O rei de Havana

Transcrição

O rei de Havana
2‹Š#
3HGUR-XDQ*XWLHUUH]
7UDGXomRGH-RVp5XEHQV6LTXHLUD
6REUHR$XWRU
2WDOHQWRREVHUYDGRUHQYROYLGRHFRPSDVVLYR TXH 3HGUR-XDQ JXWLHUUH] GHPRQVWURX
HP VHX SULPHLUR URPDQFH 7ULORJLD VXMD GH +DYDQD VH FRQILUPD QHVWH 2 UHL GH
+DYDQD D KLVWyULD GH 5H\QDOGR XP DQWLKHUyL DGROHVFHQWH TXH OXWD SDUD VREUHYLYHU
HQWUH RVPLVHUiYHLV GD FLGDGH 0RYLGR DVH[R H LQWHOLJrQFLD FHJD HOH p LQFDSD] GH
SHUFHEHUTXHDYDQoDLQH[RUDYHOPHQWHSDUDDGHVWUXLomRIHUR]HRHVTXHFLPHQWR
³1mRPHSHUJXQWHPFRPRTXHHVWRXGH DFRUGR RX QmR SRUTXH Vy HVWRX GH DFRUGR
FRPDTXLORTXHHVFUHYR´
³$OJXQV GLUmR TXH PHXV WH[WRV VmR SRUQRJUiILFRV RXWURV TXH VmR HUyWLFRV DOJXQV
GL]HPTXHVmRUHOLJLRVRVHRXWURVTXHVmRSROtWLFRVQXPD6HJXQGDOHLWXUD
(XQmRVHL³
3HGUR-XDQ*XWLHUUH]
6REUHD'LJLWDOL]DomRGHVWD2EUD
6HRVOLYURVWLYHVVHPSUHoRVDFHVVtYHLVWRGRV SRGHULDPFRPSUiORV$ GLJLWDOL]DomR
GHVWD REUD p XP SURWHVWR FRQWUD D H[FOXVmR FXOWXUDO H SRU FRQVHTrQFLD VRFLDO
FDXVDGDVSHORVSUHoRVDEXVLYRVGRVOLYURVSXEOLFDGRVHHGLWDGRVQR%UDVLO$VVLPp
WRWDOPHQWHFRQGHQiYHODYHQGDGHVWHHOLYURHPTXDOTXHUFLUFXQVWkQFLD
'LVWULEXDROLYUHPHQWH
³3DUDWRGDVDVSHVVRDVTXHYDOHPPDLVTXHXPNLEHGHURGRYLiULD´
6RPRVORTXHKD\
/RTXHJXVWDDODJHQWH
/RTXHVHYHQGHFRPRSDQFDOLHQWH
/RTXHVHiJDWDHQHOPHUFDGR
6RPRVORPi[LPR
0DQROtQR0pGLFRGD6DOVD
2VXEGHVHQYROYLPHQWRpDLQFDSDFLGDGHGHDFXPXODUH[SHULrQFLD
(GPXQGR'HVQRHV
7XQRMXHJXHVFRQPLJRTXH\RVLFRPRFDQGHLD
&DQomRFXEDQD
$TXHOH SHGDoR GH FREHUWXUD HUD R PDLV SRUFR GR
HGLItFLRLQWHLUR 4XDQGR FRPHoRX D FULVH GH HOD SHUGHX R
HPSUHJRGHID[LQHLUD(QWmRIH]FRPRPXLWDJHQWH
DUUDQMRX JDOLQKDVXP SRUFR H XPDV SRPEDV &RQVWUXLX
XPDJDLRODGHWiEXDVSRGUHVSHGDoRVGHODWDVREUDVGHEDUUDVGH
DoR DUDPHV &RPLDPDOJXQV H YHQGLDP RXWURV 6REUHYLYLD QR
PHLR GD PHUGD H GRIHGRU GRV ELFKRV ­V YH]HV R HGLItFLR
FKHJDYDDQmRWHUiJXDGXUDQWHYiULRVGLDV(QWmRYRFLIHUDYDFRP
RV PHQLQRV DFRUGDYD RV GRLV GH PDGUXJDGD H FRP WDSDV H
HPSXUU}HV RV REULJDYDD GHVFHU RV TXDWUR DQGDUHV H VXELU SHOD
HVFDGD XQV WDQWRV EDOGHVWLUDGRV GH XP SRoR TXH
LQDFUHGLWDYHOPHQWHH[LVWLDQDHVTXLQDFREHUWRFRPXPDWDPSDGH
HVJRWR
2V PHQLQRV WLQKDP QD pSRFD QRYH H GH] DQRV
5H\QDOGRR PHQRU HUD WUDQTLOR H VLOHQFLRVR 1HOVRQ PDLV
IRJRVRVHUHEHODYDVHPSUHHjVYH]HVJULWDYDFRPHODHQIXUHFLGR
TXHU"
³1mRJULWHPDLVFRPLJRSRUUD2TXHpTXHYRFr
(OD HUD PDQFD GD SHUQD GLUHLWD H XP SRXFR OLPtWURIH
RXWRQWD 1mR HUD ERD GD FDEHoD 'HVGH PHQLQD 7DOYH] GH
QDVFHQoD6XDPmHYLYLDMXQWRFRPHOHV7LQKDXQVFHPDQRVRX
PDLVQLQJXpP VDELD 7RGRV QXP TXDUWR HP UXtQDV GH WUrV SRU
TXDWURH XP SHGDoR GH SiWLR DR DU OLYUH $ YHOKD QmR WRPDYD
EDQKRID]LDDQRV0XLWRPDJUDGHWDQWDIRPH8PDORQJDYLGDGH
IRPHH PLVpULD SHUPDQHQWH -i HVWDYD FDVFXGD 1mR IDODYD
3DUHFLDXPD P~PLD VLOHQFLRVD HVTXHOpWLFD FREHUWD GH VXMHLUD
0H[LDVHSRXFRRXQDGD6HPIDODUMDPDLV6yROKDYDDILOKDPHLR
WRQWDH RV GRLV QHWRV TXH VH HVWDSHDYDP H VH RIHQGLDP
PXWXDPHQWHHP PHLR DR FDFDUHMDU GDV JDOLQKDV H DR ODWLU GRV
FDFKRUURV´(VVHVDtVmRORXFRVµGL]LDPRVYL]LQKRV(QLQJXpP
LQWHUYLQKDQDTXHODVEULJDVFRQWtQXDV
­VYH]HVDFHQGLDXPFLJDUURHVHUHFRVWDYDQDYDUDQGD
GDFREHUWXUD ROKDQGR D UXD SHQVDQGR HP $GDOEHUWR
4XDQGRMRYHP WHYH GH]HQDV GH KRPHQV *RVWDYD GH H[FLWiORV
'HTXDOTXHULGDGH$OJXQVOKHGL]LDP
´2OKDEREDYHQKDDTXLHPHGrXPDFKXSDGLQKD'RX
GRLV SHVRV VH PH GHU XPD FKXSDGDµH Oi LD HOD FKXSDU $OJXQV
OKHGDYDPGLQKHLUR2XWURVQmR
6ROWDYDPDSRUUDHGL]LDP
´(VSHUHDTXLQmRVDLDGDTXLTXHHXMiYROWRµHVXPLDP
&RP $GDOEHUWR IRL GLIHUHQWH 2V PHQLQRVVmR GHOH PDV R
GHVJUDoDGRQXQFDTXLVYLYHUFRPHOHVDOLQDFREHUWXUDHTXDQGR
YLX TXH HVWDYD JUiYLGD SHOD VHJXQGD YH]GHVDSDUHFHX SDUD
VHPSUH $JRUD Mi HVWi PHLR YHOKXVFD VRQJDIHGHQGR GHPDLV
PDQFDGHXPDSHUQDPRUUHQGRGHIRPH
3HQVDYDOiFRQVLJRPHVPDHFRQFOXtD
´4XHP SRUUD YDL FKHJDU SHUWR GH PLQL" 6H R TXH HX
WHQKRpYRQWDGHGHPRUUHUµ
3HQVDYD DVVLP H VH HQIXUHFLD FRQVLJR PHVPD -RJDYD R
FLJDUURQDUXDHGHVHVSHUDGDJULWDYDFRPRVPHQLQRV
³ 5H\ 1HOVRQ YmR EXVFDU iJXD Oi HPEDDDDL[R
&DUDOKRYmREXVFDUiJXDDDDD
2V PHQLQRV REHGHFLDP &RQWUD D YRQWDGH PDV
REHGHFLDP
3HOR PHQRV Mi QmR SUHQGLD PDLV RV GRLV QR DUPiULR
HVFXUR HSHTXHQR GXUDQWH GLDV 'HVGH PXLWR SHTXHQRV DWp
FRPSOHWDUHPVHWH DQRV HQILDYD RV GRLV QDTXHOH OXJDU ~PLGR
FKHLRGHHQFDQDPHQWRVHEDUDWDV6HPUD]mR6ySDUDWLUDUGDVXD
IUHQWH2VPHQLQRVILFDYDPDSDYRUDGRVSRUTXHTXDQGRHQWUDYDP
QD SULVmR SRGLDP SDVVDU XP GRLV RX DWp WUrV GLDV VHP FRPHU
ODPEHQGRD XPLGDGH GRV FDQRV 2XWUDV YH]HV DWLUDYDRV GHQWUR
GH XPWDQTXH GH iJXD GH UHSHQWH JULWDQGR SDUD VH FDODUHP H
QmRHQFKHUHPPDLV'HVXVWRRVPHQLQRVVHFDODYDP$VYH]HV
RVDIXQGDYD QD iJXD H QmR RV WLUDYD DWp TXH PHLR DVIL[LDGRV
HVSHUQHDYDP GHVHVSHUDGRV $JRUD PDLRUHV H PDLV IRUWHV
UHEHODYDPVHHLPSHGLDPDTXHOHVFDVWLJRV9LYLDPVROWRVHPERUD
IRVVHPjV YH]HV j HVFROD QD HVTXLQD GD 6DQ /i]DUR FRP D
%HODVFRDtQ
0DLVSDUDIXJLUGHODGRTXHSDUDDSUHQGHU2VSURIHVVRUHV
HQVLQDYDP SRXFR SRUTXH RV DOXQRV HUDP UHERWDOKR $V
PHQLQLQKDVGHWUH]HDQRVMiHVWDYDPWUHSDQGRDSOHQRYDSRUFRP
RV WXULVWDVGR 0DOHFyQ 2V PHQLQRV PHWLGRV FRP PDFRQKD H
ID]HQGR XQVQHJRFLQKRV SDUD JDQKDU DOJXP WRGR GLD 2V SDLV H
PmHV VH VDWLVID]LDP FRP VXD DXVrQFLD 1LQJXpP HVWDYD
LQWHUHVVDGR HP DSUHQGHU PDWHPiWLFD QHP FRLVDV FRPSOLFDGDV H
LQ~WHLV ( RV SURIHVVRUHV QmR FRQVHJXLDP PDLV GRPLQDU DTXHODV
IHULQKDV(QILP1HOVRQH5H\LDPjHVFRODWUrVRXTXDWURGLDVH
RUHVWRGDVHPDQDVHGLVWUDtDPQDFREHUWXUDFRPRVSRPERVH
RVFDFKRUURV
7LQKDPFLQFRFDFKRUURVUHFROKLGRVGDUXD
0XLWDV YH]HV D ~QLFD FRPLGD GR GLD LQWHLUR HUD XP
SHGDoR GH SmR H XPD MDUUD GH iJXD FRP Do~FDU PDV PHVPR
DVVLPRV GRLV FUHVFHUDP 'HVFREULUDP TXH DV SRPEDV GRV
RXWURVYLQKDPSRXVDUDOLQDFREHUWXUDGHOHVHTXHQmRHUDGLItFLO
FDoiODV YLYDV (QWmR LQYHQWDUDP XPD DUPDGLOKD XP SRPER
ERQLWR PDFKR H VHGXWRU TXH YRDYD SRU FLPD GH WRGRV RV
HGLItFLRV
6HPSUH DSDUHFLD DOJXPD SRPELQKD LQFDXWD DGPLUDGRUD
GDTXHOH EHOR JDOm ( Oi LD HOD 9RDYD DWUiV GHOH H R SRPER D
FRQGX]LDDWpVXDJDLRODSDUDOKHID]HUDPRUjYRQWDGH(Dt]iV
5H\ H1HOVRQ IHFKDYDP D SRUWD GD JDLROD 1R PHUFDGR GH
&XDWUR&DPLQRV SDJDYDP TXDUHQWD RX FLQTHQWD SHVRV SHOD
SRPED
$WpFHPSHVRVVHIRVVHEUDQFD&RPDFULVHHDIRPHHD
ORXFXUD GH LU HPERUD GR SDtV WRGR LQXQGR ID]LD WUDEDOKRV GH
FDQGRPEOp H DV SRPEDV FDEULWRV H JDORV DOFDQoDYDP ERP
SUHoR $VJDOLQKDV SUHWDV WDPEpP TXH VmR PXLWR ERDV SDUD
OLPSH]D H DEULUFDPLQKRV 4XDQGR RV PHQLQRV YHQGLDP XPD
SRPEDDFRLVDPHOKRUDYD
FRPLDPXPDVSL]]DVHWRPDYDPXPDYLWDPLQDGHIUXWDV
/HYDYDPSL]]DVSDUDDPmHHSDUDDDYy
0HVPR DVVLP HOD FRQWLQXDYD JULWDQGR VHPSUH FRP
HOHVFRPR XPD ORXFD 9RFLIHUDQGR KXPLOKDQGRRV 2V GRLV Mi
WLQKDPSHQWHOKRV QD SpOYLV H QR HX R SDX Mi KDYLD FUHVFLGR H
HQJURVVDGRWLQKDPSrORVQDVD[LODVHDTXHOHFKHLURGHVXRUIRUWH
GRVKRPHQV H D YR] XP SRXFR PDLV URXFD H JURVVD 6H
PDVWXUEDYDP HVFRQGLGRV QR PHLR GDV JDLRODV GRV IUDQJRV
ROKDQGRDPHQLQDYL]LQKDGDFREHUWXUDDRODGR1DUHDOLGDGHHUD
DPHVPDFREHUWXUDGRHGLItFLRPDVDQRVDQWHVDOJXpPDGLYLGLUD
DRPHLRFRPXPPXUREDL[RGHPHQRVGHXPPHWUR(VVDHUDD
IURQWHLUDFRPRVYL]LQKRV
XPD YHOKD JRUGD H SHLWXGD FRP XPD ILOKDGH XQV YLQWH
DQRV H PXLWRV RXWURV ILOKRV TXH YLYLDP SRU DOL HMDPDLV VH
OHPEUDYDP GH TXH HOD HUD PmH GHOHV $ PHQLQD HUDJRVWRVD
GHPDLV
PXODWD PDJUD OLQGD SXWLQKD 6y VDtD GH QRLWHHOHJDQWH
SURYRFDQWHHYROWDYDGHPDGUXJDGD'XUDQWHRGLDDQGDYDSHOR
VHX SHGDoR GH FREHUWXUD FRP XP VKRUW FXUWLQKR HMXVWR H XPD
EOXVLQKD PtQLPD VHP VXWLm FRP RV ELFRV GRV SHLWRV EHP
PDUFDGRVHDKKK8PDWHQWDomR5H\QDOGRWLQKDMiWUH]HDQRVH
1HOVRQ FDWRU]H 7LQKDP ODUJDGR D HVFROD ID]LDWHPSR 1mR
DJHQWDYDPPDLVFRQWLQXDUVHPSUHQDVpWLPDVpULH
5HSHWLUDPWUrVYH]HVDPHVPDVpULHDWpTXHGHVLVWLUDP
&RQVLGHUDYDPVH KRPHQV &RQWLQXDYDP FRP R
QHJyFLRGDVSRPEDV&DGDGLDHUDPPHOKRUHVURXEDQGRSRPEDV
H WRGRGLD YHQGLDP XPD RX GXDV (UD XP ERP QHJyFLR (UDP
KRPHQVH Mi VXVWHQWDYDP WRGRV HP FDVD 0DV D PmH FRQWLQXDYD
HVW~SLGD FRPR VHPSUH 2GLDYDP DTXHODV H[SORV}HV H DTXHOHV
SLWRV QDIUHQWH GH WRGR PXQGR 6H VHQWLDP KXPLOKDGRV H
UHVSRQGLDP
³1mRVHMDEHVWD&DOHDERFDSRUUDFDOHDERFD
$ FREHUWXUD FDGD GLD ILFDYD PDLV SRUFD IHGHQGR PDLV
DPHUGD GH DQLPDLV $ DYy TXDVH QmR VH PH[LD 6HQWDYDVH
QXPFDL[RWH PHLR SRGUH RX HP TXDOTXHU FDQWR ( ILFDYD KRUDV
GHEDL[RGRVRO7LQKDPGHHQILiODQRTXDUWRHGHLWiOD3DUHFLD
XPDPRUWDYLYD 7LQKDP WDPEpP GH FRQWURODU D PmH SRUTXH D
FDGDGLD ILFDYD PDLV PDOXFD -i QHP FRQVHJXLD PDLV GHVFHU D
HVFDGD
(OHVDHPSXUUDYDPHJULWDYDPSDUDTXHVHFDODVVHPDVHOD
EHUUDYD PDLV DLQGD SHJDYD XP SHGDoR GH SDX H PDQGDYD HP
FLPDGHOHVWHQWDQGRGHIHQGHUVHXWHUULWyULR (OHV DUUDQFDYDP R
SDXGDPmRGHODHDFRQWURODYDPFRPXQVERIHW}HVQDFDUD(OD
FKRUDYD GH UDLYD JULWDQGR VROXoDYD DFHQGLD XP FLJDUUR QR
EHLUDLGD FREHUWXUD ROKDQGR RV FDUURV DV ELFLFOHWDV H DV SHVVRDV
TXHSDVVDYDPSRU6DQ/i]DUR-iQHPVHOHPEUDYDGH$GDOEHUWR
8PD PDQKm SRU YROWD GDV RQ]H HVWDYD IXPDQGR H
ROKDQGRDUXD1HOVRQWLQKDOKHGDGRXPERIHWmRGXURQDERFDH
HVWDYD FRP R OiELR VXSHULRU LQFKDGR H FRUWDGR SRU GHQWUR
3DVVDYD DOtQJXD H VHQWLD R JRVWR IHUURVR GR VDQJXH (VWDYD
IXULRVD -RJRX DELWXFD QD UXD GHX XPD FXVSLGD PHLR
VDQJXLQROHQWD TXHUHQGRTXH FDtVVH QD FDEHoD GH DOJXpP H VH
YLURXSDUDHQWUDUQRTXDUWR2VROHVWDYDIRUWHGHPDLVHOKHGRtD
DFDEHoD2VPHQLQRVHVFRQGLGRVDWUiVGRJDOLQKHLURHVSLDYDPD
SXWLQKDGDYL]LQKD
2V GRLV GH ROKRV HQWUHFHUUDGRV VRQKDGRUHV PH[HQGR
ULWPLFDPHQWH QR SDX $ PXODWLQKD HVWDYD PHLR QXD HVWHQGHQGR
XPDWRDOKD H XPD FDOFLQKD YHUPHOKD GH UHQGD *RVWDYD TXH RV
PHQLQRV VH PDVWXUEDVVHP ROKDQGR SDUD HOD $ WRDOKD SLQJDYD
iJXD HHOD WRUFLDH VH PROKDYD SDUD VH UHIUHVFDU GHEDL[R GR VRO
1D YHUGDGH JRVWDULD GH YrORV GH FRUSR LQWHLUR IUHQpWLFRV QD
IUHQWH GHODEDWHQGR D VXD SXQKHWD PDV DLQGD HUDP PHQLQRV
GHPDLV SDUD VHDWUHYHU D WDQWR 4XDQGR FUHVFHVVHP XP SRXFR
PDLVVHULDPERQVµDWLUDGRUHVµHH[LELULDPRVSDXVQRVSRUW}HVGR
0DOHFyQ SDUDWRGDV TXH TXLVHVVHP YHU 3RU RUD ID]LDP
HVFRQGLGR
4XDQGR HOD YLX DTXHOH HVSHWiFXOR ILFRX DLQGD PDLV
TXHLPDGD(PSLQRXGHUDLYD
³ 9mR EDWHQGR SXQKHWD 9mR EDWHQGR SXQKHWD
'HVFDUDGRVYmRDFDEDUPRUUHQGRIRUDGDt2VGRLV)RUDGDt
3HJRXXPSDXSDUDEDWHUQHOHVPDVORJRVHYLURXSDUD
DYL]LQKDSURYRFDQWH
³(YRFrSXWDGHPHUGDID]LVVRVySUDIRGHUSRUTXH
pXPDSXWD1mRSURYRTXHPDLVVHQmRHOHVDFDEDPPRUUHQGR
6HP FRPHU H WRFDQGR SXQKHWD R GLD LQWHLUR 9DL PDWDU
HOHVGURJDGHSXWD9DLPDWDUHOHV
³ (VFXWD DTXL WRQWD QmR PH DPROD HX HVWRX QD
PLQKDFDVDHIDoRRTXHEHPHQWHQGR
³9RFrpXPDEHODGHXPDSXWD
³ 6RX PDV FRP D PLQKD ERFHWD ( YLYR YLQWH YH]HV
PHOKRUTXHYRFrTXHpWRQWDHLPXQGD6XDSRUFD
2V FDFKRUURV FRPHoDUDP D ODWLU H DV JDOLQKDV WDPEpP
VHDOYRURoDUDP 1R PHLR GH WDQWR EDUXOKR H WDQWD ORXFXUD
HODWHQWD VDOWDU R SHTXHQR PXUR TXH VHSDUD DV FREHUWXUDV FRP
RSDX QD PmR TXHUHQGR EDWHU QD YL]LQKLQKD PDV 1HOVRQ Mi
HVWiHPFLPDGHODHOKHWLUDRSDX GD PmR )XULRVD WHQWD SDVVDU
GHTXDOTXHUMHLWRSDUDRSiWLRYL]LQKRJULWDQGR
³9RFrpXPDSXWD(YRFrXPSXQKHWHLUR7LUDDPmR
GHFLPDGHPLP0HVROWDSXQKHWHLURGHPHUGD
³1mRPH[LQJXHPDLVSRUUDQmRPH[LQJXHPDLV
1HOVRQ HVWi IRUD GH VL GHVFRQWURODGR e XP KRPHP GH
FDWRU]HDQRVHOKHGyLDTXHODKXPLOKDomR(DLQGD SRU FLPD DV
JDUJDOKDGDV JR]DGRUDV GD YL]LQKLQKD TXH DJRUD SURYRFD DLQGD
PDLV
³ 9DL SXQKHWHLUR GHVFDUDGR YDL ILFDU PDOXFR FRP
WDQWDSXQKHWD9DLDUUXPDUXPDPXOKHU
( Gi D YROWD H HQWUD HP FDVD PXLWR WUDQTLOD
UHTXHEUDQGRDEXQGDSDUDXPODGRHRXWUR1RPHLRGDEULJDD
JR]DomRGDSDWLQKDRPDFKXFDDLQGDPDLV'iXPIRUWHHPSXUUmR
QDPmHHDMRJDGHFRVWDVFRQWUDRJDOLQKHLUR'HXPFDQWRGD
JDLRODSURMHWDVHXPDSRQWDGHFDERGHDoRTXHVHFUDYDHPVXD
QXFDDWp R FpUHEUR $ PXOKHU QHP JULWD $EUH RV ROKRV FRP
KRUURUOHYD DV PmRV DR SRQWR RQGH HQWURX R DoR ) PRUUH
DSDYRUDGD
(PVHJXQGRVIRUPDVHXPDSRoDGHVDQJXHJURVVRHGH
OtTXLGRV YLVFRVRV (OD PRUUH FRP RV ROKRV DEHUWRV KRUURUL]DGD
1HOVRQYrDTXLORHGHUHSHQWHGHVDSDUHFHRyGLRTXHVHQWHSHOD
PmH(LQXQGDGRGHGRUHGHSkQLFR
³$LPLQKDPmH2TXHIRLTXHHXIL]RTXHIRLLVVR"
$JDUUD D PmH WHQWDQGR OHYDQWiOD PDV QmR FRQVHJXH
(VWiHVSHWDGDSHODQXFDQDSRQWDGRFDERGHDoR
³(XPDWHLHODPDWHLHOD
*ULWDQGR FRPR XP ORXFR VDL FRUUHQGR SHOR EHLUDL GD
FREHUWXUDHVHDWLUDQDUXD1mRVHQWHRHVWUpSLWRGRVHXFUkQLRDR
VHDUUHEHQWDU QR DVIDOWR TXDWUR DQGDUHV DEDL[R 0RUUHX LJXDO j
PmHFRPXPDH[SUHVVmRYHHPHQWHGHFULVSDomRHGHWHUURU
$ DYR]LQKD YLX DTXLOR WXGR VHP VH PH[HU GH VHX OXJDU
VHQWDGD QXP FDL[RWH GH PDGHLUD SRGUH 6HP ID]HU QHP XP
JHVWRIHFKRX RV ROKRV 1mR SRGLD YLYHU PDLV -i HUD GHPDLV 2
FRUDomR GHOD SDURX &DLX SDUD WUiV H ILFRX UHFRVWDGD QD SDUHGH
LPSiYLGDFRPRXPDP~PLD
5H\ QmR KDYLD VDtGR GH VHX HVFRQGHULMR DWUiV GR
JDOLQKHLUR
)RL WXGR UDSLGtVVLPR H DLQGD HVWDYD FRP R SLQWR GXUR
IHLWRXPSDX*XDUGRXRFRPRS{GHHFRORFRXRHQWUHDVFR[DV
SDUDSUHQGrORHQmRID]HUYROXPHDWpEDL[DUVR]LQKR)LFRXVHP
IDOD
)RLDWpREHLUDLGDFREHUWXUDHROKRX/iHVWDYDVHXLUPmR
HVWDWHODGR QR PHLR GD UXD URGHDGR GH JHQWH GH SROLFLDLV R
WUiIHJRSDUDGRGHXPODGRHRXWURGD6DQ/i]DUR
1XP LQVWDQWH RV SROLFLDLV FKHJDUDP j FREHUWXUD
9LQKDPEHOLFRVRV
³2TXHDFRQWHFHXDTXL"
5H\QmRFRQVHJXLXUHVSRQGHU(QFROKHX RV RPEURV H VH
S{VDVRUULUSDUDRVSROLFLDLV2VVXMHLWRVILFDUDPERTXLDEHUWRV
³(YRFrDLQGDUL"2TXHIRLTXHYRFrIH]"9DPRVOi
GLJDDt2TXHIRLTXHYRFrIH]"
5LX GH QRYR WLQKD D PHQWH HP EUDQFR PDV DILQDO
FRQVHJXLXGL]HU
³1DGDQDGD(XQmRVHL
³&RPRQmRVDEH"2TXHYRFrIH]"
³1DGD(XQmRVHL
)RL DOJHPDGR /HYDGR SHOD HVFDGD (PSXUUDGR SDUD
GHQWUR GD UDGLRSDWUXOKD DWp D GHOHJDFLD GH SROtFLD D XPDV
TXDGUDVGDOL )RL SUHVR QXPD FHOD QR SRUmR MXQWR FRP WUrV
GHOLQTHQWHV(DOLILFRX6HPSHQVDUHPQDGDPRGRUUHQWR
2V WpFQLFRV GH FULPLQDOtVWLFD GHPRUDUDP WUrV KRUDV
SDUDFKHJDU D 6DQ /i]DUR 7UDEDOKDUDP HVFUXSXORVDPHQWH D
WDUGHWRGD /HYDQWDUDP R FDGiYHU GH 1HOVRQ jV FLQFR KRUDV H R
OHYDUDP SDUD R QHFURWpULR MXQWR FRP R GD DYy &RP HOD
GHPRUDUDP XP SRXFR PDLV -i HUD GH QRLWH TXDQGR UHVROYHUDP
GHVHQJDQFKiOD GR FDER GH DoR H PDQGiOD SDUD R QHFURWpULR
(UDHYLGHQWH TXH DOJXpP KDYLD HPSXUUDGR YLROHQWDPHQWH R
UDSD]GDFREHUWXUDH D PXOKHU GHFRVWDV FRQWUD R JDOLQKHLUR $
YHOKLQKD PRUUHX GH XPD SDUDGD FDUGtDFD VHP YLROrQFLD 6y TXH
QmRKDYLD WHVWHPXQKDV 1LQJXpP YLX QDGD ( VHPSUH D PHVPD
FRLVDQHVVHEDLUUR1LQJXpPYrQDGD-DPDLVXPDWHVWHPXQKD
,QWHUURJDUDP 5H\ GXUDQWH WUrV GLDV (VWDYD DWXUGLGR H
UHSHWLDXPDYH]RXRXWUDDPHVPDFRLVD
³1mRVHLQmRYLQDGD
³ 2QGH p TXH YRFr HVWDYD" 2 TXH IL]HUDP FRP YRFr"
3RUTXHPDWRXHOHV"
³1mRVHL(XQmRYLQDGD
5H\ WLQKD WUH]H DQRV 1mR SRGLD LU D MXOJDPHQWR
0DQGDUDPQR SDUD XP UHIRUPDWyULR GH PHQRUHV QRV DUUHGRUHV
GH+DYDQD
3HOR PHQRV HUD XP OXJDU PXLWR OLPSR FRP R FKmR
EULOKDQGR HWRGRV GH XQLIRUPH OLPSR )RL H[DPLQDGR SRU XP
PpGLFR XPGHQWLVWD XP SVLFyORJR XP LQVWUXWRU SROLFLDO XP
SURIHVVRU5H\JHORXGLDQWHGDTXHODJHQWH(VFRQGHXWXGRRTXH
VHQWLD H VHHPSHQKRX HP HQFRQWUDU VLVWHPDWLFDPHQWH XPD
PDQHLUDGHHVFDSDU1mRDJHQWDYDDTXHODPHUGDGHSHGLUOLFHQoD
D WRGDKRUD GH OHYDQWDU GH PDGUXJDGD SDUD ID]HU H[HUFtFLR GH
VHQWDUGHQRYRQXPDFODVVHSDUDHVFXWDUFRLVDVTXHQmRHQWHQGLD
QHPTXHULDHQWHQGHU'HSRLVGHWUrVRXTXDWURGLDVDOLXPQHJUR
XQVGRLVDQRVPDLVYHOKRTXHHOH IRUWH H JUDQGH PRVWURXOKH R
SDXQRV FKXYHLURV 8P SDX HQRUPH )RL FKHJDQGR SHUWR GHOH
DEDQDQGRDTXHOHELFKmRFRPDPmRGLUHLWD
³ 2OKH PXODWLQKR R TXH YRFr DFKD GHVWH ELFKR DTXL"
4XHEXQGLQKDOLQGDYRFrWHP
VRFRV
5H\QmRGHL[RXTXHWHUPLQDVVH3DUWLXSDUDFLPDGHOHDRV
0DVRGHVJUDoDGRGRQHJURHVWDYDHQVDERDGRHRVVRFRV
HVFRUUHJDYDP 2V RXWURV URGHDUDP RV GRLV H FRPHoDUDP D
DSRVWDU
³(XSRQKRFLQFRQRQHJUR2PXODWRHVWiSHUGLGR
³3RQKRWUrVQRPXODWRWUrVQRPXODWR
/RJR FKHJDUDP TXDWUR JXDUGDV GLVWULEXLQGR SRUUDGDV D
WRUWRHDGLUHLWR$SDUWDUDPRVGRLV5HFHEHUDPRUGHPGHYHVWLU
Vy DVFDOoDV H IRUDP OHYDGRV SDUD RV FDODERXoRV GH FDVWLJR
(VFXULGmRDEVROXWD TXDVH VHP HVSDoR SDUD VH PH[HU XPLGDGH
SHUPDQHQWHUDWRVHEDUDWDV3HUGHXDQRomRGRWHPSR1mRVDELD
VHHUDGHGLDRXGHQRLWH4XDQGRQmRDJHQWDYDPDLVGHIRPHH
VHGHWURX[HUDPXPDMDUUDGH iJXD H XP SUDWR GHDOXPtQLR FRP
XPSRXFR GH DUUR] H IHLMmR FRP FDOGR 5HSHWLUDP D PHVPD
GLHWDXPDV TXDWUR RX FLQFR YH]HV (QILP R WLUDUDP H
UHLQWHJUDUDPDRJUXSR9ROWRXDVHVHQWLUXPDSHVVRDSRUTXHQR
FDODERXoRMiHVWDYDFRPFKHLURGHEDUDWDSHQVDQGRHVHVHQWLQGR
LJXDO D XPDEDUDWD 2 LQVWUXWRU TXH FXLGDYD GHOH R OHYRX DR
HVFULWyULR6HQWRXVHDWUiVGHXPDHVFULYDQLQKDHRGHL[RXGHSpj
VXDIUHQWH
³2TXHDFRQWHFHXFRPYRFr"
³$TXHOHQHJURTXHULDFRPHURPHXHX
³ 6H H[SUHVVH FRUUHWDPHQWH $TXL QLQJXpP p QHJUR
QHPEUDQFRQHPPXODWR6mRWRGRVLQWHUQRV
³%RPGiQDPHVPDWURTXHQHJURSRULQWHUQR
³9RFrVHDFKDVLPSiWLFR"
³(VWRXID]HQGRXPDSHUJXQWD5HVSRQGD
³1mR(XQmRVRXVLPSiWLFR
³9RXDYLVDUXPDFRLVD
HX VRX VHX LQVWUXWRU 6RX HX TXHUHVROYR TXDQWR WHPSR
YRFrYDLILFDUDTXL(VWiFRPWUH]HDQRV
6H FRQWLQXDU EULJDQGR H DUPDQGR FRQIXVmR YDL FKHJDU
DRV GH]RLWR DTXL GHQWUR H DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH QR PHVPR GLD HP
TXH FRPSOHWDU GH]RLWR SDVVD SDUD D SULVmR (VWi FODUR" (
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH MRJDGR SDUD RV WXEDU}HV SUD VHU GHYRUDGR
(QWmRYRXIDODUXPDYH]Vy1mRYRXUHSHWLUYrVHFRODERUDHVH
FRPSRUWDEHPSDUDYHUVHSRGHPRVID]HUDOJXPDFRLVDSRUYRFr
(VHSRQGRGHSp&RPDUPDUFLDO
³5HWLUHVH9ROWHSDUDRVHXJUXSR
5H\ GHX PHLDYROWD H VDLX GD VDOD )RL VH VHQWDU QXP
EDQFRQRSiWLRLQWHUQRGRUHIRUPDWyULR(VHPURGHLRVSHQVRX
GLUHWDPHQWHTXDOHUDDUHJUDGRMRJR
´(QWmR DTXL D JHQWH WHP GH VHUPXLWR GXUmR SDUD
QLQJXpPFRPHUVHXHXPDVVHPRFDUDSHUFHEHU2TXHLHXYRX
HPIUHQWHµ
/HYDQWRXVH GR EDQFR H IRL SDUD R DORMDPHQWR $
SDUWLUGDtQXQFDPDLVGHXULVDGDFRPQLQJXpPQHPIH]DPLJRV
$SUHQGHXD ID]HU WDWXDJHQV ROKDQGR XP EUDQTXLQKR ERFy TXH
VDELD GHVHQKDU 3RU VRUWH R QHJUR QmR FKHJRX PDLV SHUWR GHOH
1mRHUDWmRGXUmRTXDQWRSDUHFLD'HWRGRMHLWRDSRQWRXHDILRX
XPDHVFRYD GH GHQWHV TXH JXDUGDYD HVFRQGLGD QR FROFKRQHWH
­VYH]HV SHJDYD D HVFRYD H WHVWDYD VXD SRQWD &RP DTXLOR
FRQVHJXLULDDWUDYHVVDURFRUDomRGHTXHPDSDUHFHVVHSDUDDEXVDU
GHOH
7LQKD YRQWDGH GH HQILDU QR SHVFRoR GR QHJUR H
HVFDUDIXQFKDUEHP DWp FRUWDU WRGDV DV YHLDV H DFDEDU FRP R
VDQJXHGHOH7LQKDyGLRGRQHJUR$FKRXTXHHOHHUDELFKDHTXH
SRGLD FRPHU VXDEXQGD H GHVSUHVWLJLiOR QD IUHQWH GH WRGR
PXQGR1DGDGLVVR
(OH HUD XP FDUD GXUmR 1mR FRQVHJXLD HVTXHFHU R
FDODERXoRTXHWHYHGHDJHQWDUSRUFDXVDGDTXHOHQHJURERIHGH
YHDGRPDVLDVDLUGDOLVHPPDLVSUREOHPDV'HQRLWHEDWLDXPD
SXQKHWDSHQVDQGRQDPXODWLQKDSXWDHTXDQGRJR]DYDGL]LD
´9RXFRPHUVXD ERFHWD SXWD YRX FRPHU YRFr $LQGD
VDLRGDTXLµ
'HPDQKmLDjVDXODV3DUDQDGD1mRVHLQWHUHVVDYD
SHORVSURIHVVRUHV 'H WDUGH WUDEDOKDYD QRV FtWULFRV 8PD
SODQWDomRHQRUPH GH ODUDQMD H OLPmR FHUFDYD R UHIRUPDWyULR
'HSRLVWRPDYDEDQKR1mRWLQKDFRVWXPHGHWRPDUEDQKRWRGR
GLD QHP JRVWDYD GH iJXD H VDEmR PDV HUD REULJDGR &RPLD
DTXHOH SRXTXLQKR GH FRPLGD KRUUtYHO 4XDVH VHPSUH XPDV
FROKHUDGDVGHDUUR]IHLMmRHXPSHGDoRGHEDWDWDRXEDWDWDGRFH
$VVLVWLD XP SRXFRGH WHOHYLVmR ­V QRYH WRGR PXQGR GHLWDYD H
EDWLDDVXDSXQKHWD
$OJXQVDSURYHLWDYDPRHVFXURSDUDFRPHURVPDLVIUDFRV
(OHRVRXYLDUHVIROHJDQGR8POHYDQGRQRFXRRXWURVROWDQGRD
SRUUD
8PSDUGHYH]HVPHWHXFRPXPDVELFKDVPDVQmRWLQKD
PXLWRLQWHUHVVH QHODV *RVWDYD GDV PXOKHUHV 1D HVFROD WLQKD
HVWDGRFRPGXDVPHQLQDV$VGXDVGLVVHUDPDPHVPDFRLVD
´9RFr IHGHVRYDFR 6HPSUH FRP FKHLUR GH VRYDFR QmR
VH ODYD QXQFD e PXLWRSRUFRµ (OH QXQFD HVTXHFLD GHODV 2V
SHLWRVGXURVDERFHWDSHO~FLDDVQiGHJDVRURVWRERQLWRFDEHOR
FRPSULGR YR] VXDYH RVEHLMRV DKKK WLQKD GH VDLU GDOL &RP
FDOPD $Wp DJRUD DV FRLVDV HVWDYDP LQGR EHP 1mR IDODYD FRP
QLQJXpP/HPEUDYDGHVXDDYyVLOHQFLRVDHGL]LDSDUDVLPHVPR
´$VVLPpPHOKRU1mRIDODUFRPQLQJXpP3UDQmR PH
IRGHUHPµ
6y VH FKHJDYD HUD QR FDUD GDV WDWXDJHQV (OH DV ID]LD
FRPXP DOILQHWH )DEULFDYD D WLQWD FRP VDEmR H IXOLJHP GH XP
ODPSLmR GH TXHURVHQH /HYDYD GRLV GLDV SDUD ID]HU XP
GHVHQKRHVFRQGLGR GRV JXDUGDV 3RQWR D SRQWR FRP PXLWD
SDFLrQFLD
5H\ILFDYDROKDQGRFRPRHUDDTXLOR2FDUDFREUDYDGRLV
RX WUrVPDoRV GH FLJDUUR RX XPD FDPLVHWD XPD FDQHWD
HVIHURJUiILFD
$OJXPD FRLVD TXDOTXHU FRLVD 7XGR EHP QmR HUD PDX
QHJyFLR
&RQVHJXLXXPDFDQHWDHPSUHVWDGDGHVHQKRXXPDSRPED
YRDQGRQDSDUWHGHGHQWURGRDQWHEUDoRSHUWRGRSXOVR$OLRV
JXDUGDVQmRLDPYHUHQmRLDPSHUJXQWDUQDGD3HGLXSDUDRFDUD
RDOILQHWH HPSUHVWDGR (OH QmR TXLV GDU 3HJRX R FDUD SHODV
RUHOKDV H R MRJRX QR FKmR 2 FDUD GHX R DOILQHWH VHP DEULU D
ERFD
3HJRX R ODPSLmR H R VDEmR H IRL WDWXDU VXD SRPED $V
DOILQHWDGDV GRtDP PDV HOH JRVWDYD GDTXLOR )LFRX ERD SUHWD H
QtWLGD
6HQmRIRVVHSHORVJXDUGDVFRQWLQXDULDSLQWDQGRRFRUSR
LQWHLURPDVQmRTXHULDPDLVSUREOHPDVFRPRLQVWUXWRU
1R RXWUR GLD XP EUDQTXLQKR GH FDEHOR UXLP GLVVH
TXHTXHULDID]HUXPDWDWXDJHPGHSRPEDLJXDOjGHOH
³2TXHYRFrPHGi"
³8PPDoRGHFLJDUUR
³1mR8PDSRPEDGiPXLWRWUDEDOKR
GLDV
³'RXXPPDoRDJRUDHPDLVRXWURGHQWURGHTXLQ]H
³7XGREHP
8P PrV GHSRLV WLQKD IHLWR WUrV WDWXDJHQV LQFOXVLYH
XPD9LUJHQ GH ,D &DULGDG GHL &REUH H HUD R GRQR GR QHJyFLR
)RLILFDQGR WXGR XP SRXFR PDLV IiFLO (UD UHVSHLWDGR
1LQJXpPFKHJDYDSHUWRSDUDIDODUEREDJHP$URWLQDpLGHDOSDUD
ID]HURWHPSRSDVVDU)LFRXJRVWDQGRGHPDFRQKD­VYH]HVQRV
ODUDQMDLVIXPDYDGHSUHVVDXPEDVHDGLQKRTXDQGRRVJXDUGDVVH
DIDVWDYDP R VXILFLHQWH *RVWDYD GDTXHOD OHWDUJLD 1D YHUGDGH
GHWHVWDYD D HVFROD GH PDQKm ( GHWHVWDYD DLQGD PDLV WUDEDOKDU
GHWDUGH H WRPDU EDQKR VHPSUH H FRPHU H GRUPLU WRGR GLD j
PHVPDKRUD &RPR XP ELFKLQKR 8PD YH] GHX XP SHLGR QR
UHIHLWyULRGXUDQWHDUHIHLomRHTXDVHIRLSDUDUQRFDODERXoR$Wp
SHLGDUHUDSURLELGRDOL3RUUDDVVLPQmRGiSDUDYLYHU
'XUDQWH DOJXP WHPSR SHQVRX TXH QR ODUDQMDO GDYD
SDUDHVFDSDU 6HP IDODU FRP QLQJXpP IRL DQDOLVDQGR R WHUUHQR
3DVVRXPHVHV FRP HVVD LGpLD $Wp TXH GHVLVWLX 2QGH PHQRV VH
LPDJLQDYD KDYLD XP JXDUGD FRQWURODQGR XP ERP SHGDoR GH
WHUUHQR(WLQKDWDPEpPRVFDFKRUURV1mR7HYHGHGHVLVWLUGD
LGpLD
'HSRLV GH DEDQGRQDU R SODQR GH IXJD LQWHUHVVRXVH
SHODVSpURODVQDJODQGH1DHQIHUPDULDKDYLDVHPSUHDOJXpPFRP
DIHULGDLQIHFFLRQDGD(VVHVWLQKDPD]DU
WUDWDYDP GD LQIHFomRGHOHV GHSRLV RV RSHUDYDP H
H[WUDtDP DV SpURODV 0DV PXLWRV VDUDYDP EHP H QLQJXpP ILFDYD
VDEHQGR$OJXQVSXQKDPDWpWUrVSpURODV1mRHUDPH[DWDPHQWH
SpURODV (UDP EROLQKDV GH DoRGH URODPHQWR GH ELFLFOHWD 'RLV
FDUDV ID]LDP DTXLOR 8PD WDUGHGH GRPLQJR YLX FRPR HOHV
ID]LDP
SHJDYDPRSrQLVGR´SDFLHQWHµGHVLQIHWDYDPFRPiOFRRO
H ID]LDP XPD LQFLVmR SRU FLPDQD SHOH SHUWR GD FDEHoD
3X[DYDP HVVD SHOH ID]LDP DLQFLVmRSXQKDP XPD GXDV RX WUrV
EROLQKDV3XQKDPDSHOHGHQRYRQROXJDUHIHFKDYDPWXGRFRP
HVSDUDGUDSR SDUD FLFDWUL]DU /LPSDYDP R IHULPHQWR GLDULDPHQWH
FRP iOFRRO 8VDYDP XPD OkPLQD SOiVWLFD GH HVFRYD GH GHQWHV
(PXPDVHPDQDHVWDYDSURQWR
FXUDGRRXLQIHFFLRQDGR6HWLQKDGHLUSDUDDHQIHUPDULD
RSDFLHQWHGL]LDTXHWLQKDIHLWRVR]LQKR
&RQWDYDPKLVWyULDVGHFRPRDVPXOKHUHVILFDPORXFDV
FRPHVVDVSpURODVQDJODQGH´SHUORQDVµQRMDUJmRGRSUHVtGLR
³ 4XDQGR VH VDEH XVDU DV PLQDV ILFDP ORXFDV FDUD
³GLVVHOKHXPGRVTXHID]LDPDRSHUDomR
³4XDQWRpTXHYRFrFREUDLVVRDt"³5H\SHUJXQWRX
³4XDQWDVYRFrTXHUERWDU"
³'XDV
³ 9DPRV ID]HU XP DFHUWR 9RFr PH ID] XPD
WDWXDJHPGHVDQWD%iUEDUDQDVFRVWDV*UDQGH4XHPHSHJXHDV
FRVWDVLQWHLUDV(SURQWR
³2TXHL3ULPHLURYRFrPH S}HDV SpURODV H TXDQGR
WLYHUFXUDGRHXIDoRDWDWXDJHP
5H\HUD XP PXODWR PDJUR GH HVWDWXUD QRUPDO QHP
IHLRQHPERQLWRTXHQmRVHOHPEUDYDGHWHUFRPLGRFDUQHQXQFD
1HPGHSRUFR6HDOJXPDYH]SURYRXIRLGHSHTXHQRH
QmRVHOHPEUDYD0HVPRDVVLPQmRWLQKDPiVD~GH3XVHUDPOKH
DVGXDV ERODV GH DoR TXH LQVLVWLDP HP FKDPDU GH ´SpURODVµ
1mRVDLX PXLWR VDQJXH 7RPRX XP JROH GH iOFRRO SDUD
DJHQWDUPHOKRUDGRU4XDWURGLDVGHSRLVDIHULGDHVWDYDFXUDGD
4XDQGRVDtVVH SDUD D UXD SRGLD GL]HU SDUD DV PLQDV TXH HUD
PDULQKHLURH TXH WLQKD FRORFDGR DV SHUORQDV QD &KLQD (UD LVVR
TXH GL]LDPWRGRV RV SUHVLGLiULRV TXH WLQKDP SpURODV QD JODQGH
1LQJXpPGL]LDTXHDQGRXJXDUGDGRQR´WDQTXHµ1LQJXpPGL]LD
D YHUGDGH ´1HVWH PXQGR QLQJXpP GL] D YHUGDGH ) WXGR
PHQWLUD3RUTXHHXYRXGL]HUDYHUGDGH"4XHQDGD0DULQKHLUR
( RV PDULQKHLURV VHPSUH WrP SHVRV H DV PLQDV YmR DWUiV GHOHV
IHLWRPRVFDQRDo~FDUµSHQVDYD
'H UHVWR IRL WXGR FKDWR QR UHIRUPDWyULR 'H WHPSRV
HPWHPSRV R LQVWUXWRU R OHYDYD DWp R HVFULWyULR H WHQWDYD
GHVFREULURTXHDFRQWHFHUDDTXHODPDQKmQDFREHUWXUD
³ 0H FRQWH R TXH DFRQWHFHX 0H DMXGH D UHVROYHU R
VHXFDVR
$V SDODYUDV QmR OKH YLQKDP QmR FRQVHJXLD &DGD YH]
TXHDTXHOD FHQD HVWDYD VH DSDJDQGR QD VXD FDEHoD YLQKD R
VXMHLWRFRPDTXHODHQFKHomRSHGLQGRTXHOHPEUDVVH
³1mRQmRVHLQmRVHL
³&RPRQmRVDEHUDSD]"
³1mR1mRVHL
2V PHVHV FRQWLQXDUDP SDVVDQGR FRP D PHVPD
PRQRWRQLDGH VHPSUH 3DVVDUDP WUrV DQRV H HOH FRPSOHWRX
GH]HVVHLV7UDQTLORVHPXPDYLVLWDQXQFD1mRWLQKDQLQJXpP
'HYLGRDVHXFDUiWHUDPDUJXUDGRHUHVHUYDGRWDPEpPQmRWLQKD
DPLJRV(VWDYDVHPSUHVR]LQKR8PGLDRVFKHIHVGLVVHUDPTXH
DV ODUDQMHLUDVHVWDYDP PDOFXLGDGDV 5HRUJDQL]DUDP RV JUXSRV GH
WUDEDOKR 2JUXSR TXH REWLYHVVH PHOKRUHV UHVXOWDGRV JDQKDULD
XPDH[FXUVmRjSUDLD8PDH[FXUVmRjSUDLD"3DUDTXr"(OHQmR
VDELDQDGDU
1mR OKH LQWHUHVVDYD HVVD YLDJHP j SUDLD H FRQWLQXRX QR
PHVPRULWPRGHVHPSUH
DQGDQGR SRU LQpUFLD WUDEDOKDQGR R PHQRV SRVVtYHO
ID]HQGRDVWDWXDJHQVHPDQGDQGRYHUQXPDEDJDQDGHPDFRQKD
TXDQGRGDYD8PDPDQKmUHXQLUDPWRGRVHFXPSULPHQWDUDPR
JUXSRGHTXH5H\ID]LDSDUWH
HUDP RV PHOKRUHV H R SUrPLRFRQVLVWLD HP SDVVHDU
ViEDGRjQRLWHHP*XDQDEDFRD8POX[RHWDQWR8PDRUTXHVWUD
GH VDOVD LD VH DSUHVHQWDU QD FDVD GH FXOWXUD 2 FKHIH GR JUXSR
SHGLXOLFHQoDSDUDIDODU
³ 2 SUrPLR HUD XP GLD LQWHLUR QD SUDLD SHOR TXH
GLVVHUDP
³1mR,VVRYDLVHURXWURGLD
³&HUWR3HUPLVVmRSDUDVHQWDU
³&RQFHGLGD
3DUD 5H\ WDQWR ID]LD 1mR VDELD QHP QDGDU QHP
GDQoDUQHPJRVWDYDGHP~VLFDQHPJRVWDYDGHiJXDHQWmRTXH
IRVVHPWRPDU QR HX 1mR JRVWRX GDTXHOH SUrPLR PL[XUXFD
7LQKD GHLU SRUTXH HUD REULJDWyULR PDV ILFDULD VHQWDGR QXP
FDQWR DWp WHUPLQDU DTXHOD PHUGD )LFRX GH PDX KXPRU YiULRV
GLDV 1R ViEDGR ILFRX DLQGD PDLV EUDYR PDV QmR TXHULD SHGLU
OLFHQoD SDUDSHUPDQHFHU QR DORMDPHQWR SRUTXH QmR LDP GDU 6y
FRP GLDUUpLD RX FRP TXDUHQWD JUDXV GH IHEUH FRQVHJXLULD ILFDU
6XELX QR{QLEXV WUDQTLODPHQWH ,DP TXDWUR JXDUGDV MXQWR FRP
HOHV
&KHJDUDP j FDVD GH FXOWXUD 6HQWDUDP WRGRV MXQWRV H RV
JXDUGDVILFDUDPQRVFRUUHGRUHV/RJRGHSRLVFKHJRXDRUTXHVWUD
HHPVHJXLGDFRPHoRXRFRQFHUWR7RFDYDPEHP8PDERDVDOVD
2OXJDUFRPHoRXDILFDUFKHLRDWpRWHWRGHJHQWHMRYHP
7RGRVGDQoDQGR PHQRV HOHV (UDP YLQWH H WUrV LQWHUQRV
YHVWLGRVGHFLQ]D0HQLQRVHQWUHWUH]HHGH]RLWRDQRV'DQoDQGR
QDV FDGHLUDV DQVLRVRV ROKDQGR DV PHQLQLQKDV TXH GDQoDYDP
PHQHDQGRPXLWR D FLQWXUD FRP DV VDLDV FXUWDV H PRVWUDQGR R
XPELJR $JRUDD PRGD HUD PRVWUDU R XPELJR 2V JXDUGDV
WDPEpP WLQKDP UHOD[DGR H GDQoDYDP XP SRXTXLQKR PDV
SRXFR VHP SHUGHU R FRQWUROH H VHP VDLU GH VHXV SRVWRV 2
HURWLVPR GD GDQoD LQXQGDYD RVDOmR H D P~VLFD LQFHVVDQWH
HVWLPXODYDRVVHQWLGRVPDV5H\FRQWLQXDYDGHSpVVLPRKXPRUH
DOpPGLVVRFRPYRQWDGHGHPLMDU8PGHVHMRXUJHQWHGHPLMDU­
GLUHLWD GD VDOD QD SDUWH GHWUiV KDYLD XP EDQKHLUR GH KRPHQV
3HGLXOLFHQoDSDUDLU
³3RGHYiHQmRGHPRUH
5H\ IRL DR EDQKHLUR 0LMRX 6DLX GH QRYR SDUD D VDOD
6HXJUXSR H RV JXDUGDV HVWDYDP QD SDUWH GD IUHQWH D XQV
TXDUHQWDPHWURVGHGLVWkQFLD2VDOmRORWDGRGHJHQWHEDUXOKHQWD
VXDQGR 7RGR PXQGR GDQoDQGR 1LQJXpP ROKDQGR SDUD R
EDQKHLUR 7UDQTLODPHQWH VHP SHQVDU HP QDGD 5H\ VDLX
DQGDQGR HPGLUHomR j SRUWD SULQFLSDO 1LQJXpP ROKRX SDUD HOH
QLQJXpPOKHSHUJXQWRXQDGDHFRQWLQXRXDQGDQGRSHODFDOoDGD
SDUDTXDOTXHU OXJDU 1mR VDELD DRQGH LU QHP SRU TXH HVWDYD
ID]HQGR DTXLOR 6DLX GR SRYRDGR SDVVRX QD IUHQWH GH XP
FHPLWpULR
$ QRLWH HVWDYD PXLWR HVFXUD (OH JRVWDYD GDTXLOR ,D
GHYDJDU SDVVHDQGR VHP SUHVVD 'HSRLV GR FHPLWpULR KDYLD XP
JUXSR GHFDVDV GH DPERV RV ODGRV GD HVWUDGD 1XP YDUDO KDYLD
FDPLVDVVHFDQGRXPVKRUWHXPDFDPLVHWD$VSHVVRDVGRUPLDP
FHGRSRU DOL ´3RUUD LVVR p XP SUHVHQWLQKR SUD PLPµ &DWRX
DTXHODURXSD H VHJXLX HP IUHQWH 0DLV DGLDQWH WURFRX GH URXSD
MRJRXRXQLIRUPHFLQ]HQWRQXPDYDOHWD$JRUDLDHPWUDMHVFLYLV
HPERUDGHFDEHoDUDVSDGDPDVHVWDYDQDPRGDUDVSDUDFDEHoD
PXLWRV KRPHQV XVDYDP &RQWLQXRX DQGDQGR VHP SUHVVD SHOD
HVWUDGDHVFXUD/iORQJHjHVTXHUGDYLDVHRIDUROGDUHILQDULDH
PDLVDGLDQWH DV OX]HV GD FLGDGH 6HUi TXH HVWDYDP SURFXUDQGR
SRUHOH" %RP VH R SHJDVVHP LD SDUD R FDODERXoR GH FDEHoD
$TXLORVLPHUDJUDYH0DVQmR1mRWLQKDPFRPRHQFRQWUiOR
$OpPGLVVRWDQWRID]LD´1RILPµSHQVDYD´QmRWHQKRQDGDSDUD
ID]HUQHPDTXLIRUDQHPOiGHQWUR3DUDTXHDJHQWHQDVFH"3DUD
PRUUHU GHSRLV" 6H QmR WHP QDGD SDUD ID]HU 1mR HQWHQGR SDUD
TXHSDVVDUSRUWRGRHVVHWUDEDOKR9LYHUGLVSXWDUFRPRVRXWURV
SUDQmRIRGHUHPYRFrHQRILPGHWXGRDPHUGD$KKWDQWRID]
HVWDUDTXLIRUDFRPROiGHQWURµ
$QGRX DWp FDQVDU -i HVWDYD SHUWR GR SRUWR 'DOL VH
YLDPRVEDUFRVEHPLOXPLQDGRV QRPHLRGDEDtD(UDXPD]RQD
GHIiEULFDVDUPD]pQVHQRUPHVH[WHQV}HVFREHUWDVGHVXFDWDFRP
PDWRFUHVFHQGR HP YROWD FDUURFHULDV GH FDUURV EDWLGRV
FRQWrLQHUHVPHWiOLFRVDSRGUHFLGRVWXGRDEDQGRQDGRHGHVRODGR
6HP XPDDOPD 7LQKD VRQR H VH HQILRX QR PHLR GD IHUUXJHP H
GRV DUEXVWRV GDTXHOH OXJDU HVFXUR H VLOHQFLRVR $FRPRGRXVH
GHQWUR GHXP FRQWrLQHU YHOKR ORQJH GD HVWUDGD $OL QLQJXpP R
YHULD(GRUPLX
4XDQGR DFRUGRX R VRO HVWDYD DOWR H TXHQWH )LFRX
TXLHWRHVFXWDQGRDOHUWDLPyYHO)RLLGHQWLILFDQGRRVUXtGRV
FDPLQK}HV TXH LDP H YLQKDP SHOD HVWUDGD XPD PLVWXUD
GH ]XPELGRV GDV IiEULFDV XP EDWHGRU SQHXPiWLFR XQV JULWRV
7XGRORQJH
0XLWR PDLV SHUWR R SLDU GH YiULRV WLSRV GH SiVVDURV
7DOYH] FDQWDVVHP SRXVDGRV QXPDV iUYRUHV IURQGRVDV D SRXFRV
PHWURV 8PDUDMDGD GH DU IUHVFR R WLURX GD PRGRUUD
(VSUHJXLoRXVH ERFHMRXH S{VVH GH Sp &RP PXLWR FXLGDGR
ROKRX HP WRUQR H JRVWRXGR TXH YLX XP PDU GH VXFDWD
HQIHUUXMDGD H UHWRUFLGD PDWRDOJXPDV iUYRUHV WUDQTLOLGDGH H
VLOrQFLR $R ORQJH GLYLVDYDPVH XPDV IiEULFDV SHTXHQDV H
GHVFHQGRXPDSHTXHQDHQFRVWDjVXDIUHQWHDEDtDFRPSRXFRV
EDUFRV IXQGHDGRV HVSHUDQGR DYH] $ EULOKDQWH OX] VRODU R
FHJDYD PDV ID]HQGR XP HVIRUoR YLXDR ORQJH YiULDV SHVVRDV
UHYLUDQGR XP GHSyVLWR GH OL[R FULDQoDVH DGXOWRV (VWDYD FRP
IRPH H SHQVRX TXH WDOYH] QR OL[mR SXGHVVH HQFRQWUDU DOJXPD
FRLVD (VSHURX TXH IRVVHP HPERUD PDVLDP XQV H DSDUHFLDP
RXWURV$QRLWHFHXHYLXXPDOX]LQKDQDGLUHomRGROL[mR4XHP
VDEH KDYLDDOJXpP TXH SXGHVVH OKH GDUDOJXPD FRLVD GH FRPHU
$SUR[LPRXVH VRUUDWHLUDPHQWH VHPUXtGR (UDP WUrV KRPHQV H
XPD PXOKHU PXLWR VXMRV 7DOYH] RVPHVPRV YDGLRV TXH YLUD
GXUDQWH R GLD DOL QR OL[mR 7LQKDP FDUDGH JHQWH ERD (VWDYDP
TXLHWRV H XP ODPSLmR LOXPLQDYD EHP QRPHLR GD HVFXULGmR )RL
GLItFLOPDVSRUILPVHGHFLGLX$SUR[LPRXVHHFXPSULPHQWRX
³%RDQRLWH
2OKDUDPSDUDHOHHQmRUHVSRQGHUDP(UDPLPXQGRVH
ILFDUDPHPJXDUGDWHQVRV
³7HPDOJXPDFRLVDGHFRPHUTXH"
³1mR³LQWHUURPSHXXPGRVKRPHQV
2XWURVHS{VGHSpFRPXPSHGDoRGHWiEXDQDPmR
$PHDoRX
³9iYiHPERUDGDTXL
5H\ VH DIDVWRX XQV SDVVRV VHP GDU DV FRVWDV SDUD R
VXMHLWRTXHDPHDoDYDHLQVLVWLX
³(TXHHXHVWRXFRPIRPH
³$JHQWHWDPEpP9iMiSDVVDGDTXL
³,VVRpFRLVDTXHVHIDODSUDFDFKRUUR
³(pLVVRTXHYRFrp)RUD)RUD
)RL SDUD D HVWUDGD 3DVVDUDP GRLV FDPLQK}HV SDUD
GHVFDUUHJDU QR OL[mR H OKH VRSUDUDP Sy QD FDUD ,DP GHSUHVVD
$WUiVYLQKDXPFDUURGHSDWUXOKDGDSROtFLD4XDQGRRYLXMiHUD
WDUGHGHPDLVSDUDVHHVFRQGHU2VXVWROKHGHXYRQWDGHGHFDJDU
PDV R FDUURSDVVRX YHOR]PHQWH SRU HOH 5HVSLURX DOLYLDGR 'RLV
VHJXQGRVGHSRLV D SROtFLD LQWHUFHSWRX RV FDPLQK}HV (OH VH
HQILRXQRPHLRGRPDWRSDUDFDJDU(VWDYDXPSRXFRFRQVWLSDGR
HVHXHXGRHX
)D]LD GLDV TXH QmR FDJDYD GH IRUPD TXH R VXVWR YDOHX
/LPSRXVHFRPXPSHGDoRGDFDPLVD9ROWRXDVHXHVFRQGHULMR
'DOL ILFRXREVHUYDQGR WXGR 3RXFRV PLQXWRV GHSRLV FKHJDUDP
PDLV GXDVSDWUXOKDV 5HYLVWDUDP RV FDPLQK}HV &RQYHUVDUDP
2OKDUDP RVGRFXPHQWRV (VSHUDUDP )DODUDP GH QRYR
)LQDOPHQWHVHIRUDP
&DGD XP SDUD VHX ODGR 2 TXH WHULD DFRQWHFLGR DOL" 5H\
ILFRX GRUPLQGR 4XDQGR GHVSHUWRX HVWDYD FRP XPD IRPH GH
FmR $LQGDHUD GH QRLWH /HYDQWRXVH H VDLX DQGDQGR GHYDJDU
1XQFDVHDSUHVVDYD3DUDTXr"
(VWDYD DPDQKHFHQGR TXDQGR YLX DV SULPHLUDV FDVDV
GH5HJLD (UD D SULPHLUD YH] TXH YLD HVVH SRYRDGLQKR GR RXWUR
ODGRGD EDtD (QTXDQWR YLYHX HP 6DQ /i]DUR QXQFD VDLX
GDTXHODVSRXFDVTXDGUDV2XYLDIDODUGH(O&HUURGH/X\DQyGH
5HJLDGH*XDQDEDFRDPDVQXQFDVHPH[HUDPGDOL'HSRLVWUrV
DQRVHWDQWRSUHVR
6HUi TXH HVWDYD VHQGR SURFXUDGR" %RP WDQWR ID]LD
6HQWRXVH QR EDWHQWH GH XPD SRUWD SDUD HVSHUDU DPDQKHFHU
(VWDYDDFRVWXPDGRDSDVVDUIRPH'HVGHVHPSUH4XDQWRWHPSR
ID]LDTXH QmR FRPLD QHP EHELD iJXD" 'XDV QRLWHV H XP GLD
)LFRXDOL PHLR DWXUGLGR UHFRVWDGR QD SDUHGH /RJR GHSRLV
DEULUDPXPD YHQGLQKD GH IULRV D SRXFRV PHWURV GHOH 3DVVDUDP
DOJXPDVSHVVRDV &KHJDYDP EHELDP FDIp $OJXQV FRPLDP XPD
HPSDQDGD $ IRPH D VHGH H D FDPLQKDGD R WLQKDP HVJRWDGR H
VHQWLDHQJXOKRVPDVIH]XPHVIRUoRHVHDUUDVWRXDWpOi(VWHQGHX
DPmR
´0H Gr XPD DMXGD SDUD FRPHUµ $V SHVVRDV ROKDYDP
SDUDHOH FRP QRMR FRPR VH HVWLYHVVHP YHQGR XP FDFKRUUR
VDUQHQWR2GRQRGREDURHVSDQWRX
´9i VXPD GDTXLµ $IDVWRXVHDOJXQV SDVVRV PDV
FRQWLQXRXFRPDPmRHVWHQGLGD
´8PD DMXGDSDUD FRPHUµ 8P QHJUR YHOKR SDURX H
ROKRX SDUD HOH 9HVWLDVHSREUHPHQWH H WLQKD WUrV FRODUHV
FRORULGRVQRSHVFRoR
³2TXHKiFRPYRFr"
VHQKRU
³ 0H Gr XPD DMXGD SDUD HX FRPHU DOJXPD FRLVD
³3RUTXHQmRYDLWUDEDOKDUUDSD]PRoRGHVVHMHLWR"
³0HDMXGHHVWRXFRPIRPH
2KRPHPOKHGHXXPDVPRHGDVHFRQWLQXRXDQGDQGR
5H\FRPSURX XPD HPSDQDGD 0DVWLJRX GHYDJDU 2 WURFR QmR
GHXSDUDXPUHIUHVFR/DUJRXDVPRHGDVQREDOFmR
³0HGrXPSRXTXLQKRGHUHIUHVFR
³1mRFXVWDXPSHVR$tVyWHPYLQWHFHQWDYRV9i
VXPDGDTXL-iIDOHLSDUDYRFrLUHPERUD
³0HGrXPSRXFRG
iJXD
³1mRWHPiJXD9iHPERUDQmRRXYLX"
$IDVWRXVHGHQRYRHFRQWLQXRXSHGLQGR1LQJXpPOKH
GHXQHP XPD PRHGD PDLV 2 VRO Mi HVWDYD DOWR &RPHoRX D
REVHUYDU XP FDIp HP IUHQWH 9HQGLDP SmR FRP FURTXHWH
UHIUHVFRVUXP FLJDUURV 6HQWRXVH QD FDOoDGD SDUD YHU VH
DFRQWHFLD DOJXPD FRLVD /RJR FKHJDUDP GRLV PHQGLJRV
5HYLVWDUDPDOL[HLUDDRODGRGREDU5HPH[HUDPSURFXUDUDPDWp
RIXQGR)RUDPHPERUDGHPmRVYD]LDV1XPDSDVVDJHPHQWUHR
EDU H R RXWURSUpGLR VDLX XP GRV DWHQGHQWHV H MRJRX UHVWRV GH
FRPLGD QXPEDOGH (UDP UHVWRV SDUD RV SRUFRV )HGHQGR D
FRPLGDSRGUH
1DTXHOHFDOGRDVTXHURVRERLDYDPXQVSHGDoRVGHSmR
UHVWRVGH FURTXHWH FDVFDV GH PDQJD 3HJRX WXGR H VDLX SDUD D
UXDHQJROLQGR DTXHOD SRUFDULD 8P PHQLQR YLX H JULWRX SDUD R
DWHQGHQWHGREDU
´7LRROKDHOHHVWiURXEDQGRRVUHVWRVµ2KRPHPDWUiV
GREDOFmRJULWRXSDUDHOH
´2 Yi VXPD GDTXL 1mR HQWUHPDLV DOLµ $SHVDU GRV
JULWRV5H\VRUULXHSHGLXXPFRSRGHiJXD
´1mR WHP iJXD QmR WHP QDGD -i GLVVH SDUD VH PDQGDU
GDTXLVHQmRFKDPRDSROtFLDµ
5H\ VH DIDVWRX GHSUHVVD QD GLUHomR GR FDLV -RJRXVH
QXPFDQWR H ILFRX ROKDQGR R HPEDUFDGRXUR GD EDUFD GH
SDVVDJHLURVHQWUH +DYDQD H 5HJLD 1D IUHQWH Ki XPD SUDFLQKD
DPSOD H DLJUHMD GD 9LUJHP GH 5HJLD (OH QmR VDELD QDGD GH
LJUHMDV QHPGH UHOLJLmR 1HP VXD PmH QHP VXD DYy QLQJXpP
MDPDLVWLQKDOKHIDODGRGRDVVXQWR1REDLUURPXLWDJHQWHXVDYD
FRODUHVKDYLDWRTXHVGHWDPERUDOWDUHV'HVGHPHQLQRYLXWXGR
DTXLOR PDVQmR WLQKD QDGD D YHU FRP HOH 3RU TXH DV SHVVRDV
IDULDPWXGRDTXLOR"(QWUDYDPHVDtDPGDLJUHMD4XHIDULDPDOL
GHQWUR"
6HQWRXVHQXPPXUR6XDYLGDFRUULDVHPSUHOHQWD
+RUDVHVSHUDQGRVHPID]HUQDGD'LDVVHPDQDVPHVHV
2WHPSRSDVVDQGRSRXFRDSRXFR3RUVRUWHQmRSHQVDYDPXLWR
1mR SHQVDYDTXDVH QDGD )LFDYD REVHUYDQGR HP YROWD
SULQFLSDOPHQWH DVPXOKHUHV 7UDQTLOR 1mR WLQKD QDGD SDUD
SHQVDU
8QV YHOKRV ErEDGRV YLQKDP YLQGR FDPEDOHDQGR SHOD
FDOoDGD UHSDUWLQGR XPD JDUUDID GH UXP 0XLWR PDJURV VXMRV
EDUEXGRV YHVWLGRV DSHQDV FRP IDUUDSRV PDV PXLWR DQLPDGRV
FRQYHUVDQGR RV WUrV DR PHVPR WHPSR XP IDODQGR HP FLPD GR
RXWUR
6HQWDUDPVH SHUWR GHOH H FRQWLQXDUDP D FKDFULQKD GH
ErEDGRVSURILVVLRQDLV 8P GHOHV ROKRX SDUD R UDSD] H ³
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH³5H\OKHHVWHQGHXDPmR
³0HGiDOJXPDFRLVDSUDFRPHU
2 EHEDGLQKR ROKRX SDUD HOH VpULR $IDVWRXVH XP
SRXFRSDUDIRFDOL]DUPHOKRUH³WRGRSRPSRVRFRQYHQFLGRGH
TXHHVWDYD GL]HQGR DOJXPD FRLVD LQHVTXHFtYHO ³ OHYDQWRX D
PmRGLUHLWDSDUDHQIDWL]DUDLQGDPDLV$UUDVWDQGRRVHUUHVGLVVH
³ 3ULPHLUD YH] QD KLVWyULD GD KXPDQLGDGH SULPHLUD
YH]QmR VH HVTXHoDP SULPHLUD YH] TXH XP PRUWR GH IRPH
SHGHHVPRODSDUDRXWURPRUWRGHIRPH
³3UDFRPHUDOJXPDFRLVDVHQKRU
³0DVRQGHpTXHYRFrWHPRROKR"1RHX"
³(TXHHXHVWRXFRPIRPH
³ $K D IRPH FR]LQKRX VXD FDEHoD 1mR HQ[HUJD
QHPHQWHQGH PDLV QDGD 2OKH DTXL HVFXWH ³ 3DVVRXOKH XP
EUDoRSHORVRPEURVHDSHUWRXFDPDUDGD³%HEDXPWUDJR1mR
WHPTXHFRPHUQDGD2TXHWHPTXHID]HUpEHEHUHHVTXHFHUDV
WULVWH]DV $V WULVWH]DV GH DPRU GH VD~GH H GH GLQKHLUR $ JHQWH
YHPQRPXQGRSUDVRIUHU1HVWHYDOHGHOiJULPDV
³(XQmRVRIURQDGD2TXHHXWHQKRpIRPH
³(VWiWRGRPXQGRFRPIRPHPDVWHPpTXHEHEHU
4XHUXPFLJDUUR"
³(XQmRIXPR
³8QLWUDJR%HED
³1mR
³ 3HJXH Dt PHQLQR EHED XP WUDJR 1mR VHMD
PDOFULDGR
5H\SHJRXDJDUUDIDHEHEHXXPJROHFXUWR(UDPDWD
UDWRVHFDLXFRPRXPDERPEDQRVHXHVW{PDJR
³eLVVRDt$JRUDSHJXHXPFLJDUUR
³1mRQmR0HGiDOJXPDFRLVDSUDFRPHU
³6yIDODHPFRPLGDSRUUD1mRWHPFRPLGD5XPH
FLJDUURpLVVRTXHWHP
5H\ VH OHYDQWRX H VH DIDVWRX XP SRXFR 1mR TXHULD
RXYLUVHUPmRGHErEDGRGHEDL[RGDTXHOHVRO
³9HQKDFiYHQKDFi³FKDPDUDPGHQRYR
2V WUrV ErEDGRV SURFXUDUDP QRV EROVRV -XQWDUDP
XPDVPRHGDVHOKHGHUDP(OHDFHLWRX
³2EULJDGR
GL]HU
³ 1mR QmR 2EULJDGR QmR (VFXWH R TXH HX YRX
KRPHP EHEH UXP 1mR VH SHGH GLQKHLUR SDUD FRPHU
7HPTXHEHEHUEHEHUHEHEHU
³6HLMiVHLPHGHL[H
5H\VDLXDQGDQGRSDUDRFDIpHPIUHQWHSHQVDQGR
´(VWmRSLRUTXHHX6HPSUHWHPDOJXpPSLRUTXHDJHQWH
3HOR PHQRVHX QmR VRX ErEDGRµ &RPSURX UHIUHVFR H XQV SmHV
FRP FURTXHWH 8PD SL]]D FXVWDYD FLQFR SHVRV 1mR GDYD SDUD
WDQWR
1DTXHODQRLWHQmRWHYHIRUoDVSDUDID]HURFDPLQKRGH
YROWDSDUDRIHUURYHOKR(QFRVWRXVHQXPDiUYRUHQRMDUGLPGD
LJUHMD ( GRUPLX 'HVSHUWRX FRP XQV WLURV j PHLDQRLWH 1D
EUXPDGR VRQR YLX GRLV SROLFLDLV FRUUHQGR DWUiV GH XP QHJUR
PDJUR
3HUGHUDPVHSRUXPDUXHODVHJXLGRVPDLVDWUiVSRUXP
KRPHPJRUGR PXLWR EUDQFR FRP DVSHFWR GH HVWUDQJHLUR
FRUUHQGR SHVDGDPHQWH 'RUPLX GH QRYR H DFRUGRX GH PDQKm
/RJRFKHJDUDPXQVSROLFLDLV$IDVWRXVHHVHHVFRQGHXXPSRXFR
PHOKRU
4XDVH VHP SHQVDU HQWURX QD LJUHMD /i GHQWUR HVWDYD
HVFXUR HWLQKD XQV ERQHFRV JUDQGHV FRORFDGRV DTXL H DOL $V
SHVVRDVQmRIDODYDPQDGD6HDMRHOKDYDPVHQWDYDPLDPDFHQGHU
XPDV YHODV IDODYDP HP YR] EDL[D (QWURX XPD QHJULQKD GH
YHVWLGRD]XOWLURXRVVDSDWRVHILFRXGHMRHOKRVVHDUUDVWDQGRDWp
DERQHFDQHJUDHDFUX]SDUDFRORFDUXPDVIORUHV(DOLILFRXXP
ORQJRWHPSR (QILP XPD WUHPHQGD FKDWHDomR 1mR JRVWRX
1mRHQWHQGHX QDGD 6y OHPEUDYD GH VXD PmH UHSHWLQGR
HQFROHUL]DGD
´4XHURTXH'HXVVHIRGDSRUUD'HXVTXHVHIRGDµ
6DLXGDLJUHMD 2V SROLFLDLV DLQGD HVWDYDP DOL PDV QmR
ROKDUDP SDUD HOH 8P YHOKLQKR VHQWDGR QR EDWHQWH GD SRUWD
SHGLDHVPRODV7LQKDXPERQHFRLJXDODRVGDLJUHMDPDVPHQRU
HXPD FDL[D GH SDSHOmR 4XDVH WRGR PXQGR TXH HQWUDYD RX
VDtDGD LJUHMD MRJDYD XPDV PRHGDV H DWp QRWDV GHQWUR GD FDL[D
2YHOKR QmR WLQKD DV GXDV SHUQDV 'R ODGR GHOH XPD FDGHLUD
GHURGDV 5H\ VH GHFLGLX H VH DSUR[LPRX GHSRLV GH REVHUYiOR
XPERPWHPSR
³ 2 WLR FRPR p LVVR Dt" 2QGH p TXH WHP GHVVHV
ERQHFRV"
³4XHERQHFRUDSD]"
³(VVHDtLJXDODRVHX
³(VmR/i]DURILOKR
³0DVQmR6DQ/i]DURpDUXDRQGHHXPRUDYD
³1mRQmRTXHUGL]HUpPDVDLQmRPHDWUDSDOKH
(VWRXSDJDQGRXPDSURPHVVDSUDVmR/i]DUR
2YHOKLQKRFRQWLQXRXQDGHOHQmROKHGHXPDLVEROD
5H\ILFRXGHSpDRVHXODGR2OKRXDFDL[LQKD7LQKDXPPRQWH
GHGLQKHLUR 6H SHJDVVH D FDL[D H VDtVVH FRUUHQGR QLQJXpP LD
FRQVHJXLU SHJiOR ( 2V GRLV GHVJUDoDGRV GRV SROLFLDLV
FRQWLQXDYDPDOL2YHOKRSHUFHEHXDVLQWHQo}HVGRUDSD]HSHJRX
XPILR HOpWULFR JURVVR FRP XP SDUDIXVR QD SRQWD (UD UtJLGR
(VWDYDHVFRQGLGRHPEDL[RGHOH3HJRXRILRERWRXDFDL[LQKDHP
OXJDUVHJXURHROKRXSDUDRUDSD]6yHQWmR5H\YLXEHP D FDUD
GHILOKRGDSXWD TXH WLQKD 2 YHOKR QmR GLVVH QDGD 0DV
DSHUWRXPDLVRILRQDPmR
³1mRYRXOKHID]HUQDGD
³6XPDGDTXL
³0HHPSUHVWHRVDQ/i]DURTXDQGRWHUPLQDUDt
³1mRVHPHWDFRPLJRHVXPDGDTXL
³9RFrQmRTXHUpHPSUHVWDU
³6DQWRQmRVHHPSUHVWD6XPD
5H\ OKH GHX DV FRVWDV H VH DIDVWRX &KHLURX DV D[LODV
(VWDYDIHGLGR FRP FKHLUR GH VXRU H VXMHLUD *RVWDYD GHVVH
FKHLUR /HPEUDYD VXD FDVD 0DV QmR TXHULD WHU UHFRUGDo}HV GH
QDGD QHP GHQLQJXpP $SDJRX +DYLD JHQWH YHQGHQGR IORUHV H
YHODV8PDYHOKDPXLWRJRUGDYHQGHQGRPDQJDV7RGRVQDIUHQWH
GDLJUHMD
QRYR
2VSROLFLDLVXPSRXFRPDLVDGLDQWH(VWDYDFRPIRPHGH
4XH IRGD HUD WHU GH SURFXUDU FRPLGD SURFXUDU FRPLGD
SURFXUDUFRPLGD2VRODUGLDQDSUDFLQKDHQWUHDLJUHMDHRFDLV
$EDUTXLQKDFKHJRXHVROWRXXPWURSHOGHJHQWHDSUHVVDGD´3RU
TXHWDQWDSUHVVDVHYmRPRUUHUGHTXDOTXHUMHLWR"µSHQVRX
6HSDURXVH GR JUXSR XPD SHVVRD PDLV YHOKD PXLWR
QHJUDHPXLWRJRUGDYHVWLQGRVDLDURGDGDEOXVDODUJDHXPOHQoR
QDFDEHoD7XGREUDQFRHD]XOFRPRRVFRODUHVHPVHXSHVFRoR
$QGRX GLUHWDPHQWH DWp PXLWR SHUWR GHOH $MRHOKRXVH
MXQWR DXPD SDLQHLUD IURQGRVD IH] R VLQDOGDFUX] UH]RX XP
SRXFRWLURX GD EROVD XPDV IUXWDV PLOKR WRUUDGR XP FRFR
EDQDQDVXP VDQWR FRP D FDEHoD VHSDUDGD GR FRUSR PRHGDV
SUHJRVILWDVGHSDQRFRORULGDVUHJRXWXGR DTXLOR FRP PHO GH
DEHOKDV
0XUPXURX PDLV DOJXPD FRLVD IH] R VLQDOGDFUX]
OHYDQWRXVHHHQWURXQDLJUHMD
´3RUUD TXH ERPµ 5H\ SHQVRX 4XDQGR D YHOKD HQWURX
QDLJUHMD HOH IRL DWp D iUYRUH H UHFROKHX WXGR &RPHX DV IUXWDV
DSHVDU GH HVWDUHP PHLR SRGUHV *XDUGRX DV PRHGDV H FRP DV
ILWDVFRORULGDV SUHSDURX R VDQWR GHQWUR GH XPD FDL[LQKD GH
SDSHOmRTXHSHJRXSRUDOL3RVLFLRQRXVHDXPDFHUWDGLVWkQFLDGD
SRUWDGD LJUHMD 7RGD YH] TXH DOJXpP SDVVDYD QD VXD IUHQWH
VDFXGLDDFDL[LQKDFRPDVPRHGDVHRVSUHJRVHUHVPXQJDYDXPD
OHQJDOHQJDGHSHGLQWH
ERP
$VVLP SDVVDUDP RV GLDV 2 WUXTXH GR ERQHFR HUD
0RHGD D PRHGD WRGR GLD UHFROKLD XQV WDQWRV SHVRV H
QLQJXpPDPRODYD &RPLD XPD SL]]D TXHQWH H XQV SmHV FRP
FURTXHWH
&DGD GLD ILFDYD PDLV H PDLV VXMR 3RU VRUWH HUD TXDVH
JODEURQmRWLQKDTXHID]HUDEDUED
ÉV YH]HV
DSUR[LPDYDP
DSDUHFLDP
RXWURV
HVPROHLURV
6H
DVVLP
7HQWDYDPFRQYHUVDU(OHROKDYDHQmRUHVSRQGLD0HOKRU
$FKDUDPTXHHUDVXUGRPXGR4XDQGRLQVLVWLDPGHPDLV
LDSDUDRXWUROXJDU$VSHVVRDVRLQFRPRGDYDP1mRTXHULDRXYLU
QLQJXpP 6H DERUUHFLD GH SDVVDU R GLD LQWHLUR FRP DTXHOH
ERQHFRFDFDL[LQKDQDPmR6DLXFDPLQKDQGRVHPUXPRSHJRXD
HVWUDGD H FKHJRX DWp R IHUURYHOKR (VWDYD VH IRUPDQGR XPD
WHPSHVWDGH GH YHUmR FRP PXLWR YHQWR H WURY}HV 3RXFD JHQWH
SRUDOL
1LQJXpP R YLX HQWUDU QR PDWR $ FKXYD FRPHoRX FRP
UDMDGDVIXULRVDV H UHGHPRLQKRV H UDLRV (QWURX QR YHOKR
FRQWrLQHU -iHVWDYD JRVWDQGR GHVVH OXJDU H GDt FRQWURODYD WXGR
7LURXWRGDDURXSDHS{VQXPOXJDUVHFRDFDL[LQKDRVDQWRR
GLQKHLUR XQVSHGDoRV GH SmR 6DLX SHODGR QD FKXYD (UD XP
DJXDFHLUR WRUUHQFLDO /DYRXVH XP SRXFR 3HOR PHQRV VH
UHIUHVFRX 1XQFDJRVWRX GH iJXD $R TXH SDUHFH HUD DOJR
KHUHGLWiULR QD VXD IDPtOLD 0DV DTXHOD iJXD IULD R HVWLPXORX
(VIUHJRXRSDXRVDFRODYRXVHRPHOKRU SRVVtYHO DWp WHU XPD
HUHomR $ SULPHLUD HPPXLWRV GLDV -i QHP VH OHPEUDYD GH TXH
WLQKDSDXHGHTXHHOHILFDYDGXUR$FKXYDLQFHVVDQWHHUDFRPR
XPD FRUWLQD j VXDYROWD (OH VR]LQKR QR PHLR GRV IHUURV
UHWRUFLGRVHGRPDWDJDO
2SDXQmREDL[DYD(OHHVIUHJDQGRHDKKTXHJRVWRVR
0DVWXUERXVH EULQFDQGR FRP D FKXYD &RPR ID]LD TXDQGR HUD
PHQLQRMXQWRFRPVHXLUPmR
EULQFDUGHEDL[RGDFKXYDQDFREHUWXUD0DVWXUEDQGRVH
ULHVHOHPEUDGHTXDQGRHUDPHQLQRQDTXHODFREHUWXUD(ODQoRX
R VrPHQ 0XLWR VrPHQ 8IIID 3URQWR )LFRXPDLV WUDQTLOR
ODYDQGRVH GHEDL[R GD FKXYD H UHFRUGDQGR )D]LDDQRV TXH QmR
UHFRUGDYD
³ &DUDOKR QmR WHQKR TXH OHPEUDU GH QDGD GH
QDGDDDDD³JULWRXPXLWRDOWRSURWHJLGRSHORHVWURQGRWRUUHQFLDO
GRDJXDFHLUR
/DYRXXPSRXFRDURXSD'HSRLVILFRXQXGHQWURGR
FRQWrLQHU 4XDQGR D FKXYD SDURX Mi HUD XP FDUD WUDQTLOR H
UHIUHVFDGR3RXFRDSRXFRFKHJRXDQRLWHHHOHJRVWRX6DLX GR
FRQWrLQHU H Oi DGLDQWH QD GLUHomR GD FLGDGH DYHUPHOKDYD XP
EHORHQWDUGHFHU )LFRX ROKDQGR XP LQVWDQWH H WHYH D DJUDGiYHO
VHQVDomR GH EHPHVWDU H GH SD] 0DV LVVR IRL DSHQDV SRU
DOJXQVVHJXQGRV/RJRREVHUYRXRVDUUHGRUHV1mRFRQVHJXLDVH
OLYUDUGRPHGRGDSHUVHJXLomR3RGLDPHVWDUDWUiVGHOH1mRKDYLD
QLQJXpPSRUDOL/RJRDGRUPHFHX
1RGLDVHJXLQWHOHYDQWRXVHYHVWLXDURXSDHVIDUUDSDGD
HDLQGD~PLGD6DLXDQGDQGRVHPUXPRFRPRVDQWRQDPmR
1mR WLQKD SUHVVD GLVWUDLXVH ROKDQGR FDOPDPHQWH RV
RSHUiULRVTXH HQWUDYDP H VDtDP GDV IiEULFDV DV PXOKHUHV XQV
HVWLYDGRUHVGHVFDUUHJDQGR FDL[DV GH SHL[H FRQJHODGR
$SUR[LPDYDVHGHWRGRVFRPRVDQWRQDPmR1LQJXpPOKHGHX
QHPXPFHQWDYR
$OJXQVOKHGL]LDPJR]DGRUHV
´/DUJD GH VHU EHVWD H YDL WUDEDOKDUµ 8P GRV QHJURV
HVWLYDGRUHVVHDSUR[LPRXHOKHDSDOSRXRVP~VFXORVGREUDoR
³ (VWi PDJUR PDV p IRUWH (VWmR SUHFLVDQGR GH
HVWLYDGRUDTXL/DUJDHVVHVDQWLQKR
(OH VH DIDVWRX H QmR UHVSRQGHX 2 QHJUmR FRQWLQXRX
HQFKHQGR
³6HUiTXHpERERRXHVWiVHID]HQGRGHEHVWD"³
SHUJXQWRXDXPGRVFRPSDQKHLURV
5H\VHJXLXVHXUXPR
´4XHWUDEDOKDUDSXWDTXHSDULX
1XQFDPDLVYRXWUDEDOKDUQDPLQKDYLGDµSHQVRX
8PDKRUDGHSRLVFKHJRXD5HJLD3DURXQDIUHQWHGR
HPEDUFDGRXUR GD EDUTXLQKD H VHP SHQVDU LPSXOVLYDPHQWH
SDJRXFRPXPDPRHGDHVXELX(UDDSULPHLUDYH]TXHDQGDYD
GHEDUFR 7LQKD XP SRXFR GH PHGR $ HPEDUFDomR SDUWLX
5H\SHQVRX TXH LD GLUHWR SDUD +DYDQD 0DV QmR $ EDUTXLQKD
VDLXSDUD D ERFD GD EDtD YLURX SDUD D GLUHLWD H SDURX HP
&DVDEODQFD
5H\GHVFHXDOLPHVPR'HVFHUDPDOJXQVVXELUDPRXWURV
HDEDUFDSDUWLXGHQRYRFUX]RXDEDtDHDSRUWRXGRRXWURODGR
HP+DYDQD 5H\ ILFRX DFRPSDQKDQGR FRP RV ROKRV *RVWRX
GHDQGDU GH EDUFR 7LQKD PHGR GH FKHJDU D +DYDQD )XJLUD
GRUHIRUPDWyULR ID]LD PXLWRV GLDV 1mR GHYLDP PDLV HVWDU
SURFXUDQGR SRU HOH PDV QmR GDYD SDUD FRQILDU (P &DVDEODQFD
OKH GHUDPHVPRODV 0XLWD JHQWH DOL HVWDYD HVSHUDQGR R WUHP
HOpWULFR GH+HUVH\ 1HVVH PRPHQWR FKHJRX D YHOKD ORFRPRWLYD
FRP VHXVYDJ}HV U~VWLFRV )D]LD XPD YLDJHP PXLWR OHQWD DWp
0DWDQ]DV
8PDPXOKHUHVWDYDGL]HQGRSDUDXPDPHQLQD
´9DL YHU TXH YLDJHP PDLV ERQLWD DWUDYHVVDQGR R
FDPSRµ 2 ~QLFR FDPSR TXH5H\ FRQKHFLD HUD R ODUDQMDO GR
UHIRUPDWyULR H QmR JRVWDYD GDTXLOR 3DUD HOH VLJQLILFDYD VRO
WUDEDOKR IRUPLJDV EUDYDV HVSLQKRV HDUUDQK}HV IRPH R GLD
LQWHLUR´6HUiTXHH[LVWHRXWURWLSRGHFDPSR"'XYLGRµSHQVRX
)LFRX WHQWDGR D VXELU QR WUHP H YLDMDU DWp 0DWDQ]DV 1mR
'HVFDUWRX D LGpLD &RQWLQXRX FDPLQKDQGR FRP VHX VDQWR
DWUDYHVVRXXPDVUXDVVXELQGRD ODGHLUD SHJRXXP FDPLQKR GH
WHUUDFKHLRGHPDWRHGHUHSHQWHFKHJRXjLPHQVDHVWiWXDEUDQFD
GR&ULVWRGH&DVDEODQFD´$VSHVVRDVID]HPERQHFRVHS}HPHP
WRGROXJDU&RPRVHUiTXHIL]HUDPHVWHWmRJUDQGH"µSHQVRX
1mR KDYLD QLQJXpP SRU SHUWR 'DOL VH GLYLVDYD PXLWR
EHPWRGD D EDtD (UD XPD ERD DOWXUD (OH JRVWRX GH GRPLQDU
WXGRSHORPHQRVGDTXHOHMHLWR(VWDYDVR]LQKRDOLHPFLPDHHUD
RJUDQGH REVHUYDGRU 6HQWLXVH SRGHURVR 3RGLD DEDUFDU FRP D
YLVWDWRGRV RV DQFRUDGRXURV RV EDUFRV DV SHVVRDV VH
PRYLPHQWDQGRPLQ~VFXODV RV FDPLQK}HV RV EDUTXLQKRV GH
SHVFDGRUHVPXLWDJHQWHDQGDQGRSHOR0DOHFyQHPDLVDGLDQWHD
FLGDGH$LPHQVDFLGDGHDSHUGHUGHYLVWDQRPHLRGDEUXPDGD
XPLGDGHHGRUHIOH[RRIXVFDQWHGDOX]VRODU­GLUHLWDRVHGLItFLRV
DOWRVHHPUXtQDVGHVHXEDLUUR&HQWUR+DEDQDFRQWLQXDYDLJXDO
ERQLWDHPDOWUDWDGDHVSHUDQGRVHUPDTXLDGD,QFRQVFLHQWHPHQWH
VHXROKDU SURFXURX XP GHWHUPLQDGR HGLItFLR XP SRQWR
OLJHLUDPHQWHPDLVUHFXDGRGROLWRUDO$FHPPHWURVGR0DOHFyQ
$OL HVWDYD D VXD FREHUWXUD $LQGD QmR IRUD GHUUXEDGD 6HQWLX R
FRUDomREDWHUFRPPDLVIRUoDHTXDVHOKHVDLUSHODERFD7RGDV
DVUHFRUGDo}HVYLHUDPMXQWDV
VXDPmHWmREXUUDPDVHUDVXDPmHHJRVWDYDGHODDSHVDU
GHWXGR6HXLUPmRTXHWHYHXPQHJyFLRHVHDWLURXQDUXDVHP
SHQVDU VXD DYy TXH QmR DJHQWRX PDLV H HOHVHP VDEHU R TXH
ID]HU GH Sp DWUiV GR JDOLQKHLUR 6HXV ROKRV VHHQFKHUDP GH
OiJULPDV´4XHKRUURU2TXHHVWiDFRQWHFHQGRFRPLJR"3RUTXH
PHDFRQWHFHXXPDFRLVDGHVVDV"4XHURHVTXHFHUHQmRFRQVLJR
$FREHUWXUDDOLHHXDTXLXPYDJDEXQGRVHPWHUOXJDUSDUDILFDU
2 TXH VHUi TXH DFRQWHFHX FRP DV SRPEDVFRP RV FDFKRUURV
FRP DV JDOLQKDV"µ $V OiJULPDV EURWDUDP FRPIRUoD H QmR
FRQVHJXLD SDUDU GH FKRUDU FRPR XP PHQLQR $OLILFRX KRUDV
GHSULPLGRVHPIRUoDVSHQVDQGRQDVXDIDPtOLDGHVWUXtGDGHXPD
VyYH]6HQWDGRFRPRVDQWRVHPFDEHoDQDPmR8PDWRUUHQWH
LQFRQWUROiYHO GH OiJULPDV 3HOD SULPHLUD YH]QD YLGD VH VHQWLX
GHVDPSDUDGR DEDQGRQDGR VROLWiULR ( OKH GHXPXLWD UDLYD
$FDEDUDPVH DV OiJULPDV ( FRPHoRX D VH JROSHDU DFDEHoD H R
URVWR $XWRDJUHVVLYR 1mR TXHU OHPEUDU GH QDGD 1mRSRGH VH
SHUPLWLULVVR(FRQWLQXDVHEDWHQGRFRPJDQD3HJDXPDSHGUD
HEDWHDLQGDPDLVGXUR'yLPXLWRSHUGHRFRQWUROH$UDLYDSRU
WHU FKRUDGR SRU WHU UHFRUGDGR ID] FRP TXH VHEDWD DWp VDLU
VDQJXH
$FDED H[DXVWR IHULGR FREHUWR GH VDQJXH H PXLWR
GRORULGR
0DV DLQGD HVWi FKHLR GH yGLR H UDQFRU H SHQVD QD PmH
TXHOKHGDYDSDXODGDVHJULWDYD
´1mRFKRUHSRUUDQmRFKRUH+RPHPQmRFKRUDµPDV
RPRtDGHSDXODGD´'DSUy[LPDYH]EDWRDFDEHoDFRPIRUoDQD
SDUHGH H PH PDWR 7HQKR GH HVTXHFHUWXGRµ SHQVD 3RU TXH
KDYLDFDtGRWDQWDPHUGDHPFLPDGHOH"
1mRFRQVHJXLDHQWHQGHU3HODSULPHLUDYH]SHQVDYDHP
WXGRDTXLOR1mRSRGLDFKRUDUHDPROHFHUFRPRXPPHQLQR(OH
HUDKRPHP H KRPHP QmR SRGH DIURX[DU +RPHP WHP GH VHU
GXUmRRXPRUUHU
(VWDYD HQWDUGHFHQGR TXDQGR SRU ILP FRQVHJXLX VH
OHYDQWDU PDV QmR WLQKD QHP IRPH QHP VHGH ( QmR GHVFHX GR
PRUUR
)LFRX DOL DRV SpV GD HVWiWXD 2OKDQGR FRPR D FLGDGH LD
DFHQGHQGR VXDV OX]HV HVFDVVDV 8PD OLQGD FLGDGH (P YROWD GD
VXDFREHUWXUD Vy KDYLD HVFXULGmR 1mR GDYD PDLV SDUD YHU R
SUpGLR
3HORPHQRVHVJRWDUDDVOiJULPDV+DYLDFKRUDGRPXLWR
UHFRUGDQGR ( QmR KDYLD QDGD D ID]HU 1DGD 6y FRQWLQXDU
YLYHQGRDWpFKHJDUDVXDYH]
(VVDQRLWHGRUPLXDOLPHVPR'RUPLXPDO'HVSHUWRX
PXLWDVYH]HVGXUDQWHDQRLWHHVHPSUHROKDYDDFLGDGH8PDYH]
HRXWUD $ YLVWD LD GLUHWR SDUD DTXHOH SHGDFLQKR TXH IRUD VHX
EDLUUR1RGLDVHJXLQWHGHVFHXSDUDRWHUPLQDOGHWUHQVDQGRX
XPSRXFR SHOR SRYRDGR &RPHX XPDV VREUDV TXH OKH GHUDP
QXPFDIp7LQKDXPDVSHFWRGHVDVWURVR
PXLWR PDJUR GH WDQWD IRPHDFXPXODGD FRP JUDQGHV
ROKHLUDV R FDEHORFUHVSR GH PXODWRFUHVFHQGR YHUWLJLQRVDPHQWH
PDFKXFDGRFRPPDUFDVUR[DVHDUUDQK}HVIHULGDVQDVIDFHVQRV
OiELRVQDWHVWD6DQJXHUHVVHFDGRHPWRGDSDUWHPDLVDVXMHLUDH
RVIDUUDSRV(VWDYDGHVWUXtGR3DUHFLDXPFDoDGRUGHJDWDVQRFLR
$V SHVVRDV ROKDYDP SDUDHOH FRP XPD PLVWXUD GH QRMR H SHQD
PDVQmRSHUPLWLDPTXHVHDSUR[LPDVVH
4XDQGR DQRLWHFHX VXELX GH QRYR SDUD R &ULVWR 0DV
QmRFKRURXPDLV&RPRVROKRVEHPDEHUWRVROKDQGRVXD FDVD
FRPHoRX D PDTXLQDU D LGpLD GH LU DWp Oi H DYHULJXDU R TXH
DFRQWHFHUD 4XDQGR R OHYDUDP GDOL WLQKD WUH]H DQRV $JRUD Mi
HVWDYD FRPGH]HVVHLV /HPEURX TXH D YL]LQKD HUD ERD JHQWH D
PmHGDSXWLQKDWDOYH]SXGHVVHDMXGiOR
5HVROYHX DWUDYHVVDU D EDtD H FKHJDU DWp VXD FDVD (P
WUrVDQRVHWDQWRKDYLDPXGDGRPXLWR1mRVHULDIiFLOUHFRQKHFr
OR
1HPSDUDVHXVDPLJRVGREDLUUR6HUiTXHDLQGDFULDYDP
SRPEDV"2WHPSRGRVSREUHVHUDGLIHUHQWH1mRWrPGLQKHLURH
SRULVVR QmR WrP FDUUR QmR SRGHP SDVVHDU H YLDMDU QmR WrP
ERQVDSDUHOKRV GH VRP QHP SLVFLQD QmR SRGHP LU DRV ViEDGRV
DRKLSyGURPR QHP HQWUDU QRV FDVVLQRV 2 SREUH QXP SDtV
SREUHVy SRGH HVSHUDU R WHPSR SDVVDU H FKHJDU D VXD KRUD (
QHVVHLQWHUYDORGHVGHTXHQDVFHDWpPRUUHURPHOKRUpWUDWDUGH
QmR DUUXPDU HQFUHQFD 0DV jV YH]HV D JHQWH VLP DUUXPD
HQFUHQFD(ODFDLGRFpX$VVLPJUiWLV6HPDJHQWHSURFXUDU
'HTXDOTXHUMHLWRUHVROYHXDWUDYHVVDU0DVXPDFRLVD
pUHVROYHU DWUDYHVVDU D EDtD H RXWUD p ID]HU LVVR GH IDWR 9ROWRX
SDUDVHXYHOKRFRQWrLQHURQGHVHVHQWLDVHJXURHEHPSURWHJLGR
SHODVROLGmR
$OL ILFRX GLDV H QRLWHV 3HOD SULPHLUD YH] QD YLGD
HQIUHQWDYDXPD LQGHFLVmR $Wp DJRUD RV RXWURV VHPSUH WLQKDP
GHFLGLGR SRUHOH 8PD WDUGH DSUR[LPRXVH GR FDLV 3{V DV
PRHGDVQDPmRGRFREUDGRUHVXELXQDEDUFD8PRXWURVXMHLWR
ID]LDFRQFRUUrQFLD
XP QHJUR YHOKR H PDJUR GH FDEHoD UDVSDGD H FREHUWR
GHWDWXDJHQV WRFDQGR VHP SDUDU XP WDPERU]LQKR (UD XP
VKRZFRQWtQXR 2 VXMHLWR QmR SDUDYD 5HFROKLD DV PRHGDV QXP
JRUURH XQV WXULVWDV WLUDUDP IRWRV GHOH $OJXQV VH DSUR[LPDYDP
SDUDYHU PHOKRU DV FHQWHQDV GH WDWXDJHQV GH VHX FRUSR (OH
GHVSLUDDFDPLVDHDUUHJDoDUDXPSRXFRDVFDOoDVSDUDTXHYLVVHP
(UDXP QHJUR VLPSiWLFR 6RUULD H WRFDYD R WDPERU]LQKR ID]LD
FDUHWDV H FRQWLQXDYD D VRUULU $V SHVVRDV ROKDYDP SDUD HOH H VH
GLYHUWLDP PDV QLQJXpP OKH GHX QHP XP FHQWDYR (P SRXFRV
PLQXWRV DWUDYHVVDUDP D EDtD H 5H\ VH YLX FDPLQKDQGR SHOD
DYHQLGDGHL3XHUWR
(UDPVHWHGDQRLWHPDVRVRODLQGDHVWDYDDOWRHIRUWH
)RLDQGDQGR GHYDJDU FKHJRX HP IUHQWH DR +RWHO 'HDXYLOOH H
GHVFDQVRX XP SRXFR VHQWDGR QR PXUR +DYLD SRXFD JHQWH
'HQRLWH HVVH OXJDU ILFDYD FKHLR GH SXWDV H PDODQGURV
WUDYHVWLVPDFRQKHLURV JHQWH GR LQWHULRU TXH QmR VDFDYD QDGD
3XQKHWHLURV YHQGHGRUDV GH DPHQGRLP FDIHW}HV FRP UXP H
WDEDFR IDOVLILFDGR H FRFDtQD YHUGDGHLUD SXWLQKDV UHFpP
LPSRUWDGDV GRLQWHULRU P~VLFRV GH UXD FRP YLRO}HV H PDUDFDV
YHQGHGRUDV GHIORUHV WULFLFORV FRP VHXV WD[LVWDV PXOWLRItFLR
SROLFLDLV DVSLUDQWHV D HPLJUDQWHV ( DOJXPDV PXOKHUHV LQIHOL]HV
DOJXPDVYHOKDVDOJXQVPHQLQRVRVPDLVSREUHVHQWUHRVSREUHV
TXH VH GHGLFDPD SHGLU PRHGDV LQFHVVDQWHPHQWH 4XDQGR XP
WXULVWD LQFDXWR HPHODQFyOLFR DWHUULVVD QR PHLR GHVVD IDXQD QmR
DJUHVVLYDPDVHQJUDoDGDHFRQYLQFHQWHJHUDOPHQWHFDLIDVFLQDGR
QD DUPDGLOKD $FDED FRPSUDQGR UXP RX WDEDFR GH PHUGD
DFKDQGRTXHpRULJLQDOHTXHHVWiVHQGRPXLWRHVSHUWRHTXHHVWi
WHQGR PXLWDVRUWH $V YH]HV PHVHV GHSRLV DFDED FDVDQGR FRP
XPD GHVVDVHVSOrQGLGDV PRFLQKDV RX VH MXQWD FRP XP JDURWR
SLQWXGR
'HSRLV GHVVDV SURH]DV R WXULVWD JDUDQWH DRV DPLJRV TXH
DJRUDpIHOL]TXHDYLGDQRVWUySLFRVpPDUDYLOKRVDHTXHJRVWDULD
GHLQYHVWLU DTXL R VHX GLQKHLUR H WHU XPD FDVLQKD j EHLUDPDU
FRPVXDQHJULQKDFRPSODFHQWHHDWUDHQWHDEDQGRQDQGRRIULRH
DQHYH SDUD QmR YHU PDLV DV SHVVRDV HGXFDGDV FXLGDGRVDV
FDOFXOLVWDV H VLOHQFLRVDV GH VHX SDtV (QILP FDL QXP WUDQVH
KLSQyWLFRHVDLGDUHDOLGDGH
$JRUDDRFRQWUiULRVyKDYLDDOLGRLVErEDGRVEHEHQGR
SURILVVLRQDOPHQWH GHEDL[R GR VRO (OH ILFRX ROKDQGR RV GRLV H
PRVWURXRVDQWLQKR
³8PDDMXGDSDUDRVDQWR
³2OKDYRXOKHGDURTXHHXWHQKRQREROVR1RILP
GiQDPHVPD(HVVHDtpVmR/i]DURQmR"6LP
2 ErEDGR HUD XP KRPHP GH XQV VHVVHQWD DQRV
PXLWRPDJURFRPXPDFDPLVDSXtGDHVXMDSDUDIRUDGDVFDOoDV
PDVTXHDLQGDFRQVHUYDYDFHUWRDUGHSHVVRDGHFHQWHHHGXFDGD
(VWDYD pEULR GHPDLV H QmR HQ[HUJDYD EHP 7LURX GR
EROVRXPDVQRWDVXPDVPRHGDVXPFKDYHLURVHPFKDYHV-RJRX
WXGR GHQWUR GD FDL[LQKD 5H\ ILFRX TXLHWR 7HQWRX LU HPERUD
GHSUHVVDDQWHVTXHRYHOKRErEDGRSHJDVVHGHYROWDRGLQKHLUR
0DVRRXWURErEDGRRDJDUURXSHOREUDoRHQmRGHL[RXTXHIRVVH
HPERUD(UDXPVXMHLWRVXMRHYXOJDU
³1mRQmR(VSHUHDt$RQGHpTXHYRFrYDL"&RP
RTXHTXHDJHQWHYDLFRPSUDURXWUDJDUUDID"'HXRGLQKHLURWRGR
SDUDHOH"
LVVR
³ 'HL R GLQKHLUR p PHX 9RFr QmR WHP QDGD FRP
³7XGREHPpYHUGDGHRGLQKHLURpVHX
³1mRFRQVLJREHEHUPDLV-iHVWRXFKHLR
³ &RPR QmR FRQVHJXH" ,VVR QmR VH GL] QXQFD XP
KRPHPQXQFDGL]LVVR
³%RPFRQVLJRVLPPDVWHQKRGHID]HUXPDFRLVD
YRFrpPHXDPLJRYRFrpPHXDPLJR
(OKHGHXXPIRUWHDEUDoR
³2TXHpLVVR"3DUDTXHHVVHDEUDoR"
³9RFrpPHXDPLJRDWpORJR
2 YHOKR SHJRX 5H\ SRU XP EUDoR H VDLX DQGDQGR 2
RXWURErEDGRILFRXVHQWDGRROKDQGRRYD]LR2YHOKRVHDSRLRX
QREUDoR GH 5H\ H FRQWLQXRX IDODQGR DUUDVWDQGR DV SDODYUDV
(VWDYDPXLWR FKXPEDGR H FDPEDOHDYD SDUD XP ODGR H RXWUR
VHPSUHDSRQWRGHLUSDUDRFKmR1mRSDUDYDGHIDODU
³9RFrpPRoR(XQmRDJHQWRPDLV0HDMXGH
³$RQGHYRFrTXHULU"
³/KHGHLWRGRRPHXGLQKHLURROKHWRGRLQXQGR
PHDEDQGRQRX WRGR PXQGR 0LQKDV ILOKDV PHXV QHWRV
PLQKDPXOKHU RV PDULGRV GDV PLQKDV ILOKDV 7RGR PXQGR IRL
HPERUDHHXQmRDJHQWRPDLV
5H\
&RPHoRX D VROXoDU H DJDUURX FRP IRUoD R EUDoR GH
(VWDYDPLQGRSDUDRVSRUW}HVGH*DOLDQR
³ $JRUD SHUGL DWp R TXDUWR HVWRX QD UXD ID] GLDV
ERPYHQGL WXGR SRXFR D SRXFR SDUD R UXP H R FLJDUUR (
SUHFLVRHVTXHFHU R VRIULPHQWR PDV QmR FRQVLJR HVTXHFHU
QHQKXP
1XQFDPHWHOHIRQDUDPQHPXPDFDUWD2TXHHXIL]GH
HUUDGR"8PWUDJXLQKRGHYH]HPTXDQGR"(SRULVVRVRXPDXSDL
HPH ERWDP GH ODGR" 3RU LVVR HX PDX SDL" (X JRVWR GH UXP
2TXHpTXHHXYRXID]HU"
³$RQGHpTXHHOHVIRUDP"³5H\SHUJXQWRX
³3UDIRUDUDSD]3UDIRUD3UDRQGHYDLWRGRPXQGR
³3RUTXHQmRIRLMXQWRFRPHOHV"
³ 1mmmR HX QmR WHQKR TXH LU HPERUD (X QDVFL HP
&XEDPRUURHP&XED
'REROVRGHWUiVWLURXXPJDUUDIDFRPEDVWDQWHUXP
5H\
&RQWHYH RV VROXoRV H FRP XP VRUULVR DPDUJR GLVVH D
³ (VWD DTXL p D PLQKD UHVHUYD HVSHFLDO GD PLQKD
DGHJDSDUWLFXODU
³'HTXr"
³ 9RFr p XP LJQRUDQWH XP [XFUR &RP JHQWH
LJQRUDQWHQmRGiSDUDFRQYHUVDU6DEHOHU"
³$KKYHOKRVDLGHVVD(XYRXPHPDQGDU
2YHOKRRGHWHYH
³ 1mR QmR 1mR SRGH LU HPERUD /KH GHL WRGR R
PHXGLQKHLUR HVSHUH XP SRXFR QmR SRGH LU 0H DMXGH D
HQWUDUHPPHXHGLItFLRDVXELUDWpDFREHUWXUD
³0DVYRFrQmRGLVVHTXHSHUGHXRTXDUWR"
³(PDVFRQWLQXRPDLVRXPHQRVSRUDtYDPRVDWp
DFREHUWXUD
³2QGHp"
³1DRXWUDHVTXLQD9DPRVOiQmRFRQVLJRPDLVVXELU
DHVFDGD
&RQWLQXDUDP DQGDQGR (QWUDUDP QXP YHOKR HGLItFLR
GHVWUXtGR 8P GLD IRUD HOHJDQWH H ERQLWR $JRUD WLQKD XPD
IRVVDWUDQVERUGDQGR PHUGD QR FHQWUR GR VDJXmR H XPD EHOD
HVFDGDULDGHPiUPRUHEUDQFR FDLQGRDRV SHGDoRV H VXMD FRPR
WXGR
7LQKDFKHLURGHPDFRQKD5H\IDUHMRXRDUHJRVWRX8P
QHJURH XPD QHJUD PXLWR MRYHQV QXP FDQWR HVFXUR HVWDYDP
IXPDQGRHVHEHLMDQGRHVHFKXSDQGRPXWXDPHQWH2YHOKRQmR
SUHVWRX DWHQomR HP QDGD 5H\ ILFRX ROKDQGR H ILFRX H[FLWDGR
QDPHVPD KRUD 8KPP &RPHoDUDP D VXELU 5H\ HPSXUUDYD
RYHOKR SHODV FRVWDV H OKH GDYD DSRLR 6XELUDP D GXUDV SHQDV
&LQFRDQGDUHV2YHOKRFRPHoRXDVROXoDU
³3RUTXHHVWiFKRUDQGR"1mRPRUDDTXLHPFLPD"
³1mRQmRYDPRVDWpDFREHUWXUD
6DtUDPSRUXPDSRUWLQKDSDUDDFREHUWXUDGRHGLItFLR
5H\JRVWRX GDTXHOH DU IUHVFR GHSRLV GH WDQWR H[HUFtFLR -i HUD
QRLWHEHPIHFKDGDHWLQKDUHIUHVFDGR)LFRXHQWUHWLGRROKDQGRRV
DUUHGRUHV GDOL GDTXHOD DOWXUD 2 YHOKR FRQWLQXDYD VROXoDQGR
3HJRXGHQRYRDJDUUDIDHGHXPDLVXP WUDJR JUDQGH (VWHQGHX
SDUD5H\
PLP
³ 7RPH ILTXH FRP LVVR H SHoD D VmR /i]DUR SRU
3DVVRX XPD SHUQD SHOD PXUHWD H VH DWLURX GH FDEHoD
SDUDEDL[R
³$LPLQKDPmH0DV
5H\ IH] XP JHVWR SDUD FKHJDU j EHLUDGD H ROKDU SDUD
EDL[RSDUDDUXD0DVQmR6ySHQVRXHPHVFDSDU7UHPHQGRGH
PHGRGHVFHXDVHVFDGDVRPDLVGHSUHVVDTXHS{GH$IRPHHDV
GLILFXOGDGHV WLQKDP DFDEDGR FRP VXDV IRUoDV 4XDQGR FKHJRX
HPEDL[R DVVXPLX D H[SUHVVmR GH WRQWR PHLR DGRUPHFLGR TXH
XVDYDSDUDSHGLUHVPRODV/iHVWDYDRYHOKR&DLXGHFDEHoDHR
FUkQLR HVWDYD GHVSHGDoDGR )LFRX QXPD SRVWXUD JURWHVFD FRPR
VHQmR WLYHVVH RVVRV H IRVVH GH ERUUDFKD 2V YL]LQKRV H
WUDQVHXQWHVROKDYDPGHFHUWDGLVWkQFLD$LQGDQmRKDYLDSROLFLDLV
5H\ IRLHPERUD *DOLDQR DFLPD -i YLQKDP YLQGR GRLV SROLFLDLV
FRUUHQGR$OJXpPWLQKDFKDPDGR$QGRXPXLWRSRXFRHVHQWRX
VHQXP EDQFR QR SDUTXH GD *DOLDQR FRP D 6DQ 5DIDHO 7LURX
RGLQKHLURGRYHOKRHFRQWRX2LWHQWDHWUrVSHVRV(VWDYDULFR
1XQFD HP VXD YLGD WLQKD WLGR WDQWR GLQKHLUR 4XDQGR
HQWHQGHX LVVR UHFXSHURX R DSHWLWH 'HVFHX SHOR EXOHYDU 6DQ
5DIDHO
4XHULD FRPHU FRPLGD TXHQWH 8PD VHQKRUD HVWDYD
YHQGHQGRFDL[DVGHSDSHOmRFRPDUUR]IHLMmRORPERGHIXPDGR
HEDWDWDFORFHIULWD$YLQWHSHVRV
(P SRXFRV PLQXWRV WUDoRX XPD FDL[D H WUrV UHIUHVFRV
VHQWDGR QD VDUMHWD 8ID WHYH XP IRUWH HQJXOKR UHFRVWRXVH QD
SDUHGH 7RGD DTXHOD FRPLGD GH UHSHQWH QR HVW{PDJR /RJR
GHSRLVFRQVHJXLX FRQWLQXDU DQGDQGR EXOHYDU DEDL[R 9LURX QD
ÉJXLODHFRQWLQXRXDQGDQGRDWpRSDUTXHGD)UDWHUQLGDG(VWDYD
PXLWRHVFXUR 4XDQGR RV ROKRV VH DFRVWXPDUDP GHVFREULX TXH
WLQKDJHQWH VHQWDGD HP WRGRV RV EDQFRV 9HDGRV 6H EHLMDQGR
FRFKLFKDQGR FKXSDQGR VXVSLUDQGR JHPHQGR 8P FDUUR
LOXPLQRXSRU DOJXQV VHJXQGRV H YLX XP GH TXDWUR QD JUDPD
OHYDQGR QRUDER (VWDYD FRP VRQR $FRPRGRXVH QR FKmR
HQFRVWDGRDXPDiUYRUHJURVVDHGRUPLX
/RJR GHSRLV D FKXYD R GHVSHUWRX 8PD SDQFDGD FRP
YHQWRHWURY}HV)LFRXHQFKDUFDGR1mRWLQKDQLQJXpPHPYROWD
7RGRVKDYLDPHVFDSDGRSDUDRVDJXmRGRSUpGLRHPIUHQWH0HLR
DGRUPHFLGR DLQGD OHYDQWRXVH H IRL DWp Oi 6H MRJRX QXP FDQWR
HGRUPLXGHQRYR
'H PDQKm DLQGD HVWDYD ~PLGR (QWmR VH OHPEURX GR
YHOKRErEDGR GD QRLWH DQWHULRU 4XHP VDEH XP GLD WLYHVVH GH
WRPDUD PHVPD GHFLVmR H VH DWLUDU GH FDEHoD TXDQGR QmR
DJHQWDVVHPDLV/HYDQWRXVHGRFKmRHYROWRXSHODÉJXLOD1HVVD
UXD HQWUHD 'UDJRQHV H D 6DQ 5DIDHO UHVWDYDP GH Sp YiULRV
HGLItFLRV PHLRHP UXtQDV DEDQGRQDGRV (UDP ERQV OXJDUHV SDUD
SDVVDUDQRLWH
6HJXLXÉJXLODDEDL[RHYROWRXDR0DOHFyQHPIUHQWHDR
'HDXYLOOH 'HVFDQVRX XP SRXFR VHQWDGR QR PXUR H ORJR
UHWRPRXVXDPDUFKD8PPRPHQWRGHSRLVFKHJRXjHVTXLQDGH
VXDFDVD
6HQWRXVH GH QRYR QR PXUR GR 0DOHFyQ H VH GHGLFRX D
REVHUYDURDPELHQWH
1DGD KDYLD PXGDGR 7XGR VXMR GHVWUXtGR DV SHVVRDV
VHQWDGDV QD FDOoDGD WRPDQGR D IUHVFD FRQYHUVDQGR EHEHQGR
UXPHVFXWDQGR P~VLFD 1LQJXpP WUDEDOKD *DQKDVH PDLV FRP
DOJXP QHJRFLQKR 0HOKRU TXH VH DUUHEHQWDU SRU TXDWUR SHVRV
SRUGLD5H\DWUDYHVVRXDDYHQLGDHVHVHQWRXQRSHTXHQRSDUTXH
GDHVTXLQD FRQVWUXtGR RQGH DQRV DQWHV XP HGLItFLR IRUD
GHUUXEDGR 3HGLD HVPRODV D WRGRV TXH SDVVDYDP 1LQJXpP R
UHFRQKHFHX 'DOL SRGLD YHU EHP VXD FDVD H D YL]LQKD )LFRX XP
ERP WHPSR 1mR DFRQWHFHX QDGD 1LQJXpP DSDUHFHX QD
YDUDQGD6HPSHQVDUGXDVYH]HVVDLXGHVHXSRVWRGHREVHUYDomR
H IRL DQGDQGR GHYDJDU DWp D SRUWD GR HGLItFLR 6XELX RV TXDWUR
DQGDUHVDWpDFREHUWXUDHEDWHXQDSRUWD4XHPDEULXIRLDYHOKD
YL]LQKD
(OHDUHFRQKHFHXPDVWLQKDILFDGRPXLWRPDJUD(ODTXH
VHPSUH IRUD JRUGD H SHLWXGD (UD XP VDFR GH RVVRV 4XDQGR R
YLXGLVVH
³$L9RFrVXELXDWpDTXLSDUDSHGLUHVPROD"(VSHUH
XPSRXFR
(QWURX9ROWRXHPVHJXLGDFRPXPDVPRHGDVFRORFRX
QDFDL[LQKDHLDIHFKDUDSRUWD5H\DGHWHYHFRPXPJHVWR
³)UHGHVELQGDQmROHPEUDGHPLP"
$PXOKHUROKRXPHOKRUPDVQmRSRUPXLWRWHPSR
³1mROHPEUR
³6RXHX5H\QDOGRDtGRODGR
³$LPHQLQRSRU'HXVHQWUHHQWUH
( DEULX SDVVDJHP $ SRUWD GDYD SDUD D FREHUWXUD
3DVVDUDPHQWUHEDUULVYHOKRVHHQIHUUXMDGRVJDLRODVGHJDOLQKDVH
RXWUDVSRUFDULDV DFXPXODGDV DR ORQJR GRV DQRV &KHJDUDP DR
SHTXHQRTXDUWRGH WUrV SRU TXDWUR PHWURV LGrQWLFR DR TXH HP
RXWURVWHPSRV HOHV RFXSDYDP %HP DR ODGR GDTXHOH 7HYH GH
FRQWDU D)UHGHVELQGD R TXH OKH DFRQWHFHUD QRV ~OWLPRV DQRV
5HVXPLXWXGRHPGRLVPLQXWRVHQmRFRQWRXTXHIXJLUD
³ ( R TXH IL]HUDP FRP PLQKD PmH PHX LUPmR H
PLQKDDYy"
³1mRVHLPHXILOKR/HYDUDPSUyQHFURWpULR1mRVHL
³2TXDUWRHVWiIHFKDGR"
³1mR/RJRGHSRLVYHLRXPDIDPtOLDGR/HVWHHHVWi
Dt DWpDJRUD 6mR ERD JHQWH SDUD IDODU D YHUGDGH 1mR GmR
WUDEDOKR
³(TXHPGHXRTXDUWRSDUDHOHV"
³ &KHJDUDP HQWUDUDP H ILFDUDP 6mR VHWH 1mR VHL
FRPRFDEHPGHQWURGHVVHTXDUWLQKR
3DUD 5H\ WDQWR ID]LD )LFRX FDODGR XP WHPSR (QWmR
HUDDVVLP" (VWDYD D SRQWR GH LU HPERUD 0DV VH OHPEURX GD
PXODWLQKDSXWDILOKDGH)UHGHVELQGDHSHUJXQWRX
³(VXDILOKD"
³0HOKRUQmRIDODUGLVVR
³3RUTXr"
³8KPPHVWiQD,WiOLD
e"
³&DVRXFRPXPLWDOLDQR
³%RPHODVHYLURXEDVWDQWHSRUDTXLOHPEUD"$JRUD
SHORPHQRVHVWiYLYHQGREHP
DOHJUH
³ 1mR IDOH DVVLP (OD QmR HUD SXWD PDV HUD PXLWR
$QGDYD VHPSUH ID]HQGR IHVWD FRP RV HVWUDQJHLURV
JRVWDYDPXLWRGHVHGLYHUWLU
³0DQGRXGLQKHLURSDUDYRFr"
³1RFRPHoRVLP'XDVYH]HV0DVID]PDLVGHXP
DQRTXHQmRVHLGHPDLVQDGD
³$KKKPDVYDLYHUTXHQmRJRVWDGHHVFUHYHU
³ 1mR 5H\ (X FRQKHoR D PLQKD ILOKLQKD
$FRQWHFHXDOJXPDFRLVDFRPHODDLQmRTXHURQHPSHQVDU
(FRPHoRXDVROXoDU
³1mRSHQVHFRLVDUXLP)UHGHVELQGD
³ 1mR SHQVR PDV HVWRX GHVHVSHUDGD (VWRX
SUHVVHQWLQGRDOJXPD FRLVD TXH QmR p ERD (VVD PHQLQD JRVWD
PXLWRGHPLPSDUDILFDUXPDQRVHPGDUQRWtFLDVVHPHVFUHYHU
³(ODHUDLQWHOLJHQWH
³ (X VHL R TXH HVWRX GL]HQGR ³ GLVVH )UHGHVELQGD
IXQJDQGRHHQ[XJDQGRDVOiJULPDV
³(YRFrDFKDRTXr"4XHHODPRUUHX"
³ 0HQLQR D JHQWH QmR GL] HVVDV FRLVDV 'HXV TXHLUD
TXHQmR 'L]HP TXH PXLWDV HOHV REULJDP D WUDEDOKDU VDEH
GHSXWDHPFDEDUpDLPLQKDPmH
5H\ ILFRX TXLHWR (VWDYD D SRQWR GH LU HPERUD
)UHGHVELQGDWLQKDVyFLQTHQWDHGRLVDQRVPDVHVWDYDHQUXJDGD
PDJUD HWULVWH 'DTXHOHV SHLWRV ERQLWRV H JUDQGHV TXH HOH WDQWR
DGPLUDYDTXDQGR EDWLD SXQKHWD QD FREHUWXUD UHVWDYDP DSHQDV
GXDVSHODQFDVDEXQGDQWHVHIOiFLGDVFDLQGRDWpDFLQWXUDGHQWURGD
EOXVD
$WRUPHQWDGD HOD ROKDYD R FKmR DOKHLD D 5H\ (QWmR
SDUHFHXOHPEUDUVHGHOH
³ 9RFr HVWi XP GHVDVWUH 0XLWR SLRU TXH TXDQGR
PRUDYDDTXL
5H\ QmR UHVSRQGHX 1mR HVWDYDFRP YRQWDGH GH IDODU
PDLVQDGD
³ 9RX HVTXHQWDU DOJXPD FRLVD SDUD YRFr DOPRoDU
0DVWRPHEDQKRDQWHVSUDMRJDUIRUDHVVHVWUDSRVLPXQGRV7HP
XPDURXSDOLPSDDtTXHGHYHVHUYLUHPYRFr
$ YHOKD WLQKD XP EDQKHLUR PLFURVFySLFR GHQWUR GR
TXDUWR'HXOKHXPEDOGHGHiJXDIULDXPVDEmRHXPWUDSR(OH
VHHVIUHJRX VHP SUHVVD 1mR JRVWDYD GH WRPDU EDQKR PDV GH
YH]HPTXDQGRHUDERP
WDUGH
³ /DYH EHP D FDEHoD SDUD LU FRUWDU HVVH FDEHOR PDLV
5H\QmRUHVSRQGHX3HQVRX
´6HUiTXHHODSHQVDTXHYRXILFDUDTXL"µ
$YHOKDFRQWLQXRX
³ 3RUTXH QmR SUHFLVD LU HPERUD Mi 3RGH ILFDU H
DPDQKmYDPRV YHU FRPR D JHQWH ID] SDUD SHJDU GH YROWD D VXD
FDVLQKD
9RFrWHPGLUHLWRDFKR
³1mR1mRHVWRXLQWHUHVVDGRQLVVRQmR
³%RPQmRSUHFLVDWHUSUHVVD3RGHILFDUXQVGLDV
´$KHVVDYHOKDHVWiTXHUHQGRXPDSLURFDQRHX PDV
GHYHVHU XPD DUPDGLOKD QmR SRVVR ILFDU PXLWR WHPSR DTXLµ
SHQVRX
1HVVH PRPHQWR )UHGHVELQGD DEULX D PtQLPD FRUWLQD
SOiVWLFD GR EDQKHLUR H OKH HVWHQGHX XPD FDOoD GHVERWDGD PDV
HPERP HVWDGR $R PHVPR WHPSR VHXV ROKRV FRUUHUDP DWp R
VH[RGH5H\
FRLVD
³(VWiYHQGRGHEDQKRWRPDGRHOLPSRILFRXRXWUD
7RPHiJXDGHFRO{QLDGHL[HTXHHXSRQKR
6y GH SHUFHEHU )UHGHVELQGD ROKDQGR SDUD HOH 5H\
VHQWLXDURODFRPHoDQGRDLQFKDU4XDQGRHODHVIUHJRXDiJXDGH
FRO{QLDQRVHXSHLWRHQRSHVFRoRILFRXFRPRSLQWRPDLVGXUR
TXHXPSDX2VROKRVGDYHOKDEULOKDUDPVHXURVWRILFRXDOHJUH
HSDUHFHX UHWURFHGHU LQVWDQWDQHDPHQWH GRV FLQTHQWD H GRLV
SDUDJORULRVRVYLQWHDQRV
³$KTXHSDXPDLVOLQGR
3HJRXRFRPDVGXDVPmRVDSHUWDQGR$SDOSRXOKHR
VDFR
(UD XP FDFHWH HVSOrQGLGR H JURVVR GH YLQWH H GRLV
FHQWtPHWURVGH XPD FRU GH FDQHOD EHP HVFXUD FRP SHQWHOKRV
QHJURVHEULOKDQWHV+DYLDPXLWRWHPSRTXHQmRID]LDVH[R7LQKD
FRPLGRRHXGHDOJXQVYHDGRVQRUHIRUPDWyULR0DVOiQmRKDYLD
PXLWDVELFKDV H HUDP GLVSXWDGDV D WDSD R TXH GLYHUWLD PXLWR DV
ORXFDV
9HURVPDFKLQKRVEULJDQGR SRUFDXVDGHODV(OHEULJRX
GXDVYH]HV PDV GHSRLV UHVROYHX TXH QmR YDOLD D SHQD $t VH
PDVWXUEDYD WRGD QRLWH PDV QDGD FRPR XPD ERD FKXSDGD GH
TXHPVDEHVHJXLGDGHXPDERDERFHWD~PLGDHFKHLURVDFRPDV
UHVSHFWLYDV WHWDV H XP URVWR OLQGR GH FDEHOR FRPSULGR H DOpP
GLVVRXPHXRSFLRQDOSDUDYDULDUXPSRXFRGHEXUDFR
)UHGHVELQGD HUD D UDLQKD GD FKXSDGD 7LQKD PXLWR
RUJXOKR GD VXD FDSDFLGDGH VXJDGRUD 7LURX R SDX XP LQVWDQWH
GDERFD $SHQDV R WHPSR QHFHVViULR SDUD IHFKDU D SRUWD WLUDU
DURXSD DWLUiOR VREUH D FDPD FRP HOD SRU FLPD (
FRQWLQXRXFKXSDQGR 'HSRLV PHWHX HOD PHVPD SDUD GHQWUR
DQVLRVD7LQKDXPD[R[RWDHVFXUDPDVWDPEpPPXLWRVXJDGRUD
PXVFXORVDSRWHQWH5H\JR]RXWUrVYH]HVVHPSHUGHUDHUHomRH
HOD SHGLQGR PDLV (QILP WHUPLQDUDP VXDQGR HVJRWDGRV H
GRUPLUDPXP SRXFR 2 FDORU HUD LQVXSRUWiYHO H DFRUGDUDP
LQFKDGRV
&RPHUDP XP SRXFR GH DUUR] FRP IHLMmR )UHGHVELQGD
OKH GHXGRLV SHVRV H HOH IRL FRUWDU R FDEHOR (VWDYD VH VHQWLQGR
EHPHWLQKDUHFXSHUDGRDFRQILDQoDHPVLPHVPR'DUXPDERD
WUHSDGD H VDWLVID]HU XPD PXOKHU p VHPSUH HVWLPXODQWH 5H\
HVWDYDVHVHQWLQGREHPPDFKR9LJRURVRFRPRQXQFD
4XDQGR YROWRX GD EDUEHDULD SDUHFLD RXWUR %DUEHDGR
EHPUDVSDGR GH URXSD OLPSD H XPDV VDQGiOLDV GH ERUUDFKD
TXDVHQRYDV $SHVDU GLVVR SDUHFLD WHU PDLV GH GH]HVVHLV DQRV
3RGLD SDVVDU SRU YLQWH H GRLV DWp YLQWH H TXDWUR 7LQKD XPD
H[SUHVVmRGXUDQRURVWR(IRPHPXLWDIRPH3DVVRXDVVLPXPD
VHPDQD 1HPHOH QHP )UHGHVELQGD WUDEDOKDYDP 6y WUDQFDGRV
WUHSDQGR FRPHQGR H EHEHQGR UXP $V SHUORQDV GH 5H\ D
GHL[DYDPORXFD
³5DSD]RQGHYRFrDUUXPRXHVVDVSpURODVQRSDX"
(XQXQFDWLQKDYLVWRLVVR9RFrpPDOXFRPHQLQR
5H\ DSUHQGHX D XVDU DV SpURODV HVIUHJDQGR FRQWUD R
FOLWyULVGH )UHGHVELQGD ( DV SpURODV FRQYHUWHUDP 5H\
GHILQLWLYDPHQWHQR+RPHPGD3LFDGH2XUR
$FDERXVH R GLQKHLUR H D FRPLGD GD YHOKD 7UHSDYDP
WUrVRX TXDWUR YH]HV SRU GLD H D YHOKD VH DFDERX QDVFHUDPOKH
PDLVUXJDV HVWDYD FRP R SHVFRoR FREHUWR GH FKXS}HV UR[RV
5XP FLJDUURV VH[R H P~VLFD GR UiGLR %RD P~VLFD GH VDOVD $
YLGDHUDLVVR$YLGDpLVVR$YLGDVHUiLVVR4XHPDLVVHSRGH
SHGLU"
)UHGHVELQGD LPDJLQRX XPD FRLVD H SUHFDYLGDPHQWH
QmRFRQWRXDQLQJXpPTXHPHUDDTXHOHUDSD]5H\jVYH]HVVDtD
GHQRLWHQDFREHUWXUDROKDYDSDUDRTXHXPGLDIRUDVXDFDVDH
QmRVHQWLDDEVROXWDPHQWHQDGD1HPQRVWDOJLDQHPOHPEUDQoDV
QDGD(UDXPFDUDGXUmR4XDQGRSHQVDYDDVVLPVHQWLDYRQWDGH
GHOXWDUER[H'HEDWHUGXURQDFDUDGHXPQHJURIRUWH
5HFHEHU XQV TXDQWRV SHVFRo}HV DVVLPLODU H GHYROYHU
EDWHQGRPDLVGXURDLQGD'XURPDLVGXURDWpSRGHUPDQGDUXP
JDQFKRQRItJDGRHDUUHEHQWDURVXMHLWRQDORQD
(VVDQRLWHIRLXPSRXFRYLROHQWRQDFDPD3UHJRXXQV
TXDQWRV ERIHW}HV HP )UHGHVELQGD 3RU QDGD 6y SDUD PRWLYDU
$JDUUDYDRVELFRVGRVSHLWRVGHODHUHWRUFLD(ODJRVWDYD
³$LDVVLPSDSLEDWHPHPDFKXFDPHDSHUWDRV
SHLWRV DL YDL PDPD FKXSD PHX OHLWH EDQGLGR VHP
YHUJRQKD
,VVR R H[FLWDYD PDLV H DFDEDUDP H[WHQXDGRV
'RUPLUDP FRPR SHGUDV 1R GLD VHJXLQWH QmR WLQKD QHP FDIp
QHP XP WRV WmR (OH GHVFHXD HVFDGD GH HVW{PDJR YD]LR 7LQKD
SHQVDGR TXH QR PHUFDGR DJUtFROD GH $QLPDV SRGLD HQFRQWUDU
DOJXPDFRLVDSDUDID]HU2GLDYDWUDEDOKDUPDVQmRTXHULDYROWDU
DUHYLUDUROL[RHFRPHUFRLVDVSRGUHVFREHUWDVGHYHUPHV
5RQGRX XP SRXFR SHOR PHUFDGR SHUJXQWRX H
FRQVHJXLXDMXGDUDGHVFDUUHJDUXPFDPLQKmRGHEDQDQDVGHSRLV
RXWUR
7HYH WUDEDOKR DWp R PHLRGLD *DQKRX YLQWH SHVRV
5RXERXXPDVEDQDQDVPDGXUDVXPDVPDQJDVTXDVHSRGUHVHXP
SXQKDGRGHOLP}HV4XDQGRFKHJRXjFDVDGH )UHGHVELQGD FRP
WXGRLVVRHODVHDOHJURX
³$LWLWLYRFrpR5H\GH+DYDQD
³+HKHKH³HOHULXLQFKDGRRUJXOKRVRGRWUDEDOKR
³ 2 5HL GH +DYDQD ³ UHSHWLD )UHGHVELQGD
HQJROLQGREDQDQDVHPDQJDV
$VVLP SDVVDUDP RV GLDV (OH PXLWR GLVFLSOLQDGR VH
OHYDQWDYD DLQGD QR HVFXUR H LD GHVFDUUHJDU FDPLQK}HV QR
PHUFDGR
*RVWDYD GDTXHOH FKHLUR GH IUXWDV H YHUGXUDV PDGXUDV H
SRGUHVGDV EULQFDGHLUDV EUXWDV GRV RXWURV FDUUHJDGRUHV GRV
FDPSRQHVHVDVVXVWDGRVTXHFKHJDYDPQRVFDPLQK}HVGHVHVXMDU
FRP DWHUUD YHUPHOKD GDV PDQGLRFDV H EDWDWDVGRFHV )RL
DSHUIHLoRDQGRRURXER$JRUDGHL[DYDXPVDFRHPDOJXPFDQWR
HVFXUR HLD HQFKHQGR SRXFR D SRXFR $QWHV GR DPDQKHFHU
SHJDYDRVDFRVDtDSHODSRUWDGHWUiVHLDOHYDUSDUD)UHGHVELQGD
TXHHVWDYDjVXDHVSHUD
³&KHJRXR5HLGH+DYDQD
³5H\QDOGRVy5H\QDOGRVyLVVR
³1mRSDSLQmR9RFrpR5HLGH+DYDQD
­V YH]HV R VDFR FRQWLQKD Vy SHSLQRV H DOKRV 2XWUDV
YH]HVPHO}HVHDEyERUDV'HTXDOTXHUMHLWR)UHGHVELQGDYHQGLD
DTXLORHJDQKDYDPXQVSHVLQKRVDPDLV5H\ILFDYDFDGDGLDPDLV
KiELO
$ IHVWD GXURX XPDV GXDV VHPDQDV $JRUD HVWDYD PDLV
IRUWHPDLVEHPDOLPHQWDGRPXVFXORVRHXPSRXFRPDLVDOHJUH
%RPEHDYDVXD VHPHQWH HP )UHGHVELQGD GXDV RX WUrV YH]HV SRU
GLD $ YHOKDWDPEpP WLQKD VH HVTXHFLGR GR SRVVtYHO GUDPD GD
ILOKDQD,WiOLD
6HGX]LGDHDEDQGRQDGD"2XVHGX]LGDHH[SORUDGD"
7XGR R TXH FRPHoD WHUPLQD 8PD PDGUXJDGD
DSDUHFHXXP SROLFLDO QD SRUWD GR PHUFDGR QR H[DWR PRPHQWR
HP TXH5H\ LD VDLQGR FRP R VDFR FKHLR GH YHJHWDLV )RUD
GHQXQFLDGR
2SROLFLDOVHDSUR[LPRXGHSUHVVDHRUGHQRX
³ &LGDGmR GHWHQKDVH H PRVWUH R GRFXPHQWR GH
LGHQWLGDGH
5H\ ILFRX WmR DSDYRUDGR TXH QHP SHQVRX QR TXH ID]LD
-RJRXR VDFR HP FLPD GR SROLFLDO 'HUUXERXR QR FKmR H VDLX
FRUUHQGRQDGLUHomRRSRVWD&RUUHXIHLWRXPGHP{QLRFKHJRXD
6DQ/i]DUR H FRQWLQXRX SHOR SDUTXH 0DFHR DWp R 0DOHFyQ
0XLWRDVVXVWDGR VHQWRXVH XP SRXFR SDUD YHU VH HVWDYD VHQGR
VHJXLGR
1mR1LQJXpP(VWDYDDPDQKHFHQGROHQWDPHQWH3RXFRV
PLQXWRVGHSRLVMiDQGDYDPSRUDOLRVSULPHLURVSXQKHWHLURVGR
GLD
&DoDYDP PXOKHUHV TXH SDVVDYDP VR]LQKDV H DSUHVVDGDV
SDUD RWUDEDOKR 0RVWUDYDPOKHV R SDX H VH PDVWXUEDYDP
6HPSUHVHFRORFDYDPMXQWRDXPDFROXQDRXQXPW~QHOGHEDL[R
GDDYHQLGDGR0DOHFyQ6DELDPFRPRID]HU(UDPSHULWRV,DPVH
HVTXHQWDQGR DWp SDVVDU DOJXPD PXLWR HVSHFLDO H QD IUHQWH GHOD
VROWDYDPRVrPHQ/LPSDYDPVHHVHJXLDPDSpRXGHELFLFOHWD
4XDQGR R VRO DSHUWRX XP SRXFR 5H\ VDLX DQGDQGR
1mRVDELDSDUDRQGH1mRSRGLDYROWDUDRPHUFDGR$FDSHODGH
/D0LODJURVD HVWDYD DEHUWD 1D HVFDGDULD GH HQWUDGD JHQWH
SHGLQGR HVPROD FRP RV VDQWLQKRV QDV PmRV 5H\ VHQWRXVH DOL
REVHUYDQGR ´$FKR TXH YRX SHJDU PHX VDQWLQKR RXWUD YH]µ
SHQVRX
$ ILOD GRV {QLEXV GXSORV RV ´FDPHORVµ HVWDYD XPD
GHOtFLD2VFDPHORVSDVVDYDPGHSUHVVDDFDGDGH]PLQXWRV(P
FDGDXPGX]HQWDVSHVVRDVVXDQGRH[LQJDQGRXPDVHPFLPDGDV
RXWUDV
6H[R YLROrQFLD H OLQJXDJHP GH DGXOWRV 0DV D ILOD
FRQWLQXDYDLJXDO1mRGLPLQXtD8PDDYDODQFKHDWUiVGDRXWUDGH
JHQWH
(OHILFRXREVHUYDQGRGRLVQHJULQKRVEDWHGRUHVGHFDUWHLUD
TXHDSURYHLWDYDP TXDQGR R FDPHOR FKHJDYD 7RGRV VH
SUHFLSLWDYDPQXP WURSHO SDUD VXELU GLVWULEXLQGR FRWRYHODGDV
HPSXUUDQGRDSUHVVDGRV 2V QHJULQKRV PHWLDP DV PmRV QDV
EROVDV QRV EROVRV H DV SHVVRDV QmR SHUFHELDP 8PD EHOD
FROKHLWD5RXEDUDPSHORPHQRVVHLVFDUWHLUDVHVHPDQGDUDPGDOL
(UDPPXLWRKiEHLV
5H\JRVWRXGDTXLORHSHQVRX
´3DUHFH IiFLO PDV HX VRX PXLWRGHVDMHLWDGR SDUD PH
PHWHUDEDWHGRUGHFDUWHLUD(XPDPROH]DSRUTXHQmRWHPGHVH
DUUHEHQWDUFDUUHJDQGRVDFRPDVµ
³4XHUDPHQGRLP"
8PD YR] GRFH GH PXOKHU R LQWHUURPSHX /DUJRX QD
IUHQWHGHOHXPPRQWHGHFDUWXFKRVGHDPHQGRLP(OHROKRXSDUD
HODHJRVWRX(UDEHPPRUHQDFRPXPDERFDFDUQXGDXPURVWR
ERQLWR FDEHOR FRPSULGR SLQWDGR GH ORLUR FRP JUDQGHV UDt]HV
QHJUDV
$OWD PXLWR PDJUD 7LQKD FDUD GH HVWDU SDVVDQGR IRPH
DSHVDUGRVRUULVR(PXLWRVXMD(UDHYLGHQWHTXHQmRJRVWDYDGH
WRPDUEDQKR $ URXSD HUD YHOKD GHVERWDGD DVTXHURVD H
PRVWUDYD RXPELJR SURYRFDQWH PHVPR PDQFKDGR GH VXMHLUD H
IXOLJHP
³1mRWHQKRGLQKHLUR
³ (X GRX ( TXDQGR YRFr SXGHU SDJD 3DUD RXWUR
QmRPDVSDUDYRFrVLP
³0HGr
5H\SHJRXRFDUWXFKRGHSDSHOHFRPHoRXDPDVWLJDU
DPHQGRLP (OD VHQWRX D VHX ODGR $WUiV GHOHV QXP SDLQHO GD
LJUHMDXPJUDQGHFDUWD]GL]LDFRPOHWUDVYHUPHOKDV
´( HQWUDQGR QRWHPSOR FRPHoRX D H[SXOVDU WRGRV RV
TXHQHOHYHQGLDPHFRPSUDYDP6mR/XFDV
µ(PDLVDEDL[RFRPOHWUDVQHJUDV
µ3URLELGRVHQWDUQDHVFDGD'HL[HDSDVVDJHPOLYUHµ
³(SRUTXHSDUDPLPVLPHSDUDRXWURQmR"
³$K³HODGLVVHVHPVRUULUFRPXPJHVWRGXUR
³$KRTXr"
³$LGHL[DGLVVR0HGHXYRQWDGHGHGDUSUDYRFr
5H\QmRUHVSRQGHX(PIUHQWHQRSDUTXH0DFHRGRLV
VXMHLWRV HPSLQDYDP XPDV SLSDV MDSRQHVDV JUDQGHV H ERQLWDV
FRPEHORVGHVHQKRVFRORULGRV
³2OKHTXHOLQGR³HOHGLVVH
e
³-iWLQKDYLVWRLVVRDQWHV"
³-i­VYH]HVVmRGH]RXGR]HDRPHVPRWHPSR
$K
(OD YHQGHX XQV FDUWXFKRV )LFDUDP ORQJR WHPSR HP
VLOrQFLR 5H\ WLQKD JRVWDGR GHOD PDV QmR VDELDFRPR DERUGiOD
2VGRLV HUDP SREUHV GH SDODYUDV (OD YHQGLD DPHQGRLP (OH
JRVWDULDTXHWRGRVGLVVHVVHP
´$K HOD FDQWDYD EROHURVµ 0DV QmR (ODYHQGLD
DPHQGRLP2OKDYDSDUDHOHGHVRVODLRFRTXHWHHVHVRUULDP6H
JRVWDYDPHQDGDPDLV7UrVRXTXDWURKRUDVGHSRLVDFDERXWRGR
RDPHQGRLP(UDPHLRGLD(ODWRPRXDLQLFLDWLYD
³9DPRVRXYRFrYDLILFDU"
³9DPRV
)RUDPQDGLUHomRFLD%HODVFRDtQ
³4XHUXPDSL]]D"
³1mRWHQKRGLQKHLUR
³1mRSUHFLVDGL]HUPDLVQDGD-iVHL
(OD FRPSURX GXDV SL]]DV 8P SRXFR PDLV DGLDQWH
QXPEDU FRPSURX XPD JDUUDID GH UXP PDWDUDWRV H XP PDoR
GHFLJDUUR&DGDXPEHEHXXPJROH5H\IH]XPDFDUHWD
³$UJKFDFKDoDGHDo~FDU&RPRYRFrFKDPD"
³0DJGDOHQD0HFKDPDPGH0DJGD(YRFr"
³5H\0HFKDPDPGH5HLGH+DYDQD
³+DKDKD,VVRYRFrYDLWHUGHSURYDU
³ 1mR WHQKR TXH SURYDU QDGD e DVVLP TXH PH
FKDPDP
(OD ULD PDV R ROKDU FRQWLQXDYD GXUR FRP VXDV
JUDQGHVVREUDQFHOKDV HVFXUDV H ERQLWRV ROKRV QHJURV 3DUHFLD
XPDFLJDQDERQLWDPDJUDWHQVDHYLEUDQWHFRPRXPFDQLoR
³4XDQWRVDQRVYRFrWHPQHQpP"
³9LQWHHYRFr"
³1mRFDUDQmR9RFrWHPPHQRVGHYLQWH
³'H]HVVHLV
³$KPDVpXPPHQLQR
5H\ROKRXSDUDHODPXLWRVpULRHUHVSRQGHX
³7iPHQLQRPDVFRPXPDSLFDGHVWHWDPDQKR
(IH]XPJHVWRFRPDVPmRVGHERPWDPDQKR
³ (VFXWH DTXL UHVSHLWR p ERP H HX JRVWR GHL[H GH
EHVWHLUD
³1mRpEHVWHLUDpYHUGDGH
&RQWLQXDUDP DQGDQGR HP VLOrQFLR 7RPDUDP RXWUR
JROHGDJDUUDID5H\FRPHoRXDIDODUGHQRYR
³(YRFr"
³(HXRTXr"
³4XDQWRVDQRVWHP"
³$KHXVRXYHOKDSUDYRFr
³'HYHWHUXQVWULQWDHSRXFRV
³9LQWHHRLWR
6HJXLUDP %HODVFRDtQ DFLPD 'HVFHUDP D 5HLQD
HQWUDUDPQD )DFWRUtD H VH HQILDUDP SHOR EDLUUR GH -HVXV 0DULD
4XDQGRFKHJDUDP D XP HGLItFLR TXDVH WRWDOPHQWH GHVWUXtGR
0DJGDOHQDDSRQWRX
³9HQKDSRUDTXL
(QWUDUDP QDTXHOD UXtQD 6XELUDP D HVFDGD VHP
FRUULPmR
)RL XP GLD XP ERQLWR HGLItFLR (P DOJXQV SRQWRV
UHVWDYDPD]XOHMRVVHYLOKDQRVJUDQGHVSODFDVGHPiUPRUHEUDQFR
FREULQGR DV SDUHGHV H SHGDoRV GH OLQGRV EDOD~VWUHV GH IHUUR
IRUMDGR
$JRUDHVWDYDWRWDOPHQWHGHVWUXtGR0DLVGDPHWDGHWLQKD
GHVSHQFDGR 1R SHGDoR TXH DLQGD VH PDQWLQKD GH Sp KDYLD
WUrVTXDUWRV &DGD XP FRP XPD SRUWD H XP FDGHDGR 8P HUD
GH0DJGDOHQD /i GHQWUR Vy KDYLD XP FROFKRQHWH QR FKmR
1XPFDQWR XPD WHUULQD XPD MDUUD XPD FROKHU XPD ODWD FRP
iJXDXPIRJmR]LQKRGHFDUYmRYHJHWDOHWUrVFDL[DVGHSDSHOmR
XPDFRPXPDVURXSDVPXLWRYHOKDVHSXtGDVRXWUDFRP
XPDV HPEDODJHQV GH DUUR] IHLMmR Do~FDU H XPD RXWUD FRP XP
VDFRGHDPHQGRLPFUXHXPDSURYLVmRGHSDSHOEUDQFRSDUD
FRQIHFFLRQDURVFDUWXFKRV
0DJGD EHELD UXP H IXPDYD ­V YH]HV XP SRXFR GH
PDFRQKD(SRXFDFRPLGD1mRIDODUDPPXLWR4XDVHQDGD2X
QDGD
(ODIHFKRXDSRUWDDEULXXPDMDQHODSDUDDUHMDUXPSRXFR
RTXDUWR2OKDUDPVHHVHEHLMDUDP$VSDODYUDVQmRID]LDPIDOWD
RXWUR
1HQKXP GRV GRLV VH LQFRPRGDYD FRP D VXMHLUD GR
(ODWLQKDXPD[RWDXPSRXFRiFLGDHDEXQGDFKHLUDQGR
DPHUGD (OH WLQKD XPD QDWD EUDQFD H IHGLGD HQWUH D FDEHoD
GRSDX H D SHOH TXH D URGHDYD $PERV FKHLUDYDP D ERGXP QDV
D[LODV D UDWR PRUWR QRV SpV H VXDYDP 7XGR LVVR RV H[FLWDYD
4XDQGRQmR DJHQWDUDP PDLV IRL SRUTXH HVWDYDP H[WHQXDGRV
GHVLGUDWDGRVHDQRLWHFLD(ODHRVRXWURV YLYLDP DOL LOHJDOPHQWH
SRUTXHR HGLItFLR SRGLD GHVPRURQDU D TXDOTXHU PRPHQWR
3RUWDQWRQmRWLQKDiJXDQHPJiVQHPHOHWULFLGDGH1mRWLQKDP
QHPXPDYHOD$QRLWHFHXHFRQWLQXDUDPMRJDGRVQDHQ[HUJDQR
HVFXURPHLRErEDGRV PHLR HVWXSLGLILFDGRV GH WDQWR H[DJHUR QR
VH[R
³ 5H\ HVWRX FRP R HX DUGHQGR 2 HX H D ERFHWD
9RFrDFDERXFRPLJR
³3RUTXHYRFrpXPDYHOKD(XHVWRXLQWHLUR
³ $KK HVWi LQWHLUR p" HVSHUH Dt DJRUD YRFr YDL
PHSURYDUVHpR5HLGH+DYDQDRXR&XGH+DYDQD
3URFXURX QR IXQGR GH XPD FDL[D 7LQKD PHLR TXLOR
GHPDFRQKD HVFRQGLGR QR PHLR GDTXHOHV WUDSRV VXMRV
(QURORXGRLV *XDUGRX GH QRYR R SDFRWH H DFHQGHUDP RV GRLV
EDVHDGRV
$VSLUDUDPEHPIXQGR$WpTXDVHDUUHEHQWDURVSXOP}HV
(ODFRPHoRX D H[FLWiOR 3HJRX R SDX PRUWR H PHWHX QD ERFD
$HUYD HUD ERD )H] XP ERP HIHLWR 2 ELFKR VH GHVHQURORX
HPSLQDQGR SURFXUDQGR TXHP PRUGHU &RPHoDUDP GH QRYR
5H\QmR WLQKD PDLV SRUUD $ SLURFD VHFD 7UrV KRUDV PDLV
$FDEDUDPGRUPLQGR
1R GLD VHJXLQWH DFRUGDUDP WDUGH (OD DFHQGHX R
IRJmR]LQKR GH FDUYmR WRUURX DPHQGRLP 3UHSDUDUDP FHP
FDUWXFKRV
-i HUD PHLRGLD TXDQGR 0DJGD VDLX SDUD YHQGHU $QWHV
FDJRXQXP SHGDoR GH SDSHO IH] XP HPEUXOKR H MRJRX QD
FREHUWXUDGRHGLItFLRYL]LQKR'HVFHUDPDHVFDGD
³2TXHYRFrYDLID]HU5H\"
³9RXFDWDUJDUUDIDGHSOiVWLFRQXPFDIpDt7HPXPD
OL[HLUDFKHLDGHFRSRHJDUUDID
³$VJUDQGHVGiSDUDYHQGHUSRUGRLVSHVRV
³(XVHL
³ 7RPH ³ GHXOKH FLQFR SHVRV ³ FRPD DOJXPD
FRLVDSRUTXHYRFrPHUHFHX4XDVHPHPDWRXHVVDQRLWH
³+DKDKD6RXR5HLRXQmRVRX"
³8KPPP
³7FKDXDJHQWHVHYrGHQRLWH
FRSRV
5H\FDWRXGROL[RDVJDUUDIDVYD]LDVGHUHIULJHUDQWHRV
7HQWRX YHQGrORV QXPD FHUYHMDULD D JUDQHO 2V EHEXQV
QmRWLQKDPFRSRVQHPJDUUDIDVPDVDOL HVWDYD 5H\ RIHUHFHQGR
RPDWHULDO 6y TXH RV FRSRV H DV JDUUDIDV WLQKDP XP DVSHFWR
SRUFRGHPDLVHQLQJXpPFRPSURXGHOH2XWURVYDJDEXQGRVXP
SRXFRPDLVOLPSRVWDPEpPYHQGLDPFRSRVHJDUUDIDVUHFROKLGRV
SRUDOL QDV OL[HLUDV GRV FDIpV TXH YHQGLDP D GyODU $TXHOH
QHJyFLRWLQKDFRQFRUUrQFLD
0DJGD
,UULWDGR GH PDX KXPRU 5H\ YROWRX SDUD R SUpGLR GH
(UDP TXDVH QRYH GD QRLWH 6XELX QR HVFXUR FKHJRX j
SRUWD HHVFXWRX VXVSLURV H JHPLGRV (UD 0DJGD WUHSDQGR FRP
RXWUR
)LFRX PXLWR SXWR ´$K HVVD SXWD HVWi PH JR]DQGRµ
SHQVRX
%DWHXIRUWH2VVXVSLURVFHVVDUDP6LOrQFLR
³0DJGDOHQD$EUD
(OD DEULX H WHQWRX HPSXUUiOR 0DV HOH HQWURX FRPR
XPYHQGDYDO 8P KRPHP YHOKR PDJUR VXMR XP SRXFR
DQGUDMRVRHVWDYDWHQWDQGRYHVWLUDVFDOoDVSUHFLSLWDGDPHQWH5H\
R DJDUURX SHOR SHVFRoR 'HXOKH XQV VRSDSRV 2 VXMHLWR QmR
UHYLGRX
³4XHpLVVRPHQLQD"9RFrRTXHppPXLWRSXWD
([SXOVRX R VXMHLWR GR TXDUWR 2 LQIHOL] QmR DEULX D
ERFDHVDLXFRUUHQGRHVFDGDDEDL[R0DJGDJULWRXSDUDHOH
³$PDQKmDJHQWHVHYr5REHUWLFR1mRVXPD1mR
WHQKDPHGRGHVWHDTXLTXHHOHQmRpQHQKXPSHLGRTXHUDVJXH
DFXHFD
5H\ILFRXDLQGDPDLVIXULRVRTXDQGRRXYLXDTXLOR(OD
RHQIUHQWRX
³(VFXWHDTXLFDUDOKRTXHPYRFrSHQVDTXHpSUD
PHDSURQWDUXPDGHVVDV"(VWiSHQVDQGRTXHpPHXPDULGRp"
³(XVRXVHXPDULGR6RXVHXPDULGRHYRFrWHPGH
PHUHVSHLWDU
³9RFrRTXHppXPIRGLGRHXPPRUWRGHIRPHTXH
QmRWHPRQGHFDLUPRUWR
³(YRFr"(DOJXPDPLOLRQiULD"
³ 9RFr QmR VDEH TXH HVVHV YHOKRV PH SDJDP YLQWH
WULQWDSHVRVSRUXPDWUHSDGLQKD"(QHPILFDPGHSDXGXUR
ORXFD
³ 1mR ILFDP" (X RXYL YRFr VXVSLUDQGR IHLWR XPD
³ 7HDWUR ILOKLQKR 7HDWUR SUD DQLPDU HOHV &RP RV
YHOKRVWRGRVWHPTXHID]HUPXLWRWHDWUR(HVWRXSRXFROLJDQGR
VH HOHVOHYDQWDP RX QmR 6H PHWHP HP PLP RX GHL[DP IRUD -i
PHWLFRPPDLVGHTXLQKHQWDVSLFDVGHVGHTXHWLQKDRLWRDQRVGH
LGDGHDWpKRMHHDQWHVGHPRUUHUYRXPHWHUFRPPDLVTXLQKHQWDV
9RFrQmRILTXHSHQVDQGRTXHpWmRGXUmRDVVLPQmR
³9RFrpXPDIRGLGD
0DJGD PXGRX GH WRP GH UHSHQWH H VH IH] PHORVD H
VHGXWRUD
³&KHJDSDSLFKHJD1mRILTXHEUDYLQKR
³%UDYLQKRXPFDFHWH
³ &KHJD FKHJD EHQ]LQKR FKHJD 2OKH R TXH HX
WHQKRDTXL ³ 0RVWURX XPD JDUUDID GH UXP ³ (VWDYD
HVSHUDQGRYRFr JDURWR 0DV DTXHOH YHOKR YHLR DWUiV GH PLP H
YRXOKHGL]HUXPDFRLVDFDLDQDUHDO
WRGDYH]TXHHXSXGHUJDQKDUYLQWHSHVRVFRPXPYHOKR
GHVVHVHXJDQKR$EURDVSHUQDVHHOHVTXHYHQKDPGHOtQJXDRX
GHGHGR
³7iWiERP
³$KHVWiYHQGRYRFrpLQWHOLJHQWHPDVjVYH]HVVH
ID]GHEHVWD9iPHGrXPEHLMLQKR
6H GHVSLUDP H VH MRJDUDP QD HQ[HUJD 3DVVDUDP DV
KRUDVFRP UXP H IXPR GR ERP ( DV KRUDV H RV GLDV H DV
VHPDQDV 5H\VH DFRVWXPRX FRP RV YHOKRV YDJDEXQGRV TXH
SDJDYDPSDUDODPEHUDTXHOD[RWDDUGLGDHIHGRUHQWDPDVWXUEDU
0DJGD FRP RVGHGRV WHQWDU PHWHU QHOD ­V YH]HV HOH VDtD GR
TXDUWRHVHQWDYDQDHVFDGD*RVWDYDGHHVFXWDURWHDWURTXHHOD
ID]LD GH VXVSLURVH JHPLGRV $V YH]HV EHUUDYD XP SRXFR
RIHJDYDJULWDYDHPDQGDYDQRVYHOKRV
´%HEH R PHX OHLWLQKR PH PHWH R GHGR PHWHLQWHLUR
9RFrVLPpTXHpRERPDLYHOKRYHDGRVHPYHUJRQKDYRFr
pTXHpRERPEHEHPDLVOHLWLQKRµ5H\DFKDYDGHPDLVSDUDVHU
VyWHDWUR(ILFDYDFLXPHQWRIHLWRXPFDFKRUUR'DYDOKHYRQWDGH
GH HQWUDU Oi GHQWUR SHJDU RV GRLV SHOR SHVFRoR HDUUHEHQWDU D
FDEHoDGHOHVQDSDUHGH
8PGLDHQFRQWURXFRPHODHUQIUHQWHD/D0LODJURVD
SDVVDQGR XPD FDQWDGD QXP PRWRULVWD GR FDPHOR (UD XP
QHJUmRPXLWR SUHWR H IRUWH 5H\ WRPRX FXLGDGR (VSHURX R
FDPHORLUHPERUDSDUDFKHJDUSHUWR
³(VVHQmRHUDYHOKRVXDSXWD
³$KYDLPHYLJLDUDJRUDp"
³(VVHQmRHUDYHOKR
GHOH
³0DVHUDXPQHJUmROLQGtVVLPRHHVSHUWR)@HXJRVWR
³(GDt"9RFrJRVWDGHQHJUR"
³(GHPXODWRVTXHQHPYRFrSDSL
³(GHEUDQFRQmR"
³ 1mR %UDQFR" 1mR 'HVGH PHQLQD PH DFRVWXPHL
FRPRV QHJURV FRP DV SLURFDV EHP SUHWDV JUDQGHV H JURVVDV
TXHQHPYRFrSDSLTXHWHPXPSDXOLQGtVVLPReYHUGDGHYRFr
pR5HLGH+DYDQD
³(XQmRVRXQHJURQmRFRQIXQGD
³ 0DV p XP PXODWR PXLWR ERP H JRVWR PXLWR GH
YRFrHpXPEDLWDGHXPORXFR
³2OKHTXHMiHVWRXILFDQGRGHSDXGXUR
³ $L p PHVPR TXH GHOtFLD YDPRV SUy 0DOHFyQ
)D]WHPSRTXHQmRWUHSRQR0DOHFyQHPFLPDGRPXUR
$WUDYHVVDUDP R SDUTXH 0DFHR 6HQWDUDPVH HP FLPD
GRPXUR(ODVHUHFRVWRXQXPDFROXQDHDEULXDVSHUQDV(VWDYD
FRPXPD VDLD ODUJD TXH FKHJDYD DRV WRUQR]HORV 5H\ VH
DFRPRGRX GHIUHQWH WLURX R ELFKR SDUD IRUD TXH ILFRX GXUR
DVVLPTXHVHQWLXRFKHLURGDERFHWDIHGLGDHiFLGDGH0DJGDHDOL
PHVPR FRSXODUDP IUHQHWLFDPHQWH GDQGR PRUGLGDV QR SHVFRoR
XPGRRXWUR
&ODUR TXH DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH DSDUHFHUDP RV YR\HXUV GH
VHPSUHGR SDUTXH 0DFHR 'HVHPEDLQKDUDP H WRFDUDP VXDV
SXQKHWDVIHLWR ORXFRV GHVIUXWDQGR R IUHQHVL DOKHLR 0DJGD
JRVWDYD GDTXLOR&RP R UDER GRV ROKRV ILFDYD ROKDQGR DTXHOHV
SDXV GXURV HGHVSXGRUDGRV TXH RV URGHDYDP (UD XPD
GHVPLRODGD ORXFDGHVGH PHQLQD GHVGH VHPSUH /RXFD SHORV
SXQKHWHLURVDHVSLDUFRPVHXVURVWRVVHUHQRVjVYH]HVDVVXVWDGRV
HP RXWUDV RFDVL}HVDULVFRV GLVWDQWHV VHPSUH PH[HQGR QR
QHJyFLR
(PQHQKXPPRPHQWRHODVROWRXRFHVWRGHFDUWXFKRV
GHDPHQGRLP *R]DUDP PXLWDV YH]HV FRPR VHPSUH (OD
ILFRXPHLR DGRUPHFLGD H[WHQXDGD PDV FRQWLQXDQGR D SUHJRDU
VHPSDXVD
´$PHQGRLP OHYH DPHQGRLP DPHQGRLQ]LQKR SUy
QHQrYDPRVOi$PHQGRLPµ2VSXQKHWHLURVWDPEpPDFDEDUDP
VHVDFXGLUDP EHP H VH DIDVWDUDP VHP PRVWUDU R URVWR DQGDQGR
GHODGRIHLWRFDUDQJXHMRV1HQKXPFRPSURXDPHQGRLP
$FHQGHUDP FLJDUURV HQTXDQWR GHVFDQVDYDP XP
LQVWDQWH
³(VFXWH5H\YROWDQGRDRDVVXQWR
³4XHDVVXQWR"
³'RVQHJURV
$KK
³(XWHQKRXPILOKRGHFLQFRDQRVFRPXPQHJUR
,YDQFLWRVDLXSUHWRIHLWRXPFRUYRLJXDODRSDLGHPLP
QmRSX[RXQDGD
³(RQGHHOHHVWi"
³1RLQWHULRUFRPXPDLUPmPLQKD
(GDt"
³(OHVGLVVHUDPTXHHXHVWRXORXFDHTXHRPHQLQRLD
PRUUHUGHIRPH(VHLOiRTXHPDLV9LHUDPHOHYDUDPHOH
³(D]WHPSR"
³)D]0DLVGHXPDQRTXHQmRYHMR(VWiPHOKRUOi
³(YRFrHVWiORXFDPHVPR"
³(VWRXGDFLQWXUDSUDEDL[R/RXFDSUDPHWHUFRP
WRGRVRVSDXVGHTXHJRVWDU6HYRFrpR5HLGH+DYDQDHXVRXD
5DLQKDSDSLWRD5DLQKDGH+DYDQD
PHUGD
ID]HU
2 QHJRFLQKR GH JDUUDIDV H FRSRV GH SOiVWLFR HUD XPD
5H\ ILFRX GLDV SHUDPEXODQGR SRU DOL VHP VDEHU R TXH
0DJGDRVXVWHQWDYD5XPPDFRQKDFLJDUURPXLWRVH[R
XQVSHVRV WRGR GLD 5H\ HVWDYD PDJURFRP R HVTXHOHWR FREHUWR
VyGHSHOHLJXDOD0DJGD(ODJRVWDYDGHVXVWHQWiOR
³ *RVWR SDSL *RVWR GH VHU VXD SXWD H GH GDU
GLQKHLURSDUDYRFr$LVHHXSXGHVVHID]HUDYLGDGHVFRODUXQV
GyODUHV H VXVWHQWDU YRFr IHLWR XP UHL GH YHUGDGH $Wp XPD
FRUUHQWLQKDGHRXURHXFRPSUDYDSUDYRFr
³$KSDUHGHVRQKDU
³3RUTXr"
³ 3RUTXH YRFr HVWi VXMD GHPDLV H PDJUD GHPDLV H
PXLWRHVWUDJDGDSRUWRGRVHVVHVYHOKRVIHGLGRV
³4XDOp"4XDOp"9iRIHQGHUDSXWDGDVXDPmH
³4XDOpPLQKDPmHHVWiPRUWD
³$LGHVFXOSH
³(PRUWDGHULUFDJDQGRQD[RWDGDVXD
³+DKDKD
0DJGDOHQD jV YH]HV VXPLD XPD QRLWH LQWHLUD 6HPSUH
YROWDYD D VHX FXEtFXOR PDV LVVR GHVDJUDGDYD 5H\ 1HVVDV
RFDVL}HVSDVVDYDDQRLWHHPFODUR
VHP GLQKHLUR VHP FRPLGD VHP UXPQHP PDFRQKD
1DGD1mRSRGLDQHPHQWUDUQRTXDUWRHGRUPLDQXPSDWDPDUGD
HVFDGD FRP DV EDUDWDV H RV ILOKRWHV GH UDWRSDVVDQGR HP FLPD
GHOH $ FDOoD YHOKD TXH )UHGHVELQGD OKH GHUDHVWDYD UDVJDGD H
LPXQGD$SDUHFLDPOKHRVDFRHDEXQGDSRUXPUDVJRGRWHFLGR
HQWUHDVSHUQDV8PDQRLWHFDtGRQDHVFDGDQDHVSHUDQoDGHTXH
0DJGD FKHJDVVH GH PDGUXJDGD DFDERX GRUPLQGR IHLWR XPD
SHGUD 1R VRQKR VHQWLX TXH XPD PmRGHOLFDGD R PDVWXUEDYD
(VWDYDFRPXPDJUDQGHHUHomRHDOJXpPRPDVWXUEDYDDWUDYpVGR
EXUDFR HQWUH DV SHUQDV GD FDOoD 1mRQmR HUD VRQKR (VWDYD
DFRUGDQGR$EULXXPSRXFRRVROKRVHYLXTXHHUDYHUGDGH1DGD
GH VRQKR PHVPR VDEHQGR TXH D YLGDp VRQKR 'HVSHUWRX
LQWHLUDPHQWH HVIUHJRX RV ROKRV $SHVDU GRHVFXUR UHFRQKHFHX
XPYHDGRTXHPRUDYDQRTXDUWRDRODGRDPDVWXUEiORVRUULQGR
)H]XPJHVWREUXVFRSDUDDIDVWDURVXMHLWRTXHGHOLFDGRUHWLURX
VHSHGLQGRGHVFXOSDV
³'HVFXOSHPDVQmRUHVLVWLjWHQWDomR9RFrHVWDYD
FRPHOHGXURHVSHUDQGRXPDFDUtFLD
³4XHFDUtFLDRFDUDOKRFDUD
5H\ VH S{V GH Sp QXP VDOWR &RPR XP WLJUH 0DJUR
PDVWLJUH 'HX XQV SHVFRo}HV QR YHDGR TXH VH S{V D JULWDU
SHGLQGRVRFRUUR
³ $L DL DL VHX DQLPDO QmR PH EDWD PDLV 3RU TXH
QmRYDLEDWHUQXPKRPHPTXHQHPYRFr"
5H\ R SHJRX SHOR SHVFRoR H LD MRJiOR HVFDGD DEDL[R
TXDQGR YLX TXH HVWDYD YHVWLGR GH PXOKHU &RP XP URVWR
OLQGtVVLPRHSHUXFDORLUD(VHFRQWHYH2OKDUDPVHGHIUHQWH(UD
OLQGD
8PD PXOKHU OLPSD FRP SHOH GHOLFDGD SHUIXPDGD 'H
VDLDFXUWD )LFDUDP HP VLOrQFLR VH ROKDQGR 2 WUDYHVWL
PDVVDJHDQGRRVJROSHV
³$LSXWDTXHSDULXYRFrDFDERXFRPLJR
³ (X VRX KRPHP SRUUD 4XHP PDQGRX WRFDU
SXQKHWDHPPLP"
³$LPHQLQRWDPEpPQmRpSDUDWDQWRHVWDYDDtVH
RIHUHFHQGRHUHWRQRPHLRGDHVFDGD$FDUQHpIUDFD
³0DVHXVRXKRPHPQmRPHHQFKDRVDFR
³ $L VHL WRGRV QyV VRPRV KRPHQV LQIHOL]PHQWH
TXHVDFR
³,QIHOL]PHQWHRFDUDOKR(XJRVWRGHVHUKRPHP
³$KQmRHQFKHQmRHQFKHTXHDTXLTXHPQmRFDQWD
RKLQRSHORPHQRVVDEHDOHWUD9HQKDFRPLJR
³3UDRQGH"
³9HQKDHQmRSHUJXQWH2TXHYRFrHVWiID]HQGRDt
DEDQGRQDGR"(VVDSXWDGHL[DYRFrMRJDGRQDPHUGD9HQKDFi
5HFHRVR GHVFRQILDGR GDTXHOH YHDGR SUD Oi GH YHDGR
5H\REHGHFHX H IRL DWUiV (UD PHOKRU GR TXH FRQWLQXDU DOL QD
HVFDGD(RPDLVSURYiYHOHUDTXH0DJGDQmRYROWDVVH
4XDQGR 5H\ HQWURX QR TXDUWR ILFRX DVVRPEUDGR
7LQKD GHWXGR DOL GHQWUR 'HVGH OX] HOpWULFD DWp WHOHYLVmR
JHODGHLUD FRUWLQDV GH UHQGD XPD FDPD GH FDVDO FRP ELFKRV GH
SHO~FLD HP FLPDXPD SHQWHDGHLUD FREHUWD GH SRWHV GH FUHPH H
SHUIXPH 7XGROLPSR LPDFXODGR VHP XP JUmR GH SRHLUD DV
SDUHGHV SLQWDGDV GHEUDQFR HQIHLWDGDV FRP JUDQGHV S{VWHUHV
FRORULGRV GH EHOtVVLPDVPXOKHUHV QXDV 1XP FDQWR XP DOWDU
GRPLQDGRSRUXPFUXFLIL[RHDWUtDGHLQHYLWiYHOHP&XED
VmR /i]DUR D 9LUJHQ GH ,D &DULGDGGHL &REUH H VDQWD
%iUEDUD ( IORUHV PXLWDV IORUHV %RQHTXLQKRVGH SOiVWLFR H GH
YLGUR SRU WRGR ODGR 3HTXHQRV %XGDV HOHIDQWHVFKLQHVLQKDV
EDLODULQDVGHPDPERtQGLRVGHJHVVR7XGRPLVWXUDGR2NLWVFK
HOHYDGRjVXDPi[LPDH[SUHVVmR
2 YHDGR DFHQGHX XPD YDUHWD GH LQFHQVR 3HJRX XP
SXQKDGR GH DOIDYDFD H GH RXWUDV HUYDV IRL DWp R FDQWR RQGH
PDQWLQKDXP SHTXHQR ED~ 7RFRX D PDGHLUD EHLMRX RV
JXHUUHLURVGHVSHMRXDVHUYDVUHJRXWXGRFRPSHUIXPHHFRPXP
FRSR GH FDFKDoD WRFRX XP VLQLQKR ( YROWRX D DWHQGHU VHX
FRQYLGDGR
GXUR
5H\ ROKRX EHP SDUD HOH DJRUD QD OX] 7LQKD EDWLGR
(VWDYD FRP XPDV GXDV PDQFKDV UR[DV QR URVWR ( HUD
OLQGR 2XOLQGD" (UD PXLWR ERQLWR QD YHUGDGH 3DUHFLD XPD
PXOKHU EHOtVVLPD PDV DR PHVPR WHPSR SDUHFLD XP KRPHP
EHOtVVLPR5H\QXQFDWLQKDYLVWRQDGDLJXDO3HORPHQRVGHSHUWR
FRPWDQWRVGHWDOKHV(VWDYDVHQWDGRFRPVHXVDQGUDMRVQD~QLFD
SROWURQDTXHKDYLDQRTXDUWR1mRVDELDRTXHGL]HU
³(VWiIDVFLQDGR"
$KQ"
³9RFrHVWiIDVFLQDGR"3RUPLP"
³2TXHpIDVFLQDGR"
³1DGDQDGD4XHUFRPHUDOJXPDFRLVD"
³4XHUR
³3RUTXHQmRWRPDXPEDQKRDQWHV"
³%DQKR"0DVDTXLQmRWHPiJXD'HRQGHpTXHYRFr
WLUDDHQHUJLDHOpWULFDHWXGR"
³ $L UDSD] QmR ILTXH LQYHVWLJDQGR DFDERX GH PH
FRQKHFHU H Mi HVWi LQYHVWLJDQGR WXGR SDUD PH FRQWURODU
UDSD]YRFrFRPRPDULGRGHYHVHUWHUUtYHO
SRUUD"
³ 4XDO p TXDOp HVWi SHQVDQGR R TXr" 4XH PDULGR
³(XPHFKDPR6DQGUD$SUHQGD6DQGUD6DXGUD(
QmRIDOHDVVLPFRPLJRTXHQmRJRVWRGHYXOJDULGDGH1mRJRVWR
WDPEpP TXH PH WUDWHP PDO (X VRX DVVLP TXH QHP XPD
SULQFHVD
³$KSRLVHXPHFKDPDPGH5HLGH+DYDQD
³ ,VVR YRFr YDL WHU GH SURYDU e XP WtWXOR GH
QREUH]DYDLWHUTXHSURYDU
³$0DJGDGL]DPHVPDFRLVD
³ $L UDSDDD] QmR PH IDOH PDLV GHVVD PXOKHU
EULJXHQWDIHGLGD SXWD PRUWD GH IRPH LQWULJDQWH H IRIRTXHLUD
2OKH R TXHHOD HVWi ID]HQGR FRP YRFr XP OL[R ( YRFr
DJHQWDQGR3RUTXHTXHUSRUTXHQRILPGDVFRQWDV
³1RILPGDVFRQWDVRTXr"
³1RILPGDVFRQWDVRTXHHODWHPTXHHXQmRWHQKR"
'LJDDt GLJD (X SHOR PHQRV WRPR EDQKR WRGR GLD H TXDQGR
WHQKRKRPHP FXLGR GHOH FRPR VH IRVVH SUtQFLSH 1mR GHL[R
IDOWDUQDGD
1DGD(XVLPFXLGRGRVPHXVKRPHQV
6DQGUD DSURYHLWRX SDUD HUJXHU R FRUSR H DUUDQMDU RV
SHTXHQRV VHLRV 7LQKD RUJXOKR GHOHV (UDP SHTXHQRV PDV
RULJLQDLV
1DGD GH VLOLFRQH 7LQKD FRQVHJXLGR RV SHLWLQKRV FRP
0HGURQHXP FRPSULPLGR DQWLFRQFHSFLRQDO H UHJXODGRU GD
PHQVWUXDomRjEDVHGHKRUP{QLRVIHPLQLQRV
5H\REVHUYRXRVSHLWRVGH6DQGUDHSHQVRXTXHHUDP
ERQLWRVPDVPRUGHXDOtQJXD6DQGUDSHUFHEHXRROKDUGH5H\
³(VWiYHQGRTXHQmRPHIDOWDQDGD1DGD(SHOR
PHQRVVRX PDLV GLYHUWLGD TXH HVVD PXOKHU (OD GHYLD FKDPDU
$QJ~VWLD
³4XDOpQmRIDOHPDOGH0DJGD'HL[HHODHPSD]
³ ( YRFr DLQGD GHIHQGH VHX WRQWR OLQGR 9DL WRPDU
XPEDQKR H WLUD HVVD URXSD SDUD MRJDU IRUD $L UDSD] D JHQWH
SRGHVHUSREUHPDVQmRLQGLJHQWH
5H\ QmR UHVSRQGHX 'RHX RXYLU DTXHOH ´LQGLJHQWHµ
PDVORJR SHQVRX TXH QmR SDVVDYD GH XP LQGLJHQWH GHVGH TXH
QDVFHX ´(VVD 6DQGUD p XPD FREUD YHQHQRVD 2V YHDGRV GR
UHIRUPDWyULRHUDPFULDQoDVGHFRORSHUWRGHODµSHQVRX
1XPFDQWRGRTXDUWRKDYLDXPUDORGHiJXDQRFKmR
'HYLDWHU VLGR XP ODYDER $LQGD UHVWDYD D PDUFD 7RPRX XP
EDQKR
6DQGUD OKH HVWHQGHX XPD WRDOKD H OKH GHX GH SUHVHQWH
XPDEHUPXGDHXPDFDPLVHWD'HSRLVSUHSDURXXPDWRUWODFRP
SmRHUHIUHVFRIULR6DQGUDILFRXROKDQGRSDUDHOHFRPGHVIDoDWH]
³1HPSHQVHTXHYDLGHLWDUQDPLQKDFDPDSRUTXH
GHYHHVWDUFKHLRGHSLROKRVHFKDWRV
³4XDOpTXHFDUDOKRGHSLROKRTXHQDGD
³ 7i Wi -i GLVVH TXH RGHLR YXOJDULGDGH $L QmR
FRQVLJRHQFRQWUDUXPKRPHPILQRHOHJDQWHFDYDOKHLURTXHPH
Gr IORUHV GH SUHVHQWH 1mR 6mR WRGRV LJXDLV JURVVRV VXMRV GH
ERFDVXMD
³/DUJDGHIUHVFXUD
³7iERP9RFrGRUPHQRFKmRDPDQKmHXH[DPLQR
DVXD FDEHoD H R UHVWR SRUTXH WDPEpP QmR TXHUR QLQJXpP
FRPFKDWRDTXL
5H\ILFRXTXLHWR(UDPHOKRUQmRSURWHVWDU6DQGUDOKH
GHXXPD DOPRIDGD H HOH GRUPLX QR FKmR 7UDQTLODPHQWH 'H
PDQKm TXDQGR DFRUGRX 6DQGUD Mi KDYLD SUHSDUDGR R FDIp
$EULXXPDMDQHODHDOX]HQWURXGHVOXPEUDQWH(VWDYDGLIHUHQWH
9HVWLDDJRUDVKRUWMXVWRTXHGHL[DYDjPRVWUDXPSHGDFLQKRGDV
QiGHJDV (P FLPD XP EXVWLH]LQKR PtQLPR GH DOJRGmR
HVFRQGHQGR RV SHLWRV (UD XP PXODWR PXLWR FODUR FRP XPD
VXDYH FRU GHFDQHOD H SHOH OLQGD 0DJUR FRP XPD EXQGLQKD
FRPSDFWD LQVLQXDQWH R FDEHOR FXUWR H SUHWR XP EHOR SHUILO GH
OiELRV FDUQXGRV SHUQDV H EUDoRV FRPSULGRV H ILQRV 7XGR HUD
IOH[LELOLGDGH HGHOLFDGH]D FRP XPD DWPRVIHUD GH VXDYLGDGH
IHPLQLQDVHGXWRUD$VVLPTXHHOHDEULXRVROKRVGHXOKHRFDIp
³1mRGHYLDWHUIHLWRLVVRFRPYRFrFRLWDGLQKR
³,VVRRTXr"
³9RFrGRUPLUQRFKmR
³$KK(VWRXDFRVWXPDGR
³7RPHRFDIp
6DQGUD IRL DWp D MDQHOD IXPDQGR GHOLFDGDPHQWH
DGPLUDQGRDEHOH]DGHYDVWDGDGREDLUURGH-HVXV0DULD
RVHGLItFLRVGHDSHQDVGRLVRXWUrVDQGDUHVPXLWRDQWLJRV
HHPUXtQDV2VSiWLRVHQRUPHVFRPJUDQGHViUYRUHV
SDLQHLUDV PDQJXHLUDV PDPRHLURV 2 OHYH UXtGR GR
EDLUURVHPQHQKXPWUkQVLWR$OX]LQWHQVDGDPDQKm2FDORUHD
XPLGDGH DEUDVDGRUHV GHVGH FHGR $ VHQVXDOLGDGH GRV RGRUHV
6DQGUDIRLDWpRUiGLRHFRORFRXP~VLFD
6HQWLDVHEHP
³$KKKKTXHSHUIHLWR
WHU XP KRPHP HP FDVD 2 TXH pTXH YRFr ID]
5H\QDOGLQKR"
1DGD
³0DJGDVXVWHQWDYRFr"
³1mR
³ 0DV OKH Gi GLQKHLUR Mi TXH YRFr QmR PRUUHX GH
IRPHSHORTXHYHMR
$Kp
³9HQKDFi&KHJXHSHUWRGDMDQHODTXHWHPPDLVOX]
6DQGUD SHJRX VXD FDEHoD &RORFRX VXD WHVWD HQWUH RV
SHLWRVPL~GRV H FRPHoRX D FDWDU SLROKRV 5H\ SURWHVWRX
GHELOPHQWH
³(XQmRWHQKRSLROKR
³,VVRQyVYDPRVYHUHGHSRLVYRXH[DPLQDUSUDYHU
VHWHPFKDWR
³4XDOpTXDOpHL
5H\VHQWLXDSUHVVmRGDTXHOHVSHLWRV(JRVWRX6DQGUD
WLQKDXP FKHLUR GLIHUHQWH 8PD VXDYH IUDJUkQFLD GH OLPSH]D
0DJGDVHPSUH FKHLUDYD D VXMHLUD 7HYH XPD HUHomR TXH VH
PDQWHYHLPSHUWXUEiYHO0LQXWRVGHSRLV6DQGUDRDIDVWRXGHVL
³ 1mR WHP SLROKR PHVPR TXH HVWUDQKR $JRUD
YDPRV YHURV FKDWRV SRUTXH $L PHQLQR TXH VXVWR 2 TXH p
LVVR 9RFrHVWi VHPSUH GH SDX GXUR H GHSRLV ILFD RIHQGLGR VH D
JHQWHROKD
$LQmRHQWHQGRRVKRPHQV1XQFDHQWHQGHUHL
5H\WHQWRXHVFRQGHURSDXGXURSUHQGHQGRRHQWUHDV
SHUQDV PDV Mi HUD WDUGH GHPDLV 6DQGUD Mi KDYLD GHVFREHUWR
FRPJUDQGHHVWDUGDOKDoRFRPRWXGRRTXHID]LD
³9iYiPHGHL[HHPSD]
³ 1mR YRX GHL[DU HP SD] SRUTXH HX HVWRX PXLWR
OLPSDHPHFXLGRPXLWR$VVLPTXHWHPGHVHU1DGDGHFKDWR
(EDL[RXVHXVKRUW$TXHOHELFKRHUHWRHSRWHQWHILFRX
DLQGDPDLVGXUR6DQGUDWHQWRXSURFXUDURVFKDWRVHQWUHRVSrORV
S~ELFRVPDVQmRDJHQWRXDWHQWDomR
³$L5H\HXQmRDJHQWR
(PHWHXQDERFD5H\LDHPSXUUiODPDVpVDELGRTXH
DFDUQH p LQWHQVDPHQWH IUDFD H SHFDGRUD ( GHL[RX TXH HOH
IL]HVVH 6DQGUD DMRHOKDGD QD VXD IUHQWH WLURX R EXVWLH]LQKR H
PRVWURX RV SHLWRV OLQGRV SHUIHLWRV ILUPHV 5H\ WRFRX RV ELFRV
TXHILFDUDPGXURV6DQGUDSDURXXPSRXFRRTXHHVWDYDID]HQGR
6XELXDWpHOH%HLMRXR$KVLP(UDXPDVHPYHUJRQKD
4XHERFD TXH EHLMR FRP OtQJXD H WXGR 6DQGUD YROWRX D VHXV
DID]HUHVOiHPEDL[RHQTXDQWRWLUDYDRVKRUWHILFDYDQXD5H\Mi
HVWDYDQRSRQWR6DQGUDVHYLURXGHFRVWDV7LQKDXPEHOtVVLPR
HXDQHODQWH (OD PHVPD GLULJLX D RSHUDomR ( IRL SHQHWUDGD H
JR]DGD5H\DFDERXPDVHODTXHULDPDLV(UDJXORVDHQmROKH
GHXWHPSR GH IUDTXHMDU &RPHoRX D EHLMiOR H PDVWXUEiOR GH
QRYR
5H\FRQWLQXRXHUHWR(ODSHJRXXPSDQR~PLGR/LPSRX
XPSRXFRRELFKRHHQILRXQDERFD
³ 1mR WHQKD SUHVVD SDSLWR QmR WHQKD SUHVVD *R]H
HPPLP
0DV 5H\ QmR FRQVHJXLX UHVLVWLU PXLWR (P SRXFRV
PLQXWRV WHYH XP RUJDVPR 5HSHWLUDP XPD WHUFHLUD YH] 5H\
HVWDYDJRVWDQGR GH YHUGDGH (VWDYD GHVIUXWDQGR 6DQGUD HUD
SHULWDVHPH[HQGRSURYRFDQGR1DWHUFHLUDYH]5H\QRWRXTXH
HODWDPEpPWLQKDXPERPELFKRHUHWRHQWUHDVSHUQDV4XDVHWmR
JUDQGHTXDQWRRGHOH0DVHOHHUDKRPHPHQmRJRVWDYDGDTXLOR
(GHVYLRX RV ROKRV 6DQGUD VH PDVWXUERX VXDYHPHQWH (
DFDEDUDP MXQWRV VXVSLUDQGR VH EHLMDQGR 5H\ IH] TXH QmR
SHUFHEHXRRUJDVPRGH6DQGUD)LQJLXTXHQmRYLXQDGD9HVWLX
VHSDUDLUHPERUD
YDL"
³ $L PHQLQR TXH SUHVVD p HVVD" $RQGH p TXH YRFr
*R]RXMiYDLHPERUDIHLWRXPDQLPDODLRVKRPHQVVmR
WRGRVLJXDLVSRULVVRJRVWRWDQWRGHOHVKDKDKD
5H\ULXGDSLDGD(UDGLYHUWLGDDTXHODELFKD6DQGUD
HUDGLYHUWLGD
YRFr
³ 2OKH 5H\ QmR VHL SRU TXH PDV TXHUR DMXGDU
(XVRXDVVLPYRFrPHSHJRXGHOXD
7LURX GH XP HVFRQGHULMR FLQFR PDoRV GH FLJDUUR GH
SULPHLUDTXDOLGDGH
XP
³3HJXH,VWRDTXLGiSDUDYHQGHUDVHWHSHVRVFDGD
(PGyODUFPDLVFDUR1mRSUHFLVDPHGDUQDGD(QmRVH
SHUFDSDSLWRTXHYRFrpFDSD]GLVVRHGHPXLWRPDLV
³9DLHVWDUDTXLGHQRLWH"
³1mRPHXDPRUGHQRLWHHVWRXWUDEDOKDQGR6HQmR
WUDEDOKR PRUUR GH IRPH (X QmR WHQKR QLQJXpP TXH PH
VXVWHQWH DL VH DSDUHFHVVH XP PLOLRQiULR QD PLQKD YLGD FRPR
QDVQRYHODV 8P VXMHLWR GH FDEHOR JULVDOKR DOWR HOHJDQWH FRP
XPFDVWHOR QR FRUDomR GD (XURSDH PH WUDQVIRUPDVVH HP /DG\
'L6DQGUD &RP LDWHV H MyLDV H FKDPSDQKH ( R PLOLRQiULR
DUUHEDWDGR SRU PLQKD FDXVD ( HX DUUHEDWDGD FRP R PLOLRQiULR
GDQGRDYROWDDRPXQGRDKK
³$KYRFrHVWiORXFD
³6HPSUHIXLORXFD/RXFDGHSHGUD'HVGHTXHQDVFL
³(SHUFHEL(VWRXLQGR
³ 9HQKD GXUDQWH R GLD VRX VXD 3HOR PHQRV DWp
DSDUHFHURPLOLRQiULRHXVRXVXD0DVVHPSUHGHGLDSRUTXHGH
QRLWHVRXXPDDYHXPDPDULSRVDGDQRLWHXPDIORUPXUFKDXPD
PHUFHQiULDGRDPRU
³2TXHYRFrHVWiIDODQGRRTXHpLVVR"
³ 1DGD QDGD 5H\]LQKR 5H\ PHX 5HFRQWUDUUH\
5H\ORXFR SDX]XGR PH GHL[RX GH XP MHLWR DL VH WUHSDU
DVVLPFRPLJR GH QRYR ILFR DSDL[RQDGD SRU YRFr SDUD VHPSUH
SDUDWRGRRVHPSUHORXFR
³7iWi1mRVHMDPHORVR
³0HORVD
³0HORVD
%HLMDUDPVHQDERFD5H\JRVWRX1mRJRVWRX*RVWRX
)RLHPERUDFRPRVFLJDUURV
5H\ VDLX DQGDQGR VHP SUHVVD SRU 5HLQD &DUORV
7HUFHUR=DSDWD4XDQGRFKHJRXjSRUWDGRFHPLWpULRGH&RORX
DLQGDVREUDYDP GRLV PDoRV 3DURX XP SRXFR (QWUDUDP YiULRV
HQWHUURV &RP SRXFRV DFRPSDQKDQWHV $V SHVVRDV FDGD GLD YmR
PHQRVDRV IXQHUDLV ( QRUPDO D YLGD p PDLV LQWHUHVVDQWH TXH D
PRUWH
7XGR Mi p EHP IRGLGR SDUD DFUHVFHQWDU DLQGD PDLV
OiJULPDV 5H\QXQFD KDYLD HQWUDGR QXP FHPLWpULR 1HP
LPDJLQDYD R TXH DFRQWHFLD Oi GHQWUR 2IHUHFHX D WRGRV VHXV
PDoRVGHFLJDUUR9HQGHXWXGR-iHVWDYDLQGRHPERUDTXDQGRVH
DSUR[LPRX GHOH XP YHOKRPXLWR IHLR SHTXHQR H XP SRXFR
UHWRUFLGR FRPR VH WLYHVVH DFROXQD TXHEUDGD &RP XP URVWR
IXULEXQGRJULWRXSDUDHOH
³(LUDSD]DLQGDWHPFLJDUUR"
³1mR$FDERX
³$KSRUUD
³2VHQKRUWUDEDOKDDTXL"
³7UDEDOKR
³3RVVRLUEXVFDUHWUDJRSDUDRVHQKRU
³ 9i DWp /D 3HORWD (X YRX HVWDU WUDEDOKDQGR DOL
RQGHYRFr HQ[HUJDU XP EDQGR GH JHQWH QXP HQWHUUR p DOL
PHVPRTXHHXHVWRX
0LQXWRVGHSRLV5H\YROWDYDFRPRVFLJDUURV2YHOKR
H RRXWUR HVWDYDP EDL[DQGR XP DWD~GH SDUD R IXQGR GH XPD
VHSXOWXUD 2 YHOKR SDUHFLD DLQGD PDLV DPDUJR &LQFR SHVVRDV
DVVLVWLDP j RSHUDomR 6HP OiJULPDV 4XDQGR R FDL[mR FKHJRX
DRIXQGR DV SHVVRDV IRUDP HPERUD (VWDYDP FRP SUHVVD 8PD
GHODVFRORFRX XPD QRWD QD PmR GR YHOKR DJUDGHFHX H FRUUHX
SDUDDOFDQoDU RV RXWURV 0DLV XP PRUWR HVWDYD HVSHUDQGR DOL
SHUWRQD UXD HVWUHLWD D XQV FLQTHQWD PHWURV 7DPEpP
DFRPSDQKDGR SRU XPDV TXDWUR RX FLQFR SHVVRDV 2V FRYHLURV
WUDEDOKDYDPUiSLGDHKDELOPHQWH(QILDYDPWUrVDWD~GHVHPFDGD
VHSXOWXUDFRORFDYDP XPD SHVDGD WDPSD GH FLPHQWR $EULDP D
WXPEDVHJXLQWH 7UrV PRUWRV SRU FRYD 3{U D WDPSD $EULU D
RXWUD 0DLVWUrV SUD EDL[R 2 GLD LQWHLUR DVVLP ­V YH]HV HQWUH
XP HQWHUUR HRXWUR WLQKDP GH] RX TXLQ]H PLQXWRV ( HUDP Vy
GRLV 5H\ ILFRXREVHUYDQGR WXGR DTXLOR GHSRLV GH HQWUHJDU RV
FLJDUURVHFREUDULQFOXVLYHXPDSHTXHQDJRUMHWD
³4XHUWUDEDOKDUDTXL"³SHUJXQWRXRYHOKR
³1mRQmR
³3RUTXHQmR"
(OHQmRUHVSRQGHX6yIH]XPJHVWRGH´WDQWRID]µ
³4XHURXQmRTQHU"
³%RP4XDQWRSDJD"
³,VVRpFRPLJR'HSHQGHGDJRUMHWDTXHGmR3RVVR
GDUGH]RXYLQWHSHVRVSRUGLD
³7XGREHP
³ %RWH HVVH JRUUR H YDPRV ORJR TXH FRQWLQXDP
FKHJDQGR $R PHLRGLD Gi XPD SDUDGD 'H WDUGH FRPHoD GH
QRYRDWpDVVHLVPDLVRXPHQRV
5H\SDVVRXRGLDLQWHLUREDL[DQGRPRUWRVjVFRYDV1D
SDXVDGR PHLRGLD FRPHUDP XP SRXFR H IXPDUDP XP FLJDUUR
1HQKXPGRVWUrVIDORXQDGD&DGDXPQDVXD5H\GLVVHDSHQDV
³'HYLDPTXHLPDURVPRUWRV3URQWR7DQWRPRUWR
(XTXHLPDYD
YHOKR
³(PRXWURVSDtVHVLQFLQHUDPTXHPSHGH³GLVVHR
³ePHVPR"2VHQKRUVDEH"
³9LQWHHXPDQRVDTXL'HVHJXQGDDGRPLQJR6HP
GHVFDQVDUQHPXPGLD
³3RUUD1HPXPGLDGHGHVFDQVR"
1DGD
³%RPGHYHJRVWDUGRVPRUWRV6HVHQWHEHP
³1mRQmR0HVLQWRPDO6yIXLIHOL]QRGLDHPTXH
PHFDVHL'RLVGLDVGHSRLVPLQKDPXOKHUIRLHPERUD(SURQWR
1XQFDQDPLQKDYLGDWLYHRXWURGLDIHOL]
2RXWURVXMHLWRQHPOHYDQWRXRVROKRVGRFKmR/RJR
GHSRLVFRQWLQXDUDPHQWHUUDQGRPRUWRV­VVHLVDFDEDUDPVHRV
PRUWRV
³3RGHPLUMi
DUHLD
³0DVDLQGDWHPTXHVHODUDVWDPSDVFRPFLPHQWRH
(VmRPXLWDV³GLVVH5H\
³ (X FXLGR GLVVR )RUD $PDQKm DTXL jV RLWR ³
GLVVHRYHOKRHVWHQGHQGRXPDQRWDGHYLQWHSHVRVSDUDFDGDXP
6DtUDPMXQWRV2VGRLVFRPDPHVPDLGpLD
³9DPRVWRPDUXPUXP"
³9DPRVDWp/D3HORWD
$ HVVD KRUD RXWURV YDJDEXQGRV FLUFXODYDP SRU DOL
'HSRLVFKHJDUDPGXDVPXOKHU]LQKDVWmRVXMDVIHLDVDOFRROL]DGDV
HDQGUDMRVDVTXDQWRHOHV$FHLWDUDPXQVWUDJRV%HEHUDPMXQWRV
$VPXOKHU]LQKDVHUDPDOHJUHVHEHELDPSHVDGR(PGXDV
KRUDVHVWDYDP RV TXDWUR ErEDGRV 1mR GHPDLV Vy DOHJUHV -i
WLQKDPHVTXHQWDGR VH WRFDQGR ( IRUDP WUHSDU $WUiV GR
FHPLWpULR KiXPD UXD PXLWR HVFXUD H SRXFDV FDVDV H iUYRUHV 2
VXMHLWRSHJRXXPDGDVPXOKHU]LQKDVHQFRVWRXDQXPDiUYRUHH
WUHSRXFRPHOD(ODULDHHOHUHVIROHJDYD5H\IH]DPHVPDFRLVD
1DGD HVSHFLDO 1D YHUGDGH IRL XPD PHUGD 5H\ QHP ILFRX GH
SDXPXLWRGXUR$FDEDUDP&DGDPXOKHU]LQKDUHFHEHXXQVSHVRV
HDVGXDVIRUDPHPERUDULQGR5HVWDYDDLQGDXPSRXFRGHUXP
QD JDUUDID %HEHUDP PDLV XP SRXFR VHQWDGRV QD WHUUD
UHFRVWDGRVQDiUYRUHQRHVFXUR2VXMHLWRpTXHWHYHDLGpLD
³2OKHYDPRVSXODURPXURHSURFXUDURYHOKR
³ -i p TXDVH PHLDQRLWH (VVH YHOKR UHVVHQWLGR GHYH
HVWDUGRUPLQGR
³(XDFKRTXH
³2TXHYRFrDFKD"
³)D]XUQDVHPDQDTXHHVWRXGHDMXGDQWHHVVHYHOKR
HVWiDSURQWDQGR DOJXPD H HVWi PH GHL[DQGR GH IRUD 7HP
DOJXPQHJyFLRDt
³4XHQHJyFLRSRGHWHUQXPFHPLWpULR"2TXHpTXH
GiSDUDID]HU"9HQGHUPRUWR"
³1mRQmR(XVHLRTXHHVWRXGL]HQGR7RGDWDUGHp
DPHVPD FRLVD (OH ILFD VR]LQKR H QmR TXHU TXH DMXGH D
FLPHQWDUDVFRYDV
3XODUDP R PXUR $QGDUDP XP ERP WUHFKR HQWUH DV
VHSXOWXUDV H VH DSUR[LPDUDP GD ]RQD GRV PRUWRV UHFHQWHV 2
YHOKRDLQGDHVWDYDOi,OXPLQDGRFRPXPDODQWHUQD(UDXPDOX]
SHTXHQD$SUR[LPDUDPVHFRPFXLGDGRHFRPHoDUDPDREVHUYDU
2YHOKRHVWDYDDEULQGRRVDWD~GHV7LUDYDDURXSDGRVPRUWRV
5HYLVWDYD DV ERFDV 6H WLQKDP RXUR QRV GHQWHV HOH
DUUDQFDYDFRPXPDOLFDWH7LQKDDRODGRXPVDFRRQGHJXDUGDYD
D URXSD RVVDSDWRV $OJXQV HUDP HQWHUUDGRV GH WHUQR H JUDYDWD
5H\ REVHUYRX GHWLGDPHQWH DTXHOHV PRUWRV SiOLGRV ( R YHOKR D
GHVQXGiORVXPDXP6HPSUHVVD'HSRLVGHILFDUDOLXPSRXFR
R VXMHLWR VH OHYDQWRX GH UHSHQWH H IRL SDUD FLPD GR YHOKR
[LQJDQGR
³ (QWmR YHOKR VHPYHUJRQKD H HX" 0H GHL[RX GH
IRUDGRQHJyFLR
2 YHOKR ILFRX VXUSUHVR VHP VDEHU R TXH ID]HU 1D
SHQXPEUDHVWDYDGHVSLQGRXPGDTXHOHVOtYLGRVFDGiYHUHV/RJR
UHDJLX(VWDYDFRPXPDSiQDPmR
³9HPYHP
$YDQoRX SDUD FLPD GR RXWUR FRP D Si OHYDQWDGD H
DTXHODH[SUHVVmRGH ILOKRGDSXWD IXULEXQGR 5H\ QmR TXHULD YHU
PDLVPRUWHV 4XH VH GDQDVVHP ,D VH UHWLUDU PDV DLQGD PHLR
ErEDGRDOJRRUHWHYHHPVHXHVFRQGHULMR4XHULDYHU
2YHOKRDFHUWRXXPDERDSD]DGDQDFDEHoDGRRXWUR
(MRJRXR QR FKmR 1mR SHUGHX WHPSR %DWHX PDLV FRP R
FDQWRGD Si 6HPSUH QD FDEHoD $Wp HVSDWLIDUOKH R FUkQLR (UD
XPYHOKRUHWRUFLGRFSHTXHQRPDVIRUWH8PDSDVWDGHVDQJXH
HPDVVD HQFHIiOLFD VH GHUUDPRX QR FKmR 2 YHOKR SHJRX R
FDGiYHU)H]XPHVIRUoRHRFDUUHJRXFRPRXPVDFRHPFLPD
GRVRPEURV$WLURXRQDVHSXOWXUDDEHUWD3DUDRIXQGR&RPDV
PmRVHQRUPHVSHJRXDSDVWDYLVFRVDHWDPEpPDWLURXQRIXQGR
GDFRYD $SDJRX FRP R Sp DV PDQFKDV GH VDQJXH TXH ILFDUDP
QDWHUUD)H]DPHVPDFRLVDFRPDSi3URQWR$OLQmRDFRQWHFHX
QDGD &RQWLQXRX RFXSDGR FRP DTXHOH FDGiYHU TXH
HVSHUDYDWUDQTLODPHQWH SDUD VHU GHVSRMDGR GDV FDOoDV GRV
VDSDWRVGDVPHLDV
&RPPXLWRFXLGDGR5H\VHDIDVWRXVHPID]HUEDUXOKR
SHQVDQGR TXH HUD SUHFLVR WRPDU FXLGDGR FRP DTXHOH YHOKR
´(VVHVLP p XP VXMHLWR GXUmR XKPPP GXUmR PHVPR R
YHOKRµ
5HJUHVVRX OHQWDPHQWH 1mR WLQKD SUHVVD *RVWDYD GH
DQGDUGH PDGUXJDGD GH YDJDEXQGHDU VHP UXPR (UD PHOKRU
HVTXHFHUR FHPLWpULR$OpP GLVVR HUD WUDEDOKR GHPDLV SRU YLQWH
SHVRV
&KHJRXPXLWRFHGRDRHGLItFLR6XELXDHVFDGD%DWHXQD
SRUWDGH0DJGD(ODDEULXVRQROHQWD
³$KDWpTXHHQILPYRFrDSDUHFHX
³2PHVPRGLJRHX
0DJGDVHDWLURXQDHQ[HUJDGHQRYR(HOHDRODGRGHOD
'RUPLUDP QR PHVPR LQVWDQWH 4XDQGR DFRUGDUDP
SDVVDYDGRPHLRGLD&RPRVHPSUHHOHDFRUGRXFRPXPDHUHomR
IHQRPHQDO 0DJGD HVWHQGHX D PmR $SDOSRX DLQGD PHLR
DGRUPHFLGD
$SHUWRX (OH S{V D PmR QR VH[R GHOD ( VHP DEULU RV
ROKRV VHDFDULFLDUDP (OH FKHJRX PDLV SHUWR (VVD HUD 0DJGD
&RPFKHLURGHVXMHLUDLJXDODHOH/DPEHXVHXSHVFRoR&KHLURX
VXDVD[LODV IpWLGDV ,VVR R H[FLWDYD PXLWR 6XELX HP FLPD GHOD
SHQHWURXDHVHVHQWLXPXLWREHP5HDOPHQWHEHP6HULDDPRU"
1mRVHOHPEURXGDEHEDGLQKDGDQRLWHDQWHULRU1HPGH6DQGUD
ID]LDP
7UHSDUDPFRPSURIXQGLGDGHTXHUGL]HU VHQWLQGR R TXH
'HSRLV GR SULPHLUR RUJDVPR FRQWLQXDUDP ILFDUDP XP
SRXFRPDLVIUHQpWLFRV$KTXHERP
³*RVWDGHPLPWLWL"
³ *RVWR SDSLWR FRPR JRVWR FRPR PH VLQWR EHP
FRPYRFr
2VGRLVFRUSRVXQLGRVVHFRPXQLFDYDPDRVVXVVXUURV
FRPSHTXHQDVIUDVHVGHDPRU6HDFDULFLDYDPVHGHVHMDYDPFRP
FDGDSHGDFLQKR GRV VHQWLGRV 'HSRLV TXDQGR HVIULDYD D
VHQVXDOLGDGHGDYDSHQDVHQWLUWDQWRDPRU$VXWLOH]DGRDPRUp
XPOX[R
'HVIUXWiORpXPH[FHVVRLPSUySULRGRVHVWyLFRV
/HYDQWDUDPVH GD HQ[HUJD jV WUrV GD WDUGH 0DJGD OKH
RIHUHFHXUXP5HVWDYDXPSRXFRQXPDJDUUDID
³1mR(VWRXFRPIRPH
QDGD
³ 1HP FRPLGD QHP FDIp QHP FLJDUUR 1mR WHP
5XPHPDLVQDGD
³9RFrpXPGHVDVWUH
³ 9RFr p PDLV GHVDVWUH TXH HX 5H\ 6H HX QmR
DUUXPRJUDQDDJHQWHPRUUHGHIRPH
³%RPYiVHPDQGD$UUXPHDOJXP
DTXL
³ (VSHUH XP SRXFR FKLQR WHQKR XP GLQKHLULQKR
³'RVYHOKRV"
³ 'H TXDOTXHU FRLVD QHQpP 1mR FRPHFH FRP HVVD
HQFKHomR -i GLVVH FLQTHQWD YH]HV TXH RV YHOKRV GmR PDLV
GLQKHLURTXHRDPHQGRLP9DPRVSUDUXDSURFXUDUDOJXPDFRLVD
SUDFRPHU
³1mR(XILFR9RFrWUD](QmRGHPRUH
QmR
³9RFrpRPDLRUPLPDGRGRPXQGR5HLGH+DYDQD
20LPDGRGH+DYDQD
0DJGD VDLX 5H\ VH HVWLFRX QD HQ[HUJD RXWUD YH] (
GRUPLX
4XDQGR DFRUGRX QmR WLQKD QDGD 1HP 0DJGD QHP
FRPLGD )RLDWp D FDL[D GH WUDSRV 5HVWDYD XP SRXFR GH
PDFRQKD(VWDYDHVFXUHFHQGR%RDKRUDSDUDHQURODUXPEDVHDGR
HPDQGDUYHUJRVWRVR0DVQmRHQFRQWURXQHPXPSHGDFLQKRGH
SDSHO QR TXDUWR 1DGD )RL DWp R TXDUWR GH 6DQGUD (OD ILFRX
DOHJUHTXDQGRRYLX
³ $SDUHFHX GH QRYR" 0HQRV PDO $FKHL TXH WLQKD
PRUGLGRDPDomGDEUX[DGD%UDQFDGH1HYH
³ 'R TXH YRFr HVWi IDODQGR UDSD]" 4XHP p %UDQFD
GH1HYH"1XQFDHQWHQGRRTXHYRFrGL]
YRFr
³ 3RUTXH p LJQRUDQWH 1mR Gi SDUD FRQYHUVDU FRP
%RP p HVVD UXVWLFLGDGH 9RFr p XP U~VWLFR XP DQLPDO
6HXQHJyFLR p PHWHU R IHUUR VROWDU D SRUUD H QmR IDODU QDGD
PHQLQR4XDQGRYDLGHL[DUGHVHUWmREUXWDO"
³ 1XQFD 0DFKR p DVVLP ( D JHQWH QmR IDOD WDQWD
PHUGDFRPRYRFr(PERFDIHFKDGDQmRHQWUDPRVFD
³ 9RFr QmR WHP MHLWR VRIUH GH PDFKLVPR EUXWDO
DJXGRHYDLPRUUHUGHVVDGRHQoD
1LVVR FKHJRX <DPLOp 8PD SXWD SUHFLRVD GH GH]RLWR
DQRVFRPXPYHVWLGRSUHWRORQJRHSODWDIRUPDVEUDQFDVGHGH]
FHQWtPHWURV GH DOWXUD 3DUHFLD XPD PRGHOR GHOLFDGD
HOHJDQWHHQFDQWDGRUD 0DV TXDQGR DEULD D ERFD HUD XP HVJRWR
SHVWLOHQWR ( QmR VH FRQWLQKD (P OXJDU QHQKXP &KHJRX
DWXUGLGDPDOXTXLQKDFRPRVHPSUH
³ 2 TXH HVWi DFRQWHFHQGR DTXL" 1mR FRPELQDPRV
TXHjVRLWRYRFrLDHVWDUSURQWDSXWDGHPHUGD"
³ $L <DPLOp ODUJD GH VHU ERFXGD 2OKH TXHUR OKH
DSUHVHQWDUXPDPLJR
<DPLOp ROKRX SDUD HOH FRP GHVGpP 'H ORQJH VH YLD
TXHHUDXPPRUWRGHIRPH(IH]XPDFDUHWDjJXLVDGHVDXGDomR
³8KPPP
³0HQLQDFXPSULPHQWHGLUHLWRQmRVHMDPDOHGXFDGD
(XHQVLQRHQVLQRPDVYRFrQmRDSUHQGHDVHFRPSRUWDU
HPVRFLHGDGH(VWHpRPHXPDULGR
³(VVHIHGLGR"4XDQWDVYH]HVHXMiOKHGLVVHTXHYRFr
DQGDSUDWUiVIHLWRFDUDQJXHMR"
5H\ Vy ROKRX SDUD HOD 1mR UHVSRQGHX 6DQGUD
FRPHoRXDFDQWDURODU´(O3LFKLµHIRLWRPDUEDQKRQXPFDQWRGR
TXDUWR
³ 5H\ IL] XPD IULJLGHLUD GH WDPDO 6H VLUYD YRFr
PHVPRPHXVDQWRSRUTXHHXWHQKRGHFRUUHUVHQmRDVSXWDVPH
PDQGDPHPERUD
³$KYRFrDJRUDHVWiGHFR]LQKHLUDGRPDULGLQKR"$L
FRLWDGD 6DQGUD Mi HVWRX YHQGR YRFr SUHQKH FRP TXDWUR
ILOKRVHQILDGD HP FDVD HVIUHJDQGR H OLPSDQGR PHUGD H HVVH
JRULODDPDVVDQGRYRFrKDKDKD
³ $L <DPLOp EHP TXH HX TXHULD 6H 'HXV IRVVH
PHOKRUFRPLJRHPHGHL[DVVHSDULUSDUDRPHXPDULGRDL
TXHOLQGR HX GH PmH GH GRQDGHFDVD FRP DOJXpP SDUD
FXLGDUGHPLP
³ $ YLGD pDVVLP 6DQGUD 'HXV Gi EDUED SDUD TXHP
QmRWHP TXHL[R (X WHQKR XP DQWLFRQFHSFLRQDO DPDUUDGR Oi
GHQWURGHVGHRVWUH]HDQRV(PHVPRDVVLPPHHQJUDYLGDUDPWUrV
YH]HV
(HVVHVWUrVDERUWRVIRUDPSLRUTXHSDULU
³ $L <DPLOp VH HX IRVVH YRFr Mi WLQKD WLGR ILOKR
XPILOKRpVHPSUH
³$KVDL GHVVD 6DQGUD WHU ILOKR SUD TXr" $TXL" 3UD
VRIUHUHSDVVDUIRPHRVGRLV"1mRSUDPLPHXSDVVDQGRIRPHMi
GiHVREUD6HDOJXPGLDWLYHUILOKRYDLWHUGHVHUGHXPKRPHP
PXLWRHVSHFLDOHIRUDGH&XED
5H\ QHP RXYLD DTXHOD OHQJDOHQJD 6HUYLXVH GH GRLV
SUDWRVGH HQVRSDGR (QJROLX D FRPLGD 6H <DPLOp UHVROYHVVH
FRPHUMiVHULDWDUGHGHPDLV$KEDUULJDFKHLDFRUDomRFRQWHQWH
6DQGUDGH FDOFLQKDV H FRP RV SHLWLQKRV QXV FRPHoRX D VH
PDTXLDU
3ULPHLURUDVSRXEHPRURVWRDVD[LODVDVSHUQDV&UHPHV
KLGUDWDQWHV EDVHV SyV SLQWXUD GH OiELRV SHUXFD ORLUD VRPEUD
QRV ROKRV FtOLRV SRVWLoRV XQKDV SRVWLoDV /HYRX PDLV GH XPD
KRUD
$TXHOH PXODWR ERQLWR DQGUyJLQR EHOR IRL VH
WUDQVIRUPDQGROHQWDPHQWH QXPD PXODWD HVSHFLDOPHQWH DWUDHQWH
FRP XP IRUWHPDJQHWLVPR VH[XDO 5H\ VH OLPLWRX D ROKDU VHP
IDODU *RVWDYDGHOD 3HJRX XP FLJDUUR 3RSXODU TXH <DPLOp OKH
GHXDEULXMRJRXIRUDRWDEDFRHQILRXDHUYDHQURORXHDFHQGHX
4XDQGR<DPLOpVHQWLXRFKHLURGLVVH
³(VVHpGRIRUWH9RFrQmRSHUGHWHPSR
5H\RIHUHFHXPDVHODUHFXVRX
YDOHU
³ ,VVR p SUD EULQFDU GH GLD 2 QRVVR GD QRLWH p SUD
7LURX XP SDSHORWH GH FRFDtQD (VTXHQWRX XP SUDWR
SUHSDURX IH] TXDWUR FDUUHLUDV 7LURX XPD QRWD QRYD GH GH]
GyODUHV HQURORX IHLWR XP WXELQKR $VSLURX XPD FDUUHLUD FRP
FDGDQDULQD 6DQGUD IH] D PHVPD FRLVD FRP DV GHOD H DKK
PDUDYLOKDHPGRLVPLQXWRVVHWUDQVIRUPDUDPQDVYHGHWHVPDLV
DOHJUHV GH +DYDQD $ HXIRULD 5LQGR jV JDUJDOKDGDV
LQWHUSUHWDUDPSDUD 5H\ XPD SHTXHQD FRUHRJUDILD FRP JULWLQKRV
OX[XULRVRV HFDQFm HP HVWLOR 0RXOLQ 5RXJH WHUPLQDQGR SRU VH
DSUHVHQWDU
³&RPYRFrVODGLHVDQGJHQWOHPHQGLUHWDPHQWH
GR&DULEHGH+DYDQD$VPHQLQDVGDSLPHQWD
´3LPHQWDSXUDHPRtGD
´3LPHQWDTXHQWHFKHLDGHVRO
´$VSHSSHUJLUOVOµ
<DPLOpFRPHoRXXPVWULSWHDVHPXLWRLQVLQXDQWHPDV
VyOHYDQWRX D VDLD H DEDL[RX XP SRXFR D FDOFLQKD DWp PRVWUDU
RVSHQWHOKRV 6DQGUD YROWRX D UHWRFDU D PDTXLDJHP 5H\ ILFRX
SLUDGR
´8PD PXOKHU p XPD PXOKHU 6HMD FRPR IRU (VVD VLP
GiSDUD FRPHU YLQWHH TXDWUR KRUDV VHP SDUDUµ SHQVRX H WHYH
XPDHUHomR JHQLDO 0DVVDJHRX XP SRXFR R SDX $ HUYD HVWDYD
ID]HQGRHIHLWR(VWDYDPWRGRVVHVHQWLQGREHP7LURXVXDJUDQGH
SLURFDHFRPHoRXDVHPDVWXUEDUQDIUHQWHGH<DPLOp
KDKDKD
³ 6DQGUD ROKH R TXH HVVH VHOYDJHP HVWi ID]HQGR
7UHPHQGD SLURFD 9RFr HVWi VHPSUH EHP VHUYLGD
6DQGULQKDQDGDGHPLQLSDXSUDYRFrKDKDKD
³ <DPLOp SDUH GH SXWDULD FRP PHX PDULGR TXH HOH
QmRpGHDYDFDOKDomR
5H\ ILFRX QD IUHQWH GH <DPLOp VH PDVWXUEDQGR 6DELD
TXHDTXHOHFDFHWHHUDKLSQyWLFR(VWDYDFRPRVROKRVDSHUWDGRV
SLUDGRGHEDUDWR
³'HL[DYHUYRFrLQWHLUDFKLQLWD'HL[DYHU
³1mRQmR-iFKHJD9RFrHVWiPXLWRSRUFR
³(PDVFRPXPWUHPHQGRSDX]mR
³$KVHIRVVHVyLVVR3DXLJXDODRVHXWHPGHPRQWH
SRUDt H PDLRUHV WDPEpP $OpP GLVVR QmR JRVWR GH SDX DVVLP
SRUTXHPHGiLQIODPDomRSpOYLFD9RFrTXHILTXHFRPD6DQGUD
6DQGUD Mi WLQKD WHUPLQDGR RV UHWRTXHV H HVWDYD VH
GLYHUWLQGR
³ <DPLOp QmR VHMD UXLP )RL YRFr TXH SURYRFRX
FRLWDGLQKR9HQKDSDSLWRPH3HJXHRTXHpVHX
( OKH DSUHVHQWRX DV QiGHJDV 5H\ ILFRX IXULRVR FRP
DTXHODEULQFDGHLUD$JDUURX6DQGUDGHXOKHXQVWDSDVQDFDUD
³0HGrRHXSRUUDTXHHXHVWRXPXLWRORXFR
6DQGUD EDL[RX R VKRUW H D FDOFLQKD UDSLGDPHQWH H
TXDVHFKRUDQGR
³$LVHXDQLPDOJURVVRpVHPSUHDPHVPDFRLVD
YRFrID] GH PLP R TXH EHP HQWHQGH $L VHPYHUJRQKD DVVLP
QmRHVWi GRHQGR $ VHFR QmR %RWD FXVSH DL SDSL ERWD PDLV
FXVSH
DVVLP PDV QmR FXVSD QR FKmR YDL TXH YRFr Mi HVWi
TXDVHpSDUDLVVRTXHHXHVWRXDTXLWLWL
<DPLOpVyROKDQGRULQGRGDMDQHOD4XDQGRDFDEDUDP
HODWDPEpP HVWDYD FRP WHVmR PROKDGD VROWDQGR XPD
JRVPLQKDGLDQWHGDTXHOHHVSHWiFXORHGLVVHSDUD5H\
³ 6H YRFr WRPDU EDQKR OKH GRX D ERFHWD $VVLP
IHGLGRQHPFKHJXHSHUWR
6DQGUDHQWmRGHXXQLSXOR
³1DGDGLVVR(VVHSDXpPHX(QmRUHSDUWRFRP
QLQJXpP
SURQWD
3URQWR 5H\ $FDERX 9DPRV <DPLOp TXH HX HVWRX
5H\WLQKDILFDGRVDWLVIHLWR(QmRLQVLVWLX6DQGUDHVWDYD
GHVKRUW SUHWR MXVWR H PLQ~VFXOR FRP XPD EOXVD EUDQFD
ERUGDGD
7XGR GH FHWLP EULOKDQWH 6DSDWRV GH FRXUR QDWXUDO H
SODWDIRUPD DOWD 3HUXFD SODWLQDGD FRP UHIOH[RV GRXUDGRV H D
ERFD FDUQXGD GHOLFLRVD UHVVDOWDGD FRP D SLQWXUD HVFXUD
PHWDOL]DGD(UDXPDPDGDPHGRDPRUFRPSOHWD<DPLOpPXLWR
PDLVVLPSOHVFRPXPYHVWLGRSUHWRFRPSULGR8PDMRYHQ]LQKD
GHFHQWHHHQFDQWDGRUDPRUHQDFRPRFDEHORFRPSULGRVROWRDWp
RV RPEURV VHP MyLDV FRP SRXFD PDTXLDJHP PXLWR QDWXUDO H
GHOLFLRVD 3DUHFLD XPD LQRFHQWH MRYHQ]LQKD GR FXUVLQKR SUp
XQLYHUVLWiULR SURFXUDQGR XP QRLYR GHFHQWH SDUD FDVDU YHVWLGD
GHEUDQFR QXPD LJUHMD FDWyOLFD GH EDLUUR 6DQGUD HQILRX WUrV
GyODUHVQDPmRGH5H\HGLVVHHPVHXRXYLGR
³ &DGD GLD JRVWR PDLV GH YRFr $FKR TXH DPDQKm
YRXOKHSURSRUXPQHJyFLR1mRVXPD(XVRXILOKDGH2[XPH
FRPLJRYRFrYDLORQJH
( IRUDP HPERUD 5H\ ILFRX VHQWDGR QD HVFDGD
WUDQTLODPHQWHFRPRVWUrVGyODUHVQDPmR
4XDQGR 0DJGD FKHJRX HOH KDYLD GRUPLGR QD HVFDGD
(UDGHPDGUXJDGD(ODYLQKDFRPXPDSL]]DQDPmR$FRUGRXR
4XDVHQmRVHIDODUDP(OHFRPHXDSL]]D6HDWLUDUDPQR
FROFKRQHWH H GRUPLUDP SURIXQGDPHQWH $SDUHQWHPHQWH 0DJGD
WDPEpP WLQKD WLGR VHXV DWURSHORV H HVWDYD WmR HVJRWDGD TXDQWR
5H\
$VVLP VH SDVVDUDP YiULRV GLDV 0DJGD YHQGHQGR
DPHQGRLP
­V YH]HV VH SHUGLD SRU Dt FRP XQV YHOKRV OLELGLQRVRV H
UHDSDUHFLDGHSRLV6DQGUDWDPEpPVXPLD5H\SDVVDYDRVGLDVVHP
ID]HUQDGD 6HQWDGR QD HVTXLQD (VSHUDQGR FDLU DOJXPDFRLVD GR
FpX
&ODURTXHQmRFDtDQDGD(VWDYDLQFRPRGDGR*RVWDYDGH
VHPH[HU (VWDYD SUHVR QD WHLD WHFLGD SRU 6DQGUD H 0DJGD
3HQVRXHP GDU XPD YROWD DWUiV GR SRUWR )LFDU Oi QR VHX
FRQWrLQHU 0XGDUGH DPELHQWH (QTXDQWR SHQVDYD QLVVR WXGR
XPFDUURSDURXQDIUHQWHGHOH 2 FKRIHU GLVVH TXH OKH GDYD GH]
SHVRVSRUXPDERDODYDJHP(VWDYDFREHUWRGHSRHLUD5H\ODYRX
R FDUUR HP PHLDKRUD H GHL[RXR UHVSODQGHFHQWH )LFRX SRU DOL
FRPDODWDG
iJXDHRWUDSRRIHUHFHQGRVHXVVHUYLoRV3HUGHXGRLV
GLDV QLVVR 1LQJXpP TXHULD SDJDU SDUD HOH ODYDU R FDUUR $V
SHVVRDVHFRQRPL]DYDPGLQKHLURHODYDYDPHODVPHVPDV
0DJGD H HOH FDGD GLD WUHSDYDP PHOKRU &RP PDLV
FDULQKRWDOYH] RX PDLV DPRU 6H JRVWDYDP$PRU H OX[~ULD QD
HQ[HUJD
,QGLIHUHQoDHGLVWkQFLDTXDQGRHVWDYDPYHVWLGRV2VGRLV
VH FXLGDYDP 1DGD GH VH HQWUHJDU GHPDLV ­V YH]HV VH
GHVSUH]DYDPPDVRVGRLVVDELDPTXHHUDGDERFDSDUDIRUD
8PD PDQKm 5H\ VDLX DQGDQGR SDUD R VHX DQWLJR
EDLUURHP6DQ/i]DUR2TXHWHULDDFRQWHFLGRFRP)UHGHVELQGD"
)D]LDWHPSR TXH WLQKD VH SHUGLGR SRU Dt (VWDYD WXGR LJXDO
)UHGHVELQGDDEULXDSRUWD(VWDYDFRPDH[SUHVVmRDQJXVWLDGD
³ $K 5H\ SHQVHL TXH WLQKD PRUULGR )RL HPERUD
VHPGL]HUQHPDGHXV
5H\ DWUDYHVVRX D FREHUWXUD DWp R TXDUWR GH )UHGH H
QHPVHOHPEURXGHTXH SDVVDUD D LQIkQFLD QDFREHUWXUD DR ODGR
1HPROKRXGDTXHOHODGR7LQKDDSDJDGRWXGR1RTXDUWRHVWDYD
DILOKD GH )UHGHVELQGD $TXHOD SDWLQKD WmR OLQGD FRP D TXDO
VHPDVWXUEDYDP HOH H R LUPmR (VWDYD LPDFXODGD EHOtVVLPD
EHPYHVWLGD QR PHLR GDTXHOD VXMHLUD H SHUPDQHQWH IHGRU GH
PHUGDGH JDOLQKD 8VDYD yFXORV HVFXURV H HVWDYD HVFXWDQGR
P~VLFD
4XDQGRHOHHQWURXQmRYLURXRURVWRSDUDROKDU
³7DWLDQDFXPSULPHQWHRUDSD]eR5H\QDOGLQKRDt
GRODGR1mROHPEUD"
$PHQLQDHVWHQGHXXPDPmRQRDUHILFRXHVSHUDQGR
TXHIRVVHDSHUWDGD&RPXPVRUULVRVXDYH5H\DSHUWRXDPmR
³%RPGLD
³7DWLDQDQmROHPEUDGHOH"'RDFLGHQWHDTXHOHGLD
DSROtFLDOHYRXHOHHPERUD1mROHPEUD"
³/HPEURVLPFRPRQmR
7DWLDQDFRQWLQXRXROKDQGRRYD]LR5H\HQWHQGHXTXH
HVWDYD DFRQWHFHQGR DOJXPD FRLVD 3HUJXQWRX FRP XP JHVWR D
)UHGHVELQGD TXH OKH LQGLFRX TXH 7DWLDQD QmR HQ[HUJDYD
6DtUDPGH QRYR SDUD D FREHUWXUD SDUD FRQYHUVDU VHP TXH D
PHQLQDHVFXWDVVH)UHGHVELQGDHVWDYDFKRUDQGR
³$L5H\SRU1RVVD6HQKRUD(XPFDVWLJRGH'HXV
³2TXHDFRQWHFHXFRPHOD"
³9ROWRXFHJD&RPRVROKRVYD]LRV
)UHGHVELQGDVHDIRJRXHPSUDQWR
³&DOPD)UHGH2TXHDFRQWHFHX"
³$KYmRPHSDJDUYRXDUPDUXP HVFDUFpX QHP
TXHWHQKDGHSDJDUFRPDYLGDGHVJUDoDUDPPLQKDILOKD
³ )UHGH FDOPD HX QmR HVWRX HQWHQGHQGR R TXH
DFRQWHFHX
³$L5H\SRU'HXV
( PDLV FKRUR H PDLV OiJULPDV H VXVSLURV DIRJDGRV
SDUD7DWLDQDQmRRXYLU5H\ILFRXHPVLOrQFLR,DHPERUD6HHOD
QmRTXHULDFRQWDURTXHDFRQWHFHXLDHPERUD)H]XPJHVWRSDUD
LUHPERUD)UHGHVELQGDDJDUURXRSHOREUDoR
³1mRYiHPERUD5H\$L5H\GHL[HHXGHVDEDIDU
1mRVHLPDLVRTXHID]HU
5H\FUX]RXRVEUDoRVHVSHUDQGR'HSRLVGHPDLVSUDQWR
HPDLVOiJULPDV)UHGHVELQGDVHFRQWURORXXPSRXFR
ROKRV
³ )L]HUDP HOD DVVLQDU XP SDSHO H DUUDQFDUDP VHXV
³(ODYHQGHXRVROKRV"
³ 1mR 2 SDSHO GL]LD TXH HOD GRDYD RV ROKRV SDUD D
ILOKDGHVVH KRPHP 2 SDSHO HVWDYD HP RXWUD OtQJXD H HOD QmR
VDELDRTXHHVWDYDDVVLQDQGRDLTXHGHVJUDoDGR(SDUHFLDXPD
SHVVRDGHFHQWHWmRHGXFDGRWmRILQR
³&DGrRSDSHO"9iQDSROtFLD
³ (OD HVWi FRP R GRFXPHQWR Dt PDV QmR Gi SDUD
HQWHQGHUQDGD(VWiHPRXWUDOtQJXD
³0DVHODSDUHFHTXHHVWiWUDQTLOD
³ &KHJRX PHLR ORXFD %RWDUDP HOD QXP DYLmR H
GHYROYHUDP$L5H\HVVHVXMHLWRWHPTXHSDJDUHUDXPVXMHLWR
GHGLQKHLUR SRU TXH IH] LVVR" 'HL[RX PLQKD ILOKLQKD FHJD
(QJDQRXPLQKDILOKLQKD
³7RPHXPFRPSULPLGR)UHGHYRFrHVWiQHUYRVD
³ (X FRQVHJXL XQV 'LD]HSDQ PDV GRX SDUD HOD
SRUTXHHVWi PHLR ORXFD (X QHP GXUPR 5H\ 'HVGH TXH HOD
FRPHoRXFRP HVVD KLVWyULD GH VDLU FRP HVWUDQJHLUR HX GLVVH
SDUD WRPDUFXLGDGR PDV QXQFD PH HVFXWRX $L D MXYHQWXGH
PHX'HXV
)UHGHVELQGD FKRUDYD GHVHVSHUDGDPHQWH $TXLHWDYDVH
XPPLQXWR H YROWDYD WXGR 5H\ IRL HP VLOrQFLR DWp SHUWR GH
7DWLDQD
2OKRX EHP SDUD HOD (VWDYD LJXDO DQWHV %HOtVVLPD 6H
WLYHVVHGLQKHLURHXPDFDVDMXQWDYDFRPHODHDWpFDVDYDGHSDSHO
SDVVDGR 6H SHJDVVH R ILOKRGDSXWD TXH IH] XPD FRLVD GHVVDV
DUUDQFDYD RV ROKRV GHOH D SRQWD GH IDFD 9ROWRX SDUD R ODGR GH
)UHGHVELQGD
³ È YHUGDGH )UHGH JHQWH TXH WHP GLQKHLUR p PDLV
ILOKDGDSXWDTXHDJHQWH
)UHGHVELQGD FRQFRUGRX FRP D FDEHoD 5H\ QmR VH
GHVSHGLX )RL DWp D SRUWD 'HL[RX D SRUWD DEHUWD SDUD QmR ID]HU
EDUXOKRHGHVFHXDHVFDGDGHYDJDU
JUDQHO
)RL DQGDQGR DWp R 0DOHFyQ 8QV EDUULV GH FHUYHMD D
(VWDYDP SUHSDUDQGR SDUD R &DUQDYDO &RPSURX XP
SRXFR GHFHUYHMD EDUDWD 7LQKD JRVWR GH YLQDJUH %HEHX
&RPSURXPDLV
%HEHX*DVWRXPHWDGHGDJUDQD$RHQWDUGHFHUFRPHoRX
D FKHJDU PDLV JHQWH $FDERXVH R GLQKHLUR 4XHULD FRQWLQXDU
EHEHQGR(PYROWDGHXPEDUULOIRUPRXVHXPJUDQGHJUXSRGH
JHQWHSDUD FRPSUDU FHUYHMD 1mR GDYD SDUD WRGRV 1DGD GDYD
4XHULDPFHUYHMD GH TXDOTXHU MHLWR (QILRXVH QR PHLR GHOHV
(VWDYDP VXDGRV H FKHLUDYDP IRUWH (UDP TXDVH WRGRV QHJURV
PXVFXORVRVFKHLUDQGRDVXRUDJUHVVLYRVVHDSHUWDQGRXQVFRQWUD
RV RXWURVHPLWLQGR FRP YLROrQFLD R VHX ERGXP GH OHQoRV
YHUPHOKRVFRODUHVGHFDQGRPEOp5H\PHWLGRQDTXHOHDOYRURoR
GLVWULEXtD FRWRYHODGDV )RL SLVDGR $SHUWDGR &RPR QXPD
EDWXFDGD +DYLDIRUoD H FDUiWHU 0~VFXORV H VXRU H FDORU 8P
FKHLURDFUH2VQHJURVOXWDQGRSRUXPDMDUUDGHFHUYHMDSpVVLPD
EDUDWD DYLQDJUDGD -XQWR DR EDUULO QXPD YLWULQD SUy[LPD
SXVHUDPj YHQGDXPD EDQGHMD GH DVDV GH JDOLQKD IULWDV 6y DVDV
0DLV GH FHPQHJUDV VH SUHFLSLWDUDP D FRPSUDU DTXLOR ( TXDWUR
RX FLQFR EUDQFDV SHODQFXGDV 1D PDUUD 2V KRPHQV QD FHUYHMD
$V PXOKHUHVQDV DVDV GH IUDQJR $V PXOKHUHV FODUR JULWDYDP
PDLV TXH RVKRPHQV 8PD QHJUD JRUGD H IRUWH DJDUURX RXWUD
SHORVFDEHORVHJULWDYDFRPHOD
³9RFrQmRYDLQmR6DL
$ RXWUD LQVLVWLX HP ILFDU $ QHJUD JRUGD ILFRX PDLV
YLROHQWD &RP D PmR HVTXHUGD GRPLQRXD SHOD QXFD H FRP D
GLUHLWDOKHGHXXPVRFRIRUWHQDERFD3DUWLXOKHRVOiELRVHRV
GHQWHV
6DQJXH 1LQJXpP VH DIDVWRX 7RGDV TXHULDP FRPSUDU
DVDVGHIUDQJRIULWDV)RVVHFRPRIRVVH
1R PHLR GD FRQIXVmR 5H\ FRORFRX XPD JDUUDID
SOiVWLFDQDPmRGRDWHQGHQWH(QFKHUDPGHYROYHUDPHGLVVHUDP
GH]SHVRV
(OHQmRWLQKDXPFHQWDYR
³-iSDJXHL³JULWRXSDUDRVXMHLWRHVHDIDVWRX2
VXMHLWRJULWRXDOJXPDFRLVDPDVRVQHJURVIRUPDYDPXPDPDVVD
FRPSDFWD 1mR FRQVHJXLX JLUDU R FRUSR $JDFKRXVH XP SRXFR
HVDLXPHLRGHODGRGHSUHVVD
3RUILPVHYLXOLYUHGDTXHODSULVmRKXPDQDFRPSDFWD
HFKHLUDQGRDVXRUDSUHVVRXVHHORJRVHDIDVWRXMiHUDGHQRLWH
7RPRX VXD FHUYHMD JROH D JROH -i QmR WLQKD JRVWR GH
YLQDJUH(DVVLP2VHUKXPDQRVHDFRVWXPDFRPWXGR6HWRGRV
RV GLDVQRV GHUHP XPD FROKHUDGD GH PHUGD SULPHLUR D JHQWH
UHDJHGHSRLV D JHQWH PHVPR SHGH DQVLRVDPHQWH D FROKHUDGD GH
PHUGDH ID] GH WXGR SDUD FRPHU GXDV FROKHUDGDV H QmR Vy XPD
$R ORQJHGDQoDYDP XQV EORFRV 2 $ODFUiQ 2V WDPERUHV
UHVVRDQGR RVDSLWRV GH &DUQDYDO 7RGR PXQGR ULQGR QD PDLRU
DOHJULD 3DQHPHW FLUFHQVHV GL]LDP RV URPDQRV ( VH IRU
PROKDGR QR iOFRROPHOKRU DLQGD 5H\ HVWDYD D SRQWR GH VDLU
GDQoDQGR FRP RV SDUHVH DV OX]HV FRORULGDV PDV KDYLD WDPEpP
SROLFLDLV H EDUUHLUDV GHIHUUR H UDGLRSDWUXOKDV )RL VH
DSUR[LPDQGR PDV SHQVRX TXHVHP GLQKHLUR H VHP FDUWHLUD GH
LGHQWLGDGHHUDDUULVFDGRGHPDLV
1mR$OLQmRHUDOXJDUSDUDHOH%HEHXRTXHUHVWDYDGH
FHUYHMDHVHHQILRXSRUXPDUXDQDGLUHomRGH-HVXV0DULD
4XDQGR FKHJRX DR EDLUUR HVWDYD WXGR HVFXUR H
VLOHQFLRVR
$VSHVVRDVGHYLDPHVWDUQR&DUQDYDO&RQWLQXRXDQGDQGR
DWpDHVWDomRGD HVWUDGD GH IHUUR *RVWDYD GH YDGLDU SRU DOL(UD
]RQDGHJHQWHGRFDPSR&KHJDYDPFRPVHXVSDFRWHVHjVYH]HV
VHGHVFXLGDYDP $JRUD QmR KDYLD SROLFLDLV j YLVWD 'HYLDP
HVWDUSDWUXOKDQGR R &DUQDYDO 2 OXJDU WLQKD SRXFDV OX]HV 3RGLD
ILFDUHVSHUDQGR FKHJDU XP WUHP 6HQWRXVH QXP EDQFR GR
SDUTXLQKRMXQWRjHVWDomR$LQGDHVWDYDPHLRDOWR&RFKLORXXP
SRXFRDEULQGRRVROKRVGHYH]HPTXDQGRSDUDYHUVHDSDUHFLD
XPWUHP
)RLDGRUPHFHQGRSRXFRDSRXFR2VRQRRYHQFHX
$FRUGRXFRPXQVDSLWRV8PWUHPHVWDYDHQWUDQGRQD
HVWDomR (VSUHJXLoRXVH H ILFRX DOHUWD 'HX XPD DQGDGD SHOR
SDUTXH 1mR KDYLD SROLFLDLV ( RV FDLSLUDV FRPHoDUDP D MRUUDU
SHODVSRUWDV GD HVWDomR 9LQKDP WRGRV FDUUHJDGRV H SDVPRV
1LQJXpPYLQKD SDUD +DYDQD VHP WUD]HU FDL[DV GH DOLPHQWRV
$UUR] IHLMmRHPEXWLGRV FDUQH GH SRUFR ,VVR HUD IiFLO -i WLQKD
IHLWRRXWUDVYH]HV0HWHXVHQRPHLRGDPDQDGDGHFDLSLUDVSDUD
HVFROKHUVXDYtWLPD/RJRDHQFRQWURX8PDPXOKHUVR]LQKDFRP
WUrVPHQLQRV H VHLV FDL[DV GH SDSHOmR SHVDGDV (OD QmR
DJHQWDYDDTXLORWXGRHYLDVHTXHHVWDYDQHUYRVDHGHVHVSHUDGD
2VPHQLQRVFKRUDYDPGHVRQRHGHFDQVDoR4XDVHYLQWHKRUDV
GHVGH6DQWLDJR QXP WUHP GH TXDUWD FDWHJRULD FRP DVVHQWRV
GXURV $PXOKHU QmR FRQVHJXLD FRQWURODU WXGR DTXLOR 5H\ VH
DSUR[LPRXJHQWLO
³(XDMXGRDVHQKRUD(VWRXFRPRFDUULQKRDOLIRUD
HFXVWDEDUDWR$WpRVPHQLQRVSRGHPLUQRFDUULQKR
³7iERPWiERPREULJDGD(XYRXDWpDHVTXLQDGD
&XEDFRPD$PLVWDG
³$KpSHUWLQKR6yFLQFRSHVRV
³7XGREHP
³ 0H Gr GXDV FDL[DV GHL[D YHU QmR QmR $
VHQKRUDQmRFRQVHJXH2OKHPHHVSHUHDTXLFRPRVPHQLQRVH
HX YRXOHYDQGR DV FDL[DV GH GXDV HP GXDV 0HX VyFLR HVWi
WRPDQGRFRQWDGRFDUULQKRQmRWHPSUREOHPD
³$KREULJDGDDLQGDEHPSRUTXHHXQmRVDELDPDLV
RTXHID]HU
5H\ SHJRX DV GXDV FDL[DV PDLRUHV H PDLV SHVDGDV
4XDVHQmR DJHQWDYD DV GXDV (DLQGD IH] XPD EULQFDGHLUD FRP
RVPHQLQRV
³9RFrVWUrVWDPEpPYmRQR FDUULQKR 3DVVHDU SRU
+DYDQD
6DLX SDUD D UXD FRP DV GXDV FDL[DV H DGHXV /ROLWD
GDPLQKDYLGDVHMiQRVYLPRVQmRPHOHPEUR
(P SRXFRV PLQXWRV FKHJRX DR HGLItFLR GH 0DJGD
H[WHQXDGR FRP DTXHODV FDL[DV WmR SHVDGDV 6XELX D HVFDGD
FRUUHQGR
%DWHX0DJGDDEULXDSRUWDTXDVHGRUPLQGR
³2OKHDFRUGHTXHHXWURX[HFRPLGD
³3RUUD5H\QmRHQFKDRVDFRHVWRXGRUPLQGR
³$FRUGDPXOKHU9DPRVYHURTXHWHPDTXL
³2QGHpTXHYRFrDUUXPRXLVVR"
³1mRLQWHUHVVDRQGHHXDUUXPHL
DUUR]
5H\ HVWDYD HXIyULFR $EULX DV FDL[DV 8PD FRQWLQKD
$RXWUDIHLMmRSUHWR
³8KKKK0DJGDDTXLWHPUDQJRSUDGRLVPHVHV
³6HYRFrFR]LQKDUSRUTXHVHIRUHVSHUDUSRUPLP
'HLWDUDPVH5H\WHQWRX0DJGDRUHFKDoRX
³4XDOpRTXHIRL"
³ (VWRX FRP VRQR 0H GHL[H GRUPLU SRUUD 9RFr
HVWiVHPSUHGHSDXGXURHHXHVWRXPRUWDGHFDQVDoR
³(GHWUHSDUFRPRVYHOKRVSRUFRV
³$KKpp
³ 1mR e p FRLVD QHQKXPD ep FRLVD QHQKXPD
2OKDFRPR HX HVWRX FRP WHVmR 2 TXH YRFr TXHU TXH HX EDWD
XPDSXQKHWD"
³,VVREDWDXPDSXQKHWDPHWDRGHGRQRHXIDoDR
TXHTXLVHU
0DJGD GRUPLX 5H\ GHVSHUWRX 3RU ILP WHYH GH EDWHU
XPDSXQKHWDVR]LQKR3{VDPmRHVTXHUGDHPFLPDGDVQiGHJDV
GH0DJGD H LVVR EDVWRX SDUD DTXHFrOR XP SRXFR 0DJGD
GRUPLQGRGHEUXoRVQHPSHUFHEHX5H\ORJRWHYHVHXRUJDVPRH
HQWmRFRQVHJXLXVHFRQWURODUHGRUPLU
4XDQGR DFRUGRX QR GLD VHJXLQWH 0DJGD WLQKD LGR
HPERUD$SRUWDHVWDYDDEHUWD´2TXHVHUiTXHHVWiDFRQWHFHQGR
FRPHVVD ORXFD" 'HYH HVWDU PHWLGD HP DOJXPD HQFUHQFD H QmR
TXHUTXH HX ILTXH VDEHQGRµ SHQVRX )LFRX URODQGR XP WHPSR
QRFROFKRQHWHFRPRHVW{PDJRQDVFRVWDVFRPRVHPSUH(VVHV
HUDPVHXVSDVVDWHPSRVIDYRULWRV
QDGD SDUD ID]HU URODU QD FDPD GDQGR YROWDV H PDLV
YROWDVGHL[DURWHPSRSDVVDUHVHQWLUIRPH
´$~QLFDSURSULHGDGHGRSREUHpDIRPHµGL]LDVXDDYy
TXDQGR DLQGD IDODYD 'HVGH SHTXHQR OKH HQVLQDUDP D QmR GDU
LPSRUWkQFLDDHVVDSURSULHGDGH)D]HUTXHQmRH[LVWLD´(VTXHoD
GDIRPH SRUTXH QmR WHP QDGD SDUD FRPHUµ JULWDYD VXD PmH
VHPSUH WRGRV RV GLDV D TXDOTXHU KRUD (QWmR HOH VH OHPEURX H
GLVVHSDUDVLPHVPR
³3RUUD5H\HVWiUHFODPDQGRGRTXr"
3{VVHGHSpGHXPVDOWRHIRLSDUDDFDVDGH6DQGUD$
SRUWDHVWDYD DEHUWD R UiGLR WRFDQGR P~VLFD H HOD HVIUHJDQGR R
FKmRPXLWRGRQDGHFDVD
³ (L JDURWR OLQGR (VSHUH Dt QmR HQWUH TXH HVWRX
OLPSDQGR R FKmR FRP TXHURVHQH H YRFr SRGH HVFRUUHJDU )LTXH
Dt
(PSRXFRVPLQXWRVRFKmRHVWDYDVHFR
³ 5H\ HQWUH SHOD EHLUDGLQKD SDSL 1mR PH VXMH R
FKmRFKLQLWRHVHQWHQDFDPD4XHUFDIp"
³4XHUR
6DQGUD OKH GHX R FDIp H FRQWLQXRX WUDEDOKDQGR
7LUDQGR RSy OLPSDQGR DV ERQHTXLQKDV H RV HQIHLWHV ODYDQGR
XPDV FDOFLQKDV H XP YHVWLGR URVDGR 0HWDGH GR TXDUWR HUD
VXVWHQWDGDSRU
XPDVYLJDVJURVVDV$OL R WHWR H D SDUHGH HVWDYDP PXLWR
UDFKDGRV H D FKXYD VH LQILOWUDYD 7LQKD XP SpVVLPR DVSHFWR
6DQGUDGLVIDUoDYD DTXHOH SHGDoR FRP SOiVWLFRV H FRUWLQDV XPD
ODPSDULQDYHUPHOKDFRORFDGDHPFLPDGHXPDHVWUDQKDPHVDGH
WUrVSHUQDV TXH HUD QD YHUGDGH XPD ODWD GH ERODFKDV FREHUWD
FRPXP SDQR (QILP WRGD XPD FHQRJUDILD GH FDVLQKD GH
EULQTXHGR SDUD HVFRQGHU RV HVFRPEURV H Vy GHL[DU YLVtYHO D
EHOH]DNLWVFK
³6DQGUDQmRHVWiFRPIRPH"
PLP
³9RXID]HUXPDOPRFLQKRSDSL6ySDUDYRFrHSDUD
9DLYHUTXHJRVWRVRWRPD
'HXOKH YLQWH SHVRV 5H\ WURX[H FHUYHMD 4XDQGR
YROWRX6DQGUDHVWDYDFR]LQKDQGRDUUR]FRPIUDQJR
³3RQKDDFHUYHMDQDJHODGHLUD
³9RFrYLYHEHPPHVPR6DQGULWD6DEHYLYHU
³(XVHL
³ 2QWHP DUUXPHL XP SRXFR GH DUUR] H IHLMmRSUHWR
(VSHUHTXHYRXWUD]HUXPSRXFRSUDYRFr
³ 1mR QmR 'HL[H SDUD D EUX[D 9RFr DTXL QmR WHP
GH WUD]HU QDGD SDSL 1DGD (X VXVWHQWR YRFr PHX DPRU HL
3RUTXHQmRWRPDXPEDQKR"
³1mRSDUHFRPLVVR1mRHVWRXVXMR
³5H\FKLQLWRWHPGHWRPDUEDQKRWRGRGLDHID]HUD
EDUEDHXVDUGHVRGRUDQWHHURXSDOLPSD1mRVHMDSRUFR9RFrYDL
DFDEDUSHJDQGRVDUQDHDLQGDSDVVDSDUDPLP
³$KYRFrDWpSDUHFHRVJXDUGDVGR
³2VJXDUGDVGHRQGH"$FDEHGHIDODU
1DGD
³ (VFXWH PHQLQR TXDQGR YRFr HVWi LQGR FRP D
IDULQKDHXHVWRXYROWDQGRFRPRSmR(VVDSRPEDTXHYRFrWHP
QREUDoR H HVVD SHUORQD WmR JRVWRVD QD SRQWD GR SDX LVVR p
FRLVDGHSUHVLGLiULR9RFrHVWHYHSUHVRRXHVWiIXJLGR
³1mRLQYHQWH6DQGUD1mRVHPHWDDDGLYLQKRHPH
GHL[HVRVVHJDGR
³(XQmRHVWRXPHPHWHQGRDDGLYLQKDFKLQR9RFr
SDUDPLP p XP OLYUR DEHUWR 1mR SUHFLVD UHVSRQGHU PDV YRX
SHUJXQWDUXPDFRLVD
YRFr HVWHYH QR WDQTXH" 6DLX FRPR" 1mR VHL 0DVYRFr
HVWiYHQGRRYHDGRTXHHXVRX"6RXORXFD GH SHGUD Vy TXHHP
PLPYRFrSRGHFRQILDUYLQWHYH]HVPDLVGRTXHQHVVDSXWDIHGLGD
TXH QmR WRPD EDQKR QXQFD H GHL[D YRFr IHLWR XP OL[R
HFRPHQGR QD PmR GHOD H TXH SRU YLQWH SHVRV WDQWR ID] EDWHU
XPDSXQKHWD SDUD XP SROLFLDO QD HVTXLQD FRPR DOFDJHWDU YRFr
HMRJDUQRIRJR
³5DSD]SRUTXHGHWHVWDWDQWRD0DJGD"
³3RUQDGDHQmRPHFKDPHGHUDSD]PHFKDPHGH
PHQLQD0HQLQD0HQLQD
3UHSDURX XP EDOGH GH iJXD SDUD 5H\ QR FDQWR TXH
VHUYLDGH EDQKHLUR ( HOD PHVPD OKH ODYRX DV FRVWDV RV SpV D
FDEHoDR VDFR HVIUHJDQGR EHP )H] R SDX GHOH ILFDU GXUR
HVIUHJDQGRFRP D WRDOKD ( DFDEDUDP QD FDPD 6H GHVHMDYDP
)L]HUDP HPWRGDV DV SRVLo}HV LPDJLQiYHLV 6DQGUD HUD XPD
HVSHFLDOLVWDPHVPRVHPQXQFDWHUOLGRR.DPDVXWUD5H\HYLWRX
TXH6DQGUDWRFDVVHVXDVQiGHJDVHHOHQmRWRFRXQHPROKRXSHOR
PHQRVGLUHWDPHQWHRIDORHUHWRGH6DQGUD
³(XVRXKRPHP1mRPHWRTXHDVQiGHJDV³GLVVH
6DQGUD HVWDYD DFRVWXPDGD FRP LVVR )LFRX DLQGD PDLV
IHPLQLQD H R GHL[RX ORXFR $FDEDUDP HVJRWDGRV IHOL]HV
EHEHUDPXPSRXFRGHFHUYHMD6HUHFXSHUDUDP7RPDUDPEDQKR
GHQRYRSDUDVHUHIUHVFDUGHWDQWRVXRUHVrPHQ6DQGUDERUULIRX
R TXDUWR FRP iOFRRO H iJXDGHFRO{QLD DFHQGHX YDUHWDV GH
LQFHQVR
9HVWLXVH WRGD YDSRURVD H SURYRFDQWH FRP XPDV
FDOFLQKDV GHUHQGD H XPD EOXVD WUDQVSDUHQWH H PtQLPD 7RGD GH
EUDQFR 1DFDOFLQKD WmR GHOLFDGD VREUHVVDtD R YROXPH IRUPDGR
SHOR VDFR HSRU VXD JUDQGH YDUD $TXLOR SURGX]LD XPD
VHQVXDOLGDGHEUXWDO
5H\ROKRXHILFRX PXLWR H[FLWDGR FRP DTXHOH FRQWUDVWH
WmRDWUDHQWH PDV QD PHVPD KRUD HQWHQGHX TXH WLQKD GH VH
GRPLQDUHUHFKDoRXDLGpLD
´(XVRXKRPHPSRUUDµSHQVRX
( DOPRoDUDP DUUR] FRP IUDQJR H D FHUYHMD 7XGR
GHOLFLRVR6DQGUDIH]FDIpHGHXSDUD5H\XP/DQFHURHVSOrQGLGR
³7RPDSDSL$SUHQGD D IXPDU FKDUXWR *RVWR GH
KRPHPTXHIXPDXPSXURFLJDUURQmRWHPERXTXHW
³1mRWHPRTXr"
³1DGDQDGD'HL[DHXDFHQGHUHYRFrGHVIUXWHSHUWR
GHPLP
)XPDUDP 6DQGUD RV VHXV FLJDUURV PHQWRODGRV FRP
ILOWURGRXUDGR 5H\ R VHX ERP FKDUXWmR )LFDUDP HP VLOrQFLR
XPSRXFR SUD]HURVRV 0DV 5H\ HVWDYD FRP DTXHOH DWDTXH
FRQWUD0DJGDQDFDEHoD
³9RFrDFDERXQmRPHUHVSRQGHQGR
³2TXHIRLTXHHXQmRUHVSRQGLPHXDPRU"
³6REUHD0DJGD3RUTXHGHWHVWDWDQWRHOD"
³3RUQDGD
³&RQWH
³3RUQDGD
³2TXHHODIH]SUDYRFr"
³1DGD
³&RQWH
³$LSDSLPHGHL[H1mRYRXFRQWDUQDGD
³9DLFRQWDUVLP
1XP URPSDQWH V~ELWR 6DQGUD VH S{V GH Sp DJDUURX
DTXHOD PDoDURFD GH SDX H VDFR FRP DV PmRV SRU FLPD GD
FDOFLQKDGHUHQGDEUDQFD6DFXGLXRVFRPRXPPDFKRHGLVVH
³3RUFDXVDGLVWRDTXLyLVWRDTXL6HHXSXGHVVH
FRUWDYDIRUD1mRTXHURVHUKRPHP2TXHHXPDLVTXHURQDYLGD
pVHUPXOKHU8PDPXOKHU
QRUPDO &RP WXGR &RP XPD YDJLQD~PLGD H FKHLURVD H GRLV
SHLWRVJUDQGHVHERQLWRVHXPDERDEXQGDHWHUXPPDULGRTXH
JRVWHGHPLPHTXHFXLGHGH PLPH TXH PH HQJUDYLGH SDUD HX
SDULUSDUDHOHWUrVRXTXDWURILOKRV
4XHULD VHU XPD PXODWD OLQGD SUHVWLPRVD GRQDGHFDVD
0DVROKHRTXHHXWHQKRDTXL
HVWH SDX]mR H HVWH VDFR ( HVVD SXWDSRUFD GD 0DJGD
GHVSHUGLoDQGRRTXHWHP6HQmRIRVVHHVWDYDUDHXVHULDPXOKHU
FRPR HOD 6HULD OLPSD H VHULD PmH $L TXHKRUURU OHPDQMi H
2[XP TXH LQYHMD HX WHQKR GHOD 7LUHP HVVDPXOKHU GR PHX
FDPLQKR
6DQGUDILFRXXPSRXFRKLVWpULFDHFRPHoRXDWUHPHU
&RPXQV URQFRV FXUWRV PHLR EXIDQGR FRP RV ROKRV IHFKDGRV
5H\ILFRX SDVPR 6DQGUD DEULX RV ROKRV (VWDYDP EUDQFRV H HOD
WLQKDFRQYXOV}HV5H\QXQFDWLQKDYLVWRDOJXpPLQFRUSRUDQGRXP
HVStULWR $V FRQYXOV}HV DXPHQWDUDP H 6DQGUD FDLX QR FKmR
6HXHVStULWRHUDGHXPDQHJUDGRFRQJDPXLWRJRVWRVRQD6DQGUD
VHWUDQVIRUPRXQXPDYHOKDPDVFRPXPURVWRGRFHHVLPSiWLFR
)DODQGR HP HVSDQKRO DWUDYHVVDGR H HP FRQJR TXDVH
LQLQWHOLJtYHOSHGLX FDFKDoD HFKDUXWR (VWLFDYD R EHLoR H ID]LD R
JHVWRGHFKXSDU
´FKXSFKXSFKXSFKXSµ )RL DWp 5H\ SDVVRX XP
EUDoRSRU VHXV RPEURV H SHGLX TXH D DMXGDVVH D FKHJDU DWp R
EDQTXLQKR'LULJLXVHDRSHTXHQRDOWDUGH6DQGUD+DYLDDOLXPD
JDUUDID GH FDFKDoD H GRLV SXURV %HEHX $FHQGHX R FKDUXWR
FRPPmR WUrPXOD )XPRX $VSLURX IXQGR %HEHX RXWUR JROH
JUDQGHFGLVVH
³ 7RPDVD YDL IDODU SU
RFF XKPPLQ FKXSFKXS
FKXSFKXSDJRUDVLPXKPP
&RP PDLV XP WUDJR JUDQGH FKHJRX DWp D PHWDGH GD
JDUUDID 7RPDVD WLQKD YLQGR FRP PXLWD VHGH ( IXPRX XP
SRXFRPDLVDQWHVGHFRQWLQXDU
³ 7RPDVD YDL IDODU 7RPDVD YHLR S
DMXGi (VVD VXD
EUDQTXLQKD QmR JRVWD G
RFr 7HP RXWUR KRPHP 7HP XP ILOKR
FRPRXWURKRPHP2FrJRVWDGHODPDVHODQmR(ODpVDQJXHH
PRUWH
YRFr
'HVGH TXH QDVFHX DUUDVWD VDQJXH H PRUWH ( YDL DUUDVWD
XKUQPPFKXSFKXSFKXSFKQSXKPPLQ
0DLV FDFKDoD 0DLV FKDUXWR &RP FDOPD GH ROKRV
IHFKDGRVSRGHURVDDYHOKD9FRQWLQXRX
³8KPPP7XQDVFHXFRPXPHQFRVWRJUDQGHTXH
YHPOi GH WUiV PDV FDLX SU
RFr 1mR p PROH]D ( XPD FRUUHQWH
SHVDGD GH DUUDVWD S
D YLGD WRGD &DLX SU
RFr &RUUHQWH PXLWR
SHVDGD
8KPPPFKXSFKXSFKXSFKXS
%HEHX D FDFKDoD DWp R ILP 6HXV ROKRV ILFDUDP
DSHUWDGLQKRV(IXPRXPDLV
³ 8KPPP ( 6DQGUD" XKLQQQQ TXH WRPH
FXLGDGR&RPDMXVWLoDHFRPXPDEUDQTXLQKDDPLJDGHOD1mR
pDPLJD GHOD 7HP MXVWLoD SHOR PHLR H FDGHLD H JUDGHV 7HP
XPDFRLVD UXLP TXH YmR ID]r FRP 6DQGUD OHPDQMi H 2[XUQ
ODYDUDPDV PmRV H QmR VDEHP GH QDGD Sy DK Sy FRPR RV
GRLVHVWmRODYDQGRDVPmRVH6DQGUDVR]LQKD8KPPPFKXS
FKXSFKXSFKXSQKPPP
9ROWDUDP DV FRQYXOV}HV H RV EXIRV &DLX QR FKmR
GHEDWHXVH 0DFKXFRXVH 5F\ HQWmR UHDJLX H D SHJRX SHORV
RPEURV
6DQGUDHVWDYDVXDQGR3RXFRDSRXFRIRLUHFXSHUDQGRD
H[SUHVVmR QRUPDO H DEULX RV ROKRV 5H\ DFDULFLRX VXD WHVWD
4XDQGRFRQVHJXLX IDODU SHGLX iJXD 5H\ OKH GHX XP FRSR
6DQGUD HVWDYD HVJRWDGtVVLPD $ GXUDV SHQDV FRQVHJXLX VHQWDUVH
QXPDFDGHLUD%HEHXDiJXD)LQDOPHQWHUHFXSHURXVH
³$L5F\SRU'HXVRTXHDFRQWHFHX"
³(XQmRVHL
³ (RL ,EPDVD FRP FHUWH]D $L HVVD SUHWD YHOKD
FRPRHODIRGH2TXHHODIH]"
³(XQmRHQWHQGLQDGD9RFrGL]LD
0DJGD
´7RPDVD YDL IDODµ HPH GLVVH XPD SRUomR GH FRLVDV GH
³(XQmR1mRGLVVHQDGD1mRVHLGHQDGD)RL7RPDVD
³4XHPp7RPDVD"2TXHpLVVR"
³ 2 TXH HOD IH]" 'HYH WHU HQJROLGR XPD JDUUDID GH
FDFKDoDDILOKDGDSXWD%rEDGDGHPHUGD
³ )RL 9RFr QmR HVWi ErEDGD" %HEHX D JDUUDID GH
FDFKDoDHPFLQFRPLQXWRVHIXPRXXPFKDUXWR
³(ODTXH EHEHX (X QmR EHEL QDGD $UJKH IXPRX
XPFKDUXWR TXH QRMR &RP 7RPDVD p VHPSUH D PHVPD FRLVD
'HL[HHX H[SOLFDU XPD FRLVD SDUD YRFr PH DMXGDU 4XDQGR HX
HVWLYHUDVVLP FRP FRQYXOVmR p 7RPDVD 0DV QmR SRVVR DFHLWDU
XPDFRLVDGHVVDV1mRSRVVRLQFRUSRUDURHVStULWR WRGD YH] TXH
HODTXLVHU SRUTXH DFDED FRPLJR $VVLP QmR Gi H WHQKR TXH
FRQWURODUHOD6HHXHVWLYHUFRPYRFrHFRPHoDUDWHUFRQYXOVmR
HVXDU IULR YRFr PH SDVVD iJXDGHFRO{QLD QD WHVWD RX iOFRRO
PHID] FKHLUDU H PH IDOD EDL[LQKR TXDOTXHU RXWUR QRPH
PHQRV6DQGUD0HIDODTXDOTXHURXWURQRPH
³3RUTXr"
³3DUDFRQIXQGLUD7RPDVD$VVLPHODYDLDFKDUTXH
VHHQJDQRX GH PDWpULD $L PHX ILOKR FRPR YRFr p
LJQRUDQWHSHOR DPRU GH 'HXV 1mR p FXEDQR QmR QDVFHX HP
+DYDQD"
9RFr QDVFHX DTXL H HP 6DQ /HRSROGR QHP PDLV QHP
PHQRVpIRJRYLYR­VYH]HVSDUHFHTXHYRFrFDLXGD/XD0HGi
PDLViJXD (VVD YHOKD VHPYHUJRQKD PH GHL[D DFDEDGD FDGD YH]
TXHPHSHJD
5H\OKHGHXRXWURFRSRGHiJXD
³$K7RPDVDGLVVHTXHYRFr WHP GH WRPDU FXLGDGR
FRPD OHL 4XH WHP SULVmR ( SUD WRPDU FXLGDGR FRP XPD
EUDQTXLQKDDPLJDVXDSRUTXHQmRpDPLJD
<DPLOp"
³1mRGLVVHRQRPH
³$LPHX'HXV
³$KHTXHOHPDQMiH2[XPODYDPDVPmRV
³ (UD Vy R TXH IDOWDYD OHPDQMi H 2[XP YLUDUHP DV
FRVWDVSDUD PLP $JRUD VLP TXH HVWRX IRGLGD (VVD 7RPDVD Vy
YHPSUDWUD]HUPiVQRWtFLDVHIRGHUFRPLJR%DUEDULGDGH1XQFD
PH UHVROYH FRLVD QHQKXPD QXQFD PH Gi R Q~PHUR GD ORWHULD
QXQFDPHHQFRQWUDRPLOLRQiULRGDPLQKDYLGD1DGD
/HYDQWRXVH GR EDQTXLQKR 3HJRX D JDUUDID YD]LD H R
WRFRGH FKDUXWR &KHJRX DWp R DOWDU IXULRVD %DWHX QD PDGHLUD
FRPRVQyVGRVGHGRVHGLVVH
³9RFrHVWiPHRXYLQGR&RPVXDVEHEHGHLUDVHVXDV
FRLVDV PDV HVWi PH RXYLQGR 'HL[D GHVVDV FRLVDV H PH DMXGD
SRUTXH VHQmR YmR RXYLU D PLQKD EURQFDDWp HP *XDQWiQDPR H
DtWRGRV DTXHOHV QHJURV YrP SUD Fi H YRFr QmR YDL JRVWDU QDGD
QDGD
(XQmRSRVVRLUSUDFDGHLDHYRFrVDEHGLVVR0HDMXGH
SRUTXHVHQmRDFRLVDYDLILFDUSUHWDSDUDYRFr
QmR ERWR PDLV FDFKDoDQHP FKDUXWR QHP PHO QHP
QDGD 6y IORU H iJXD DWp YRFr UHVROYHU 9DL PRUUHU GH IRPH
(QWmRYrVHYRFrVHFXLGD4XHSRUUDpHVVDGHHQFKHUDFDUDjV
PLQKDVFXVWDVHIXPDUFKDUXWmR"6DEHRTXHIXPRX"8P/DQFHUR
(VSHFLDO'HPDUFD1mRIRGHPHQLQD(GHSRLVPHGL]TXHQmR
SRGHUHVROYHU-iPHYLXDOJXPDYH]FRPFDUDGHFRLWDGD"3DUHFH
TXH QmR VDEH TXHP p 6DQGUD/D &XEDQD 7RPD MHLWR 7RPDVD
SRUTXH YRFr Wi EULQFDQGR FRP6DQGUD /D &XEDQD H LVVR TXHU
GL]HUEULQFDUFRPIRJR
4XDQGR WHUPLQRX 6DQGUD IH] PDLV FDIp 6HQWDUDPVH
SDUDEHEHUHIXPDU(ODSURFXURXP~VLFDQRUiGLR$P~VLFDGH
VHPSUH
VDOVD GD ERD )LFDUDP HP VLOrQFLR HVFXWDQGR P~VLFD H
IXPDQGR 6DQGUD FRPHoRX D OL[DU H HVPDOWDU DV XQKDV GRV
SpVPXLWRFRQFHQWUDGD
PLP"
³6DQGUDTXHQHJyFLRpHVVHTXHYRFrLDSURSRUSDUD
³ $KK p 'HL[H HX WHUPLQDU H D JHQWH YDL YHU R
5DXOLWReSHUWR
³2TXHp"
³1mRSHUJXQWH(ERPSDUDYRFr
6DtUDPSRXFRGHSRLV6DQGUDFRPRVHPSUHDSXWLQKD
GREDLUUR GDQGR SXOLQKRV FRP D EXQGLQKD HPSLQDGD VKRUW
PtQLPR PRVWUDQGR D SDUWH GH EDL[R GDV QiGHJDV VRUULQGR SDUD
WRGRVRV YL]LQKRV IHOL] H SURYRFDQWH 5H\ ILFRX PHLR
HQYHUJRQKDGR
'HSRLVQmROLJRXPDLV5DXOLWRHUDXPYHOKRHVSHUWLQKR
GH FDQLQRV GH RXUR WDWXDJHQV QRV EUDoRV FRODUHV GH 2JXP
EDUULJXGLQKREDL[DHVWDWXUDIRFLQKRGHSRUFRHVRUULVRGHILOKR
GDSXWD
5H\QmRDEULXDERFD2VXMHLWR QmR HUD QHP XP SRXFR
FRQILiYHO 6DQGUD HUD HVSHUWD &XPSULPHQWRX 5DQOLWR WRGD
FKDUPRVDFRPXPEHLMRQRURVWR
³2OKH5DXOLWRpHVWHRUDSD]
³0XLWRSUD]HU³GLVVH5DXOLWRVHPROKDUSDUD5H\
³3RGHFRPHoDUKRMHPHVPR"³6DQGUDSHUJXQWRX
³3HUDt6DQGULWDQmRpDVVLP
³%RPIDOH
³9HQKDFi
3X[RXDGHODGR
³4XHPpHVVHVXMHLWR"
³ 0HX PDULGR (X PH UHVSRQVDELOL]R 4XHU XP
DGLDQWDPHQWR"
SRUGLD
³ &ODUR 9RFr PH DGLDQWD PLO SHVRV H GHSRLV p FHP
³1mR$GLDQWRTXLQKHQWRVHGHSRLVpRLWHQWDSRUGLD
1mRYDLGDUXPDGHERGHORXFRSUDFLPDGHPLP
³1mRQmRpDVVLPQmR
³ e DVVLP VLP 5DXOLWR H QmR VH IDoD GH EHVWD
FRPLJRSRUTXH IDOHL FRP WRGRV RV VHXV WD[LVWDV H FRP RV GR
5REHUWR
&RPWRGRV)TXLQKHQWRVHRLWHQWD
³7iERPSXWLQKDWiERP
³4XDQGRFRPHoD"
³ (OH TXH YHQKD DPDQKm jV VHWH HFRP D FDUWHLUD GH
LGHQWLGDGH
³7iERP(XYHQKRFRPHOHHWUDJRRGLQKHLUR
)RUDPHPERUD8PDYH]QDUXD6DQGUDH[SOLFRX
³(XPWULFLFOR8PWi[L(VVHKRPHPWHPXQVGH]
RXGR]H FDUDV WUDEDOKDQGR SDUD HOH DOpP GH XP UHVWDXUDQWH
FDVHLUR H WUrV DSDUWDPHQWRV GH DOXJXHO e XP PDJQDWD QD
PRLWDVDEHFRPRpSRUEDL[RGRSDQR
³(RTXHHXWHQKRGHID]HU"
³ 9RFr WUDEDOKD GR MHLWR TXH TXLVHU H WRGR GLD SDJD
RLWHQWD SHVRV SDUD HOH 0DLV TXLQKHQWRV GH DGLDQWDPHQWR TXH
WHPGHSDJDUDPDQKm
³(XQmRSRVVRHQWUDUQHVVD
³3RUTXr"
³'HRQGHTXHHXYRXWLUDUTXLQKHQWRVSHVRV"
³ (X HPSUHVWR SDSL ULTXL $PDQKm DQWHV GDV VHWH D
JHQWHHVWiDTXL7UDJDVXDFDUWHLUDGHLGHQWLGDGH
³1mRQmR
³&RPRQmR"
³8KPP
³8KPPRTXr"
³1mRWHQKRFDUWHLUD
³-iLPDJLQDYD
³(QWmRHVTXHoD
³ 4XH HVTXHFHU QDGD 4XHU WUDEDOKDU FRP R WULFLFOR
RXQmRTXHU"
³4XHUR
³7HPFHUWH]D"
³OHQKR
³9DPRVWLUDUXPDIRWR'HWDUGHYRFrYDLHVWDUFRP
DFDUWHLUDQRYLQKDHPIROKD
8P PRYLPHQWR HVWUDQKR 8QV SHVRV ( jV TXDWUR H
PHLD GDWDUGH 5H\ WLQKD D VXD FDUWHLUD GH LGHQWLGDGH QRYD HP
IROKD HPQRPH GH XP WDO GH -RVp /LQDUHV &RUUrD GH GH]HQRYH
DQRVQDVFLGRHP6LEDQLF~HGRPLFLOLDGRHP+DYDQD3URQWR
‡ 1R GLD VHJXLQWH FRPHoRX FRP R ELFLWi[L *DQKRX
FHQWR HFLQTHQWD SHVRV %RP SDUD XP SULPHLUR GLD 'H WDUGH
TXDVHGH QRLWH IRL YHU 6DQGUD (OD HVWDYD RFXSDGD QD VXD ORQJD
VHVVmRGH PDTXLDJHP H FHQRJUDILD QRWXUQD FRP EULOKRV
DEXQGDQWHV
<DPLOpHVSHUDYDIXPDQGRGLVSOLFHQWHHGHVDQLPDGDFRPR
VHPSUH$SXWDULDGREDLUUR&HQWUR+DEDQDH[LJLDHVVHDUGH´HX
VRXGXURQD H SUD PLP WDQWR ID] TXDOTXHU FRLVDµ 5H\ HVWDYD
HQWXVLDVPDGR6DQGUDRUHWHYH
³(VSHUHHOHYHDJHQWH(VWiPXLWRFDQVDGRSDSLWR"
7RPHXPEDQKRFRPDHGHVFDQVHXPSRXTXLQKR$FRPLGLQKD
HVWiSURQWD PDV WRPH EDQKR DQWHV H SRQKD URXSD OLPSD 6XD
URXSDHVWiDt(XODYHLHSDVVHL
5H\ IH] XPD FDUHWD PDV QmR WLQKD MHLWR VHQmR
REHGHFHU
$SURYHLWRX SDUD WRPDU EDQKR GH IUHQWH H PRVWUDU R
SLQWR SDUD<DPLOp (VWDYD FRP D LGpLD IL[D GH PHWHU QDTXHOD
EUDQTXLQKD
(VIUHJRXEHPRSDXSDUDTXHDXPHQWDVVHHHQJURVVDVVH
4XHULDGHVOXPEUDU <DPLOp FRP DOJXPD FRLVD Mi TXH HOD R
GHVSUH]DYDWDQWR <DPLOp QmR VH GHX SRU DFKDGD (OH VH
HQ[XJRXVHYHVWLX
6DQGUDRVHUYLX
DUUR]IHLMmRSUHWRSLFDGLQKRFRPEDWDWDIULWDVDODGDGH
DEDFDWH iJXD JHODGD SmR 'H VREUHPHVD FUHPH GHFKRFRODWH
FDIpHPDLVXPGDTXHOHVIDEXORVRV/DQFHURV <DPLOpROKRX EHP
DTXLORWXGRDWpTXHQmRDJHQWRXPDLVHH[SORGLX
³ 2OKH 6DQGUD TXHH[SORUDomR TXH HVVH FDUDHVWi
ID]HQGR FRP YRFr" 4XH SRUUD p HVVD VXD FRP HVVH PRUWR GH
IRPHIHGRUHQWR"
³$L<DPLOpQmRPHDPROH(OHpR5HLGH+DYDQDH
pPHXPDULGRHQWmRHXVRXD5DLQKDGH+DYDQDKDKDKD25HL
HVXD5DLQKD
1mR WLQKD YLVWR 0DJGD 3DUDGD QD SRUWD GR TXDUWR
QDSHQXPEUD GR FRUUHGRU HOD KDYLD HVFXWDGR WXGR ( SXORX
IHLWRXPDOHRD
³ (VFXWH DTXL VHX ERIH GH ELFKD Mi SUy TXDUWR
VHQmR HXOKH DUUHEHQWR D FDEHoD ( YRFr ELFKRQD YHOKD QmR VH
DWUHYD DROKDU SDUD R PHX PDULGR TXH HX PDWR YRFr 4XHP p
YRFrSUDFR]LQKDUSUDHOHSRUUD"
³$LVXDEUX[DODUJDGHVHUEHVWDTXHHXQmRWHQKR
WHPSRSUDYRFr
5H\ ROKRX GH XPD SDUD RXWUD H FRQWLQXRX FRPHQGR
FRPRVH QmR HVWLYHVVH DFRQWHFHQGR QDGD <DPLOp VH SUHSDURX
SDUDVHGLYHUWLU
³1mRPHRXYLX 5H\" /DUJXH HVVD FRPLGD ,VVR Dt
WHPEUX[DULDHYDLOKHID]HUPDO
³0DJGDYiSUyTXDUWRTXHHXYRXGDTXLDSRXFR
³1mRVHMDGHVFDUDGRUDSD]9LURXERIHDJRUD"%RIH
EDUDWRGHVVDSRUFDGHVVDELFKRQDSRUTXHVHDRPHQRVIRVVHSXWR
GHHVWUDQJHLUR DLQGD JDQKDYD GyODU PDV QmR ERIH EDUDWR
GHVVDQHJUDSRUFD
³ 9RFr R TXH WHP p LQYHMD GH PLP SRUTXH p XPD
EUX[DLPXQGDHHXVRXXPDYHGHWHHPDGDPH
³(XLQYHMDGHYRFrELFKDGHPHUGD"
³ $L ROKD TXHP HVWi IDODQGR WRGR PXQGR VDEH TXH
YRFrpSXWDGHVVHVYHOKRVSRUFRVTXHOKHSDJDPGXDVSHVHWDV3RU
LVVRHVWi DVVLP WRGD HVWURSLDGD FDVFXGD H QmR FRQVHJXH WLUDU
HVVHHQFRVWRGHFLPDGHYRFrSRUQDGDGHVWHPXQGR9DLODYDUD
PmRYDLHIRUDGRPHXTXDUWR
³0DLVIHGLGDHPDLVSRUFDpYRFrELFKRQD
0DJGD SXORX HP FLPD GH 6DQGUD 7HQWRX SHJiOD
SHORVFDEHORV PDV HUD XPD SHUXFD 6DQGUD DSURYHLWRX SDUD OKH
GDUXQV ERIHW}HV FRP D PmR DEHUWD GDQGR SXOLQKRV H
JULWLQKRVFRPR XPD JDWD 0DJGD EDWHX GXUR FRP VRFRV GH
SXQKR IHFKDGR $EULX R OiELR GD RXWUD %DWHUDPVH PDLV XP
SRXFR<DPLOpVHGLYHUWLQGRFRPDEULJD5H\GHL[RXTXHDVGXDV
GHVDIRJDVVHP
4XDQGRDFKRXTXHMiHUDVXILFLHQWHLQWHUYHLR
TXDUWR
³$JRUDFKHJD0DJGDFKHJD/DUJXHHODHYiSUy
<DPLOpPHDMXGH3HJXHD6DQGUD
<DPLOpQHPVH PH[HX 5LD FRPDTXLOR WXGR 0DJGDH
6DQGUD FRQWLQXDUDP D VH [LQJDU H D VH EDWHU -i WLQKDP
HVTXHQWDGRRVPRWRUHV(UDGLItFLOGHWrODVDJRUD5H\FRQVHJXLX
VHFRORFDUHQWUHDVGXDVHSRUILPDFDOPRXDV
³6HHQWUDUDTXLRXWUDYH]EUX[DSXWDYHOKDHXFRUWR
YRFrHPSHGDFLQKRV³JULWRX6DQGUD
³ /DUJD GR PHX PDULGR ELFKRQD ILOKDGDSXWD 6H
ROKDUSDUDHOHGHQRYRFRUWRDVXDEXQGDHDVXDFDUD3RGHWHU
FHUWH]D GH TXH HX FRUWR YRFr LQWHLULQKR H DUUHEHQWR D VXD FDUD
GHVJUDoDGR
5H\FRQVHJXLXOHYiODDUUDVWDGDSDUDVHXTXDUWRHVFXUR
HIHGHQGR D XPLGDGH H VXMHLUD 5H\ Mi QmR JRVWDYD PDLV GH
ILFDUDOL 2 TXDUWR YHQWLODGR GH 6DQGUD VHPSUH FKHLURVR GH
SHUIXPHVLQFHQVRHHUYDVDURPiWLFDVHUDPXLWRPDLVDWUDHQWH
³1mRPHDSDUHoDPDLV GR ODGR GHVVD ELFKRQD SRUTXH
HXPDWR YRFr 5H\ 4XHEUR D FDUD GH YRFrV GRLV H DFDER FRP
RVGRLVQHPTXHWHQKDGHLUSUDFDGHLD
³(XIDoRRTXHPHGHUQDWHOKD0DJGD9RFrQmRp
GRQDGH PLQL SRUUD QHQKXPD H QmR YDL TXHEUDU D FDUD GH
QLQJXpP
³3RUUDVRXVXDPXOKHUHQmRYDLPDLVVHPHWHUFRP
HVVDELFKRQD EHP GR ODGR GR PHX TXDUWR ,VVR YRFr QmR YDL
ID]HU
(VVD HX QmR YRX HQJROLU 9RFr QmR VH PHWD FRP HVVD
ELFKRQDQHPFRPQLQJXpP
³ $K QmR HQFKD R VDFR 0DJGD YRFr VRPH Dt GRLV
WUrVGLDV QDV VXDV SXWDULDV 1mR YHQKD DJRUD ID]HU WUDJpGLD FRP
HVVDFDUDGHGRQDGHFDVD
0DJGDGHVSHQFRXGHUHSHQWH$KLVWHULDGHVDSDUHFHXH
GHXPVyJROSHILFRXGHSUHVVLYDHFKRURVD
³1mRDFDEHFRPLJR5H\SHORDPRUGDVXDPmH
(VWRXFDGD YH] PDLV DSDL[RQDGD SRU YRFr 1mR IDoD LVVR
FRPLJR
HXQmRTXHULDPHDSDL[RQDU3RUTXr"3RUTXr"
(FRPHoRXDVROXoDU5H\ILFRXROKDQGRGXYLGDQGR
³,VVRDtpOiJULPDGHFURFRGLOR1mRYDLPHDPDQVDU
HHXHVWRXLQGRHPERUDTXHWHQKRGHWUDEDOKDU
0DJGDOHQD FKRUDQGR FRPR XPD 0DGDOHQD VH DWLURX
GHEUXoRV QD HQ[HUJD 5H\ IRL SDUD R TXDUWR GH 6DQGUD $
PDUFKDWULXQIDO
³ 2OKH R TXH HVVD SXWD GHVVD EUX[D IH] FRPLJR ³
GLVVH6DQGUD PRVWUDQGR PXLWDV PDUFDV UR[DV H DUUDQK}HV QR
URVWR HQR SHVFRoR TXH WHQWDYD HVFRQGHU FRP PDTXLDJHP ³
$LQGDEHP TXH QmR PH TXHEURX QHQKXP GHQWH (OD EULJD TXH
QHPKRPHP p XPD VHOYDJHP QDGD IHPLQLQD HX QmR VHL
FRPRYRFr SRGH WUHSDU FRP XPD PXOKHU TXH p XP VHOYDJHP
OXWDGRUGHER[HXPDEUX[DGHPHUGD
³ 6DQGUD SDUH FRP LVVR PDPLWD FRP HVVD KLVWyULD
GHPDULGLQKR QRYR GH PDTXLDJHP EURQFD DUUDQKmR H
SHUXFDHVWUDJDGD GH YL]LQKD SXWD DKK YRFr HVWi KHP WUiJLFD
XOWLPDPHQWH³GLVVH<DPLOp
³ 9RFrV QmR TXHULDP TXH HX OHYDVVH DV GXDV"
(QWmRYDP
ERUD TXH QmR TXHUR PDLV FRQIXVmR HVWD QRLWH FRP
0DJGD
³ (VSHUH XP SRXFR ³ GLVVH 6DQGUD ³ (VWRX
QHUYRVDHQmRFRQVLJRSUHJDURVFtOLRV0HDMXGH<DPLOp
/RJRGHSRLV5H\VHJXLDSHGDODQGRSHOD5HLQDFRPDV
GXDVSXWDV DFRPRGDGDV DWUiV WRPDQGR D IUHVFD GD QRLWH H
IXPDQGR
'HL[RXDVGXDVSHUWRGR5LYLHUD
GLVVH
(VVDRSHUDomRVHUHSHWLXWUrVQRLWHV1DTXDUWD6DQGUD
³(VSHUHDTXL6HDJHQWHQmRVDLUHPPHLDKRUDYi
HPERUD
(ODV HQWUDUDP QR &DIp 5RXJH 3RXFR GHSRLV <DPLOp
VDLXGHXOKH YLQWH GyODUHV H LQGLFRX XP HQGHUHoR 9LQWH
PLQXWRVGHSRLV 5H\ YROWDYD FRP GRLV SDSHORWHV GH FRFDtQD
6DQGUD IRLTXHP UHFHEHX 'HXOKH PDLV FLQFR GyODUHV H YROWRX
SDUD R FDIpHOHJDQWH RQGH Vy DFHLWDYDP GyODUHV 5H\ SHJRX VXD
QRWDYHUGLQKDHSHQVRX
´8KPLVWRDTXLpRXWUDFRLVDLVWRpTXHpYLGDµ
FRFD
*RVWRX GH VHUYLU GH PHQVDJHLUR 2 ELFLFDPHOR GD
7UDEDOKDYD SRXFR GH GLD H GH QRLWH ID]LD XPDV
YLDJHQ]LQKDV $FLQFR SHVLWRV FDGD XPD 1XQFD WLQKD WLGR WDQWR
GLQKHLUR 0DVMi VH VDEH $ IHOLFLGDGH GXUD SRXFR HP FDVD GH
SREUH 8PD QRLWHIH] GXDV YLDJHQV (P FDGD XPD WURX[H FLQFR
GRVHVSDUDR&DIp5RXJHH6DQGUDDVSHJRXHOHYRXSDUDGHQWUR
1D WHUFHLUD YLDJHP YLQKD FRP VHWH SDSHORWHV 2 QHJyFLR LD GH
YHQWRHPSRSD
(UDP GXDV GD PDQKm 1mR KDYLD YLYDOPD QRV DUUHGRUHV
6y GRLVWD[LVWDV FRFKLODQGR HVSHUDQGR FOLHQWHV WUHVQRLWDGRV H
XPDVSXWDV PDO YHVWLGDV TXH QmR SRGLDP HQWUDU QR FDIp
HVSHUDQGRFOLHQWHVGH~OWLPDKRUD5H\HQWUHJRXRVSDSHORWHVSDUD
6DQGUDHVFRQGLGRVGHQWURGHGRLVPDoRVGHFLJDUUR'HXPFDUUR
TXHHVWDYD SHUWR DSDUHQWHPHQWH YD]LR VDtUDP GRLV VXMHLWRV FRP
UHYyOYHUHVQDPmR
³1mRVHPH[DP3ROtFLD1mRVHPH[DP
GHOHV
(P XP VHJXQGR RV GRLV DJHQWHV HVWDYDP HP FLPD
5H\GHXXPHPSXUUmRHP6DQGUDHMRJRXDHPFLPDGRV
SROLFLDLV $VVLP JDQKRX XQV VHJXQGRV H VDLX FRUUHQGR SDUD D
UXDODWHUDO ­V VXDV FRVWDV VRDUDP GRLV WLURV &RUUHX DLQGD PDLV
GHSUHVVD2XYLXRXWURGLVSDUR&KHJRXjHVTXLQDHHQWURXQXPD
UXDHVFXUD &RUUHX FRPR XPD DOPD SHQDGD 'RLV TXDUWHLU}HV
DEDL[R HVWDYDP FRQVWUXLQGR XP HGLItFLR GH YiULRV DQGDUHV
(QWURXQD FRQVWUXomR 8P FDUUR SDVVRX GHSUHVVD QD UXD (OH
ILFRX XPSRXFR DWUiV GH XPD SDUHGH HVFXWDQGR SUHQGHQGR D
UHVSLUDomR
6LOrQFLR'RLVYLJLODQWHVSDVVHDYDPQDTXHOHPRPHQWRQD
IUHQWH GR HGLItFLR ´%RP PHOKRU HVSHUDU XP SRXFRµ SHQVRX
)LFRXID]HQGR FRQWDV *DQKDYD WRGD QRLWH GH GH] D TXLQ]H
GyODUHV VyFRP DV YLDJHQ]LQKDV GH FLQFR TXDUWHLU}HV ´3RUUD
FRPRHVVHQHJyFLRDFDERXUiSLGRµ0LQXWRVGHSRLVRVYLJLODQWHV
IRUDPGDUXPDYROWDSRUWUiVGRHGLItFLR5H\VDLXWUDQTLODPHQWH
FDPLQKDQGR SRU WRGR R 9HGDGR $JRUD WLQKD D VXD FDUWHLUD GH
-RVp/LQDUHV&RUUrD2VSROLFLDLVMiRKDYLDPSDUDGRWUrVYH]HVH
VDLXLOHVR WRGDV HODV $QGDYD WUDQTLODPHQWH FRP VXD
LGHQWLILFDomRWULQWD GyODUHV QR EROVR PDLV EHP YHVWLGR TXH
QXQFD ´(VWDYDTXDVH FRPSUDQGR XPD FRUUHQWH GH RXUR ERP
YDPRV YHU FRPRp TXH YRX VDOYDU D SHOH DJRUDµ 3RU VRUWH QmR
ILFRXYLFLDGRQDFRFD([SHULPHQWRXXPDVYH]HV3UHIHULDRUXP
HDHUYD
/HPEURXTXHWLQKDXPSRXFRGHHUYDQREROVR6HQWLD
VHPXLWR VHJXUR $FKDYD TXH 6DQGUD QmR LD IDODU VH EHP TXH
VHWDPEpP WLYHVVHP SUHQGLGR <DPLOp GDYD SDUD HVSHUDU
TXDOTXHUFRLVD´3HQVHXPSRXTXLQKR5H\3HQVHXPSRXTXLQKR
SDUDFRQWLQXDUVHQGRR5HLGH+DYDQDHQmRDFDEDUQRGHSyVLWRµ
6HQWRXVHQRPXURGR0DOHFyQ(UDPWUrVGDPDQKmHD
EULVDERD GLVSHUVDULD D IXPDoD (QURORX R EDVHDGR H IXPRX
1LQJXpPFKHJRX SHUWR (QWURX QXP EDUDWR OHJDO H HQWmR VXD
FDEHoDFODUHRX
´5H\QDOGLWR PHX ILOKR HOHV YLUDP D VXD FDUD 9i
VDEHUGHVGH TXDQGR HVWDYDP REVHUYDQGR H YRFr DOL FRPHQGR
PHUGDQRWULFLFORSUDFLPDHSUDEDL[R'HIRUPDTXHVHYRFrVH
PRVWUDU GHPDLV HP +DYDQD p FDGHLD GH QRYR 8KPP YDL WHU
GHVXPLUXQVGLDVHGHSRLVDYLVDUD0DJGDµ
( DVVLP IH] &DPLQKRX FDOPDPHQWH SRU WRGR R
0DOHFyQDYHQLGDGHL3XHUWR7DOODSLHGUDHOHYDGRVGRWUHPSRUWR
SHVTXHLUR-iHVWDYDDPDQKHFHQGRTXDQGRFKHJRXDRGHSyVLWRGH
FDUURFHULDV H IHUURYHOKR 'RLV FDPLQK}HV HQRUPHV HVWDYDP
GHVSHMDQGR PDLV VXFDWD LPXQGD (QWURX SRU XP FDPLQKR TXH
FRQKHFLDEHP2FRQWrLQHUHQIHUUXMDGRHPHLRSRGUHHVWDYDjVXD
HVSHUD
5H\ROKRXSDUDHOHFRPDPRU
´$K PLQKD FDVLQKD TXH IHOLFLGDGH ILFDU DTXL
VRVVHJDGLQKRµ GLVVH SDUD VL PHVPR 6HQWLDVH EHPDOL 0XLWR
EHP ( GHLWRX SDUD GRUPLU HP FLPD GH XQV SDSHO}HVPHLR
SRGUHV(VWDYDFRPRXPFDFKRUULQKRQRQLQKR
4XDQGR DFRUGRX VHQWLDVH QRYR (VWDYD FRP IRPH H
GLVVHSDUDVLPHVPR
´3UD 5HJLD 5H\ SRUTXH DOL WHP SRXFD SROtFLD HYRFr
DJRUDWHPGLQKHLUR(QWmRQDGDGHHVPRODQHPGHVDQWLQKR2
VDQWLQKRTXHPHEHLMHRVEDJRVµ(S{VVHDFDPLQKR
-iHVWDYDDQRLWHFHQGRHVHQWLXXPSRXFRGHIULR4XDQGR
FKHJRX D 5HJLD KDYLD XPD IHVWD QR SDUTXH 8PD JUDQGH IDL[D
GL]LD
µ)HOL]$QR1RYRµHHPRXWUDOHX
´%HPYLQGR FRP PDLRUHPSHQKR GHIHQGHUHPRV
QRVVDVFRQTXLVWDVµ
´$KSRUUDQRGLDVHWHGHMDQHLURFRPSOHWRGH]HVVHWH
DQRV
0HOKRU FRPHPRUDU KRMH R $QR1RYR H R DQLYHUViULR
MXQWRV H VHDPDQKm PH SUHQGHP DFDERXVH D IHVWD FRPR GL]LD
PLQKDDYyµ
&RPSURX FHUYHMD /RJR VH HQJDQFKRX QXPD QHJULQKD
EHPSUHWD FRP XP ERP UDER H ERDV WHWDV 0XLWR DOHJUH H
VRUULGHQWH H FRP PXLWR Sy GH TXLQD HVSDOKDGR QR SHLWR H QDV
FRVWDV SDUDHVSDQWDU WRGR PDO 4XDQGR 5H\ WLURX WULQWD GyODUHV
SDUD SDJDUD FHUYHMD D QHJULQKD ROKRX FRP R UDER GRV ROKRV H
GLVVHSDUDVLPHVPD
´*DQKHLDQRLWHµ0DV5H\PRVWURXDVQRWDVHSHQVRX
µ0RUGHX D LVFD SXWD YDL OHYDU IHUUR HVWD QRLWH DWp QD
RUHOKD$VSHUORQDVHVWmRSHGLQGRFDUQHµ
(DVVLPIRL'DQoDUDPXPSRXFR'HUDPXQVDPDVVRV
5H\FRPSURX PDLV XPD FHUYHMD SDUD HOD 'HSRLV D OHYRX SDUD
XPDUXHOD DWUiV GD LJUHMD H QDTXHOD HVFXULGmR IH] HOD FKXSDU H
VROWRX D SULPHLUD SRUUD HQVRSDQGROKH DV WHWDV 7LQKD VrPHQ
GHGRLVGLDV0XLWRVrPHQ(GLVVHSDUDHOD
³1mROLPSHQmR'HL[HVHFDUDt(VVDpDPDUFDGR
5HLGH+DYDQD$VVLPYRFrYDLHVTXHQWDQGRRPRWRU
(QILP 5H\ FRPHoRX PXLWR EHP R DQR GH *DVWRXVHXV WULQWD GyODUHV HP UXP FHUYHMD H QXPD ERD SDHOOD
GDQoRXWUHSRXDQRLWHWRGD(jVVHLVGDPDQKmHVWDYDDFDEDGR
FRPPHLD JDUUDID GH UXP QD PmR H D QHJULQKD GHVPDQWHODGD
FRPRHOHGRUPLQGRFRPDFDEHoDGHLWDGDHPVXDVFR[DV(VWDYD
ROKDQGRRDPDQKHFHUVHQWDGRHPVXDHVFDGDSUHIHULGDMXQWRDR
PDUQD IUHQWH GD LJUHMD GH 5HJLD ´-i p SULPHLUR GH MDQHLUR
&RPRHXPXGHL6HLDWpGDQoDUHJRVWRGHP~VLFDµ(VWDYDDOHJUH
HVDWLVIHLWRFRPVXDIHVWLQKD5HFRVWRXVHSDUDWUiVHGRUPLX
'HVSHUWRXFRPRVRODOWRHEHPTXHQWH­VXDHVTXHUGD
DEDUFDGHSDVVDJHLURVLDHYLQKDDWUDYHVVDQGRDEDtD$QHJULQKD
WDPEpP DFRUGRX (VSUHJXLoDUDP ERFHMDUDP ROKDUDPVH (OD
OKHGHXXPEHLMRLQHVSHUDGDPHQWHDOHJUHHVDWLVIHLWD
³ $L TXH QRLYR PDLV OLQGR SUD FRPHoDU R DQR
0XODWRSRUUHWD&RPRpTXHYRFrVHFKDPDTXHHXHVTXHFL
³(VTXHFHXQDGD(XQmRFRQWHL
³'HQRLWHYRFrFRQWRXVLP
³&RQWHLQDGD(YRFrFRPRVHFKDPD"
³.DWLD
³(XPHFKDPR5H\
$K
³2TXr"
³0HFRPSUDXPUHIUHVFR(VWRXFRPXPDVHGH
³'HL[DHXYHU³UHYLVWRXRVEROVRV³1mR1mR
WHQKRQHPXPWRVWmRHSDUHFHDLPLQKDPmH
³2TXHIRL"
³4XHSHUGLPLQKDFDUWHLUDGHLGHQWLGDGH
³,VVRpIRJR
³6HPGLQKHLURHVHPFDUWHLUD
³ $K 5H\ QmR YHP FRP HVVD TXH YRFr p SRUUHWD
2QWHPWLQKDXPSDFRWDoRGHGLQKHLUR0HFRPSUHXPUHIUHVFRH
JXDUGHHVVHUXP1mRTXHURPDLVQmR
³ 1mR WHQKR GLQKHLUR 1mR PH HQFKD R VDFR FRP
HVVHUHIUHVFR2QGHpTXHYRFrPRUD"
³$TXLPHVPR
³%RPHXHVWRXLQGRTXHDIHVWDMiDFDERX
³$LSDSLQmRGLJDLVVR(FDVDGR"
³1mR
³(QWmRDJHQWHSRGHFRQWLQXDU(XQmRWHQKRILOKR
QHPQDGD
³1mRWHQKRQHPRQGHPRUDUPHQLQD6HPDQGDTXH
YDLVHGDUPHOKRU
³1mRYRXQmR1mRJRVWRXGHPLP"
³ *RVWHL FODUR 1mR YLX FRPR FRPL YRFr RQWHP"
(VWRXFRPDSHUORQDSHJDQGRIRJRQRSDX
³$LpPHVPRSDSLPHGHL[RXORXFD
³7HPDOJXPDFRLVDGHFRPHUQDVXDFDVD"
³ 1D PLQKD FDVD" (VWi PDOXFR $ JHQWH p HP
FDWRU]HPRUDQGRWXGRQRPHVPRTXDUWRQXPSUpGLRDTXLSHUWR
XPDVGXDVTXDGUDV
³(QWmRPHOKRUQHPLUSUDOi
³1mRQmR3UDTXr"
6DtUDP DQGDQGR VHP UXPR .DWLD DOHJUH IHOL]
DEUDoDGDFRP 5H\ SHQVDQGR HP TXDO SURPHVVD LD ID]HU SDUD
OHPDQMiSDUD D 9LUJHP GH 5HJLD SDUD DTXHOH PXODWR GH 3LFD GH
2XURQmRLUHPERUDHILFDUDSDL[RQDGRSRUHODSDUDVHPSUH5H\
SRUVXD YH] SHQVDYD HP OHYiOD SDUD R GHSyVLWR GH IHUURYHOKR
SDUDYLYHUDFRPSDQKDGRDOJXPWHPSRQRFRQWrLQHU $ QHJULQKD
HUDILEUD H P~VFXORV $ILQDO GH FRQWDV QmR YDOLD D SHQD ILFDU DOL
VR]LQKRHDPDUJXUDGR´2TXHVHUiTXHDFRQWHFHXFRPD0DJGD
RTXHHVWDUiID]HQGRDJRUDPLQKDGRFHHWULVWH0DJGDGHpEDQR
HPDUILP"µ2QGHpTXHWLQKDRXYLGRLVVR"7HULDVLGRQDHVFROD"
9LQKDQDGLUHomRGHOHVXQLPXODWRDOWRPDJURDOHJUH
FRPXP IODPHMDQWH JRUUR GR VHUYLoR GH OLPSH]D GD FLGDGH GH
&KLFDJRH XPD JUDQGH FRUUHQWH GH RXUR FRP XP PHGDOKmR GD
9LUJHQGH ,D &DULGDG GHL &REUH &XPSULPHQWRX .DWLD FRP XP
EHLMR
³&RPHoRXEHPRDQRQRYR
³ +DKDKD 2OKH 5H\ HVWH p R &KHR XP GRV
PHXVLUPmRV
³0XLWRSUD]HU
8KP
³2TXHYRFrVHVWmRID]HQGR"
1DGD
³7HPXPDEDODGDKRMHGHQRLWHHVWmRDILP"
2QGH"
³1R1RYR9HGDGR
³8KPPXLWRORQJH
³.DWLDYHQKDFi'iOLFHQoDXPSRXTXLQKR5H\
&KHRVHDIDVWRXXQVPHWURVFRP.DWLD
³ 2OKH p XPD EDODGD FRP XQV HVWUDQJHLURV 'RLV
YHOKRVHGXDVYHOKDVHSDJDPEHP4XHUHPYHUXPDFHQD4XDO
pDGHVVHFDUD"6HpIXUDGDGHL[DSUDOiHGLVSHQVD
³1mRQmR(OHpSHUIHLWRSUDLVVR7HPXPSXWDSDX
HQRUPH H FRP GXDV SpURODV QD SRQWD 0H GHL[RX ORXFD RQWHP
GHQRLWH 4XDQWR SDJD" 1mR PH HQUROH TXH YRFr p XP
WUHPHQGRHQURODGRU
³1mRWXGRIDLUSOD\&LQTHQWDSDXVSUDFDGDXP
³'iRHQGHUHoR7iIDODGR
.DWLDFRQYHQFHX5H\TXDQGRPHQFLRQRXRVFLQTHQWD
GyODUHV ­V GH] GD QRLWH HVWDYDP FXUWLQGR XPD FHUYHMD IULD
VHQWDGRVWUDQTLODPHQWH QXPD PDQVmR DJUDGiYHO GH GRLV
DQGDUHV 2VPyYHLV FRUWLQDV H HVWRIDGRV XP SRXFR SXtGRV H
GHVERWDGRVRVSRXFRVHQIHLWHVKDYLDPVLGRQRYRVTXDUHQWDDQRV
DQWHV1DVSDUHGHVXPDPLVWXUDHFOpWLFDGHWHODV
GHVGH /DP 0DULDQR 3RUWRFDUUHUR H RXWURV PHVWUHV
FXEDQRV PRGHUQRV DWp XP 5RPDQDFKH GLYHUVRV HXURSHXV GH
PHDGRVGRVpFXOR;,;XPDDTXDUHODVREUHSDSHOGH'DOLHXPD
JUDYXUD GH 3LFDVVR &KHR RV GHL[RX HVSHUDQGR XPD KRUD
VHQWDGRV QDTXHOH VRIi HPSRHLUDGR FRP D FHUYHMD TXH EHEHUDP
HPGRLVPLQXWRV2VFLQTHQWDHRLWRPLQXWRVUHVWDQWHVILFDUDP
KLUWRV FRQVWUDQJLGRV QDTXHOD UHVLGrQFLDLPSUHVVLRQDQWH VHP VH
DWUHYHUQHPDFRQYHUVDUHQWUHHOHVUHVSLUDQGRSyHXPLGDGH8P
YHDGR YHOKR SDVVRX YiULDV YH]HV DWUDYHVVDQGR R VDOmR 6HPSUH
ROKDYD SDUD HOHV H VRUULD ­V RQ]H GDQRLWH FKHJDUDP RV
FRQYLGDGRV
GRLVKRPHQVGHVHVVHQWDDQRVEDUULJXGRVFRPUHOyJLRVH
FRUUHQWHVGHRXURXPSRXFRDIHWDGRV&XPSULPHQWDUDPRFDVDO
)RUDPSDUDRXWUDVDOD6LOrQFLR
5H\HVWDYDLPSDFLHQWH
³ .DWLD DFKR TXH YRX HPERUD $TXL WHP FRLVD H QmR
HVWRXJRVWDQGRGHVVHQHJyFLR
GyODUHV
³1mRYDLPHGDUPDQFDGDDJRUDTXHVmRFLQTHQWD
1HVVH PRPHQWR &KHR UHDSDUHFHX FRP VHX JRUUR GH
&KLFDJR
³-iFRPELQHLRTXHDJHQWHYDLID]HU$JRUDDJHQWH
S}HP~VLFD EHEH XQV WUDJRV FRQYHUVD H Dt HX DYLVR YRFr SDUD
ID]HUXPVWULSWHDVHSURYRFDR5H\9RFrWLUDRELFKRSUDIRUDH
FRPHoDPXPIUHJHYRFrVGRLV'HSRLVHXWDPEpPWLURRQHJyFLR
SUDIRUDHDFRLVDUROD
³$FRLVDURODRTXr"(XVRXKRPHPQmRTXHURUROR
FRPLJRQmR
³%RPFRPD.DWLDHXIDoRFRPD.DWLDSURQWR
³.DWLDQmRpVXDLUPm"
³$KHVTXHFH
6DLXWXGRQRVFRQIRUPHV
P~VLFD UXP FHUYHMD FRQYHUVDERED XPDV FDUUHLULQKDV
GHSyVQLIDGDV$ELFKRQDGDFDVDHRVYHDGRVHVWUDQJHLURVQmR
HUDP HVWLPXODQWHV 0DV .DWLD HVWDYD DOLFXUWLQGR R UROR 2 Sy
GHL[RX WRGR PXQGR HXIyULFR H D QHJULQKDWLURX GLSORPD GH
HVWUHODSRUQ{6DELDID]HUIHLWRXPDJUDQGHHVWUHOD5H\WHYHXPD
HUHomR H WLURX SDUD IRUD &KHR VH HQWXVLDVPRX H WLURX DV FDOoDV
3DUD HOH WDQWR ID]LD GDU RX FRPHU 2V YHDGRV VH OLPLWDUDP D
ROKDU &KHR WHQWRX YiULDV YH]HV GDU RX FRPHUPDV HOHV
UHFXVDUDP7LQKDPPHGRGHGRHQoDVWURSLFDLV2VKRZIRLEUHYH
1mRWLQKDPXLWRFOLPD2VJULQJRVSDJDUDPHIRUDPHPERUD2
GRQRGDFDVDPRUGHXRDQ]ROGH&KHRHIRUDPSDUDRXWURTXDUWR
0LQXWRVGHSRLV&KHRVDLXSHJRXRTXDGULQKRGH3LFDVVRHQILRX
QXPVDFRSOiVWLFRGHXSDUD.DWLDHGLVVHDVVLP
³/HYHHVVHTXDGULQKRSUDFDVDHJXDUGHSUDPLP
³(SUDTXHYRFrTXHUHVVDPHUGDWmRIHLDHWmRYHOKD"
³3UDHQIHLWDU
³(QIHLWDU1DTXHOHTXDUWRIRGLGR"$KYRFrWiORXFR
³ &XLGDGR SUD QmR SHUGHU GH MHLWR QHQKXP (X OKH
GRXGH]GyODUHVSHORIDYRU
³7iERPVHpDVVLP
³3RGHPLUTXHDJRUDHXWHQKRPDLVXPWUDEDOKLQKR
DGLFLRQDO
.DWLDH5H\VDtUDPDQGDQGRQDPDGUXJDGDVHPSUHVVD
&DGD XP FRP FLQTHQWD GyODUHV QR EROVR 5H\ VHP
FDUWHLUD GHLGHQWLGDGH H SHQVDQGR QR SUREOHPLQKD SHQGHQWH GR
&DIp5RXJHGLVVHSDUD.DWLD
³2OKDHXHVWRXQXPDERDHQmRFRQYpPWRSDUFRP
DSROtFLD9RXPHHQILDUSRUXPDUXDGHVVDVHDPDQKmPHPDQGR
³$KSRUPLPWXGREHP
(QWUDUDP QXPD UXD HVFXUD H DUERUL]DGD MXQWR DR
]RROyJLFR6HJXLUDPSRUDOL+DYLDSRXFDVFDVDVSRXFDVOX]HVH
PXLWDViUYRUHV (VFROKHUDP XPD iUYRUH IURQGRVD VHQWDUDPVH
UHFRVWDGRV DR WURQFR H GRUPLUDP HVFXWDQGR RV JULWRV FKLDGRV
EUDLQLGRV UXJLGRV GH HOHIDQWHV HQWHGLDGRV OH}HV HQWRUSHFLGRV
PDFDFRVHDYHVGHWRGRRPXQGRTXHGHVSHUWDYDPQRPHLRGD
QRLWHFRP VDXGDGH GH VXDV VHOYDV H ODPHQWDQGR DTXHODV JUDGHV
DTXHOH IHGRU GH PHUGD DOKHLD H DTXHODV FRPLGDV VHP JRVWR H
HVFDVVDV
4XDQGRDPDQKHFHXFRPHoDUDPDFDPLQKDUDSpHR
WURSHO GDV DYHV H GRV PDFDFRV IRL ILFDQGR SDUD WUiV $t VH
OHPEUDUDPGHTXHWLQKDPGLQKHLURHSRGLDPWRPDUXPWi[LDWpR
HPEDUFDGRXURGDEDUFDGH5HJLD
0HLD KRUD GHSRLV GHVFHUDP GR Wi[L QD DYHQLGD GR
SRUWRHP IUHQWH DR FDLV GD EDUFD (VWDYDP EHP DPDUURWDGRV H
VXMRVPDV QmR VH GLIHUHQFLDYDP GR UHVWR 8P SROLFLDO VH
DSUR[LPRX HSHGLX GRFXPHQWRV SDUD 5H\ 2XWURV WUrV SROLFLDLV
ID]LDP D PHVPDFRLVD DR DFDVR FRP TXDOTXHU WUDQVHXQWH
5HYLVWDYDP EROVDV HSDFRWHV H LQGDJDYDP D RULJHP GLVWR H
GDTXLOR 6H HQFRQWUDYDPTXDOTXHU DQRUPDOLGDGH GHWLQKDP R
FLGDGmRHOHYDYDPSUHVR
QR3RU ´DQRUPDOLGDGHµ VH HQWHQGLD FDUQH GH YDFD
RYRV OHLWH HPSy TXHLMRV DWXP ODJRVWD FDIp FDFDX PDQWHLJD
VDEmR HQILPXPD TXDQWLGDGH GH SURGXWRV TXH FLUFXODYD QR
PHUFDGR QHJUR DSUHoR PHQRU TXH QDV ORMDV GH GyODU H TXH QmR
H[LVWLDQDVGHSHVRVFXEDQRV
$RPHVPRWHPSRTXHSHGLXDFDUWHLUDGHLGHQWLGDGHR
SROLFLDOLQGLFRXFRPXPJHVWRGHFDEHoDSDUD.DWLDDEULURVDFR
HPRVWUDURTXHHVWDYDOHYDQGR(ODPRVWURXR3LFDVVLQKR
³(LVVRDt"
³8PTXDGULQKRXPHQIHLWHSUDFDVD
$KK
,QVLVWLX FRP 5H\ SDUD TXH PRVWUDVVH D LGHQWLILFDomR
PDVXP RXWUR SROLFLDO WLQKD VXUSUHHQGLGR XP WUDILFDQWH GR
PHUFDGR QHJUR FRP XPD FDL[D FRQWHQGR YiULRV TXLORV GH OHLWH
HPSy
2 SROLFLDO FKDPRX RV RXWURV SDUD DMXGDU FRP WmR
SHULJRVR WUDQVJUHVVRU GD OHL 5H\ UHVSLURX DOLYLDGR H FRUUHX SDUD
HQWUDUQRPROKHGDEDUTXLQKD'HQWURGHDOJXQVGLDVFRPSOHWDULD
GH]HVVHWHDQRVHTXHULDHVWDUHPOLEHUGDGH(PERUDIRVVHGLItFLO
&DGDGLDKDYLDPDLVSROLFLDLVURQGDQGRFDGDYH]PDLV,DWHU GH
YLYHU VHPSUHFRPR XP UDWR HVFRQGLGR HP VXD WRFD" .DWLD
DUUDQFRXRGDTXHODVUXPLQDo}HV
SROLFLDO
³ 3RU SRXFR QmR PH PLMR H FDJR WRGD FRP DTXHOH
³3RUTXr"
³ 9RFr VHP LGHQWLILFDomR H HX FRP HVWH TXDGULQKR
GHPHUGD 1HP VHL SRU TXH &KHR URXERX HVVD SRUFDULD (VWRX
FRPYRQWDGHGHMRJDUQDiJXD
JUiWLV
³(OHSHGLXSDUDYRFrFXLGDUSRUGH]GyODUHV1mRp
³3RULVVRTXHHXQmRMRJR
$EDUTXLQKDDWUDYHVVDYDDEDtDOHQWDPHQWHQDYHJDQGR
HQWUHXQV EDUFRV DQFRUDGRV VLOHQFLRVRV VHP QLQJXpP j YLVWD
1RV FDLVQmR VH YLD QHQKXPD DWLYLGDGH $ LPSUHVVmR JHUDO GR
SRUWRHUDQLGHJUHYHRXGHIpULDVRXVROLGmR
'HVFHUDP HP 5HJLD 0DLV SROLFLDLV (QILDUDPVH QD LJUHMD .DWLD
DSURYHLWRX SDUD VH DMRHOKDUQD IUHQWH GR DOWDUPRU H UH]DU
IHUYRURVDPHQWH 5H\ VHQWDGR QXPEDQFR REVHUYDYD IULDPHQWH
HQTXDQWRSHQVDYD
´6H ILFDU SHGLQGR HVPROD FRP XP VDQWLQKR PH GHL[DP
VRVVHJDGR 2 ~QLFR MHLWRGH QmR PH SHGLUHP FDUWHLUD GH
LGHQWLGDGHDFDGDGRLVPLQXWRVpPHID]HUGHHVPROHLURµ
.DWLD WHUPLQRX VXDV RUDo}HV D OHPDQMi H VDtUDP
DQGDQGRGLVFUHWDPHQWH DWp R HGLItFLR &KHR Mi HVWDYD HVSHUDQGR
SRUHOHV
$UUHEDWRXRTXDGURGDVPmRVGDLUPm
³&KHRPHGiRGLQKHLUR
³'HSRLVDJRUDQmRWHQKR
³1mRVHMDGHVFDUDGR&KHR0HGiPHXVGH]GyODUHV
3RUSRXFR QmR MRJXHL HVVD PHUGD QD iJXD 3UD TXH YRFr TXHU
LVVR"
³ 7i DTXL VHXV GH] GyODUHV .DWLD ( QmR IDoD WDQWD
SHUJXQWD
³ 9RFr YDL YHQGHU HVVH TXDGULQKR 3RU LVVR TXH PH
SDJRXRVGH]
³1mRFRQWHPSDUDQLQJXpPPDVHVWHTXDGULQKRYDOH
XPPRQWH GH SHVRV HP GyODUHV ( Mi HVWi YHQGLGR SDUD XP
HVWUDQJHLURPHXVyFLR
³(TXDQWRHOHYDLSDJDU"
³%RPHOHGLVVHGX]HQWRVPDVHXYRXID]HUGHGLItFLO
YHUVH VROWD XQV WUH]HQWRV KDKDKD 7UH]HQWRV GyODUHV SRU HVWD
PHUGLQKD 6RX RX QmR VRX XP JrQLR SUD QHJyFLR" 0LQKD YLGD
pID]HUQHJyFLR5H\ELVQHV
³ 'XYLGR TXH DOJXpP Gr WDQWR SRU HVVH TXDGULQKR
PL[XUXFD
³ 4XDO p 5H\ Mi HVWi IDODGR 2 FDUD ILFRX ORXFR
TXDQGRHXFRQWHLHHOHWHPFRPRWLUDUGRSDtVVHPSUREOHPDQHP
QDGD
4XHPWHPGyODUYLYHEHPFDUD'LQKHLURGLQKHLURVHP
GLQKHLUR QmR VH YLYH 9DPRV Oi SUD IRUD FDUD 9DPRV IDODU GH
QHJyFLRV
6DtUDPGRSUpGLRHVHVHQWDUDPQDVDUMHWD
³ 2OKH 5H\ HX QHPFRQKHoR YRFr PDV YRFr HVWi
IHLWRVHTXLVHUFDUD(VHHVWiFKHJDGRQDPLQKDLUPmERPHX
WHQKRGHDMXGDU
³1mRVHLSRUTXHHVWiGL]HQGRLVVR
³9RFrpPRoR7HPXPERPPDWHULDO(VVDFRU]LQKD
VXDWHPPXLWRYDORU
³'RTXHYRFrWiIDODQGR"
³ (VFXWH DV HVWUDQJHLUDV VmR ORXFDV SRU QHJURV H
PXODWRV
&RPR YRFr H HX ( YRFr WHP XP SDX]mR TXH YDOH XPD
IRUWXQD
SXUR
9DOHRXURLVVRDtTXHYRFrWHPQRPHLRGDVSHUQDV2XUR
³5DSD]YRFrpYHDGRRXTXDOpRVHXSUREOHPD"
³(VSHUHDtHVSHUHDtQmRYDLVDLQGRIRUDQmR(VWRX
TXHUHQGRDMXGDU
³ 4XHUHQGR DMXGDU" $VVLP GH JUDoD" 6y GH
ERQ]LQKR
FRP HVVD SLQWD GH VHPYHUJRQKD TXH YRFr WHP 1mR
HQFKDRVDFRFDUD
³(VSHUDDtFDUDROKHHVFXWH(XSDVVHLVHLVPHVHV
QD)LQOkQGLD DPLJDGR FRP XPD HVWUDQJHLUD GH Oi PHVPR GD
FDSLWDO H DTXLOR IRL XP DWUDVR GH YLGD 8P IULR H XPD QHYH GR
FDUD,KR H HX QmR HQWHQGLD D OtQJXD PDV SRUUD Gi SUD YLYHU
WRGRPXQGROiYLYHTXHQHPUHL
³(SRUTXHYROWRX"
³1mRQmRHXWLYHXQVSUREOHPLQKDVFRPDSROtFLDH
LVVRDtQDGDMiSDVVRX2OKH5H\DJHQWHWHPTXHVHSURMHWDU
HXDJRUD HVWRX FRODGR QXPD QRUXHJXHVD (OD YHP HP IHYHUHLUR
SUDFDVDUFRPLJRHHXYRXPHPDQGDU
³3UDRQGH"
³3UD1RUXHJD
³2QGHTXHpLVVR"
³ 1D FDVD GR FDUDOKR (OD GLVVH TXH p LJXDO j
)LQOkQGLDXP WUHPHQGR GXP IULR H QHYH H D OtQJXD HVTXLVLWD D
PHVPDERVWD PDV DJRUD YRX FDVDGR OHJDO H SUD WUiV QmR YROWR
QHPSUDSHJDULPSXOVR
³6RUWHVXD
³ e R QHJyFLR p TXH D PLQKD PHQLQD WHP GXDV RX
WUrVDPLJDV 4XDQGR HODV HVWLYHUHP DTXL HX R DSUHVHQWR H YRFr
FRODQXPD GHODV SUD VH PDQGDU WDPEpP 'HSRLV D JHQWH PDQGD
XPQRUXHJXrV DTXL SUD .DWLD 2OKD VDFD Vy LVWR DTXL QmR WHP
IXWXURPDVVHHXSXGHUDMXGDUYRFrHDPLQKDLUPm
³1mRQmRFRQWHFRPLJR(XWHQKRPHGRGHDYLmRH
QXQFDVDtGH+DYDQD1HPTXHUR0HXQHJyFLRpDTXL
³1mRVHMDEHVWD5H\9RFrDLQGDpPRoRHWHPXP
SDXTXH SRGH DEULU DV SRUWDV GR PXQGR SUD YRFr HVFXWH R TXH
HXHVWRXGL]HQGR
³1DGDGLVVR6DLGHVVD9RXPHPDQGDU
³$KKYRFrYDLVHUXPPRUWRGHIRPHDYLGDLQWHLUD
³(VWRXDFRVWXPDGRDEDWDOKDUFDUDHQXQFDPRUUL
GHIRPH'LJDSUD.DWLDTXHHXIXLHPERUD'HSRLVDSDUHoRSRU
Dt
&KHR ILFRX VHQWDGR QD EHLUD GD VDUMHWD SHQVDQGR TXH
DTXHOHVXMHLWRHUDXPLPEHFLO(QWURXQRSUpGLRHGLVVHD.DWLD
³2OKHHVTXHoDHVVHPXODWRPRUWRGHIRPH4XHP
QDVFHSUDFHQWDYRQXQFDFKHJDDSHVHWD
5H\ HVWDYD DVVXVWDGR &RPSURX XQV SmHV FRP
FURTXHWHVUHIUHVFRV GRFHV (QFKHX D EDUULJD H UHIH] D URWD
KDELWXDO 6DLXGH 5HJLD 'HL[RX SDUD WUiV RV VLORV $YDQoRX XP
SRXFRPDLVVRERVROVXDYHGHMDQHLURHFKHJRXDWpRFRQWrLQHU
7LQKDPXLWRVSUREOHPDVQDFDEHoD
D SROtFLD 0DJGD D SRVVtYHO GHQ~QFLD GH <DPLOp H
6DQGUD(VWDYDHVJRWDGRHFRPGRUGHFDEHoDSRUFDXVDGDQRLWH
DQWHULRU´1RILPGDVFRQWDVDUUXPHLXPPRQWHGHGyODUHVVHP
PXLWRWUDEDOKRµSHQVRXHGRUPLX'RUPLXSURIXQGDPHQWHYLQWH
KRUDV VHJXLGDV 1DGD R LQWHUURPSHX 4XDQGRGHVSHUWRX QR GLD
VHJXLQWH HUD PHLRGLD H WLQKD XPD IRPH WHUUtYHO &RQWURORXVH
6DELD FRPR ID]HU LVVR ´1HP SHQVH QD IRPHSRUTXH QmR WHP
QDGDTXHFRPHUµ(VVDIUDVHVXDPmHOKHUHSHWLDDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
HFRPLVVROKHWLUDYDDIRPH(UDFRPRXPUHIOH[RFRQGLFLRQDGR
6LPSOHVDVVLP'RUPLWRXPDLVXPSRXFR
PH[HU
0DJGD
3RU SUHJXLoD 3RU SXUD SUHJXLoD 6DELD TXH WLQKD GH VH
,UDWp5HJLDHSURFXUDU.DWLD2XDWp+DYDQDHSURFXUDU
4XH ID]HU" $K GHWHVWDYD WRPDU GHFLV}HV 1XQFD
SHQVDYD HPWHUPRV GH FRRUGHQDomR SUHFLVmR VLVWHPDWL]DomR
SHUVHYHUDQoDHVIRUoR 8QV FmHV ODWLDP DR ORQJH 0XLWRV FmHV
ODWLQGRDRPHVPRWHPSR6XDPHQWHGHVOL]RXSODFLGDPHQWHSDUD
LVVR )LFRX HVFXWDQGR RV FDFKRUURV XP ERP WHPSR (QWmR
GHVFREULX TXH DOpPGHOHV RV JDORV FDQWDYDP DOJXP FDPLQKmR
HVWDYDUXJLQGRHTXHPXLWRPDLVSHUWRRYHQWRVDFXGLDRPDWRH
ID]LDRPXUPXUDU
1mRVHLQWHUHVVDYDSRUQDGDGLVVR3RUTXHVHLQWHUHVVDYD"
3RUQDGD 1mR VH LQWHUHVVDYD SRU QDGD 7XGR OKH SDUHFLD LQ~WLO
(GRUPLXGHQRYR7UDQTLODPHQWH
(VWDYD HQWDUGHFHQGR TXDQGR DFRUGRX $ IRPH Mi HUD
WDQWDTXH QHP VHQWLD PDLV 6DLX DQGDQGR SRU LQpUFLD SDUD
+DYDQD
6HPSHQVDU(VWDYDIUDFRHPDFLOHQWR7LQKDGLQKHLURQR
EROVRPDVQHPOHPEUDYDGLVVR)RLERUGHDQGRREDLUURGH-HVXV
0DULDDWp R SDUTXH 0DFHR (UD PXLWR WDUGH 1mR HVSHUDYD
HQFRQWUDU0DJGDYHQGHQGRDPHQGRLPDHVVDKRUDQRSRQWRGR
FDPHOR
( QmR D HQFRQWURX 7LQKD XP VXMHLWR GLVFXWLQGR FRP
RXWUR'HUHSHQWHWLURXXPDERQHFDGHSOiVWLFRTXHWLQKDGHQWUR
GHXPVDFRHEDWHXQDFDEHoDGRRXWUR
FKHJD
³ 1mR PH WUDWH WmR PDO 1mR PH WUDWH WmR PDO -i
2 RXWUR FRP XP JHVWR SURWHJHXVH FRP R EUDoR D
WHPSRGH DJDUUDU VXD PmR 2 VXMHLWR VH VDIRX H FRQWLQXRX
EDWHQGR QHOHFRP D ERQHFD FXMD FDEHoD VH VROWRX H IRL VH
GHVID]HQGRHPSHGDoRV(QWmRHOHODUJRXRVUHVWRVGDERQHFDH
EDWHXFRPRVSXQKRVIHFKDGRV%DWHQGRFRPRIDULDXPDPHQLQD
GHVYDOLGDHGHVQXWULGD$RPHVPRWHPSRFRQWLQXDYDLQVXOWDQGR
³1XQFDWLYHXPKRPHPJURVVRGHVVHMHLWR1XQFD
2 FDUD VHP DEULU D ERFD FRQWLQXRX VH SURWHJHQGR
FRPRSRGLD DWp TXH HP DOJXP PRPHQWR SHJRX VHX EUDoR
WRUFHXREUXVFDPHQWH H QXP DFHVVR GH UDLYD WHUUtYHO TXHEURX
VHXV RVVRVTXH VH SDUWLUDP IDFLOPHQWH DR VH FKRFDUHP FRP R
MRHOKRGHOH
)LFRXVDWLVIHLWRREVHUYDQGRVDUFiVWLFRVXDREUD
R GH EUDoR TXHEUDGR QR FKmR ROKDQGR SDUD HOH HP
HVWDGRGHFKRTXHWUDQVLGRGHGRU6HQWLDWDQWDGRUTXHSHUGHXD
IDOD 9iULDV SHVVRDV TXH DVVLVWLDP ILFDUDP LJXDOPHQWH PXGDV 2
~QLFR D URPSHU R VLOrQFLR IRLXP YHOKR ErEDGR TXH DVVLVWLD j
FHQDIL[DPHQWHUHSHWLQGR
³ (VWH PXQGR HVWi SHUGLGR YHMDP Vy LVVR HVWH
PXQGRHVWiSHUGLGRYHMDP
2 GR EUDoR TXHEUDGR ILFRX FDtGR QR FKmR 2 RXWUR
VDLXDQGDQGR FRPR VH QDGD WLYHVVH DFRQWHFLGR 7RGRV
GLVIDUoDUDPHROKDUDPSDUDRRXWURODGR5H\FRQWLQXRXDQGDQGR
SHOR SDUTXH0DFHR DWp R PXUR GR 0DOHFyQ 7DOYH] IRVVH PHLD
QRLWH RX GXDVWUrV GD PDQKm 7DQWR ID]LD 1mR KDYLD TXDVH
QLQJXpPQDUXD
'RLVRXWUrVFDVDLVEHEHQGRUXPHWUHSDQGRQRVEDQFRV
HGRLVRXWUrVSXQKHWHLURVREVHUYDQGRHEDODQoDQGRRVSLQJROLQV
UtWPLFDHVRQKDGRUDPHQWH7XGREHP1RSUREOHP
EROVR
(QWmR 5H\ VH OHPEURX TXH WLQKD XQV GyODUHV QR
2OKRXRFDIpGD)LDWHGHUHSHQWHDIRPHUXJLXFRPRXP
WLJUHQR IXQGR GH VXDV HQWUDQKDV /LWHUDOPHQWH $FRQWHFH
SRXFDVYH]HV QD YLGD 6HQWHVH SDYRU SRUTXH VH DFUHGLWD TXH
UHDOPHQWHR WLJUH SRGH QRV GHYRUDU FRPHoDQGR SHODV WULSDV H
VDLQGRSDUDIRUD(HVVHSHQVDPHQWRDOWHUDDWpRPDLVPDFKRGRV
PDFKRVSRUUD e SUHFLVR HQFRQWUDU DOJXPD FRLVD SDUD FRPHU
XUJHQWHPHQWHSDUDWUDQTLOL]DURWLJUH5H\DQGRXGHSUHVVD$EULX
FDPLQKRHQWUHDIDXQDKDELWXDOGHFkQGLGRVWXULVWDVHPEXVFDGH
VH[REDUDWR H GD PHOKRU TXDOLGDGH SXWDV H SXWRV ORXFRV SDUD
HQFRQWUDU R FkQGLGR WXULVWD GH VXD YLGD TXH OKHV SURSXVHVVH
FDVDPHQWR +DYLD WDPEpP XQV TXDQWRV YHDGRV H XPDV TXDQWDV
VDSDWRQDVEUXWDOPHQWHPDVFXOLQDVHVpULDVHUHYHQGHGRUHVGHXP
UXPDVTXHURVR SULPRURVDPHQWH HQJDUUDIDGR FRPR OHJtWLPR
SDWLFUX]DR (P GRLV PLQXWRV HVWDYD GHYRUDQGR WUrV FDFKRUURV
TXHQWHVFRP EDFRQ H GXDV FHUYHMDV 'HVVD YH] HVFRQGHX PXLWR
EHPRVGyODUHVTXHVREUDUDP&RPSURXXPPDoR GH FLJDUURV H
IRLIXPDUQR0DOHFyQ1mRHVWDYDFRPVRQR)D]LDGLDVTXHQmR
WRPDYDEDQKR QHP ID]LD D EDUED PDV DLQGD QmR SDUHFLD XP
PHQGLJR
6y HVWDYD XP SRXFR DPDUURWDGR VXMR GHVJUHQKDGR R
TXH RVLWXDYD PXLWR RUJDQLFDPHQWH QR DSRFDOtSWLFR DPELHQWH
FLWDGLQRGHILQDOGHPLOrQLR9HDGRVILQtVVLPRVHVHQVXDLVHSXWDV
U~VWLFDV H ErEDGDV OKH SHGLDP FLJDUURV FRQWLQXDPHQWH $VVLP
GLVWULEXLXTXDVHWRGRRPDoRUHFpPFRPSUDGRDWpTXHUHDJLX
DKWLQKD VH VHQWDGR QR 0DOHFyQ QD IUHQWH GR FDIp GD
)LDWSUHFLVDPHQWH DOL RQGH VH UHXQLDP WRGRV RV JD\V H OpVELFDV
FDoDGRUHV
$KDVSRUWDVGH'HXV)RLXPSRXFRPDLVDGLDQWHDWpR
SDUTXH0DFHR WHUULWyULR GR DPRU KHWHURVVH[XDO H GRV YR\HXUV
DFRPSDQKDQWHV HYLGHQWHPHQWH PHQRV DJUHVVLYRV H PDLV
FRQFHQWUDGRVQRVHXQHJyFLR
1mR HVWDYD FRP VRQR 4XH ID]HU" 1DGD )XPDU GRLV
FLJDUURV TXH FRQVHJXLX VDOYDU $FHQGHX XP H ROKRX R PDU
HVFXUR HHVSXPDQWH GH MDQHLUR +DYLD XPD ERD IUHVFD H DK
OHPEURXVH GH VHX DQLYHUViULR 4XH GLD VHUi KRMH" 2OKRX HP
YROWD$XQVPHWURVXPQHJURWRFDYDXPDSXQKHWDROKDQGRXP
FDVDO TXHWUHSDYD XP SRXFR PDLV DGLDQWH VHQWDGR GH IUHQWH HP
FLUQDGRDPSORPXURGR0DOHFyQVHPH[HQGRULWPLFDPHQWHHR
QHJURDEVRUWR QR HVSHWiFXOR VH PDVWXUEDQGR QR PHVPR ULWPR
5H\QmRWHYHG~YLGD
³3VLXSVLX{{SVLX{{
2VXMHLWRVHVHQWLXVXUSUHHQGLGR$VVXVWDGRJXDUGRXR
IDORSUHFLSLWDGDPHQWH H FRP FHUWH]D SHUGHX D HUHomR QXP
VHJXQGRSHQVDQGR TXH DOJXP SROLFLDO SRGLD WrOR DSDQKDGR HP
IUDJDQWLPDQXVIDOXVQDYLDS~EOLFD2OKRXGLVVLPXODGDPHQWHSDUD
RODGRGHRQGHFKDPDYDP$t5H\OKHSHUJXQWRX
³4XHGLDpKRMHFDUD"
$KQ"
³4XHGLDpKRMHFDUD"
³$KQGRTXr"2TXHYRFrHVWiIDODQGR"
³$GDWDDGDWD4XHGLDpKRMH"
³ $K QmR SRUUD FDUD 1mR VHL QmR VHL SRUUD
YRFrDFDERXFRPLJR
2QHJURILFRXPXLWR]DQJDGR,JQRURX5H\HGHQRYR
WHQWRX VH FRQFHQWUDU QR VHX SDVVDWHPSR SDUD UHFXSHUDU R TXH
WLQKDSHUGLGRHDYDQoDUPDLV5H\SXORXGRPXURSDUDRFKmRH
VDLXDQGDQGR 1D HVTXLQD GH %HODVFRDtQ GRLV SROLFLDLV
FKDWtVVLPRV
5H\ ILFRX OLJDGR 'HX PHLDYROWD (QWURX QR W~QHO GR
HOHYDGRVDLX QR SDUTXH 0DLV FDVDLV H PDLV SXQKHWHLURV 1D
IUHQWH GHOHDWUDYHVVRX XP YHOKR FRP GXDV VDFRODV FKHLDV GH
DOJXPDFRLVD
(UDP SHVDGDV H R YHOKR DQGDYD GHSUHVVD FRP FDUD GH
DVVXVWDGR
³4XHGLDpKRMHYRY{"
³'XDVHPHLD
³1mRRGLD
³2TXr"
³4XHGLDpKRMH"$GDWD
³$KQmRVHLQmRVHL6mRGXDVHPHLD
7UrVSROLFLDLVQDHVTXLQDGD%HODVFRDtQFRPD6DQ/i]DUR
5H\ YLURX QD 0DUTXrV *RQ]iOH] HVFDSRX SRU DOL H IRL
DWUDYHVVDQGRWRGDVDVUXDVSHTXHQDVQDGLUHomRGH-HVXV0DULD
2V SROLFLDLV ILFDYDP GH JXDUGD QDV DYHQLGDV 1D SRUWD GH XP
SUpGLRQD$QLPDVXPDYHOKDPXLWRPXLWRPXLWRJRUGDWRPDYDD
IUHVFD
4XDVH QXD 6y XP YHVWLGR YHOKtVVLPR SXtGR H
WUDQVSDUHQWHGHWDQWRODYDU'DYDSDUDYHUVXDVWHWDVHQRUPHVRV
ELFRV JUDQGtVVLPRV D EDUULJD H[WUDRUGLQiULD TXHP VDEH GHEDL[R
GDTXHOD PDVVDJHODWLQRVD VXDGD iFLGD FDORUHQWD KRXYHVVH XP
PRQWHGHYrQXVFRP XPD YDJLQD ~PLGD H SDOSLWDQWH H WXGR R
PDLV7DOYH]UHDOPHQWHH[LVWLVVHWXGRLVVRRGLItFLOHUDFKHJDUDWp
OiVHPPRUUHUDVIL[LDGR$PXOKHUQmRHUDPXLWRYHOKDGHYLDWHU
HQWUH WULQWD HFLQTHQWD DQRV RX WDOYH] HQWUH YLQWH H FLQFR H
FLQTHQWDHFLQFR
ÉYLGDGXUDGHVERWDPXLWDFRLVDDFUHVFHQWDUXJDV HQILP
(ODROKRXSDUD5H\HVRUULXSURYRFDQWH5H\SHUJXQWRX
³9RFrVDEHTXHGLDpKRMH"
$ PXOKHU ILFRX VXUSUHVD H FRPHoRX D ULU FRPR VH D
SHUJXQWDIRVVHXPDERDSLDGD
³+DKDKDKDKD1mRVHL+DKDKDKD
³7iERP
³0DVYHQKDFiQmRYiHPERUDKDKDKD
$VHQKRUDRSHJRXSRUXPDPmR2VEUDoRVSDUHFLDP
SUHVXQWRVHDVPmRVHUDPJURVVDVHIRUWHV5H\WHQWRXVHVROWDU
PDVHODQmRGHL[RX3UHQGHXRFRPILUPH]DHOKHGLVVHVHGXWRUD
RXSHOR PHQRV FRP D LQWHQomR GH VHU WmR VHGXWRUD H VH[XDO
TXDQWRR/RERQDIUHQWHGH&KDSHX]LQKR9HUPHOKR
³3DUDTXHTXHUVDEHUTXHGLDpKRMH"
³1mRSDUDQDGDPHVROWHTXHHXYRXDQGDQGR
³1mRYiQmR3UDTXHDSUHVVD"
³0HVROWHSRUUDHKK
(ODRVROWRXHDRPHVPRWHPSRGLVVH
³9DPRVSUyPHXTXDUWRSUDYRFrYHURVMRUURVGHOHLWH
TXHHXVROWRLVVRYRFrQXQFDYLXpXPPHQLQR9HQKDFi
QmRYiHPERUD9HQKDFi
5H\ Mi HVWDYD ORQJH SHQVDQGR HP FRPR HUD LPEHFLO
DTXHODJRUGD
´4XHPYDLWUHSDUFRPXPPDVWRGRQWHGHVVHVSRUUD"
3UHILUREDWHUFLQTHQWDSXQKHWDVµ(PXLWRJUDILFDPHQWH
LPDJLQRXVH WHQWDQGR OHYDQWDU DTXHODV WRQHODGDV GH JRUGXUD GH
WULSDH EDUULJD SDUD HQFRQWUDU D ERFHWD H RV SHQWHOKRV GDTXHOD
PXOKHU
,PDJLQRXVHOHYDQWDQGRDTXLORWXGRHHODULQGRHHOHVHP
HQFRQWUDU R VH[R H Vy VXRU H VXMHLUD H FKHLUR GH VXRU iFLGR (
VRUULX
$KVHULDGLYHUWLGRQRILPGDVFRQWDV
$SHUWRX XP SRXFR R SDVVR +DYLD PXLWR VLOrQFLR H
WUDQTLOLGDGH H PXLWR HVFXUR H IHGRU GH OL[R SRGUH
$SDUHQWHPHQWH RVFDPLQK}HV GH FROHWD GH OL[R QmR SDVVDYDP
ID]LDGLDV1DVHVTXLQDVVHDFXPXODYDPPRQWHVGHGHMHWRVSRGUHV
H[DODQGR VHX RGRUIpWLGR DWUDLQGR UDWRV EDUDWDV H WXGR R PDLV
1mR JRVWRX GH WHUGH DQGDU QXP HVFXUR WmR JUDQGH 6y DV
DYHQLGDV HUDP XP SRXFRLOXPLQDGDV $OJXQV QHJURV GR EDLUUR
EHELDPUXPHFRQYHUVDYDPVRVVHJDGDPHQWHVHQWDGRVQDVSRUWDV
GHVHXVTXDUWRVTXHQWHVHSHTXHQRV$VSHVVRDVGL]LDPTXHR(O
1LQR p TXH HUD FXOSDGR GH WDQWR FDORU ´4XH QLQR VHUi HVVH"µ
SHQVDYD5H\
1D TXDGUD VHJXLQWH TXDVH WRGR PXQGR HVWDYD IRUD
1LQJXpPFRQVHJXLD GRUPLU H OHYDYDP D FRLVD ILORVRILFDPHQWH
VDtDPSDUDVHUHIUHVFDUQDFDOoDGDDWpVHUHPYHQFLGRVSHORVRQR
1LQJXpPWUDEDOKDYD QLQJXpP WLQKD KRUiULRV QLQJXpP WLQKD GH
OHYDQWDU FHGR 1mR KDYLD HPSUHJR H WRGRV YLYLDP DVVLP
PLODJURVDPHQWHVHPSUHVVD5H\VXELXSHOD)DFWRUtDHSDURXQD
HVTXLQD GRHGLItFLR HP UXtQDV &RQWLQXDYD GH Sp 7XGR EHP
´%RP WHQKRGH UHVROYHUµ SHQVRX 2OKRX HP YROWD 1LQJXpP j
YLVWD6RUUDWHLUDPHQWHHQWURXQRHGLItFLRVXELXDHVFDGDjVFHJDV
HEDWHXQDSRUWDGH0DJGD1HQKXPDUHVSRVWD2FDGHDGRQmR
HVWDYD QD WUDQFD SRUWDQWR 0DJGD HVWDYD GRUPLQGR %DWHX GH
QRYRHFKDPRXEDL[LQKRFRPDERFDHQFRVWDGDQXPDUDFKDGXUD
³0DJGD0DJGD0DJGDOHQDDDD
,QVLVWLX XP SRXFR PDLV (QILP GR RXWUR ODGR GD
SRUWD0DJGDUHVSRQGHX
³4XHPpDHVWDKRUDSRUUD"
5H\
5H\"5H\"
³1mRJULWHIDOHEDL[R
0DJGD DEULX D SRUWD 4XDVH QmR VH YLDP ­V FHJDV
0DJGDR DEUDoRX EHLMRXR FRPR XPD ORXFD H PDO FRQWURODQGR
RVVROXoRVDSHUWRXVHFRQWUDHOH
³5H\SHQVHLTXHHVWDYDSUHVRPHXDPRU$L5H\
SHORDPRUGH'HXVTXHERPTXHYROWRX
5H\ QmR GLVVH QDGD 3HOD SULPHLUD YH] QD YLGD VHQWLX
GHQWUR GH VL DOJR LQFULYHOPHQWH ERQLWR DEVROXWDPHQWH
LQH[SOLFiYHO
8PVHQWLPHQWRGHVFRQKHFLGRPDVEHOtVVLPRTXHFUHVFLD
GHQWUR GHOH ( VXD UHVSRVWD IRL XPD HUHomR IRUPLGiYHO DOHJUH
WRWDO
$ HUHomR PDLV ULVRQKD H IHOL] GH VXD YLGD ( WUHSDUDP
FRPR GRLVVHOYDJHQV VH DPDQGR FRPR QXQFD DQWHV KDYLD
RFRUULGR FRPHOHV RUJDVPR DWUiV GH RUJDVPR DWp R DPDQKHFHU
(QWmR ILFDUDPGRUPLQGR DVVLP EHP SRUFRV HPSDSDGRV GH
VXRU H VrPHQ HFDVFmR H IXOLJHP 'RUPLUDP FRPR GRLV OHLW}HV
IHOL]HVVREUHDTXHODHQ[HUJDDVTXHURVD
0DJGD HVWDYD FRP FKDWRV TXH SDVVRX SDUD 5H\ 0DV
FRQYHQFHXR GH TXH HUD HOH TXHP WLQKD FKDWR H TXH KDYLD
SDVVDGRSDUD HOD ( DVVLP ILFRX WXGR $SHVDU GRV FKDWRV H GD
EURQFDILFDUDPWUrVGLDVWUDQFDGRVQXPDORXFXUDGHVHQIUHDGDGH
DPRU SDL[mR H VH[R *DVWDUDP HP UXP PDFRQKD FLJDUUR H
FHUYHMDRVGyODUHVTXH5H\ DLQGD WLQKD 1R TXDUWR GLD HVWDYDP
FRP XPDUHVVDFD DERPLQiYHO HVJRWDGRV FRP FmLEUDV QRV
P~VFXORV0DJGDDFKDYDTXHSRGLD WHU HQJUDYLGDGR 5H\ HVWDYD
FRP D FDEHoD GR SDX DUGHQGR H DV SHUORQDV LUULWDGDV 0DJGD
VHQWLD D PHVPDFRLVD QD KRFHWD H QR HX 2V FKDWRV KDYLDP
SURFULDGR H[XOWDQWHPHQWH FRP WDQWR FDORU H XPLGDGH H RV
GHYRUDYDP YLYRV (VWDYDPFRP R HVW{PDJR TXHLPDQGR FRP
JDVWULWH ( FRPR VH QmR EDVWDVVH Vy UHVWDYDP YLQWH H FLQFR
FHQWDYRVGHGyODUDRFkPELRGHFLQFRSHVRV
5H\HQILRXDPmRQREROVRHTXDQGRYLXTXHVyWLQKD
DTXHOD PRHGLQKD VHQWLXVH EHP 1D YHUGDGH R GLQKHLUR R
LQFRPRGDYDHQmRVDELDRTXHID]HUFRPHOH/HPEURXVHGHVHX
DQLYHUViULR
³0DJGDVHUiTXHMiSDVVRXRGLDVHWHGHMDQHLUR"
³3RUTXr"
³3RUTXHVHWHGHMDQHLURpPHXDQLYHUViULR
³ 1mR GLJD ( TXDQWRV DQRV YDL ID]HU R PHX
QHQH]LQKR"
'LJD TXH HX YRX ID]HU XPD IHVWLQKD FRP SLQDWD H
FDUDPHORV
³$KQmRHQFKD1mRGiSUDIDODUFRPYRFr
(OD IRL DWpHOH 'HXOKH XP DEUDoR H XP EHLMR $JRUD
VLPHVWDYDP KHGLRQGRV H SHVWLOHQWRV GH WDQWR URODU QDTXHOH
FROFKRQHWHVXDGRFRPSHUFHYHMRVHSLROKRV&ODURTXHHOHVQmR
SHUFHELDP QDGD 6HQWLDPVH EHP 0DJGD EHLMRXR FRP WDQWR
DPRUTXHFRQVHJXLXDPDQViOR
³ 'LJD SDSL TXDQWRV DQRV" (X DFKR GHL[D HX
YHU +RMHp 9RFr FKHJRX QD PDGUXJDGD GR GRPLQJR GLD
TXDWURHWUHSDPRVVHPSDUDURGRPLQJRTXDWURDVHJXQGDFLQFR
H D WHUoDVHLV +RMH p TXDUWDIHLUD VHWH GH MDQHLUR +RMH p VHX
DQLYHUViULR
³9HUGDGHPHVPR"
³e4XDQWRVDQRVYRFrID]"'LJDDYHUGDGH
³'H]HVVHWH
³3RUUDDYLGDHVWiPHVPROHYDQGRYRFrHPSDVVR
DFHOHUDGR3DUHFHTXHWHPWULQWD
³$KQmRHQFKDRVDFR
³%RPWDQWRID]9DPRVFRPHPRUDU
³ &RPHPRUDU FRP R TXr 0DJGD" )D] WUrV GLDV TXH
HVWDPRV FRPHPRUDQGR 4XDWUR GLDV 1HP VHL PDLV ( Vy WHQKR
YLQWHHFLQFRFHQWDYRVQREROVR
³ (X DUUXPR DOJXPD FRLVD 1HP TXH VHMD Vy XP
SRXFRGHUXP
2VGRLVHVWDYDPUHDOPHQWHLPXQGRV(VHFRFDQGR2V
SHUFHYHMRV SLROKRV H FKDWRV RV GHL[DYDP ORXFRV 5H\ SDURX QD
SRUWDGR TXDUWR H OKH RFRUUHX ROKDU QD GLUHomR GR TXDUWR GH
6DQGUD
(VWDYDDEHUWR)RLDWpOi(QWURX1mRKDYLDQDGD9D]LR
H DEDQGRQDGR 7LQKDP URXEDGR DWp RV SDXV TXH VHUYLDP GH
VXSRUWHSDUDDTXHODSDUWHUXtGD9ROWRXHSHUJXQWRXSDUD0DJGD
³2TXHDFRQWHFHXQRTXDUWRGD6DQGUD"
³1mRVHLQHPTXHURVDEHU
³0DV0DJGDFRPRYRFrSRGHQmRVDEHU"
³ 9RFr GHYH VDEHU PHOKRU TXH HX WRGD YH] TXH HX
OHPEURPHGiXPDUDLYDSRUGHQWURWUHPHQGRERIHTXHYRFrp
³(HHHX"1mR
³'L]TXHSUHQGHUDPDELFKRQDHYLHUDPUHYLVWDU(X
QmRYLQDGD)RLRTXHGLVVHUDPSRUDt
³0DVDVFRLVDVGHOHWRGDV"$WHOHYLVmRRDSDUHOKRGH
VRPDJHODGHLUD"6DQGUDWLQKDGHWXGROiGHQWUR
³-iGLVVHTXHQmRVHLQHPTXHURVDEHU6HHVWiSUHVR
WRPDUDTXHSHJXHYLQWHDQRV
³$KFDUDOKRSRUTXHYRFrpWmRUXLP"
³3RUQDGD0RUWRRFmRDFDERXVHDUDLYD
$FHQGHUDP R ~OWLPR FLJDUUR H VHQWDUDP QD HVFDGD
(VSHUDQGR XPD LGpLD 0DJGD QmR WLQKD GLQKHLUR QHP
DPHQGRLPSDUD YHQGHU 5H\ FRP YLQWH H FLQFR FHQWDYRV QR
EROVR)LFDUDPROKDQGRSDUDXQLD
SRoDG
iJQDQRDQGDUGHEDL[R7LQKDVHR[LGDGRFRPXQVIHUURV
GDVUXtQDVHHVWDYDYHUPHOKD5H\GLVVH
³$JHQWHSRGHYHQGHUYHQHQRSDUDEDUDWD
³2QGHpTXHYRFrYDLDUUXPDURYHQHQR"
³(VVDiJXDYHUPHOKDSDUHFHYHQHQRpVy ERWDU QD
JDUUDILQKDHSURQWR
³ 1mR GLJD EHVWHLUD 5H\ 1LQJXpP FRPSUD YHQHQR
GHEDUDWD4XHPOLJDSUDEDUDWD"
³ (QWmR D JHQWH WHP GH DUUXPDU XP VDQWLQKR H
SHGLUHVPROD
³'RLVVDQWLQKRV8PSUDPLPRXWURSUDYRFr
6DtUDP DQGDQGR 3DUHFLDP GRLV ]XPELV 6XELUDP D
&DPSDQiULRDWpDLJUHMDGH/D&DULGDG$OLHVWDYDPRVVDQWLQKRV
GHJHVVR 'LYHUVDV GDTXHODV HVWDWXHWDV GHFDSLWDGDV H URGHDGDV
GHEUX[DULD GHSRVLWDGDV QD SRUWD GD LJUHMD 3HJDUDP GXDV
$SHUWDUDPDVFDEHoDVQROXJDUHWHQWDUDPDVRUWHDOLPHVPR0DV
QDGD
1LQJXpP OKHV GHX XP FHQWDYR )RUDP DWp D *DOLDQR
RQGH SXOXODYDP PLOKDUHV GH SHVVRDV ROKDQGR GH ORMD HP ORMD H
RXWURVPLOKDUHVUHYHQGHQGRGHWXGRQDUXD'HVGHELMXWHULDVDWp
VDSDWRV GHPDUFD $V SHVVRDV DOL WLQKDP GLQKHLUR SHQVDUDP (
SHGLUDP FRPFDUDV FRPSXQJLGDV PXUPXUDQGR TXDOTXHU FRLVD
1DGD ,QFUtYHOPDV YHUGDGHLUR 1DGD 1HP XQLD PRHGD 0DJGD
QmR WLQKD PXLWDSDFLrQFLD SDUD DTXLOR 7LQKD GH DUUXPDU GH] RX
YLQWHSHVRVIRVVHFRPRIRVVHSDUDFRPSUDUDPHQGRLPHSDSHOH
GHL[DU GH ODGR HVVDSRUFDULD FRP D LPDJHP 6H S{V D ROKDU
DQVLRVDPHQWH SDUD XQVYHOKRV ErEDGRV QR SDUTXH GD *DOLDQR
FRPD6DQ5DIDHO1HQKXPPRUGHXDLVFD0DVHODQXQFDVHGDYD
SRUYHQFLGDFRPIDFLOLGDGH)RLDWpHOHV6HWLYHVVHGHDUUDQFDUR
GLQKHLURGRVEROVRVGHOHVDUUDQFDYDRGLQKHLURGRVEROVRVGHOHV
PDV YROWDYD SDUD R DPHQGRLP VHP GLVFXVVmR &XPSULPHQWRX
DOHJUHPHQWH SURYRFRX VRUULX )H] FDUD GH GHVHMR VH[XDO 1mR
FRQVHJXLXQDGD(UDPYHOKRVGHPDLVHHVWDYDPErEDGRVGHPDLVH
D LJQRUDUDP WRWDOPHQWH 5H\ILFRX ROKDQGR GH ORQJH ( JR]RX
GHOD
³(VWiSHUGHQGRRMHLWRKDKDKD
³ (VWRX ODUJDGD GHPDLV 9RFr DFDERX FRPLJR FRP
HVVDWUHSDomRPDOXFDVHPSDUDU$OpPGLVVRHVVHVYHOKRVVmRXQV
ERVWDVTXHQmRILFDPGHSDXGXURQHPFRPJXLQGDVWH
³9RFrpTXHHVWiPXLWRYHOKQVFD(XHVWRXLQWHLUR
³9HOKQVFDRTXr"7HQKRYLQWHHRLWRDQRVVy
³3RLVSDUHFHTXHWHPTXDUHQWD
³$KVHLVHLDOpPGLVVRHVWRXSURFXUDQGRGLQKHLUR
pSDUDFRPHPRUDUVHXDQLYHUViULR
³ 1mR Im] FHQD (VWi SURFXUDQGR GLQKHLUR SDUD D
JHQWHQmRPRUUHUGHIRPH
³ &RPR YRFr p PDODJUDGHFLGR PHQLQR (VWUDJD D
YLGDGHTXDOTXHUXP
³ 0DODJUDGHFLGR QmR (X R TXH VRX p PXLWR GXUmR
LJXDOQDP~VLFD
WXQRMXHJXHVFRQPLJRTXH\RVLFRPRFDQGHLDµ
³$KKTXHEiUEDURR5HLGH+DYDQDKDKDKD
SDFD
³+DKDKDRTXr"5HLGH+DYDQDVLPVHQKRUD'XUmR
1LQJXpPPHSDVVDSUDWUiV
³ 9RFr p XPD FULDQoD 5H\ 1mR VH IDoD GH EDFDQD
$LQGDWHPPXLWRTXHDSUHQGHU
³(TXHPTXHYDLPHHQVLQDUYRFr"
³ 1HP HX QHP QLQJXpP 9RFr p XP VHPYHUJRQKD
2XDSUHQGHVR]LQKRRXVHDUUHEHQWD
³1mRWHQKRPDLVQDGDSUDDSUHQGHU
)DODQGR DVVLP IRUDP GHVFHQGR D *DOLDQR DWp R
0DOHFyQ
8P WXULVWD FRP XPD JUDQGH PRFKLOD QDV FRVWDV H
H[SUHVVmRGHVXVWRSHUJXQWRXOKHVRQGHHUDDDYHQLGD,WiOLD1mR
VDELDP RQGHSRGLD VHU (VWDYDP QD *DOLDQR 2 WXULVWD ILFRX
GHVFRQFHUWDGR
´1mREULQTXHFRPLJRTXHHXFRPRIRJRµ17
³(VWDpDDYHQLGD,WiOLD"
H[LVWH
³ 1mR VHQKRU HVWD p *DOLDQR $YHQLGD ,WiOLD QmR
2KK 2 VXMHLWR ILFRX SDUDOLVDGR 3HGLUDPOKH XPD
PRHGLQKDSDUDFRPHU2WXULVWDIH]XPJHVWRGHGHVSUH]RFRPD
PmR H VHJXLXHP IUHQWH PXLWR DSUHVVDGR 3URFXUDQGR
GHVHVSHUDGDPHQWH DDYHQLGD ,WiOLD 4XHP VDEH D YLGD GHOH
GHSHQGLDGLVVR
&RQWLQXDUDP SDUD R 0DOHFyQ 'XDV SHVVRDV OKHV
GHUDPPRHGLQKDV $JRUD WLQKDP WULQWD FHQWDYRV (QWDUGHFLD H R
PDUHVWDYD WUDQTLOR 'RLV VXMHLWRV HVWDYDP MRJDQGR QD iJXD
VXDVEyLDV GH SQHX 3DVVDYDP D QRLWH SHVFDQGR VHQWDGRV HP
FLPDGHVVDV EDOVDV FRP D EXQGD H RV SpV GHQWUR G
iJXD
)OXWXDYDP DGX]HQWRV WUH]HQWRV PHWURV GD SUDLD H DWLUDYDP
DOJXPDVOLQKDVFRPDQ]yLVHFKXPELQKRVÉVYH]HVHVSHUDYDPD
QRLWH LQWHLUDHP YmR (P RXWUDV RFDVL}HV SHJDYDP DOJXP ERP
H[HPSODU
3ULQFLSDOPHQWHVHILFDYDP H[DWDPHQWH HPFLPD GR FDQDO
GHHQWUDGD GR SRUWR (P JHUDO Vy SHJDYDP XP SXQKDGR GH
SHL[LQKRV 1R GLD VHJXLQWH YHQGLDP WXGR (VVH HUD R VRQKR GH
5H\
3RVVXLUXPDGHVVDVEyLDVHSDVVDUDQRLWHVLOHQFLRVDPHQWH
IOXWXDQGR QD iJXD HVFXUD VHQWLQGR D OLQKD DWp XP ERP SHL[H
PRUGHU 1mR VDELD QDGDU 0DV SRGLD DSUHQGHU )LFRX XP
WHPSRDEVRUWRVRQKDQGRWHUVHXVDSHWUHFKRVHVXDEyLDHSHJDU
ERQVSHL[HVWRGDQRLWH0DJGDRDUUDQFRXGDTXHODVUXPLQDo}HV
³2YDPRVVHPH[D
³3UDRQGH"
³9DPRVSUySRQWRGRFDPHOR
'H] PLQXWRV GHSRLV HVWDYDP VHQWDGRV QD HVFDGD GD
HQWUDGDGDFDSHOD&RPRVVDQWLQKRVQDPmR2VGHYRWRVGH/D
0LODJURVDHQWUDYDP H VDtDP H DOJXQV OKHV GDYDP XPDV
PRHGLQKDV2VFDPHORVSDVVDYDPFRPIUHTrQFLDH FHQWHQDV GH
SHVVRDV VXELDPH GHVFLDP PHLR KLVWpULFDV ROKDQGR FRP yGLR
SDUDDOJXpPTXHOKHVDSDOSDYDXPDQiGHJDRXWHQWDYDPHWHUOKHV
DPmRQREROVR
2VTXH VXELDP VH SUHSDUDYDP SDUD HPSXUUDU H EDWDOKDU
2V TXHGHVFLDP UHVSLUDYDP H UHOD[DYDP VHUHQDQGR RV QHUYRV
0DJGDFRP D WHVWD IUDQ]LGD H GXUD HVWDYD HP VHX DPELHQWH
7LQKDPDQWLGRUHODo}HVFRPXQVWDQWRVPRWRULVWDVGRVFDPHORV
2X WDOYH]QmR WDQWR PDV SHOR PHQRV EROLQDUD D YDUD GHOHV SRU
FLQFRSHVRV
(UDDOJXPDFRLVDDILQDO$JRUDVHP DPHQGRLP QmR HUD
QLQJXpP &KHJRX XP FDPHOR 0DJGD SURFXURX FRP RV ROKRV
RPRWRULVWD H TXDQGR R UHFRQKHFHX GHX XP SXOR FRPR VH
WLYHVVH XPD PROD QD EXQGD $SUR[LPRXVH GD MDQHOLQKD
FRQYHUVDUDP HP YR] EDL[D (OD DSRQWRX SDUD 5H\ 9ROWDUDP D
FRQYHUVDU
2 FDPHOR IRL HPERUD 0DJGD YROWRX VRUULGHQWH H GLVVH
SDUDHOH
³&KLQRFRQVHJXLXPWUDEDOKRSUDYRFr
³'HTXr"
³'HHVWLYDGRUQDIiEULFD/D&DULEH
³3RRRUUD&DUUHJDQGRFDL[DGHFHUYHMD"
³&ODUR
³(VWRXIUDFRSUDLVVR(FRPPXLWDIRPH
³0DVYRFrWHPIRUoDSDSLeXPWRXUR
³(FRPRpRODQFH"
³(VVHVXMHLWRpPHXFKDSDHRLUPmRGHOHpFKHIHGH
DUPD]pP Oi 2OKH PH HPSUHVWRX YLQWH SHVRV SUD FRPSUDU
DPHQGRLPHSDSHO
³9DPRVFRPHUDOJXPDFRLVD
WHP
³(VWHVYLQWHSHVRVVmRSUyDPHQGRLP2TXHDJHQWH
QmRFKHJDDWUrVSHVRV9DPRVWHUTXHFRQWLQXDUFRPRV
VDQWLQKRV(DPDQKmYRFrYDLDWpDIiEULFD
³ ( D PLQKD IHVWD" 9RFr QmR GLVVH TXH LD DUUXPDU
GLQKHLURSUDJHQWHFRPHPRUDU"
³ $ JHQWH FRPHPRUD RXWUR GLD PHX DPRU 1mR PH
IDoDJDVWDUHVWHGLQKHLULQKR
5H\QmRUHVSRQGHX6yVHQWLDIRPH8PDIRPHGRFmR
2OKRX HP YROWD 1D HVTXLQD GRLV VXMHLWRV YHQGLDP SmR
FRPFURTXHWHHWRPDWH7LQKDPXPDJUDQGHEDQGHMDDSRLDGDQR
FDUULQKR(OHGHXRVDQWLQKRSDUD0DJGDHGLVVH
³ 6HJXUH LVWR DTXL 9RX HVSHUDU YRFr QR SRUWDO GH
<XPXUt
9HQKDDWUiVGHPLP
SmHV
)RLIiFLO&KHJRXSHUWRGRVGRLVVXMHLWRV3HGLXTXDWUR
)H] GH FRQWD TXH SURFXUDYD R GLQKHLUR QR EROVR 'H
UHSHQWHSHJRX RV TXDWUR SmHV H VDLX FRUUHQGR SHOD 0DUTXrV
*RQ]iOH]DFLPD2VGRLVVXMHLWRVJULWDUDP
´3HJD 3HJD /DGUmR GH SmRSHJDµ 1LQJXpP OKHV GHX
RXYLGRV 5H\ FRUUHX XPDV GXDV TXDGUDV FRPR XPD DOPD
HQGHPRQLQKDGD 3DURX 1LQJXpP R SHUVHJXLD 6HJXLX SHOD
%HODVFRDtQ 6HQWRXVH QXP SRUWDO H FRPHXRV TXDWUR SmHV 3RU
SRXFR QmR HQJDVJRX 'HUDPOKH XP FRSRGH iJXD QXP EDU
6XELXDWpDHVTXLQDFRPD5HLQDHVHVHQWRXQRSRUWDOGRFRUUHLR
jHVSHUDGH0DJGD-iHUDTXDVHGHQRLWH
(ODFKHJRXXPDKRUDGHSRLVULQGR
³9RFrpORXFRSDSL³&RPLRVTXDWURHQWmR
YRFrYDLWHUTXHFRPSUDUDOJXPDFRLVDSUDYRFr
1RGLDVHJXLQWH0DJGDVHOHYDQWRXPXLWRFHGR$LQGD
HVWDYDHVFXUR(OHFRPRVHPSUHGHSDXGXURWHVRGHVHMRVRGH
XPEXUDFR SDUD VH HQILDU H GHVSHMDU R H[FHVVR GH SRUUD 1DGD
0DJGDQmROKHSHUPLWLXWDOGHYDQHLR
³1mRQmRTXHDJHQWHDFDEDILFDQGRDTXLDWpDVGH]
GDPDQKm$JHQWHWUHSDGHQRLWH
³ 3RUUD QmR HQFKD R VDFR 'i XPD FKXSDGLQKD
SHORPHQRV
³ 6H HX GHU XPD FKXSDGLQKD YRX DFDEDU HX PHVPD
PHWHQGRHVVHSDXDWpQRHX$FKDTXHHXVRXGHIHUURp"9DPRV
OHYDQWHHYiHPERUD3HJXHRFDPHORFLQTHQWDHXPHGHVoDQD
/D3RODU
³$LFDUDOKR9RFrKRMHHVWiSDUHFHQGRXPJHQHUDO
³ *HQHUDO SRUUD QHQKXPD HVWRX p FDQVDGD GD VXD
YDJDEXQGDJHP 6y TXHU VDEHU GH WUHSDU 'H EDUULJD YD]LD PDV
WUHSDQGRGH]YH]HVSRUGLD$VVLPQmRGi
&KHJRXjIiEULFD jV VHWH GD PDQKm VHP ODYDU R URVWR
QHPWRPDUFDIpVXMRHFRPRSDXPHLRGXURSRUTXHQRFDPHOR
DSURYHLWRXSDUDVHHVIUHJDUQXPDQHJUDGHEXQGDJUDQGHHGXUD
4XDQGRDQHJUDSHUFHEHXDTXLORVHHPSLQRXSDUDWUiVH
DR GHVFHU 5H\ HVWDYD FRP D SRUUD QD SRQWLQKD PDV Vy LVVR
$JRUD HVWDYD TXDVH WUHPHQGR H OKH GR LDP RV EDJRV 3URFXURX
XPYHOKRJUDQGHHJRUGRFRPFDUDGHErEDGRHPSHGHUQLGR$OL
WRGRVWLQKDP SLQWD GH ErEDGRV KDELWXDLV PDV DTXHOH YHOKR
SDUHFLDWHUQDVFLGRFRPDJDUUDIDQDPmR(UDXPYHOKRHVSHFLDO
([DPLQRXR FRP FXLGDGR GH FLPD D EDL[R FRP UHSURYDomR H
GLVVH
³)RLYRFrTXHR&DUPHOLWRPDQGRX"(VWDPRVFDGD
GLDPDLV IRGLGRV QHVWH SDtV 7XGR TXH HUD ERP IRL SUD FDVD GR
FDUDOKR9HQKDFi
/HYRXRSRUXPFRUUHGRUDWpXPHVFULWyULR0RVWURX
OKHXPDFDGHLUD
³$JRUDTXDQGRDPHQLQDDSDUHFHUHQWUHJXHSDUDHOD
VXDFDUWHLUD GH LGHQWLGDGH H GLJD SDUD HOD ERWDU YRFr QR DQGDU
GRDUPD]pP8PPrVGHWHVWHQmRSHQVHTXHMipIL[R
³1mRQmRYDLGDU
³1mRYDLGDURTXr"
³ e TXH QmR WHQKR D FDUWHLUD GH LGHQWLGDGH DTXL
FRPLJR
³1mRWHPQHPDTXLQHPHPOXJDUQHQKXP
8KP
³%RPHQWmRVHX QHJyFLR p GLUHWR FRPLJR ( YRFr YDL
VHGDUPHOKRU3DJRGH]SHVRVSRUGLD'RPHXEROVR(VWiFODUR"
( YRFr ILFD GH ERFD IHFKDGD 7XGR TXH DFRQWHFHU QR
DUPD]pPVHMDRTXHIRUQmRLQWHUHVVDYRFrQmRYLXQmRVDEHGH
QDGD
(VWiFODUR"
³7iWiWiWiWiWi
³&HUWR9DLU7ERUD
8PPRPHQWRGHSRLV5H\HVWDYDFDUUHJDQGRFDL[DVGH
PDOWHHFHYDGDQRDUPD]pP7LQKDGHFRORFiODVQXPYDJmR]LQKR
HOpWULFR TXH DV OHYDYD SDUD R GHSDUWDPHQWR GH IHUPHQWDomR
1mRHUD GLItFLO 6ROLWiULR QDTXHOH DUPD]pP HQRUPH & FDUD GR
YDJmR]LQKR QmR IDODYD QDGD 8PD KRUD GHSRLV D IRPH OKH
DSHUWRX DVWULSDV 3URFXURX R YHOKR JRUGR 2 VXMHLWR QmR
DSDUHFHX &RQWLQXRX FDUUHJDQGR FDL[DV H VXDQGR $V GH] GD
PDQKmDFKRXTXHLDSHUGHURVVHQWLGRV(VWDYDPXLWRIUDFR(VH
FRFDQGR2VFKDWRVILFDYDPHQWXVLDVPDGRVFRPRFDORUHRVXRU
(SLFDYDPPDLVHPHOKRU3RUILPRYHOKRJRUGRDSDUHFHX5H\
GHVIDOHFLGRGLVVH
³2OKHVHQKRUSUHFLVRGHDOJXPDFRLVDSUDFRPHU
SRUTXH
³$KFODURFODURHVTXHFL9iSRUHVVHFRUUHGRU1R
ILQDOWHPXPTXLRVTXH/iYHQGHPFURTXHWHHUHIUHVFR
³8KPP
³2TXr"
³8KQLQmRWHQKRGLQKHLUR
³3RUUDFDUDSRUTXHQmRIDORX"(DODQLQJXpPSRGH
DGLYLQKDU 7RPD &LQFR SHVRV GH DGLDQWDPHQWR GH WDUGH GRX
RUHVWR
5H\ FRPHX FURTXHWH $OPRoRX DUUR] FRP IHLMmR
&DUUHJRXFDL[DRGLDLQWHLUR$VFLQFRGDWDUGHFREURXRUHVWRGR
GLQKHLUR(VWDYDFRPFKHLURGHFDFKRUURPRUWR2YHOKRJRUGR
OKHHVWHQGHXDQRWDGHORQJHHSHUJXQWRX
³9HPDPDQKm"
³&ODUR
³ %RP QmR VH RIHQGD PDV WRPH XP EDQKR FDUD
WRPHXQLEDQKRSRUTXHYRFrHVWiVROWDQGRIDtVFD
³8KPP$TXLWHPEDQKHLUR"
³7HPXQVFKXYHLURVOiDWUiVPDVQmRWHPiJXDLVWR
DTXLpGRWHPSRGR2QoD
³8KPP
³2OKHDTXLSHJXHXPEDOGHGHiJXDQDIHUPHQWDomR
HYiOiDWUiVHVHODYH
³7iERP
³(YDLILFDUFRPHVVDURXSDKRUURURVD"%RPYiOi
1DTXHOH GLD 5H\ IRL HPERUD OLPSR HPERUD FRP D
PHVPDURXSDDVTXHURVD1RGLDVHJXLQWHRYHOKRJRUGROKHGHX
GHSUHVHQWHXPSHGDoRGHVDEmRHQRRXWURXPDFDPLVHWDOLPSD
0DLVXP GLD H XPD FDOoD 1R RXWUR GLD OHYRXR DR PpGLFR GD
IiEULFD SDUD VH FXUDU GRV FKDWRV H GD VDUQD 1R ILP GD VHPDQD
5H\WLQKDPHOKRUDVSHFWRHRYHOKRJRUGRGLVVH
³5H\QRDUPD]pPYRFrQmRWHPIXWXUR7UDEDOKDU
SRUGH]SHVRVSRUGLDQmRpERPQHJyFLR
8KP
³4XHUSDVVDUSDUDDHVWLYDGDSURGXomR"
³2TXHpLVVR"
³(VWLYDGDSURGXomR
$K
³4XHURXQmRTXHU"
8KP
³9DPRV
)RUDPDWp D IiEULFD(VWDYDP HQJDUUDIDQGR FHUYHMD $
WHFQRORJLD GDV ODWDV DLQGD QmR KDYLD FKHJDGR 2 EDUXOKR GDV
JDUUDIDVVHFKRFDQGRQDOLQKD$VPXOKHUHVWLQKDPRURVWRMRYHP
HPDUFDGR 0XODWDV H QHJUDV JRVWRVDV DOHJUHV H VXDGDV TXH
EULQFDYDP PXLWR FRP RV HVWLYDGRUHV (UD XP DPELHQWH ERP
UHOD[DGR(DVJDUUDIDVLDPVDLQGRXPDGHSRLVGDRXWUD7LQKDP
GHVHU FRORFDGDV QDV FDL[DV $V FDL[DV QRV HQJUDGDGRV 2V
PRQWDFDUJDV OHYDYDP RV HQJUDGDGRV ( YLQKDP PDLV H PDLV
JDUUDIDV
8QV QHJURV IRUWHV H VXDGRV FDUUHJDYDP HVVDV FDL[DV
&LQFRRXVHLVQHJURV2OKDUDPSDUDHOHXPSRXFRFDUUDQFXGRVH
FRQWLQXDUDP 2 YHOKR JRUGR R FRORFRX HQWUH GRLV QHJURV 1mR
SUHFLVDYD WUDEDOKDU GHSUHVVD 'DYD SDUD VH ID]HU XP ULWPR
F{PRGRPDV VHP SDUDU (UD SUHFLVR DFRPSDQKDU R ULWPR GD
HQJDUUDIDGRUD ­V YH]HV WLQKDP GH FDUUHJDU GLUHWDPHQWH XP
FDPLQKmR
(RVQHJURVVHDSUHVVDYDPPDLV2FDPLQKmRLDHPERUD
IXUWLYDPHQWH FRP FHUWR PLVWpULR ( HOHV FRQWLQXDYDP FRP RV
HQJUDGDGRVHRVPRQWDFDUJDVOHYDQGRDVFDL[DVSDUDRDUPD]pP
0XLWREDUXOKR1mRGDYDSDUDIDODU6HHUDSUHFLVR GL]HU DOJXPD
FRLVDWLQKD GH VHU JULWDGD 5H\ ILFRX FRP YRQWDGH GH FDJDU
$JHQWRX
1mRVHSRGLDFDJDU)LFRXFRPPDLVYRQWDGHDLQGD$K
$SHUWRXEHP R HX H DJHQWRX 6HQWLX TXH LD FDJDU QDV FDOoDV
&ODURTXHQmRXVDYDFXHFD 1XQFD WLQKD XVDGR FXHFD ,D WHU GH
FDJDUQDVFDOoDV"1mR*ULWRXSDUDXPGRVFRPSDQKHLURV
DTXL"
³(LHVWRXFDJDQGR2QGHpTXHHXSRVVRLU FDJDU
³1mRQmRQmRQmRQmRQmR
³ 1mRQmRQmRQmRQmRQmR R TXr" (VWRX TXDVH
FDJDQGRSRUUD1mRHVFXWRX"2QGHpTXHVHFDJD"
³$WpWRFDUDFDPSDLQKD4XDQGRWRFDUDFDPSDLQKD
YRFrSRGHLU
³ 9DL SUD SXWD TXH SDULX TXH SRUUD p HVVD" (X YRX
FDJDUQDVFDOoDVPHUGD
FKmR
5H\LDVDOWDUGRHVWUDGRGDHVWLYDDXQVGRLVPHWURVGR
2 QHJUR R DJDUURX EUXWDOPHQWH SHOR SHVFRoR H OKH GHX
XPVRFRGXUR
³-iGLVVHTXHQmRSRGHLU&DJXHQDFDOoD
5H\ DSHUWRX R HX ( IRL LJXDOPHQWH EUXWDO 'HX XP
SHVFRomRQRQHJURPDVRVXMHLWRHUDGHIHUUR1mRVHQWLXQDGDH
SHJRXXPD JDUUDID 8P RXWUR QHJUR WHQWRX VHJXUiOR PDV R
VXMHLWRVHVROWRXHWHQWRXOKHGDUXPDJDUUDIDGDQDFDEHoD5H\VH
HVTXLYRX 2 QHJUR SHUGHX R HTXLOtEULR 5H\ R HPSXUURX FRP
IRUoD
2VXMHLWRFDLXSDUDWUiVGHEXQGDQDEHLUDGDGRWDEODGRH
GHVSHQFRXSDUDRFKmR'RLVPHWURV&DLXGHFRVWDV%DWHXGXUR
3DUHFLD WHU TXHEUDGR DOJXPD FRLVD 7HQWRX OHYDQWDUVH
1mRFRQVHJXLX*HPLD$OLQKDGHSURGXomRFRQWLQXDYDVROWDQGR
JDUUDIDV H FDL[DV 2V RXWURV QmR SRGLDP SDUDU SDUD DMXGDU R
VXMHLWRQR FKmR 5H\ SRU SRXFR QmR FDJDYD QDV FDOoDV 6DLX
FRUUHQGRSDUDXPFDQWRDWUiVGHXPDVFDL[DVGHFHUYHMDHFDJRX
&DJRXPXLWR H EHP 8ID $FKRX TXH WLQKD WHUPLQDGR 1mR
&DJRX PDLVXP SRXFR 3URQWR DKKK 1mR WLQKD FRP TXH VH
OLPSDU&RPDPmR/LPSRXVHRPHOKRUSRVVtYHOFRPRVGHGRV
TXH OLPSRXSRU VXD YH] QR FKmR 9HVWLX DV FDOoDV H VDLX -i
HVWDYDPDMXGDQGRRVXMHLWRFDtGR7LQKDTXHEUDGRDOJXPDFRLVDH
VHQWLD PXLWDGRU 1mR FRQVHJXLD OHYDQWDU VR]LQKR )RL OHYDGR
HPERUDPDQFDQGR2QHJUROKHJULWRXDOJXPDFRLVDPDVHOHQmR
RXYLX(WDPEpPQmRSUHVWRXDWHQomR9ROWRXDVHXSRVWR1mR
ROKRXSDUDQLQJXpP(FRQWLQXRXWUDEDOKDQGR
'HWDUGHRYHOKRJRUGRFKDPRXRGHODGR1mRIDORX
QDGDGRLQFLGHQWH'HXOKHFLQTHQWDSHVRV
³3RUTXr"
³3
SHODVYLDJHQVGHKRMH
³4XHYLDJHQV"
³9RFrQmRDMXGRXDFDUUHJDUTXDWURFDPLQK}HV"
³)RL
³ ,VVR p SDUD D JHQWH &DGD YH] TXH HQWUD XP
FDPLQKmRWHPGHFDUUHJDUGHSUHVVDSDUDHOHLUHPERUD
³8KPP
³ 6H DSDUHFHU DOJXP LQVSHWRU GD HPSUHVD YRFr QmR
VDEHGHQDGDQHPYLXQHQKXPFDPLQKmRDTXL
FDUJDV
³ $ JHQWH Vy FDUUHJD RV HQJUDGDGRV H RV PRQWD
³,VVRPHVPR
³8KPP
&LQTHQWD SHVRV SRU GLD HUD RXWUD FRLVD 7RGR GLD
YLQKDPWUrVRXTXDWURFDPLQK}HV2FDUDGRVRFRQmRDSDUHFHX
PDLV
2V RXWURV DPDFLDUDP XP SRXFR 0DJGD WDPEpP ILFRX
PDLVWUDQTLOD TXDQGR YLX TXH 5H\ YROWDYD WRGR GLD FRP
FLQTHQWDSHVLWRV 1mR UHFODPDYD PDLV H DWp ODYRX D URXSD GHOH
XPDYH]RXRXWUDHFR]LQKDYDDOJXPDFRLVDGHYH]HP TXDQGR
%DWDWDGRFH FR]LGD H XP DEDFDWH 2X DUUR] EUDQFR H XPD
PDQGLRFDHVFDOGDGD
DWpHOH
8PDWDUGHTXDQGRWHUPLQDUDPXPGRVQHJURVFKHJRX
³(VFXWH PXODWR YRFr VHPSUH YDL HPERUD TXDQGR
WRFD DFDPSDLQKD $TXL QmR p DVVLP 7HP GH SDUWLFLSDU FRP RV
DPLJRV
8KP
³(9HQKDFRPDJHQWH
³$RQGH"
³7HPXPDFHUYHMLQKDJHODGDOiHPEDL[RFDUD
)RUDPDRSRUmR(VFRQGLGRDWUiVGRVPRWRUHVKDYLD
XPJUDQGH WDQTXH FRP SHGDoRV GH JHOR H PXLWDV JDUUDIDV GH
FHUYHMDJHODGD2VFLQFRQHJURVHVWLYDGRUHVSDUHFLDPER[HDGRUHV
GHSHVR SHVDGR 7UrV WLQKDP R QDUL] TXHEUDGR 2XWUR WLQKD
XPDJUDQGH QDYDOKDGD GR URVWR DWp R SHVFRoR 7RGRV FRP
PXLWDVWDWXDJHQV 1mR SUHFLVDYDP IDODU %DVWDYDP ROKDUHV H
VLOrQFLR$FDGDGH]PLQXWRVRVHQRUPHVHDQWLJRVFRPSUHVVRUHV
OLJDYDPHR]XPELGRQmRSHUPLWLDQHPIDODUQHPRXYLUP~VLFD(
GH QRYRVH SXQKDP D ]XPELU H D GLVSDUDU IULR SHOD WXEXODomR
DFLPD
7LQKDP Mi EHELGR XPDV WDQWDV JDUUDIDV $ IiEULFD IRUD
FRQVWUXtGDHP(WXGRHUDGDTXHODpSRFD
R HGLItFLR RV FRPSUHVVRUHV D WHFQRORJLD R FKHLUR GH
XPLGDGHPRIRHXULQDDVEDUDWDV
(QWmR DSDUHFHUDP WUrV PXODWDV 9LQKDP GLUHWDPHQWH GD
OLQKDGHSURGXomRSDUDRSRUmR7LUDUDPDVURXFDVHDVPiVFDUDV
GHSDQR YHUGH VRUULUDP FXPSULPHQWDUDP H EHEHUDP FHUYHMD
'XDVHUDPXPSRXFRHQUXJDGDVHWLQKDPGHQWHVFDULDGRV0DVD
PDLVMRYHPQmRHUDIHLD8PDEXQGDGXUDVHLRVSHTXHQRVPDJUD
HFRP R URVWR DFHLWiYHO 7XGR EHP %HEHUDP PDLV FHUYHMD H
FRPHoDUDP D GDQoDU 'DQoDU FDVLQR FODUR 'R PHOKRU GR
SHUIHLWR
8PDV YH]HV FRP P~VLFD GR UiGLR RXWUDV FRP RV
FRPSUHVVRUHV
(VWDYDDQRLWHFHQGR2VFRPSUHVVRUHVIXQFLRQDYDPHQmR
VHRXYLD D P~VLFD PDV DV PXODWDV H RV QHJURV FRQWLQXDYDP
GDQoDQGR 3RU LQpUFLD 'DQoDYDP FRP R URQFR GRV YHOKRV
FRPSUHVVRUHV H VH GLYHUWLDP QDTXHOH SRUmR ~PLGR IHGHQGR D
PRIR HEDUDWDV FKHLR GH FRPSUHVVRUHV H HQFDQDPHQWRV TXDVH
VHP OX]PDV D FHUYHMD HUD LQWHUPLQiYHO %HP JHODGD $K VLP
FRPR DYLGD HUD ERD $OJXpP HQURORX GRLV EDVHDGRV TXH
FLUFXODUDP
8KPPPXLWRERP(UYDVDERURVDGH%DUDFRD0DLVGRLV
EDVHDGRV ( FLUFXODUDP ( PDLV FHUYHMD $ HUYD H D FHUYHMD
VXELUDP jFDEHoD GDV PXODWDV &RPHoDUDP D WLUDU D URXSD
6XDYHPHQWH
3URYRFDQWHPHQWH 6HP SUHVVD $V WUrV )LFDUDP GH
FDOFLQKD 5H\ILFRX DEVRUWR ROKDQGR D PDLV MRYHP $V RXWUDV
GXDV Mi KDYLDPSDULGR H HVWDYDP FRP RV SHLWRV H D EDUULJD XP
SRXFRIOiFLGRV
IHLWDV
$VEXQGDVVLPHUDPLQHVTXHFtYHLV'XUDVHPXLWREHP
$KK 7HYH XPD HUHomR IRUPLGiYHO 4XDQGR ROKRX GH
ODGR RVFLQFR QHJURV EDWLDP SXQKHWD VXDYHPHQWH VHP SUHVVD
7RGRVErEDGRV 'HOLFLRVR $TXHOD JHQWH HUD IRUD GH VpULH (OH
WDPEpPWLURX SDUD IRUD R PDWHULDO $V PXODWDV FRQWLQXDUDP
GDQoDQGRVHQVXDOPHQWH DGPLUDQGR DV HVSOrQGLGDV SLURFDV
HVFXUDV 6HDSUR[LPDYDP DFDULFLDYDP XPD RX RXWUD 7LUDUDP DV
FDOFLQKDV
)LFDUDP WRWDOPHQWH QXDV 2V QHJURV ILFDUDP ORXFRV H
TXHULDPPHWHUDRPHVPRWHPSRRVFLQFRSDXVQDVWUrVERFHWDV
0DVHYLGHQWHPHQWHHUDLPSRVVtYHO(ODVUHVROYHUDPH[SHULPHQWDU
7DOYH] IRVVH SRVVtYHO 5H\ ILFRX VH PDVWXUEDQGR VXDYHPHQWH
VHPSUHVVDREVHUYDQGR8PDGDVPXODWDVWRPRXDLQLFLDWLYD
³1mRTXHURYHUGHQWURQmRGHQWURQmR6ROWDQD
PLQKDEDUULJXLQKDYDL$TXLQRVSHLWRV
1mR FRQVHJXLUDP DJHQWDU PDLV (UD GHPDLV 8P
VROWRXVHX VrPHQ WRGR QD EDUULJD H QR SHLWR GDTXHOD TXH WLQKD
SHGLGR
2V RXWURV GRLV QmR FRQVHJXLUDP DJHQWDU PDLV H DKK
PXLWDSRUUD&LQFRYDUDVJR]DQGRDRPHVPRWHPSRHPFLPDGH
WUrVYHQWUHV 5H\ VH FRQWHYH PDLV 2V RXWURV DFDEDUDP H HQWmR
5H\VH OHYDQWRX EDWHQGR GHSUHVVD 2V FRPSUHVVRUHV FKLDYDP
H]XQLDP 1mR VH HVFXWDYD QDGD 5H\ IH] VLQDO SDUD ILFDUHP
XPDDR ODGR GD RXWUD (VWDYD FRP RV ROKRV DSHUWDGRV HODV
WDPEpP
$ RUJLD GD SRUUD $V WUrV HVIUHJDYDP D SRUUD TXH OKHV
HVFRUULDSHOD EDUULJD (QWmR 5H\ GLVSDURX VHX MRUUR 8P SRXFR
SDUDFDGDXPD&RPRXPDPHWUDOKDGRUD)RUWH3RWHQWH$KTXH
ERP
7RGRV UHVSLUDUDP IXQGR *XDUGDUDP DV YDUDV $V
PXODWDVVHYHVWLUDPPXLWRDOHJUHVWRGRVULQGR(FRQWLQXDUDP
EHEHQGR$FHUYHMDHVWDYDJHODGD(JRVWRVD0XLWRJRVWRVD
)RL XPD JUDQGH EHEHGHLUD $V PXODWDV H GRLV VXMHLWRV
IRUDPHPERUD 5H\ H RV RXWURV WUrV ILFDUDP $Wp R ILP
3URFXUDUDP QRIXQGR GR WDQTXH 5HVWDYDP DLQGD XPDV WDQWDV
JDUUDIDV &RQWLQXDUDP EHEHQGR 4XDQGR QmR DJHQWDUDP PDLV
VH DWLUDUDPSRU DOL SDUD GRUPLU 'H PDQKm XP GHOHV FRQVHJXLX
DFRUGDUDFRUGRX RV RXWURV VXELUDP D HVFDGD H IRUDP WUDEDOKDU
&KHJDUDPFRP PHLD KRUD GH DWUDVR $ OLQKD GH SURGXomR
SDUDOLVDGD
(VSHUDQGR RV HVWLYDGRUHV 'RLV QmR FRQVHJXLDP ID]HU R
WUDEDOKR GH VHLV 2 GLUHWRU GD IiEULFD IXULRVR GDYD RUGHQV
FRUWDQWHVDR YHOKR JRUGR &RPHoDUDP R WUDEDOKR FRP XPD
JUDQGH UHVVDFD D PHLR YDSRU &KHJRX XP FDPLQKmR PDV QmR
FRQVHJXLUDPFDUUHJiOR 2 YHOKR JRUGR DVVXVWDGR SHGLX TXH
IRVVH HPERUDYD]LR R TXDQWR DQWHV 2 GLUHWRU FRQWLQXDYD
DQGDQGRSDUDOiHSDUDFi H GDQGR RUGHQV 3HUJXQWRX R TXH HUD
DTXHOHFDPLQKmR
5HVSRQGHUDP TXDOTXHU FRLVDH HOH DFUHGLWRX 7XGR EHP
$ OLQKDGH SURGXomR FRPHoRX D DQGDU PDLV GHSUHVVD 7XGR
PHOKRU2GLUHWRUIRLHPERUD$RPHLRGLDGXUDQWHRDOPRoRGH
DUUR] FRPIHLMmR R YHOKR JRUGR VH DSUR[LPRX GHOHV (VWDYDP
DUUHEHQWDGRVGHUHVVDFDHFRPGRUGHFDEHoD
³5H\RTXHDFRQWHFHXHVVDQRLWHQRSRUmR"
1DGD
³&RPRQDGD"
1DGD
³ 5H\ HX VHL R TXH DFRQWHFHX 2 GLUHWRU PH SHGLX
SDUDPDQGDUWRGRPXQGRHPERUDKRMHPHVPR5H\XVHDFDEHoD
(X QmR TXHUR PDQGDU QLQJXpP HPERUD PDV YRFrV QmR
SRGHPDSDUHFHUjVRLWRHPHLDErEDGRV
³%rEDGRVQmR
³%rEDGRVVLP
³1mRSRVVRWUDEDOKDUFRPJHQWHTXHPHGiSUHMXt]R
1mRYRXPDQGDUYRFrVHPERUDPDVLVVRQmRSRGHDFRQWHFHUGH
QRYR
2TXHL"
³2TXHL
³%HEDPTXDQWDFHUYHMDTXLVHUHP$TXLWRGRPXQGR
EHEHPXLWR 2 GLD LQWHLUR EHEHQGR 0DV XP KRPHP WHP GH
VDEHUEHEHU1DGDGHDQGDUGHTXDWUR2TXHL"
³2TXHL
'XUDQWH D WDUGH 5H\ WUDEDOKRX D PHLD ERFD 2V
QHJURVER[HDGRUHVWLQKDPVHUHFXSHUDGRHMRJDYDPDVFDL[DVGH
JDUUDID FRPR VH IRVVHP ERORWDV GH SDSHO 5H\ SDUHFLD XP UDWR
HQYHQHQDGR3RUILPVRRXDFDPSDLQKDjVFLQFRGDWDUGH5H\
VDLXFRPRWURSHOGRVRSHUiULRVSHODSRUWDSULQFLSDO2VKRPHQV
GLVFXWLDPEHLVHERO
´2UQDU /LQDUHV WLQKD GH HVWDU Oi 1mQmQmR VHPSUH RV
PHVPRVePDVHVVHUHVROYHµ5H\QXQFDWLQKDYLVWRXPDSDUWLGD
GH EHLVHERO 8PD QRLWH GHVVDV HUD FDSD] GH LU DWp R HVWiGLR
/DWLQRQDPHULFDQR 1mR VHULD Pi LGpLD 9HU VH HQWHQGLD DOJXPD
FRLVD1RIXQGRQmROKHLQWHUHVVDYDPDVTXHPVDEH"%RPXID
DJRUDVyTXHULDGRUPLUXPSRXFR$OJXpPSHJRXVXDPmR
$PXODWDERQLWDFDPLQKDYDDVHXODGRVRUULGHQWH
SRUmR"
³2TXHYRFrYDLID]HUDJRUD"+RMHQmRWHPIHVWDQR
+DKDKD
QRLWH
³ (X YRX GRUPLU (VWRX PRUWR GHSRLV GH RQWHP j
³$KQmRGLJDLVVRYRFrQmRpIURX[RDVVLPQmR
³9RFrIRLHPERUDPDVDJHQWHFRQWLQXRXDWpRILP
³4XDQWDVFHUYHMDVYRFrWRPRX"
³7UH]HQWDV
³0DLVRIXPR
8KP
³&RPRYRFrVHFKDPD"
³5H\.YRFr"
³<XQLVOHLGL
³%RP<XQLYHMRYRFrDPDQKm
³1mRQDGDGHDPDQKm9HQKDFRPLJRYDLYHUFRUQR
HXDFDERFRPVHXFDQVDoR
³0DPLWDYRFrpXPDJUDFLQKDPDV
³ ( YRFr p XP WUHPHQGR GH XP ORXFR 6DEH DRQGH
YRXOHYDUYRFr"
1mR
³(QWmR3RUTXHQmRTXHU"9DPRV
6XELUDP QR FDPHOR HP /D 3RODU $RV HPSXUU}HV
FRQVHJXLUDP VXELU 'HVFHUDP QR SDUTXH GH /D )UDWHUQLGDG
'XUDQWHWRGR R WUDMHWR <XQLVOHLGL IRL DEUDoDQGR EHLMDQGR H
HVTXHQWDQGR 5H\ $KE 4XH PDUDYLOKD FDUD 'R TXH HVWi
UHFODPDQGR5H\QDOGLWR"&RPXPDPXODWDGHOX[RHUHFODPDQGR"
<XQLVOHLGLKDYLDDOXJDGRXPTXDUWRQXPWHUFHLURDQGDU
GDPD 0RQWH 3HTXHQR PDV IUHVFR FRP XPD YDUDQGD SDUD D
UXDH XP SHTXHQR EDQKHLUR 8PD WRUQHLUD GH iJXD XP
IRJmR]LQKRGH TXHURVHQH 7XGR PXLWR OLPSR 5H\ SHUFHEHX TXH
HODQmRHUDKDKDQHUD)DODYDFRPXPVRWDTXHVLPSiWLFR
³'HRQGHYRFrp"
³'H/mV7XQDV
$K
³$OXJXHLDTXLFRPPHXLUPmRPDVHOHHVWiQDGHOHH
QmRPHDMXGDQDGD­VYH]HVSDVVDGRLVWUrVGLDVVHPDSDUHFHU
9RFrpKDEDQHUR"
³8KPP
³+DEDQHURKDEDQHUR"
³8KPXKP
³ ( WHP FDUWHLUD GH LGHQWLGDGH FRP HQGHUHoR GH
+DYDQD"
³9RFrpGDSROtFLDp"
HX
³7LWLVHYRFrIRVVHGHIRUDHXQmRDJHQWDYD-iEDVWD
³(XVRXKDEDQHUR/HJtWLPR
³ $L DLQGD EHP SRUTXH HP +DYDQD QLQJXpP p GH
+DYDQD
³2TXHYRFrTXHU"
QRLWH
³ 7HQKR GH VDLU GHVVD IiEULFD 0H Gi XPD DMXGD QD
³1RTXr"
³&RPDSROtFLD-iPHFRQKHFHP(ID]VyXPPrV
TXHHXHVWRXDTXL6HHXSDURQR0DOHFyQQDIUHQWHGR5LYLHUD
HPTXDOTXHU OXJDU Mi GmR HP FLPD GH PLP HQFKHQGR VH HX
VRXSXWD VH LVWR VH DTXLOR -i WHQKR WUrV DGYHUWrQFLDV H HVWmR
SDUDPHPDQGDUGHYROWDSDUD/mV7XQDV
³ 0HQLQD YRFr IDOD GH XP MHLWR SRRRUUD 2 TXH
YRFrTXHU"
<XQLVOHLGLRDEUDoRXEHLMRXWLURXDURXSDGHOHMRJRX
R QDFDPD DGPLURX DV OLQGDV SHUORQDV QD FDEHoD GR VHX SDX
FKXSRX SRU WRGR ODGR ILFRX ORXFD FRP DTXHODV SHUORQDV
SURGLJLRVDV (OD PHVPD HQILDYD H WLUDYD GH WRGRV RV EXUDFRV
SRVVtYHLV
*HQLDO 6LPSOHVPHQWH JHQLDO 6H HQWUHJDYD FRP DOPD
FRUDomRHYLGDIHLWRXPDYDTXHLUDHJULWDYD
³$LYRXILFDUDSDL[RQDGDSRUYRFrEDQGLGR7UHSD
FRPLJR WRGR GLD 9RFr p XP ORXFR 8P ORXFR $LLL HVVDV
SHUORQDVPH GHL[DP PDOXFD HVWi DFDEDQGR FRPLJR PHWH PDLV
PDLVPDLV DWp R IXQGR WLWL 8PD JUDQGH ORXFXUD <XQLVOHLGL
HUDDOHJUHFRPXQLFDWLYDDPRURVDWLQKDXPILOKRGHWUrVDQRVHP
/mV 7XQDV 4XHP FXLGDYD GHOH HUDP RV DYyV (OD PDQGDYD
GLQKHLUR 0DV TXH QDGDVH QmR FRQWDVVH SDUHFLD YLUJHP )DORX
GRLUPmR
³9LHPRVRVGRLV SDUD +DYDQD SRUTXH OiD JHQWH
HVWDYDPRUUHQGRGHIRPH9LHPRV EDWDOKDU DTXL (OH p SXWR (
XPPDOXFR 1mR VHL FRPR WHP FRUDJHP 5H\ RXWUD QRLWH PHX
LUPmRWURX[H XPD ELFKD YHOKD QmR VHL GH RQGH SRUTXH HX QmR
HQWHQGLDQDGDGRTXHHOHGL]LD0DVPHXLUPmRVLPHOHHQWHQGLD
'LVVHTXHWRSRXFRPHOHQR1DFLRQDO2YHOKRGHFDEHOR
EUDQFR )LFRX WUHSDQGR FRP HOH PDLV GH GXDV KRUDV 1mR VHL
FRPRSRGHDUJKTXHHVW{PDJR
³1mRVHIDoDGHVDQWD9RFrWDPEpPWUHSDEHP
ROKRV
³1mRpDPHVPDFRLVD(XDEURDVSHUQDVHIHFKRRV
0DV R KRPHP WHP TXH D YHUGDGH p TXH DTXHOH YHOKR
GHXFHPGyODUHVSDUDHOH
³&HP"
³ 4XHULD SDJDU FLQTHQWD PDV PHX LUPmR DUUDQFRX
PDLVFLQTHQWD 6H R YHOKR QmR VROWDVVH D QRWD &DUORV GHVFLD R
EUDoRQHOH7RGRVRVPHXVLUPmRVVmRLJXDLV%UXWRVVHOYDJHQV
³4XDQWRVVmR"
³ 1RYH (X VRX D ~QLFD PXOKHU ( &DUORV p R PDLV
FLYLOL]DGR3HORPHQRVIRLjHVFRODHERPVDEHIDODUHWXGR
P~VLFD
³ <XQL QmR IDOH WDQWR TXH PH GHL[D WRQWR 3RQKD
<XQLVOHLGL OLJRX R UiGLR 6DOVD 0XLWD VDOVD H VH YHVWLX
XPSRXFR
XP VKRUWLQKR H XP EXVWLr PtQLPRV PtQLPRV 'DYD
SDUDYHUXPSHGDFLQKR GRVELFRV GRV SHLWRV H XPD TXDUWD SDUWH
GDVQiGHJDV (UD XP FUkQLR DTXHOD PXODWD 'HVFHX SDUD EXVFDU
UXPHFLJDUURV7URX[HXPSXURSDUD5H\
³ *RVWR GH KRPHP TXH IXPD FKDUXWR 'rOKH
FKDUXWRHGrOKHUXP*RVWRGHYHUYRFrEHPPDFKRHGHHXVHU
DVXDIrPHDHTXHYRFrWUHSHFRPLJRGH]YH]HVSRUGLD(VHUVXD
SXWD9RXWUDEDOKDUSUDYRFrSDSL9RXERWDUYRFrYLYHQGRIHLWR
XPUHL
³6DEHFRPRPHFKDPDP"
³&RPR"
³25HLGH+DYDQD
³ 7LQKD GH VHU 0DV YRFr YDL VHU PHX UHL 0HX UHL
SDUWLFXODU7HPXPDSLFDGHRXUR(HXYRXYLYHUSUDYRFrSDSL
(VWRXDSDL[RQDGD SRU YRFr IHLWR XPD FDGHOD 9RFr p XPD
ORXFXUD
³ &KHJD <XQL FKHJD 1mR VHMD HQMRDGD 'HL[D HX
RXYLUDP~VLFD
³4XHUTXHHXIDoDXPDFRPLGD"7HPSmRHRYR(
YRXODYDUHVVDURXSDVXD4XHURYRFrVHPSUHOLPSRHSHUIXPDGR
$EUDoRXRGHQRYRGHXOKHEHLMRV
³(µTXDQGRDJHQWHMXQWDUXQVSHVRVFRPSURSUD
YRFrXPD FRUUHQWH GH RXUR XP DQHO H XP UHOyJLR H EDVWDQWH
URXSD
9RFrYDLVHURPHXUHLPHQLQRYRFrYDLYHU
³<XQLMiFKHJDQmRIDOHPDLVQDGDSRUUD4XHPHORVD
³ ( LVVR p UXLP" ( UXLP VHU PHORVLQKD FRP PHX
PDULGLQKROLQGR"
³8KPPPP
<XQLVOHLGL IH] RYRV IULWRV /DYRX D URXSD GH 5H\
/LPSRX RTXDUWR HVPHUDGDPHQWH 3DVVRX XP SRXFR GH URXSD
7RPRX EDQKR (VPDOWRX DV XQKDV (UD XP UHGHPRLQKR
LQFDQViYHO H HVWDYD HQFDQWDGD GH WHU XP PDFKR SDUD EULQFDU GH
FDVLQKD&DQWDURODYDDOHJUHVRUULGHQWHDRVRPGDVDOVDGRUiGLR
$KGiSDUDVHUIHOL]FRPWmRSRXFRRFpUHEURHPEDL[DSRXFDV
UHYROXo}HVSRU PLQXWR $ ERD YLGD <XQLVOHLGL URGHDQGR 5H\
FRPRXPDPDULSRVDQRWXUQDIDVFLQDGDSHODOX]
³2EDQKRMiHVWiSURQWR7RPHEDQKR3RQKDXPD
URXSDGR&DUORVHYDPRV
³3UDRQGH"
³3Uy0DOHFyQSDUDRVKRWpLVSRUDt9DPRVQmRGi
SDUDILFDUWUDQFDGRDTXL7HPTXHLUSUDUXDEDWDOKDURVGyODUHV
9iWRPHEDQKR
³(HXWHQKRGHWRPDUEDQKR"
³ &ODUR FKLQR HVWi VXDGLQKR GR WUDEDOKR GD
WUHSDGD
DL SDSL DFKR TXH DV SHVVRDV QmR WRPDP PXLWR EDQKR
HP+DYDQDHP/mV7XQDV
³1mRWHPiJXDHP+DYDQD
³&RPRpTXHWHPiJXDDTXL"
³ 6RUWH VXD (X QXQFD PRUHL HP OXJDU QHQKXP TXH
WLYHVVHiJXD
³%RPWRPHEDQKR(XHP/mV7XQDVWRPDYDGRLV
WUrVEDQKRVSRUGLD
³6HLVHLSRUUDFKHJDGLVVR9RXWRPDUEDQKR
5H\ HQWURX QR EDQKHLULQKR GLPLQXWR <QQL OKH GHX
XPDWRDOKD URXSD OLPSD 1HVVH PRPHQWR EDWHUDP QD SRUWD
(UD&DUORVXPH[HPSODUSHUIHLWRGRPDFKRGR/HVWH
DOWR PXVFXORVR IRUWH GH YR] JURVVD SrORV QR SHLWR
FDEHORSUHWRFUHVSRTXHL[RTXDGUDGRPmRVLPHQVDVXPDJURVVD
FRUUHQWH GH RXURFRP PHGDOKmR GH VDQWD %iUEDUD (VWDYD
DFRPSDQKDGR 8PPDULQKHLUR MRYHP EUDQFR PXLWR PDJUR
WULSXODQWH GH XPEXTXHHVFROD DQFRUDGR QR SRUWR )DODYD XP
SRXTXLQKR GH HVSDQKRO H VHXV ROKRV EULOKDUDP TXDQGR YLX
<XQLVOHLGLWmRYDSRURVDTXDVHVHPURXSD(VWDYDPPHLRErEDGRV
HVHVHUYLUDPGHPDLVUXP&DUORVQHPROKRXSDUD5H\,JQRURX
R 5H\ QmR DEULX DERFD 0DQWHYHVH j SDUWH 2 PDULQKHLUR
&DUORV H <XQL EHEHUDP VRUULQGR FRQYHUVDQGR SRU JHVWRV QD
YDUDQGD0LQXWRVGHSRLV&DUORVSHUJXQWRXDRPDULQKHLUR
³*RVWRX"
6LP
³7UHSDFRPHOD&DPD$tYRFrVGRLV
³+RZPXFK"&XiQWR"
³'HSRLVDJHQWHDFHUWD7HPGLQKHLUR"
$KQ"
³'LQKHLURJUDQDGROODUVGROODUVWHP"
³2K\HV2KVL
UHVWR
³9i<XQL(VHX'HL[HHOHPDOXFRTXHHXFXLGRGR
(HVVHFDUD"
PDULGR
Dt
RVGRLV
³ $DL &DUORV QmR PH[D FRP R 5H\ TXH HOH p PHX
³9RFrWRGRGLDDUUXPDPDULGRQRYRYiPDQGDYHU
³'HVoDPGHVoDPXPSRXTXLQKR'HSRLVHXFKDPR
<XQL Mi HVWDYD WLUDQGRD URXSD GR PDULQKHLUR ( GDYD
LQVWUXo}HVDRVGRLVKRPHQV
³ &RP HVWH SDWR DTXL QmR GHPRUR QHP TXLQ]H
PLQXWRV
'HVoDPFWRPHPXPUXP
³<XQLYRFrpPHLRWUDPELTXHLUD1mRTXHURGHVFHU
REUDoRHPYRFr0HFKDPHSUDHXFREUDU&HUWR"
³&HUWR&DUORVFHUWR9iGHVoDP
5H\ H &DUORV GHVFHUDP 5HVROYHUDP FRPSUDU RXWUD
JDUUDIDGH UXP H VHQWDU QD FDOoDGD SDUD EHEHU WUDQTLODPHQWH
GHEDL[RGD YDUDQGD 'HSRLV GH EHEHU XQV WUDJRV Mi HVWDYDP
DPLJRV&DUORVWRPRXDLQLFLDWLYD
³1mRGrPXLWDERODSDUDD<XQL'HVGHPHQLQDHOD
pDVVLP )LFD DSDL[RQDGD H VH DSDL[RQD WRGR GLD 4XDQGR
WLQKDRLWRDQRVILFRXDSDL[RQDGDSRUXPYL]LQKRGDJHQWHOiQR
LQWHULRU 8P KRPHP GH TXDVH FLQTHQWD DQRV )RL XP LQIHUQR
SRUTXH R VXMHLWR TXHULD TXH PHXV SDLV GHVVHP HOD SDUD HOH
DFDEDUGHFULDUHGHSRLVFDVDU
³3RUUDFRPRLWRDQRV"
URXSD
³ <XQL VHPSUH IRL PDLV TXHQWH TXH IHUUR GH SDVVDU
%RP PHX SDL QmR TXHULD PDV HOD IRL DVVLP PHVPR H
YLYHXFRPRFDUDGRLVDQRV3DURXGHLUjHVFROD2WHPSRWRGR
HQILDGDQDFDVDGRYL]LQKR
³0DV
³1mRDTXLHP+DYDQDQmRWHPGLVVRPDVQR/HVWH
pRXWUD FRLVD /i p QRUPDO 0LQKD PmH FRPHoRX FRP R PHX
SDLTXDQGR WLQKD GH] DQRV (OD FRP GH] HOH FRP WULQWD (
WLYHUDPQRYHILOKRV(HVWmROiRVGRLVLQWHLURVHEHEHQGRUXPH
SX[DQGRIXPRKDKDKD9RFrQXQFDIRLSDUDR/HVWH"
³1mR
$K
(P PHQRV GH PHLD KRUD EHEHUDP D JDUUDID LQWHLUD
3LOHTXLQKRERP&DUORVVXVSLURX
³ Ñ KDEDQHUR YDPRV VXELU SRUTXH <XQL HVWi
GHPRUDQGRGHPDLV(UDSDUDVHUXPDWUHSDGDPDLVQDGD9DPRV
YHURTXHRVGRLVHVWmRID]HQGR
6XELUDP FDPEDOHDQGR XP SRXFR HVFDGD DFLPD
%DWHUDPQD SRUWD <XQL DEULX (VWDYDP QXV 2 PDULQKHLUR
ErEDGR HPFLPD GD FDPD <XQL VH FREULX FRP XP OHQoRO H
FRFKLFKRXSDUD&DUORV
³ $L HOH QmR ILFD GH SDX GXUR 1mR FRQVHJXLPRV
ID]HUQDGD
³3RLVTXHSDJXHHYiHPERUD(XYRXDFDEDUFRPD
EHEHGHLUDGHOH
)RL IDODU H ID]HU &DUORV HUD XP VXMHLWR LPSHWXRVR H
VHPSUHEUXWDO1mRVDELDDJLUGHRXWUR MHLWR 6DtDOKH IRJR SHORV
ROKRV
)RLDWpDFDPDSHJRXRUDSD]SHORVRPEURVHVDFXGLX
³2YRFrHVWiPHGHYHQGRFLQTHQWDGyODUHV3DJXH
YLVWDDURXSDHYiHPERUD
³$KQQ"
³&LQTHQWDGyODUHV'yODUHV3DJXHHYiHPERUD
$KQ"
2MRYHPFRPRVROKRVVHPLDEHUWRVWHQWDYDHQWHQGHU
SRUTXHRVDFXGLDP3RUILPFRPSUHHQGHX
³<RQR1DGDGHVH[R<RQR
³3RLVSDJXH&LQTHQWD'yODUHV9iSRUUDQmRPH
IDoDSHUGHUDSDFLrQFLD3DJXH
³1DGDGHVH[5LHQGHVH[1RWKLQJQRWKLQJ
³&LQTHQWDFLQTHQWDGROODUV
³1RPRQH\ULHQGHVH[QLHQWHQLHQWH
7HQWRXVHOHYDQWDUSDUDSHJDUDURXSD&DUORVRDWLURX
QRFROFKmRFRPXPDGDTXHODVPmR]RQDVGHOH(IRLDWpDURXSD
GRPDULQKHLUR &DPEDOHDQGR XP SRXFR (VWDYD ErEDGR $FKRX
DFDUWHLUD
VHWH GyODUHV H XQV WURFDGRV GRLV SUHVHUYDWLYRV
-RJRXWXGRQRFKmR
³$KHVVHFDUDHVWDYDPHJR]DQGR(VWiIRGLGR
3DUWLXSDUDFLPDGRPDULQKHLURHOKHGHXXQVVRSDSRV
³ 2OKD DTXL GHVFDUDGR PH DUUXPD FLQTHQWD
GyODUHVVHQmR HX DUUHEHQWR D VXD FDUD 1mR DFKD TXH p PXLWR
IUDTXLQKRSUDPHJR]DUGHVVHMHLWR"
2 PDULQKHLUR UHDJLX H SHGLX FRP JHVWRV TXH HVSHUDVVH
XPSRXFR/HYDQWRXVHHQMRDGRGHVHTXLOLEUDGRIRLDWpDURXSD
HGR EROVR GD FDPLVD WLURX XP FDQLYHWH $EULX D OkPLQD H
SDUWLXSDUDFLPDGH&DUORV(UDF{PLFR
XP VXMHLWR PDJUHOR EUDQFRFRPR SDSHO IUDFRWH
FRPSOHWDPHQWH QX WHQWDQGR DWDFDU FRPXP FDQLYHWH DTXHOH
WURJORGLWD7XGRDFRQWHFHXHPVHJXQGRV
&DUORVOKHGHXXPSHVFRomRTXHMRJRXRVXMHLWRHPFLPD
GDFDPDHRIH]SHUGHUDOkPLQD&DUORVQmROKHGHXWHPSRSDUD
VHUHFXSHUDU &RP PXLWD I~ULD VH MRJRX HP FLPD GHOH HQURORX
RQR OHQoRO FDUUHJRXR FRPR VH IRVVH DOJRGmRGRFH H MRJRXR
GDVDFDGDSDUDDUXD
<XQLVOHLGLH5H\ILFDUDPERTXLDEHUWRV<XQLIDORX
³$DL&DUORVRTXHYRFrIH]"
³1LQJXpPJR]DGHPLP(XPERVWD
³&DUORVYRFrPDWRXRFDUD
³9RFrDFKD"
³&RPRDFKR"&DUORVYRFrPDWRXRFDUD9DLWHUGH
LUHPERUDGDTXLHMi
<XQLVOHLGL VH YHVWLX QXP PLQXWR SHJRX D EROVD H
GLULJLXDRSHUDomR
VDtUDPSDUDRFRUUHGRU1RIXQGRKDYLDXPDMDQHOD
3XODUDP GDOL SDUD D FREHUWXUD GR HGLItFLR YL]LQKR
&RUUHUDP 3XODUDP XPD YDUDQGD H FDtUDP HP RXWUD FREHUWXUD
FKHLDGHHVFRPEURVGHXPHGLItFLRPXLWRGHVWUXtGR+DYLDXPD
HVFDGD GHVLPSHGLGD 'HVFHUDP SRU DOL DWp D UXD 6DtUDP D YLQWH
PHWURVGRPDULQKHLURGHVSHQFDGRQDODUJDFDOoDGDGDUXD0RQWH
0XLWDJHQWH HP YROWD 1mR FRQVHJXLUDP YrOR 2V FXULRVRV VH
DSUR[LPDYDP jV GH]HQDV (OHV FRQWLQXDUDP DQGDQGR GHSUHVVD
SDUDDHVWDomRGHWUHP(VWDYDPPXLWRDVVXVWDGRVHD EHEHGHLUD
KDYLDSDVVDGR8PWUHPSDUWLDSDUD*XDQWiQDPRGHQWURGHGXDV
KRUDV
&DUORVQHPSHQVRX
³<XQLYDPRVYROWDUSDUDFDVD
³1mR5H\HHXYDPRVSDUD9DUDGHUR9iYRFrSDUD
FDVDHGrXPWHPSR1mR DSDUHoD HP +DYDQD SRU XP DQR SHOR
PHQRV
<QQLVOHLGLDEULXDEROVDHOKHGHXGLQKHLUR%HLMDUDPVH
QRURVWRFRPRERQVHGRFHVLUPmRV
³6HFXLGH&DUORVQmRIDoDPXLWDORXFXUD
³ 9RFr VH FXLGH WDPEpP +DKDQHUR FXLGH GHVVD
PHQLQD
8KLQ
<XQLVOHLGLH5H\ILFDUDPWRGDDPDGUXJDGDHVFRQGLGRV
QXPHGLItFLR HP UXtQDV SHUWR GD HVWDomR 'H PDQKm
SURFXUDUDPDOJXPMHLWRGHLU SDUD9DUDGHUR 1DGD 1D SUDLD Vy
GHL[DYDPHQWUDURVWi[LVHVWDWDLVPXLWRFDURV
³$OpPGLVVRQmRYmRGHL[DUYRFrVHQWUDUHP³OKHV
GLVVHXPWD[LVWD
³3RUTXr"
³ 7HQKR GH GHL[DU YRFrV QD SRQWH H GDOL QmR YmR
GHL[DUYRFrV SDVVDUHP Sy QmR p TXH YRFrV WHQKDP FDUD GH
EDQGLGRQHPQDGDPDVVDEHFRPRp
3RUILPFRQVHJXLUDPLUDWp0DWDQ]DV<XQLVOHLGLIDORX
FRPXP FDPLQKRQHLUR (OD IRL QD IUHQWH QD FDELQH 5H\ DWUiV
2FDPLQKmR HVWDYD WUDQVSRUWDQGR DUHLD 1D FDELQH DOJXPD
FRLVDDFRQWHFHXXPDVGXDVYH]HV2FDPLQKmRSDURXQDEHLUDGD
HVWUDGDHGDYDSDUDHVFXWDURPRWRULVWDUHVIROHJDQGR
´8KP PHOKRUQHP LU YHUµ HOH SHQVRX LQFRPRGDGR
SRUTXHWLQKDDUHLDDWpQRHX(P0DWDQ]DVRVXMHLWRRVOHYRXD
XP DPLJR GHOH PRWRULVWDGH XPD EHWRQHLUD (OH SHGLX GH]
GyODUHV<XQLRIHUHFHXFLQFR
(VWi EHP FLQFR (QILDUDPVH GHQWUR GD FDoDPED GD
EHWRQHLUD
VHFRV
&ODUR TXH Oi GHQWUR WLQKD UHVWRV GH FLPHQWR H GH DUHLD
1DGD F{PRGR 2 FDPLQKmR SDURX QD SRQWH OHYDGLoD
&RQWUROHLQVSHomR WXGR EHP $ QLQJXpP RFRUUHX ROKDU GHQWUR
GD FDoDPED 6HJXLUDP HP IUHQWH 2 VXMHLWR RV GHL[RX QD
4XDUHQWDH'RLV
&REURXRVFLQFRGyODUHVHWFKDXVHHQFRQWUHLYRFrVQHP
OHPEURPDLV
5H\ DFKRX ERQLWR R OXJDU 3HOR PHQRV WLQKD R PDU H
SRXFDJHQWH <XQLVOHLGL PXLWR GHFLGLGD IRL GLUHWR SDUD XPD GDV
FDVDVSUy[LPDV
³<XQLYRFrFRQKHFHLVWRDTXL"
³&ODUR5H\0DVDSROtFLDVHPSUHPHSHJD
³(VROWDP"
³7UrVYH]HVPHVROWDUDPFRPFDUWDGHDGYHUWrQFLDH
DTXHOD PHUGD WRGD (VWD p D TXDUWD 6H PH SHJDUHP PH MRJDP
QR[DGUH]
³(RTXHYRFrYDLID]HU"
³1mRIDoDWDQWDSHUJXQWD
)RUDP SDUD D FDVD GH XPD QHJUD JRUGD H IRUWH FRP
FDUDGHPDWURQDH[SHULHQWH
³ 0HX DPRU YRFr VDEH TXH DTXL Vy ILFDP DV
PHQLQLQKDV
1mRSRVVRDOXJDUQDGDSDUDXPKRPHP
³(RTXHpTXHHXYRXID]HU"(PHXPDULGR/DUJR
HOHQDUXD"
³ )LOKLQKD PDULGR ILFD HPFDVD FRP RV ILOKRV 3XWD
QmRSRGHDQGDUFRPPDULGRDWLUDFRORKDKDKD
1HQKXP GRV GRLV DFKRX JUDoD QD SLDGD )LQDOPHQWH
FRQFRUGDUDP TXH SRU XPD GLiULD GH WUrV GyODUHV HOD KRVSHGDYD
<XQLQXPFDWUHQXPTXDUWRJUDQGHMXQWRFRPRXWURVQRYHFDWUHV
HVXDV UHVSHFWLYDV PHQLQDV 5H\ ILFDULD HP RXWUR FDWUH
FRORFDGRQR FRUUHGRU QR IXQGR GD FDVD <XQL IH] DV FRQWDV
7LQKDRVXILFLHQWHSDUDSDJDUGH]GLDV0DVSDJDYDSRUGLDQDGD
GH DGLDQWDPHQWR 2TXHL 'HVFDQVDUDP XP SRXFR $V GH] GD
QRLWHVDtUDP'HUDPXPSDVVHLRGHUHFRQKHFLPHQWRSHODDYHQLGD
3ULPHUDSHUWR GRV KRWpLV <XQLVOHLGL WLQKD WRPDGR EDQKR $V
FROHJDV OKHHPSUHVWDUDP SHUIXPHV FRVPpWLFRV XPD EOXVD
WUDQVSDUHQWH
(VWDYDOLQGDHGHOLFLRVDFRPRXPDWRUWLQKDGHFKRFRODWH
5H\FRPRVHPSUHFRPVHXDVSHFWRGHIDOWDGHDVVHLRHRVROKRV
DEHUWRV H SDVPRV 1mR FRQVHJXLUDP QDGD ­ XPD GD PDQKm
H[WHQXDGRV IRUDP SDUD D SLVWD GR 0DU GHO 6XU +DYLD OXD FKHLD
HXPD ERD EULVD 8PDV SRXFDV QXYHQV HVFXUDV FRUULDP SDUD
RVXGHVWH $ QRLWH D]XO 2 PDU HVFXUR H SUDWHDGR WUDQTLOR H
LQILQLWR UHIOHWLQGR D /XD 7XGR FDOPR H VLOHQFLRVR FRP XP
FKHLURERP GH VDO H LRGR GH PDULVFR H DOJD )RUDP DWp D EHLUD
G
iJXD
2V HQRUPHV SROLHGURV GH TXHEUDPDU SDUHFLDP
EULQTXHGRVJLJDQWHVFRV(PFLPDGHXPGHOHVKDYLDXPDVGH]RX
GR]HJDLYRWDVEUDQFDVSRXVDGDV$SDUHQWHPHQWHGRUPLQGR1mR
VH PH[HUDP TXDQGR HOHV FKHJDUDP SHUWR $R ORQJH DV FKDPDV
DODUDQMDGDV GR JiV GRV FDPSRV GH SHWUyOHR GDYD XPD
LOXPLQDomRDGLFLRQDOHXPSRXFRVRQKDGRUD8PEXTXrDSHQDV
YLVtYHOVDtDOHQWDPHQWHGRSRUWRGH&iUGHQDV6HQWDUDPVHMXQWR
j iJXDVLOHQFLRVRV ROKDQGR DTXHOH SDQRUDPD HVWUDQKR H
EULOKDQWH 8PRX RXWUR FDUUR SDVVDYD YHOR] SHOD HVWUDGD H GH
QRYR R VLOrQFLR HR OHYH UXPRU GDV RQGDV QD SUDLD )LFDUDP XP
SRXFRVHPIDODU
5H\URPSHXRVLOrQFLR
³4XHSRUUDHVWRXID]HQGRDTXL"
PLP
³ 9RFr" 9RFr p PHX PDULGR H WHP TXH FXLGDU GH
³(XSUHFLVRpTXHDOJXpPFXLGHGHPLP
8P FDUGXPH GH VDUGLQKDV DSUR[LPRXVH GD SUDLD
6DOWDYDPSDUDDVXSHUItFLH3HTXHQRVILRVSUDWHDGRVUHYHUEHUDQGR
QDiJXD
0LOKDUHVGHFiSVXODVSUDWHDGDVVDOWDQGRTXDVHDRDOFDQFH
GDPmR EULOKDQGR 8PD QXYHP GHQVD H QHJUD FREULX D /XD
SRUXP LQVWDQWH )LFRX WXGR HVFXUR GH UHSHQWH H DV VDUGLQKDV
DVVXVWDGDV WDOYH] PHUJXOKDUDP H GHVDSDUHFHUDP $ QXYHP
SDVVRXHWXGRYROWRXDILFDUOLQGDPHQWHD]XOHUHIUHVFDQWH
KRMH"
³5H\SRUTXHQmRWRPRXEDQKRHPXGRXGHURXSD
³1mRWHQKRURXSDQmRJRVWR GH WRPDU EDQKR QHP
TXHSHJXHPQRPHXSp(XIDoRRTXHPHGiQDWHOKD
³1mRpSHJDUQRSpSDSLWR1HVWH QHJyFLR WHP GH
HVWDUOLPSRHDSUHVHQWiYHOFKLQLWR
7iWi
³7iWiQmR$SDUHFHXPDWXULVWDJRVWDGHYRFrH
SURQWR YRFr JDQKD R VHX SmR &LQTHQWD FHP GyODUHV ( VH
WLYHUVRUWHHODVHHQJUDoDFRPYRFrHOHYDSDUD R SDtV GHOD $t
VLPpTXHYRFrYDLJDQKDURSmRGHYHUGDGH
³3DUHGHVRQKDU(XQmRHVWRXDILPGLVVR
³(VWiDILPGRTXrPHQLQR"'HSDVVDUIRPHHYLYHU
IRGLGRVHPSUHVHPXPWRVWmR"
³ (X VHPSUH IXL IRGLGR <XQL 1mR TXHLUD PH
FRQVHUWDU
³ %RP YRFr TXH VDEH $PDQKm YRX YHU XP
FRUHyJUDIRDPLJR PHX GR +RWHO *DOiSDJRV 6H HQWUDU SDUD VHU
EDLODULQDQRFDEDUpGRKRWHOQLQJXpPPDLVPHWLUDGR9DUDGHUR
DWpDSDUHFHUXPWXULVWDTXHFDVHFRPLJRFPHOHYHHPERUDSDUD
YLYHUEHP
8KP
³ 5H\ QmR JRVWR GH YHU YRFr DVVLP WULVWRQKR
$PDQKmYRFr WHP GH WRPDU EDQKR H YRX FRPSUDU XPD FRLVD
QRYD SDUDYRFr 1HP TXH VHMD XP VKRUW XPD FDPLVHWD H XPD
VDQGiOLDGHERUUDFKD(QWmRYrVHOHYDQWDDFDEHoDGiXPDULVDGD
³(XQmRVHLTXHSRUUDHVWRXID]HQGRDTXLFRPYRFr
(XQHPWRTXHLQDTXHOHPDULQKHLUR2SUREOHPDQmRpPHX
³ $L 5H\ SRU IDYRU QHP IDOH QLVVR (VTXHoD R
PDULQKHLUR (X YLYLD WmR EHP QDTXHOH TXDUWLQKR ( MXQWR FRP
YRFrLDILFDUPHOKRUDLQGD
³(TXHRVHXLUPmR
³ 0HX LUPmR p XP IRGLGR 3DVVD GRLV GLDV EHP H
GHSRLVVHLVPHVHVVHPQDGD1mRVHDSUXPD9DPRVYHUVHDJRUD
WRPDMHLWRHVHHOHVHHQILDQRFDPSRFROKHQGRFDIpSHORPHQRV
XPDQRDWpDFRLVDHVIULDU
6DtUDP DQGDQGR DEUDoDGRV VH EHLMDQGR PXLWR
FRQWHQWHVGH HVWDU MXQWRV &KHJDUDP j FDVD RQGH HVWDYDP
KRVSHGDGRV
<XQLVOHLGLHQWURXQRTXDUWRGDVPHQLQDVHVHGHLWRX5H\
DEULXVHX FDWUH S{V QR FRUUHGRU QR OXJDU TXH D YHOKD PDWURQD
WLQKDLQGLFDGR H GRUPLX IHLWR XPD SHGUD HP PHQRV GH XP
PLQXWR
VDtGR
1R GLD VHJXLQWH DFRUGRX DR PHLRGLD <XQL Mi WLQKD
(VSHURXSRUHODRGLDLQWHLUR1mRDSDUHFHX9HLRDQRLWH
­VRQ]H KRUDV QmR FRQVHJXLD PDLV DJHQWDU GH IRPH $ YHOKD
PDWURQDRYLXVHQWDGRQRFDWUHHVSHUDQGRHFKHJRXSHUWR
³6HYDLILFDUHVWDQRLWHWHPGHSDJDUDJRUD,VWRDTXL
QmRpDVLORGD&UX]9HUPHOKD
³<XQLMiYDLYROWDU(ODSDJD
SDJDU"
³ 1mR ( XP H FLQTHQWD 9RFr QmR WHP FRP TXH
1mR
FRLVD
³ (X FRQKHoR HVVD PHQLQD )D] VHPSUH D PHVPD
'HVDSDUHFHGHUHSHQWH
³(TXHHODLDYHUXPQHJyFLRFRPXP
HQWUDP
³ (VSHUH QD UXD 4XDQGR HOD YROWDU YRFrV SDJDP H
5H\ QmR UHVSRQGHX )RL VHQWDU QD FDOoDGD 1mR WLQKD
QHPXP FHQWDYR QR EROVR $ PHVPD FRLVD GH VHPSUH 1DGD GH
QRYR
3HQVRX
´( DTXL FRP HVVHV WXULVWDV WmR HVTXLVLWRV QmR Gi
QHPSDUD SHGLU HVPROD H QmR WHQKR QHP XP VDQWLQKRµ
/HYDQWRXVHPHFDQLFDPHQWHHVDLXDQGDQGRQDGLUHomRGR+RWHO
*DOiSDJRV
(GLItFLR LPSUHVVLRQDQWH 2LWR DQGDUHV LOXPLQDGR
HOHJDQWH MDUGLQV IRQWHV FDUURV GH OX[R SRUWHLURV GH FDVDFR
YHUPHOKR H HQIHLWHV GRXUDGRV -DPDLV SRGHULD FKHJDU SHUWR GH
XPOXJDUDVVLP
1mR FRQVHJXLD QHP LPDJLQDU FRPR VHULD SRU GHQWUR
3URFXURXXQLOXJDUSDUDGRUPLUQXPFDQWRGRMDUGLPGHEDL[RGH
XPDVDPHQGRHLUDV 2V PRVTXLWRV R DVVRODYDP 0LOKDUHV GH
PRVTXLWRV H PDUXLQV VH DOLPHQWDYDP GHOH 0DV QHP LVVR R
GHVSHUWRX
4XDQGR DEULX RV ROKRV R VRO HVWDYD DOWR H TXHQWH 8P
MDUGLQHLURUHJDYDRVFDQWHLURVGHIORUHVFRPXPDOLQGDPDQJXHLUD
EUDQFD H YHUPHOKD $Wp RV MDWLQKRV GH iJXD HP HVSLUDO HUDP
ERQLWRVH DJUDGiYHLV 7XGR PXLWR OLQGR &XPSULPHQWRXR 2
MDUGLQHLURVy ROKRX SDUD HOH &RQWLQXRX FRQFHQWUDGR HP VXDV
IORUHV/LQGDV
4XLQKHQWDV JUDQGHV IORUHV HP PHQRV GH XP PHWUR
TXDGUDGR
´8KP 7XGR p SRVVtYHO RQGH WHP PXLWR GLQKHLURµ 5H\
SHQVRX
/HYDQWRXVHHIRLDWpHOH
³$PLJRPHMRJXHXPSRXFRGHiJXDQDFDUD
³ 2 TXH YRFr HVWi SUHFLVDQGR p GH XP EDQKR
FRPSOHWRFRPVDEmRHEXFKD6DLSUDOiTXHYRFrGHYHWHUSLROKR
³1mRQmR1mRWHQKRPDLV
³+DKDKD
VXMHLWR
5H\ VH HQ[DJXRX XP SRXFR H ILFRX REVHUYDQGR R
'HSRLVWHYHXPDLGpLD
³5DSD]VHUiTXHWHPWUDEDOKRSUDPLPDTXL"
³3UDYRFr"$FKRTXHQmR
GH
³ 3RU TXr" (X VRX IRUWH -i WUDEDOKHL GH HVWLYDGRU
³(PDVDTXLWHPPXLWRUHTXLVLWRe]RQDGHGyODU
³2TXHpLVVR"
³=RQDGHGyODU9RFrQmRpGHVWHSDtV"
³$FKRTXHVRX
$FKD
8KP
$K
³4XHUHTXLVLWR"
³ %RP WHP GH WHU GLSORPD XQLYHUVLWiULR VHU
PLOLWDQWHWHUPHQRVGHWULQWDDQRVIDODURXWUDOtQJXD
3RUUD
³ 1R PrV SDVVDGR DEULUDP FHP YDJDV H VH
DSUHVHQWDUDPPLO H WUH]HQWRV FDQGLGDWRV 7RGRV FRP HVVHV
UHTXLVLWRV9LHUDPGRSDtVLQWHLUR
³9DJDGHTXr"
³'HWXGR(XVRXHQJHQKHLURFLYLOFRPVHWHDQRVGH
H[SHULrQFLD(IDORLQJOrVHIUDQFrV
ID]HU
³ (QJHQKHLUR FXLGDQGR GH MDUGLP" ,VVR HX FRQVLJR
³ 9i Yi 9RFr DTXL QmR WHP FKDQFH 9DL VH
PDQGDQGRTXHDTXLQmRGHL[DPYRFrQHPERWDURVSpV
³ 7i HX YRX PDV SRUUD p TXH HVWRX FRP XPD
IRPHTXHQmRDJHQWRPDLV
³1mRQmRDTXLQmRWHPQDGDSUDYRFr9iHPERUD
6HDVHJXUDQoDGRKRWHOSHJDYRFrGmRXPDVSRUUDGDV
³2QGHILFDROL[R"
VDEH
³ 6H SHJDP YRFr IXoDQGR QR OL[R ERP YRFr TXH
6mRDTXHOHVFRQWrLQHUHVDOLPDVHXQmRGLVVHQDGDKHLQ"
2OKDOi
³3RUUDDPLJRPHGiXPDFKDQFH
³$PLJRFRLVDQHQKXPD1HPROKHPDLVSDUDPLP
5H\IRLDWpROL[RPDVOHPEURXGHXPDFRLVDHYROWRX
³5DSD]GHL[HHXSHUJXQWDUXPDFRLVD
³$KQmRPHHQFKDRVDFR
³ 9RFr FRQKHFH XPD PXODWLQKD PXLWR ERQLWD TXH p
EDLODULQDDt"
³(VVDJHQWHHXQmRFRQKHoR
³6HFKDPD<XQLVOHLGL
³ 1mR FRQKHoR QLQJXpP TXH WUDEDOKD Oi GHQWUR
0HXQHJyFLRpDTXLIRUD9iHPERUDHQmRHQFKDPDLVRVDFR
5H\IRLDWpRVFRQWrLQHUHV7HQWRXDEULUXPPDVQmR
FRQVHJXLX 8P MRYHP YHVWLGR GH EUDQFR YLQKD YLQGR FRP XP
EDOGHGHOL[RHTXDQGRSHUFHEHXVXDVLQWHQo}HVRWRFRXGDOL
³)RUDIRUDDTXLQmRWHPQDGDSDUDYRFr
³(VWRXFRPIRPHGHL[HHXSURFXUDUDOJXPDFRLVD
³3URFXUDUQDGD 9i VRPH GDTXL VHQmRHX FKDPRD
VHJXUDQoDGRKRWHO
5H\ WHYH GH LU HPERUD 'HSUHVVD 3RXFRV SDVVRV
GHSRLVHQFRQWURX XP JRUUR EUDQFR FRP R VtPEROR '5<3 HP
YHUGH,JXDODXPDEDQGHLUDHQRUPHTXHWUHPXODYDQRDOWRGHXQL
PDVWUREHPQRPHLRGRMDUGLP2VGRQRVGHWRGDDTXHODEHOH]D
´8KPTXHERQLWRSRUUDTXHVRUWHHXHVWRXKRMHµSHQVRXHVH
FDORXPXLWR RUJXOKRVR GH SDUWLFLSDU GH PRGR WmR UXWLODQWH
GDTXHODHPSUHVD $WUDYHVVRX R MDUGLP )RL DWp D HVWUDGD 1HVVH
PRPHQWR OKH RFRUUHX YROWDU H LU DWp D SUDLD 4XHP VDEH DOJXP
WXULVWDOKH GDYD DOJXPD FRLVD $SUR[LPRXVH FRP FXLGDGR
DQGDQGRHQWUH DV WUHSDGHLUDV H DV DPHQGRHLUDV )RUD WmR
DPHDoDGR QDTXHOD PDQKm TXH HUD PHOKRU DQGDU QD SRQWD GRV
SpV 'LVIDUoDQGRSDVVRX HQWUH QXV FRTXHLURV H XPDV GXQDV H
ILFRXIDVFLQDGR
1XQFD WLQKD YLVWR XPD SUDLD WmR ERQLWD FRP D iJXD
YHUGHHVPHUDOGD R PDU WUDQTLOR H EULOKDQWH WXGR SOiFLGR 8QV
SRXFRVWXULVWDVWRPDQGRVROH
´3RUUD HVVDV PXOKHUHV HVWmR FRP RV SHLWRV GH IRUD
&DUDDDOKR4XHSHLWRVPDLVOLQGRV(VWiQDFDUDTXHDTXLQmRWHP
FXEDQRV 6H DTXHOHV IRGLGRV GH &HQWUR +DEDQDDSDUHFHP SRU
DTXLSDVVDP R GLD WRFDQGR SXQKHWDµ 1mR VH GHL[RX KLSQRWL]DU
SHODVWHWDVHXURSpLDV'HVOLJRXVHGDTXLORHREVHUYRXPHOKRU'H
IDWR
XQVSROLFLDLVSUDLDQRVGHVKRUWWRPDYDPFRQWDGDiUHD
1DYHUGDGHWHYHYRQWDGHGHSXODUQDiJXD3HODSULPHLUDYH]QD
YLGD VHQWLX YRQWDGH GH VH PROKDU (UD XP OXJDUWmR OLQGR FRPR
QXQFDWLQKDYLVWR´3UDWUiV5H\SUDWUiVµSHQVRX(VHUHWLURX
FRPPXLWDFDXWHOD(QWUHDViUYRUHVKDYLDXPSHTXHQRFDIp$OL
WHYHVRUWH)RLSRUWUiV1mRKDYLDQLQJXpP
$EULXRVODW}HVGHOL[RHHQFRQWURXFRPIDFLOLGDGHVUHVWRV
IUHVFRV H DEXQGDQWHV GH SL]]DV H VDQGXtFKHV H XP SHGDoR GH
OLQJLoD XP SRXFR SRGUH PDV DSHWHFtYHO H QXWULWLYR (QJROLX
UiSLGR DTXLOR WXGR H IRL HPERUD WUDQTLODPHQWH VHP VHU
LQFRPRGDGR)HOL]HVDWLVIHLWR
6HQWLXVH PXLWR EHP FRP DTXHOH DOPRoR H UHVROYHX
DUULVFDU GH QRYR 4XHULD YHU D SUDLD H FRQVRODUVH XP SRXFR
5HSHWLXD RSHUDomR GH DSUR[LPDUVH SRXFR D SRXFR HQWUH
DPHQGRHLUDVFRTXHLURVWUHSDGHLUDV$FRPRGRXVHQXPDVRPEUD
2VSROLFLDLVHVWDYDPORQJH1mRKDYLDSHLWRVjYLVWD0DVDSUDLD
HUD LQFUtYHO 5HFRVWRXVH QXP WURQFR H ILFRX GRUPLQGR
SODFLGDPHQWHGXUDQWH TXDWUR KRUDV 4XDQGR DFRUGRX KDYLDP
GHL[DGR XPDWHQWDomR D DSHQDV GRLV PHWURV GH VHX HVFRQGHULMR
8UQDWRDOKDHQRUPHQDDUHLDFRPXPDVURXSDVHPFLPDXPSDU
GH WrQLVIUDVFRV GH FUHPH XPD JDUUDID GH UXP HQYHOKHFLGR
FRSRV ,UHVSHVVRDV EULQFDYDP QD iJXD D VHVVHQWD PHWURV GDOL
3HQVRXGHSUHVVD
´$ WRDOKD FRP WXGR" $V URXSDV H R WrQLV" 2 UXP"µ
(VSHURXXQV PLQXWRV $V SHVVRDV EHP GLVWUDtGDV QD iJXD
$SUR[LPRXVHTXDVH VH DUUDVWDQGR QD DUHLD 3HJRX D URXSD H RV
WrQLVHYROWRX
VHGDOL
2EVHUYRX1LQJXpPRYLX8PSRXFRQHUYRVRDIDVWRX
(UDXPD]RQDPXLWRWUDQTLOD7LURXDURXSDVXMDHYHVWLX
DEHUPXGD EHJH XPD FDPLVD SUDLDQD PXLWR IUHVFD H RV WrQLV
D]XOPDULQKR TXH SDUHFLDP IHLWRV SDUD HOH 7XGR GH H[FHOHQWH
TXDOLGDGH0DVFRPRVHVDEHRKiELWRQmRID]RPRQJH$SHVDU
GHWRGR DTXHOH YHVWXiULR QRYR H GLVWLQWR 5H\ FRQWLQXDYD
SDUHFHQGRRPHVPRPXODWRPRUWRGH IRPH PDJUR GHVQXWULGR
FRP DSHOH GRV EUDoRV H GDV SHUQDV FREHUWD GH EROKDV H
IXU~QFXORVGHSXVGDVSLFDGDVGRVPRVTXLWRVHPDUXLQVRFDEHOR
GHVJUHQKDGRH VXMR RV ROKRV UHPHOHQWRV H VREUHWXGR DTXHOH DU
GHVXVWRHGHVDPSDURWHPHURVRGHOHYDUXPSRQWDSpQDEXQGDD
TXDOTXHUPRPHQWR
0HVPR DVVLP 5H\ VH VHQWLD PHOKRU )HGHQGR D VXRU
PDVEHPYHVWLGR3HORPHQRVGHORQJHQmRSDUHFLDXPPHQGLJR
HRVSROLFLDLVQmRRSHUVHJXLULDPWDQWR
'HFLGLX ID]HU XPD ~OWLPD WHQWDWLYD GH HQFRQWUDU
<XQLVOHLGL
)RL DWp D FDVD $ YHOKD PDWURQD R YLX EHP YHVWLGR H
PXLWR VRUULGHQWH H[DPLQRXR GH DOWR D EDL[R 7HQWRX VHU
DJUDGiYHO
³<XQLVOHLGLQmRDSDUHFHXPDVVHTXLVHUSRVVRDOXJDU
SDUDYRFrVR]LQKR
³1mRWHQKRGLQKHLUR
³&RPHVVDURXSDHQmRWHPGLQKHLUR"
8KP
(VWDYDHQWDUGHFHQGR(ID]LDXPDERDIUHVFD5H\VDLX
DQGDQGR SDUD D SRQWH OHYDGLoD $WUDYHVVRX SDUD R RXWUR ODGR
2VSROLFLDLV HVWDYDP RFXSDGRV FRP DOJXpP TXH TXHULD HQWUDU
1HPROKDUDP SDUD HOH 2 SUREOHPD HUD HQWUDU &RQWLQXRX
DQGDQGRSHODEHLUDGRFDQDOHGHL[RXSDUDWUiVR5HG&RDFKR
2iVLVDQRLWHFHX &DUERQHUD RV FDPSRV GH VLVDO &RQWLQXRX
DQGDQGR
$ /XD FKHLD DSDUHFHX H ILFRX WXGR D]XO 1D FRVWD D
HVSXPDEUDQFD FRQWUD RV UHFLIHV R UXPRU VXDYH GD PDUp 5H\
SDURXDOJXPDVYH]HVSDUDGHVFDQVDU6HPSHQVDU1mRWLQKDQDGD
HP TXHSHQVDU 1XQFD VHQWLD QHFHVVLGDGH GH SHQVDU GH WRPDU
GHFLV}HVGHSURMHWDULUSDUDFiRXSDUDOi$SHQDVFDPLQKDYDQD
IUHVFDSHODJUDPDGDERUGDGDHVWUDGDYHQGRDQRLWHD]XORPDU
D]XOD WUDQTLOLGDGH GR LQILQLWR ( FRQWLQXRX DQGDQGR 'HL[RX
SDUDWUiV &DPDULRFD R IDURO GH 0D\D &DQtPDU 4XDVH DR
DPDQKHFHU FKHJRX D 0DWDQ]DV 1mR FRQKHFLD DTXHOD FLGDGH
1mR OKHGL]LD QDGD 3RGLD FRQWLQXDU H FKHJDU DWp +DYDQD D Sp
0DV QmRIRL QHFHVViULR 1R PHLR GD PDQKm XP FDPLQKmR
UHFROKHX GLYHUVDV SHVVRDV QD DYHQLGD GH 7LUU\ HP IUHQWH D XP
YHOKRFDVDUmRFRPRQ~PHURRLWHQWDHXP8PDVHQKRUDORLUDH
VRUULGHQWHDSDUHQWHPHQWHGHVDOLQKDGDGHDPRUDSDUHFHXHQWUHDV
SpUVLDQDVIUDQFHVDV3RUXPLQVWDQWHVHROKDUDPQRVROKRVPDV
WXGRVHOLPLWRXDHVVHIXJLGLRUDLRGHOX]HQWUHGXDVSHVVRDVTXH
VHWRFDP FRP R ROKDU SUHVVHQWHP XP OHYH WUHPRU HP VHXV
UHVSHFWLYRV FDPSRV PDJQpWLFRV H FDGD XP VHJXH VHX FDPLQKR
$VSUHPRQLo}HVQHPVHPSUHVHFXPSUHP
5H\ VXELX QR FDPLQKmR VHP SHUJXQWDU QDGD 2
FKRIHUFRPHoRXDFREUDU
GH] SHVRV DWp +DYDQD 6XELUDP PDLV TXDWURSHVVRDV
0DLVGXDV)D]LDKRUDVTXHQmRVDtDQHQKXP{QLEXVSDUD+DYDQD
GLVVH DOJXpP RIHJDQWH H LQFRPRGDGR SRUTXH KDYLDFKHJDGR
FRUUHQGR GD HVWDomR GH {QLEXV SUy[LPD 'RLV SROLFLDLVVH
DSUR[LPDUDP 2 FKRIHU GHVFHX H FRQYHUVRX FRP HOHV
PXLWREDL[R 7URFDUDP DOJXPD FRLVD 2 FKRIHU VXELX GH SRYR
SDUDFREUDU 5H\ WHQWRX HQURODU PDV R VXMHLWR VDFRX TXDO HUD D
GHOH
1HJRFLDUDP5H\ILFRXVHPFDPLVD'XDVKRUDVGHSRLVR
FDPLQKmRHQWUDYDHP*XDQDEDFRDSDVVRXSHOD'H]GH2FWXEUH
HIRL VROWDQGR JHQWH SRXFR D SRXFR &DELDP TXDUHQWD PDV
OHYDYD GX]HQWDV ´( DLQGD EHP TXH DSDUHFHX LVWR DTXL D JHQWH
HVWDYD QD HVWDomR ID]LD GH] KRUDVµ UHSHWLX PDLV GH YLQWH YH]HV
XPDYHOKDJRUGDTXHHVWDYDVXIRFDQGRFRPIDOWDGHDUSHGLQGR
TXHOKH GHVVHP PDLV HVSDoR $OJXpP JR]DYD GD YHOKD GL]HQGR
TXHQmR WLQKD HVSDoR TXH GHYLD WHU WRPDGR XP Wi[L $ YHOKD
JRUGDUHVSRQGLDTXHQmRSRGLDPDLVID]HUDYLGD´'HIRUPDTXH
HVWRXEDWDOKDQGR LJXDO YRFr DTXL QHVWH FDPLQKmR IHLWR XPD
YDFDµ
7RGRV ULDP FRP DV LQWHUYHQo}HV GD YHOKD JRUGD 5H\
GHVFHX HP&XDWUR &DPLQRV $K WXGR VXMR H DUUXLQDGR 7XGR
PXLWRSRUFR
$V SHVVRDV GHVDOLQKDGDV GHVFDUDGDV H EDUXOKHQWDV $V
PXODWDVUHFpPFKHJDGDV GR /HVWH FRP VXDV EXQGDV JUDQGHV H
WHQWDGRUDVGLVSRVWDVDWXGRSRUWUrVRXTXDWURSHVRV4XHERP
9DUDGHURHUD OLPSR H ERQLWR GHPDLV WUDQTLOR H VLOHQFLRVR
GHPDLV 1mRSDUHFLD &XED ´2 JRVWRVR p DTXL LVWR DTXL p TXH p
PHXµ GLVVH DVL PHVPR 2 5HL GH +DYDQD RXWUD YH] HP VHX
DPELHQWH
(UD PHLRGLD H D SUDoD GR PHUFDGR HVWDYD IHUYHQGR
5H\ILFRX SRU DOL GDQGR YROWDV 4XHP VDEH QmR DUUXPDYD XP
VHUYLFLQKR1RVHWRUGHDQLPDLVYLYRVKDYLDSRXFRPRYLPHQWRH
PXLWRQRGHFDUQHV0DVDVFDUQHVHVWDYDPVRERFRQWUROHGHGRLV
RXWUrV ULFDoRV 8P VXMHLWR JRUGR EDUULJXGR FRP XPD JUDQGH
FRUUHQWH GH RXUR H URVWR SOiFLGR ROKDYD HP YROWD $V IDFDV R
FKHLURGDFDUQHGHSRUFRRVDQJXHRVHPSUHJDGRVYRFLIHUDQGR
VXDVPHUFDGRULDV H VHXV SUHoRV *RVWDYD GDTXHOH OXJDU )LFDU
FRUWDQGRSHGDoRVGHFDUQHGDUPDFKDGDGDVQRVRVVRVTXHEUDUD
FDEHoDGRVSRUFRVHHQILDUDVPmRVQDVHQWUDQKDVDLQGDTXHQWHV
SDUDWLUDU RV PL~GRV ´&RPR HX JRVWDULD GH WUDEDOKDU DTXL H
PDWDUWUrVRXTXDWURSRUFRVWRGRGLD8PDSDXODGDQDFDEHoDH
GHSRLVIXUDU R FRUDomR GHOHV FRP XP SXQKDO EHP FRPSULGR
KDKDKD
'HSRLVHVTXDUWHMDURVDQJXHMRUUDQGRµ6XUSUHHQGHXVH
SHQVDQGRQLVVRWXGRROKDQGRIL[DPHQWHRJRUGRFRPDFRUUHQWH
GHRXUR LQGR QD GLUHomR GHOH 2 VXMHLWR HUD R GRQR VHP
G~YLGD
$SUR[LPRXVH H TXDVH DEULX D ERFD SDUD SHUJXQWDU PDV
ILFRXLPSUHVVLRQDGR FRP D IRUoD TXH HPDQDYD GDTXHOH KRPHP
(UDXP VXMHLWR DOWR FRUSXOHQWR EDUULJXGR GH URXSDV OLPSDV
FKHLRGHDQpLVUHOyJLRFRUUHQWHSXOVHLUD7XGRGHRXURPDFLoR
2XURDWp QRV GHQWHV 2 VXMHLWR GRPLQDYD WXGR HP YROWD
VRUULGHQWHWUDQTLOR FDOPR $R PHVPR WHPSR YLDVH TXH HUD
SHULJRVR
$OJXpPFDSD] GH ID]HU TXDOTXHU FRLVD VHP VH DOWHUDU (
LVVR RID]LD WHPtYHO 1HP XPD JRWD GH VDQJXH QHP GH VXRU
PDQFKDYD VXD FDPLVD EUDQFD LPSHFiYHO H D FDOoD FLQ]DFODUR
2XWURVWUDEDOKDYDP SDUD HOH H VXDYDP H YRFLIHUDYDP H VH
PDQFKDYDPGH VDQJXH H JRUGXUD GRV SRUFRV H YLDVH TXH
HVWDYDPQHUYRVRV
(OHVR]LQKRUHFROKLDRVOXFURVHFRQWURODYDWXGRFRPVHX
VRUULVR FtQLFR H GLVWDQWH 5H\ HQJROLX HP VHFR GLDQWH GDTXHOH
VHQKRU
1mR VH DWUHYHX QHP D ROKDU HP VHXV ROKRV %DL[RX R
URVWRHFRQWLQXRXDQGDQGR2VXMHLWRRLJQRURX(UDXPSLROKR
LQIHOL]
8PHVPROHLURGHPHUGD
5H\IRLSDUDRVHWRUGHWUiV2PDLRU+DYLDSHORPHQRV
RLWHQWDEDQFDVFRPYHJHWDLV7XGRDSUHoRVDOWtVVLPRV2S~EOLFR
FLUFXODYD SHORV FRUUHGRUHV SHUJXQWDYD RV SUHoRV FRPSUDYD
PXLWRSRXFR RX QDGD ( FRQWLQXDYD ROKDQGR H VH DVVRPEUDQGR
FRPRVSUHoRVHSDVVDQGRIRPH8PRXRXWURYHOKRPXUPXUDYD
´(VWmRILFDQGR PLOLRQiULRV H R JRYHUQR QmR ID] QDGD
,VVR p FRQWUD RSRYR WXGR FRQWUD R SRYRµ 1LQJXpP OKH GDYD
RXYLGRV $OJXQVYHOKRV FRQWLQXDYDP HVSHUDQGR TXH R JRYHUQR
VROXFLRQDVVH DOJXPD FRLVD GH YH] HP TXDQGR +DYLDP VLGR WmR
PDOKDGRV FRP HVVDLGpLD TXH HOD Mi HVWDYD JHQHWLFDPHQWH
LPSUHJQDGDQHOHV
1R VHWRU GH YHJHWDLV WDPEpP QmR KDYLD FKDQFH 2V
QHJURVRFXSDYDP WRGDV DV SRVVLELOLGDGHV GH FDUUHJDU VDFRV GH
DUUR] H GHIHLMmR H FDQDVWUDV GH IUXWDV WXEpUFXORV H OHJXPHV
5RXERXGXDVEDQDQDVGHXPDEDQFDHFRPHX(UDGLItFLO7RGRV
FXLGDYDPPXLWR EHP GD VXD PHUFDGRULD 3HUJXQWRX D YiULRV
YHQGHGRUHV
³3UHFLVDGHDMXGD"
³3UHFLVRpYHQGHU4XHDMXGDSRUUDQHQKXPD
6DLX GDOL $R ORQJR GD UXD 0DWDGHUR ILFDYDP RV
FDPHO{V HDOJXPDV FDUWRPDQWHV IXPDQGR FKDUXWRV FRP VXDV
VDLDVDPSODV
6HQWDGDV QRV EDWHQWHV GDV JUDQGHV MDQHODV GR PHUFDGR
8PD GDVFDUWRPDQWHV HVWDYD VHP FOLHQWHV QDTXHOH PRPHQWR $
RXWUD HVWDYD OHQGR DV FDUWDV SDUD XPD FDPSRQHVD H VXD ILOKD
$FRQVHOKDYDDV GXDV UHFHLWDYD UHPpGLRV RUDo}HV DPXOHWRV
EDQKRVGHHUYDVHPDGHLUDV$FDPSRQHVDVXDILOKDRILOKRR
PDULGR WRGRVWLQKDP SUREOHPDV PXLWRV SUREOHPDV 8P PRQWH
GHSUREOHPDVSDUDFDGDXP´7XGRWHPMHLWR7XGRWHPMHLWR2
PRUWRHVWiGL]HQGRTXHWXGRWHPMHLWRµUHSHWLDDQHJUDHSXQKD
DV FDUWDVVXUJLDP RV SUREOHPDV H HP VHJXLGD DV VROXo}HV SDUD
FDGDXP
$ FDPSRQHVD SUHRFXSDGD H WHPHURVD 5H\ REVHUYRX (
HVFXWRX´8KPµSHQVDYD6yLVVR
´8KPXKPµ$RXWUDFDUWRPDQWHRFKDPRX
³9HQKDFi6HQWHDTXL
³1mRWHQKRGLQKHLUR
³(XVHLTXHYRFrQmRWHPQHPRQGHFDLUPRUWR0DV
LVWRDTXL p XPD REUD GH FDULGDGH 6HQWH WHQKR GH OKH GL]HU
XPDVFRLVLQKDVSUDDEULUVHQFDPLQKR
³1mRQmR
³9RFrWHPXPPRUWRHVFXURFRPFRUUHQWH(pLVVR
TXHHVWi FDUUHJDQGR GHVGH TXH QDVFHX 6HQWH TXH QmR YRX OKH
FREUDUQDGD
5H\ VHJXLX VHX FDPLQKR 6HQWLX PHGR GDTXLOR $
PXOKHUFRQWLQXRX IDODQGR DLQGD WHYH WHPSR GH HVFXWDU PDLV
DOJXPDFRLVD
³6HXQHJyFLRQmRpIiFLO(XPPRUWRIRUWHTXH
DUUDVWDYRFr
$SUHVVRXVHHVHDIDVWRXGDTXHODQHJUDLPSUHVVLRQDQWH
FRPVHXV FKDUXWRV H VHXV PRUWRV ´9DL WRPDU QR HX 6DL IRUDµ
5H\GLVVH FRQVLJR PHVPR H IRL VHQWDU HP RXWUD HVTXLQD 'RLV
YHOKRVVXMtVVLPRV EDUEXGRV FRP D URXSD UDVJDGD H DVTXHURVD
YHQGLDPWXERV GH SDVWD GH GHQWHV OkPLQDV GH EDUEHDU GRLV
SDFRWHV SHTXHQRV GH FDIp 6HQWRX DR ODGR GHOHV 8P GRV GRLV
SHUJXQWRX DOJXPD FRLVD PDV 5H\ QmR RXYLX $ QHJUD OKH GHX
PHGR´0RUWRHVFXURFRPFRUUHQWHV3XWDTXHSDULXµ/HYDQWRX
VH H FRQWLQXRXGDQGR YROWDV (VWDYD FRP IRPH 3HUJXQWRX D
RXWURVYHQGHGRUHV
1LQJXpPTXHULDDMXGD´9RXWHUGHURXEDUXQVSmHVFRP
RYRµSHQVRX2OKRXHPYROWD1mRKDYLDSROLFLDLVjYLVWD3RGLD
SHJDURV SmHV DWUDYHVVDU D DYHQLGD FRUUHQGR SDUD D HVWDomR GH
WUHQVHFRQWLQXDUSHOD0RQWHDFLPD1HPSHQVRX$SUR[LPRXVH
GROXJDU1mRKDYLDFOLHQWHV6yRYHQGHGRU0DVSDURXSRUTXH
HOHPROKRX RV OiELRV QHUYRVDPHQWH FRP D SRQWD GD OtQJXD
4XDQGRDYDQoRX SDUD RV SmHV FRP RYR R YHQGHGRU XP
EUDQTXHORSL[DLPMRYHPHOLJHLURMiHVWDYDHVSHUDQGRDJDUURXR
SHORVSXOVRVHJULWRX
´3ROtFLD SROtFLDµ 5H\ ILFRX DWHUURUL]DGR TXDQGR VH YLX
DVVLPSUHVRHMXQWRX IRUoDV HPSXUURX R VXMHLWR GHX XP FKXWH
QDEDQFD H TXDVH GHUUXED WXGR R VXMHLWR R VROWRX H HOH VDLX
FRUUHQGR 1mR WLQKD URXEDGR QDGD 3RUWDQWR QmR HUD FXOSDGR
6HJXLXSHOD%HODVFRDtQDFLPD3ULPHLURSHQVRXHPLUDREDLUURGH
-HVXV0DULD SURFXUDU 0DJGD 'HYLD VHU SRU YROWD GDV FLQFR GD
WDUGH
(P XP EDU YiULRV KRPHQV EHELDP UXP H IXPDYDP
WUDQTLODPHQWHROKDQGRDVPXOKHUHVTXHSDVVDYDPSHODFDOoDGD
QHJUDVPXODWDVEUDQFDV3URYRFDQWHVFRPEHODVEXQGDV
DOHJUHVVXDQGRPRVWUDQGRRXPELJRHDVEDUULJXLQKDVFRPVXDV
EOXVDV PXLWRFXUWDV H DV [R[RWDV EHP PDUFDGDV SHODV O\FUDV $
OX[~ULDRGHVHMRDVHQVXDOLGDGHRVXRUOKHVFRUULDSHODVFRVWDVR
SDVVR VXDYHRQGXODQGR EHP DV QiGHJDV RV ROKDUHV GHVDILDQWHV
(UD XP ERPOXJDU DTXHOH 6XMR GHVWUXtGR DUUXLQDGR WXGR
GHVSHGDoDGR PDVDV SHVVRDV SDUHFLDP LQYXOQHUiYHLV 9LYLDP H
DJUDGHFLDP DRV VDQWRV FDGD GLD GH YLGD H JR]DYDP (QWUH RV
HVFRPEURVHDVXMHLUDPDVJR]DQGR
'HYHULD SURFXUDU 0DJGD" (UD PXLWR FHGR 0DJGD
GHYLDHVWDU YHQGHQGR DPHQGRLP &RQWLQXRX DQGDQGR
OHQWDPHQWHSHOD %HODVFRDtQ DWp R 0DOHFyQ ­V YH]HV JRVWDYD GH
REVHUYDU
$JRUD WLQKD XPD IRPH GR FmR 6HP FRPLGD H VHP
GLQKHLURWHULD GH REVHUYDU PHOKRU DLQGD 4XHP VDEH DSDUHFLD
DOJXPDFRLVD FRPHVWtYHO &KHJRX DR 0DOHFyQ 6HQWRXVH QR
PXURSDUDWRPDUDIUHVFD&RPRVHPSUHDFRQWHFLDFRPHOHWLQKD
WDQWDIRPH TXH QmR VHQWLD PDLV )D]LD PXLWR FDORU HPERUD R
FUHS~VFXOR Mi VH DFHQGHVVH VREUH R PDU FRP WLQWDV DODUDQMDGDV
FLQ]HQWDV YHUPHOKDV URVDGDV D]XLV YLROHWD EUDQFDV 6y YHQGR
SDUDFUHU2VRODIXQGDQGRQRPDUHWRGDVDTXHODVFRUHVQRFpX
6HPFDPLVD5H\VHQWLDRVXRU
HVFRUUHUGDVD[LODVHSHODVFRVWDVDWpDVQiGHJDV2VDFRWDPEpP
HVWDYDVXDQGRHHOHWRGRIHGLDDERGXPIRUWH)D]LDPXLWRVGLDV
TXH QmR WRPDYD EDQKR &KHLURX DV D[LODV *RVWDYD GDTXHOH
FKHLUR&KHLUDYDDVLPHVPRYiULDVYH]HVSRUGLD)LFDYDH[FLWDGR
GHVHFKHLUDU6HQWLXXPDOHYHHUHomR
0DV HVWDYD FRP YRQWDGH GH PLMDU 6HQWRXVH EHP QD
EHLUDGD GRPXUR 7LURX D YDUD PHLR GXUD H PLMRX QR PDU 8PD
PXOKHUTXHHVWDYDEHLMDQGRRQDPRUDGRILFRXROKDQGRIL[DPHQWH
SDUDHOHIDVFLQDGDSRUDTXHOHEHORLQVWUXPHQWR5H\SHUFHEHXH
JRVWRX
0H[HXXPSRXFRRSDX&XVSLXQDFDEHoDSDUDGHVOL]DU
PHOKRUHVHPDVWXUERXXPSRXFRHPKRQUDGHVXDDGPLUDGRUD
2KRPHPGHFRVWDVQmRID]LDLGpLDGRTXHHVWDYDDFRQWHFHQGR
(OD VHJXUDYD D FDEHoD GHOH EHLMDYD VHX SHVFRoR H VHXV
ROKRV VHDUUHJDODYDP ROKDQGR D SLURFD GH 5H\ (OH WLQKD VH
H[FLWDGR FKHLUDQGR D VL SUySULR FRPR ID]HP RV PDFDFRV H
PXLWRV RXWURV DQLPDLV LQFOXVLYH R KRPHP ( DJRUD WLQKD XPD
DGPLUDGRUDHQWXVLDVPDGDTXHDTXDOTXHUPRPHQWRHUDFDSD]GH
ODUJDU R QRLYRH VH DSUR[LPDU GH 5H\ SDUD FRPSOHWDU
DPDYHOPHQWHVXDPDVWXUEDomR0DV 5H\ VH OHPEURX GD IRPH H
SHQVRX
´6H HX JR]DUDJRUD GHVPDLR SRUUDµ *XDUGRX R
PDWHULDOROKRXXPD~OWLPDYr]DMRYHP ImH VDLX DQGDQGR SHOR
0DOHFyQSDUDRSRUWR
0DJGD
'HWHYHVH XP LQVWDQWH H FRUUHX RV ROKRV HP EXVFD GH
RSRQWRGRFDPHORQDHVTXLQDGH6DQ/i]DURH0DUTXrV
*RQ]iOH]D SRUWD GD FDSHOD D HVTXLQD GR KRVSLWDO R SDUTXH
0DFHR 2OKRXGHYDJDU 0DJGD QmR HVWDYD SRU DOL (VWDYD ORXFR
SDUD YrOD SDUDGHLWDU FRP HOD EHLMDUOKH D EXQGD H PHUJXOKDU
QXPD GDTXHODVWUHSDGDV ORXFDV TXH GXUDYDP WUrV GLDV H
WHUPLQDYDP TXDQGR RSDX H D ERFHWD OKHV DUGLDP WDQWR TXH
WLQKDPGHSDUDUVHQmRFRPHoDYDPDVDQJUDU´3RURQGHVHUiTXH
DQGDDTXHODORXFD"
&RP TXHP HVWDUi"µ SHUJXQWRXVH DOJXPDV YH]HV H HP
VHJXLGDGHL[RXRDVVXQWRSDUDOi6HJXLXSHOR0DOHFyQPDLVGRLV
TXDUWHLU}HV 1mR VDELD SDUD RQGH LU &RP IRPH H VHP GLQKHLUR
6XDPRUWH H VXD GHVJUDoD HUD TXH YLYLD H[DWDPHQWH R PLQXWR
SUHVHQWH (VTXHFLD FRP SUHFLVmR R PLQXWR DQWHULRU H QmR VH
DQWHFLSDYDQHPXPVHJXQGRDRSUy[LPRPLQXWR7HPTXHPYLYD
GLD DGLD 5H\ YLYLD PLQXWR D PLQXWR 6y R PRPHQWR H[DWR TXH
UHVSLUDYD$TXLORHUDGHFLVLYRSDUDVREUHYLYHUHDRPHVPRWHPSR
RLQFDSDFLWDYD GH ID]HU TXDOTXHU SURMHWR SRVLWLYR 9LYLD GR
PHVPRPRGR TXH D iJXD HVWDQFDGD QXP FKDUFR LPRELOL]DGD
FRQWDPLQDGDVHHYDSRUDQGRHPPHLRDXPDSRGULGmRDVTXHURVD
(GHVDSDUHFHQGR
6HQWRXVH GH QRYR QR PXUR 2 FUHS~VFXOR VH
LQIODPDYDDLQGD PDLV 2 FpX D iJXD DV SDUHGHV GDV FDVDV DV
SHGUDV GRVUHFLIHV FRVWHLURV H R OtTXHQ YHUGH TXH RV UHFREULD D
SHGUDGHFDQWDULDGR(O0RUURWXGRRTXHDTXHOD OX] WRFDYD VH
WUDQVIRUPDYDHPGRXUDGRURVDGRYLROHWDFRUHVLQGHFLIUiYHLV$
EHOH]D R WRFDYD 1RV FUHS~VFXORV QDV PXOKHUHV QD DOHJULD GH
YLYHUTXHSXOVDYDDRVHXUHGRUQDP~VLFDQDSUHVHQoDLQILQLWDGR
PDU QR DUVDWXUDGR GH RGRUHV $ YLGD SXOVDQGR ( HOH DOKHLR D
WXGR
1R HQWDQWR QDTXHOH PRPHQWR 5H\ VH VHQWLD EHP
1mRVDELDSRUTXr1LQJXpP R KDYLD HQVLQDGRD IUXLU D EHOH]D
0DVDTXHOH HUD XP ERP PRPHQWR 2OKDYD R PDU SODFLGDPHQWH
HORJR IL[RX RV ROKRV QXP YROXPH EUDQFR TXH IOXWXDYD SHUWR
$FRUUHQWH H RV YHQWRV GR QRUWH OHYDUDP R REMHWR DWp D SUDLD
(UDXPOHQoROEUDQFRPDQFKDGRGHVDQJXHVHFREHPDPDUUDGR
&RQWLQKD DOJXPD FRLVD 6HULD XPD FULDQoD PRUWD" 8PD
PmHTXH SDULX PDWRX R UHFpPQDVFLGR H MRJRX QD iJXD" 6HULD
XPSHGDoR GH DOJXpP HVTXDUWHMDGR" 5H\ ROKRX HP YROWD 1mR
KDYLDQLQJXpP SRU SHUWR &RQFHQWURXVH QDTXHOH YROXPH
7HQWRX DGLYLQKDU D IRUPD GH XPD FDEHoD GH XP EUDoR 1mR
SRGLDP VHUWULSDV H PHUGD GH XP SRUFR RX GH XP FDUQHLUR
1LQJXpPMRJDIRUDXPOHQoRO+DYLDPPDWDGRDOJXpPQDFDPD
SLFDGRHPSHGDoRVHDTXHODWURX[DFRQWLQKDXQVSHGDoRV(VWDYD
DSRQWRGHGHVFHUGDVSHGUDVHLQYHVWLJDU2YROXPHMiVHFKRFDYD
FRQWUD RV UHFLIHV IOXWXDQGR QDV RQGDV VXDYHV %DVWDYD GHVDWDU
XPQy H GHVFREULU R TXH FRQWLQKD 0DV UHDJLX D WHPSR
(QTXDQWRHVWLYHVVH ID]HQGR DTXLOR RXWUDV SHVVRDV VH
DSUR[LPDULDP 7mRPyUELGDV TXDQWR HOH 'HSRLV YLULD D SROtFLD
´1mR 4XH RXWURDFKH DTXLOR (X QmR YL QDGDµ GLVVH SDUD VL
PHVPR H FRQWLQXRXDQGDQGR SHOR 0DOHFyQ DWp R SRUWR 'RLV
SROLFLDLV YLQKDP SHODFDOoDGD QD GLUHomR GHOH $SDYRURXVH
SHQVDQGR TXH SRGLDPHQFRQWUiOR SHUWR GDTXHOD WURX[D FRP
SUHVXQWR KXPDQR 7HUURUYiFXR PDV WHUURU $WUDYHVVRX D
DYHQLGD H FRQWLQXRX FDPLQKDQGR SRU 6DQ /i]DUR (VWDYD
DQRLWHFHQGR(QWURXQREDLUURGHVXDLQIkQFLD'H%HODVFRDtQDWp
*DOLDQR 8P VXMHLWR HQVDQJHQWDGR FRP XPD IHULGD QD FDEHoD
YLQKD DQGDQGR SHOD UXD 1mR LDSHOD FDOoDGD 2 VXMHLWR IRL SHOD
/HDOWDGDWp6DQ/i]DURYLURXjGLUHLWDHFRQWLQXRX SDUD +DEDQD
9LHMD (UD XP EUDQFR PXLWRPDJUR FRP WUrV WDWXDJHQV QRV
EUDoRV
XP-HVXV&ULVWRXPOHWUHLURTXHGL]LD
´/RUHQVDPmHpXPDVyµHXPDIDFDJRWHMDQGR
7XGR PXLWR PDO GHVHQKDGR 9HVWLD DSHQDV XP VKRUW
YHOKR H GHVERWDGR H VDQGiOLD GH ERUUDFKD PXLWR JDVWD OLQKD
PXLWR FDEHOR SUHWR HQFKDUFDGR GH VDQJXH /HYDYD XP WUDSR
SUHWR QD PmRWDOYH] XP OHQoR H VHFDYD R VDQJXH TXH HVFRUULD
SHODWHVWDHRFHJDYD(VWDYDErEDGRRXPDFRQKDGRHPFKRTXH
$QGDYD IHLWRXP ]XPEL SLVDQGR GXUR MRJDQGR RV SpV SDUD D
IUHQWH WRQWR HGXUR 7LQKD D H[SUHVVmR SHUGLGD H OHYHPHQWH
VRUULGHQWH7RGRRFRUSRPDQFKDGRGHVDQJXHTXDVHFRDJXODGR
DWpRVSpV$VSHVVRDVROKDYDPSDUDHOH6yROKDYDPVHPIDODU
(UDHYLGHQWHTXHRVXMHLWRID]LDXPJUDQGHHVIRUoRSDUDFRQWLQXDU
DQGDQGR 4XHUGL]HU D TXDOTXHU PRPHQWR SRGLD GHVSHQFDU QR
PHLRGDUXD­VYH]HVVHGHVHTXLOLEUDYDSDUDXPODGRRXRXWUR
'HSRLV VH DSUXPDYD RXWUD YH] H UHWRPDYD D PDUFKD
)UHTHQWHPHQWHROKDYDSDUDWUiVFRUQRVHDOJXpPRSHUVHJXLVVH
HDSXUDYDDLQGDPDLVRSDVVR1XPLQVWDQWHVXPLXUXDDEDL[R
7LQKD DQRLWHFLGR FRPSOHWDPHQWH ( 5H\ HVWDYD FRP
YRQWDGHGHPLMDU$YDQoRXXPSRXFRDLQGD2OKRXSDUDVXDFDVD
RX RTXH IRUD VXD FDVD 1mR TXHULD YHU PDLV QHQKXPD GHVJUDoD
KRMH
7DWLDQD FHJD )UHGHVELQGD FKRUDQGR 1mR (QWURX QXP
HGLItFLRGH RLWR DQGDUHV QD HVTXLQD GD 3HUVHYHUDQFLD 6XELX XP
ODQFHGHHVFDGDHPLMRXDOLPHVPR/HPEUDYDGHVVHOXJDUGHVXD
LQIkQFLD$VSHVVRDVHQWUDYDPDOLSDUDFDJDUPLMDUWUHSDUIXPDU
PDFRQKD 6H DTXHOD HVFDGD IDODVVH VHULD XPD HQFLFORSpGLD (P
DOJXPPRPHQWR GHVGH TXH R FRQVWUXtUDP HP DTXHOH
HGLItFLR IRLOX[XRVR FRP HVFDGD GH PiUPRUH EUDQFR H
DSDUWDPHQWRV DPSORVH FRQIRUWiYHLV 6y PRUDYDP DOL
SURILVVLRQDLV H DPHULFDQRV $JRUDFDGD GLD PDLV GHVWUXtGR HUD
XP ERP PLMDGRXUR (VWDYD TXDVHWHUPLQDQGR VROWDQGR R MRUUR
FRQWUD D SDUHGH TXDQGR GH UHSHQWH DSDUHFHX (OHQLWD D ERED
7DPEpP OHPEUDYD GHOD GH VXD LQIkQFLD 'HYLD VHU TXDWUR RX
FLQFRDQRVPDLVYHOKDTXHHOH&RPRVROKRVSHUGLGRVIDODYDXP
SRXFR IDQKRVD PDV HUD XPD WUHPHQGD GH XPD ORXFD $ ERED
HVWDYDGHVFHQGRHRVXUSUHHQGHXPLMDQGR5DSLGDPHQWHHVWHQGHX
R EUDoR SDUD SHJDU VHX SDX DR PHVPRWHPSR TXH VH FRODYD DR
FRUSRGHOHHGL]LDFRPVXDYR]QDVDODGDHDOtQJXDHQURODGD
³(LDJKQDJKQHL
5H\ GHL[RXD EULQFDU SRUTXH WLQKD ERDV WHWDV H HOH DV
VHQWLDDSHUWDGDVFRQWUDVHXEUDoR$TXLORRH[FLWRX7DPEpPQmR
SHUGHX WHPSR 0HWHX D PmR GHQWUR GR YHVWLGR ODUJR H IUHVFR
GH(OHQLWD $K TXH SHQWHOKDGD DEXQGDQWH ,QWURGX]LX R GHGR
$K~PLGR&KHLURXRGHGR8IIITXHJRVWRVR7LQKDXPFKHLUR
VXDYHH DSHWLWRVR (OHQLWD YLX TXH R ELFKR HVWDYD GXUR UiSLGD H
EUXWDOPHQWHHQGXUHFLGR(FRPHoRXDODPEHU1DTXHOHLQVWDQWH
DOJXpPFRPHoRXDVXELURVSULPHLURVGHJUDXV3DUHFHTXHRHOH
YDGRU HVWDYD TXHEUDGR $R HVFXWDU SDVVRV (OHQLWD UDSLGDPHQWH
RSHJRX SHOR EUDoR H VXELX D HVFDGD DUUDVWDQGR VXD SUHVD
6XELUDPDWpRVH[WRDQGDUHHQWUDUDPQXPSHTXHQRYHVWtEXORTXH
DR PHQRVRV DEULJDYD GRV WUDQVHXQWHV GD HVFDGD $R PHVPR
WHPSRHVWDYDPDXPPHWURGDSRUWDGRDSDUWDPHQWRGH(OHQLWD
$WUDYpVGDSRUWDVXMDTXHEUDGDHQWUHDEHUWDRXYLDVHRWHOHYLVRU
HVDtDXPFKHLURLQWHQVRGHPHUGDGHJDOLQKD$EREDQmRSHUGHX
WHPSR
$EDL[RXVH QRYDPHQWH H UHWRPRX VXD WDUHID ODPEHGRUD
'HVFREULXDVGXDVSHUORQDVQDSRQWDGDJODQGHHVHHQWXVLDVPRX
(ODPHVPD LQWURGX]LX R PHPEUR 7LQKD XPD YDJLQD DFROKHGRUD
HPXLWR SHOXGD ( ERQV SHLWRV H ERD EXQGD (UD XPD ERED
FDULQKRVD EHLMDGRUD *R]DGRUD JHPLD H VXVSLUDYD 0DO WLQKD
WHUPLQDGR GH LQWURGX]LU DWp R ILP WHYH R SULPHLUR RUJDVPR
6XVSLURXH JHPHX FRPR VH HVWLYHVVHP VR]LQKRV QR PHLR GH XP
PRUUR
6HXPDULGRWDPEpPXPSRXFROLPtWURIHPHLRERERRX
PHLRORXFR QLQJXpP VDELD DR FHUWR DSDUHFHX QD SRUWD H TXDVH
VXUSUHHQGH RV GRLV 5H\ PDO WHYH WHPSR GH VH HQFRVWDU QD
SDUHGHGRODGRRSRVWR7LQKD D YR] IDQKRVD H LGLRWD LJXDO j GD
PXOKHU
³ (OHQLWD R TXH YRFr HVWi ID]HQGR Dt" &RPSURX R
FLJDUUR"
³8JKQQQQmRQmRHVWRXLQGRDJRUD
³(SRUTXHHVWiJHPHQGRWDQWR"2TXHYRFr"(VWi
FRPDOJXpPDt"(XYRX
³ $JKQQQQ QmR QmR FRQWLQXH GRUPLQGR FRQWLQXH
GRUPLQGR
³1mRHVWRXGRUPLQGR(OHQLWD(QWUH
³1mR&RQWLQXHGRUPLQGR
³(QWUH7HPXPSURJUDPDyWLPRQDWHOHYLVmR
³2TXHp"
³2QRWLFLiULR
³0HGHL[HDTXLDJKQQQ
2ERERIDORXFRPDOJXpPGHQWURGRDSDUWDPHQWR
³ 0DPmH p (OHQLWD PDV HOD QmR TXHU HQWUDU ( QmR
FRPSURXRFLJDUUR
8PDVHQKRUDPmHGDEREDVRJUDGRERERUHVSRQGHX
HPVHJXLGD
³1mRGLVFXWDP'HL[HHODVRVVHJDGD)HFKHDSRUWD
HGHL[HHODDt
2 ERER OHYRX PHLR PLQXWR SHQVDQGR QHVVD
SRVVLELOLGDGHHUHVSRQGHXGLULJLQGRVHD(OHQLWD
GDt
³%RPHVWiERPYRXIHFKDUDSRUWDPDVQmRVDLD
)LTXH Dt PHVPR H QmR JHPD PDLV (VWi GRHQGR DOJXPD
FRLVD(OHQLWD"$KQ"(VWiGRHQGRDOJXPDFRLVD"
³8JKQQXJKQQ
³(QWmRQmRJHPD1mRVDLDGDt
(IHFKRXDSRUWD$EREDHUDLQVDFLiYHO2FKmRHVWDYD
DVTXHURVRPDVHODWLURXRYHVWLGRHVWHQGHXRHFRQWLQXDUDP$
HVFDGDHDTXHOHSHTXHQRYHVWtEXORHVWDYDPHVFXURV$VSHVVRDV
URXEDYDP DV OkPSDGDV &RQWLQXDUDP WUHSDQGR QR HVFXUR
TXDVHVHP VH YHU (OHQLWD WHYH PXLWRV RUJDVPRV H HP WRGRV
VXVSLUDYD
)L]HUDP HP WRGDV DV SRVLo}HV SRVVtYHLV 2 ERER
LQWHUURPSHXYiULDVYH]HVHQWUHDEULQGRDSRUWD
³0HXDPRUHQWUH2TXHHVWiID]HQGRQDHVFDGDD
QRLWHLQWHLUD"(QWUH9HQKDGRUPLU
3RUWUiVRXYLDVHDYR]GH(OHQDGDQGRRUGHQV
³ 'HL[H (OHQLWD VRVVHJDGD TXH HOD VDEH R TXH ID]
1mRGLVFXWDPPDLV)HFKHDSRUWD
(QWmRRVXMHLWR IHFKDYD D SRUWD HHOHV FRQWLQXDYDP
WUHSDQGRSHODIUHQWHHSRUWUiV$EREDDGRUDYDOHYDUQRUDER
5H\JR]RXTXDWURYH]HV1mRDJHQWDYDPDLV6HXSDXDPROHFHX
HQmR VXELX PDLV (VWDYD FRPSOHWDPHQWH IRUD GH FRPEDWH $
IRPHRDVVRODYDHWHYHDLGpLDGHSHUJXQWDUjERED
IRPH
³9RFrWHPDOJXPDFRLVDGHFRPHU"(VWRXFRPXPD
³$KJQQDKJQQQ
(OHDSHJRXSHORSHVFRoRHDPHDoRX
³2OKHQmRVHIDoDGHEREDSRUUD9RFrVHID]GH
EREDTXDQGROKHFRQYpP9iPHEXVFDUDOJXPDFRLVDGHFRPHU
³$JKQQUDSD]PHVROWH4XHUXPIUDQJR"
³4XHUR
(OHQLWD S{V R YHVWLGR (QWURX HP FDVD H ORJR GHSRLV
VDLXGHQRYRFRPXPIUDQJRYLYRSUHVRSHODVSDWDV(QWUHJRXR
SDUD5H\$PmHHRPDULGRGH(OHQLWDWHQWDUDPGHWrOD
³(OHQLWDDRQGHYDLFRPHVVHIUDQJR"
³(OHQLWDYHQKDFi
&ULDYDP IUDQJRV QR EDQKHLUR 7LQKDP TXDVH YLQWH
7RGRVJUDQGHVHERQVSDUDFRPHU5H\SHJRXRIUDQJR$ERED
IRLVHGHVSHGLUFRPXPEHLMRHXPDEUDoR1mRWLQKDWHPSRSDUD
GHVSHGLGDV 5H\ GHVFHX D HVFDGD FRPR XP UDLR FRP R IUDQJR
QDPmR2XYLDPVHRVJULWRVGH(OHQLWD
PXOKHU
³ 1mR VHMD DQLPDO 1mR DEXVH GH PLP TXH VRX
$KJQQ DKJQQQ (X DPR YRFr PXLWR 7LWR DPR YRFr
PXLWR
(DPmHLQWHUIHULQGR
³ 9RFrV GRLV HVWmR DFDEDQGR FRP D PLQKD YLGD
(VWmR DFDEDQGR FRP D PLQKD YLGD 7LWR GHL[H HOD HP SD] QmR
DEXVHPDLVGDPHQLQD-iFKHJD
1XPPLQXWR5H\FKHJRXjUXD6XDSULPHLUDLQWHQomR
HUDLU DQGDQGR WUDQTLODPHQWH DWp -HVXV 0DULD H FR]LQKDU R
IUDQJRFRP0DJGDOHQD0DVQDTXHOHPRPHQWRDPmHGH(OHQLWD
DSDUHFHX QXPD VDFDGD H Oi GR VH[WR DQGDU DFLPD GD UXD 6DQ
/i]DURFRPHoRXDFKDPDUDSROtFLD
³ 3HJD SHJD 3ROtFLD HOH URXERX XP IUDQJR URXERX
XPIUDQJR 3ROtFLD 1D KRUD TXH D JHQWH SUHFLVD QmR DSDUHFH
XPDSRUFDULD GH SROLFLDO 2QGH p TXH HVWi D SROtFLD" 3HJD HOH
URXERXXPIUDQJR
$R HVFXWDU DTXLOR 5H\ VDLX FRUUHQGR SDUD R SRQWR GH
{QLEXV QD 0DQULTXH 1HVVH PRPHQWR SDVVRX XP {QLEXV 8P
WURSHO GH JHQWH LQTXLHWD VXELX $OJXpP GLVVH TXH LD SDUD
*XDQDER
5H\VXELXWDPEpP4XDQGRRFRQGXWRUYHLRFREUDU5H\
JDJXHMRX XP SRXFR 6DELD TXH LDP ID]rOR GHVFHU $ VHX ODGR
HVWDYDXP KRPHP YHVWLGR GH PRGR WmR GHVXVDGR WmR FRUUHWR H
FRQYHQFLRQDO TXH SDUHFLD XP SDVWRU SURWHVWDQWH GR LQWHULRU
5H\GLVVHDRFRQGXWRU
³5DSD]PHGiXPDFKDQFHDWpDOLDGLDQWH(TXHHX
QmRWHQKRGLQKHLUR
³1mRQmR6HQmRSDJDUGHVFHDTXLPHVPR
2SDVWRUSURWHVWDQWHLQWHUURPSHXDFRQYHUVD
³8PPRPHQWRQmRGHVoDQmR(XSDJRSDUDHOH
5H\ ILFRX DJUDGHFLGR SRU DTXHOD ERQGDGH LQHVSHUDGD
3HUWXUERXVH H QmR FRQVHJXLX QHP DJUDGHFHU 2OKRX SDUD R
FKmRHIRLSDUDRIXQGRGR{QLEXV
(UD EHP GH QRLWH 7DOYH] GH] RQ]H PHLDQRLWH 5H\
QXQFDVHSUHRFXSDYDHPVDEHUDVKRUDVRGLDRPrV3DUDHOHHUD
WXGRD PHVPD FRLVD $ QRLWH HVWDYD HVFXUD 5H\ GHVFHX HP
*XDQDERQD~OWLPDSDUDGD3HQVRXHPLUDWpDSUDLD ID]HU XPD
IRJXHLUDHDVVDUVHXIUDQJR1RUHIRUPDWyULRIH]LVVRYiULDVYH]HV
FRPSDWRVFRHOKRVIUDQJRVHJDWRV3UHFLVDYD GH VDO HOLPmR $
SUDLDHVWDYD GHVHUWD H HVFXUD PDV KDYLD XP TXLRVTXH DLQGD
DEHUWR
'RLVVXMHLWRVHGXDVSXWDVEHELDPFHUYHMDVHQWDGRVDXPD
PHVDQD IUHQWH GR TXLRVTXH 1mR KDYLD PDLV FOLHQWHV QHP
QLQJXpPPDLV HP SDUWH DOJXPD 6y DTXHOD OX] QD SUDLD HQRUPH
H[WHQVDH QHJUD 'RLV HPSUHJDGRV DWUiV GR EDOFmR 5H\ VH
DSUR[LPRX
(VWDYDFHUWRGHTXHRPDQGDULDPHPERUDFRPRVHPSUH
0DVQmR $FKDUDP JUDoD QDTXHOH VXMHLWR SHGLQGR VDO SDUD
FR]LQKDUVHXIUDQJXLQKRHGHUDPULVDGD
³3RUUDFDUDYRFrVLPTXHpEDWDOKDGRUeLVVRDt
2 EDOFRQLVWD WURX[H VDO PRVWDUGD H FDWFKXS QXP SUDWR
SOiVWLFR H GHX D HOH 5H\ IRL HPERUD IHOL] 3URFXURX XQV JDOKRV
VHFRVHSUHSDURXDIRJXHLUD$UUHEHQWRXDFDEHoDGRIUDQJRFRP
XPDSHGUD GHSHQRXR OLPSRX DV WULSDV QD iJXD GR PDU
(VIUHJRXRVDODPRVWDUGDHRFDWFKXS(QWmROHPEURXTXHQmR
WLQKDIyVIRUR9ROWRXDRTXLRVTXH2VXMHLWRRDMXGRXDDFHQGHU
GRLVSDXV
'H ERD YRQWDGH (VWDYD HQWHGLDGR H SHOR PHQRV VH
GLYHUWLDFRPDTXHOHYDJDEXQGRODGUmRGHJDOLQKD
2 DVVDGR ILFRX SHUIHLWR 'HSRLV GR MDQWDU 5H\ VDLX
DQGDQGR SHOD SUDLD (VWDYD FDQVDGR 2XYLD R VXDYH UXPRU GDV
RQGDVVREUHDDUHLD1mRKDYLDEULVDHID]LDPXLWRFDORU7LURXRV
WrQLVH SLVRX QD DUHLD ~PLGD QD iJXD FiOLGD 7LURX R VKRUW
'HL[RXWXGR MRJDGR QD DUHLD H HQWURX QR PDU WRWDOPHQWH QX $
iJXDPRUQD H QHJUD R URGHDYD 7HYH XPD VHQVDomR HVWUDQKD H
YROXSWXRVD )HFKRX RV ROKRV H VHQWLXVH DEUDoDGR SHOD PRUWH
1mRKDYLDEULVDQHQKXPD$iJXDTXHQWHDHVFXULGmRLQILQLWDTXH
RURGHDYD 2 WHUURU GH VH DIRJDU SRUTXH QmR VDELD QDGDU
0DQWHYHRVROKRVIHFKDGRVHVHDEDQGRQRXIOXWXDQGRGHEUXoRV
FRP RURVWR GHQWUR GD iJXD 6HQWLXVH DWUDtGR SRU DTXHOD
VHQVDomRGHOLFLRVDGHLUHPERUDSDUDVHPSUH
)LFRXXPWHPSRDVVLP)OXWXDQGR6yWLUDYDRURVWRGH
GHQWUR GD iJXD SDUD UHVSLUDU H YROWDU D VH DEDQGRQDU )LFRX
WHQWDGRDQmRUHVSLUDUPDLV'HL[DURURVWRGHEDL[RGDiJXD1mR
UHVSLUDU $IXQGDU QD iJXD QHJUD $IXQGDU QR VLOrQFLR $IXQGDU
QRYD]LR'HUHSHQWHXPFRUSRIULRHVFRUUHJDGLRGXURURoRX
OKHRV SpV H DV SHUQDV (UD XP SHL[H JUDQGH H IRUWH 1DGDYD
VLOHQFLRVD H UDSLGDPHQWH H RXVDUD DSUR[LPDUVH GD SUDLD 5RoRX
HPVHX FRUSR GXUDQWH XP LQVWDQWH TXH SDUD 5H\ SDUHFHX XP
VpFXOR$WHUURUL]DGR5H\VHS{VGHSp7RFRXDDUHLDGRIXQGR
FRPRVSpVHVDLXFRUUHQGRSDUDDSUDLD(VWDYDFRPiJXDSHOD
FLQWXUD RX SRXFR PDLV 2 SHL[H WHULD WHPSR SDUD SHUVHJXLOR H
GHYRUiOR QR HVFXUR ( 5H\ OXWRX &RP R FRUDomR GLVSDUDGR
VDLQGRSHODERFDFKHJRXDRILPGDiJXDHVHDWLURXGHFRVWDVQD
DUHLDWUHPHQGRGHSDYRU
$SUDLDHUDXPERPOXJDUSDUDYLYHU3RGLDVHGRUPLU
QDDUHLD HPERUD DOJXPDV YH]HV RV PRVTXLWRV ILFDVVHP
LQVXSRUWiYHLV 0DV QHP VHPSUH +DYLD SRXFRV SROLFLDLV H HP
JHUDOQmRLQFRPRGDYDP1RVUHFLSLHQWHVGHOL[RGRVTXLRVTXHVVH
HQFRQWUDYDP UHVWRV IUHVFRV H DSHWLWRVRV GH SmHV H IULRV 1R
PtQLPR DVSHVVRDV VRUULDP UHOD[DGDV H GDYDP HVPRODV 6HP R
VDQWR 1mRHUD QHFHVViULR 5H\ VH DSUR[LPDYD H SHGLD H PXLWRV
OKH GDYDPPRHGDV 9LYHX YiULRV GLDV GDQGR YROWDV QD DUHLD
VHPSUHH[SRVWRjLQWHPSpULH4XDQGRRVRODSHUWDYDSURWHJLDVH
j VRPEUD GHXQV FRTXHLURV 8P GLD j WDUGH FKHJDUDP XQV
PHQLQRV GHVDUUXPDGRV PDJURV VXMRV Vy GH VKRUW H DOSDUJDWDV
YHOKDV H UDVJDGDV 8P GHOHV VXELX QXP FRTXHLUR H MRJRX RLWR
FRFRVQDDUHLD
5H\ VH DSUR[LPRX %HEHUDP iJXDGHFRFR H FRPHUDP D
SROSDEUDQFD 8QV LWDOLDQRV DSDUHFHUDP SDUD REVHUYDU H RV
PHQLQRVWHQWDUDP YHQGHU XQV FRFRV 2V LWDOLDQRV QmR TXHULDP
FRPSUDUFRFRV6yROKDYDPHVRUULDP2VPHQLQRVMiWLQKDPXQV
FDWRU]H DQRV H QmR XVDYDP FXHFD 5H\ FRPHX SROSD H WRPRX
iJXDGHFRFR DWp DUUHEHQWDU 'HSRLV DMXGRX R IXQFLRQiULR GH
XPDEDUUDFDPXLWRVLPSiWLFD
HUDXPDJUDQGHODWDGHUHIULJHUDQWH
2 VXMHLWR GHQWUR GD ODWD SDUHFLD XPD EDFWpULD GHQWUR GR
UHIUHVFR 9HQGLD PXLWR H SUHFLVDYD GH DOJXpP TXH UHFROKHVVH RV
SUDWRV H FRSRV SOiVWLFRV DV ODWDV GH FHUYHMD RV JXDUGDQDSRV RV
UHVWRV GH FRPLGD H WRGD D SRUFDULD TXH RV FOLHQWHV
MRJDYDPWUDQTLODPHQWHQDDUHLD(PWURFDGDYDOKHDOJXPDFRLVD
GHFRPHU 5H\ JRVWRX GHVVH QHJRFLQKR 5HFROKLD R OL[R H GH
TXHEUDSHGLDXPDVPRHGDV2VROTXHLPDYDGXURÉVYH]HVGDYD
YRQWDGH GH HQWUDU QR PDU H VH UHIUHVFDU XP SRQFR 0DV QmR
VHDWUHYLD 'H QRLWH DFRPRGDYDVH ORQJH GD iJXD HP FLPD GH
XQVSDSHO}HV QD DUHLD PDFLD GDV GXQDV ( GRUPLD VHP
SUHRFXSDo}HVGHEDL[RGDVHVWUHODVDRDUOLYUH3DVVRXGLDVDVVLP
7DOYH]VHPDQDV $Wp TXH FKHJRX ³ FRPR VHPSUH ³ D PDOGLWD
WHQWDomR 1mR HP IRUPD GH VHUSHQWH H PDom PDV FRPR XPD
FDPLVDXQVyFXORVHVFXURVDOJXPGLQKHLURQREROVRXPFKDSpX
GHSDQR H XP FKLQHOR GH ERUUDFKD 7XGR FRORFDGR DR Sp GH
XPFRTXHLUR GXUDQWH GXDV KRUDV 5H\ UHVLVWLQGR j WHQWDomR
7LQKDSHUGLGR D FDPLVD QD YLDJHP GH 0DWDQ]DV 4XH ID]HU"
5HFROKLDR OL[R HP YROWD 2OKDYD D FDPLVD 2 GRQR GHYLD HVWDU
QDGDQGR
)LQDOPHQWHDVHUSHQWHYHQFHX
SHJRX WXGR WUDQTLODPHQWHIH] XPD WURX[D EHP
DSHUWDGDHVDLXDQGDQGRSDUDDDYHQLGD
$JRUDWLQKDGHVXPLUGDOL$QGRXPDLVGHXPTXLO{PHWUR
&RQWRX R GLQKHLUR TXH HQFRQWUDUD QR EROVR GD FDPLVD
2LWRGyODUHV9HVWLXDFDPLVDHS{VRVyFXORVHVFXURVRFKDSpX
QRYR
2IHUHFHXXPGyODUDXPWD[LVWD9LQWHPLQXWRVGHSRLVR
FDUURFRUULDSHORW~QHOGDEDtD(5H\IHOL]6HQWLDVHPXLWREHP
´25HL GH +DYDQD FRP VHWH GyODUHV QR EROVR H GH Wi[L
LPSHWXRVRH YHOR] FRPR R FDYDOR GH *XDLWDEyRRRR WDUL Um
UiDDDµFDQWRXPHQWDOPHQWHHVRUULX
'HVFHXQD3UDGRHGLVVHSDUDVLPHVPR
´$JRUD VLP YRXSURFXUDU D 0DJGD H D FRQYLGR SDUD
FRPHU IUDQJR IULWR EDWDWD HFHUYHMD (X R EDFDQD KDKDKDµ
3HJRX D $QLPDV ( HQFRQWURX XP EDU 6HQWLDVH WmR EHP TXH
SUHFLVDYDGHXPWUDJRGHUXP(QWURXHSHGLXXPGXSOR3DJRX
(UDXPSHUIHLWRVHQKRUFRPVXDFDPLVDOLPSDHVHXVFKDPDWLYRV
yFXORVHVFXURV$SRLRXVHQREDOFmR ROKDQGR D UXD 2&DFDUHR
HVWDYD DOL (UD XP YHOKLQKR PHLR PXODWR PHLR tQGLR VHPSUH
ErEDGR TXH WLQKD XPDFDUURFLQKD FRQVWUXtGD SRU HOH PHVPR
$SDUHQWHPHQWHWUDQVSRUWDYDGHWXGR1DYHUGDGHQmRDJHQWDYD
QDGD
D IRPH R iOFRRO RV DQRV KDYLDP OLTXLGDGR FRP HOH
3HGLD XP JROLQKR GH UXPSDUD WRGR PXQGR 1mR SHGLD QHP
GLQKHLURQHPFRPLGD­VYH]HVSDUDJDQKDUXPWUDJRFDQWDYDRX
EHUUDYD XP SHGDoR GHDOJXP EROHUR RX GH XPD JXDUDFKD
&DFDUHRGHL[RXDFDUURFLQKDQDUXDHDSUR[LPRXVHGH5H\HGH
RXWURKRPHPRVGRLVEHEHQGRUXP(UDPRV~QLFRVFOLHQWHV2
YHOKR SHTXHQRPDJUR OLJHLUR YHVWLGR GH IDUUDSRV FRORULGRV
VRUULX GH RUHOKD DRUHOKD H HQWRRX XPD UXPELQKD DFRPSDQKDGD
GH XQV SDVVLQKRVYDJDEXQGRV 1R ILP HVWHQGHX XPD ODWD SDUD
TXHGHVSHMDVVHPXPSRXTXLQKRGHUXP(UDXPEXImRSDWpWLFRH
ULGtFXOR8PSHQVDPHQWRDWUDYHVVRXRFpUHEURGH5H\
´9RX VHU DVVLP TXDQGR ILFDU YHOKR 8P SDOKDoR GH
PHUGDµ 6HQWLX XPD UDLYD LQFRQWUROiYHO H VHOYDJHP (VSDWLIRX R
FRSR QR FKmR HPSXUURX R YHOKRFRP WDQWD YLROrQFLD TXH R
GHUUXERXGHFRVWDV(VDLXGREDUHPJUDQGHVSDVVRV1HPRXYLX
RJDUoRPTXHOKHGL]LD
´ÑHVWiPDOXFR"7HPTXHSDJDURFRSRµ
0DJGDGHYLDHVWDUFRPRVFDUWXFKRVGHDPHQGRLPQR
SRQWRGHFDPHOR(IRLSDUDOi'HYLDPVHUXPDVFLQFRGDWDUGH
$ VHQODGR SDVVRX XP VXMHLWR FRUUHQGR HOHJDQWHPHQWH /RLUR
EUDQFRDOWR EHP DOLPHQWDGR 8P H[FHOHQWH H[HPSODU GH DULDQR
ID]HQGR MRJJLQJ HQWUH RV HVFRPEURV &RP D PHOKRU URXSD
HVSRUWLYDH FDURV WrQLV GD PHOKRU PDUFD (YLGHQWHPHQWH QmR
WLQKD HQWHQGLGR SRUUD QHQKXPD 'REURX D &DPSDQiULR HP
GLUHomR DR0DOHFyQ WURWDQGR SHOR PHLR GD UXD 1R DoRXJXH GD
$QLPDVFRP &DPSDQiULR KDYLD XP PDJRWH GH XPDV WULQWD RX
TXDUHQWDSHVVRDV HVSHUDQGR D VXD FRWD GH SLFDGLQKR GH VRMD
$OJXpPGLVVH
µ2OKDHVVHFDUDHVWiORXFRµ8PDVHQKRUDUHVSRQGHX
´/RXFRVHVWDPRV QyV TXH QmR WHPRV IRUoD QHP SUD
FRUUHUSUDSHJDUR{QLEXVµ2XWUDPXOKHUWDPEpPPHWHXDFROKHU
WRUWDFRPH[SUHVVmRGHDPDUJXUD
´(FRQWLQXDPRVFRPHQGRPHUGDDTXLHPYH]GHLUSDUD
D FDVD GR FDUDOKRµ 2V RXWURV SUXGHQWHPHQWH PDQWLYHUDP D
ERFDIHFKDGD
5H\ YLX R HVWUDQJHLUR ORLUR FRUUHQGR FRP JDOKDUGLD
RVWHQVLYDPHQWHQRPHLRGDPLVpULDRXYLXRVFRPHQWiULRV1mR
HQWHQGHXQDGD&RQWLQXRXDWpRKRVSLWDO1DIUHQWHGDFDSHODGH
/D0LODJURVDKDYLDXPVXMHLWRFDtGRQRFKmR(UDXPGHVDVWUH
3ROLRPLHOLWH WDOYH] $SDUHQWHPHQWH GRUPLQGR RX
LQFRQVFLHQWH 7LQKD XP SHGDoR GH SOiVWLFR HVWHQGLGR QR FKmR
FRPXPSHTXHQRVmR/i]DURPXLWDVPRHGDVHXPOHWUHLUR
(67$ e 0,1+$ Ó/7,0$ 3520(6$ $ 0(8
3$,6$1/É=$527(1+2 (1-Ñ2 (025Ð,'$ (
0,1+$'2(1d$
7((0,12(,$+2-(
( YR 35Ð 5,1&®2 $-8'( ( 6$Ó'( 3$5$ 72'263520(6$3$5$5(63(,7$
$V SHVVRDV OLDP DTXHOH OHWUHLUR 7RGRV VH FRQGRtDP
GDTXHOHIDUUDSRKXPDQR$OJXQVGHSRVLWDYDPPRHGDVHID]LDPR
VLQDOGDFUX]5H\WLURXVXDVFRQFOXV}HV
´(VWH VLP p SHLWXGR 9RXID]HU XP OHWUHLUR PHOKRU TXH
HVVH SDUD PLP 8KPPP HWHQKR GH UHWRUFHU XP SRXFR
XKPP DFKR TXH D 0DJGD WDPEpP QmR VDEH HVFUHYHU PXLWR H
HVVH OHWUHLUR HVWi EHPIHLWR 9DPRV YHU TXHP YDL ID]HU
XKPPPµ
3HQVDQGR FRPR ID]HU XP OHWUHLUR WmR SHUIHLWR FRPR
DTXHOH VHQWRXVH QD HVFDGD GH HQWUDGD GD FDSHOD 'LVWUDLXVH
ROKDQGRDVSHVVRDV0DJGDVHQWRXVHDVHXODGRVRUULGHQWHFRP
RVFDUWXFKRVQDPmR
³3URFXUDQGRRTXHSRUDTXLQHQpP"
5H\VHVXUSUHHQGHX
(KKK
³$VVXVWRX"
³1mR
³3URFXUDQGRRTXr"
³&RPRSURFXUDQGRRTXr"9RFrVXPLXGDTXL2QGH
pTXHDQGDYD"
3RUDt
³&RPRSRUDt"2TXHYRFrDQGDID]HQGR0DJGD"
³(HXXX"0HQLQRYRFrpFRUDMRVRKHLQ"
³3RUTXr"
³ 3RUTXH p 6XPLX GHVGH QmR VHL TXDQGR H DJRUD
DSDUHFHSUDPHSURFXUDUH[LJLQGRID]HQGRSRVHGHPDULGR
³9RFrQmRVDEHQRTXHHX
³)RLSUHVR"
³1mRPDVPHHQUROHLHQmRSRGLD
³9RFrpXPGHVFDUDGR5H\(XYRXPHPDQGDU(
QmRYHQKDDWUiVGHPLPTXHQmRTXHURFHQDQRPHLRGDUXD
³0DVHVFXWHHVWiPDOXFDp"
³(XGLVVHTXHYRXPHPDQGDUHTXHpSUDYRFrQmR
PHVHJXLU 1HP WHQWH VH ID]HU GH YDOHQWmR FRPLJR TXH HX
HQFKRHVVD VXD FDUD JUDQGH GH SRUUDGD ( GHSRLV HQWUHJR YRFr
SDUD D 5H\ VH HQIXUHFHX 7LQKD YRQWDGH GH SHJiOD SHOR
SHVFRoR
&RQVHJXLXVHFRQWURODU
³0DJGDYDPRVFRQYHUVDU
IUHQWH
³ 4XH FRQYHUVDU SRUUD QHQKXPD VXPD GD PLQKD
³0HGLJDSHORPHQRV
³ $FDERX 5H\ 9RFr QmR p GH QDGD (X SUHFLVR GH
XPKRPHP +RPHP 4XH PH DMXGH TXH IDoD DOJXPD FRLVD
SRUPLP
³0DVHXSRVVR
³ 9RFr QmR SRGH PHUGD QHQKXPD ( XPD ERVWD GH
XPPHQLQR7FKDX
0DJGDIRLHPERUD5H\SDVVRXGDI~ULDDRGHVFRQFHUWR
HGDt j WULVWH]D 'H UHSHQWH VHQWLXVH DEDQGRQDGR VROLWiULR
VHPDSRLR ( OKH EURWDUDP DOJXPDV OiJULPDV 1mR XP FKRUR
FRSLRVR$SHQDVXPDVOiJULPDV)RL LQYDGLGR SRU XPD VHQVDomR
GHYD]LR H VROLGmR ( VDLX DQGDQGR VHP UXPR 'HSULPLGR
FRPYRQWDGHGHPRUUHU0DLVGHXPDYH]SHQVRX
´3RU TXH QmR PHDIRJXHL DTXHOD QRLWH QD SUDLD"µ
4XDQGR VH FDQVRX GH FDPLQKDUVHQWRXVH QR EDWHQWH GH XPD
SRUWD $ QRLWH HVWDYD EHP DYDQoDGD 3RXFDV SHVVRDV SRU DOL
$FRPRGRXVHXPSRXFRHGRUPLX
1R GLD VHJXLQWH jV VHLV GD PDQKm XPD VHQKRUD DOWD H
PDJUDGH VHVVHQWD H WUrV DQRV FRP R FDEHOR EHP WLQJLGR GH
QHJURHJUDQGHVDUJRODVQDVRUHOKDVFRPWRGDDSLQWDGHFLJDQD
DEULXDSRUWD7UD]LDXPEDOGHGHiJXDHHUYDV7LQKD´OLPSDGRµR
TXDUWR GH VHXV VDQWRV H FRQVXOWDV 6HPSUH VREUDYD XP HQFRVWR
TXDQGR VH WUDEDOKDYD FRP HVStULWRV H VH FRQVXOWDYD WDQWD JHQWH
WRGRGLD (VVD HUD D URWLQD GLiULD GH 'DLV\ D FLJDQD /LPSDU R
TXDUWRH WRGD D FDVD UHFROKHU R TXH HUD PDX MRJDU IRUD QD UXD
MXQWRFRP D iJXD GR EDOGH 3HUIXPDU D FDVD S{U IORUHV SDUD RV
VDQWRVVDXGDU RV RUL[iV FRP FDFKDoD PHO IXPDoD GH WDEDFR
DOJXPDIUXWDRTXHSHGLVVHP(UDSUHFLVRPDQWrORVFRQWHQWHV(
VH SUHSDUDU SDUD DV FRQVXOWDV 7LQKD FHUWR SUHVWtJLR H
SRSXODULGDGHFRPR FDUWRPDQWH 9LQKDP GH FLQFR D GH] SHVVRDV
WRGRGLD
4XHULDP VDEHU R IXWXUR H WHQWDU FRUULJLOR D VHX IDYRU
FRP RVUHPpGLRV H FRQVHOKRV GH 'DLV\ HPERUD HOD VHPSUH
GLVVHVVH
´(XQmR PDQGR QDGD 1mR VHL QHP SDUD TXH VHUYH D
FDPRPLOD(DFLJDQD5RVDTXHPIDOD(XQmRVHLRTXHHODGLVVHD
YRFrµ
4XDVH MRJRX D iJXD HP FLPD GH 5H\ 6XUSUHHQGHXVH
GHYHUDTXHOHVXMHLWRGRUPLQGRHPVXDSRUWD
³ (L R TXH p LVVR" Ñ VDL GD PLQKD SRUWD 9i Yi
HPERUDGDTXL
5H\GHVSHUWRXFRPRFRUSRGRORULGR$LQGDPDLVWULVWH
TXHQD QRLWH DQWHULRU 7DQWR ID]LD 1mR VH PH[HX 'DLV\ VH
]DQJRXHHPSXUURXRFRPRSp
³9iVDLDGDPLQKDSRUWD
5H\ VH DUUDVWRX XP SRXFR SDUD D GLUHLWD SDUD VDLU GD
SRUWD
$OLILFRXVHQWDGRQDFDOoDGDHQFRVWDGRQDSDUHGH'DLV\
MRJRXDiJXDTXHRVDOSLFRXXPSRXFR)H]VXDRUDomRHHQWURX
GHQRYR 5H\ VH DFKDYD HP HVWDGR GH WRWDO DEDQGRQR 1mR VH
PH[HXGDOL R GLD LQWHLUR 6y TXHULD PRUUHU 'DLV\ GHGLFRXVH D
VXDV FRQVXOWDV H HVTXHFHX DTXHOH VXMHLWR 'H QRLWH jV RLWR VDLX
DWpDSRUWDSDUDVHGHVSHGLUGD~OWLPDFOLHQWH
XPD VHQKRUD GR FDPSRTXH VHPSUH OKH WUD]LD IUDQJRV
DUUR] IHLMmR UpVWLDV GH DOKR HDOpP GLVVR SDJDYD EHP (OD D
DWHQGLD H D VHQKRUD HUD ILHO jV SUHYLV}HV H UHPpGLRV GD FLJDQD
'DLV\ DFHQGHX XP FLJDUUR GHX XPEHLMR QR URVWR GD FOLHQWH H
ILFRXXPLQVWDQWHQDSRUWDVROWDQGRIXPDoDHWHQWDQGRUHIUHVFDU
XP SRXFR D FDEHoD *DQKDYD ERPGLQKHLUR PDV DFDEDYD
HVJRWDGD WRGRV RV GLDV 2 VXMHLWR FRQWLQXDYD DWLUDGR QD FDOoDGD
2EVHUYRXR(VWDYDVXMRHPERUDQmRPDOYHVWLGR
³(VFXWHUDSD]YRFrQmRpPRoRGHPDLVSDUDILFDU
MRJDGRDtQmR"2TXHIRL"(VWiErEDGR"
5H\KDYLDVHGHVOLJDGRGHWXGR(QmRWLQKDYRQWDGHGH
UHVSRQGHU 1mR VHQWLD PDLV QHP IRPH QHP VHGH 'DLV\
FRQWLQXRXLQVLVWLQGR FRP VXDV SHUJXQWDV 5H\ QmR UHVSRQGHX
0DV5RVDVXVVXUURXQRRXYLGRGHOD
´1mRGHL[HHVVHDtDEDQGRQDGR$MXGHµ(RTXH5RVD
GL]LDHUDVDJUDGR'DLV\RDMXGRXDOHYDQWDU
'HXOKHDSRLRFRPRRPEURHHQWURXQDFDVD1REDU
HP IUHQWH QD HVTXLQD GD 9LUWXGHV FRP ÉJXLOD GRLV YL]LQKRV
EHELDPUXPHREVHUYDYDPDFHQDGDFLJDQDFRPRYDJDEXQGR
³ (UD R TXH IDOWDYD SDUD D FDUWRPDQWH $QWHV
UHFROKLDFDFKRUURVHJDWRVYLUDODWDV$JRUDUHFROKHPHQGLJRV
³(JRVWRVDHVVDFLJDQD'HYLDPHUHFROKHUWDPEpP
³ (VWi PDJUD H YHOKD ERP FODUR SRU LVVR TXH
FKDPDPYRFrGH´FKXSDYHOKDµ
³ 1mR PHX DPLJR QmR QDGD GH DSHOLGR TXH HX
UHVSHLWRYRFr
³+DKDKDKD
JUDQD
³(VWiYHOKDPDVDLQGDHVWiHPIRUPD(FRPFDVDH
³$FKDTXHWHPJUDQD"
³&ODUR3RLVWRGRGLDGHYHWHUXPDVYLQWHFRQVXOWDV
6HPHUHFROKHVVHHXLDYLYHUIHLWRXPUHL
³3RUUDVHYRFrTXHUWDQWRSRUTXHQmRGiHPFLPD"
³(ODQmRPHGiEROD3DVWRXDWUiVGHODID]DQRVPDV
VHPSUHPHHVFDSDHQWUHRVGHGRV
'DLV\ IHFKRX D SRUWD 5H\ HVWDYD PXLWR IUDFR H
HVJRWDGRPDV GH TXDOTXHU MHLWR HOD QmR DJHQWDYD FRP HOH
'HL[RXR QRFKmR 3HOR PHQRV DJRUD HVWDYD GH ROKRV DEHUWRV
'HXOKH XPFRSR GH iJXD FRP Do~FDU 5H\ VH UHFXSHURX XP
SRXFR
³(VWiIHULGRHVWiGRHQWHDOJXPDFRLVD"
1mR
³&RPRVHFKDPD"
5H\
³(XPHFKDPR'DLV\9RXHVTXHQWDUiJXDSDUDYRFr
WRPDUEDQKRHIDoRFRPLGDSDUDQyVGRLV
³3RUTXHHVWiID]HQGRLVVR"
³3HORVVDQWRV0HPDQGDUDPID]HU
³(XHXTXHURPRUUHU
³ 1mR IDOH DVVLP H QmR GHVLVWD TXH p UXLP 9i Yi
6XEDWRPDUEDQKR
5H\ QmR WHYH IRUoDV SDUD VH RSRU DR EDQKR (UD XP
FDVDUmRJUDQGHGRVpFXOR;,;&RORQLDOFRPJURVVDVSDUHGHVGH
FDQWDULDHSpGLUHLWRPXLWRDOWR7LQKDVDJXmRVDODVDOHWDTXDWUR
TXDUWRV7XGRGHVSURSRUFLRQDOPHQWHJUDQGH 8P SiWLR ODUJR DR
ORQJRGRVTXDWURGRUPLWyULRV1RIXQGRXPDFR]LQKDLPHQVDD
VDODGH MDQWDU H R EDQKHLUR 'DLV\ HUD PDWHUQDO ( IRUQHFHXOKH
VDEmRWRDOKDFDOoDVFXHFDVPHLDVFDPLVHWD7XGRGRH[pUFLWR
(UDYL~YDGHXPRILFLDOID]LDDQRV*XDUGDYDWXGR
JRUURV ERWDVPHGDOKDV FRQGHFRUDo}HV GH EURQ]H
GLSORPDV WURIpXV 4XDQGRWLQKD DOJXP MRYHP HP FDVD ³
DGRUDYD RV MRYHQV PDV WRPDYDPXLWR FXLGDGR FRP DV OtQJXDV
YLSHULQDVGDYL]LQKDQoD³RSURWHJLDHREVHTXLDYDFRPDTXHOHV
IHWLFKHV$VVLPGLVVROYLDSRXFRDSRXFRDOHPEUDQoDGRGHIXQWR
TXH IRL VHPSUH VHX PDFKRSDL HVSRVR DPLJR SURWHWRU GRQR
TXH D HPSUHQKRX H D IH] SDULUTXDWUR YH]HV )RL VHX WXGR $
JUDQGHORXFXUDGRVGRLVHUDWUHSDUFRPHOHGHIDUGDHUHYyOYHUQR
FLQWR 6y WLUDYD SDUD IRUD R SDX HR VDFR SHOD EUDJXLOKD ,VVR
VHPSUH DUUHEDWRX 'DLV\ 0RUUHX FRPFLQTHQWD DQRV DSHQDV H
WXGRVHDFDERXDEUXSWDPHQWH'HVGHHQWmR'DLV\FRPHoRXDVHU
FDGDGLDPDLVFLJDQD0DLVHPDLVFLJDQD8PDFRLVDLUUHVLVWtYHO
9LYLDVR]LQKDQDTXHOHFDVDUmR
7UrV ILOKRV HP 0LDPL RXWUR YLYLD FRP D HVSRVD H HOD
SHUGLGDDOLFRPRVVDQWRVHRHVStULWRSHUPDQHQWHGH5RVDDOKH
PXUPXUDUQRRXYLGR
4XDQGR5H\VDLXGREDQKRHUDRXWUDFRLVD'DLV\OKH
SUHSDURXXPDFRPLGDGHFHQWH
DUUR]IHLMmRSUHWRFDUQHHQVRSDGDEDQDQDPDGXUDIULWD
VDODGDGHDEDFDWHIHLMmREUDQFRHDEDFD[LiJXDJHODGDHFDIp
³4XHUXPFKDUXWRHXPDGRVHGHUXP"
³4XHUR
3HOD SULPHLUD YH] QD YLGD 5H\ VHQWLXVH XPD SHVVRD
1XQFDWLQKDFRPLGRGDTXHOHMHLWRFRPDTXHOHWHPSHURHDOpP
GLVVRVHQWDGRDXPDPHVD&RPLDVHPSUHFRPRSUDWRQDPmR
1XQFDWLYHUDDVHXODGRXPDPXOKHUOLPSDFKHLUDQGRDSHUIXPHV
H FRO{QLDV QXPD FDVD WmR JUDQGH FRP VDQWRV H IORUHV TXH R
PLPDYDGDTXHOHMHLWR$TXLORHUDLQFUtYHO&RPRSRGLDDFRQWHFHU
FRPHOH"
³4XHLGDGHYRFrWHP5H\"
³(KPPP
³-iYDLPHQWLU'LJDDYHUGDGH
³'H]HVVHWH
³(XLPDJLQDYD
³3RUTXr"
³3DUHFHWULQWDPDVMiVDELDTXHHUDXPPHQLQR
7ULQWD"
³$YLGDRPDOWUDWRXXPSRXTXLQKR
³3RGHVHU
³2XYRFrPDOWUDWRXDYLGDTXHPVDEH
'DLV\DFHQGHXXPFLJDUURHIXPDUDPHPVLOrQFLRXP
PRPHQWR(ODDSDJRXDJXLPEDQRFLQ]HLURHROKRXSDUDHOH
³'H]HVVHWHDQRV
1mR FRQVHJXLX UHVLVWLU PDLV )RL DWp HOH H EHLMRXR
$EUDoRXR(OHUHWULEXLX4XDQGRVHVHQWLXFRUUHVSRQGLGDHODVH
H[SDQGLXXPSRXFRPDLV
OLQGR
³ $L PXODWR SRU 'HXV TXH ERQLWR YRFr p TXH
5H\WHQWRXUHWULEXLURHQWXVLDVPRPDVQmRWHYH XPD
HUHomR 0XLWR FKHLUR GH VDEmR H SHUIXPHV 2 SDX Vy OKH
LQFKRXXPSRXFR'HPRPHQWR'DLV\VHFRQWHQWRXFRPLVVRH
³ FRPRDFRQWHFLD VHPSUH FRP WRGDV DV PXOKHUHV ³ TXDQGR
GHVFREULXDVSpURODVQDSRQWDGDJODQGHILFRXDUUHEDWDGD5H\IH]
XPJHVWRSDUDVHGHVSLU(ODRLPSHGLX
³ 1mR QmR 'H URXSD 1mR WLUH D URXSD %DL[H R
]tSHU9RXEXVFDURUHYyOYHU
³5HYyOYHU"3DUDTXr"
³3DUDYRFrS{UQDFLQWXUDHWUHSDUFRP5RVD
³ 4XH p LVVR" 1mR HVWRX HQWHQGHQGR QDGD (X QmR
JRVWRGHUHYyOYHUQHPGHJXDUGDQHPGHFDUDOKRQHQKXP
³3RUTXr"
³3RUTXHQmR
³3RUTXHQmR"
³3RUTXHQmRDKKKFRQWLQXHFKXSDQGRSRUUD
³$LORXFRYRFrWHPXPDSpUROD
³'XDV
³eGXDVORXFRPXLWRORXFR
5H\IHFKRXRVROKRVHILFRXSHQVDQGRHP0DJGD&DGD
YH]TXH'DLV\³RX5RVDTXHPVDEH³WHQWDYDVXELUSDUDEHLMi
ORHOH PDQWLQKD D FDEHoD GHOD Oi HPEDL[R 1mR TXHULD VHQWLU R
SHUIXPH H D OLPSH]D GH 'DLV\ ´6XDQGR 0DJGD VXDQGR
0DJGDFRPHVVHFKHLURIRUWHµ$VVLPPDQWHYHDHUHomRPDLVRX
PHQRVHVROWRXPXLWRVrPHQQDERFDGH0DJGDRXGH'DLV\RX
GH5RVD ( SURQWR ´4XH ERD YLGD GR FDUDOKRµ SHQVRX 'DLV\
TXHULD PDLV FODUR 7LQKD ILFDGR VHP QDGD 0DV HUD XPD YHOKD
HVSHUWDHHQWHQGHXTXHHUDPHOKRUGDUOKHXPWHPSR
³4XHUXPDYLWDPLQDGHPDQJD"
³4XHUR
'DLV\ S{V PXLWR OHLWH QD YLWDPLQD H DWp XQV
FRPSULPLGRVGHYLWDPLQDFRQFHQWUDGDTXHVHXVILOKRVPDQGDYDP
UHJXODUPHQWHGH0LDPL1XQFDVRXEH SDUD TXr 0DV PDQGDYDP
VHPSUH
³ $OLPHQWHVH SDSL TXH HVWi PXLWR PDJULQKR H
DEDQGRQDGR
$VVLP IRUDP SDVVDQGR RV GLDV 5H\ UDSLGDPHQWH VH
DGDSWRXDRVFRPSULPLGRVGHYLWDPLQDjVERDVFRPLGDVDGLVSRU
GHURXSDOLPSDPHVPRVHQGRXQLIRUPHPLOLWDU(TXH'DLV\OKH
GHVVHDOJXQVSHVRVWRGDPDQKm
³7RPDPHXILOKRHVVHVSHVLWRV VmRSDUDYRFrID]HU R
TXHTXLVHU0DVIDoDDEDUED1mRVDLDDVVLPSDUDDUXD(VFRYRX
RVGHQWHV"
'HSRLV GH XPD VHPDQD 5H\ HVWDYD UHIHLWR WLQKD
JDQKDGRSHVRHDOpPGLVVRHVWDYDFRPSOHWDPHQWHGRPHVWLFDGR
WRPDYD FDIp GDPDQKm DOPRoDYD MDQWDYD WXGR QD KRUD
FHUWD7RPDYDEDQKRWRGRGLDID]LDDEDUED6yGDYDXPDVYROWDV
SHOREDLUURHQmRVHDIDVWDYDGDFDVD'HQRLWHXQVJROHVGHUXP
H XP FKDUXWR 'DLV\ ILFDYDR GLD LQWHLUR RFXSDGD FRP DV
FRQVXOWDV0DVGHQRLWHLQYDULDYHOPHQWHTXHULDVXDSDUWH(5H\
ID]HQGRPDODEDULVPRVFRPDPHQWH
1DGDGHJUDQGHVWUHSDGDV5H\QmRQHJDYDIRJR0DVQmR
FRQVHJXLDTXHRSDXILFDVVHLQWHLUDPHQWHGXUR6HPSUHFLHROKRV
IHFKDGRV H VRQKDQGR FRP D VXMHLUD H R KiOLWR GH 0DJGD 'DLV\
QmR WLQKDVDERU 7XGR ILFDYD FLQ]HQWR PRQyWRQR H DERUUHFLGR
SDUD 5H\ 8PDQRLWH 'DLV\ TXLV OHU DV FDUWDV SDUD HOH 5H\ VH
RS{V
DMXGDU
³eLPSRUWDQWHSDUDYRFr(XVRXD~QLFDTXHSRGH
³1mRSUHFLVRGHDMXGD
³ 7RGR PXQGR SUHFLVD GH DMXGD 'H 'HXV 6RPRV
DPRU HOX] PDV VHP 'HXV QRV WUDQVIRUPDPRV HP yGLR H
HVFXULGmR
³ $K GHL[D GLVVR 4XH 'HXV SRUUD QHQKXPD (X
HVWRXFDJDQGRSUD'HXV
³ 1D PLQKD FDVD QmR VH SRGH IDODU DVVLP 'LJD TXH
HVWiDUUHSHQGLGR
³(VWRXFDJDQGRSUD'HXV
GL]
³'LJDTXHSHUGRDPHX'HXV(OHQmRVDEHRTXH
³(VWRXFDJDQGRSUD'HXV
OR
³&KHJD9RXUH]DUSRUYRFr'HXVWHPTXHSHUGRi
³ 'HXV XPD SRUUD 'HXV XPD SRUUD 'HXV QmR
H[LVWHSRUUDQHQKXPD9RFrYLYHIHLWRXPDUDLQKD&ODURTXHWHP
TXHDFUHGLWDUHPWRGRVHVVHVVDQWRVHQREDUDOKRHQHVVDPHUGD
WRGD(XQmRDFUHGLWRHPQDGD1mRDFUHGLWRQHPHPPLP
³(XHQWHQGRYRFr5H\4XH'HXVRSHUGRH
³1mRPHUHSLWDPDLVHVVDPHUGD
5H\HVWDYDIXULRVR6DLXGDFDVDHIRLDREDUHPIUHQWH
EHEHUUXP(VWDYDUHDOPHQWHIXULRVRFROpULFR7LQKDYLQWHSHVRV
QREROVRS{VHPFLPDGREDOFmRHGLVVHSDUDRDWHQGHQWH
³7XGRHPUXP
2DWHQGHQWHS{VGLDQWHGHOHXPFRSRHWUrVTXDUWRVGH
XPDJDUUDIDGHUXPEDUDWRGRVEUDYRV5H\EHEHXFRPVHGH(P
GRLVPLQXWRVHVWDYDVHVHQWLQGREHP'DLV\DSDUHFHXQDSRUWDGR
EDUHRFKDPRX
³5H\YHQKDFiXQLPRPHQWR
³0HGHL[HHPSD]
³1mRVHHPEHEHGH5H\YHQKDFi9DPRVSDUDFDVD
2 EDU HVWDYD TXDVH YD]LR H VLOHQFLRVR D HVVD KRUD 2
EDLUURILFDYD PRUWR D SDUWLU GDV RLWR GD QRLWH 6y 5H\ GRLV
FOLHQWHVHREDOFRQLVWD8PGRVFOLHQWHVXPYHOKRPXODWRPDJUR
HJR]DGRUFRPHoRXDFDQWDUFRPYR]PXLWRERD
8VWHG HV OD FXOSDEOH GH WRGDV PLV DQJXVWLDV \
WRGRVPLVTXHEUDQWRV
8VWHG OOHQy PL YLGD GH GXOFHV LQTXLHWXGHV \
DPDUJRVGHVHQFDQWRVVXDPRUHVFRPRXQJULWRTXHOOHYR
DTXLHQPLDOPDµ
µ9RFrpDFXOSDGDGHWRGDDPLQKDDQJ~VWLDGHWRGDD
PLQKD GRU 9RFrPH HQFKHX D YLGD GH GRFHV LQTXLHWXGHV H
DPDUJR GLVVDERU H DPDU p FRPRXP JULWRTXH OHYR GHQWUR
F7DOPDµ17
5H\ QmR DJHQWRX &RQWURORXVH SDUD QmR GDU XPD
JDUUDIDGD QD FDEHoD GR YHOKRJR]DGRU )HFKRX RV ROKRV SDUD VH
FRQWURODU3HJRXDJDUUDIDGHUXPHVDLXDQGDQGRSHOD$JXLODQD
GLUHomR GD 1HSWXQR 'DLV\ DSHQDV FRP XPD FDPLVROD OHYH H DV
FKDYHVGD FDVD QD PmR VDQGiOLD GH ERUUDFKD VHJXLX DWUiV GHOH
VXSOLFDQGR
³0HQLQRGHSRLVGHWXGRRTXHHXIL]SRUYRFr1mR
VHMDPDODJUDGHFLGR
³0HGHL[HHPSD]
³5H\SHORDPRUGH'HXVQmRYiHPERUDDVVLP(X
QXQFDSHUJXQWHLTXHPYRFrHUDQHPGHRQGHVDLX1DGD
³1HPpGDVXDFRQWD
³ (X VHL TXH QmR p GD PLQKD FRQWD 1XQFD YRX
SHUJXQWDU QDGD 0DV GHL[D HX FXLGDU GH YRFr 5H\ 1mR EHED
PDLV
³0HGHL[HHPSD]HQmRPHHQFKDPDLVRVDFRYHOKD
GHPHUGD
³&RPRYHOKD"(XYHOKD"
³eYRFr9HOKDGHPHUGD0HGHL[HHPSD]HYROWH
SUDVXDFDVD
³9ROWRFRPYRFr6R]LQKDQmR
'DLV\ VH DSUR[LPRX PDLV H R VHJXURX SHOR EUDoR $
GLVFXVVmRHUD HP YR] DOWD 5H\ YRFLIHUDQGR QR PHLR GD UXD (OD
IDODYD FRPPDLV FXLGDGR $OJXPDV SHVVRDV RV REVHUYDYDP GRV
EDOF}HVHGDVFDOoDGDV2HVSHWiFXORSUHIHULGRGRVKDEDQHURV$V
EULJDV GH UXDHQWUH PDULGR H PXOKHU $OJXpP JULWRX SDUD 'DLV\
GHXPDVDFDGD
³'iOKHFDVWLJDGRUDFRPRJRVWDGHPHQLQRVHP
YHUJRQKD
'DLV\YLURXSDUDRODGRGHRQGHYHLRDYR]LQWUXVD
³(VVHpPHXPDULGR0HQLQRFRLVDQHQKXPD7HP
XPSDX TXH p FDSD] GH DUUHEHQWDU R WHX HX GHVJUDoDGR 9DL
GHVFHDTXLYHDGR
$PHVPDYR]JR]DGRUDHQDVDODGDSDUDHYLWDUTXHIRVVH
UHFRQKHFLGD
³'iOKHYHOKDVDIDGDOHYHVHXQHQH]LQKRSUyEHUoR
SLDGDV
'DLV\ QmR UHVSRQGHX 2 JR]DGRU FRQWLQXRX FRP DV
³/HYHHOHSUDFDVDSUDWRPDUDPDPDGHLUD
(ODQmRSUHVWRXPDLVDWHQomRQDVJR]Do}HV*UXGRXVH
HP5H\HDFDULFLRXVHXEUDoR
³ 3DSLWR YRFr HVWi SDUHFHQGR ORXFR 'HL[H HX ID]HU
XPDOLPSH]D9DLYHUFRPRVXDFDEHoDYDLILFDUPDLVFODUD
³9DLFRPHoDUFRPDPHVPDFRQYHUVD"
³1mRQmR(XQmRGLJRQDGD0DVYDPRVSUDFDVD
PHXDPRU $PDQKm FHGR IDoR XPD OLPSH]D HP YRFr ( SDUD R
VHXEHP5H\YRFrYDLYHUFRPRYDLVHVHQWLUEHP
5H\ SUHIHULX QmR UHVSRQGHU )LFRX HP VLOrQFLR
&RQWLQXDUDPDQGDQGR1D$JXLODTXDVHFKHJDQGRj =DQMD HP
IUHQWHjFRPSDQKLDWHOHI{QLFDKDYLDXPSUpGLRHQRUPHH YD]LR
HP UXtQDV (PXLWR HVFXUR (UD TXDVH PHLDQRLWH 8PD ]RQD GH
YHDGRVIRGHGRUHVSXQKHWHLURVDVPHQLQDVEDWHGRUDVGHSXQKHWD
YLYHP SRUDOL j SURFXUD GH XQV SHVRV RV HVPROHLURV RV
FRPHUFLDQWHV GH TXDOTXHU FRLVD 5H\ HQWURX QR SUpGLR 'DLV\ VH
DVVXVWRX
³$L5H\SHORDPRUGH'HXVHVWHOXJDUpSHULJRVR
³3HULJRVRVRXHX7RPHGrXPWUDJR
6HQWDUDPVH QXPD SHGUD JUDQGH 5H\ FRPHoRX D VH
VHQWLUVRE FRQWUROH GH QRYR ­ VXD YROWD QDV VRPEUDV KDYLD
PRYLPHQWR
XPD PHQLQD EDWLD XPD SXQKHWD SDUD XQL VXMHLWR 8PD
QHJUDHXPQHJURWUHSDYDP GHVSXGRUDGRV GDYD SDUD RXYLORV D
SRXFRV PHWURV H VH SHUFHELDP VHXV YXOWRV $OJXQV YR\HXUV
SDVVDYDPSHOD FDOoDGD H IXPDYDP GLVVLPXODQGR VH SUHSDUDQGR
SDUD HQWUDUHP DomR D TXDOTXHU PRPHQWR 8P FOLPD WHQHEURVR
FDUUHJDGRGH JHQWH IXUWLYD 6H[R GLVIDUoDGR 5H\ VH H[FLWRX 6HX
SDXVXELXVR]LQKR&RPRXPDWRUD
³8KPPPPYHQKDFiYHOKXVFDYHQKD
/HYDQWRX D FDPLVROD GH 'DLV\ 6y XPD FDOFLQKD -i
HVWDYDFRPRSDXHPSpGXUtVVLPR$SDOSRXEHPDFLJDQD(UD
PDJUDH WLQKD XPD EHOD SHQWHOKDPD QD SpOYLV 'HVHPEDLQKRX
'DLV\WRFRXRSDXGHOHHVHHQWXVLDVPRX
³$LSDSLDSHUORQDHVWiWUHPHQGR
³$VSHUORQDV7HPGXDVSRUUD
³$LSDSLpWHPGXDV9DLYDLWHVXGR
5H\DEULXXP SRXFR DV SHUQDV GHOD UDVJRX DFDOFLQKD
HMRJRXIRUD5HFRVWRXDVREUHDSHGUD3HQHWURXDFRPRQXQFD
HDIH]JXLQFKDU
³$LSDSLSHORDPRUGH'HQVLVVRVLPpTXHpSDX
DLIDOHFLGRPHGHVFXOSHPDVLVWRVLPp TXH p SDX LVWR p TXH p
SDX
0HWHDWpRIXQGRPHWH
7UrV YR\HXUV VH DSUR[LPDUDP D SRXFRV PHWURV H VH
PDVWXUEDUDP YHQGR DTXHOD IRGD JHQLDO 5H\ FRQWURORX VHX
RUJDVPR
4XHULD TXH 'DLV\ JR]DVVH H VH DOLYLDVVH (OD WHYH PXLWRV
RUJDVPRV FXUWRV F VHJXLGRV GRLV SRU PLQXWR (VWDYD IRUD GD
UHDOLGDGH
*ULWDYDVXVSLUDYDPRUGLDDPmR$YFOKRWDGHVHVVHQWDH
WUrVDQRVYROWRXDRVVHXVTXLQ]HDQRV$WpTXHDILQDOHOHVROWRXD
SRUUD
2V SXQKHWHLURV WDPEpP ´,RGRV DFDEDUDP DR PHVPR
WHPSR 8PDFRLVD DQWROyJLFD QD KLVWyULD VH[XDO GD KXPDQLGDGH
4XDQGR'DLV\H5H\DEULUDPRVROKRVRVSXQKHWHLURVMiKDYLDP
VHUHWLUDGRDXPDGLVWkQFLDSUXGHQWH(WRGRVIRUDPIHOL]HV
1RV GLDV VHJXLQWHV YROWDUDP j QRUPDOLGDGH 4XHU
GL]HUjURWLQDGH'DLV\VXDVFRPLGLQKDVHVSHFLDLV DV YLWDPLQDV
WRPDUEDQKRHID]HUDEDUEDGLDULDPHQWH­VYH]HV5H\HVFDSDYD
,DDQGDQGR DWp D 3UDGR 6HQWDYDVH XP SRXFR SDUD YHU DV
PXOKHUHVSDVVDQGR1mRWLQKDQDGDSDUDID]HUQDGDSDUDSHQVDU
QDGDD HVSHUDU 6HPSUH FRP YLQWH RQ WULQWD SHVRV QR EROVR
)XQFLRQDYDSRU LQpUFLD &RQYHUVRX HP YiULRV OXJDUHV
SURFXUDQGRWUDEDOKR
1mR KDYLD QDGD $Wp QD FRQVWUXomR WRGDV DV YDJDV
HVWDYDPWRPDGDV'DLV\LQVLVWLDQDOLPSH]D
³ 1mR SURFXUH PDLV (QTXDQWR QmR WRPDU XQV
EDQKRV GHHUYDV QmR IL]HU R GHVFDUUHJR H WRPDU RV RXWURV
UHPpGLRVQmRYDLHQFRQWUDUQDGD(VWiFRPWRGRVRVFDPLQKRV
IHFKDGRVHQmRTXHUDFUHGLWDUHPPLP
³1mRVHLSRUTXHYRFrPHIDODHVVDPHUGDWRGRGLD
³ 3RUTXH YRFr FDPLQKD SDUD R IUDFDVVR ( TXHUR
DMXGiORPHX PHQLQR $VVLP QmR YHP QDGD SDUD YRFr 1HP
WUDEDOKRQHP GLQKHLUR QHP PXOKHU QDGD 7HP TXH WLUDU R
HQFRVWR
'DLV\ FRP D PHVPD FDQWLOHQD TXDWUR YH]HV SRU GLD
6HWHGLDV SRU VHPDQD -i HVWDYD HQFKHQGR 3DVVDYD R GLD GDQGR
FRQVXOWDV 'H WDUGH TXDVH GH QRLWH WRPDYDP EDQKR FRPLDP
WRPDYDP XP SRXFR D IUHVFD QR SiWLR 'DLV\ VH SXQKD
SURYRFDQWHFRP XPDV FDPLVRODV WUDQVSDUHQWHV H SHTXHQRV
QpJOLJpV TXH XVDYDFRP FDOFLQKDV PtQLPDV VHP VXWLm ( PXLWD
PDTXLDJHPSHUIXPHVHRFDEHOREHPHVFRYDGRHHVWLFDGRSDUD
HVTXHFHU FHUWDVUDt]HV DIULFDQDV SHUGLGDV HQWUH RV DYyV 5H\ QmR
ILFDYD FRP R SDXPXLWR GXUR GLDQWH GH WDQWR DUWLItFLR (UD XP
U~VWLFR 3UHIHULDEDIR GH UXP GH WDEDFR R FKHLUR GH VXRU H RV
SrORVQmRUDVSDGRVQRVVRYDFRV
3DUDUHIUHVFDUDFDEHoDGHXSDUDIXPDUHEHEHU7RGR
GLDJDVWDYDWULQWDSHVRVRXPDLVHPUXPFLJDUURVHFKDUXWRV1R
EDUGD IUHQWH 8PD WDUGH IRL DWp R EDU FRPR VHPSUH 'DLV\
GDQGRFRQVXOWD$LQGDWLQKDWUrVFOLHQWHV,DWHUPLQDUjVQRYHGD
QRLWHRXWDOYH]XPSRXFRPDLVWDUGH/HYDYDDFRLVDDVpULR5H\
UHSULPLD VXD YRQWDGH GH LU HPERUD 6DLU DQGDQGR H QmR GL]HU
DGHXV
3HGLXXPDGRVHGXSODGHUXP1DFDOoDGDXPQHJULQKR
EULQFDYDVR]LQKR
S{VXPDVSHGULQKDVQRFKmRXPDVHPFLPDGDVRXWUDV
)DEULFRX XP SHTXHQR PRQXPHQWR XPD SHTXHQD SLUkPLGH (
GDQoRX HP YROWD GHOD 6H EHQ]LD ID]LD R UXtGR GRV WDPERUHV H
GDQoDYDHPYROWDGRWRWHP5H\ILFRXROKDQGRXPORQJRWHPSR
(UDXPPHQLQRGHFLQFRRXVHLVDQRVEULQFDQGRFRPVHXWRWHP
0XLWR FRQFHQWUDGR QR TXH ID]LD 6RUULQGR )DVFLQDGRFRP VHX
WRWHP
$ SRXFRV SDVVRV QR VRODU DOJXpP FRPHoRX D JULWDU
$UPRXVH XPD EULJD $ LQWHUYDORV GH SRXFRV GLDV VH DUPDYDP
DTXHODVFRQIXV}HV2VRODUKDYLDVLGRXPJUDQGHFDVDUmRFRORQLDO
GH GRLVDQGDUHV FRP XP SiWLR FHQWUDO DJRUD WRGR GLYLGLGR HP
WULQWD HVHWH SHTXHQRV TXDUWRV /HJDOPHQWH DOL YLYLDP FHQWR H
RLWHQWDSHVVRDVjVTXDLVVHVRPDYDPRXWUDVFLQTHQWDLOHJDLV
SDUHQWHVGR LQWHULRU DPLJRV HP GHVJUDoD DPDQWHV HWF
WRGRV GLVSXQKDPGH DSHQDV GRLV EDQKHLURV PtQLPRV 2 SiWLR
FHQWUDO XP GLD IRLDPSOR H YHQWLODGR PDV FRQVWUXtUDP PDLV
TXDUWRV SDUD DSURYHLWDU WDQWR HVSDoR $JRUD HUD DSHQDV XP
FRUUHGRU HVWUHLWR GH GRLVPHWURV GH ODUJXUD VHPSUH FRP URXSD
HVWHQGLGDVHFDQGR1DTXHOHFRUUHGRURVYL]LQKRVDUPDYDPXPD
IDUUDRXXPDEULJDGXDVQHJUDVEULJDYDPSHORPHVPRPDULGRRX
RIHUHFLDP FDIp XQVDRV RXWURV DPDYHOPHQWH IXPDYDP PDFRQKD
RX ³ QD HVFXULGmRGD QRLWH ³ WUHSDYDP H VXVSLUDYDP RV
DPDQWHVFRSXODQGRGHSp
2TXHDFRQWHFHXQDTXHOHFRUUHGRUID]LDWHPSRTXHQmR
VHYLDDOL
XP EUDQTXHOR SL[DLP GR /HVWH FRPHoRX D GLVFXWLU
FRPXP QHJUR HQRUPH SRU FDXVD GH DOJXPD FRLVD TXH XP
URXERXGR RXWUR 1XQFD VH VRXEH TXHP HUD R ODGUmR ( DFRLVD
IRLHVTXHQWDQGR&RPHoDUDPDVDLURVLUPmRVHSULPRVGRQHJUR
2V DPLJRV GR QHJUR 2V SDUFHLURV GH WHUUHLUR -i HUDP GH]RLWR
QHJURVDPHDoDGRUHV 7RGRV TXHUHQGR TXHEUDU D FDEHoD GR
EUDQTXHORGR/HVWHVROLWiULRHVHPDMXGD'HUHSHQWHDSDUHFHX
XP IDFmRQD PmR GR FDUD 6XD PXOKHU TXH WURX[H H OKH GHX
GL]HQGR
³1mRGHL[HHOHVIRGHUHPFRPYRFrVHMDPDFKR
2 FDUD QmR SHQVRX GXDV YH]HV &RPHoRX D GDU IDFDGDV
DWRUWR H D GLUHLWR &RUWRX D EDUULJD GH XP R EUDoR GH RXWUR
%URWRXVDQJXH0XLWRYHUPHOKRHJURVVR(QWmRVLPRFRUUHGRU
ILFRXSHTXHQRHHVWUHLWR2EUDQTXHORHVWDYDEORTXHDQGRD~QLFD
VDtGDSDUDDUXD3RUWUiVQmRWLQKDVDtGD2VXMHLWRHVWDYDPXLWR
SXWRGDYLGDHTXDQGRYLXVDQJXHEDL[RX2JXP(TXHULDPDLV
VDQJXH 2V QHJURV GHVDUPDGRV GDYDP YROWHLRV FRPR WLJUHV QD
VHOYD
7HQWDYDP VXELU SHODV SDUHGHV FRPR PRVFDV FRP RV
ROKRV VDLQGR GDV yUELWDV 'H FLPD GXDV YHOKDV JULWDYDP H
MRJDYDP EDOGHVGH iJXD 7LQKDP FHUWH]D GH TXH DVVLP
FRQVHJXLULDPHVIULiORV
2 EUDQTXHOR ILFRX FHJR 'DYD IDFDGDV HP TXDOTXHU XP
TXHVHDSUR[LPDVVHPDVVHPVDLUGROXJDUSDUDQLQJXpPFKHJDU
DWp RSRUWmR (VWDYD GLVSRVWR D FRPSOHWDU D VDQJULD $FRVVRX D
WRGRVFRPJDQDFRPRXPDIHUDDVVDVVLQD&LQFRQHJURVIHULGRVH
GRLVVDQJUDQGR 3HOR PHQRV YLQWH EDOGHV GH iJXD MRJDGRV HP
FLPDGHOHV7RGRVRVFDFKRUURVODWLQGRDVPXOKHUHVJULWDQGR
³$PDUUHPHOHDPDUUHPHOH2ULHQWDOILOKRGDSXWD
³&KHJRXRQWHPHMiTXHUVHURGRQRGH+DYDQD
³&KDPHDSROtFLD
SDX
³ 3HJXH XP SDX 1mR WHQKD PHGR GHOH 3HJXH XP
³$QLPDO'HVDUPDGRYRFrQmRVHPHWH$EXVDGR
3RU ILP FKHJDUDP GRLV SROLFLDLV 2 RULHQWDO IXULRVR
GHFRVWDVQmRYLXTXDQGRVHDSUR[LPDUDP'HVDUPDUDPQRFRP
GRLVJROSHV GH FDUDWr QR SHVFRoR 2 VXMHLWR ILFRX VHP DU
SDUDOLVDGRGHL[RX FDLU RV EUDoRV H R IDFmR 3XVHUDPOKH DV
DOJHPDV 2 FDUDUHFXSHURX R I{OHJR H FRPHoRX D JXLQFKDU H D
HVSHUQHDUSDUDTXHRVROWDVVHP8PGRVGRLVSROLFLDLVEDWHXFRP
RFDVVHWHWHQDVFRVWDVGHOH2VXMHLWRFDLXGHEUXoRVQRFKmR2
SROLFLDO GHX PDLVXQV WDQWRV JROSHV GH FDVVHWHWH FUX]DGRV QD
FROXQDYHUWHEUDO
³1mREDQTXHRPDFKRHFDOHDERFD
2EUDQTXHORVHFDORXHGLVVHEDL[LQKR
³ $QLPDO GHVJUDoDGR Vy SRUTXH PH DPDUURX
GHVJUDoDGR
2 SROLFLDO GHXOKH PDLV XPDV SRUUDGDV FRP R
FDVVHWHWH SDUWLQGROKH RV RVVRV 2 VXMHLWR TXDVH SHUGHX RV
VHQWLGRV&DORXVH
2V QHJURV WHQWDUDP VDLU FRUUHQGR 2V SROLFLDLV GH
UHYyOYHUQD PmR GLVSDUDUDP TXDWUR YH]HV SDUD R DOWR 2
HVWDPSLGR RVGHWHYH $OJXQV FRQVHJXLUDP HVFDSDU GH TXDOTXHU
MHLWR )LFDUDPRQ]H QHJURV FRQWUD D SDUHGH 7UDQTLORV $V
UDGLRSDWUXOKDV IRUDPFKDPDGDV $V PXOKHUHV FRPHoDUDP D
DFRVVDURVSROLFLDLVFRPVXDJULWDULD
³6ROWHPHOHV1mRIL]HUDPQDGD1mROHYHPHOHV
³2GRIDFmRIRLTXHFRPHoRX
³2GRIDFmR2RULHQWDO
³2VFDUDVVmRGDTXLHVmRGHFHQWHVVmRERDJHQWH
³ 2 RULHQWDO p XP ILOKRGDSXWD $TXL QXQFD WHP
FRQIXVmR
&KHJDUDP UHIRUoRV 'XDV UDGLRSDWUXOKDV /HYDUDP
WRGRVHPERUD $V PXOKHUHV LPSHUWLQHQWHV KLVWpULFDV
FRQWLQXDYDPDWUDYHVVDGDV 2V SROLFLDLV IRUDP FRQWURODQGR DV
IHUDV3RUILPOLPSDUDPRWHUUHQR2VRODUILFRXIHUYHQGR
(PIUHQWH'DLV\VDLXQDMDQHOD2OKRXXPLQVWDQWH
HFRPHQWRXFRPVXDFOLHQWH
³2VQHJURVGRVRODUEULJDQGR&RPRVHPSUH,VVRp
WRGRGLD
(FRQWLQXRXVHXEDUDOKR
5H\ QR EDU DSURYHLWRX SDUD VH DSUR[LPDU GH ,YyQ
XPDQHJULQKD EXQGXGD GRFH H VLOHQFLRVD TXH YLYLD QXP TXDUWR
GRVRODU 6R]LQKD FRP D ILOKD GH FLQFR DQRV 5H\ D REVHUYDYD
ID]LDGLDV ( DJRUD HUD FKHJDGR R PRPHQWR ,YyQ ILFRX QD
FDOoDGD
4XDQGRYLXDEULJDUHVROYHXILFDUHVSHUDQGRWXGRSDVVDU
5H\ID]LD WHPSR TXH TXHULD PHWHU QDTXHOH UDER $SURYHLWRX H
VRUULXSDUDHOD(OHQmRVDELDQDPRUDUQHPIDODUPXLWR5HVROYHX
RIHUHFHUOKHUXP
³4XHUXPWUDJR"
³1mRREULJDGD
³(XVRXVHXYL]LQKRGDIUHQWH
³ (X VHL Mi YL YRFr FRP D FLJDQD 2 TXH HVWi
DFRQWHFHQGRQRVRODU"eXPDEULJDJUDQGH
³ 7LUDUDP FLQFR IHULGRV FREHUWRV GH VDQJXH 7LQKD
XPFDUDFRPXPIDFmR(HOHSHJRXJRVWRQDFRLVD
$KKK
³7RPHXPJROH7RPH
³ +DKDKD 6H D YHOKD SHJD YRFr IDODQGR FRP RXWUD
PXOKHUDFDEDFRPDVXDUDoD
³(FRPYRFrRTXHID]HP"
³ &RPLLLJR" 1DGD PHX DPRU HX VRX OLYUH
LQGHSHQGHQWHHVREHUDQD
³(XWDPEpP
³1mRPHYHQKDFRPHVVDTXHQmRPHSHJD
³%RPGHL[DGLVVR&RPRpVHXQRPH"
³,YyQ
5H\
'HUDPVHDVPmRV6HVRUULUDP,YyQDFHLWRXXPWUDJR
GRUXPEUDYR3XUR6HPJHOR
³)D]WHPSRTXHQmREHER
³3RUTXr"
³1mRpTXHQDGD1mREHER
³1DGDRTXr"
³1mRJRVWRGHEHEHUVR]LQKD
³,YyQYRFrFRPHVVHFRUSRFRPHVVHVRUULVRHVWi
VR]LQKDVR]LQKDVR]LQKD"
³3RGHFUHU
WHPSR"
³ +DKDKD &RPR YRFr p VpULD 6R]LQKD ID] TXDQWR
8PDVHPDQD"
³0HVHVPHVHV
³4XHPVDEHYRFrpPXLWRH[LJHQWH
YLX
³ 1mR JRVWR GHVVD QHJUDGD &RPHoDP D EHEHU H Mi
EULJDIDFmR1mRJRVWRGHVVDVXMHLUDGHVVDYXOJDULGDGH
³9RFrpILQD8PDQHJULQKDILQDSUDVDLU
YXOJDU
ILQR
³)LQDQmRVRXPDVUHSLWRTXHQmRJRVWRGHKRPHP
³(QWmRVHDJHQWHYDLID]HUDPL]DGHWHQKRTXHVHU
³1mRWmRGHSUHVVDFDOPD
³1mRWLWLHVWRXFDOPR
,YyQ DFHLWRX RXWUR GXSOR &RQWLQXDUDP VH
HVTXHQWDQGR
HOH
5H\JRVWDYDGDTXHODPXOKHU3HORPHQRVHUDMRYHPFRPR
7LQKDERPFRUSR1mRSDUHFLDPXLWRIRIRTXHLUDQHPGH
FDEHoDTXHQWH 3DUD DOJXpP TXH YLYLD QR VRODU HVWDYD ERP (UD
XPDQHJUD EHP SUHWD H HOH XP PXODWLQKR FODUR (UD FDSD] GH
WHUHPXPPXODWLQKREHPSDUHFLGR5H\LPDJLQRXDJUiYLGDFRP
XPEDUULJmR GHOH 7LQKDP EHELGR XQV WDQWRV FRSRV (VWDYDP
UHOD[DGRV (VFXUHFLD 7LQKDP VH HQWURVDGR EDVWDQWH EHP 'DLV\
FRQWLQXDYD FRP VXDV FRQVXOWDV TXDQGR HQWUDUDP QR VRODU VHP
TXHQLQJXpPYLVVH3HORPHQRVIRLRTXHSHQVDUDP(VWDYDWXGR
WUDQTLORHVLOHQFLRVR2TXDUWRGH,YyQHUDSHTXHQR
TXDWURSRUTXDWURVyXPDSRUWDHXPDMDQHOD/iGHQWUR
KDYLDXPDFDPDHXPFROFKmRGHVLPSHGLGRV8PDSHTXHQDPHVD
FRPXPIRJmR]LQKRGHTXHURVHQH1mRKDYLDRQGHVHQWDU(P
FLPD GH XPDFDGHLUD TXDVH GHVSHQFDGD FXLGDGRVDPHQWH
GREUDGDVEHPODYDGDVDOJXPDVEOXVDVXPDVVDLDVHXPDVSRXFDV
SHoDV GH FULDQoD 8P SDU GH VDQGiOLDV JDVWDV GHEDL[R GD FDPD
8PD FDL[D GHSDSHOmR FRP XP SRXFR GH DUUR] XPD SDQHOD
0XLWRFDORU
VXMRV
&KHLUR GH PRIR GH XPLGDGH GH IHFKDGR GH OHQoyLV
(QWUDUDP 5H\ HVWDYD VHJXUDQGR XP FRSR GH UXP
6HQWDUDPVHQDFDPDFRPDSRUWDDEHUWD5H\FRORFRXRFRSRQR
FKmREHLMRXDWUDWRXGHID]rODGHLWDU(ODUHVLVWLX
³ 1mR 0LQKD ILOKD GHYH HVWDU FKHJDQGR ,VVR HX QmR
IDoRDTXL$FKDTXHVRXGHVVDV"
³7HPXPDILOKD"
³7HQKR'HFLQFRDQRV(VWiFRPDDYy
³(ORQJH"
³$TXLPHVPR(PFLPD
³ 6XED ,QYHQWH DOJXPD FRLVD SDUD HOD ILFDU Oi PDLV
XPSRXFR
³1mR(ODYDLSHUFHEHU
(GDt"
³eDYySRUSDUWHGHSDL(VWHTXDUWRpGHOH
³2QGHTXHHOHHVWi"
³1DFDGHLD
$K
³9DPRVIHFKDUDSRUWD6yXPSRXTXLQKR5H\6y
XPSRXTXLQKR
,YyQ IHFKRX D SRUWD 5H\ Mi HVWDYD FRPR &RPSD\
6HJXQGR
VDLQGRXPDEDELQKDGDJODQGH$IHVWDIRLJUDQGHFRP
JUDQGHJODQGH5H\JR]DYDHFRQWLQXDYDFRPRELFKRHPSpHDV
SHUORQDV YLEUDQGR GH HPRomR HP FLPD GR FOLWyULV YHUPHOKR
DUUR[HDGR GH ,YyQ 5H\ LQVSLUDGR FRP DTXHOH HX VDOLHQWH GXUR
SHUIHLWRQHJUR SHOXGR LQFULYHOPHQWH EHOR VHJXLGR GH XPD
YDJLQD FKHLURVD GH OiELRV QHJURV FRP R LQWHULRU DUUR[HDGR
DSHUWDGDFDSD]GHSUHQGHURSDXHPDVVDJHDUFRPXQVP~VFXORV
YLJRURVRV H PDLVSHUWXUEDGRUHV TXH XPD PmR ( D EDUULJD
OLQGtVVLPDFRPPXLWDSHOXJHPGRXPELJRSDUDEDL[R2VSHLWRV
UHGRQGRVFKHLRVGXURVFRPELFRVJUDQGHVUHGRQGRVJRVWRVRV
,YyQ QXD SDUHFLD XPDPHQLQLQKD S~EHUH 7LQKD WULQWD H TXDWUR
DQRV3DUHFLDWHUYLQWHHGRLV(HUDWmRGRFH5H\UHSHWLXPDLVGH
XPDYH]
DTXL
³ $K ,YyQ FRPR HX JRVWDULD GH YLYHU FRP YRFr
³$SURYHLWHSDSL(VTXHoDRUHVWRDLVHFRQWLQXDU
PHFRPHQGRDVVLPYRXDFDEDUDSDL[RQDGDSRUYRFrTQHpLVVR"
6XDYDPFRSLRVDLQHQWH1mRKDYLDYHQWLODGRU(DTXLOR
HUDXPIRUQR,YyQVDLXGXDVYH]HVGRTXDUWR7URX[HPDLVUXP
$MHLWRX R QHJyFLR GD PHQLQD SDUD TXH ILFDVVH FRP XPD
YL]LQKD
$ VRJUD QmR SRGLD VDEHU R TXH HOD HVWDYD ID]HQGR 6H R
QHJUmRQD FDGHLD VRXEHVVH GH DOJXPD FRLVD D YLGD GH ,YyQ QmR
YDOHULDPDLVXPFHQWDYR2VXMHLWRLDVDLUDOJXPGLD(YLULDGLUHWR
SDUDFREUDU FRP VDQJXH ,YyQ jV YH]HV ID]LD D YLGD *DQKDYD
FLQTHQWD RX FHP GyODUHV SRU XP RX GRLV GLDV ,VVR HUD RXWUD
FRLVD 7LQKDGH VXVWHQWDU D ILOKD ( FRQWDYD SDUD R VXMHLWR
WUDQTLODPHQWHTXDQGRRYLVLWDYDQDFDGHLD(QWmRRVXMHLWRODWLD
³(DPLQKDSDUWH"
³7iDTXLSDSLWRPD
(OKHFODYDGH]RXTXLQ]HGyODUHVQDPmR
³6yLVVR"
³(RTXHYRFrTXHU"&RPRpTQHHXYRXVXVWHQWDU
VXDILOKD"(HX"9LYRGHYHQWR"
³7iWi7XGREHP
,YyQ VH DUUDQMDYD VRLQKD 5H\ LQVLVWLX HP ILFDU -i
PHLRErEDGR
³9RXILFDUYLYHQGRFRPYRFr
³1mRSSLQmR2QHJUmRYDLVDLUHDFDEDFRPQyV
GRLVDSQQKDODGD3HJRXYLQWHDQRVPDVMiHVWiSUHVRID]GRLVH
DTXDOTXHUPRPHQWRVROWDP(VVHQHJURpSHULJRVR
³(XVRXGXUmR,YyQ
³6HLVHL
³6DEHFRPRPHFKDPDP"
1mR
³25HLGH+DYDQD$SLFDPDLVJRVWRVDGH&XED
³ ( YHUGDGH SDSL ( XPD ORXFXUD WUHPHQGD ORXFXUD
QDFDPD 0DV FRPR YRFr WHP PLOK}HV PLOK}HV H QmR Vy
HP&XED 7HP FDGD LWDOLDQR FDGD JDOHJR TXH p GDt SUD PDLV
GHIRUPD TXH QmR VH IDoD GH EDFDQD H FRQWLQXH FRP D VXD
YHOKDTXHRVXVWHQWD
³(ODQmRPHVXVWHQWD
³1mRRTXr"9RFrWUHSDFRPDYHOKRWDGHJUDoD6DL
GHVVDPHQLQR 2OKH FRQWLQXH FRP D FLJDQD H TXDQGR GHU D
JHQWHVHYrWUHSDXPSRXFRHFDGDXPVHJXHVHXFDPLQKR0DV
QXPDERD6HPEULJDQHPQDGD
³ 1mR QmR 4XHUR TXH YRFr VHMD PLQKD PXOKHU H
HQJUDYLGDUYRFr%RWDUYRFrGHEDUULJmR
³ $K YRFr HVWi ErEDGR 1mR YRX SDULU PDLV XP
PRUWR GHIRPH SRU QDGD GHVWH PXQGR 2OKH D PHQLQD DJRUD
VRXHXTXHWHQKRGHVXVWHQWDUHRQHJUmRQDFDGHLD3RUTXHHOHp
GHEULJDHILFDLUDGR6HHXWLYHUILOKRYDLVHUFRPHVWUDQJHLURTXH
WHQKDPXLWD JUDQD GR FRQWUiULR QDGD GH JUDYLGH] QmR VRX
ORXFD
³$KPDV
³ $K PDV QDGD 6H YLVWD H Yi VDLQGR TXH Mi HVWi
DPDQKHFHQGRHQmRSRGHPYHUYRFrDTXL
'LVFXWLUDP XP SRXFR PDLV 5H\ GL]HQGR TXH QmR LD
,YyQGL]HQGR TXH LD 3RU ILP VDLX SDUD R IUHVFRU GD PDGUXJDGD
(UDQRLWH DLQGD )RL GLUHWR SDUD D SRUWD GH 'DLV\ 3DURX XP
SRXFRDQWHVGHEDWHU1mR3UHFLVDYDGHPDLVXPWUDJRGHUXP(
GHXP FLJDUUR 1mR VREUDUD QHP XP SHVR &RQWLQXRX DQGDQGR
HFRPR VHPSUH FDGD YH] TXH QmR VDELD DRQGH LU DFDERX QD
HVWDomRGHWUHQVQREDLUURGH-HVXV0DULD´$K0DJGD0DJGDµ
3HQVRXXPLQVWDQWH
´&RPRHXJRVWRGD,YyQ0DVpYHUGDGHRTXHHODGLVVH
2 QHJUmR VDL GR GHSyVLWR FDoD D JHQWH QRV FRUWDD FDEHoD H D
JHQWH QHP ILFD VDEHQGR TXHP IRL (OD p LQWHOLJHQWH ( XPD
PXOKHUTXHVDEHRTXHID]µ6XELXSHOD­JXLOD(UDPTXDVHFLQFR
GD PDQKm 1RLWH HVFXUD 8PD QRLWH IUHVFD 5H\ HVSLUURX 9iULDV
YH]HV +DYLD XPD IULDJHP QR DU PDV DOpP GLVVRWDPEpP XQL
FKHLUR SHQHWUDQWH iFLGR 6RDUDP XPDV VLUHQHV DRORQJH 1D
GLUHomR GH 7DOODSLHGUD 1R HVFXUR GDTXHODV UXDV FRPHoDUDP D
DSDUHFHU PLOKDUHV GH SHVVRDV 6DtGDV GD FDPD (QYROWDVHP
FREHUWRUHV GH FDOoDV FXUWDV H VDQGiOLDV DUUDVWDQGR FULDQoDVRX
FDUUHJDQGR FULDQoDV GRUPLQGR 0XOKHUHV TXDVH QXDV 9HOKDVH
YHOKRV VRQROHQWRV FREHUWRV FRP XPD WRDOKD XP OHQoRO
$OJXQVYHVWLGRV FRP LPSHUPHiYHO 0XLWRV YHOKRV HPEUXOKDGRV
HP PDQWDV GH Om 7RGRV DEDQGRQDUDP SUHFLSLWDGDPHQWH VXDV
FDPDV (VH GHVORFDYDP 2 TXH HVWDYD DFRQWHFHQGR" $V VLUHQHV
FRQWLQXDYDP XLYDQGR FRP LQVLVWrQFLD FDGD YH] PDLV IHUR] 5H\
FDPLQKDYD QD FRQWUDFRUUHQWH 6XD FDEHoD IRL VH HVYD]LDQGR 2
UXP RGHVSHMR VHPLQDO R VRQR ,D DQGDQGR HPERWDGR 1DV
VDFDGDVVXUJLDPPXLWDVSHVVRDV2RGRUiFLGRHUDPDLVDJXGRQD
]RQD GR&DSLWyOLR SDUD R ODGR GR SDUTXH GD )UDWHUQLGDG
3HQHWUDYDQRQDUL]$OJXpP QDV VDFDGDV SHUJXQWRX R TXH HVWDYD
DFRQWHFHQGR5HVSRQGHUDP
³8PYD]DPHQWRGHDPRQtDFR
³'L]HPTXHHP7DOODSLHGUDTXHSRGHH[SORGLU
³7HPXPPRQWHGHJHQWHFRPDVIL[LD(VWmROHYDQGR
WRGRVSDUDDHPHUJrQFLD
&RQWLQXDUDP SHUJXQWDQGR GyV EDOF}HV 2V TXH
IXJLDPHUDPYL]LQKRVGDTXHODiUHDGRVDUUHGRUHVGH7DOODSLHGUD
8PDUDGLRSDWUXOKD FRP DOWRIDODQWH SDVVDYD OHQWDPHQWH SHOD
ÉJXLOD
$ OX] YHUPHOKD JLUDQGR QR HVFXUR ,OXPLQDQGR
EUHYHPHQWHRVHGLItFLRVHPUXtQDVDVSHVVRDVIDQWDVPDJyULFDV$
YR]GHXPSROLFLDOHVWHQWyUHDUHEDWLDQDVSDUHGHVID]HQGRHFR
³ 'LULMDPVH HP RUGHP SDUD R 0DOHFyQ
$EDQGRQHPDiUHD(VSHUHPQR0DOHFyQDWpTXHFHVVHRDODUPH
(YLWHP DFLGHQWHV 1mR YDL DFRQWHFHU QDGD (YLWHP R SkQLFR
(YDFXHPDiUHD&RPRUGHPPDVGHSUHVVD3DUDR0DOHFyQ1mR
YDLDFRQWHFHUQDGDSDUDR0DOHFyQ
5H\FRQWLQXRXVXELQGRFRQWUDDFRUUHQWH(UDXPPDU
GHJHQWH VRQROHQWD GHVFHQGR QD QRLWH SDUD R 0DOHFyQ 2
FKHLURGH DPRQtDFR FDGD YH] PDLV LQWHQVR QR DU 5H\ SHQVDYD
HP0DJGD
´9DL VXIRFDU 'HYH HVWDU QR TXDUWRµ &KHJRX DWp D
UXD0RQWH &DUURV GH ERPEHLURV H SDWUXOKDV SROLFLDLV +DYLDP
HVWHQGLGRXPFRUGmRGHLVRODPHQWR,PSHGLUDPQRGHSDVVDU2
FKHLUR DOL HUD PXLWR IRUWH 2V SROLFLDLV WLQKDP DPDUUDGR OHQoRV
QRURVWR(IRUDPEUXWDLVFRPHOH
³3UDEDL[R3UDEDL[R 3DUD R 0DOHFyQ 1mR SRGH
SDVVDUFLGDGmR
(UDP PLOKDUHV GH HYDFXDGRV $V VLUHQHV GRV FDUURV
SROLFLDLVH RV FDPLQK}HV WDPEpP EX]LQDQGR (UD SUHFLVR
GHVSHUWDU WRGRPXQGR H ID]HU FRP TXH VDtVVHP YHOR]PHQWH GH
VXDVFDVDV1mRKDYLDFRPRFKHJDUDWp0DJGD1mRTXLVGLVFXWLU
FRPRVSROLFLDLVHFRPRVERPEHLURV(UDLQ~WLO5HWLURXVHSHOD
,QGXVWULD HVHQWRXVH QD FDOoDGD DWUiV GR &DSLWyOLR HP IUHQWH j
3DUWDJiV
(UDGLItFLOUHVSLUDUFRPRFKHLURGHDPRQtDFR0LOKDUHVGH
SHVVRDV SDVVDYDP WRVVLQGR FDQVDGDV DPRUWHFLGDV WDOYH] PHLR
LQWR[LFDGDV9iULRVOKHWRFDUDPRRPEUR
³5DSD]GHSUHVVDYiDQGH1mRILTXHDt
³9DLVXIRFDUDt'HVoDORJR
(OHQmRVHPH[HX6ySHQVDYDHP0DJGD$VSHVVRDV
FRQWLQXDYDP SDVVDQGR j VXD YROWD 3RQGRVH D VDOYR )LFRX DOL
TXHPVDEH PHLD KRUD 8PD KRUD &RPHoRX D DPDQKHFHU 2
FKHLURWLQKD GHVDSDUHFLGR 2X WHULD VH DFRVWXPDGR" $V VLUHQHV
QmR VRDYDP PDLV /HYDQWRXVH (VWLFRX DV SHUQDV 0H[HXVH
3HJRXGHQRYRRFDPLQKRSDUD-HVXV0DULD1HVVHPRPHQWRDV
VLUHQHVUHFRPHoDUDP D XLYDU 2V SROLFLDLV H RV ERPEHLURV
FRPHoDUDP DVH UHWLUDU 8PD UDGLRSDWUXOKD GXDV UDGLRSDWUXOKDV
WUrV TXDWURWRGDV IDODQGR DR PHVPR WHPSR SHORV DOWRIDODQWHV
1mRVHHQWHQGLDRTXHGL]LDP5H\SDUHFHXHVFXWDU
³ 3RGHP YROWDU SDURX FRQWURODGR
YD]DPHQWR
GHYHP YROWDU HYLWHP DFLGHQWHV ODUHV YROWDU GH
LPHGLDWR
5H\VHDSUHVVRXXPSRXFRPDLV'HVFHXSHOD$QJHOHVH
IRLGLUHWRSDUDRHGLItFLRGH0DJGD2XPHOKRU
SDUDRVHVFRPEURVRQGH0DJGDYLYLD
(QFRQWUDUDPVH GH VXSHWmR QD IUHQWH GR HGLItFLR H
TXDVHVHFKRFDUDP
³(K0DJGD
5H\
³3RUUDDLQGDEHPTXHYRFrVDLXDWHPSR
³+DKDKDKD
³ (VWi ULQGR GR TXr" 7HQKR FHUWH]D GH TXH IDOWRX
SRXFRSDUDYRFrVXIRFDU
³&RPRYRFrVDEH"
³3RUTXHYRFrGRUPHFRPRXPDSHGUDQmRHVFXWD
QHPDVVLUHQHV
³ +DKDKD FRPR YRFr PH FRQKHFH SDSL )RL LVVR
PHVPR
)DOWRXSRXFRSDUDHXLUHPERUD$JRUDHXSRGLDHVWDUGR
RXWURODGR
³(FRPR"
³ 2 YL]LQKR 2 YHOKR GR ODGR )LFRX EDWHQGR QD
SRUWDDWpHXDFRUGDU
³6DOYRXVXDYLGD
³ /HYDUDP QyV GRLV SDUD R KRVSLWDO 6DtPRV PHLR
VXIRFDGRV
(HOH"
³'HL[DUDPLQWHUQDGR-iHVWiPXLWRYHOKRLPDJLQH
0DVDTXLORWLQKDOiXPDVTXLQKHQWDVSHVVRDVPHLRVXIRFDGDV
SURQWR
'HL[DUDPRYHOKRMRJDGRQXPFDQWR(HXPHPDQGHL
)DODYDPHLDPVXELQGRDHVFDGD5H\HVWDYDIHOL](P
VHXDPELHQWH 6y GH ROKDU SDUD 0DJGDOHQD WHYH XPD HVSOrQGLGD
HUHomR1mRDHVFRQGHX*RVWDYDGHH[LELUVXDSLFDUtJLGD
³5H\TXHpLVVR"(XQmRGLVVHSUDYRFrQmRDSDUHFHU
QDPLQKDFDVD"
³ 2OKH LVWR DTXL PDPLWD 2OKH R TXH YRFr ID]
FRPLJR
0DJGDROKRX+DYLDGLDVQmRID]LDVH[R
³(KHHVVHSDXGXUR"(XQHPWRTXHLHPYRFr
³6yGHROKDUSUDYRFrMiILFRDVVLP4XHYRFrTXHU"
³$LSDSLYRFrFDGDGLDILFDPDLVORXFR
0DJGDDJDUURXVHXSDXSRUFLPDGDFDOoD$SHUWRX6y
VROWRX XP LQVWDQWH SDUD DEULU R FDGHDGR (QWUDUDP ( GH QRYR
DSHUWRX H PDVVDJHRX HP FLPD GDV SpURODV 0DJGD HVWDYD PDJUD
GHWDQWR SDVVDU IRPH VH ODYDYD PXLWR SRXFR SRU IDOWD GH iJXD
HVDEmR QmR UDVSDYD DV D[LODV SRUTXH QmR WLQKD OkPLQD D
URXSDVXMD RV GHQWHV PDQFKDGRV 4XDQGR WLQKD XQV SHVRV
JDVWDYDFRP UXP H FLJDUURV (QILP XP GHVDVWUH $ VXMHLUD 2V
GRLV HUDPLPXQGRV 1mR YLQKDP GR Sy H DR Sy UHJUHVVDULDP
1mR9LQKDPGDPHUGD(QDPHUGDFRQWLQXDULDP
'HVSLUDPVH 0DJGD FRP DV FRVWHODV DSDUHFHQGR SRU
EDL[RGD SHOH 2 HVTXHOHWR YLVtYHO 5H\ XP SRXTXLQKR PDLV
FXLGDGRH YLWDPLQDGR XOWLPDPHQWH 0DV GH TXDOTXHU MHLWR
ERQLWRSUyVDSRpDVDSD)RLXPDORXFXUD1mRVHFDQVDUDP6H
DTXLOR QmRHUD DPRU SDUHFLD PXLWR $ SDUDQyLD GR VH[R GDV
FDUtFLDV GDHQWUHJD (P DOJXP PRPHQWR 0DJGD PHWHX R GHGR
QR HX GH5H\ 'RLV GHGRV 7UrV GHGRV ( 5H\ JR]RX D SULPHLUD
YH] 0DJGDFKXSRX R HX GHOH H FRQWLQXRX EULQFDQGR FRP RV
GHGRV ( 5H\GHL[RX TXH IL]HVVH H JXLQFKRX H VXVSLURX
GHVIDOHFLGR GH SUD]HU $OJR HP VHX PDFKLVPR D WRGR FXVWR QmR
OKHWLQKDSHUPLWLGRLVVRDWpDJRUD(UDDHQWUHJDWRWDO
&RPR VHPSUH DOLPHQWDUDPVH GH UXP PDFRQKD
DPHQGRLPFLJDUURV&KHJRXDQRLWHGRUPLUDP&RQWLQXDUDPQR
GLDVHJXLQWH 5H\ VDLX DOJXPDV YH]HV SDUD EXVFDU UXP SmR FRP
FURTXHWH FLJDUURV 1mR KDYLD GLQKHLUR SDUD PDLV TXH LVVR
0DJGDFR]LQKRX XP SRXFR GH DUUR] &RPHUDP XP SUDWR FRP
DEDFDWH 9ROWRX D DQRLWHFHU 'RUPLUDP XPDV KRUDV H GH QRYR
5H\FRPDSLFDGXUD(FRQWLQXDYDPHFRQWLQXDYDP$RWHUFHLUR
GLDGHPDQKm0DJGDOHQDUHDJLX
³5H\VyWHQKRPDLVYLQWHSHVRVHSUHFLVRFRPSUDU
DPHQGRLP1mRSRVVRJDVWDUHVVHGLQKHLURFRPUXP
³%RPWiERP
³9RXDWpDSUDoDHYROWRORJR
)D]LD PDLV GH TXDUHQWD H RLWR KRUDV TXH WLQKDP VH
LVRODGRGRPXQGR+DYLDPUHWRPDGRVHXDPRUGHVSXGRUDGRHR
VH[RORXFR6HQWLDPVHPXLWREHP0DJGDRUJXOKRVDQRYDPHQWH
GHWHUXPPDULGRDVVLP
³9RFrpPHVPRR5HLGH+DYDQDSDSL(XPORXFR
³9RXID]HQGRRVFDUWXFKRV
³(PPHQRVGHXPDKRUDHVWRXGHYROWD)DoDFHP
FDUWXFKRVVy
5H\IH]RVFHPFDUWXFKRVGHSDSHO$VKRUDVSDVVDUDP
$WLURXVH QD HQ[HUJD SDUD GRUPLU &KHJRX D QRLWH 'HVSHUWRX
ORXFRGHIRPHQRPHLRGDHVFXULGmR(0DJGDVXPLGD1mRWLQKD
GLQKHLURQHPYRQWDGHGHVDLUSDUDDUXD$LQGDKDYLDXPSRXFR
GHUXP H FLJDUURV &RP XQV WDQWRV WUDJRV FDLX QRFDXWHDGR
'RUPLXDWp R GLD VHJXLQWH $FRUGRX FRP XPD UHVVDFD WHUUtYHO
FRP JDVWULWH )H] XP HVIRUoR H VDLX SDUD D UXD GH DOJXP MHLWR
$SHVDU GDURXSD OLPSD WLQKD UHFXSHUDGR DTXHOH DVSHFWR
GHVDOLQKDGR GHYDJDEXQGR &RP JUDQGHV ROKHLUDV FDEHOR
HPDUDQKDGRHVXMRFDUDGHErEDGRHVJRWDGRHHQFDUGLGR3HJRX
D )DFWRUtD &KHJRXj 0RQWH 6HX FRUSR H VXD PHQWH HUDP XPD
PLVWXUD GH IRPH HFDQVDoR WDO TXH QmR FRQVHJXLD SHQVDU 6y
DQGDYD)RLDWpD*DOLDQRHILFRXDOLQDTXHODHQFUX]LOKDGD0XLWD
JHQWH YHQGHQGR H FRPSUDQGR 6HP SHQVDU HVWHQGHX D PmR H
PXUPXURXDOJXPDFRLVDSDUDDVSHVVRDVTXHSDVVDYDP1LQJXpP
ROKRXSDUDHOH
´(VWRX FRP IRPH SRU IDYRU HVWRX FRP IRPH SRU
IDYRUPHGrHVWRXFRPIRPHPHGrDOJXPDFRLVDSDUDHVWRX
FRPIRPHHVWRXFRPIRPHSRUIDYRUPHGrµ1LQJXpPGHX
QHPXPFHQWDYR7LQKDGHURXEDUDOJXPDFRLVDSHJDUXPDEROVD
&RQWLQXDYDFRPDFDQWLOHQDSHGLQGRHDRPHVPRWHPSR
REVHUYDQGRGHUDERGHROKR1RSULPHLURGHVFXLGRGHDOJXpP
KDYLDYiULRVSROLFLDLVSRUDOL8PUXtGRGHYLGURVTXHEUDGRV8P
QHJURGH FDOoD FXUWD VHP FDPLVD FRP XQL Sp Vy GH VDQGiOLD GH
ERUUDFKD R RXWUR Sp GHVFDOoR -RJRX XPD SHGUD QD YLWULQD GH
XPDORMDGHDUWLJRVGHFRXUR2VYLGURVFDtDPHPFDFRVQRFKmR
2VXMHLWRWHQWRXSHJDUXPDEROVDGHFRXUR1mRRV VDSDWRV 6y
XPDEROVD &RUWRX RV SpV RV EUDoRV DV PmRV $OJXQV WXULVWDV
ILOPDYDP HP YtGHR H WLUDYDP IRWRV 'RLV SROLFLDLV FKHJDUDP
FRUUHQGR(QIXUHFLGRVFODUR'HVHPEDLQKDUDPVHXVFDVVHWHWHVGH
ERUUDFKD VyOLGD 9LUDP DV FkPHUDV *XDUGDUDP RV FDVVHWHWHV
2VXMHLWR Mi HVWDYD FRP D EROVD QD PmR (VWDYD VDQJUDQGR PDV
QmRIXJLD &HQWHQDV GH SHVVRDV SDUDUDP SDUD ROKDU 2V SROLFLDLV
JHQWLOPHQWH OKH WLUDUDPD EROVD H R SHJDUDP 2 VXMHLWR VH VDIRX
HFRPHoRX D LQMXULiORV SRUTXH TXHULD VXD EROVD GH FRXUR
6HJXUDPHQWH HVWDYD ORXFR 2V SROLFLDLV R SHJDUDP GH QRYR H
FRPPXLWR FXLGDGR FRPR VH VH WUDWDVVH GH XP PHUHQJXH
WUDWDUDPGH OHYiOR SDUD ORQJH GDOL 8PDV QHJUDV JR]DGRUDV H
DOHJUHV FRPDV EXQGDV HQILDGDV HP O\FUDV EHP MXVWDV
DSURYHLWDUDP D FRQIXVmR SDUD URXEDU VDSDWRV GD YLWULQD
'HVFREULUDP TXH Vy KDYLD XPSp GH FDGD SDU 6y H[SXQKDP R
HVTXHUGR 2 GLUHLWR ILFDYD EHPJXDUGDGR (QWmR MRJDUDP RV
VDSDWRVGHYROWDSDUDGHQWURGDYLWULQD'RLVHPSUHJDGRVGDORMD
DSDUHFHUDP
FRUUHQGR
GR
ODGR
GH
GHQWUR H SHJDUDP VDSDWRV EROVDV FKLQHORV $V FkPHUDV
FDSWDQGRWXGR &KHJDUDP GRLV SROLFLDLV HQIXUHFLGRV 2V TXH
HVWDYDP HPDomR OKHV GLVVHUDP DOJXPD FRLVD UDSLGDPHQWH 2V
QRYRV SURWDJRQLVWDV ROKDUDP DV FkPHUDV $K FODDDDUR
*XDUGDUDP RV FDVVHWHWHV 2V TXDWUR MXQWRV PXLWR VXDYHPHQWH
OHYDUDP HPERUD RVXMHLWR TXH LQVLVWLD HP YROWDU H SHJDU D EROVD
$V SHVVRDV VHJXLUDP VHX UXPR 2V WXULVWDV IL]HUDP VXD ~OWLPD
WRPDGD 7XGR RFRUUHUD HP GRLV RX WUrV PLQXWRV 1HVVH WHPSR
5H\ ILFRX DOHUWDREVHUYDQGR DOJXPD RSRUWXQLGDGH 1DGD $V
PXOKHUHVDJDUUDYDPFRPILUPH]DVXDVEROVDV1mRKDYLDWXULVWDV
WRQWRV1DGD&RQWLQXRXSHGLQGR6HPHVSHUDQoDVPDVSHGLQGR
'DtILFRXQXEODGR(PTXLQ]HPLQXWRVRFpXFREULX
VHGHJUDQGHVQXYHQVQHJUDVHFDUUHJDGDV6RSURXXPYHQWRIRUWH
GRQRUWH 8QV WURY}HV FRP UHOkPSDJRV &RPHoRX D FKRYHU HP
JUDQGHV JRWDV 2V YHQGHGRUHV GH UXD UHFROKHUDP
DSUHVVDGDPHQWHVXDV FRLVDV 5H\ SHQVRX HP SHJDU XQV SmHV GH
XPVXMHLWRTXHYHQGLDSmRFRPOHLWmRQXPFDUULQKR0DVQmRVH
DWUHYHX+DYLDJHQWHGHPDLV2VXMHLWRGHL[RXFDLUQRFKmRGRLV
SmHV FRP OHLWmR DVVDGR 7UrV SmHV ,D FDLU R TXDUWR 2 VXMHLWR
FRQVHJXLXDJDUUDURTXDUWRQRDU)H]XPJHVWRSDUDUHFROKHURV
TXH HVWDYDPFDtGRV QR FKmR PDV KDYLD PXLWD JHQWH ROKDQGR
1mR'HXPVDOWR5H\HVWDYDDRODGRGRFDUULQKR3HJRXRVSmHV
HFRPHX
8KPSmRFRPOHLWmR&KHJRXTXDVHDSHGLUTXHRVXMHLWR
OKHSXVHVVH XP SRXFR GH PROKR DSLPHQWDGR 0DV R KRPHP
ROKRXSDUDHOHGHFDUDIHLD5H\VHFRQWHYH
$ FKXYD H R YHQWR DXPHQWDUDP (UD XPD FRUWLQD GH
iJXDGHQVD7URY}HVHUHOkPSDJRV$VSHVVRDVVHUHIXJLDYDPQRV
SyUWLFRV $OJXPDV HQWUDUDP QD 8OWUD 3DUD SDVVDU R WHPSR
ROKDQGRXPDORMD/RJRHVWLDULDHWRGRVVHSRULDPHPPDUFKDGH
QRYR
0DVQmRHVWLRX&KRYHXGXUDQWHKRUDVHPDLVKRUDV$V
SHVVRDV VHJXLUDP VH PROKDQGR 3RXFR D SRXFR RV SyUWLFRV
ILFDUDPGHVHUWRV 5H\ SHUPDQHFHX DOL FRP VHX KiELWR GH SHGLU
HVPRODV2VXMHLWRGRSmRFRPOHLWmRQmRYHQGHXPDLV$VQRYH
MRJRXIRUD RV SmHV TXH VREUDYDP $ FDUQH HOH WLURX GRV
VDQGXtFKHVHOHYRXFRQVLJRQRFDUULQKR(UDPGH]RLWRSmHVVHP
FDUQHPDVFRPXPPROKLQKR'HEDL[RGDTXHOHGLO~YLRLQIHUQDO
5H\ UHFROKHX RV SmHV HPEUXOKRXRV QXP SHGDoR GH SOiVWLFR H
GHVFHXGH QRYR SHOD $QJHOHV DWp R HGLItFLR &KHJRX HQVRSDGR
PDVFRQWHQWH0DJGDDLQGDQmRWLQKDFKHJDGR3DUDVHOLYUDUGD
UDLYDIDORXHPYR]DOWD
³3RUUDID]GR]HKRUDVTXHIRLEXVFDUDPHQGRLP
6HUiTXHHVWiSODQWDQGR"
&RPHXDOJXQVSmHV2TXDUWRHVWDYDFKHLRGHJRWHLUDV
SRUWRGRODGR(QWUDYD iJXD SHOR WHWR UDFKDGR SHODV IHQGDV GDV
SDUHGHVHSHODMDQHODSHTXHQDFREHUWDDSHQDVFRPXPSHGDFLQKR
GHWiEXD1RHVFXURFRPDiJXDFRUUHQGRSHORFKmR5H\DFKRX
XPFDQWR VHFR SHUWR GD SRUWD &RORFRX Dt R FROFKRQHWH H
GRUPLXHVFXWDQGR D FKXYD LQFHVVDQWH DV UDMDGDV GH YHQWR RV
WURY}HV
1RGLDVHJXLQWHDFKXYDFRQWLQXRX3DUDYD XPD KRUD
HFKRYLD TXDWUR LQWHQVDPHQWH 'H RQGH VDtD WDQWD iJXD" 5H\
SDVVRXRWHPSR WRGR VR]LQKR FRPHQGR SmHV 3UHRFXSDGR FRP
DDXVrQFLD GH 0DJGD ´'HYH HVWDU FRP DOJXP YHOKR 'HFHUWR
YDLYROWDU FRP SHVRVµ SHQVRX 3RU VRUWH DTXHOH SHTXHQR
SHGDoRGHFKmR FRQWLQXDYD VHFR 2 UHVWR GR TXDUWR HUD XP ULR
´&KRYHPDLV GHQWUR GR TXH IRUDµ SHQVRX &RFKLORX XP SRXFR
GHQRLWH
$PDQKHFHX &RQWLQXDYD FKRYHQGR -i HUD GHPDLV 1mR
KDYLDPXLWR YHQWR ´6HUi XP FLFORQH"µ 1XQFD WLQKD YLVWR XP
6DELDGHOHV SHORV UHODWRV GD DYy H GD PmH )D]LD XP GLD H PHLR
TXHHVWDYD FKRYHQGR 6REUDYDP DLQGD DOJXQV SmHV &RQWRXRV
6HWH
6DLX SDUD R FRUUHGRU $ iJXD FRUULD SRU WRGR ODGR 2
SUpGLRHVWDYDTXDVHWRWDOPHQWHGHPROLGR1RSHGDoRTXHVREUDYD
HPSpWLQKDPYLYLGR6DQGUDRYHOKRTXHVDOYRXDYLGDGH0DJGD
HHOHVGRLV1mRKDYLDQLQJXpPDJRUD6DQGUDQDSULVmRRYHOKR
QRKRVSLWDO RX PRUWR 0DJGD SHUGLGD GHEDL[R GD FKXYD 5H\
QmRDJHQWRXPDLVDYRQWDGH
DEDL[RXDOL PHVPR H FDJRX WUDQTLODHDEXQGDQWHPHQWH
/LPSRXVHFRPRSDSHOGRVFDUWXFKRV
(VWDYD TXDVH WHUPLQDQGR TXDQGR 0DJGD DSDUHFHX
HQVRSDGDVXELQGRDHVFDGD9LQKDHVFRUUHQGRiJXD4XDQGRYLX
5H\FDJDQGRVHS{VDULUjVJDUJDOKDGDV
³(VWiULQGRGRTXrFKLFD"
³9RFrSDUHFHXPPDFDFRFDJDQGRKDKDKD
³9RFrVRPHGRLVGLDVHDLQGDWHPYRQWDGHGHULU
SDSL
³6HQmRJRVWRXVHPDQGH(XHVWRXQDPLQKDFDVD
³&RPRVXDFDVD"
(QWUDUDPQRTXDUWR0DJGDILFRXSDVPD
³ $L PLQKD PmH LVWR DTXL QXQFD ILFRX DVVLP WmR
PROKDGR
³1mRPXGHGHDVVXQWR0DJGD
VHFR
³0HQRVPDOTXHYRFrS{VRFROFKRQHWHQXPOXJDU
³0DJGDRQGHpTXHYRFrDQGRX"(PTXDOSXWDULD"
³ 2OKH WURX[H R DPHQGRLP H XPDV FDL[LQKDV GH
FRPLGD
³0DJGDUHVSRQGD
³$LSDSLFKHJDSDUHGHEDQFDURPDULGR
³ 1mR p QDGD GLVVR )D] GRLV GLDV TXH HVWRX
HVSHUDQGR(YRFrVXPLGD
³&KHJDFKHJDERELQKRYDPRVFRPHULVWRDTXL
³ 1mR YDPRV FRPHU SRUUD QHQKXPD 0DJGD 1mR
EULQTXHFRPLJR
³(VWiEUDYR"
HVWRX
³&ODURTXHHVWRXEUDYR3XWRGDYLGDpLVVRTXHHX
9RFrpXPDSXWD
5H\
³ 3XWD SRUUD QHQKXPD 5H\ 3XWD SRUUD QHQKXPD
1mR VH IDoD GH GXUmR 9RFr QmR SDVVD GH XP PROHTXH
FRPHGRUGH PHUGD H PRUWR GH IRPH GH GH]HVVHWH DQRV (X
HVWDYDFRPRSDLGRPHXILOKRTXHpXPQHJUmRLPHQVRHIRUWH
GHTXDUHQWDDQRVTXHWHPFDVDFRPWXGRGHQWURH JRVWD PXLWR
GHPLPHWHPJUDQD,VVRVLPTXHpKRPHP&KHLRGDJUDQDH
TXH PHDMXGD PXLWR 9RFr p XP PHUGD 5H\ XP IRGLGR HQWmR
QmRPHHQFKDPDLVRVDFR
5H\IRLSDUDFLPDGHODHOKHGHXXPDVERODFKDV0DJGD
VHGHIHQGHX H DUUDQKRX D FDUD GHOH 5H\ OKH GHX XP ERP VRFR
(ODFDLX QR FKmR (OH OKH GHX XQV WDQWRV FKXWHV (OD R SHJRX
SHORSp H IH] FRP TXH SHUGHVVH R HTXLOtEULR 5RODUDP QD iJXD
FKHLDGH OLPR ,VVR HVIULRX XP SRXFR RV GRLV 3DUDUDP GH VH
RIHQGHU
VROXoDU
)LFDUDP WUDQTLORV 6HP VH PH[HU 0DJGD FRPHoRX D
5H\DEUDQGRXTXDQGRDYLXFKRUDQGR
³0DJGDSHORDPRUGH'HXVQmRFKRUH
³ $L 5H\ JRVWR WDQWR GH YRFr 5H\ WDQWR *RPR
JRVWRGHYRFrFRPRPHID]IDOWD
³(HVVHQHJUR"
³7DPEpP
²
7DPEpPRTXr"
²
*RVWRGHOHWDPEpP(VWRXDSDL[RQDGDSHORVGRLV
1mRHQWHQGHXQmRFUHWLQRLPEHFLO"
³1mRPHRIHQGD1mRPHRIHQGD
GLVVR
³ *RVWR GRV GRLV $L 5H\ HVWRX QR PHLR HVTXHoD
$JRUDHVWRXFRPYRFr
³6HLGHSRLVGL]DPHVPDFRLVDSDUDHOH
³1mRSDSLQmR
$KK
QRYR
5H\ QmR HQWHQGLD DTXLOR 2 FL~PH R HQIXUHFLD GH
0DJGDRDFDULFLRXHEHLMRXFRPWDQWDWHUQXUDTXH5H\VH
WUDQTLOL]RX 'HVSLUDPVH )RUDP DWp R FROFKRQHWH )L]HUDP
DPRUVXDYHPHQWH FRPR QXQFD 5H\ SHQHWURXD SURIXQGDPHQWH
FRPWRGRRDPRUGRPXQGR
(VHDGRUDUDPGHQRYR
UXP
0DJGD WLQKD DOJXP GLQKHLUR 5H\ SHGLX SDUD FRPSUDU
³(VWiORXFR5H\"(VWiWXGRIHFKDGR,QXQGDomRSDUD
WRGRODGR
³&RPRYRFrVDEH"
WHP
³2SDLGRPHQLQRWHP XPD FDVD QRUPDO $Wp UiGLR
1mRXPDSRFLOJDFRPRHVWD
$KK
³ $OpP GLVVR YLP D Sp 1mR WHP {QLEXV QHP QDGD
1DGDGHQDGD$JRUDHVWiWXGRIRGLGR
³(QWmRQmRWHPQHPUXPQHPFLJDUUR
³1mRWHPQDGDSDSL1DGD
1mR KDYLD QDGD PDV VH DGRUDYDP &RQWLQXDYD
FKRYHQGRFRSLRVDPHQWHOiIRUD$VYH]HVFRPPXLWR YHQWR 1R
GLDVHJXLQWHjVWUrVGDWDUGHRWHPSRUDOFRQWLQXDYDQRDSRJHX
)D]LD VHWHQWD H GXDV KRUDV TXH FKRYLD HP +DYDQD FRP YHQWRV
IRUWHVUDMDGDWURY}HV$FLGDGHSDUDOLVDGD
³ 4XDQGR HVWLDU TXHUR LU SDUD R LQWHULRU )D] WHPSR
TXHQmRYHMRRPHQLQR
³ 9RFr TXHU YHU p R SDL GR PHQLQR 1mR TXHLUD PH
HQJDQDU
³(HHHXX"
³eYRFrrrr1mRVHIDoDGHEHVWD
³&RPRYRFrpFtQLFR
³(YRFrXPDILOKDGDSXWD
³+DKDKD
(VWDYD HVFXUHFHQGR $QRLWHFHQGR H 0DJGD ULQGR jV
JDUJDOKDGDV (OD JRVWDYD GH SURYRFDU D LUD GH 5H\ 1HVVH
PRPHQWRDV SDUHGHV FRPHoDUDP D FHGHU 7LQKDP DEVRUYLGR
WRQHODGDV GHiJXD $V SHGUDV UDFKDGDV GHSRLV GH PDLV GH XP
VpFXOR UHVLVWLQGR UHVROYHUDP TXH EDVWDYD H VH SDUWLUDP 8P
HVWURQGRHQRUPHHWXGRYHLRDEDL[R2WHWRHDVSDUHGHV2SLVR
WDPEpP FHGHX HFRQWLQXRX FHGHQGR PDLV FLQFR PHWURV DWp R
FKmR 6y ILFRX HPSp DTXHOH SHGDoR PDLV VHFR H ILUPH MXQWR j
SRUWDGDHQWUDGD
$OLHVWDYDP RV GRLV VHQWDGRV VREUH D HQ[HUJD 1R PHLR
GRSyHGDHVFXULGmRVHWRFDUDPHVHDEUDoDUDP(VWDYDPYLYRV
³ $L 5H\ SHOR DPRU GH 'HXV 9RFr HVWi EHP"
9DPRVWHPRVGHLUGHSUHVVDFRUUD
³1mRQmRSRUUDDLLLSRUUD
5H\WHQWRXSX[DUDSHUQDHVTXHUGDHVPDJDGDGHEDL[R
GHXP HQRUPH SHGDoR GH SHGUD 1mR FRQVHJXLD 3RU ILP
0DJGDFRQVHJXLX HQ[HUJDU R TXH HVWDYD DFRQWHFHQGR DSHVDU GR
SyHGRHVFXUR7HQWRXDMXGiORHPSXUUDQGRDSHGUD(UDLQ~WLO
3HVDYD GHPDLV (VFXWDYDP R UDQJHU GD SDUHGH H GR
SHGDoR GHFKmR DLQGD HP Sp $ TXDOTXHU PRPHQWR FDLULD
WDPEpP(PVHXGHVHVSHURDSULVLRQDGR5H\WDWHRXDRUHGRUH
HQFRQWURXXPSHGDoRGHFDQR3X[RXRSDUDVL
³3HJXH0DJGDIDoDXPDDODYDQFDFRPLVVR
(ODWHQWRXYiULDVYH]HV$SHGUDVHPH[HXXPSRXFR
0DLVXP SRXFR 5H\ SX[RX FRP IRUoD H WLURX D SHUQD
HVPDJDGDQDTXHOD UDWRHLUD 7LQKDP GH IXJLU 6DtUDP SDUD R
FRUUHGRU1mRH[LVWLDPDLVHVFDGD+DYLD GHVPRURQDGR WDPEpP
2VGRLVHVWDYDPHPFLPD GH XP SHGDFLQKR GH SLVR H SDUHGH D
FLQFRPHWURVGHDOWXUD,QFULYHOPHQWHDTXLORVHPDQWLQKDGHSp
5H\QmRSHQVRX3HJRX0DJGDSHODPmRHGLVVHDSHQDV
³9DPRV
6DOWDUDP H FDtUDP GH TXDWUR VREUH RV HVFRPEURV
0DFKXFDUDPDVPmRVFRVMRHOKRV5H\HVWDYDPDQFDQGR6DtUDP
SDUDDUXD
$SHVDU GD FKXYD KDYLD XP JUXSR GH WULQWD RX TXDUHQWD
FXULRVRV
8PGHOHVJULWRX
³2OKHVREUDUDPGRLVYLYRV
(OHV QmR ROKDUDP SDUD WUiV )RUDP DQGDQGR SDUD D
HVWDomRGHWUHQV$WUiVGHOHVUHVVRRXXPHVWURQGR
DEDL[R
R ~OWLPR SHGDoR GRTXDUWR GH 0DJGD WDPEpP YHLR
5H\ DQGDYD PDQFDQGR 'RtDOKH R WRUQR]HOR 9HVWLD
DSHQDV EHUPXGD 0DJGD WLQKD XP VKRUW H XPD EOXVD
HVIDUUDSDGDTXHFRQVHJXLXDJDUUDUDWHPSR2VGRLVVHPVDSDWRV
&REHUWRVGHSyEUDQFR$UUDVDGRV'HVRULHQWDGRV3DUHFLDPGRLV
ORXFRVVDtGRV GR LQIHUQR $ HVWDomR GH WUHQV HVWDYD FKHLD GH
IDPtOLDVHYDFXDGDVFULDQoDVFKRUDQGRJHQWHID]HQGRILODSRUXP
EDOGHGHiJXD1RVDUUHGRUHVKDYLDWDPEpPPXLWDJHQWHGDQGR
YROWDV (UD ]RQD GH FDWiVWURIH 'H]HQDV GH HGLItFLRV
GHVPRURQDGRV
1LQJXpP VDELD TXDQWRV PRUWRV H IHULGRV KDYLD DWp R
PRPHQWR
( FRQWLQXDYD FKRYHQGR LQWHQVDPHQWH 0DJGD DEUDoRX
5H\UHIXJLDGRVQREDWHQWHGHXPDSRUWDHP(JLGR
³ 3RUUD 5H\ SHUGL XPD FDL[D GH DPHQGRLP H
FLQTHQWDSHVRV
³1mRWHPLPSRUWkQFLD6DOYDPRVDYLGD
³(VWiGRHQGRDSHUQD"
³2WRUQR]HOR
0DJGD H[DPLQRX 1mR WLQKD QHQKXPD LQIODPDomR
0DVGRtD
³6HUiTXHTXHEURXDOJXPRVVR"
6HLOi
(P IUHQWH QR SyUWLFR GD HVWDomR KDYLD XPD EDUUDFD
GHFDPSDQKDFRPXPDEDQGHLUDGD&UX]9HUPHOKD
³2OKH5H\$OLGHYHWHUPpGLFR
³1mRQmRQmR
³&RPRTXHQmR9DPRV
³1mR(XQmRYRX
³3RUTXr5H\"
³ 1mR JRVWR GH PpGLFR QHP GH GHQWLVWD QHP GH
QDGDGLVVR
³5H\QmRVHMDERER9DPRV
0DJGD SHJRXR SHOR EUDoR H TXDVH R DUUDVWRX $OL Vy
DWHQGLDP XUJrQFLDV JUDYHV 1mR SRGLDP FXLGDU GHOH $OJXpP
LQGLFRX TXH QRV DUPD]pQV GR SiWLR WLQKDP LQVWDODGR XP
SHTXHQRKRVSLWDO $LQGD PDLV PROKDGRV FKHJDUDP DR SiWLR GD
HVWUDGDGH IHUUR 2 KRVSLWDO SDUHFLD XP PDQLF{PLR (UDP RV
DUPD]pQVGH FDUJD H[SUHVVD 1R PHLR GH REMHWRV GH WRGR WLSR
FKHJDGRVGR LQWHULRU PDV TXH QmR SRGLDP VHU HQWUHJXHV IRUDP
LQVWDODGRV FDWUHV FDPDV GH FDPSDQKD RX VLPSOHV FROFKDV QR
FKmR
+DYLD DOL GRHQWHV PpGLFRV H PXLWD JHQWH 7RGRV
DQGDQGR FRUUHQGR JULWDQGR IDODQGR 7XGR DR PHVPR WHPSR
'HSRLVGHPXLWDLQVLVWrQFLDGH0DJGD³5H\QmRIDODYDQDGD³
XPDHQIHUPHLUDRVDWHQGHX([DPLQRXRWRUQR]HORGH5H\
³eSRGHWHUXPDIUDWXUDQmRVHLVHEHPTXH
QmRHVWi LQIODPDGR 'yL" 1mR VHL GL]HU WHP TXH YHU XP
RUWRSHGLVWD
³%RPHQWmRYDPRV
³1mmmRPHXDPRUUUDTXLQmRGi
³3RUTXHQmRPLQKDILOKD"
³3RUTXHQmRWHPRUWRSHGLVWD3URFXUHPXPKRVSLWDO
QRUPDO,VWRDTXLpVySDUDHPHUJrQFLD
³ 0HQLQD LVWR p HPHUJrQFLD 0HX PDULGR IRGHX D
SHUQDGHEDL[RGDSHGUD$FDVDFDLXHPFLPDGDFDEHoDGDJHQWH
H
³ (VFXWH GRQD FRQWUROHVH ( IDOH GLUHLWR TXH QmR
HVWi QDVXD FDVD (OH QmR HVWi IHULGR QHP VDQJUDQGR GH IRUPD
TXH QmRp JUDYH QHP XUJHQWH $TXLQmRWHPRUWRSHGLVWD
(QWHQGHX"
1mR p TXH HX QmR TXHLUD DWHQGHU (TXHQmRWHPRUWR
SHGLVWD
(QWHQGDPSRUIDYRU
$ HQIHUPHLUD VDLX FRUUHQGR SDUD RXWUR ODGR 'H]HQDV
GHSHVVRDVHVSHUDYDPDWHQGLPHQWR5H\H0DJGDIRUDPHPERUD
6DtUDPGHQRYRSDUDDFKXYD
³ $LQGD EHP TXH SDURX GH UHODPSHMDU VDQWD
%iUEDUDEHQGLWD
³3RUTXr"
³7HQKRPHGRGHUDLR
5H\ PDQFDYD DSRLDGR HP 0DJGD $ FLGDGH
FRPSOHWDPHQWHSDUDOLVDGDÉVHVFXUDV&RPYLQWHHTXDWURKRUDV
GH FKXYD DFLGDGH FDLX HP HVWDGR GH FRPD ,QWHUURPSHXVH R
IRUQHFLPHQWR GH HOHWULFLGDGH H GH iJXD GH WHOHIRQH JiV
WUDQVSRUWH S~EOLFR 1DGD GH DOLPHQWRV 5H\ H 0DJGD QHP VH
GHUDPFRQWD
ILQD
WUHP
$FKXYDjVYH]HVFHGLDHVHWUDQVIRUPDYDQXPDJDURD
6DtUDPQDDYHQLGDGHL3XHUWRIRUDPSDUDRVHOHYDGRVGR
1RVDUUHGRUHVGH7DOODSLHGUDKDYLDRQGHVHDEULJDU
PDTXLQDULDDEDQGRQDGD H HQIHUUXMDGD SUDQFKDV
PHWiOLFDV PDWDJDLV (QILDUDPVH GHEDL[R GH XP FDPLQKmR PHLR
SRGUH 3HOR PHQRV HVWDYD VHFR (VWDYDP HVSLUUDQGR +DYLDP VH
UHVIULDGR'HVFDQVDUDPXPSRXFRHGRUPLUDP
1RGLDVHJXLQWHWRGRVRVRVVRVOKHVGRtDP7HQWDUDP
VHOHYDQWDU5H\Ip]XPHVIRUoRH[WUDRUGLQiULRHFRQVHJXLXDQGDU
(VWDYD QXEODGR PDV D FKXYD F R YHQWR WLQKDP SDUDGR
5H\QDOGRWRPRXDVXDDQWLJDURWD6DELDDRQGHLU
³9DPRVSUDRQGH5H\"
³3UDPLQKDFDVLQKD9RFrYDLYHU
³+DKDKD
SRUUD
³ 0DJGD SHOR DPRU GH 'HXV 1mR Gr ULVDGD DVVLP
³ ´3UD PLQKD FDVLQKDµ TXHP Yr SHQVD TXH p
YHUGDGH
³$KKYRFrpPXLWRJR]DGRUD
$QGDUDP PDLV XPD KRUD 4XDQGR VHXV FRUSRV
HVTXHQWDUDPVHVHQWLUDPPHOKRUHDQGDUDPPDLVGHSUHVVD0DJGD
VXVSLURXHGLVVH
³3HGHHWHVHUiFRQFHGLGR
³2TXr"
³2VSDGUHVGL]HPLVVR
³9RFrYDLjLJUHMD"
³1mRPDVILFRSDUDGDQDSRUWDFRPRDPHQGRLP(
RVSDGUHVGL]HPDVVLP
´3HGHHWHVHUiFRQFHGLGRµ
³%HODPHUGD
³8KPXKQL
³3HoDXPDFDVD0DJGD9DPRVYHUVHHODFDLGRFpX
³(FRPLGD5H\TXHIRPHTXHHXHVWRX
³(XWDPEpP
YLVWD
2UDVWUR GH FDUURFHULDV HQIHUUXMDGDV H SRGUHV HVWDYD j
5H\ VH DQLPRX +DYLD PXLWD HUYD GDQLQKD YHUGH H
HVSLQKRVD(PXLWDODPD3HTXHQRVULDFKRVSHODWHUUD'HSRLVGH
TXDWURGLDVGHFKXYDRVRORQmRFRQVHJXLDDEVRUYHUPDLVQDGD
5H\DFRQGX]LX(QWUDUDPDOLVHPVDSDWRVFKDSLQKDQGRQDiJXD
HQROLPR(OHFRQKHFLDROXJDUPXLWREHPPDVQmRHQFRQWURX
RFRQWrLQHU $ORMDUDPVH QD FDUFDoD GH XP YHOKR {QLEXV $V
SHVVRDV DUUDQFDUDP RV SHGDoRV GH ODWD PDV DLQGD VREUDYD
DOJXPDFRLVD$IRPHRVGHYRUDYDSRUGHQWUR
³0DJGDQmRDJHQWRPDLV
5H\
³ $ JHQWH SUHFLVD DUUXPDU DOJXPD FRLVD SUD FRPHU
6HILFDUDTXLYDPRVPRUUHUGHIRPH
³7HQKRGHGRUPLU1mRDJHQWRPDLV
5H\
³2VKRPHQVVmRIURX[RVPHVPRQmRpSUDWDQWR
3RGLDVHUSLRU
³(VHPSUHSRGLDVHUSLRUSRUUD
³$KKGHL[HHXYHURWRUQR]HOR(VWiGRHQGR"
³%DVWDQWH
³)URX[R9RFrpXPWUHPHQGRGHXPIURX[R
³ )RL SUD LVVR TXH YRFr SHUJXQWRX" 1mR PH HQFKD
PHQLQD
³5H\OiDWUiVWHPXPDVFDVLQKDV
³ (­L VHL PDV QXQFD FKHJXHL SHUWR GHVVD JHQWH
SRUTXH
³3RUTXHYRFrpXPKLFKRGRPDWRPDVHXQmRVRX
YRXOi4XHPVDEHGmRDOJXPDFRLVDGHFRPHUSDUDDJHQWH
³1mRYmRGDUQDGD
³4XHUDSRVWDU"
³4XHUR&HPGyODUHVTXHQmRGmR
³(HXERWRFHPGyODUHVTXHGmR&DVHDTXLKDKDKD
³VHDJHQWHWLYHVVHFHPGyODUHVDKKK
³(XYRX3RQKDDPHVDRVSUDWRVRVJXDUGDQDSRV
WXGRTXHHXMiYROWRFRPRUDQJRKDKDKD
0DJGD IRL 'HQWUR GR {QLEXV UHVWDYDP SHGDoRV GRV
EDQFRV 5H\ DUUXPRX XPD FRLVD SDUHFLGD FRP XP VRIi
$FRPRGRXVHSDUDGRUPLU2HQRUPHGHSyVLWRGHOL[RGDFLGDGH
DXQVFHPPHWURVH[DODYDXPIHGRULQVXSRUWiYHOQDXVHDEXQGR
5H\VHQWLXRFKHLURHILFRXjYRQWDGH2VRGRUHVGDPLVpULD
PHUGD HSRGULGmR 6HQWLX FRPRGLGDGH H SURWHomR j VXD
YROWD$KTXHERP(GRUPLXWUDQTLODPHQWH
'XDVKRUDVGHSRLV0DJGDYROWRX7UD]LDXPSUDWRGH
DUUR]GXDV EDWDWDV IHUYLGDV H XP YLGUR GH iJXD FRP Do~FDU
$FRUGRX5H\
³9iSDSLFRPDLVWRDTXLHPHGrPHXVFHPGyODUHV
TXHHXJDQKHL
³(YRFr"
³(XMiFRPL
³-iFRPHX"4XHPGHXLVVRSUDYRFr"
³$KKDKDKDKD
³9RFrHRVYHOKRVRVYHOKRVHYRFr
³&RPDHQmRPHDPROHPDLV
ODGR
5H\ GRUPLX GH QRYR 0DJGD Mi HVWDYD URQFDQGR D VHX
4XDQGR DFRUGRX HUD GH QRLWH 0DJGD WLQKD VXPLGR 2
WRUQR]HOR QmR GRtD HQTXDQWR HVWDYD HP UHSRXVR 7RUQRX D
GRUPLU
0DJGD YROWRX QR GLD VHJXLQWH GH WDUGH 7UD]LD XPD
SL]]DFLQFR SHVRV FLJDUURV 7LQKD JDQKDGR GH SUHVHQWH XQV
VDSDWRVYHOKRV
³1RVVDFRPRYRFrpUiSLGD
³&RPDDSL]]D$JHQWHSUHFLVDSURFXUDUXPPpGLFR
(VVHWRUQR]HOR
³1mR1DGDGHPpGLFR6DUDVR]LQKR
³0DVFRQWLQXDGRHQGR
³4XDQGRHXPH[R
(P XPD VDFROLQKD 0DJGD WURX[H XPD EOXVD XPD
VDLDXPDFDOoDXPDFDPLVHWD7XGRXVDGRPDVOLPSR9HVWLUDP
VH
³ 7HQKR GH DUUXPDU XP VDSDWR RX XPD VDQGiOLD
$VVLPQmRGiSDUDILFDU
&DODUDPVHXPSRXFR6H ROKDQGR 0DJGD FRPHoRX D
ULUjV JDUJDOKDGDV ( FRQWDJLRX 5H\ 'HVSLUDPVH GH QRYR (
VHROKDUDPEHP5H\MiHVWDYDFRP D SLFD D WRGD 0DJGD VXELX
HPFLPD GHOH jV JDUJDOKDGDV ( 5H\ FKXSRX D ERFHWD iFLGD
VXMDFRPFKHLURIRUWH*RVWDYDDVVLPEHPKHGLRQGD(QWmRHOD
RFKXSRX )L]HUDP XP PHLD QRYH )D]LD PXLWRV GLDV TXH QmR
WRPDYDPEDQKR(UDPGRLVSRUFRVVHGHVHMDQGRFRPRDQLPDLV
(FRPHoDUDP PDLV XPD GH VXDV WUHSDGDV ORXFDV (OD GL]LD
SDUDHOHXPDYH]RXRXWUD
YRFr
³2TXHYRFrIH]FRPLJRGHVJUDoDGR"&RPRHXDPR
$L TXH JRVWRVR 0HWH WXGR 7XGR 7XGR $Wp R IXQGR
0HID]XPILOKRSRUUDPHID]XPILOKR
³9HUGDGH"4XHUTXHHXIDoDXPILOKRHPYRFr"
³ $L TXHUR 0HWH HVVH SDX]mR DWp R IXQGR $Wp R ILP
0HID] XP ILOKR 4XH HX FDGD GLD JRVWR PDLV GH YRFr 0H
HQJUDYLGHTXHHXTXHURWHUXPILOKRVHX
$VVLPSDVVDUDPRVGLDV/HQWDPHQWHSDUD5H\6HPSUH
HVSHUDQGR 0DJGD YROWDU $V YH]HV HOD FKHJDYD PXLWR WDUGH GD
QRLWHRXGHPDGUXJDGD7UD]LDDOJXPDFRLVDGHFRPHUGLQKHLUR
DOJXPD URXSD YHOKD 5H\ ILFDYD FRP FL~PH 3ULQFLSDOPHQWH
TXDQGR HOD SDVVDYD XP GLD LQWHLUR VXPLGD (UDP EULJDV
JLJDQWHVFDV
6H EDWLDP VH RIHQGLDP 2 FL~PH RV HQIXUHFLD (OD R
WUDQTLOL]DYD HQFKHQGRR GH UXP GH PDFRQKD GH GLQKHLUR GH
FRPLGD
(GHSRLVFRPXPD JUDQGH ORXFXUD GH VH[R(UD XP ULWR
GH yGLRH DPRU 'H WDSDV H WHUQXUD (OD GHUUDPDYD OiJULPDV GH
HPRomRTXDQGR HOH D FDOoDYD EHP DWUiV EHP QR IXQGR H D
EHLMDYDFRPWHUQXUDDWpUHVIROHJDUFRPRXPWRXURHVROWDUVHXV
MRUURVGHVrPHQTXHQWHIpUWLODEXQGDQWH
³7RPDVHPYHUJRQKDTXHYRXID]HUXPILOKRHP
YRFrSRUUD7RPDDSRUUDTXHYRXID]HUXPILOKRHPYRFr
( HOD VHQWLD D SRUUD FDLQGR TXHQWH H HVSHVVD H
SHQHWUDQGR
7RGRGLDDVVLP(ODYROWDYDVHPSUH$TXDOTXHUKRUD(R
PDQWLQKDQDLQVHJXUDQoD)XULRVRGHFL~PH(ODUHFHELDWRGRGLD
DVXDUDomRGHWDSDVHHPVHJXLGDDVXDUDomRGHDPRUHVrPHQ
5H\ Mi SRGLD DQGDU 0DQFDQGR $LQGD GRtD XP SRXFR
$FKRXXP SHGDoR GH VHUUD HQIHUUXMDGD $ILRX SDFLHQWHPHQWH R
IHUUR
)H] XPD IDFD 3HTXHQD PDV PXLWR DILDGD &RUWRX XP
SHGDoRVGH SDX H Ip] XPD EHQJDOD 7LQKD WHPSR GH VREUD
(QWDOKRXQHODXPDSRPEDXPDFREUDXPDHVSDGD/HPEURXVH
GD pSRFD HPTXH ID]LD WDWXDJHQV 6DtUDP ERQV RV GHVHQKRV
$SURYHLWRX RWHPSR SDUD HQWDOKDU SDFLHQWHPHQWH $JRUD DQGDYD
PXLWRPHOKRUDSRLDGRQDEHQJDOD3DVVDYDPXLWRWHPSRVR]LQKR
6RQKDYDFRP HQJUDYLGDU 0DJGD 7HU WUrV RX TXDWUR PHQLQRV
*RVWDYDGDTXHOD PXOKHU $GRUDYD 4XHULD 0DJGD Vy SDUD VL 2
~QLFRSUREOHPD p TXH HOD VXPLD PXLWR WHPSR H HOH QXQFD VDELD
FRPTXHPHVWDYDRTXHID]LDRQGHVHHQILDYD3HQVRXTXHGHYLD
SURFXUDU XPDV WiEXDV H XQV SHGDoRV GH SOiVWLFR SDUD DUPDU
XPDFDVLQKD$OLPHVPR/RQJHGHWRGRPXQGR7DOYH]SXGHVVH
YHQGHU DPHQGRLP WDPEpP 2X SURFXUDU DOJXP RXWUR WUDEDOKR
(FRQWURODU 0DJGD )D]HU FRP TXH R UHVSHLWDVVH H GHL[DVVH GH
SXWDULD ´( XPD YDJDEXQGD GH PHUGD PDV FRPR JRVWR GHOD
&RPRJRVWRGHVVDYDJDEXQGDµSHQVDYD
3URFXURX R PDWHULDO QRV DUUHGRUHV 1HVVH GLD 0DJGD
YROWRXFHGRDLQGDHUDGLD7URX[HTXDUHQWDSHVRVFRPLGDUXP
HWLQKDWRPDGREDQKR
³(HVVDVWiEXDV5H\"
³9RXID]HUXPDFDVLQKD
³$TXL"
³$TXL
3RUUD
³3RUUDSRUTXr"
³ 3RUTXH Mi WHQKR VHVVHQWD SHVRV JXDUGDGRV H YRX
FRPHoDUGHQRYRFRPRDPHQGRLP
³ ( Dt" 4XHP VDEH HX WDPEpP YRX YHQGHU
DPHQGRLP
RXDOJXPDRXWUDFRLVDQmRVHL
³8KPPPQmRVHL
³1mRVDEHRTXr"1mRPHHQUROHHIDOH
³$FKRTXHYRFrPHHQJUDYLGRX
³(HHXXX"
³eYRFrrrr2~QLFRPDULGRTXHHXWHQKRpYRFrH
TXDQGRYRFrJR]DDSRUUDPHFKHJDDWpDJDUJDQWDGHPRGRTXH
QmRLQYHQWH(VHX
³(RVYHOKRV"(VVHEDQGRGHYHOKRVTXH"
³ 1DGD QDGD 2V YHOKRV QmR HQJUDYLGDP QmR WrP
SRUUDQHPILFDPGHSDXGXURQHPQDGD(VWHpVHX1mRWLUHR
FRUSRIRUD
0DJGDWLQKDWUD]LGRXUQDYHOD(WUHSDUDPGHWRGRVRV
MHLWRV TXH FRQVHJXLUDP LQYHQWDU QDTXHOD OX] PtQLPD
$GRUPHFHUDPUHQGLGRVGHFDQVDoR1RGLDVHJXLQWH0DJGDVDLX
PXLWRFHGR5H\FRPHoRXDFRQVWUXLUVXDFDVLQKD(QFRVWDGDQD
FDUURFHULD GR {QLEXV SDUD PDLRU UHVLVWrQFLD ,QYHVWLX QLVVR WRGR
RGLD(ILFRXRUJXOKRVR1mRWLQKDIHUUDPHQWDV6yDIDTXLQKDGH
DoR H XP SHGDoR GH IHUUR TXH ID]LD DV YH]HV GH PDUWHOR
(UDPHVPRR5HLGH+DYDQD
0DV 0DJGD QmR YROWRX HVVD QRLWH 1HP QR GLD
VHJXLQWH
1HP QR RXWUR 5H\ ILFRX DQVLRVR PXLWR IXULRVR
EDEDQGR GHFL~PH H IUXVWUDomR 'DYD FRUGD D VL PHVPR ´(VVD
YDJDEXQGDVHPYHUJRQKDHVWiPHMRJDQGRQDPHUGD(QLQJXpP
PHMRJDQDPHUGDµ
3RU SRXFR QmR GHVWUXLX D FDVLQKD 3DUD VH GLVWUDLU
FRQVWUXLXXP EDQTXLQKR GH PDGHLUD &RP SUHJRV YHOKRV TXH
WLURXGHXPDVFDL[DVGHHPEDODJHP1HPDVVLPDFDERXFRPD
UDLYD
3DVVDUDPWUrVGLDVHWUrVQRLWHV0DJGDYROWRXQDWDUGHGR
TXDUWR GLD &KHJRX UDGLDQWH GH DOHJULD QR PHLR GR FUHS~VFXOR
2SHVFRoR PDUFDGR FRP FKXS}HV YLROiFHRV H PRUGLGDV
0XLWRIHOL] VRUULGHQWH 8VDYD VDLD EOXVD VDSDWRV GH SOiVWLFR
7XGRYHOKR FODUR PDV FRP ERP DVSHFWR 5H\ D SHJRX SHOR
SHVFRoRYLROHQWRHOKHDSOLFRXGRLVERIHW}HVQRURVWR
³ 2QGH YRFr VH HQILRX SXWD GH PHUGD" 6XPLX ID]
TXDWURGLDV
(LVROWH6ROWH
³(XVRXVHXPDULGRHWHPGHPHUHVSHLWDU
³ 1mR UHVSHLWR H YRFr QmR p PHX PDULGR SRUUD
QHQKXPD
³ (VWi FKHLD GH FKXSmR QR SHVFRoR GHVFDUDGD &RP
TXHPYRFrHVWDYD"'LJD
³9HQGHQGRDPHQGRLP
³$PHQGRLPRFDFHWH4XHPIH]HVVHVFKXS}HV"
³2TXHYRFrWHPFRPLVVR"
5H\EDWHXPDLV
³'LJDSXWDGHPHUGD4XHPIRL"
³6RIUDSRUTXHHXQmRYRXGL]HU
5H\ VH HQIXUHFHX PDLV H PDLV %DWHX QHOD FRP IRUoD
'HXOKHXQVWDQWRVVRFRVHTXDVHGHVHQFDL[RXVXDPDQGtEXOD
³ (VWDYD FRP R SDL GR PHX ILOKR (VVH VLP p
KRPHP
4XH FXLGD GH PLP PH Gi URXSD FRPLGD GLQKHLUR PH
OHYDSUDSDVVHDU(VVHQHJUmRVLPpTXHpKRPHP
5H\DHVERIHWHRXPDLVFHJRGHI~ULD
³(HXVRXRTXrSXWDGHPHUGD"
³ 9RFr p XP PRUWR GH IRPH 8P LQ~WLO 8P FDJmR
0HHVSHUDQGR DTXL YHDGR (X JRVWR p GH KRPHP QmR GH
PHQLQRIHLWRYRFrIURX[RGHPHUGD
³9RFrpXPDSXWD
³3XWDPDVFRPRPDFKRTXHHXJRVWR(VVHQHJUmR
PHFRPHX WUrV GLDV HP VHJXLGD 6HP SDUDU 9RFr p XP PHQLQR
SHUWRGHOH(VHHXHVWRXJUiYLGDpGHOH,VVRpSUDYRFrVDEHUH
QmRVHPHWHUDEHVWD9RXWHUPDLVXPILOKRGHOH
$R RXYLU LVVR 5H\ ILFRX WRWDOPHQWH ORXFR 3HJRX D
IDTXLQKDHGHXPVyJROSHOKHUDVJRXDIDFHHVTXHUGDGDRUHOKD
DWpRTXHL[R8PFRUWHWmRSURIXQGRTXHS{VjYLVWDRVRVVRVRV
WHQG}HV RV GHQWHV *RVWRX GH YrOD DVVLP GHVILJXUDGD FRP R
URVWRUDVJDGRHRVDQJXHFRUUHQGRSHVFRoRDEDL[R
³(VWiYHQGRSXWDHXpTXHVRXKRPHP9LX"
(OD DWHUURUL]DGD OHYRX DV PmRV j IHULGD H FRQWLQXRX
JULWDQGRSDUDHOH
³ 9HDGR ILOKRGDSXWD (VVH QHJUR YDL PDWDU YRFr
9RXERWDUHOHQDVXDFRODSUDPDWDUYRFr
5H\ Mi VHP FRQWUROH DFHUWRXOKH RXWUR FRUWH QR
SHVFRoR
&RUWRXOKH D FDUyWLGD 'H XP Vy JROSH 8P MRUUR GH
VDQJXH YRRXH HQVRSRX DPERV 0DJGD DEULX RV ROKRV
GHVPHVXUDGDPHQWH
2XWUR MRUUR GH VDQJXH FRP IRUoD 2 ERPEHDU GR
FRUDomR2XWURPDLVPXLWRPDLVIUDFR0DJGDGHVPDLRX&DLXQR
FKmR%URWRXPXLWRVDQJXHGDTXHODIHULGD(PRUUHXHPTXHVWmR
GH VHJXQGRV 5H\ HP FKRTXH QmR VDELD R TXH ID]HU 7LURX D
URXSD GH0DJGD 'HVSLXVH $PERV RV FRUSRV FREHUWRV GH
VDQJXH SHJDMRVR &RDJXODQGR UDSLGDPHQWH $ WHUUD DEVRUYLD R
VDQJXH $LQGDHVWDYD TXHQWH ( 5H\ WHYH XPD HUHomR $EULX DV
SHUQDVGHOD
,QWURGX]LXRSDX(ODQmRVHPH[LD
³0H[HGHVJUDoDGDPH[HHSX[DDPLQKDSRUUDSXWD
GHPHUGD)DODDOJXPDFRLVDYDLIDODDOJXPDFRLVD
(P SRXFRV VHJXQGRV 5H\ VROWRX VHX VrPHQ 7LURX R
SDXDLQGD HUHWR HVFRUUHQGR SRUUD H VHQWRXVH QD EDUULJD GH
0DJGD
(VWDYD HVFXUHFHQGR ( DOL ILFRX 6HQWDGR HP FLPD GR
FDGiYHUQRPHLRGDSRoDGHVDQJXH1RHVFXURVHPVDEHURTXH
ID]HU
$FDERX VH OHYDQWDQGR 7LQKD D FDEHoD YD]LD 1mR VH
RXYLDQDGD6y R IHGRU UHSHOHQWH GR GHSyVLWR GH OL[R D UHFRUGDU
TXHQmR HVWDYD VR]LQKR QR LQXQGR 9ROWRX D HQWUDU 3URFXURX
XPWRFR GH YHOD DFHQGHXR SDUD ROKDU EHP SDUD 0DJGD
$SUR[LPRXD OX] GR URVWR GHOD 7LQKD XPD H[SUHVVmR
LQVXSRUWiYHO GH KRUURU ( RV ROKRV DEHUWRV 2 FRUWH QD IDFH
HVTXHUGD D GHL[DYD DLQGDPDLV UHSHOHQWH )RL SDVVDQGR D OX]
GHWDOKDGDPHQWHSRU WRGR RFRUSR FREHUWR GH FURVWDV GH VDQJXH
2VSHLWLQKRVPtQLPRVRXPELJRRV SHQWHOKRVGD SpOYLV 8KKK
WHYH RXWUD HUHomR 3{V DYHOD QD WHUUD 0DVWXUERXVH XP SRXFR
&RPRROKDUIL[RQDERFHWDGH0DJGD$EULXDFRPRVGHGRVH
S{VDYHODEHPSHUWRSDUDYHUPHOKRU
³1mRYRXVROWDUDSRUUDIRUD1HPSHQVHQLVVR
3HQHWURXD1XQFDKDYLDVHQWLGRXPDFRLVDWmRIULDHP
VHXSDX ( JR]RX HP VHJXLGD 6HP WRFDU PDLV HP FLPD GHOD
1mRTXHULD ROKDU (VWDYD KLSQRWL]DGR SHOD ERFHWD GH 0DJGD 2
UHVWRGR FRUSR HUD XP PRQWXUR GH VDQJXH FRDJXODGR 4XDQGR
VROWRXDSRUUDWLURXRSDX6DFXGLXRVUHVWRVHGLVVHDHODHPYR]
DOWD
³ 9i JR]DU GH RXWUR 0DJGDOHQD (X VRX R 5HL GH
+DYDQD
1LQJXpP PH JR]D PXLWR PHQRV XPD SXWD GH UXD TXH
QHPYRFr
$JRUDHVWDYDVDWLVIHLWR$SDJRXRWRFRGHYHOD'HLWRX
VHHGRUPLXWUDQTLODPHQWHWRGDDQRLWH
EHP
1R GLD VHJXLQWH DFRUGRX DR DPDQKHFHU H VH VHQWLX
2OKRX R FDGiYHU D VHX ODGR FREHUWR GH VDQJXH FRP
DTXHODH[SUHVVmRGHKRUURU(YROWRXDIDODUFRPHOD
³9DLPHJR]DU"9DLFRQWLQXDUPHJR]DQGR"2OKHR
TXHDFRQWHFHX&RQWLQXHPHJR]DQGRTXHFRUWRYRFrPDLVDLQGD
(XVRXR5HLGH+DYDQDHTXHURUHVSHLWR
&KHJRX j SRUWD 7UDQTLOLGDGH DEVROXWD 1LQJXpP
SRUSHUWR 2OKRX DV SUySULDV PmRV RV EUDoRV R SHLWR (VWDYD
LPXQGRGHWDQWRVDQJXHFRDJXODGR$WpRFDEHORHVWDYDSHJDMRVR
5DVSRXVH FRP D IDTXLQKD &XLGDGRVDPHQWH 5DVSRX D
VHFRWRGDV DV FURVWDV 3URFXURX QRV EROVRV GD EOXVD GH 0DJGD
1DGDPDV HQFRQWURX XPD VDFROD SOiVWLFD 1R HVFXUR QmR WLQKD
YLVWRDTXLOR &RQWLQKD WULQWD SHVRV GRLV SmHV FLJDUURV XPD
FDPLVDOLPSD &RPHX RV SmHV H[SHULPHQWRXD FDPLVD &DLXOKH
EHP
*XDUGRXRGLQKHLURHRVFLJDUURV6DLX3{VXPSHGDoRGH
ODWDQDSRUWDEHPFDOoDGDFRPXPSHGDoRGHIHUUR(DIDVWRXVH
DWpD HVWUDGD (UD SRXFR SURYiYHO TXH DOJXpP HQFRQWUDVVH
DTXHODFDVLQKD URGHDGD GH HUYDV GDQLQKDV H VXFDWD %DVWDYD VH
DIDVWDUXP SRXFR H Mi QmR VH YLD D FDVLQKD EHP FDPXIODGD QR
PHLRGHWRGDDSRUFDULD
&RQWLQXRX DQGDQGR FRP VXD SHUQD PDQFD DSRLDGR
QDEHQJDOD 6HQWLDVH EHP OLYUH LQGHSHQGHQWH WUDQTLOR $Wp
DOHJUH4XDVHHXIyULFR)RLDWp5HJLD$WUDYHVVRXWRGDDDOGHLD
&KHJRXDRFDLV&RPSURXXPDJDUUDIDGHUXPHVHQWRXVH
MXQWRDR PDU QDTXHOHV GHJUDXV GH TXH WDQWR JRVWDYD ­ VXD
IUHQWH XPHVSDoR GH DUHLD PDQFKDGD GH SHWUyOHR H UHVtGXRV GH
WRGRWLSR
$V VXDV FRVWDV D LJUHMD 1D IUHQWH D EDtD FRP SRXFRV
EDUFRVIXQGHDGRV 0DLV DGLDQWH +DYDQD HVSOrQGLGD ERQLWD
VHGXWRUD
­ VXD HVTXHUGD D EDUFD GH SDVVDJHLURV HQWUDYD H VDtD
FDUUHJDGDD FDGD TXLQ]H RX YLQWH PLQXWRV +DYLD XP VRO IRUWH
PDVWDPEpPVLOrQFLRHVROLGmR$OJXQVPHQLQRVFKDSLQKDYDPQD
RUODHQILDGRV QD iJXD VXMD GH SHWUyOHR ORGR GHMHWRV (UD XPD
ERDLGpLD (OH WDPEpP VH HQILRX QD iJXD MXQWDQGR DV IRUoDV H
VHHVIUHJRX XP SRXFR 7LURX DV FURVWDV GH VDQJXH TXH DLQGD
UHVWDYDP 6DLX H WRUQRX D VHQWDUVH SODFLGDPHQWH QRV GHJUDXV
EHEHQGRUXPROKDQGRDSDLVDJHPVHPSHQVDUHPQDGD
$FDERX D JDUUDID -RJRXD QR PDU (VWDYD ErEDGR
FRPRXPDFDEUD3HQVRXTXHWLQKDGHHQWHUUDU0DJGD2XMRJiOD
QDiJXD
´$OJXPD FRLVD WHQKR TXH ID]HU SRUTXH VH RV XUXEXV
HQFRQWUDP
SRUUD RV XUXEXV -i GHYHP HVWDU URGHDQGR SUD FRPHU D
0DJGDµ
%rEDGRPDQFDQGRWRPEDQGRDSUHVVDGRYROWRXSDUD
VXDFDVLQKD,DSHQVDQGR
´2VXUXEXVQmRSRGHPDOPRoDUD0DJGD
1mR ,VVR HX QmR SRVVR SHUPLWLU 7HP TXH UHVSHLWDU R
FDGiYHU GDGHIXQWD FRPR QmR" WHP TXH UHVSHLWDU R FDGiYHU
GHVVDSXWLQKDKDKDKDµ
4XDQGR FKHJRX Mi HUD GH QRLWH (VWDYD DLQGD PXLWR
ErEDGR 1mR HQ[HUJDYD QDGD QR HVFXUR 7LURX D WDPSD GH ODWD
GDSRUWD H XP EDIR GH FDORU H FKHLUR GH PRUWR DSRGUHFLGR OKH
DWLQJLXRQDUL](PVXDEHEHGHLUDIDORXGRFHPHQWH
PH[HU
³(DVVLPTXHYRFrWHPGHILFDU4XLHWLQKD6HPVH
(P VLOrQFLR 5HVSHLWDQGR VHX PDULGR ,VVR DFRQWHFHX
SRUTXHYRFrpUHVSRQGRQD6HQmRIRVVHWmRGHVFDUDGDQmRWLQKD
DFRQWHFLGRLVVR7iYHQGR"9RFrPHHQFKHX7HPTXHDSUHQGHU
DUHVSHLWDU 0DJGD ERP DJRUD QmR DJRUD QmR YDL PDLV
DSUHQGHUVHIRGHX0DJGDVHIRGHX
$WLURXVH QD HQ[HUJD H GRUPLX LQVWDQWDQHDPHQWH 1R
GLDVHJXLQWH D PRUWD IHGLD DLQGD PDLV 2 VRO EULOKDYD H GHQWUR
GDFDVLQKD R FDORU H D XPLGDGH DFHOHUDYDP D SXWUHIDomR GR
FDGiYHU 5H\ DFRUGRX ILFRX ROKDQGR SDUD HOD XP ERP WHPSR
1mRSHQVDYDHPQDGD(VWDYDFRPGRUGHFDEHoDHRFRUSRWRGR
OKHGRtD FRP D UHVVDFD 4XHULD PHVPR HUD LU SDUD D FDVD GR
FDUDOKRHGHL[DU0DJGDDOL3DUDRVXUXEXV
³2TXHHXIDoRFRPYRFrSXWDGHPHUGD"3XWLQKD
GHPHUGD GHVFDUDGD 2QGH p TXH HQILR YRFr" 2 TXH YRFr
PHUHFLDHUDTXHRVXUXEXVDFRPHVVHP
/HYDQWRXVHHVDLXDQGDQGRHQWUHRVPDWRVHRVIHUURV
HQIHUUXMDGRV 6XELX XP SHTXHQR PRQWH /i GH FLPD YLDVH R
GHSyVLWR GH OL[R D FHP PHWURV +DYLD JHQWH 8PD HVFDYDGHLUD
UHYROYLD R OL[R DPRQWRDQGR $OJXQV FDPLQK}HV GHVFDUUHJDYDP
'H]RXGR]HVXMHLWRVUHPH[LDPSURFXUDQGRFRLVDVQDSRUFDULD
´8KPPPDTXLPHVPR+RMHGHQRLWHYRXHQWHUUDUYRFr
Dt0DJGDOHQLWDµ SHQVRX (VFRQGLGR HQWUH RV PDWRV SURFXURX
XPERPOXJDU7LQKDGHHQWHUUiODQXPSRQWRDUHMDGRHVHJXUR
1mRSRGLD VHU HQFRQWUDGD GHSUHVVD 3RU QLQJXpP 1HP SHORV
FDFKRUURV QHP SHORV XUXEXV QHP SHODV SHVVRDV 'LVWUDLXVH
DQDOLVDQGRSRURQGHSRGHULDHQWUDUQRGHSyVLWR GH OL[R H RQGH
DEULU XPEXUDFR 4XDQGR Mi VDELD EHP R TXH ID]HU YROWRX SDUD
VXD FDVLQKD VHP TXH R YLVVHP 2 IHGRU GH 0DJGDOHQD HUD
WHUUtYHO
³7iERPPRQVWUDWiERP(VWDQRLWHYRFrYDLSUy
EXUDFR3DUHGHDSRGUHFHUSRUUD2TXHYRFrpFDSD]GHID]HUVy
SUDHQFKHURVDFRDWpGHSRLVGHPRUWD3UDPHJR]DUDWpGHSRLV
GHPRUWD1mRVHMDSRUFDHPRQVWUD1mRDSRGUHoDPDLV
3DVVRXRUHVWRGRGLD QD VRPEUD 5HFRVWDGR QD SRUWD
GDFDVLQKD­WDUGHDOJXQVXUXEXVFRPHoDUDPDYRDUHPFtUFXOR
HPFLPD GH VXD FDEHoD $OJXQV GHVFLDP OHQWDPHQWH 3RXVDYDP
DYLQWHRXWULQWDPHWURV(VWXGDQGRRWHUUHQR7LQKDPIDUHMDGR
DFDUQLoD ´&KHJDUDP RV VHXV DPLJXLQKRV 0DJGDOHQLWD YRFr
QmRYDL DWHQGHU" 6DLD H DWHQGD VHXV DPLJRV 0DJGDOHQLWD 9i
EULQTXHP GH FRPLGLQKD (OHV FRPHP YRFr H YRFr ILFD EHP
TXLHWLQKD KDKDKDµ $WLURX SHGUDV FRQWUD RV XUXEXV $V DYHV
YRDYDPGDYDP XQV JLURV H YROWDYDP D SRXVDU $ YRFDomR
FDUQLFHLUDHUDR~QLFRVHQWLGRGHVXDYLGD(WLQKDPGHREHGHFHU
DHOH
$ILQDO IH]VH QRLWH (OH ILFRX PXLWR WUDQTLOR
(VFXWDQGR
1mRVHDSUHVVRX3HQVRX
´9RFrpFREUDSRPEDHHVSDGD9RFrpR5HL7UDQTLOR
VHPSUHVVD$SXWLQKDTXHHVSHUHXPSRXFRPDLVµ
1DGD 6LOrQFLR DEVROXWR (QWURX QD FDVLQKD 1D
HVFXULGmRDSDOSRX R FDGiYHU 5tJLGR IULR IHGHQGR FRPR R
GLDER)H]XPHVIRUoRFFDUUHJRXRVREUHRRPEUR
³3URQWRSXWDGHPHUGDYDP
ERUD
-i FRQKHFLD R FDPLQKR 'HYDJDU VHP SUHVVD
UHSULPLQGRRGHVHMRGHVROWDUDTXHOHFRUSRWmRIHGLGR2FDGiYHU
VROWDYDOtTXLGRVYLVFRVRVHUHSHOHQWHVSHORVRXYLGRVQDUL]ERFD
ROKRV)RLGHL[DQGRXPUDVWURDVTXHURVDPHQWHRORURVR&KHJRX
DR DOWR GRPRQWH $JDFKRXVH 2EVHUYRX XP ERP WHPSR 1mR
KDYLD QLQJXpP HP OXJDU QHQKXP 'HVFHX OHQWDPHQWH DWp R
GHSyVLWR GHOL[R FDPLQKDQGR QR PHLR GR PDWR &KHJRX DRV
JUDQGHV PRQWHV GH OL[R HP SXWUHIDomR H VH HQWHUURX DWp RV
MRHOKRV $QGRXXP SRXFR PDLV H FKHJRX DR ORFDO TXH WLQKD
SUHYLVWR-RJRXDOLRFDGiYHUHFRPHoRXDHVFDYDUFRPDVPmRV
&DYRX XP ERPWHPSR DIDVWDQGR REMHWRV SRUFDULD VHGLPHQWDGD
FRPRVDQRV
'HUHSHQWHVHQWLXXPDGRUQRSp(RXWUD2OKRX5DWRV
0XLWRVUDWRVRPRUGLDP/XWRXFRPHOHVDWLUDQGROKHVFRLVDV2V
UDWRVHVWDYDPFRPHQGRRFDGiYHU9LQWH7ULQWD$SDUHFLDPPDLV
HPDLV4XDUHQWD0XLWRVPDLV0RUGHUDPVHXVEUDoRVDVPmRVD
FDUD$UUHEDWRXGHOHVRFDGiYHU2VUDWRVFKLDYDPHVHDWLUDYDP
FRQWUDHOH
³9DPRVILOKRVGDSXWD9DPRV6DLDPGRPHLR,VWR
DTXLYDLSUyEXUDFR
&RQVHJXLX MRJDU R FDGiYHU QR EXUDFR 2V UDWRV
FRQWLQXDUDP PRUGHQGR HQORXTXHFLGRV FRP R SUHVXQWR
$UUDQFDYDPSHGDoRV GR FDGiYHU ( R PRUGLDP DUUDQFDQGROKH
SHGDoRV GHSHOH -RJRX R OL[R HP FLPD GR FDGiYHU H GRV UDWRV
&REULX WXGRFRPR S{GH $OJXQV UDWRV FRQWLQXDUDP IRUD
DWDFDQGRVHPSDUDU
3RUILPWHUPLQRX7LQKDWRGRRFRUSRGRORULGR'H]HQDV
GHPRUGLGDV &HP WDOYH] 2X PDLV (UDP UDWRV HQRUPHV IRUWHV
VHOYDJHQV+DYLDPOKH DUUDQFDGR SHGDoRV GRV EUDoRV GDV PmRV
GRURVWR GR YHQWUH GDV SHUQDV (VWDYD GHVIHLWR 6DLX DQGDQGR
FRPRFRQVHJXLX VH DUUDVWDQGR DWp D FDVLQKD /HYRX TXDVH XPD
KRUDSDUDFKHJDU(QWURXHVHDWLURXQDHQ[HUJD(VWDYDHQMRDGR
FRPQiXVHDV'RtDOKHRFRUSRWRGR'RUPLX
4XDQGRDFRUGRXQmRVDELDVHHUDGHGLDRXGH QRLWH
4XDVHQmR SRGLD DEULU RV ROKRV 1mR VDELD PDV HVWDYD FRP
TXDUHQWDJUDXV GH IHEUH TXH FRQWLQXRX VXELQGR DWp TXDUHQWD H
GRLV
9RPLWRX$VQiXVHDVRHQM{RDGRUGHFDEHoDRGHOtULR
GDIHEUH
7XGRVHMXQWRXSDUDHVPDJiORFRPRVHIRVVHXPDEDUDWD
(QmRFRQVHJXLXS{UVHGHSp,PDJHQVORXFDVOKHSDVVDYDPSHOD
FDEHoD 8PD DWUiV GD RXWUD 6XD PmH PRUUHQGR FRP DTXHOH
DoRHQWHUUDGR QR FpUHEUR 6XD DYy GXUD QD IUHQWH GHOH 2
LUPmRHVWDWHODGRQRDVIDOWR(OHFRPRVDQWLQKRSHGLQGRHVPROD
(VWDYDFRP PXLWD VHGH 4XHULD iJXD ´0DJGD PH Gi iJXD
ÉJXD0DJGD iJXD 0DJGD iJXD 0DJGD iJXDµ PDV QmR
FRQVHJXLDIDODUVySHQVDYD7HYHXPDPRUWHWHUUtYHO6XDDJRQLD
GXURXVHLVGLDVFRPVXDVQRLWHV$WpTXHSHUGHXRVVHQWLGRV3RU
ILPPRUUHX 6HX FRUSR Mi HVWDYD DSRGUHFHQGR SRU FDXVD GDV
~OFHUDVIHLWDV SHORV UDWRV 2 FDGiYHU VH FRUURPSHX HP SRXFDV
KRUDV
&KHJDUDPRVXUXEXV ( R GHYRUDUDP SRXFR D SRXFR 2
IHVWLPGXURXTXDWURGLDV)RLGHYRUDGROHQWDPHQWH4XDQWRPDLV
DSRGUHFLD PDLV JRVWDYDP GDTXHOD FDUQLoD ( QLQJXpP MDPDLV
ILFRXVDEHQGRGHQDGD
+DYDQD

Documentos relacionados

CQ 2013 - 2ª Rodada

CQ 2013 - 2ª Rodada CQ 2013 - 2ª Rodada Modalidades: Prova Cruzada e PRA Informações sobre os doadores das amostras de soro e sangue

Leia mais

Sintese

Sintese $QWRQLR &DUORV 7ROHGR H[SOLFRX DLQGD SRUTXH D ,QFHQWLYH +RXVH QmR XWLOL]D GLQKHLUR QDV SUHPLDo}HVGHSURJUDPDVGHLQFHQWLYR$SHVVRD SDJDXPFKRSSSDJDXPDFRQWDHFDGr"'LQKHLUR Y...

Leia mais

$48$5(/$ `2 %5$6,/ $U\ %DUURVR DUU -RDR *LOEHUWR

$48$5(/$ `2 %5$6,/ $U\ %DUURVR DUU -RDR *LOEHUWR (VVHFRTXHLUDTXHGDFRFR2LRQGHDPDUURDPLQKDUHGHQDVQRLWHVFODUDVGHOXDU

Leia mais

Beautiful Queen Esther Portuguese CB6

Beautiful Queen Esther Portuguese CB6 +i PXLWR WHPSRDWUiVKDYLD XPD OLQGD PRoD FKDPDGD (VWHU6HX SDL HVXD PmH PRUUHUDP FHGR H(VWHUILFRX FRPRVHX WLR 0RUGHFDL (VWHU KRQUDYD RVHX WLRREHGHFHQGR D HOH FRPR XPD ERD ILOKD

Leia mais