoid
2
10
o
344-400 Cm: slightly muddy silt containing hioclasts of Lophelia and Madrepora with minor
molluscs, braehinpods, echinoids
4
greyish brown
light brownish
grey
L.:.."'--=-'--'_-'-"'=-' [J greenish grey
rJ smear slide
:346, 352, 358, 383 cm: bioturbation infilied with
darker sediment from over/underlying units
400-430 cm: siltyifine sand mud containing Lo. 4
phe!1a fragn1€nts 'Nith minor Madrepora, Etchi·
noid spines, mollusc fragments, some dropstooes
430·480 cm: mud containing abundant Lophelia fragments, numerOUS drops tones; amount
of biociasts decreases to base with a corres·
ponding increase in dropstones
480·489 cm: mU(J containing few smAll drop·
stOI1OS, large ciasts of LopMlif.l and molluscs;
bioturbajio!1
St:ne(1(
~~li(les
50 cm: rnudtiy matfix with silt~fin0 sanck;;i2od
quartz, few lithic frilqments ilnd plilnctic foraminifers, some small «!),5mm) shelly mated,,1
151 cm: muddy matrix with Silt/tir10 sHno·siled
quartz and lithic orilin5. planctic forarniniiers.
lew sh,)1I fragments
31:l cm: IllU(Wy matrix with silllfi'ne sand-sVed
quartz aM lithic or"in:;. planctin and bonthie
!oraminifers
3111 cm: as at 313 cm with more foraminifers
483 Cm: predominantly mud with trace planctic
foraminifers and even less quartz grains
Fig. 9.4:
r{j(.kn0cn
tht~:yCHow
I:RIJt.~l{·;ss
Description and color measurements for gravity core GeoB 9214 (Galway
Mound).
56
Cruise Report
GeoB 9222·1
Fahrtbericht
Date: 07.06.04 Pas: 51°27.48!N 11°45.39'W
Reflectance
m
20
[] dflik grey
brown
tiark brown
30
40
0-8 cm: muddy fine sand with dead coral
rubble (Lophelia dominated)
8-149 cm: muddy silt containing abundant
clasls of Lophelia anti Madrepora, molluscs.
echinoid fragments, large benthic fmllminifers
131 cm: smalipm:ket of small bioclas!s in
muddy/silly matrix; bioturbation
dark greyish
brown
2
131-367 cm: silly mud with occassional clasH,
of bivalves and large forarninifers; some black
sulphide grains visible tI1roughoLJ!
199,242,262,269,297,319,340 ern: biotUlbatlon 111ftlled by very dark grey brown
slightly sandy ,nud
2 :
3
3
baSE> of corE> is wilshed out
;;mQilL§Eg!i_~
7 cm: muddy/silty matrix contClil1ing plClI'lc!ic
foraminifers with minor quartz and lithic grains,
trace benthic foraminifers
52 cm: mud/silt with abul1d,mt plat1ctic foraminifws ilnd minor quartz ano lithics
rP.thJff?i-Hl
t}iue"yd!nw
IrUh1nl:'!l'i.S
106 cm: fine matrix with quartz, pianctic and
bentllic forarnmilars, shell Irl'lgmenls
168 cm: mud matrix with planctic forarninifer$,
(rilen quartz grains Clnd bDnthlc fommil1ifnrs
356 cm: mud matrix with trace quartz grains
and plane tic fomminifers, very fme-grain",j
blClck minwal grains
Fig. 9.5:
Description and calor measurements for gravity core GeoB 9222-1 (Galway
Mound) .
57
50
Cruise Report
GeoS 9223
Fahrtbericht
Date: 07.06.04 Pos: 51"26.90' N 11"45.10' W
Reflectance
Lithology
m
o
o
greyish brown
[)-3 cm: dead Lopilelia rubble
3-113 cm: slightly silty/fine sandy mud COlitainlng abundant clasts ollophelia with some
Madrepora
H)
20
ao
40
50
[)
<1 j cm: iJioturiJation infillod by Way;sh brown
mud with fine sand
light brownish
grey
" greYlsh brown
2
;.~
132-289 cm~ muddy sil!lfine sand composed
of quartz graIns, p!anctic forarninlfers, minor
lith:c grains: sand supports abundant c/asts of
Lophelia and Madrepora: other biociasts: echi·
noios spines, braci1lopods, mollusc fragments
dark greyish
brown
289-362 cm: muddy silt containing abundant
ciasls of predominantly Lophelia and Madrepera, with secondary occurrence of echinoid
SP"",S, mollusc shell,~, brachlopods
very dark
362-368 cm: mud wilh trace silL/fine sand;
no large coral cla,!s
greyish grey
dark grByish
brown
"
113-132 cm: sli()htly silty mud contkl;ning
abundant clasts of Lophe!ia, (;ins,!$ 3ft~
sli(Jhtll' smaller than in previous unit
2
368-4:.15 C111: muddy silt contairiino abundant
dasts of predominantly l.ophelia, Madrepor;J,
1\
with some eChinoids,molluscs, bractlfopods
435 cm; biolurbated boundary
435,465 en)' >lliqhtly silly mud c<mV,ininq
abt.mdant LopMllil claMS witl1 minor Madre·
pora and rm,Husc fragments
: ; smear slide
smear slides
12 cm (coarse): mud wilh sUt/fine sanel-$Ized
324 crn: muddy matdx with sHtJfine sand-sized
quartz, lithic grains, abundant plancllc foraquartz, tface lithic grains, planctrc torilrninifers
minifers
364 cm: muddy matrix with trace silt/fine
12 cm (fine): as above, although significantly sand-SIZed quartz and lilhic grams, planctic
less qualtz and lithic grains
fOf'Brninifers
70 cm: clay! mud matrix with minor fine quartz 432 cm: mudfclay containing silt/fine sandaod lithic grains, pranctic foraminifers and shell sized quartz fragment, and lithic grains,
fragments
planctic foraminifers and shell fragments
11 9 cm~ Clayfmud with silt·sized quartz grains, 438 cm: as above, only significantiy less
trac43 lithics and abundant planctic foraminlfers silllfine sand-sized grains, foraminifers, quartz
and lithic grains
157 cm: cJaVfmud with siltifine sand-sized
quartz and trace lithios grains, minor planctic
and !;eothic fori'lminifers
Fig. 9.6:
red"greo:n
blue-yellow
iightnr:sf.>
Description and calor measurements for gravity core GeoB 9223 (Galway Mound,
top).
58
Cruise Report
GeoB 9225
Fahrtbericht
Date: 07.06.04 Pas: 51°26.76'N 11°48.55'W
Lithology
Reflectance
m
o
o
10
20
30
40
fiO
[1 light olive brown 0-1/ cm: fine-coarse quartz sand with abun[] grey brown
dao! shell fragments and few Lopl1elra
"
17·24 cm: fine/medium sand with abundant
." ~~~;~~live
&11ell fragments and few Lophelia
o ochre
24·45 cm: fine sand. granule sized quartz
n
~Jfains, lithic particles, shell and coral frau·
"
menls, black grains distributed throughout
34 cm: dropstones
4f)·[}t) cm: flnH sHnd (samH Gompositiofl than
unit 24·45 cm)
darkwey
55-271 cm: mud slightly siay, abundant bleck
organic streaking, some sulfide (7) grains
79 cm: diltk grey mUd. r,lighlly silly with nbllndart! organic streaku
135, 115 cm: concentration of black sulfide (?)
grains, some biotutbation evident
182,206,224,251,264.282,285 cm: biolurbaUon infilled with slightly darker mud
2
3
o smear slide
smear.§lj~.§
10 cm: medium sand-sized quartz and lithic
fragments with some planctic and benthic
foraminifers
23 cm: fine/medium sand-sized quartz and
lithiC fragments, some planclic and benthic
foraminifers
48 cm: medium sand-sized quartz, planctie
and benthic foraminifers, trace lithic grains
rOd-greon
h!uo-yoHow
lightness
65 cm: mud with trace quartz and lithic grains
250 cm: clay/mud matrix wit!. trace silt-sized
quartz grains and lithic fragments, blilck
mineral grains
Fig. 9.7:
off-mound).
59
Cruise Report
GeoB 9226-1
Fahrtbericht
Date: 07.06.04 Pos: 51°27.75'N 11°43.03'W
Lithology
Reflectance
m
30
grey-brown
0-14 cm: silty mud with some black sulphide (?)
grains; bioturbation infilled by ochre-coloured
mud
14-105 cm: mud with trace slltlfine sand, black
sulfide grains, occasional shell fragments
dark grey
105- 114 cm: upward fining fine/medium sand
containing quartz grains, planclic and benthic
loral11lnifcrs; tow ctropstones
114-120 cm: slightly silly mud
dark
grey-brown
'" dilrker
" darker
, grBy-browl1
40
120-251 cm: slifJhtly silty mud with subparalleli
parallel black bancling (7 mm thick)
187 cm: nodular sulfides (3mm)
$me~f. ~.ljd..$S
10 cm: quartz and lithic grains with few
planctic foral11inifers in a mud/clay matrix
re(j~qftH:Hl
u!ue:yeHow
!lgtltf~ess
40 cm: silt/fine sand-sized quartz and lithic
fragments in a clay matrix, trace planctic
foraminifers
109 cm: abundant quartz and lithic particles,
planctic and benthic foraminifers, shell
fragments
111 cm: trace foraminifers and shell fragments
in clay
1HI cm: quartz and lithic grains, planctic foraminifers in clay
141 cm: trace quartz and lithic grains in mUdlclay
214 cm: {dark band) mud with trace planctic
foral11inifers, quartz, abundant black gmins
231 cm: mud with tracB planctic loraminifers
and quartz, trace black grains
Fig. 9.8:
Description and calor measurements for gravity core GeoB 9226-1 (Galway
Mound, off-mound).
60
50
Cruise Report
GeoB 9282
Date: 13.06.04 Pas: 56°30.20'N 1r18.31'W
Lithology
Reflectance
m
o
0+..-.......,..----
Fahrtbericht
grey
0·40 cm: mud with some silt supporting
abundant clasts of lophelia and Madrepora
olive
40·59 cm: mud with eccasional fragments of
Lophelia
grey
59·133 cm: mud containin(l sorne silt and
abundant clasts of lophelia
10
20
30
40
o~
35 cm: mottling with pale olive mud
0.5
68·70 cm: moUlinq with pale olive mud
88·95 cm: bioturbalion in filled with pale olive
mud
111 cm: pal" olive mud containing abundant
grains of Lopilelia . Madrepora. molluscs,
ectlinoids
1.5
u smear slide
olive
133·150 cm: mud containin(l clasts of Lophelia
and Madrepora, some bioturbatiof'l infllled by
grey mud from overlying section
light grey
150-169 cm: mud with clasls dominated by
Lophelia
~ffi~2L$Ij':l.es
W cm: mod with !race planctic for,ifninifers,
quartz grams and black mineral grains
fed-green
blw>yc-lfm'l
Hghtf'lt1S-S
55 cm: higher occurrence of pianclic foraminifers than at 10 cm, with trace quartz and black
mineral grain$ in a mud matrix
113 cm: clay with trace planctic foraminifers,
qosr1z
163 crn: clay wilh rnore planctic foraminifers
than at 113 cm, quartz grain trace
Fig. 9.9:
Description and color measurements for gravity core GeoB 9282 (Franken
Mound, top).
61
50
Cruise Report
GeoB 9283
Fahrtbericht
Date: 13.06.04 Pos: 56°29.98'N 17°18.65'W
Lithology
Reflectance
m
o
o
Cl ligll! olive grey 0-12 cm: rnediurn sand with planclic forarninifers ()
white
IIgl1! yellowish
brown
10YR
s
CM
U vnry pain
S
113
iOYR
8i2
s
2
?
20
30
no data were available:
due to it problem with
the software, of the:
color-scanner
88-123 Gm: clay with large sill Gonj(mt (forams)
very pale brown 123-158 ern: clay ".\ top, qfadually baGol1linq
coarser to the base with increase in silt/fine
sand-si lad particles; 130-132 em: partialli!hi.
yellowish brown ficalion ot sediment
..
,
, whit"
158-168 cm: clay contammg few 'np-upclaSIS'
cl white
of underlYing unit at top
·16B·176 cm: unlitl1ified clay
o
?
?
very pale
brown
o
white
white
2
description of core segmenl3 (193-293 cm)
i5 missing
293-300 cm: silty clay
300-314 cm: smy clay
314-337 cm: semi-lithified silty clay
3
()
white
pale yellow
white
SSS
u very paie
brown
light grey
4
[]
s
359-378 cm: clay with trace foraminifers
378-396 cm: slightly silty clay
4
cm: siltyifine sandy clay
white
424~t77
light grey
477 -482 cm: siltylfine sandy clay
4fl2-489 cm: siltylfine sandy clay
o
o
1;;0=$=-n-',=e,,=r'-5-I-id-8--'-'''''''''''''''
337-348 cm: unlithilied silly clay
348-359 cm: very highly bioturbated clay, some silt
396-424 cm: slightly silty clay with few blaCK.
silt-sized grains throughout
bi~0Ra'e
smears/ides
4 cm: abund(lnt planclic fOFilminifers with
sulphide grains
43 cm: abundant planctic foraminifers, sulphide
grains, benthic forarninifers, shell fragrnents
308 cm: abundant planctic foraminifers, white
clay
:383 cm: predominantly white clay, few planctic
92 cm: pianctic foraminifers with sulphide grains
138 cm: abundant planctic foraminifers,
sulphide grains
408 cm: predominantly clay with trace planctic
foraminifers and sulphide grains
443 cm: predominantly clay with trace plAnctie
foraminifers
4B3 cm: ahundant pl,mclic fmarninifers,trace
sulphicle grains
178 cm: pre(iominantly clay matrix with tface
piancttc foraminifers
foraminifers, trace sulphide grains
Fig. 9.10: Description of gravity core GeoB 9283 (Franken Mound, off-mound).
62
40
L
.. l
?
60-88 cm: clay with foraminifers, 111 situ
br;,thiopod, silt-sized black gmins
176-193 cm: partially IitMied slightly sandy
mud
?
j
brown
10YR
l
12-60 cm: sandyJsiI!y mud with black silt·sized
grains uniformly distributed throughout
10
50
Cruise Report
GeoB 9295
Fahrtbericht
Date: 16.06.04 Pos: 53°30.90'N 14°21.1 O'W
Reflectance
Lithology
m
o
Cl grey
0-6 cm: muddy silt with few echinoid frag-
o
6-84 cm: "ilty mud containing few Lophelia
clasts; frequency of corals increases to base
o
nl,mts and Lophelia
light olive grey
20
40
L.
50
no dei!a were available
due to a prolJlem with
the softwme of the
calor-scanner
84·185 cm: siltyifine sandy clay with abundant
bioclasls domin(ltad by Lophelia, oth8!' biocl"sts:
gastropods, ("chlnoid spines: "mouni of ciasis Increases to base of unit
185·213 cm: mud GOIHaining abundant small
ciasts of corals, molluscs, 8chinoicl spinos;
drops!ones (3 mm) at base of unit
;.) da(.; 9"w'lJrown 21 :\,224 cm: sllghlly silly day, fow small bio,
D light gre.emsl1 grey clasls dornirwtcd by Lopholia, echinoid spines
Cl lighl grey
224-234 cm: silty mud, l8W large Lopheli8 clastG
D
2
30
.......L .........."L.
?
Cl
grey
10
olive grey
2
:;1
234-270 cm: slightly silly mud at top;
n light olive grey· .. · . gradually becoming ligll! olive grey mud
light grey,.... 270,280 cm: slightly silly mud with abundant
light grey,
light gmy
Lopbelia clasls
3
" ... 280-233 ern: muddy silt/fine sand, Lophelia
and eChinoid bloclasts; bioturbated at top
fight grey
.. 288-296 cm: silty mud, abundaht lophelia eiasts
light olive,
296·302 erR slightly silty mUd, few bioclasts
o grey
of Lophelia and molluscs
302-330 cm: silly mud, abundant Lophelia and
grey
minor Madrepora ciasis, molluscs
330,360 cm~ fine !'Hlndy mud, abundant
Lophelia, Madrepora, molluscs fragments
360-409 cm: slightly silly rnud, small Madrepora 4
Cl
c!asts: arnount of elas!s increases to base of unit
light brownish
light grey
4
grey
grey brown
light brownish
grey
[1
smear sliCie
smear
409-435 cm: mud containing clasts of Lopheiia,
some molluscs and echinoids
435-453 cm: mud containing predominantly
small fragments of Lophelia, echinoid spines
453-475 cm: slightly silty mUd, abundant
Lophelia dasls
s!i(te~
4 cm: abundant p!anclic and few benthic foramini/ers, trace quartz and lithic grains
:;0 cm: planctic foraminifers and trace quartz
grains dominated by finer-grained matrix
78 cm: mud with planc!ic foraminifers, shell
and echinoid fragments, trace quartz and
black mineral grarns
125 cm: mud matrix with trace planctic foraminifers, quartz and black mineral grains
19~i cm: mud with plancHc foraminifers anti
silt/fine sand-sized quartz and lithic particles
220 cm: mud dominated with pianctlc forarninifers, tmc.) quartz and lithic fragmants
2:10 cm, mlld with abundant planC!ic foramini,
fers, tface quartz, lithic, black mineral grains
240 cm: mud with abundanl planctic fommlnifers, trace quartz and lithic fragments
260 cm: as at 240 cm
270 cm: mud with abundant planetic foraminifers, truce quartz, lithic, black mineral grains,
shell fragments
345 cm: mUd with quartz grains, plan(:tic foraminifers, black mineral grains, shell fragrnents
:185 cm: mud with tmee planclic foraminifers,
black rnineral grains
410 cm: mud with abundant planctic foraminl,
fers with sill-sized quartz <lod lithic grains
Fig. 9.11: Description of gravity core GeoB 9295 (Northern Porcupine Bank, off-mound).
63
Cruise Report
10
Fahrtbericht
Acknowledgement
We gratefully acknowledge the friendly and professional cooperation and efficient technical
assistance of Captain N. Jakobi, his officers and crew, who substantially contributed to the
overall scientific success of this cruise. Beside all other scientific devices used, the
cooperative deployment of the QUEST ROV worked extremely well and successful, which is
to a major extent due to the quality of support provided by the ship's nautical and technical
departments. We also appreciate the most valuable help of the Leitstelle METEOR in
Hamburg in planning and realization of the cruise. Special thanks are due to the Geological
Survey of Ireland for providing valuable data and maps. The work was funded by the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Parts of the work by A. Grehan was funded by NUl,
Galway's HEA Cycle III Marine Science Research program.
64
Publications of this series:
No. 1
No.2
No. 3
No. 4
No.S
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. 10
No. 11
No. 12
No. 13
No. 14
No. IS
No. 16
No. 17
No. 18
No. 19
Wefer, G., E. Suess and cruise participants
Beticht liber die POLARSTERN-Falut ANT IV/2, Rio de Janeiro - Punta Arenas, 6.1l. - 1.12.1985.
60 pages, Bremen, 1986.
Hoffmann, G.
Holozanstratigraphie und Klistenlinienverlagemng an del' andalusischen Mittelmeerkiiste.
173 pages, Bremen, 1988. (out of print)
Wefer, G. and cruise participants
Bericht liber die METEOR-Fahrt M 6/6, Libreville - Las Palmas, 18.2. - 23.3.1988.
Wefer, G., G.F. Lutze, T.J. MiilIer, O. Pfannkuche, W. Schenke, G. Siedler, W. Zenk
Kurzbeticht liber die METEOR-Expedition No. 6, Hamburg - Hamburg, 28.10.1987 - 19.5.1988.
Fischer, G.
Stabile Kohlenstoff-Isotope in paltikularer organischer Substanz aus dem Slidpolarmeer
(Atlantischer Sektor). 161 pages, Bremen, 1989.
Berger, W.H. and G. Wefer
PartikelfluB und Kohlenstoffkreislauf im Ozean.
Bericht und Kurzfassungen libel' den Workshop vom 3.-4. Juli 1989 in Bremen.
Bericht liber die METEOR - Falut M 9/4, Dakar - Santa Cruz, 19.2. - 16.3.1989.
Kolling, M.
Modelliemng geochemischer Prozesse im Sickelwasser und Gmndwasser.
l3 5 pages, Bremen, 1990.
Heinze, P.-M.
Das Auftriebsgeschehen vor Pem im Spatqualiiir. 204 pages, Bremen, 1990. (out of print)
Willems, H., G. Wefer, M. Rinski, B. Donner, H.-J. Bellmann, L. Ei6mann, A. MiilIer,
B.W. Flemming, H.-C. Hofie, J. Merkt, H. Streif, G. Hertweck, H. Kuntze, J. Schwaar,
W. Schiifer, M.-G. Schulz, F. Grube, B. Menke
Beitdige zur Geologie und Palaontologie Norddeutschlands: Exkursionsfiihrer.
Bericht iiber die METEOR-Fahrt M 1211, Kapstadt - Funchal, 13.3.1990 - 14.4.1990.
Dahmke, A., H.D. Schulz, A. Kolling, F. Kracht, A. Llicke
Schwelmetallspuren und geochemische Gleichgewichte zwischen Porenlosung und Sediment
im Weselmlindungsgebiet. BMFT-Projekt MFU 0562, Abschlu13bericht. 121 pages, Bremen, 1991.
Rostek, F.
Physikalische Stmkturen von Tiefseesedimenten des SlidatIantiks und ihre Erfassung in
Echolotregistriemngen. 209 pages, Bremen, 1991.
Baumann,M.
Die Ablagemng von Tschemobyl-Radiocasium in der Norwegischen See und in del' Nordsee.
l33 pages, Bremen, 1991. (out of print)
Kolling, A.
Fl'iilidiagenetische Prozesse und Stoff-Fliisse in marinen und astuarinen Sedimenten.
140 pages, Bl'emen, 1991.
SFB 261 (ed.)
1. Kolloquium des Sondel'forschungsbereichs 261 der Universitiit Bremen (14.Juni 1991):
Del' Slidatlantik im Spatqual'tiir: Rekonstl'uktion von Stoffhaushalt und Stromsystemen.
Kurzfassungen der V Olirage und Poster. 66 pages, Bremen, 1991.
Piitzold, J. and cruise participants
Bericht und erste Ergebnisse liber die METEOR-Falut M 15/2, Rio de Janeiro - Vitoria,
18.1. - 7.2.1991. 46 pages, Bremen, 1993.
We fer, G. and cruise participants
Bel'icht und erste El'gebnisse libel' die METEOR-Fahrt M 16/1, Pointe Noire - Recife,
27.3. - 25.4.1991. 120 pages, Bl'emen, 1991.
Schulz, H.D. and cruise participants
Bericht und erste El'gebnisse libel' die METEOR-Falut M 16/2, Recife - Belem, 28.4. - 20.5.1991.
No. 20
No. 21
No. 22
No. 23
No. 24
No. 25
No. 26
No. 27
No. 28
No. 29
No. 30
No. 31
No. 32
No. 33
No. 34
No. 35
No. 36
No. 37
No. 38
No. 39
No. 40
Berner,H.
Mechanismen der Sedimentbildung in der Fram-StraBe, im Arktischen Ozean und in der
Norwegischen See. 167 pages, Bremen, 1991.
Schneider, R.
Spatquartiire Produktivitatsanderungen im ostlichen Angola-Becken: Reaktion aufVariationen
im Passat-Monsun-Windsystem und in del' Advektion des Benguela-Kiistenstroms.
Hebbeln, D.
Spatqual'tare Stratigraphie und Palaozeanogl'aphie in del' Fram-StraBe. 174 pages, Bremen, 1991.
Liicke, A.
Umsetzungsprozesse organischer Substanz wahrend del' Friihdiagenese in astuarinen Sedimenten.
13 7 pages, Bremen, 1991.
Bericht und el'ste El'gebnisse der METEOR-Fahrt M 2011, Bremen - Abidjan, 18.11.- 22.12.1991.
Bericht und erste Ergebnisse der METEOR-Fahrt M 20/2, Abidjan - Dakar, 27.12.1991 - 3.2.1992.
Gingele, F.
Zur klimaabhiingigen Bildung biogenel' und terrigenel' Sedimente und ihrer Veranderung dul'ch die
Friihdiagenese im zentralen und ostlichen Siidatlantik. 202 pages, Bl'emen, 1992.
Bickert, T.
Rekonstruktion der spatquartaren Bodenwasserzirkulation im ostlichen Siidatlantik iiber stabile
Isotope benthischer Foraminiferen. 205 pages, Bl'emen, 1992. (out of print)
Schmidt,H.
Der Benguela-Strom im Bereich des Walfisch-Riickens im Spatqual'tar. 172 pages, Bl'emen, 1992.
Meinecke, G.
Spatquartare Oberfiachenwasseliempel'aturen inl ostlichen aquatorialen Atlantik.
Bathmann, U., U. Bleil, A. Dahmke, P. Miiller, A. Nehrkorn, E.-M. Nothig, M. Olesch,
J. Piitzold, H.D. Schulz, V. Smetacek, V. Spie6, G. Wefer, H. Willems
Bericht des Graduierten Kollegs. Stoff-Fliisse in marinen Geosystemen.
Berichtszeitraum Oktober 1990 - Dezember 1992.396 pages, Bremen, 1992.
Damm,E.
Friihdiagenetische Vertei1ung von Schwermetallen in Schlicksedimenten der westlichen Ostsee.
Antia,E.E.
Sedimentology, Morphodynamics and Facies Association of a mesotida1 Barrier Island
Shoreface (Spiekeroog, Southern North Sea). 370 pages, Bremen, 1993.
Duinker, J. and G. Wefer (ed.)
Bericht iiber den 1. JGOFS-Workshop. 1.12. Dezember 1992 in Bremen. 83 pages, Bremen, 1993.
Kasten, S.
Die Velieilung von Schwermetallen in den Sedimenten eines stadtbremischen Hafenbeckens.
Spie6, V.
Digitale Sedimentographie. Neue Wege zu einer hochauf1osenden Akustostratigraphie.
Schinzel, U.
Laborversuche zu fiiihdiagenetischen Reaktionen von Eisen (III) - Oxidhydraten in
mm'inen Sedimenten.189 pages, Bremen, 1993.
Sieger, R.
CoTAM - ein Modell zur Modellierung des Schwermetalltransports in Grundwasserleitem.
Willems, H. (ed.)
Geoscientific Investigations in the Tethyan Himalayas. 183 pages, Bremen, 1993.
Hamer,K.
Entwicklung von Laborversuchen als Grundlage fUr die Modellierung des Transportverhaltens
von Arsenat, Blei, Cadmium und Kupfer in wassergesattigten Saulen. 147 pages, Bremen, 1993.
Sieger, R.
Modellierung des Stofftransports in porosen Medien unter Ankopplung kinetisch gesteuerter
Sorptions- und Redoxprozesse sowie therrnischer Gleichgewichte. 158 pages, Bremen, 1993.
No. 41
No. 42
No. 43
No. 44
No. 45
No. 46
No. 47
No. 48
No. 49
No. 50
No. 51
No. 52
No. 53
No. 54
No. 55
No. 56
No. 57
No. 58
No. 59
No. 60
Thiefien, W.
Magnetische Eigenschaften von Sedimenten des ostlichen Siidatlantiks und ihre
paUiozeanographische Relevanz. 170 pages, Bremen, 1993.
Spiefi, V. and cruise participants
Repott and preliminaty results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 2311, Kapstadt - Rio de Janeiro, 4.-25.2.1993.
Bleil, V. and cruise participants
Repott and preliminaty results of METEOR-Cmise M 23/2, Rio de Janeiro - Recife, 27.2.-19.3.1993
RepOlt and preliminaty results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 23/3, Recife - Las Pahnas, 21.3. - 12.4.1993
Giese, M. and G. Wefer (ed.)
Bericht iiber den 2. JGOFS-Workshop. 18 ..119. November 1993 in Bremen.
Baizer, W. and cruise participants
RepOlt and preliminaty results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 2211, Hamburg - Recife, 22.9. - 21.10.1992.
Stax, R.
Zyklische Sedimentation von organischem Kohlenstoff in del' Japan See: Anzeiger fur
Andemngen von PaHioozeanographie und Paliioklima im Spiitkiinozoikum.
Skowronek, F.
Friihdiagenetische Stoff-Fliisse geloster Schwennetalle an del' Oberfliiche von Sedimenten
des Weser A.stuares. 107 pages, Bremen, 1994.
Dersch-Hansmann, M.
Zur Klimaentwicklung in Ostasien wiihrend del' letzten 5 Millionen Jahre:
Te11"igener Sedimenteintrag in die Japan See (ODP Ausfahtt 128). 149 pages, Bremen, 1994.
Zabel,M.
Friihdiagenetische Stoff-Fliisse in Oberfliichen-Sedinlenten des iiquatorialen und
ostlichen Siidatlantik. 129 pages, Bremen, 1994.
Report and preliminary results of SONNE-Cmise SO 86, Buenos Aires - Capetown, 22.4. - 31.5.93
Symposium: The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation.
Bremen, Gennany, 15 - 19 August 1994. Abstracts. 167 pages, Bremen, 1994.
Kretzmann, V.B.
57Fe-Mossbauer-Spektroskopie an Sedimenten - Moglichkeiten und Grenzen.
Bachmann, M.
Die Karbonatrampe von Organya im oberen Oberapt und unteren Unteralb (NE-Spanien,
Prov. Lerida): Fazies, Zyklo- und Sequenzstratigraphie. 147 pages, Bremen, 1994. (out of print)
Kemle-von Miicke, S.
Oberfliichenwasserstmktur und -zirkulation des Siidostatlantiks im Spiitquartiir.
Petermann, H.
Magnetotaktische Bakterien und w'e Magnetosome in Oberfliichensedimenten des Siidatlantiks.
Mulitza, S.
Spiitquartiire Variationen del' oberfliichennahen Hydrographie im westlichen iiquatorialen Atlantik.
Segl, M. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 2911, Buenos-Aires - Montevideo,
17.6. - 13.7.1994
Repott and preliminary results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 29/2, Montevideo - Rio de Janiero
15.7. - 8.8.1994.153 pages, Bremen, 1994.
Henrich, R. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 29/3, Rio de Janeiro - Las Pahnas
11.8. - 5.9.1994. Bremen, 1994. (out of print)
No. 61
No. 62
No. 63
No. 64
No. 65
No. 66
No. 67
No. 68
No. 69
No. 70
No. 71
No. 72
No. 73
No. 74
No. 75
No. 76
No. 77
No. 78
No. 79
Sagemann, J.
Saisonale Variationen von Porenwasserprofilen, Nahrstoff-Fllissen und Reaktionen
in intertidalen Sedimenten des Weser-Astuars. 110 pages, Bremen, 1994. (out of print)
Giese, M. and G. Wefer
Bericht liber den 3. JGOFS-Workshop. 5.16. Dezember 1994 in Bremen.
Mann, U.
Genese kretazischer Schwarzschiefer in Kolumbien: Globale vs. regionale/lokale Prozesse.
Willems, H., Wan X., Yin J., Dongdui L., Liu G., S. Diirr, K.-U. Grafe
The Mesozoic development of the N-Indian passive margin and of the Xigaze Forearc Basin in
southern Tibet, China. - Excursion Guide to IGCP 362 Working-Group Meeting
"Integrated Stratigraphy". 113 pages, Bremen, 1995. (out of print)
Hiinken, U.
Liefergebiets - Charakterisierung proterozoischer Goldseifen in Ghana anhand von
Fluideinschlu13 - Untersuchungen. 270 pages, Bremen, 1995.
Nyandwi, N.
The Nature of the Sediment Distribution Patterns in ther Spiekeroog Backbanier Area,
the East Frisian Islands. 162 pages, Bremen, 1995.
Isenbeck-Schroter, M.
Transportverhalten von Schwennetallkationen und Oxoanionen in wassergesattigten Sanden.
- Laborversuche in Saulen und ilu-e Modellierung -. 182 pages, Bremen, 1995.
Hebbeln, D. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of SONNE-Cruise SO 102, Valparaiso - Valparaiso, 95.
Willems, H. (Sprecher), U.Bathmann, U. Bleil, T. v. Dobeneck, K. Herterich, B.B. Jorgensen,
E.-M. Nothig, M. Olesch, J. Patzold, H.D. Schulz, V. Smetacek, V. SpeW. G. Wefer
Bericht des Graduierten-Kollegs Stoff-Fllisse in marine Geosystemen.
Berichtszeitraum Januar 1993 - Dezember 1995.
45 & 468 pages, Bremen, 1995.
Bericht liber den 4. JGOFS-Workshop. 20.121. November 1995 in Bremen. 60 pages, Bremen, 1996.
(out of print)
Meggers, H.
Pliozan-quartare Karbonatsedimentation und Palaozeanographie des Nordatlantiks und
des Europaischen Nordmeeres - Hinweise aus planktischen Foraminiferengemeinschaften.
Teske,A.
Phylogenetische und okologische Untersuchungen an Bakterien des oxidativen und reduktiven
marinen Schwefelkreislaufs mittels ribosomaler RNA. 220 pages, Bremen, 1996. (out of print)
Andersen, N.
Biogeochemische Charakterisierung von Sinkstoffen und Sedimenten aus ostatlantischen
Produktions-Systemen mit Hilfe von Biomarkern. 215 pages, Bremen, 1996.
Treppke, U.
Saisonalitat im Diatomeen- und Silikoflagellatenflu13 im ostlichen tropischen und subtropischen
Atlantik. 200 pages, Bremen, 1996.
Schiiring, J.
Die Verwendung von Steinkohlebergematerialien im Deponiebau im Hinblick auf die
Pyritverwitterung und die Eignung als geochemische Barriere. 110 pages, Bremen, 1996.
Patzold, J. and cruise participants
Report and preliminaty results of VICTOR HENSEN cruise JOPS II, Leg 6,
Fotialeza - Recife, 10.3. - 26.3.1995 and Leg 8, Vitoria - Vitoria, 10.4. - 23.4.1995.
Bleil, U. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of METEOR-Cruise M 3411, Cape Town - Walvis Bay, 3.-26.1.1996.
Report and preliminary results of METEOR-Cruise M 34/2, Walvis Bay - Walvis Bay, 29.1.-18.2.96
Report and preliminaty results of METEOR-Cruise M 34/3, Walvis Bay - Recife, 21.2.-17.3.1996.
No. 80
No. 81
No. 82
No. 83
No. 84
No. 85
No. 86
No. 87
No. 88
No. 89
No. 90
No. 91
No. 92
No. 93
No. 94
No. 95
No. 96
No. 97
No. 98
No. 99
Fischer, G. and cruise participants
Report and preliminaty results of METEOR-Cruise M 34/4, Recife - Bridgetown, 19.3.-15.4.1996.
Kulbrok, F.
Biostratigraphie, Fazies und Sequenzstratigraphie einer Karbonatrampe in den Schichten der
Oberkl'eide und des Alttertiars Nordost-Agyptens (Eastem Deselt, N'Golfvon Suez, Sinai).
Kasten, S.
Early Diagenetic Metal Enrichments in Marine Sediments as Documents of Non steady-State
Depositional Conditions. Bremen, 1996.
Holmes, M.E.
Reconstruction of Surface Ocean Nitrate Utilization in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean Based
on Stable Nitrogen Isotopes. 113 pages, Bremen, 1996.
Riihlemann, C.
Akkumulation von Carbonat und organischem Kohlenstoff im tropischen Atlantik:
Spatquartare Produktivitats-Variationen und ihre Steuerungsmechanismen.
l39 pages, Bremen, 1996.
Ratmeyer, V.
Untersuchungen zum Eintrag und Transport lithogener und organischer partikularer Substanz
im ostlichen subtropischen Nordatlantik. 154 pages, Bremen, 1996.
Cepek,M.
Zeitliche und diumliche Variationen von Coccolithophoriden-Gemeinschaften im subtropischen
Ost-Atlantik: Untersuchungen an Plankton, Sinkstoffen und Sedinlenten.
Otto, S.
Die Bedeutung von gelostem organischen Kohlenstoff (DOC) fur den Kohlenstoffflu13 im Ozean.
Hensen, C.
Fruhdiagenetische Prozesse und QuantifIzierung benthischer Stoff-Flusse in Oberflachensedinlenten
des Sudatlantiks.
Bericht iiber den 5. JGOFS-Workshop. 27.128. November 1996 in Bremen. 73 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Report and prelinUnary results of METEOR-Cruise M 3711, Lisbon - Las Palmas, 4.-23.12.1996.
Isenbeck-Schroter, M., E. Bedbur, M. Kofod, B. Konig, T. Schramm & G. Matthe6
Occurrence of Pesticide Residues in Water - Assessment of the Current Situation in Selected
EU Countries. 65 pages, Bremen 1997.
Kiihn,M.
Geochemische Folgereaktionen bei der hydrogeotherrnalen Energiegewinnung.
129 pages, Bremen 1997.
Determann, S. & K. Herterich
JGOFS-A6 "Daten und Modelle": Sammlung JGOFS-relevanter Modelle in Deutschland.
Report and preliminary results of METEOR-Cruise M 38/1, Las Palmas - Recife, 25.1.-1.3.1997,
with Appendix: Core Descriptions from METEOR Cruise M 37/1. Bremen, 1997.
Report and preliminaty results of METEOR-Cruise M 38/2, Recife - Las Palmas, 4.3.-14.4.1997.
Neuer, S. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of VICTOR HENSEN-Cruise 9611. Bremen, 1997.
Villinger, H. and cruise participants
Fahrtbericht SO 111,20.8. - 16.9.1996. 115 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Liining, S.
Late Cretaceous - Early Tertiary sequence stratigraphy, paleoecology and geodynamics
of Eastem Sinai, Egypt. 218 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Haese, R.R.
Beschreibung und QuantifIzierung friihdiagenetischer Reaktionen des Eisens in Sedimenten
des Sudatlantiks. 118 pages, Bremen, 1997.
No. 100
No. 101
No. 102
No. 103
No. 104
No.lOS
No. 106
No. 107
No. 108
No. 109
No. 110
No. 111
No. 112
No. 113
No. 114
No.11S
No. 116
No. 117
No. 118
No. 119
Liihrte, R. von
VelWertung von Bremer Baggergut als Material zur Oberfliichenabdichtung von Deponien Geochemisches Langzeitverhalten und Schwennetall-Mobilitiit (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). Bremen, 1997.
Ebert,M.
Der Einflu13 des Redoxmilieus auf die Mobilitiit von Chrom im durchstromten Aquifer.
Krogel, F.
EinfluJ3 von Viskositiit und Dichte des Seewassers aufTransport und Ablagemng von
Wattsedimenten (Langeooger Riickseitenwatt, siidliche N ordsee).
Kerntopf, B.
Dinoflagellate Distribution Patterns and Preservation in the Equatorial Atlantic and
Offshore North-West Africa. 137 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Breitzke, M.
Elastische Wellenausbreitung in marinen Sedimenten - Neue Entwicklungen der Ultraschall
Sedimentphysik und Sedinlentechographie. 298 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Marchant, M.
Rezente und spiitquartiire Sedimentation planktischer Foraminiferen im Pem-Chile Strom.
Habicht, K.S.
Sulfur isotope fractionation in marine sediments and bacterial cultures.
Hamer, K., R.v. Liihrte, G. Becker, T. Felis, S. Keffel, B. Strotmann, C. Waschkowitz,
M. Kolling, M. Isenbeck-Schroter, H.D. Schulz
Endbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben 060 des Landes Bremen: Baggergut del' Hafengmppe
Bremen-Stadt: Modelluntersuchungen zur Schwelmetallmobilitiit und Moglichkeiten der
VelWertung von Hafenschlick aus Bremischen Hiifen. 98 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Greeff,O.W.
Entwicklung und Erprobung eines benthischen Landersystemes zur in situ-Bestinlmung von
Su1fatreduktionsraten mariner Sedimente. 121 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Patzold, M. und G. Wefer
Bericht iiber den 6. JGOFS-Workshop am 4./5.12.1997 in Bremen. Im Anhang:
Publikationen zum deutschen Beitrag zur Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), Stand 111998.
Landenberger, H.
CoTReM, ein Multi-Komponenten Transport- und Reaktions-Modell. 142 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Villinger, H. und Fahrtteilnehmer
Fahrtbericht SO 124,4.10. - 16.10.199. 90 pages, Bremen, 1997.
Gietl, R.
Biostratigraphie und Sedimentationsmuster einer nordostiigyptischen Karbonatrampe unter
Beriicksichtigung der Alveolinen-Faunen. 142 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Ziebis, W.
The Impact of the Thalassinidean Shrimp Callianassa truncata on the Geochemistry of pelmeable,
coastal Sediments. 158 pages, Bremen 1998.
Report and prelinlinary results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 4111, Malaga - Libreville, l3.2.-15.3.1998.
Bremen, 1998.
Volker, D.J.
Untersuchungen an stromungsbeeinfluJ3ten Sedimentationsmustern im Siidozean. Interpretation
sedimentechographischer Daten und numerische Modellierung. 152 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Schliinz, B.
Riverine Organic Carbon Input into the Ocean in Relation to Late Quaternary Climate Change.
Kuhnert,H.
Aufzeichnug des Klimas vor Westaustralien in stabilen Isotopen in Korallenskeletten.
Kirst, G.
Rekonstruktion von Oberfliichenwassertemperaturen im ostlichen Siidatlantik anhand von
Alkenonen. l30 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Diirkoop, A.
Der Brasil-Strom im Spiitquartar: Rekonsttuktion del' oberfliichennahen Hydrographie
wiihrend der letzten 400000 Jahre. 121 pages, Bremen, 1998.
No. 120
No.U1
No. 122
No. 123
No. 124
No.U5
No. 126
No. 127
No. 128
No.U9
No. 130
No. 131
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No. 133
No. 134
No. 135
No. 136
No. 137
No. 138
No. 139
Lamy,F.
Spatquatiare Variationen des terrigenen Sedimenteintrags entlang des chilenischen Kontinentalhangs als Abbild von Klimavariabilitat im Milankovi6- und Sub-Milankovic-Zeitbereich.
Report and preliminary results ofPOSEIDON-Cmise Pos 23712, Vigo - Las Palmas,
18.3.-3l.3.1998. 39 pages, Bremen,1998
Romero, O.E.
Marine planktonic diatoms from the tropical and equatorial Atlantic: temporal flux patterns and the
sediment record. 205 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Spiess, V. und Fahrtteilnehmer
RepOli and preliminary results of RV SONNE Cmise 125, Cochin - Chittagong,
17.10.-17.11.1997. 128 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Arz,H.W.
Dokumentation von kurzfristigen Klimaschwankungen des Spatquartars in Sedimenten des
westlichen aquatorialen Atlantiks. 96 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Wolff, T.
Mixed layer characteristics in the equatorial Atlantic during the late Quaternary as deduced from
planktonic foraminifera. l32 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Dittert, N.
Late Quaternary P1anktic Foraminifera Assemblages in the South Atlantic Ocean:
Quantitative Deternlination and Preservational Aspects. 165 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Holl, C.
Kalkige und organisch-wandige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten in Spatquariliren Sedimenten des
tropischen Atlantiks und ihre palokologische Auswertbarkeit. 121 pages, Bremen, 1998.
Hencke,J.
Redoxreaktionen im Gmndwasser: Etabliemng und Verlagemng von Reaktionsfronten und ilu'e
Bedeutung fur die Spurenelement-Mobiliilit. 122 pages, Bremen 1998.
Report and preliminary results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 4113, Vitoria, Brasil- Salvador de Bahia,
Brasil, 18.4. - 15.5.1998. Bremen, 1999.
Report and preliminary results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 4114, Salvador de Bahia, BrasilLas Palmas, Spain, 18.5. -l3.6.1998. Bremen, 1999.
Schliinz, B. und G. Wefer
Bericht libel' den 7. JGOFS-Workshop am 3. und 4.12.1998 in Bremen. Im Anhang:
Publikationen zum deutschen Beitrag zur Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), Stand 111999.
Report and preliminary results ofMETEOR-Cmise M 42/4, Las Palmas - Las Palmas - Viena do Castelo;
26.09.1998 - 26.l0.1998. 104 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Felis, T.
Climate and ocean variability reconstmcted from stable isotope records of modem subtropical corals
(Northern Red Sea). III pages, Bremen, 1999.
Draschba , S.
North Atlatltic climate variability recorded in reef corals from BetIDuda. 108 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Schmieder, F.
Magnetic Cydostratigraphy of South Atlantic Sediments. 82 pages, Bremen, 1999.
RieO, W.
In situ measurements of respiration and mineralisation processes - Interaction between fauna and
geochemical fluxes at active interfaces. 68 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Devey, C.W. and cruise participants
Report and shipboard results from METEOR-cmise M 4112, Libreville - Vitoria, 18.3. -15.4.98.
Wenzhofer, F.
Biogeochemical processes at the sediment water interface and quantification of metabolically driven calcite
dissolution in deep sea sediments. 103 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Klump,J.
Biogenic barite as a proxy of paleoproductivity variations in the Southern Pem-Chile Current.
No. 140
No. 141
No. 142
No. 143
No. 144
No. 145
No. 146
No. 147
No. 148
No. 149
No. 150
No. 151
No. 152
No. 153
No. 154
No. 155
No. 156
No. 157
No. 158
No. 159
No. 160
Huber, R.
Carbonate sedimentation in the northem Northatlantic since the late pliocene. 103 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Schulz, H.
Nitrate-storing sulfur bacteria in sediments of coastal upwelling. 94 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Mai,S.
Die Sedimentvelteilung im Wattenmeer: ein Simulationsmodell. 114 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Report and preliminaty results of Poseidon Cmise 248, Las Palmas - Las Palmas, 15.2.-26.2.1999.
Weber,A.
Schwefelkreislauf in marinen Sedimenten und Messung von in situ Sulfatreduktionsraten.
Hadeler, A.
Sorptionsreaktionen im Grundwasser: Unterschiedliche Aspekte bei der Modelliemng des
TranspOltverhaltens von Zink. 122 pages, 1999.
Dierfien, H.
Zum Kreislauf ausgewahlter Spurenmetalle im Siidatlantik: VertikaltranspOlt und Wechselwirkung
zwischen Partikeln und Losung. 167 pages, Bremen, 1999.
Ziihlsdorff, L.
High resolution multi-frequency seismic surveys at the Eastern Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank and the
Cascadia Margin - Evidence for thelmally and tectonically driven fluid upflow in marine
sedinlents. 118 pages, Bremen 1999.
Kinkel, H.
Living and late Quaternary Coccolithophores in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean: response of distribution
and productivity patterns to changing surface water circulation. 183 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Report and preliminary results of METEOR Cmise M 44/3, Aqaba (Jordan) - Safaga (Egypt) - DuM
(Saudi Arabia) - Suez (Egypt) - Haifa (Israel), 12.3.-26.3.-2.4.-4.4.l999. l35 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Schliinz, B. and G. Wefer
Bericht iiber den 8. JGOFS-Workshop am 2. und 3.12.1999 in Bremen.lmAnhang:
Publikationen zum deutschen Beitrag zur Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), Stand 11 2000.
Schnack,K.
Biostratigraphie und fazielle Entwicklung in der Oberkreide und im Altteltiar im Bereich der
Kharga Schwelle, Westliche Wiiste, SW-Agypten. 142 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Karwath,B.
Ecological studies on living and fossil calcareous dinoflagellates of the equatorial and tropical Atlantic
Ocean. 175 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Moustafa, Y.
Paleoclimatic reconstructions of the Northern Red Sea during the Holocene infened from stable isotope
records of modem and fossil corals and molluscs. 102 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Villinger, H. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of SONNE-cruise 145-1 Balboa - Talcahuana, 21.12.1999 - 28.01.2000.
Rusch,A.
Dynamik der Feinfraktion im Oberflachenhorizont permeabler Schelfsedimente. 102 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Moos,C.
Reconstmction of upwelling intensity and paleo-nutrient gradients in the northwest Arabian Sea derived
from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes ofplanktic foraminifera. 103 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Xu,W.
Mass physical sediment properties and trends in a Wadden Sea tidal basin. 127 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Meinecke, G. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of METEOR Cmise M 45/1, Malaga (Spain) - Lissabon (Portugal),
19.05. - 08.06.1999. 39 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Vink, A.
Reconstruction of recent and late Quaternary surface water masses of the western subtropical
Atlantic Ocean based on calcareous and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. 160 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Willems, H. (Sprecher), U. Bleil, R. Henrich, K. Herterich, B.B. J0rgensen,
H.-J. Kufi,
M. Olesch, H.D. Schulz,V. Spiefi, G. Wefer
AbschluBbericht des Graduierten-Kollegs Stoff-Fliisse in marine Geosystemen.
Zusa111111enfassung und Berichtszeitraum Januar 1996 - Dezember 2000. 340 pages, Bremen, 2000.
No. 161
No. 162
No. 163
No. 164
No. 165
No. 166
No. 167
No. 168
No. 169
No. 170
No. 171
No. 172
No. 173
No. 174
No. 175
No. 176
No. 177
No. 178
No. 179
No. 180
Sprengel, C.
Untersuchungen zur Sedimentation und Okologie von Coccolithophoriden im Bereich der Kanarischen
Inseln: Saisonale Flussmuster und Karbonatexport. 165 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Donner, B. and G. Wefer
Bericht liber den JGOFS-Workshop am 18.-21.9.2000 in Bremen:
Biogeochemical Cycles: German Contributions to the International Joint Global Ocean Flux Study.
Report and preliminaty results of Meteor Cruise M 45/5, Bremen - Las Palmas, October 1 - November 3,
1999.93 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Devey, C. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of Sonne Cruise SO 145/2, Talcahuano (Chile) - Arica (Chile),
Februaty 4 - February 29,2000. 63 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Freudenthal, T.
Reconstruction of productivity gradients in the Canaty Islands region off Morocco by means of sinking
particles and sedinlents. 147 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Adler, M.
Modeling of one-dimensional transport in porous media with respect to simultaneous geochemical reactions
in CoTReM. 147 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Santamarina Cuneo, P.
Fluxes of suspended particulate matter through a tidal inlet of the East Frisian Wadden Sea
(southern Notih Sea). 91 pages, Bremen, 2000.
Benthien, A.
Effects ofCOz and nutrient concentration on the stable carbon isotope composition ofC37:2 alkenones in
sediments of the South Atlantic Ocean. 104 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Lavik, G.
Nitrogen isotopes of sinking matter and sediments in the Souili Atlantic. 140 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Budziak, D.
Late Quaternaty monsoonal climate and related variations in paleoproductivity and alkenone-derived
sea-surface temperatures in the western Arabian Sea. 114 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Gerhardt, S.
Late Quaternary water mass variability derived from the pteropod preservation state in sediments of the
western South Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. 109 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Report and preliminary results of Meteor Cruise M 46/3, Montevideo (Uruguay) - Mar del Plata
(Argentina), January 4 - February 7, 2000. Bremen, 2001.
Report and preliminaty results of Meteor Cruise M 46/4, Mar del Plata (Argentina) - Salvador da Bahia
(Brazil), Februaty 10 - March 13,2000. With partial results of METEOR cruise M 46/2. 136 pages,
Bremen, 2001.
RepOli and preliminary results of Meteor Cruise M 46/2, Recife (Brazil) - Montevideo
(Uruguay), December 2 - December 29,1999. 107 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Schmidt,A.
Magnetic mineral fluxes in the Quaternary South Atlantic: Implications for the pa1eoenvironment.
Bruhns, P.
Crystal chemical characterization of heavy metal incorporation in brick burning processes.
Karius, V.
Baggergut der Hafengruppe Bremen-Stadt in der Ziegelherstellung. 131 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Adegbie, A. T.
Reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions in Equatorial Atlantic and the Gulf of Guinea Basins for
the last 245,000 years. 113 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Report and preliminary results ofRIV Sonne Cruise SO 149, Victoria - Victoria, 16.8. - 16.9.2000.
Kim,J.-H.
Reconstruction of past sea-surface temperatures in the eastern South Atlantic and the eastern South Pacific
across Temlination I based on ilie Alkenone Meiliod. 114 pages, Bremen, 2001.
No. 181
No. 182
No. 183
No. 184
No. 185
No. 186
No. 187
No. 188
No. 189
No. 190
No. 191
No. 192
No. 193
No. 194
No. 195
No. 196
No. 197
No. 198
No. 199
No. 200
von Lom-Keil, H.
Sedimentmy waves on the Namibian continental margin and in the Argentine Basin - Bottom flow
reconstmctions based on high resolution echosounder data. 126 pages, Bremen, 2001.
PUCK: Report and preliminary results of RN Sonne Cmise SO 156, Valparaiso (Chile) - Talcahuano
(Chile), March 29 - May 14, 2001. 195 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Wendler, J.
Reconstmction of astronomically-forced cyclic and abmpt paleoecological changes in the Upper
Cretaceous Boreal Realm based on calcareous dinoflagellate cysts. 149 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Volbers, A.
Planktic foraminifera as paleoceanographic indicators: production, preservation, and reconstmction of
upwelling intensity. Implications from late QuatemalY South Atlantic sediments. 122 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Report and preliminary results of RN METEOR Cmise M 49/3, Montevideo (Umguay) - Salvador
(Brasil), March 9 - April 1, 2001. 99 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Scheibner, C.
Architecture of a carbonate platfonn-to-basin transition on a stmctural high (Campanian-early Eocene,
Eastem Desert, Egypt) - classical and modelling approaches combined. 173 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Schneider, S.
Quartare Schwankungen in Stromungsintensitat und Produktivitat als Abbild del' WassennassenVariabilitat im aquatorialen Atlantik (ODP Sites 959 und 663): Ergebnisse aus Siltkom-Analysen.
Uliana, E.
Late Quatemary biogenic opal sedimentation in diatom assemblages in Kongo Fan sediments. 96 pages,
Bremen,2002.
Esper, O.
Reconstmction of Recent and Late Quatemary oceanographic conditions in the eastem South Atlantic
Ocean based on calcareous- and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. 130 pages, Bremen, 2001.
Wendler, I.
Production and preservation of calcareous dinoflagellate cysts in the modem Arabian Sea. 117 pages,
Bremen, 2002.
Bauer, J.
Late Cenomanian - Santonian carbonate platfonn evolution of Sinai (Egypt): stratigraphy, facies, and
sequence architecture. 178 pages, Bremen, 2002.
Hildebrand-Habel, T.
Die Entwicklung kalkiger Dinoflagellaten im Siidatlantik seit del' hoheren Oberkreide. 152 pages,
Bremen, 2002.
Hecht, H.
Sauerstoff-Optopoden zur Quantifiziemng von Pyritverwittemngsprozessen im Labor- und Langzeit-in-situEinsatz. Entwicklung - Anwendung - Modelliemng. 130 pages, Bremen, 2002.
Report and Preliminary Results of RV METEOR-Cmise M49/4, Salvador da Bahia - Halifax,
4.4.-5.5.2001. 84 pages, Bremen, 2002.
Groger, M.
Deep-water circulation in the westem equatorial Atlantic: inferences from carbonate preservation studies
and silt grain-size analysis. 95 pages, Bremen, 2002.
Meinecke,G. and cruise participants
Report of RV POSEIDON Cmise POS 271, Las Palmas - Las Palmas, 19.3.-29.3.2001. 19 pages,
Bremen, 2002.
Meggers, H. and cruise participants
Report of RV POSEIDON Cmise POS 272, Las Palmas - Las Palmas, 1.4.-14.4.2001. 19 pages,
Bremen, 2002.
Grafe, K.-V.
Stratigraphische Korrelation und Steuel'Ullgsfaktoren Sedimentarer Zyklen in ausgewahlten Borealen und
Tethyalen Becken des CenomanlTuron (Oberkreide) Europas und Nordwestafrikas. 197 pages,
Bremen, 2002.
Jahn,B.
Mid to Late Pleistocene Variations of Marine Productivity in and Terrigenous Input to the Southeast
Atlantic. 97 pages, Bremen, 2002.
Al-Rousan, S.
Ocean and climate history recorded in stable isotopes of coral and foraminifers from the northem Gulf of
Aqaba. 116 pages, Bremen, 2002.
No. 201
No. 202
No. 203
No. 204
No. 205
No. 206
No. 207
No. 208
No. 209
No. 210
No. 211
No. 212
No. 213
No. 214
No. 215
No. 216
No. 217
No. 218
No. 219
No. 220
No. 221
No. 222
Azouzi, B.
Regionalisierung hydraulischer und hydrogeochemischer Daten mit geostatistischen Methoden.
Report and preliminaty results of METEOR Cruise M 47/3, Libreville (Gabun) - Walvis Bay (Namibia),
01.06 - 03.07.2000. 70 pages, Bremen 2002.
RepOlt and preliminaty results of METEOR Cruise M 49/2, Montevideo (Uruguay) - Montevideo,
13.02 - 07.03.2001. 84 pages, Bremen 2002.
Mollenhauer, G.
Organic carbon accumulation in the South Atlantic Ocean: Sedimentaty processes and glacial/interglacial
Budgets. 139 pages, Bremen 2002.
Report and preliminary results of METEOR Cruise M4911, Cape Town (South Africa) - Montevideo
(Uruguay), 04.0l.2000 - 10.02.2000. 57 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Meier, K.J.S.
Calcareous dinoflagellates from the Meditenanean Sea: taxonomy, ecology and palaeoenvironmental
application. 126 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Rakic, S.
Untersuchungen zur Polymorphie und Kristallchemie von Silikaten del' Zusammensetzung Me2Si20s
(Me:Na, K). 139 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Pfeifer, K.
Auswirkungen fiiihdiagenetischer Prozesse auf Calcit- und Batytgehalte in marinen Oberflachensedimenten. 110 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Heuer, V.
Spurenelemente in Sedimenten des Siidatlantik. Primarer Eintrag und fiiihdiagenetische Uberpragung.
Streng, M.
Phylogenetic Aspects and Taxonomy of Calcareous Dinoflagellates. 157 pages, Bremen 2003.
Boeckel, B.
Present and past coccolith assemblages in the South Atlantic: implications for species ecology, carbonate
contribution and palaeoceanographic applicability. 157 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Precht, E.
Advective interfacial exchange in penneable sediments driven by surface gravity waves and its ecological
consequences. 131 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Frenz, M.
Grain-size composition of Quaternary South Atlantic sediments and its paleoceanographic significance.
Meggers, H. and cruise participants
Report and preliminaty results of METEOR Cruise M 5311, Limassol - Las Palmas - Mindelo,
30.03.2002 - 03.05.2002.81 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Report and preliminary results of METEOR Cruise M 58/1, Dakar - Las Palmas, 15.04 .. 2003 - 12.05.2003.
Bremen, 2003.
Schneider, R. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of METEOR Cruise M 57/1, Cape Town - Walvis Bay, 20.01. - 08.02.2003.
Kallmeyer, J.
Sulfate reduction in the deep Biosphere. 157 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Roy,H.
Dynamic Structure and Function of the Diffusive Boundary Layer at the Seafloor. 149 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Patzold, J., C. Hiibscher and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results of METEOR Cruise M 52/2&3, Istanbul- Limassol - Limassol,
04.02. - 27.03.2002. Bremen, 2003.
Zabel, M. and cruise participants
RepOlt and preliminary results of METEOR Cruise M 57/2, Walvis Bay - Walvis Bay, 11.02. - 12.03.2003.
136 pages, Bremen 2003.
Salem,M.
Geophysical investigations of submarine prolongations of alluvial fans on the western side of the Gulf of
Aqaba-Red Sea. 100 pages, Bremen, 2003.
Tilch, E.
Oszillation von Wattflachen und deren fossiles Erhaltungspotential (Spiekerooger Riickseitenwatt, siidliche
Nordsee). 137 pages, Bremen, 2003.
No. 223
No. 224
No. 225
No. 226
No. 227
No. 228
No. 229
Frisch, U. and F. Kockel
Del' Bremen-Knoten im Stmkturnetz Nordwest-Deutschlands. Stratigraphie, PaUiogeographie,
Strukturgeologie. 379 pages, Bremen, 2004.
Kolonic, S.
Mechanisms and biogeochemical implications of CenomanianlTuronian black shale fonnation in North
Africa: An integrated geochemical, millennial-scale study from the Tarfaya-LaAyoune Basin in SW
Morocco. 174 pages, Bremen, 2004. Report online available only.
Panteleit, B.
Geochemische Prozesse in del' Salz- Siillwasser Ubergangszone. 106 pages, Bremen, 2004.
Seiter, K.
Regionalisienmg und QuantifIziemng benthischer Mineralisationsprozesse. l35 pages, Bremen, 2004.
RepOlt and preliminary results of METEOR Cmise M 58/2, Las Palmas - Las Palmas (Canary Islands,
Spain), 15.05. - 08.06.2003. 123 pages, Bremen, 2004.
Kopf, A. and cruise participants
RepOlt and preliminary results of SONNE Cmise S0175, Miami - Bremerhaven, 12.11 - 30.12.2003.
Fabian, M.
Near Surface Tilt and Pore Pressure Changes Induced by Pumping in Multi-Layered Poroelastic Half-
Spaces.
No. 230
No. 231
No. 232
No. 233
No. 234
No. 235
No. 236
No. 237
No. 238
No. 239
No. 240
No. 241
No. 242
No. 243
No. 244
Segl, M. , and cruise participants
RepOlt and preliminary results ofPOSEIDON cmise 304 Galway - Lisbon,S. - 22. Oct. 2004, 27 pages,
Bremen2004
RepOlt and preliminary results of POSEIDON Cmise 296,42 pages, Bremen 2005.
RepOlt and preliminary results of POSEIDON Cmise 310,49 pages, Bremen 2005.
RepOlt and preliminaty results of METEOR Cmise 58/3, Bremen 2005.
Feseker, T.
Numerical Studies on Groundwater Flow in Coastal Aquifers. 219 pages. Bremen 2004.
SaWing, H. and cruise participants
RepOlt and preliminary results ofRIV POSEIDON Cmise P317/4, Istanbul-Istanbul,
16 October - 4 November 2004.92 pages, Bremen 2004.
Meinecke, G. und Fahrtteilnehmer
Report and preliminalY results of POSEIDON Cmise 305, Las Palmas (Spain) - Lisbon (Portugal),
October 28th - November 6th, 2003. 43 pages, Bremen 2005.
Ruhland, G. and cruise participants
Report and preliminalY results of POSEIDON Cmise 319, Las Palmas (Spain) - Las Palmas (Spain),
December 6th - December 17th, 2004. 50 pages, Bremen 2005.
Chang, T.S.
Dynamics of fme-grained sediments and stratigraphic evolution of a back-barrier tidal basin of the
Ge1111an Wadden Sea (southern North Sea). 102 pages, Bremen 2005.
Lager, T.
Predicting the source strength of recycling materials within the scope of a seepage water prognosis by means
of standardized laboratory methods. 141 pages, Bremen 2005.
Meinecke, G.
DOLAN - Operationelle Datenubertragung im Ozean und Laterales Akustisches Netzwerk in del' Tiefsee.
AbschluBbericht. 42 pages, Bremen 2005.
Guasti, E.
Early Paleogene environmental turnover in the southern Tethys as recorded by foraminiferal and organicwalled dinoflagellate cysts assemblages. 203 pages, Bremen 2005.
Riedinger, N.
Preservation and diagenetic overprint of geochemical and geophysical signals in ocean margin sediments
related to depositional dynamics. 91 pages, Bremen 2005.
Ruhland, G. and cruise participants
Report and preliminary results ofPOSEIDON cmise 320, Las Palmas (Spain) - Las Palmas (Spain),
March 08th - March 18th, 2005.57 pages, Bremen 2005.
Inthorn,M.
Lateral particle transport in nepheloid layers - a key factor for organic matter distribution and quality in the
Benguela high-productivity area. 127 pages, Bremen, 2006.
No. 245
No. 246
No. 247
Aspetsberger, F.
Benthic carbon turnover in continental slope and deep sea sediments: inlpoliance of organic matter quality at
different time scales. 136 pages, Bremen, 2006.
Report and preliminary results of RV SONNE Cruise SO-184, PABESIA, Durban (South Africa) - Cilacap
(Indonesia) - Dalwin (Australia), July 08th - September 13th, 2005. 142 pages, Bremen 2006.
Ratmeyer, V. and cruise participants
RepOli and prelinlinary results of RV METEOR Cruise M61/3. Development of Carbonate Mounds
on the Celtic Continental Margin, NOliheast Atlantic. Cork (Ireland) - Ponta Delgada (POliugal), 04.06. 21.06.2004.64 pages, Bremen 2006.

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