dockaspiis ganviTarebis mrCevelTa komisia Sualeduri
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kaspiis ganviTarebis mrCevelTa komisia Sualeduri
proeqti 2003 wlis 24 ivlisi kaspiis ganviTarebis mrCevelTa komisia Sualeduri angariSi azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (ivlisi 2003) DC: 886084-2 sarCevi nawili I mokle mimoxilva ............................................................................................... 1 nawili II Sesavali........................................................................................................... 14 a. komisia da misi uflebamosileba.............................................................. 15 b. kaspiis proeqtebis mimoxilva ................................................................. 20 g. kaspiis proeqtebis strategiuli mniSvneloba ............................................. 21 nawili III ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimi ........................................................................ 25 a) ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimis mimoxilva .................................................... 26 b) samarTlebrivi standartebisa da RonisZiebebis ganmarteba ............................ 27 g. adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi.......................................... 28 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba ........................................................................... 30 a) mosalodneli Semosavlebis dinamika da menejmenti...................................... 32 1. azerbaijani.................................................................................. 32 2. saqarTvelo.................................................................................. 34 3. gamWvirvalobis sakiTxebi......................................................... 36 b). Sesyidvebi, dasaqmeba da mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi ............................. 37 1. Sesyidvebi......................................................................................... 38 2. dasaqmeba ........................................................................................ 40 g) adgilobrivad xelmisawvdomi energomatareblebi........................................... 42 1. saqarTvelo ......................................................................................... 42 2. azerbaijani.......................................................................................... 44 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze ................................................................. 47 a) azerbaijani..................................................................................................... 48 1. naburRi qanebi................................................................................... 48 2. navTobis daRvra ................................................................................ 50 3. sangaCalis terminali ........................................................................... 51 4. samecniero informaciis gamoqveyneba ............................................ 52 b) saqarTvelo .................................................................................................... 53 1. navTobsadenis marSruti ............................................................. 53 2. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................. 57 g) eqspluataciis SeCereba/likvidacia ................................................................. 58 3. eqspluataciis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebuli sakontraqto struqtura 58 I nawili VI 4. sazRvao Senoba-nagebobebis da mowyobilobebis likvidacia ..... 59 5. saxmeleTo Senoba-nagebobebis da danadgarebis likvidacia ....... 61 socialur garemoze zegavlena....................................................................... 63 a) miwis Sesyidva, ekonomikuri gadanacvleba da kompensacia ........................ 65 1. miwis Sesyidvisa da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mimoxilva ................................................................................................... 65 2. miwis kompensaciis procesi ....................................................... 68 b.) kulturuli memkvidreobis menejmenti........................................................... 71 1. kulturuli memkvidreobis menejmentis dagegmva ....................... 71 1. gobustanis nakrZali .................................................................... 72 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi ..................................................................................... 74 a. BP-s arsebuli sainvesticio programebi ........................................................... 75 1. sazogadoebaTa investiciebi ................................................................ 76 2. garemos dacvis investiciebi ................................................................ 77 3. socialuri investiciebi........................................................................... 77 b. rekomendaciebi mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis investiciebze................ 78 nawili VIII daskvnebi ............................................................................................... 83 nawili IX danarTebi................................................................................................ 86 danarTi a krebebis da konsultaciebis monawileTa sia ....................................... 87 danarTi b uflebamosilebis pirobebi................................................................... 94 danarTi g komisiis wevrTa biografia ................................................................ 96 Semoklebebis sia ACG azeri-Cirag-gunaSlis sazRvao navTobsabadoebi II AIOC azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso saoperacio kompania APLR miwismflobelTa uflebebis dacvis asociacia BTC baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadenis kompani BTC pipeline baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadeni BPEO garemos dacvis TvalsazrisiT saukeTeso praqtikulad ganxorcielebadi varianti CAS arqeologiuri kvlevis centri CDAP kaspiis ganviTarebis mrCevelTa komisia CHM Plans kulturuli memkvidreobis menejmentis gegmebi CIP sazogadoebrivi (Temis) investiciebis programa CLEE iuridiuli da ekonomikuri ganaTlebis centri EBRD evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki EIP garemos dacvis investiciis programa EITI mompovebeli industriis gamWvirvaleobis iniciativa ESIA bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba GGIC saqarTvelos gazis saerTaSoriso kompania GGMW saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompania GIOC saqarTvelos navTobis saerTaSoriso korporacia HGA xelSekruleba teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobasTan IDPs iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi IFC saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia IGA xelSekruleba sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebs Soris IMF saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi IMO saerTaSoriso sazRvao organizacia NGO arasamTvarobo organizacia PSA xelSekruleba produqciis wilobriv ganawilebaze PRSP siRaribis donis Semcirebis strategiis dokumenti RAP gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegma SCP samxreT kavkasiis milsadeni SIP socialuri investiciis programa SME mcire da saSualo sawarmo SOCAR azerbaijanis respublikis saxelmwifo navTobkompania SOFAZ azerbaijanis respublikis navTobis saxelmwifo fondi III USAID aSS-s saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento WWF msoflio bunebis dacvis fondi IV nawili I mokle mimoxilva Page 1 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva winamdebare dokumenti warmoadgnes kaspiis ganviTarebis mrCevelTa komisiis (CDAP, an komisia) pirvel Sualedur angariSs. komisia daniSnulia BP–s jgufis mTavari aRmasrulebeli xelmZRvanlis, lord jon braunis mier 2003 wlis ianvarSi, rogorc damoukidebeli mowveuli sakonsulatcio organo, raTa warudginos lord brauns da BP-s obieqturi rCevebi baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis (BTC-s milsadeni) da amasTan dakavSirebuli BP–s sxva saqmianobebis ekonomikuri, ekologiuri da socialuri zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom komisias afinansebs BP, kompaniam komisias sruli damoukidebloba mianiWa. sami wlis uflebamosilebiT Camoyalibebuli komisiis wevrebi arian Jan leSli (Tavmjdomare), stuart eizenStati, jim makneili da mohamed sahnouni. komisiam Caatara Sexvedrebi saxelmwifo moxeleebTan, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, wamyvan kvleviT organizaciebTan, akademikosebTan da sxva eqspertebTan londonSi, vaSingtonSi, azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. radgan 2003 wlis martSi komisiis viziti kaspiis regionSi eraySi omis dawyebas daemTxva, komisiam ver SeZlo TurqeTSi gamgzavreba. amitom, winamdebare Sualeduri angariSi exeba mxolod azerbajans da saqarTvelos. komisia TurqeTSi gaemgzavreba 2003 wlis Semodgomaze da moamzadebs meore angariSs, romelSic aqcents ZiriTadad am bazarze gaakeTebs. BP warmoadgens wamyvan investors mopovebiTi nawilis or mTavar mimarTulebaSi – kerZod, kaspiis zRvaze navTobisa da gazis resursebis ganaviTareba da ori milsadeni, msoflio bazarze gazis da navTobis eqsportirebisTvis TurqeTis gavliT (erTad “proeqtebi”). kerZod, BP da misi partniorebi ganaviTareben azeri-Cirag-gunaSlis (ACG) navTobis sabados da azerbaijanis sanapirosTan Sah denizis gazis sabadoebis ganviTarebaze muSaoben. amasTan erTad, BP da misi partniorebi aSeneben baqo- Page 2 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva Tbilisi-jeihanis (BTC) milsadens ACG-Si mopovebuli navTobis transportirebisTvis jeihanis portamde xmelTaSua zRvaSi da samxreT kavkasiis milsadens (SCP) Sah denizis gazis sabadoebSi mopovebuli navTobis transportirebisTvis baqodan TurqeTis sazRvramde. komisiis azriT, ACG-s da Sah denizis sabadoebis ganviTareba, BTC-s da SCP-s milsadenebis mSeneblobasTan erTad, Zalian didi strategiuli mniSvnelobis proeqtebia maspinZeli qveynebisTvisac da mTeli msofliosTvisac. azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelosTvis kaspiis energetikuli resursebis ganviTareba iZleva SesaZleblobas, mravalferovani gaxadon momaragebis wyaro, daaCqaron ekonomikuri ganviTareba da gaaZlieron axladwarmoSobili demokratiuli institutebi. proeqtebi agreTve bunebrivi gaziT momaragebis mniSvnelovan SesaZleblobas miscems TurqeTs. amasTan erTad, milsadenis marSruti iTvaliswinebs naxSirwyalbadis eqsports TurqeTis gavliT pirdapir xmelTaSua zRvaze da Tavidan icilebs tankeris damatebiT moZraobas ekonomikurad mniSvnelovan da ekologiurad mgrZnobiare bosforis sruteSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom komisia gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvs proeqtis amJamindel istoriuli SesaZlebloba azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos ekonomikisTvis, komisia agreTve informirebulia arsebuli mniSvnelovani riskebis Sesaxebac. kerZod, navTobisa da gazis simdidre SesaZloa ganviTarebis “wyevlad” iqces, Tu Semosavlebi daukavSirdeba marTvis sust da ganuviTrebel struqturebs, mTavrobis funqciebis gamWvirvaleobis naklebobas, ganuviTarebel samoqalaqo sazogadoebebs da farTo ekonomikur saWiroebebs. aseT qveynebSi energiis simdidrem SesaZloa ufro SeaCeros, vidre gaaZlieros zrda da ganviTareba. azerbaijanSi arsebobs garkveuli viTareba, romlebic xSirad navTobisa da gazis “wyevlasTan” aris dakavSirebuli, saqarTvelo Page 3 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva msgavsi riskebis winaSe sxva mizezebis gamo dgeba. rasakvirvelia, sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisas, orive qveyana garkveuli farTo problemebis winaSe dgeba BP– s xelmZRvanelobis qveS myofi kaspiis proeqtebidan ekonomikuri sargebelis mopovebisas. komisia agreTve aRniSnavs yoveldRiurad erT milionze meti bareli navTobis da aseve mniSvnelovani raodenobis bunebrivi gazis gadatanis Seusabamobas soflebSi an qalaqlebSi an maT maxloblad, sadac saxlebSi ar aris gaTboba da eleqtroenergia. komisiis azriT, aseTi Seusabamoba ar iqneba arc jansaRi da arc mdgradi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi. Tu maspinZeli qveynebi ver moagvareben winaswar ekonomikuri Semosavlis marTvis sakiTxs mosaxleobis sasargeblod, BP da misi partniorebi SesaZloa damsaxurebuli Tu daumsaxurebeli kritikis obieqtad iqcnen imis gamo, rom ganviTarebul qveynebSi proeqtis partniorebis da maTi momxmareblebis sasargeblod resursebis da Sesabamisi mogebis eqsportirebisas ver daexmarnen regions gamoeyenebina istoriuli SesaZlebloba da daegrovebina kapitali. komisias kargad esmis, rom BP da, faqtiurad, misi yvela partniori warmoadgenen kerZo seqtors da sargebelis umetesoba, romelic mosalodnelia kaspiis navTobisa da gazis ganviTarebidan, SeiZleba uzrunvelyofili iyos mxolod maspinZeli qveynebis mTavrobebis suverenuli qmedebis saSualebiT. amave dros, proeqtebi aucileblad moaxdenen garkveuli zemoqmedebas regionis ekonomikur da saocialur ganviTarebaze, da BP-s da mis partniorebs Sesabamisad esmiT, rom isini arian da darCebian mTavar moqmed pirebad proeqtis moqmedebis periodSi. komisiis azriT, maT aqvT SesaZlebloba da pozitiuri wvlili unda Seitanon regionis ganviTarebaSi. ufro Page 4 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva konkretulad, kaspiis proeqtebi SesaZeblobas aZlevs BP-s SeimuSaos axali modeli an nimuSi mTavari, mravalerovnuli sawarmoebis mier farTomasStabiani, mompovebeli mrewvelobis investirebisTvis ganviTarebad da gardaqmnis periodSi myof qveynebSi. winamdebare Sualedur angariSSi komisia gvTavazobs rig rekomendaciebs, romlebic komisiis azriT, daexmareba BP-s am miznis miRwevaSi. winamdebare mokle mimoxilvaSi gamoyofili da Sejamebulia xuTi vrceli sfero, romlebic, komisiis azriT, imsaxurebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas da ganxilvas. mdgradi ganviTareba kaspiis ganviTarebis fondis Seqmnis saSualebiT komisia ganixilavs da gvTavazobs rig rekomendaciebs investiciebisTvis regionSi, BP-s da sxvaTa iniciativebis xelSewyobiT proeqtis farglebs gareT. BP-m gadadga da gadadgams konkretul nabijebs imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom sargebeli proeqtSi investirebuli 20 miliard dolarze meti Tanxidan saTanadod ganawildes da azerbaijanis, saqarTvelos da TurqeTis moqalaqeebs, gansakuTrebiT milsadenis marSrutze, saSualeba hqondeT dainaxon proeqtis Sedegad maTi cxovrebis aSkara gaumjobeseba. Tu BP samive qveynis mTavrobebTan erTad xels Seuwyobs sargeblis warmoqmnas, is marTlac Semqnis axal models farTomasStabiani, mompovebeli mrewvelobis investiciebisTvis ganviTarebad qveynebSi. BP-m unda wamoiwyos sami damoukidebeli investiciis programa, romlebSic is da misi partniorebi Cadeben aTobiT milion dolars saTemo, ekologiur da socialur proeqtebSi momavali xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. BP-m mis mier momzadebuli dokumentSi “regionaluri mimoxilva” logikurad daasabuTa aseTi investiciebis saWiroeba. BP-m da misma partniorebma ukve daafinanses mniSvnelovani proeqtebi sazogadoebrivi investiciis programis meSveobiT da warmoadgines winadadebebi Page 5 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva garemosdacviTi investiciebis programebis saSualebiT. magaliTad, Temis investiciis programis grantebi gamiznulia Temis mobilizaciis gaumjobesebisTvis, jandacvis gaZlierebisTvis da mikro dafinansebis gafarToebisTvis azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. es programebi mniSvnelovania da pozitiuri zemoqmedeba unda moaxdinon regionze. komisia gvTavazobs, rom BP-m mniSvnelovnad gaafarTovos dafinanseba, damatebiTi investiciebis moculoba da vada regionSi. kerZod, komisia, aRiarebs ra integrirebuli, erTiani da regionaluri midgomis saWiroebas, rekomendacias iZleva, rom BP-m Seqmnas saSualeba, romelic gaaerTianebs BP-s saTemo, socialuri da ekologiuri investiciis fondebs. komisia agreTve iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m waaxalisos sxva kerZo seqtoris organizaciebi da sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis organizaciebi, raTa wvlili Seitanon iseT iniciativaSi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos kaspiis ganviTarebis fondis saxe. sxva mxareebis mier Senatani uzrunvelyofs, rom kaspiis ganviTarebis fondma isargeblos farTo mxardaWeriT da gamoiyenos regionSi moqmedi ganviTarebis organizaciebis resursebi da unarebi. kaspiis ganviTarebis fonds SeuZlia imoqmedos, rogorc ara momgebianma fondma, romelic meTvalyureobas gauwevs BP-s yvelas investicias mdgrad ganviTarebaSi sam qveyanaSi da imoqmedebs, rogorc bazisi sxva fuladi SemowirulobisTvis da rogorc sazogadoebisa da kerZo piris TanamSromlobis fasilitatori. imisTvis rom kaspiis ganviTarebis fonds maqsimaluri xangrZlivi zemoqmedebis moxdenis SesaZlebloba mieces, komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP– m Tavis Tavze aiRos mdgradi ganviTarebis investirebis valdebuleba mTlianad kaspiis regionSi; rom man gaagrZelos es valdebuleba mSeneblobis periodis Semdegac kaspiis proeqtis moqmedebis mTel periodSi; da rom BP-m gamoyos garantirebuli, grZelvadiani dafinansebis nakadi – romelic emyareba, magaliTad, proeqtis moqmedebis ganmavlobaSi Page 6 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva navTobis da gazis erTeulis transportirebis da/an produqciidan miRebul Semosavals – romelic sakmarisi iqneba am valdebulebis dakmayofilebisTvis da xangrZlivi zemoqmdebisTvis regionze. komisia Semdgom iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP Seecados gazardos investicia sxva saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis institutebTan TanamSromlobiT, romlebic regionSi moqmedeben. komisia agreTve iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m Cados investicia mdgrad ganviTarebaSi infrastruqturis – materialuri da adaminuri Seqmnis mizniT, romelic xels Seuwyobs ucxour pirdapir investicias da qveynis Sida ekonomikis zrdas xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi. amasTan erTad, komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom kaspiis ganviTarebis fondma upiratesoba mianiWos da aqcenti gaakeTos seqtorebze da unarebze, romlebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios yvelaze didi mdgradi zemoqmedeba. es sferoebi moicavs soflis meurneobas da turizms, romlebic rigi eqspertebis Tanaxmad, ara-energetikuli ekonomikuri seqtorebia da sruliad SesaZlebelia gamoiwvion ekonomikuri zrda azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi, da politikis reforma qveynis Sida energitikisa da bankis seqtorebSi. komisia agreTve iZleva rekomendacias, rom kaspiis ganviTarebis fondma dagegmos proeqtebi, romlebic ufro xelmisawvdoms gaxdis ganTlebas, rac gaaZlierebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebas da gazrdis unar-Cvevebis miRebis saSualebebs mcire da saSualo masStabis sawarmoebSi azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. Cvens Semdgom angariSSi, SemogTavazebT rogor SeiZleba iyos gamoyenbuli dafinanseba TurqeTSi. mcire da saSualo masStabis sawarmoebis gaZlierebis xelSewyoba komisiis azriT, BP-s mier mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis (SME) xelSewyoba Zalian mniSvnelovania maspinZel qveynebSi ekonomikis ganviTarebisTvis. BP-m mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga imisTvis, rom mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi sargebels iRebdnen qvekontraqtebSi monawileobis saSualebiT da unarCvevebis da Page 7 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva teqnkuri ganviTarebis saSualebiT. kerZod, komisia miesalmeba BP-s da partniorebis mier sawarmo centris Seqmnas baqoSi, romlis meSveobiTac adgilobriv mommarageblebs SeuZliaT kontraqti dadon proeqtebTan da imuSaon teqnikuri standartebis ukeT gaazrebaze, romlebsac moiTxoven BP da misi qvekontraqtorebi. mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis gasaZliereblad komisia gvTavazobs rig rekomendaciebs, maT Soris: muSaoba ganviTarebis organizaciebTan teqnikuri daxmarebis da sxva programebis uzrunvelsayofad, romlebic mimarTulia sabanko funqciebze, rac potenciurad sargebels moutans mcire da saSualo sawarmoebs; kreditebis dafinansebis da/an xelSesawyobis SesaZleblobebis ganxilva, romlebic SeiZleba Camoyalibdes regionuli ganviTarebis organizaciebis mier mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis sasargeblod; SeZlebisdagvarad, arateqnikuri mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis momsaxureobiT sargeblobis gaZliereba proeqtis saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad; da Sesyidvebis SesaZleblobebis dadgena mcire da saSaualo sawarmoebisTvis energetikis seqtoris gareT. gamWvirvaleobis da ideebis Tavisufali gacvlis gaumjobeseba komisiis azriT, BP-m SeiZleba mniSvnelovani da pozitiuri zemoqmedeba iqonios gamWvirvaleobis gaumjobesebaze da ideebis Tavisufali gacvlis gafarTovebaze qveynebSi, sadac man investicia Cado. adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis dafinansebasa da xelSewyobasTan erTad, komisia BP-s sTavazobs rig rekomendaciebs monacemebis gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebiT Semosavlebis Taobaze, romelsac proeqtebidan miiReben azerbaijanis da saqarTvelos mTavrobebi. nawilSi IV komisia agreTve iZleva rekomendacias ufro farTo iniciativebis Taobaze, romelic SeiZleba ganaxorcielos BP-m azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos mTavrobebis dasaxmareblad, raTa maT erTmaneTs daakavSiron Semosavlebis marTva da siRaribis donis Semcirebisa da ganviTarebis miznebi. Page 8 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva komisiis azriT, rac ufro gamWvirvalea informacia, romelsac BP da misi partiorebi awvdian sazogadoebas proeqtTan dakavSirebuli Semosavlebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac miiRebs maspinZeli qveynis mTavroba, potenciurad miT ufro angariSvaldebulni iqnebian mTavrobebi am fondebis xarjebTan dakavSirebiT. gamWvirvaleoba agreTve xels Seuwyobs dialogs da debatebs momavalSi Semosavlebis saTanado gamoyenebis Taobaze. komisia miesalmeba BP-s gadawyvetilebas, gamoaqveynos maspinZeli mTavrobebisTvis proeqtTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva gadasaxadebis Sefaseba iseve, rogorc gadawyvetilebas adgilobriv enebzec gamoqveynos produqciis ganawilebis SeTanxmebebi, maspinZeli mTavrobis SeTanxmebebi da mTavrobaTa Soris SeTanxmebebi, romlebis Tanaxmadac imarTeba yvela proeqti an maTi nawili. komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m gadadgas Semdegi nabiji da gamoaqveynos Tavis xarjebi da am mizniT moamzados da gaakeTos inglisur da adgilobriv enebze sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi dawvrilebiTi da advilad gasagebi wliuri oficialuri angariSi (a) specifiuri gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb – kategoriisa da raodenobis mixedviT – romlebic eZleva maspinZel mTavrobebs da maT sxvadasxva organizaciebs, (b) srulad Sefasebuli mogebebis Sesaxeb – kvlav kategoriisa da raodenobis mixedviT – romlebsac gamoimuSavebs proeqtebi maspinZeli mTavrobebisTvis da maTi sxvadasxva organizaciebisTvis, maT Soris, Semosavali saxelmwifos wili navTobis da gazis gayidvidan, satranzito gadasaxadebidan, grantebidan, gadasaxadebidan da sxva Semosavlebidan. dawvrilebiTi da advilad gasagebi wliuri angariSis gamoqveyneba proeqtis gadasaxadebsa da mogebaze iqneboda BP–s da misi partniorebis mier gadadgmuli mTavari nabiji farTomasStabiani mompovebeli mrewvelobis investiciebis modelis Sesaqmnelad ganviTarebad qveynebSi. es Page 9 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva gaaZlierebda ufro farTo mravalmxrivi mompovebeli mrewvelobis gamWvirvaleobis iniciativas, romelsac BP Riad uwyobda xels da azrebaijanis mTavrobamac gamoTqva survili SeuerTdes am iniciativas. marSrutis ganxilva da garemos dacvis monitoringis gafarToebuli saqmianoba komisia gvTavazobs mTel rig gareSe monitoringis qmedebebs, maT Soris borjomis regionSi, sadac arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba milsadenis marSrutTan dakavSirebiT. angariSis nawilSi V warmodgenilia procesi, romlis mixedviTac BP-m da misma partniorebma airCies milsadenis saboloo derefani. komisiis azriT, saqarTveloSi aTkilometriani interesTa derefnis SerCevis procesSi iyo garkveuli xarvezebi. radgan saqarTvelos mTavrobam garkveuli marSrutebis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb SeSfoTeba gamoTqva, BP iZulebuli iyo dRis wesrigidan moexsna es marSrutebi, rogorc aRniSnulia 2002 wlis aprilis BTC-s proeqtis bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dokumentSi. verc BP da verc komisia ver Seafasebs saqarTvelos mTavrobis mosazrebas usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebiT. mxolod saqarTvelos mTavrobas SeuZlia gadawyvitos usafrTxoebis amgvari sakiTxebi. komisiis azriT, Seiqmna STabeWdileba, rom BTC-s milsadenis derefani daigegma uSualod geoteqnikuri, ekologiuri da socilauri kriteriumebis safuZvelze, maSin rodesac, faqtiurad, marSrutis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi ZiriTadi faqtori usafrTxoeba aRmoCnda. komisias agreTve miaCnia, rom maSin, rodesac politikuri daZabulobis faqtori ukve cnobili gaxda sazogadoebisaTvis, marSrutis SerCevisas marTebuli iqneboda variantebis gamovlenis mizniT gamarTuliyo ufro intensiuri debatebi. BP–m da misma partniorebma aiRes valdebuleba ganaxorcielon rigi Semarbilebeli da navTobis daRvris Tavidan acilebis meqanizmebi borjomis regionSi, raTa airidon garemos dazianeba navTobis daRvris naklebadSesaZlebel SemTxvevaSi. Page 10 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m gamoaqveynos da farTod gaavrcelos Semarbilebeli zomebi, romlis ganxorcielebasac gegmavs, da Caabas sazogadoeba, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia da sxva eqspertebi Sesabamis damatebiT Semarbilebel iniciativebze muSaobaSi. amas garda, komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m xeli Seuwyos Temis monitoringis meqanizmis Seqmnas, raTa Tvalyuri adevnos milsadenis potenciur zemoqmedebas borjomis regionSi. monitoringis jgufi savaraudod unda Sedgebodes eqspertebisgan da araprofesionalebisgan borjomis da sxva regionebidan, maT Soris saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevrebisgan. komisia aseve iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m CarTos adgilobrivi mTavroba da moqalaqeebi navTobis daRvraze reagirebis gegmaSi da SeimuSaos programa borjomSi adgilobrivi Temis momzadebisa da aRWurvisTvis navTobis potenciuri daRvraze reagirebisTvis. ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimis ganmarteba Sualeduri angariSis nawilSi III ganxilulia iuridiuli reJimi, romelic Semqnes BP-m da misma partniorebma BTC-Si da SCP-Si maspinZel mTavrobebTan, ZiriTadi standartebis samarTavad, da am standartebis gasatareblad, romelTa mixedviTac unda aSendes da imoqmedos milsadenebma. es iuridiuli reJimi, bunebrivia, Camoyalibda BP-s da misi partniorebis mier investiciis meti garantiis uzrunvelsayofad, maspinZel qveynebSi, kerZod azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi, adgilze samarTlebrivi institutebis ganviTarebis etapis gaTvaliswinebiT. miuxedavad amisa, iuridiulma reJimma gamoiwvia azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, gansakuTrebiT arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi, nawilobriv imitom, rom, komisiis azriT, is rTuli da Zneli gasagebia. komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m imuSaos maspinZel mTavrobebTan erTad rigi mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Page 11 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva ganmartebisTvis iuridiul reJimSi, maT Soris: ramdenad unda iyos misawvdomi maspinZeli mTavrobebisTvis da mesame mxareebisTvis adgilobrivi sasamarTloebi da adgilobrivi administraciuli zomebi, raTa zemoqmedeba moaxdinon garemos dacvis, janmrTelobis, usafrTxoebis da sxva standartebze proeqtis saqmianobaSi; garemos dacvis, janmrTelobis da usafTxoebis standartebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac amJamad imarTeba proeqtis saqmianoba, da romlebic iTvaliswinebs, rom proeqtebiT miRebulia saerTaSoriso da evrokavSiris saqmianobis dinamiuri maCveneblebi; vin da rogor unda gansazRvros garemos dacvis, janmrTelobis da usafrTxoebis standartebi, romlebis mixedviTac imarTeba proeqtis Semdgomi saqmianoba. socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis monitoringi komisiis azriT, milsadenebis socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis mimdinare monitoringi iseve, rogorc muSaobasTan dakavSirebuli sakamaTo sakiTxebis gadawyvetis procedurebis Camoyalibeba, gansaxlebis efeqturi samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebis da milsadenis derefnis gaswvriv Temis urTierTobebis mniSvnelovani elementebia. problemebi da kamaTi sxvadasxva sakiTxebze gardauvlad Cndeba didi masStabis samSeneblo proeqtebis ganmavlobaSi da adgilobriv Temebs unda hqondeT BP–sTan da mis partniorebTan urTierTobis efeqturi saSualebebi. komisia aRarebs, rom BP-m ukve Camoayaliba monitoringis da saCivrebis garkveuli meqanizmi mSenebel kontraqtorebTan TanamSromlobiT. komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom monitoringis zemoTxsenebul meqanizmebSi mSeneblobis dros da mis Semdeg, uSualod iyos CarTuli samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, maT Soris adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebi. komisia agreTve iZleva rekomendacias, rom Camoyalibdes gareSe monitoringis jgufi gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis procedurebis Tanaxmad. da bolos, komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP–c iyos CarTuli saCivrebis ganxilvis procesSi da mxolod qvekontraqtorebs ar Page 12 of 125 nawili I mokle mimoxilva gadasces pasuxismgebloba, raTa uzrunvelyos, rom kamaTi gadawydes droulad, samarTlianad da damakmayofileblad. * * * * komisia miesalmeba da gaiTvaliswinebs dainteresebuli mxareebis komentarebs Sualeduri angariSis da komisiis samuSao gegmis Taobaze da mzad aris imuSaos BP-sTan, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, samTavrobo organizaciebTan, saerTaSoriso finansur dawesebulebebTan da sxva dainteresebul mxareebTan, radgan komisia agrZelebs muSaobas am mniSvnelovan iniciativaze. Page 13 of 125 nawili II Sesavali Page 14 of 125 nawili II Sesavali winamdebare dokumenti warmoadgnes kaspiis ganviTarebis mrCevelTa komisiis (CDAP, an komisia) pirvel Sualedur angariSs. komisia daniSnulia BP–s jgufis mTavari aRmasrulebeli direqtoris, lord jon braunis mier 2003 wlis ianvarSi, rogorc damoukidebeli gareSe sakonsultacio organo, raTa warudginos lord brauns da BP-s obieqturi rCevebi baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis (BTC-s milsadeni) da masTan dakavSirebuli BP–s sxva saqmianobebis ekonomikuri, ekologiuri da socialuri zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTSi. es saqmianobebi, moxseniebuli, rogorc "kaspiis proeqtebi", Seicavs navTobis da gazis rezervebis ganviTarebas kaspiis zRvaSi da bunebrivi gazis miwodebas TurqeTisTvis da sxva bazrebisTvis samxreT kavkasiis milsadenis meSveobiT. sami wlis uflebamosilebiT Camoyalibebuli komisiis wevrebi arian ian leSli (Tavmjdomare), stuart eizenStati, jim makneili da mohamed sahnouni. 1 a. komisia da misi uflebamosileba azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos Sesaxeb pirveli Sualeduri angariSis da Semdgomi angariSebis meSveobiT komisia miawodebs lord brauns da BP-s rekomendaciebs da winadadebebs, raTa daexmaros BP-s SeimuSaos kaspiis proeqtebi msoflio klasis modeliT da uzrunvelyos, rom am investiciebma datovos pozitiuri, xangrZlivi memkvidreoba regionSi. komisiis muSaoba dResdReobiT aqcents akeTebs ara marto kaspiis proeqtebis potenciur ekonomikur da socialur sargebelze azerbaijanSi, saqarTveloSi da TurqeTSi, aramed BP–s nabijebze, romelic mas SeuZlia gadadgas maspinZeli qveynebis dasaxmareblad am sargebelis realizaciaSi farTo da mdgradi gziT. komisiam agreTve ganixila kaspiis proeqtebis socialuri, ekologiuri da ekonomikuri 1 CDAP -s wevrebis biografiuli monacemebi mocemulia danarTSi g. Page 15 of 125 nawili II Sesavali zemoqmedeba da BP-s amJamindeli midgoma da momavlaSic ganixilavs, raTa Searbilos potenciuri negatiuri zemoqmedeba. komisia aqcents akeTebs da momavalSic gaakeTebs BP-s mier Temis CarTvis, masTan konsultaciis da TanamSromlobis gzebze iseve, rogorc am monawileobis pozitiur Tu negatiur zemoqmedebaze. komisiam winamdebare Sualedur angariSSi ganixila investiciebi, romelic regionSi SesaZloa ganaxorcielos BP-m im adamianebis cxovrebis gasaumjobeseblad, romlebzec pirdapir Tu arapirdapir zemoqmedebas moxdens kaspiis proeqtebi. regionSi BP-s mier ganxorcielebuli istoriuli investiciebi, romelic SeiZleba 40 welze metxans gagrZeldes, warmoadgens udides erTjerad ucxour pirdapir investiciebs azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTSi. BP-s investiciebs kaspiis proeqtebSi Tan erTvis pasuxismgebloba, wvlili Seitanon pozitiuri cvlilebis gasatareblad msoflios am mniSvnelovan regionSi. komisiis azriT, ufro konkretulad, kaspiis proeqtebi SesaZeblobas aZlevs BP-s SeimuSaos axali modeli an nimuSi mTavari, mravalerovnuli sawarmoebis mier farTomasStabiani, mompovebeli mrewvelobis investirebisTvis ganviTarebad da gardaqmnis periodSi myof qveynebSi. winamdebare Sualeduri angariSi cdilobs ganaviTaros es koncefcia. komisiis Seqmnisa da dafinansebisas lord braunma komisias sruli damoukidebloba mianiWa samuSao gegmis SemuSavebaSi, dagegmvaSi da SesrulebaSi. BP pativs scems am gadawyvetilebas, maT Soris winamdebare Sualeduri angariSis droul gamoqveynebas, misi kontrolis gareSe. BP-s oficialurma pirebma komisiisaTvis Caatares rigi brifingebi, uzrunvelyves is masalebiT, romlebic exeboda kaspiis proeqtebis ekonomikur, socialur da ekologiur sakiTxebs da logistikuri daxmarebiT 2003 wlis martSi komisiis cxradRiani Page 16 of 125 nawili II Sesavali vizitis dros azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. Tumca, komisiam Tavisi ganrigi SeimuSava da Sexvda saxelmwfo moxeleebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, akedemikosebs da sxva dainteresebul mxareebs BP-s Tanxlebis gareSe. im droisTvis, rodesac komisia Camoyalibda 2003 wlis dasawyisSi, BP-s, samTavrobo organizaciebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis da sxva eqspertebis mier ukve Catarebuli iyo proeqtTan dakavSirebuli ekologiuri da socialuri analizi. aqedan gamomdinare, komisiam gadawyvita, rom ar Caatarebda (da im dros arc SeeZlo) kaspiis proeqtebis de novo ekologiuri da socialuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebas. man gadawyvita, rom misi funqcia iqneboda: • vrceli konsultacia rig mxareebTan, romlebic dainteresebulni arian kaspiis proeqtebis ekonomikuri, socialuri da ekologiuri sakiTxebiT; • BP-s, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, akademikosebis da sxva dainteresebuli mxareebis mier momzadebuli Sesabamisi masalis ganxilva; • BP-s mier damtkicebuli im procesis da midgomis ganxilva, romelic exeba ekonomikuri, ekologiuri da socialuri analizis Catarebas da ekologiuri da socialuri zemoqmedebis formulirebas; 2 • prioritetuli sakiTxebis dadgena da maTze komentarebis da rekomendaciebis gakeTeba. 2 BP-m moamzada bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba (ESIA) azeri - Cirag - gunaSlis (ACG) 1-li da me-2 etapebisTvis, BTC milsadenisTvis, Sah denizis ganviTarebis pirveli etapisa da samxreT kavkasiis milsadenisTvis. am dokumentebis moZieba SeiZleba veb-gverdze http://www.caspiandevelopmentandexport.com. bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ACG-sTvis momzadebis procesSia. Page 17 of 125 nawili II Sesavali komisias hyavs damoukidebeli konsultantebi, romlebic angariSs abareben mxolod komisias, raTa daexmaron ZiriTadi ekologiuri da socialuri sakiTxebis analizSi. 3 eqspertebma ganixiles bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis yvela dokumentacia. 2003 wlis maisSi komisiis xelmZRvanelobiT, konsultantebi ewvivnen azerbaijans da saqarTvelos. komisias agreTve exmarebodnen qveynis mrCevlebi4, romlebic wardgenilni iyvnen BP-s mier, rogorc damoukidebeli resursi, ZiriTadad komisiis dasaxmareblad ganrigis SesamuSaveblad, regionis vizitebisTvis. komisiam Semqna samuSao gegmisadmi Ria, xelmisawvdomi da gamWvirvale midgoma, romelic moicavs misi kompetenciis gamoqveynebas. 5 am mizniT, komisia Sexvda da konsultacia Caatara mraval samTavrobo organizaciasTan, mravalmxrivi ganviTarebis bankebTan, adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, akademiis institutebTan da dainteresebul kerZo seqtorTan. 6 amasTan erTad komisiam Semqna veb-gverdi (www.caspsea.com) da eleqtronuli fostis misamarTi ([email protected]), romelic saSualebas aZlevs dainteresebul mxareebs BP-sgan damoukideblad, pirdapir komisias miawodon komentarebi da informacia. komisia 3 komisiam daiqirava profesori riCard fugli garemos dacvis da geografiis fakultetidan, qeif Taunis ekologiuri sakiTxebis universiteti, da profesori daniel baiTsi socialuri anTropologiis fakultetidan, niu iorkis qalaqis universitetis socialuri sakiTxebis hanTeris koleji. 4 komisiis qveynis mrCevlebi arian: mister marko borsoti, gaeros warmomadgeneli da koordinatori gaerTinebuli erebis sistemisTvis (azerbaijani); elCi aleqsandre rondeli, saqarTvelos strategiuli da saerTaSoriso kvlevis fondis prezidenti da saerTaSoriso samarTlis da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis profesori, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, da batoni ilTer Turqmeni, Turqul-berZnuli forumis wevri, TurqeTis da somxeTis Tanxmobis komisia da gazeT Hürriyet–is korespondenti. 5 kompetencia warmodgenilia danarTSi b da veb-gverdze www.caspsea.com/terms.html. 6 jgufebis da kerZo pirebis sia, romlebTanac dRemde Catarda konsultacia, warmodgenilia danarTSi a. Page 18 of 125 nawili II Sesavali miesalmeba da iRebs mipatiJebas Sexvdes nebismier dainteresebul jgufs, 7 mas intensiuri konsultaciebi aqvs arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, romlebic kaspiis proeqtebze muSaoben. komisias Tavidan dagegmili hqonda 2003 wlis martis vizitSi TurqeTic CaerTo, magram TuqeTSi 2003 wlis seqtemberSi Cava, radgan martis viziti eraySi omis dawyebas daemTxva. Sesabamisad, winamdebare Sualeduri angariSi warmoadgens komisiis sawyis STabeWdilebebs, daskvnebs da rekomendaciebs ZiriTad azerbaijanis da saqarTvelos sakiTxebze. komisiis Semdeg angariSSi ganxiuli iqneba igive sakiTxebi TurqeTTan dakavSirebiT iseve, rogorc garkveuli gadamkveTi regionaluri sakiTxebi, romlis analizsac komisia mxolod samive qveynis monaxulebis Semdeg SeZlebs. qveyanaT-Sorisi sakiTxebi Seicavs usafrTxoebas da adamianis uflebebs regionSi. garda amisa, komisia Sualedur angariSSi gaagrZelebs rigi sakiTxebis Seswavlas da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas. komisiis Sualeduri angariSi iyofa xuT nawilad da Seicavs: • sxvadasxva SeTanxmebebi, romlebic qmnis BTC-s milsadenis iuridiul struqturas da garkveuli sakiTxebi, romlebic wamoiWra maspinZel qveynebSi erovnuli standartebze da uflebebze maTi zemoqmedebis Taobaze; • kaspiis proeqtebis ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba, maT Soris, Semosavlis zemoqmedeba azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos mTavrobebisTvis da amasTan dakavSirebuli Semosavlis marTvis sakiTxebi; 7 Tavis samuSaos xelSesawyobad, komisiam vaSingtonSi Camoayaliba samdivno, romelSic Sedian piter flanagani, devid marCiki, marni Ciki da elizabeT snodgrasi qovingTon da burlingidan, romelic uzrunvelyofs realur da logistikur daxmarebas da muSaobs komisiasTan erTad, raTa gaaadvilos Sexvedrebi da amgvarad Seasrulos komisiis misia. bolo xuTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi samdivnom Caatara rigi damoukidebeli Sexvedrebi saxelmwifo moxeleebTan, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan da sxva dainteresebul mxareebTan, Caatara farTo kvleva proeqtTan dakavSirebul saqmianobaze da moamzada politika da proceduruli rekomendaciebi komisiisTvis. Page 19 of 125 nawili II Sesavali b. • kaspiis proeqtebis ekologiuri zemoqmedeba, ganviTarebidan milsadenis marSrutis ganxilvamde da BP-s mcdeloba marTos da Searbilos yvela potenciuri negatiuri ekologiuri Sedegebi; • kaspiis proeqtebis socialuri zemoqmedeba, maT Soris miwis SesyidvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi; • SesaZleblobebi BP-sTvis xeli Seuwyos regionSi mdgrad ganviTarebas adgilobriv da regionalur moqmed pirebTan TanamSromlobis strategiuli investiciebis saSualebiT. kaspiis proeqtebis mimoxilva rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, BP-s komerciuli valdebuleba moicavs azerbaijanis sanapiroze azeri-Cirag-gunaSlis (ACG) navTobsabados8, aseve azerbaijanis sanapiroze Sah denizis gazis sabados 9 ganviTarebas; da BTC da SCP milsadenebs. winamdebare Sualedur angariSSi yuradReba BTC-s milsadenzea10 gamaxvilebuli. droTa ganmavlobaSi is ACG-s navTobsabadodan 1 milion barels gadaitans Azerbaijanis, saqarTvelos da TurqeTis gavliT jeihanis terminalisken samxreT aRmosavleT TurqeTSi, xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze. SCP-s milsadeni11, romlic gadis BTC-s milsadenis paralelurad azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos gavliT da wydeba TurqeTis sazRvarze, Sah denizis sabadodan gazs TurqeTis bazarze gadaitans. 1-l etapze SCP-s warmadoba weliwadSi gazis 7,3 bilioni kuburi metria, magram saboloo warmadoba am moculobaze 8 ACG SemuSavebulia azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso navTobis kompaniis (AIOC) mier. AIOC–s mSobeli kompaniebia: BP (34.13%); azerbaijanis respublikis saxelmwifo navTobkompania (SOCAR) (10%); Unocal (10.28%); INPEXl (10%); Statoil (8%); ExxonMobil (8%); TPAO (6.75%); Devon Energy (5.6%); Itochu (3.92%); and Amerada Hess (2.72%). 9 SCP-is milsadenis partniorebi arian: BP (25.5%); Statoil (25.5%); SOCAR (10%); LukAgip (10%); NICO (10%); TotalFinaElf (10%); da TPAO (9%). 10 BTC-s sponsorTa jgufi moicavs: BP (30.1%); SOCAR (25%); Unocal (8.9%); Statoil (8.71%); TPAO (6.53%); Agip (5%); TotalFinaElf (5%); Itochu (3.4%); INPEX (2.5%); ConocoPhillips (2.5%); and Amerada Hess (2.36%). 11 SCP milsadenis partniorebi arian: BP (25.5%); Statoil (25.5%); SOCAR (10%); LukAgip (10%); NICO (10%); TotalFinaElf (10%); and TPAO (9%). Sah denizis gazis sabados investorebis identurad. Page 20 of 125 nawili II Sesavali daaxoebiT samjer metia. radgan BTC-s da SCP-s milsadenebi erTsa da imave samSeneblo derefanSi mdebareobs, am ori proeqtiT wamoWrili ekologiuri da socialuri bevri sakiTxi msgavsia, Tu ara identuri. BP ACG-s navTobsabados da BTC-s milsadenis wamyvani investori da operatoria. BP da Statoil Sah denizis gazis sabados da SCP-s wamyvani investorebi arian. miuxedavad imisa, rom ganviTarebis da transportirebis proeqtebi sxvadasxva konsorciumebis mier aris dafinansebuli, winamdebare Sualedur angariSSi, “BP da misi partniorebSi” igulisxmeba ACG-s, Sah denizis, BTC-s da SCP-s proeqtebis yvela aqcioneri. g. kaspiis proeqtebis strategiuli mniSvneloba komisiis azriT, ACG-s da Sah denizis sabadoebis ganviTareba BTC-s da SCP-s milsadenebis mSeneblobasTan erTad udidesi strategiuli mniSvnelobis proeqtebia maspinZeli qveynebisTvisac da mTeli msofliosTvisac. azerbaijanisTvis da saqarTvelosTvis kaspiis energetikuli resursebi niSnavs, aRar iyvnen damokidebulni gazis da navTobis importze, agreTve, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis daCqarebis da axladwarmoSobili demokratiuli institutebis gaZlierebis SesaZleblobas. TurqeTisTvis, milsadenebs axali energetikuli momarageba moaqvs marSrutiT, romelic gverds uvlis bosforis srutes, da amgvarad amcirebs tankeriT transportirebas ekologiurad mgrZnobiare da kulturuli mniSvnelobis adgilebSi. saqarTvelos gavliT TurqeTSi saeqsporto marSurutis SemuSaveba azerbaijans damatebiT saeqsporto marSrutebs aZlevs, raTa gaitano Tavisi navTobi da gazi saerTaSoriso bazarze. ACG-s da Sah denizis eqspluatacia warmoSobs Semosavlebs, romlebic SeiZleba investirebuli iyos qveynis infrastruqturis gaumjobesebaSi, siRaribis donis SemcirebaSi da azerbaijaneli xalxis cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebaSi. garda amisa, Page 21 of 125 nawili II Sesavali ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso navTobis kompaniebis arsebobam farTo masStabiT, SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos momsaxurebis warmoebis warmoSobas navTobis seqtoris gareT, romelic ufeqturad gazrdis ucxouri investiciebis Tavdapirvel ekonomikur mogebas. aseTi sxvadasxva industriebis moTxovnilebebis Suamavlobis saWiroeba SeiZleba ZiriTad Zalad iqces administraciuli reformisTvis, xels Seuwyobs azerbaijans Tanmedrove gaxados saxelmwifo marTvis aparati da mTavroba ki reagirebadi da gamWvirvale. saqarTveloze zegavlenac aseve potenciurad mniSvnelovania. samxreT kavkasiis milsadeni saqarTvelosTvis xelmisawvdoms gaxdis bunebriv gazs, aRar iqneba damokidebuli ruseTis momaragebaze, rac sul ufro da ufro ucnauri xdeba bolo wlebSi, da gazrdis qveynis ekonomikur damoukideblobas. Semosavlebi milsadenis satranzito gadasaxadebidan da, SedarebiT naklebad, Sesyidvebi da dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi SeiZleba mniSvnelovan Zalad iqces sabazro institutis gaZlierebisTvis. Tumca, komisiis azriT, BTC-s da SCP-s ekonomikurma zemoqmedebam saqarTveloSi SesaZloa ar daakmayofilos dasaqmebasTan da SesyidvebTan dakavSirebuli molodini. sazogadoebis molodini uSualo ekonomikur mogebaze adgilobrivi kompaniebisTvis da momuSaveebisTvis, SesaZloa, aralealuri iyos. BP-m frTxilad unda miudges am molodinebs, miuTiTos samuSao adgilebis SezRuduli raodenobis Sesaxeb, romelsac uSualod Seqmnis proeqtebi xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi. kaspiis energetikis ganviTarebasac aseve farTo strategiuli mniSvneloba aqvs. navTobis da gazis bolodroindeli aRmoCenebi kaspiis regionSi bolo 30 wlis erTerTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani monapovaria. kapiis CrdiloeTiT yazaxeTis sanapiroze ZiriTadi sabadoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, regionma SesaZloa sagRZnoblad daakmayofilos msoflios navTobis da gazis moTxovnileba Semdgomi ramdenime aTwleulis Page 22 of 125 nawili II Sesavali ganmavlobaSi. msoflio bazarze am maragebis mniSvnelovani nawilis gataniT, da amasTan erTad bosforis sruteSi tankeris daRvris Sedegad katastrofuli ekologiuri da ekonomikuri zianis SesaZleblobis SemcirebiT, kaspiis proeqtebi SeZleben uzrunvelyon msoflio bazari energiis axali mniSvnelovani wyaroebiT. saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba aseve Zalian dainteresebulia regionis ekonomikuri ganviTarebiT, rasac SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos kaspiis energetikulma proeqtebma. bolodroindeli saomari qmedebebi avRaneTsa da eraySi da mimdinare konfliqti CeCneTSi gvaxsenebs, rom kaspia mdebareobs aramdgrad regionSi. azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi, Sesabamisad, konfliqtebi mTian yarabaxSi da afxazeTis statusi xazs usvams regionSi mSvidobis safrTxes gauTavebeli Sida eTnikuri da regionuli metoqeobiT. orive konfliqtis Sedegad qveynis SigniT gadaadgilebuli pirebis (iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi) mniSvnelovani raodenobaa. komisiaze gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba moaxdina iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa didma raodenobam azerbaijanSi, rac did tvirTaT awevs azerbaijanis mTavrobas. politikurma da ekonomikurma ganviTarebam, romelic moyveba kaspiis energetikuli resursebis warmatebul eqspluatacias, SesaZloa mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSos aseTi safrTxis Tavidan acilebaSi, samxreT kavkasia potenciurad arastabiluri teritoriidan gardaqmnas mezobeli qveynebisTvis usafrTxoebis garantad. miuxedavad imisa, rom kaspiis proeqtebi potenciurad socialur da ekonomikur sargebels moutans azerbaijanel da qarTvel xalxs, arsebobs seriozuli problemebi, romlebmac SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos regionis mdgrad ganviTarebas. kerZod, navTobisa da gazis simdidre SesaZloa ganviTarebis “wyevlad” iqces, Tu Semosavlebi daukavSirdeba marTvis sust da ganuviTrebel struqturebs, mTavrobis funqciebSi Page 23 of 125 nawili II Sesavali gamWvirvaleobis naklebobas, ganuviTarebel samoqalaqo sazogadoebebs da farTo ekonomikur saWiroebebs. aseTi qveynebSi energiis simdidrem SesaZloa ufro SeaCeros, vidre gaaZlieros zrda da ganviTareba. azerbaijanSi arsebobs garkveuli viTareba, romelic xSirad navTobisa da gazis “wyevlasTan” aris dakavSirebuli, saqarTvelo msgavsi riskebis winaSe sxva mizezebis gamo dgeba. rasakvirvelia, sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisas, orive qveyana garkveuli farTo problemebis winaSe dgeba BP–s xelmZRvanelobis qveS myofi kaspiis proeqtebidan ekonomikuri sargebelis mopovebisas. radgan BP axorcielebs programebs, romlebic SemuSavebulia regionSi socialuri da ekonomikuri sargebelis mosatanad, am programebis warmateba, nawilobriv mainc, damokidebuli iqneba gaumjobesebuli marTvis progresze, qveynis ara-sanavTobo ekonomikis ganviTarebaze da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gaZlierebaze. Page 24 of 125 nawili III ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimi nawili III ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimi Page 25 of 125 nawili III ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimi am nawilSi specialistebis jgufi mokled ganixilavs samarTlebriv reJims, romelic marTavs BTC da SCP milsadenebs, aRniSnavs im gzebis erTgvar raodenobas, sadac es reJimi ar aris naTeli da rekomendirebs rogorc am sakiTxis garkvevas, aseve im qmedebebs, romlebic saWiroa ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimis adamianis uflebebze zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze reagirebisaTvis. a) ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimis mimoxilva BTC da SCP milsadenebi Seqmnilia da maTi regulireba iwarmoebs SeTanxmebaTa qseliT, erTis mxriv teritoriis mflobel sam qveyanas Soris da meores mxriv teritoriis mflobel qveynebsa da BP da mis partniorebs Soris. qvemoT aRwerili TiToeuli xelSekruleba eqvemdebareba teritoriis mflobeli samive qveynis konstitucias. xelSekrulebebis ierarqiis saTaveSi aris ori samTavrobaTSoriso xelSekruleba (IGA) (TiToO xelSekruleba BTC da SCP proeqtebisaTvis) azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris. TiToeul (IGA)-s emateba xelSekrulebebi teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobasTan (HGA), erTi xelSekruleba teritoriis mflobel TiToeul qveyanasTan da konsorciumi TiToeul milsadenze. danarTi 1 Tanaxmad proeqtTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri xelSekruleba an dokumenti, Semotanili teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobis romelime saxelmwifo organos, BP da misi partniorebis mier, ganisazRvreba rogorc proeqtis xelSekruleba da amiT igi xdeba ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimis nawili, romelic marTavs proeqtebs. Sedegad, magaliTad, BP da misi partniorebis mier bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis sxvadasxva SefasebebSi (ESIA) aRebuli valdebulebani, romelTaganac TiToeuli damtkicebulia teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobis mier, warmoadgens movaleobebs, romelTa Sesrulebac unda uzrunvelyos teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobam. analogiurad, saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros mier moTxovnili “mimdinare qmedebebi”, milsadenis marSrutis saqarTveloze gamavali monakveTis dasamtkiceblad 2002 wlis noemberSi, romlebic naTlad dasaxelebulia, rogorc saproeqto xelSekruleba, warmoadgens iuridiuli Zalis mqone valdebulebebs. HGA-ebi agreTve moicavs pirobas, romelic iZleva teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobebsa da proeqtebis nebismier monawiles Soris arsebuli disputebis arbitraJis uflebas da uzrunvelyofs (danarTi 3), rom garemos dacvis valdebulebebis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebuli disputebi proeqtis sxvadasxva xelSekrulebebSi gadawydes HGA arbitraJis dadgenilebis Tanaxmad. proeqtebis marTvis saxelmZRvanelo samarTlebrivi reJimi rTulia gasagebad, ramdenadac igi eyrdnoba urTierTqmedebebs saerTaSoriso standartebsa da saukeTeso praqtikebs Soris, evro-sabWoSi gamoyenebul normebs ( an saqarTvelos, niderlandebisa da avstriis SemTxvevaSi garkveuli miznebisaTvis), teritoriis mflobeli qveynis Sidasaxelmwifoebriv Page 26 of 125 nawili III ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimi kanons, valdebulebebs ESAP-Si da proeqtis sxva xelSekrulebebSi, da saerTaSoriso safinanso dawesebulebebis politikas. NGO -s mier specialistTa jgufisadmi wamoyenebuli sxva sakiTxebi exeba Semdeg momentebs: (1) Tu ramdenad gamoidevneba erovnuli jandacvis, usafrTxoebisa da garemos dacvis standartebi samarTlebrivi reJimis mier da sxva standartebi saerTaSoriso an evropuli standartebiTa da saerTaSoriso navTobsadenebis mrewvelobaSi gabatonebuli praqtikebiT; (2) Tu ramdenad SeiZleba moiTxovdes samarTlebrivi reJimi proeqtis kompaniebisadmi wayenebuli pretenziebis mosmenas saerTaSoriso da ara adgilobriv arbitraJze; da (3) egreT wodebul “ekonomikuri wonasworobis” uzrunvelyofas, rac gazrdida teritoriis mflobeli qveynis valdebulebas proeqtSi monawile konsorciumisaTvis miyenebuli nebismieri zaralis anazRaurebis sakiTxSi, romelic dakavSirebulia jandacvis, usafrTxoebis, garemos dacvis an sxva ufro mkacri standartebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, vidre es konsorciumTan iyo SeTanxmebuli. b) samarTlebrivi standartebisa da RonisZiebebis ganmarteba komisia aRiarebs, rom proeqtis xelSekrulebebSi miTiTebuli jandacvis, usafrTxoebisa da garemos dacvis evropuli da saerTaSoriso standartebi iseTive an ufro maRalia im standartebTan SedarebiT, romlebic amJamad ZalaSia samive satranzito saxelmwifoSi. komisia xvdeba, rom proeqtebis samarTlebriv reJimSi Sesuli jandacvis, usafrTxoebisa da garemos dacvis evropuli da saerTaSoriso standartebi ar aris mudmivi da droTa ganmavlobaSi ganicdian cvlilebas, asruleben ra dinamiuri reperis movaleobas proeqtebisaTvis. komisia Semdgom acnobierebs, rom nebismieri danakargi an saerTo standartebis evoluciis Sedegad ufro maRali standartebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli gazrdili xarjebi HGA-s “ekonomikuri wonasworobis” uzrunvelyofis pirobebSi ver gazrdis veranair valdebulebas kompensaciis gadasaxdelad. komisia esalmeba saSemsruleblo komitetisa12 da BTC -s mier 2003 wlis 16 maiss gamocemul erTobliv gancxadebas baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadenis proeqtze, romelmac ganmarta, rom BTC proeqtis samarTlebriv reJimSi veraferi ver “gamoricxavda proeqtis Sesabamisobas garemos dacvis ganviTarebad msoflio standartebTan da praqtikebTan” da ukuagdo proeqtebis marTvis samarTlebrivi reJimis nebismieri interpretacia, romelic daarRvevda adamianis uflebebs an akrZalavda teritoriis mflobeli qveynebis mier adamianis uflebebis efeqtur dacvas. komisia agreTve farTodaa informirebuli imis Taobaze, rom BP da BTC Seqmnes da gamoaqveynes SeTanxmebis saxiT IFC (saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia) da EBRD (evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki) sesxis gacemis procesebi garemos dacvis standartebis matricis CaTvliT, romliTac SemoizRudeba proeqtebi. eseni da proeqtis sxva dokumentebi aris kompaqturi da teqnikuri, magram erTgvari gaurkvevloba SeiZleba kvlav mainc arsebobdes proeqtis saqmianobebis saxelmZRvanelo standartebis zust SemcvelobasTan da teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobebisa da mesame mxareebis mier gasatarebel RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT am standartebis ganxorcielebis mizniT. gaugebrobis gamo, romelic Tan axlavs proeqtebis samarTlebrivi 12 saSemsruleblo komiteti Camoyalibebulia IGA-Si da Sedgeba teritoriis mflobeli TiToeuli qveynis ori warmomadgenlisagan. Page 27 of 125 nawili III ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimi reJimis elementebs, da erToblivi gancxadebis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT ganviTarebaze da dokumentebis gaxsnaze dayrdnobiT specialistTa jgufi rekomendirebs, rom BP, muSaobs ra partniorebTan, saSemsruleblo komitetTan da sxvebTan garemoebis mixedviT: 1. gaarkvios, Tu ramdenad inarCuneben teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobebi adgilobriv sasamarTloebze da uflebaTa dacvis adgilobriv administraciul saSualebebze xelmisawvdomobas, raTa saproeqto samuSaoebze aamoqmedos jandacvis, usafrTxoebis, garemos dacvisa da sxva standartebi “ekonomikuri wonasworobis” uzrunvelyofasa da ganviTarebad erovnul standartebs Soris urTierTqmedebebis CaTvliT; 2. gaarkvios da daamowmos, rom saproeqto samuSaoebiT dazaralebul mesame mxareebs savsebiT miuwvdebaT xeli adgilobriv sasamarTloebze im pretenziebisTvisac ki, romlebic dakavSirebulia HGA da proeqtis sxva xelSekrulebebSi miTiTebul garemos dacvis, usafrTxoebisa da jandacvis sakiTxebTan; 3. Semdgom gaarkvios garemos dacvis, usafrTxoebisa da jandacvis standartebis masStabi da moculoba, romlebic amJamad marTavs saoproeqto samuSaoebs; da 4. gaarkvios, rogor da vis mier unda ganisazRvros garemos dacvis, usafrTxoebisa da jandacvis standartebi, romlebmac unda marTos saproeqto samuSaoebi, ramdenadac saerTaSoriso standartebi da saukeTeso praqtikebi navTobsadenebis industriaSi da aseve evrosabWos wevr qveyanaSi saerTod gamoyenebuli standartebi (saqarTvelos, niderlandebisa da avstriis mimarT) drodadro viTardeba. specialistebis jgufis azriT es sakiTxebi SeiZleboda efeqturad yofiliyo miTiTebuli IGAebis, HGA-ebisa da proeqtis Sesabamisi sxva xelSekrulebebis martivi eniT gadmocemul Semajamebel variantSi. specialistebis jgufi afasebs aq ganxilul mraval iurisdiqciuli investiciebis unikalurobas da am grZelvadiani investiciebis samarTavad erTgvarovani wesebis SemoRebis sasurvelobas sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi reJimis mqone ganviTarebad qveynebSi. 40 weli mainc sakmaod xangrZliv periods warmoadgens garemos, jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis Sida normebis saerTaSoriso an evropuli standartebiT Sesacvlelad. amitom specialistTa jgufi dro da dro rekomendirebs BP, muSaobs ra mis partniorebTan, saSemsruleblo komitetTan da sxvebTan erTad ganixilos nebismieri Sesabamisi erovnuli standartebis proeqtisaTvis gamoyenebis sakiTxi, romlebic ufro mkacria saerTaSoriso navTobmrewvelobis an evrosabWos wevr qveynebSi gamoyenebul standartebTan SedarebiT specialistebis jgufs ganzraxuli aqvs am sakiTxebisa da rekomendaciebis gadasinjva, Tu da rodesac martivi eniT gadmocemuli reziumes an sxva ganmartebis mocema SesaZlebeli gaxdeba BP -s mier. g. adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi specialistTa jgufma gadasinja amnesti interneiSenalis axlaxans gamocemuli angariSi “adamianis uflebebi navTobsadenze”. specialistTa jgufi gegmavs adamianis uflebebTan Page 28 of 125 nawili III ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi reJimi dakavSirebuli problemebis srulyofilad ganxilvas Tavis Semdgom angariSSi rogorc ki daasrulebs TurqeTSi vizits da Caatarebs damatebiT analizs. magram amnesti interneiSenalis rekomendaciebi mainc saWiroebs dauyovnebeli komentarebis gakeTebas. magaliTad, specialistTa jgufi adasturebs amnesti interneiSenalis rekomendacias, kerZod, mxareebi amtkiceben, rom samarTlebrivi reJimi ar arTulebs teritoriis mflobeli qveynebis mTavrobebisaTvis adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis Sesrulebas. boloxans gamocemuli erToblivi gancxadeba, romelic kvlav adasturebs mxareebis valdebulebas, mxedvelobaSi miiRon da pativiscemiT moekidon adamianis uflebebis im principebTan Sesabamisobas, romlebic wina planzea wamoweuli adamianis uflebebis mTel rig saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi, warmoadgens mniSvnelovan win gadadgmul nabijs. saqme imaSia, rom erToblivi gancxadeba exeba mxolod BTC milsadens. specialistTa jgufi iZleva rCevas, rom analogiuri gancxadeba gakeTdes SCP milsadenisTvisac. jgufi agreTve urCevs BP-s imuSaos Tavis partniorebTan, teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobasTan, amnesti interneiSenalTan, sxva NGO-ebTan da sxvebTan erTad, raTa Camoayalibos dokumenti, romliTac gansazRvruli iqneba proeqtis partniorebisa da teritoriis mflobeli qveynebis adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebani. BP-sa da mis partniorebs amnesti interneiSenali agreTve urCevs damatebiTi RonisZiebebis gatarebas, raTa ufro gauadvildeT adamianis uflebebis pativiscema da dacva. amnesti interneiSenali gansakuTrebiT urCevs BTC-s aamaRlos adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso standartebTan Sesabamisoba qvekontraqtorebTan da uSiSroebis personalTan dadebuli kontraqtebisa da adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan muSaobis gziT, raTa garantirebuli iqnes milsadenis dasacavad daniSnuli personalis saTanado SerCeva13. amasTan erTad, amnesti interneiSenali iZleva rCevas, rom uSiSroebis kontraqtebi (protokolebi samuSao detalebis gamoklebiT, romlebmac SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas adamianis sicocxles) gamoqveyndes da xelmisawvdomi gaxdes mosaxleobisaTvis14. amnesti interneiSenali agreTve gvirCevs, rom konsorciumma naTlad auxsnas uSiSroebis personals, rom yovlad dauSvebelia adamianis uflebebis darRveva da BTC konsorciumi mudmiv da sistematiur dialogSi unda iyos Cabmuli uSiSroebis organoebTan da samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan, raTa daregulirdes is konfliqtebi da saCivrebi, romelic SesaZloa wamoiWras milsadenis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT 15. specialistTa jgufi iwonebs am rekomendaciebs da BTC-s urCevs imuSaos amnesti interneiSenalTan da sxva NGO-ebTan erTad am RonisZiebebis gasatareblad, momavali Tveebis ganmavlobaSi uSiSroebis struqturis SeTanxmebis procesSi. 13 amnesti interneiSenali, adamianis uflebebi navTobsadenze: http:www.amnestyusa.org/business/humanrightsontheline.pdf. 14 Id. 15 Id. Page 29 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba Page 30 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba am nawilSi specialistTa jgufi ganixilavs mosalodneli ekonomikuri mogebis diapazons BP proeqtebidan kaspiis regionSi, eWvebs, romlebsac SeiZleboda Seeferxebina an Tavidan aeridebina gaTvaliswinebuli mogebis realizacia, da im konkretul RonisZiebebs, romlebsac gaatarebdnen (an gaagrZelebdnen gatarebas) BP da misi partniorebi saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis dasaxmareblad, mosalodneli mogebis mosaxleobis sasikeTod warmarTvis mizniT proeqtebis sicocxlis manZilze. specialistTa jgufis TvalsazrisiT mdgradi da mudmivi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi, rogorc proeqtis saqmianobebis Sedegi, aucileblad unda ganixilebodes ekonomikis Zalzed usiamovno rekorduli mdgomareobis Suqze, romelic dominirebulia energetikuli resursebis ganviTarebiTa da maTi farTod gamoyenebiT. damkvirveblebisa da Teoriuli argumentebis mixedviT 16 bunebrivi resursebis (gansakuTrebiT navTobisa da gazis) simdidre SeiZleba “savalalo” aRmoCndes, Tu amgvar siuxves Tan axlavs susti an naklebad ganviTarebuli xelmZRvaneli struqturebis arseboba, mTavrobis funqciebis gaumWvirvaloba, sustad ganviTarebuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebebi, Zlieri ekonomikuri gasaWiri. amgvari niSnebiT daxasiaTebuli qveynebi xSirad Tvlian, rom energetikul simdidres aqvs ufro Seferxebis, vidre zrdisa da ganviTarebis potenciali. rodesac qveynis simdidres ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli energomatareblebis arsebobaa, aman SesaZloa dasabami misces araefeqtur xarjvas, inflacias, arabalansirebul zrdas da datovos ekonomikis arasanavTobo seqtori ganuviTarebeli da potenciurad kidev ufro gazrdili valebis dafarvis simZimis winaSe. azerbaijani avlens mTel rig pirobebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia navTobiTa da gaziT gamowveul siZneleebTan. saqarTveloc aRmoCndeba analogiuri riskis winaSe erTgvarad sxva mizezebis gamo. sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesSi orive qveyanas eWvi Seaqvs kaspiis proeqtebis sruli potenciuri ekonomikuri sargeblis gacnobierebaSi. orive itanjeba da ebrZvis korufcias da orive qveyana miiRebda sargebels ufro balansirebuli ekonomikuri zrdisagan da diversifikaciisagan iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa soflis meurneoba da turizmi. orive qveynis mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili cxovrobs siRaribeSienergetikuli resursebis ganviTarebisagan da /an tranzitisagan misaRebi ekonomikuri sargeblis mzardi molodinis sapirispirod. Tu azerbaijani da saqarTvelo ver acnobiereben proeqtebidan miRebul mosalodneli mogebis diapazons, BP da misi partniorebi SeiZleba gakritikdnen imis gamo, rom isini ver daexmarnen regions kapitalizebaSi misi istoriuli SesaZlebloblobis safuZvelze. specialistTa jgufi aRiarebs, rom BP da misi yvela partniori warmoadgenen kerZo seqtoris monawileebs da navTobisa da gazis ganviTarebidan mosalodneli mogebis umetesoba SeiZleba miRweuli iqnes mxolod teritoriis mflobeli qveynebis mTavrobebis suverenuli qmedebis gziT. ufro metic, specialistTa jgufi acnobierebs, rom menejmenti da navTobisa da gazis saxelmwifo Semosavlebisa da satranzito gadasaxadebis ganawileba ZiriTadad warmoadgens mTavrobis funqciebs, rogorc amaze metyvelebs azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri da socialuri politikebis ganviTareba. amave dros proeqtebi 16 ix. mag. msoflio bankis jgufis saqmianobebis Sefaseba mopovebiT mrewvelobaSi, fonuri dokumenti, 21 ianvari, 2003. Page 31 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba garkveulad imoqmedeben regionis ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebaze. ? ? da mis partniorebs saTanadod aqvT gacnobierebuli, rom isini arian da darCebian mTavar monawileebad proeqtebis mTeli sicocxlis manZilze. specialistebis jgufis azriT maT aqvT SesaZlebloba da valdebuleba dadebiTi wvlili Seitanon regionis ganviTarebaSi. a) mosalodneli Semosavlebis dinamika da menejmenti 1. azerbaijani azerbaijanSi erovnul mTavrobasa da saxelmwifo navTobkompanias (SOCAR) Sansi aqvs miiRos mniSvnelovani Tanxa proeqtTan dakavSirebuli ganviTarebidan da navTobisa da gazis eqsportidan. proeqtebis mTeli sicocxlis manZilze es mosalodneli Semosavali SeiZleba daiyos 4 kategoriad17: • • • • pirveli, daaxloebiT $ 390 mln gadasaxadebiT, dakavSirebuli zeda mopovebis uflebebis gadacemasTan ACG da Sah denizis resursebis ganviTarebis mizniT (mag. sapremio gadasaxadebi da akrobiT gamosaxul miwis farTobze gadasaxadebi ACG da Sah denizis produqciis wilobrivi gayofis SeTanxmebebidan (PSA); meore, 2024 wlisaTvis $ 21 da 38 miliards Soris navTobis gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavali (damokidebuli navTobis fasze)18; mesame, BTC satranzito Semosavalebi $600-$700 mln 2024 wlisaTvis, plius BTC mosalodneli $ 1,8 miliards Semosavali, miRebuli SOCAR-is mier, rogorc misi 25%-ani wilis Sedegi milsadenSi; da meoTxe, Sah denizisa da SCP milsadenis Semosavlidan daaxloebiT $500 mln SOCAR-s, rogorc proeqtis mewiles da daaxloebiT $3 miliardi azerbaijanis mTavrobas. navTobidan da gazidan miRebuli Semosavlis didi nawili, romelsac miiRebs azerbaijanis mTavroba, gadaixdeba azerbaijanis respublikis navTobis saxelmwifo fondSi (SOFAZ anu “fondSi”). SOFAZ Camoyalibda 1999 navTobisa da gazis mopovebisa da ganviTarebis xelSekrulebebis ganxorcielebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis dasagroveblad da samarTavad. prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, romlis safuZvelzedac daarsda SOFAZ, fondis aqtivebi daagrovebs azerbaijanis mTavrobis mflobelobaSi myofi navTobisa da gazis gayidvidan premia-wanamatebs, miwis akrobiT gadasaxadebs da 17 ix. regionaluri mimoxilva (Tebervali, 2003), 87-89 18 es moicavs e.w. “momgebian navTobs” rogorc SOCAR-Tvis, aseve azerbaijanis mTavrobisaTvis. momgebiani navTobi ganawilebulia “navTobis warmoebis xarjebis anazRaurebis” Semdeg, rac faravs investorebis kapitalur da sawarmoo xarjebs. momgebiani navTobi iyofa AIOC (SOCAR, rogorc proeqtis monawilis, CaTvliT) saerTaSoriso investorebsa da azerbaijanis mTavrobas Soris. Page 32 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba sxva garkveul Tanxebs ucxour kompaniebTan erToblivi saqmianobebidan19. 2003 wlis maisisTvis SOFAZ-is aqtivebma ukve gadaaWarbes 900 mln dolars, rac 6-8-jer meti (navTobis momavali fasebis mixedviT) iqneba sanam miaRwevdes maqsimums 2010 wels20. fondis organizaciuli principebis Tanaxmad, SOFAZ -is xarjebi mimarTuli unda iyos azerbaijanis socialuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis strategiuli mniSvnelobis mqone erovnuli proeqtebisa da infrastruqturuli obieqtebisaken. xarjebis specifikuri gegmebi formulirebulia fondis administraciuli sammarTvelos mier, romelic Sedgeba prezidentis mier arCeuli sameTvalyureo sabWosa da aRmasrulebeli direqtorisagan. prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad xarjebis am gegmebma farTod dasaxa saxelmwifo investiciebis politikuri kursi da siRatakis sapirispirod mimarTuli mTavrobis strategiebi, Camoyalibebuli saerTaSoriso safinanso dawesebulebebis mxardaWeriT. azerbaijanis mTavrobam mogvca agreTve gegmebi SOFAZ -is aqtivebis nawilis gamosayeneblad SOCAR -is aqciebis procentis dasafinanseblad BTC milsadenSi. IMF arsebuli monacemebis mixedviT daTanxmda am gegmis Secvlaze, rodesac mTavrobam gadawyvita aqciebis Sesyidva SOFAZ-mde arsebuli navTobis premia-wanamatebiT, romlebic inaxeboda centralur bankSi, da maTi mflobelobis procentis moTavseba BTC-Si ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministrosTan (da ara SOFAZ-Si). 2003 wlis maisSi IMF-Tan xangrZlivi diskusiebis Semdeg parlamentma miiRo fiskaluri reformebi, dagegmili SOFAZ-isa da centraluri mTavrobis biujetebis konsolidaciisaTvis21. yvelaze mniSvnelovania is, rom Sesworebebi moiTxovs tradiciuli saxelmwifo biujetisa da sxvadasxva arasabiujeto fondebisagan (SOFAZ-is CaTvliT) Semdgari konsolidirebuli biujetis deficitisa da xarjebis maqsimumis dadasturebas parlamentis mier. moqmedebis Tavisufleba SOFAZ-is aqtivebis specifikur, proeqtis doneze gamoyenebisas saerTod rCeba fondis mxareze(rogorc es nakarnaxevia prezidentis brZanebulebiT), magram parlaments eniWeba axali uflebamosileba gaakontrolos saerTo wliuri danaxarjebis zRvari amgvari aqtivebisaTvis. specialistebis jgufs esmis, rom IMF da azerbaijanis mTavroba SeTanxmebuli arian moiTxovon navTobis yvela xarjis ganxorcieleba konsolidirebuli saxelmwifo biujetiT. es eqspertTa jgufi imedovnebs, rom IMF da azerbaijanis mTavroba uzrunvelyofen xarjebis ganawilebas saxelmwifo Semosavlidan maqsimaluri gamWvirvalobiT. 19 prezidentis brZanebuleba # 579: procedurebi wliuri Semosavlebisa da gasavlebis programis formulirebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis (biujeti). amis sapirispirod, Semosavali, miRebuli ufro didi xnis sabadoebidan, romlebsac marTavs SOCAR, iseve rogorc SOCAR-isa da ucxouri navTobkompaniebis mier gadaxdili gadasaxadebi, uSualod gadadis saxelmwifo biujetSi. 20 IMF (saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi) rCeuli sakiTxebi da statistikuri danarTi, gv. 13, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/SCR/2003/CR03130.pdf 21 ix. IMF amtkicebs 18 mln aSS dolaris gadaxdas azerbaijanis respublikisaTvis da moiTxovs efeqturobis kriteriumis amoRebasa da xelSekrulebis gagrZelebas (IMF -is sareklamo cnoba # 03/67 (15 maisi, 2003), xelmisawvdomia: http:www,imf,org/external/np/sec/pr/2003/pr0367.htm. Page 33 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba Tumca xarjebis prioritetuloba SOFAZ-Tvis dadgenilia prezidentis brZanebulebiT, dRemde ar arsebobs damakavSirebeli rgoli fondis dadgenili xarjebis politikasa da siRaribis sawinaaRmdegod mimarTul mTavrobisa da sxva ekonomikur strategiebs Soris, romlebic Camoyalibebulia saerTaSoriso safinanso dawesebulebebis mxardaWeriT. es moicavs magaliTad, siRaribis Semcirebis strategias, romelic azerbaijanma wamoiwyo 2002 wlis Semodgomaze saerTaSoriso safinanso dawesebulebebTan vrceli diskusiebis Semdeg. am struqturiT wina planzea wamoweuli ZiriTadi seqtorebis politikuri reformebi siRatakis problemebis dasaZlevad da mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad. xangrZliv sajaro dialogSi BP-s rolis safuZvelze, ramac dasabami misca siRaribis Sesustebis programas, kompaniam iseTi pozicia unda daiWiros, rom azerbaijanis mTavrobam xarjebis politikis kursi, romelic marTavs SOFAZ-s, formalurad gausworos siRatakis Semcirebisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saxelmwifo programas. amgvarad, eqspertTa jgufi rekomendacias uwevs BP-s daexmaros azerbaijanis mTavrobas parlamentTan TanamSromlobiT navTobis fondis kanonis Camoyalibebasa da miRebaSi. es kanoni ganaviTarebda saerTo xelSekrulebebs prezidentis arsebuli brZanebulebebis pirobebSi da daamyarebda xarjebis politikasa da prioritetebs fondisaTvis, romlebic dauaxlovdeba siRatakis Semcirebis strategiebs.. Tumca IMF-iT mxardaWerili axali safinanso-sabiujeto politikis reformebi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan nabijs, mainc ganuviTarebeli rCeba sabiujeto sakiTxebSi parlamentisa da mosaxleobis monawileobis meqanizmebi. eqspertTa jgufs namdvilad kargad esmis, rom tipiurad ganxiluli da parlamentis mier damowmebuli biujetebi moklevadiani da xelovnurad gazrdilia. ufro metic, bundovania kavSiri SOFAZ-sa da centralur sabiujeto process Soris, SeiZleba Tu ara navTobis fondis gamoyeneba (ramdenadaa es SesaZlebeli) sabiujeto procesis stabilizaciis mizniT energiis fasebze uaryofiTi reagirebis SemTxvevaSi. navTobis fasis cvalebadoba Zlier zegavlenas moaxdens SOFAZ-dmi Semosavlis dinamikaze, mis raodenobaze da droiT ganrigze da investiciebisa da xarjebis strategiebis erTdrouli marTva SesaZloa Camafiqrebeli gaxdes. proeqtis Sefasebis moTxovnebi , dakavSirebuli SOFAZ-Tvis xarjebis strategiis CamoyalibebasTan, erTgvarad dasabnevia da moiTxovs mokle vadaSi qmediTunarianobis Camoyalibebas da SesaZloa teqnikur xelSewyobas ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentoebidan. ganviTarebis saagentoebs SeeZloT iniciativis Tavis Tavze aReba, magram am SemTxvevaSi BP unda yofiliyo momzadebuli finansuri daxmarebisa da teqnikuri xelmZRvanelobis gasawevad. amrigad, eqspertTa jgufi rekomendacias iZleva, rom BP-m mxedvelobaSi miiRos partnioroba erTerT saerTaSoriso an regionaluri ganviTarebis saagentosTan, raTa uzrunvelyos SOFAZ-is teqnikuri daxmareba iseT operaciebSi, rogoricaa prognozireba, investiciebis marTva da proeqtis Sefaseba. 2. saqarTvelo saqarTvelos mTavrobis proeqtTan dakavSirebuli savaraudo Semosavali Sefasebani bevrad ufro zomieria, vinaidan mTavrobas ar gaaCnia BTC da SCP -Si gamavali navTobisa da gazis mflobelobis procenti. ufro sworad, saqarTvelos mTavroba 2024 wlisTvis jamSi miiRebs daaxloebiT $600-dan $900 mln BTC satranzito gadasaxads, Page 34 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba iseve rogorc daaxloebiT $500 mln. mTlianad Sah-denizisa da SCPP-sgan 2031 wlamde22. Sah denizisa da SCP xelSekrulebebi uflebas aZlevs saqarTvelos mTavrobas aiRos SCPiT gamavali gazis wliuri nakadis 5% SCP satranzito gadasaxadis sanacvlod. Tumca proeqtTan dakavSirebuli Semosavali, romelic saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda miiRos, bevrad naklebia azerbaijanisaTvis navaraudev fondebze, mxolod BTC -dan dagegmil Semosavals SeeZlo Seedgina mTavrobis saerTo sabiujeto Semosavlis 10-15%. saqarTvelos mosaxleobisaTvis xangrZlivi mogebis efeqturad miRwevis perspeqtivebi ferxdeba erovnul doneze moqmedi susti xelmZRvaneli struqturebis, ganadgurebuli infrastruqturebisa da dasustebuli ekonomikis gamo. eqspertTa jgufis interviuebis dros mravaljer iqna identificirebuli korufcia, rogorc ZiriTadi Seferxeba iniciativebis organizebaSi an proeqtTan dakavSirebul savaraudo mogebaTa kapitalizaciaSi. eqspertTa jgufi agreTve informirebuli iyo saqarTvelos mTeli rigi strategiuli mniSvnelobis industriis/aqtivebis (mag. soflis meurneobis) dasustebis, iseve rogorc energoganawilebis sistemis moSlilobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb. rogori mondomebiTac ar unda moekidon qveynis fizikuri infrastruqturis sul ufro da ufro saSineli mdgomareobis gamosworebas, es reagireba Seferxdeba an CixSi aRmoCndeba xelmZRvanelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gamo. saqarTvelos mTavrobas ar daufuZnebia fondi da arc ganucxadebia misi dafuZnebis gegmebi BTC da SCP proeqtebidan miRebuli satranzito an sxva gadasaxadebis Sesagroveblad da samarTavad. saxelmwifo Semosavlebi saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis savaraudod bevrad mcire iqneba azerbaijanisaTvis dagegmil SemosavlebTan SedarebiT. bevrma eqspertma, romlebsac esaubra specialistTa jgufi, uaryo navTobis fondis cneba saqarTvelosaTvis, Tumca imave eqspertebma mxari dauWires axali safinanso meqanizmebis ganviTarebas, raTa Tvalyuri edevnebinaT da gaenawilebinaT mosalodneli gadasaxadebi ufro farTo sabiujeto procesze. specialistebis jgufi aRiarebs, rom gadawyvetileba aseTi safinanso meqanizmebis ganxorcielebis Taobaze saqarTvelos mTavrobas aqcevs mTavar monawiled da, rom arsebobs garkveuli sazRvrebi, romlis farglebSiac BP-s, rogorc kerZo korporacias, SeuZlia zegavlena moaxdinos aseTi nabijis gadadgmis droze, xasiaTze an moculobaze. specialistTa jgufi agreTve aRiarebs, rom BTC da SCP milsadenebis proeqtebs SeeZloT mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba moexdinaT saqarTvelos ekonomikis sijansaReze da amitom rekomendacias iZleva, rom BP-m waaxalisos saqarTvelos mTavroba Camoayalibos da ganaxorcielos gamWvirvale da savaraudo meqanizmebi satranzito gadasaxadebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis sameTvalyureod da gamosayeneblad saerTo biujetis konteqstSi. gamWvirvale da prognozirebadi fiskaluri politikis meqanizmebs SeeZlo Seesustebina proeqtiT mosalodneli saxelmwifo Semosavlebis marTvis xelmZRvanelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. specialisTTa jgufisaTvis cnobilia erTgvarad SeuTavsebadi perspeqtivebi imis Taobaze, rom fuladi satranzito gadasaxadebis sanacvlod saqarTvelom unda airCios Sah-denizis gazis naturiT miReba. zogi aseT nabijs Tvlida efeqtur saSualebad mravalferovani energetikuli wyaroebidan Zalzed saWiro Sida energiis 22 ix. regionaluri mimoxilva, gv.88. pikis dros BTC milsadeni saqarTvelos mTavrobas miscems $60 mln wliuri satranzito gadasaxadis saxiT. Page 35 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba misaRebad, maSin rodesac sxvebi naturiT gadaxdis variants Tvlidnen, rogorc ubralod sayrdens, romlis saSualebiTac efeqturad gadaideboda energetikul sferoSi gasatarebeli saWiro reformebi, an ufro uares, korufciis potenciur saSualebad gazis gayidvis fulad (da gaumWvirvale) gadaqcevis gziT. specialistTa jgufi Semdgomi kvlevis safuZvelze gegmavs satranzito gadasaxadebis gazis naturiT dafarvis sakiTxi da moiTxovs komentars dainteresebuli mxareebisagan. ? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ? ? ?? ??? ? 3. gamWvirvalobis sakiTxebi specialistTa jgufi eTanxmeba BP-s gadawyvetilebas gamoaqveynos teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobisaTvis proeqtTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva gadasaxadebis Sefasebani, aseve gadawyvetilebas, gamoaqveynos (adgilobriv enebze) proeqtebis ZiriTadi xelSekrulebani: PSA, HGA da IGA. am orive sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT BP-m konkretuli da saTanado pasuxi gasca regionalur da saerTaSoriso NGO-ebis moTxovnebs. amgvari gamWvirvaloba aadvilebs ara marto Ria dialogs resursis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro pirobebis irgvliv, aramed farTo sazogadoebis informirebas teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobis mier miRebuli finansuri Semosavlebis da maTi Semdgomi saTanado gamoyenebis Sesaxeb dialogis SesaZleblobas. regionalurma aqcionerebma auwyes specialistebis jgufs, rom proeqtTan dakavSirebuli saSemosavlo wyaroebis simravle xSirad arTulebs proeqtTan dakavSirebuli gadasaxadebis zusti sididis gansazRvras. komisia Tanaxmaa da rekomendacias iZleva, rom BP-m da misma partniorebma gaagrZelon da ganavrcon TavianTi valdebulebani “gamoaqveyneT, rasac ixdiT” advilad gasagebi da detaluri - kategoriisa da raodenobis mixedviT- yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi wliuri gancxadebis momzadebiT a) gansazRvruli gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb, romlebic keTdeba teritoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobebisadmi da maTi, proeqtTan dakavSirebuli, sxvadasxva saagentoebisadmi da b) saerTo Sefasebuli Semosavlebis Sesaxeb-kvlav kategoriisa da raodenobis mixedviT23 - romlebsac teriotoriis mflobeli qveynis mTavrobebi da maTi saagentoebi iReben proeqtebidan, maT Soris Semosavali saxelmwifos wili navTobisa da gazis gayidvidan, satranzito gadasaxadebi, grantebi da sxva Semosavlebi. azerbaijanis SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, savaraudo wliuri gancxadeba gansakuTrebulad moaxdenda proeqtis Semosavlebidan SOCAR da SOFAZ-dmi gadasaxadebis identificirebas da detalizebas. igi ara marto Seavsebda SOFAZ-is wliur sagareo audits, romelic ukve mniSvnelovnadaa SezRuduli sameTvalyureo fondebiT, aramed mogvcemda navTobisa da gazis Semosavlebs, romlebic dagegmilia mopovebiTi mrewvelobis gamWvirvalobis iniciativiT (EITI). EITI, gamocxadebuli gaerTianebuli samefos premier ministris toni bleris mier 2002 wlis seqtemberSi iohanesburgSi msoflio samitze mtkice ganviTarebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da formalurad wamowyebuli aqcionerTa konferenciaze londonSi 2003 wlis 17 ivniss, cdilobs gazardos gamWvirvaloba, dakavSirebuli mTavrobisadmi da mis mflobelobaSi myofi kompaniebisadmi mopovebiTi mrewvelobis gadasaxadebTan. konferenciaze azerbaijanma gamoavlina Tavisi tendencia miiRos monawileoba EITI-Si, rogorc erTerTma sacdelma qveyanam, SeuerTdes 23 mimdinare sagareo revizori SOFAZ-Tvis aris Ernst&Young Page 36 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba qveynebs, rogoricaa indonezia, gana, trinidadi da tobago da mTel rig navTobkompaniebs (BP24-is CaTvliT), romlebmac sajarod gamoTqves proeqtisa da misi principebisadmi mxardaWera.. BP-s, rogorc mniSvnelovanmonawiles saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi, SeeZlo damajereblad da efeqturad aeZulebina mTavroba da saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi myofi misi energetikuli kompaniebi mxari daeWiraT EITI-Tvis, Tumca iniciativa ZiriTadad fokusirdeboda navTobisa da gazis gadamuSavebamdel saqmianobebze. principebi da sajaroobani, romlebsac mxars uWers EITI, warmoadgens proeqtis saqmianobebTan dakavSirebuli sajaroobebis im logikur da mniSvnelovan dublikats, romlebic ukve sruldeba BP-s mier da amis Sedegad amaRldeboda mosaxleobis Segnebuloba da dialogi proeqtis SemosavlebTan da maT saboloo gamoyenebebTan dakavSirebiT. amgvarad specialistebis jgufi rekomendirebs, rom BP-m ubiZgos saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da mis energetikul saxelmwifo kompaniebs mxari dauWiron EITI da misi principebis SeTvisebas BTC da SCP operaciebis konteqstiT. specialistebis jgufis TvalsazrisiT BP-s agreTve daevaleba proeqtebisaTvis miRebuli Zlieri antikorufciuli politikis gatareba, misi kontraqtorebisa da mimwodeblebis mxridan xelmZRvanelobis CaTvliT. es politika krZalavs yovelgvar qrTams. BP-m calke Camoayaliba damatebiTi saxelmZRvanelo principebi gansazRvruli saqmiani qmedebebisaTvis, eTikis Sesabamisi sertifikaciis procesi, konfidencialuri cxeli xazi Seusabamobis angariSgebisaTvis da auditisa da sagamomZiebo meqanizmebi25. moqmedi kanonmdebloba, gamWvirvaloba da saqmiani operaciebi saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanisaTvis warmoadgens ZiriTad wina pirobebs maTi ekonomikis sruli ganviTarebisaTvis. BP-s Zlierma antikorufciulma politikam xeli unda Seuwyos samuSao modelis uzrunvelyofas adgilobrivi biznesebisaTvis. komisia rekomendacias iZleva proeqtTan dakavSirebuli Zlieri antikorufciuli politikis mtkiced da fxizlad gamoyenebas proeqtis ganxorcielebis yvela doneze. b. Sesyidvebi, dasaqmeba da mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi BP-m da misma partniorebma ukve gadadges mniSvnelovani nabijebi, raTa proeqtis saqmianobebis Sedegad miRebuli SesamCnevi sargeblebi--rogorc biznesis SesaZleblobebis, aseve unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi- warimarTos adgilobrivi ekonomikuri monawileebisaken azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. specialistebis jgufis TvalsazrisiT am sferoSi Catarebuli cdebi unda iyos mtkice da mzardi proeqtebis winsvlasTan erTad. adgilobrivi ekonomikebisaTvis proeqtebis mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT BP -sa da mis partniorebs aqvT gansakuTrebuli SesaZlebloba Seitanon wvlili unarCvevebis ganviTarebaSi, biznesis praqtikaSi da kerZod, mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis (SME) sicocxlisunarianobaSi rogorc azerbaijanSi, aseve saqarTveloSi. 24 EITI -is principebisaTvis xmis micemisas lord braunma londonis konferenciaze zustad aRwera kontrolirebadi ucxouri investicia, rogorc “siRatakidan gamosvlis saSualeba”. 25 ix. regionaluri mimoxilva, gv. 140-145 Page 37 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba 1. Sesyidvebi PSA (produqciis wilobrivi gayofis SeTanxmebebi) rogorc ACG, aseve Sah denizis proeqtebisaTvis mouwodebs proeqtis partniorebs gamoiyenon adgilobrivi momwodeblebi iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac adgilobrivi kompaniebi konkurentulni arian fasebis, xarisxisa da vargisianobis TvalsazrisiT 26. damatebiT sxvadasxva ESIA-ebi da kontraqtoris sakontrolo gegmebi gansakuTrebiT amaxvileben yuradRebas am ZiriTad adgilobriv SesaZleblobebze27. Sesyidvebis SesaZleblobaTa diapazoni icvleba proeqtebis sasicocxlo ciklis mixedviTda moicavs SesaZleblobebs, rogorc specialuri serviskompaniebisaTvis (cifruli biznes servisebi, ekologiuri samsaxuri, saarendo aRWurviloba), aseve arateqnikuri SME-ebisaTvis (magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi kveba, Rebva, uSiSroeba da narCenebis marTva). Sesyidvebis bevri SesaZlebloba aris an xelmisawvdomi iqneba qvekontraqtul safuZvelze, ramdenadac proeqtis zogierTi saqmianoba moicavs ufro did sawyis kontraqtebs specialistebisa da sxvebis qvekontraqtebis CaTvliT, romlebic gamiznulia bolomde damuSavebisaTvis eqspluataciis procesSi. Sesyidvebis zogierTi SesaZleblobani SedarebiT mokle vadiania (magaliTad, milsadenis mSenebloba); bevri maTgani moiTxovs sawarmoo da proeqtTan dakavSirebuli standartebis mkacr dacvas. Sesyidvebis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobani gansakuTrebiT arsebiTia azerbaijanSi mopovebiT nawilSi mSeneblobis dros28, magram orive qveyanaSi, saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanSi, adgili aqvs maragebis did moTxovnas milsadenis mSeneblobisa29 da eqspluataciis30(SedarebiT naklebi xarisxiT) dros. Sesyidvebis adgilobriv moTxovnaTa mxardasaWerad BP-m da misma partniorebma Tavis Tavze aiRes mTeli rigi Semdegi iniciativebi: ? • 26 sawarmoo centri: proeqtis partniorebis saxeliT BP-m 2002 wlis maisSi baqoSi Camoayaliba sawarmoo centri, rogorc azerbaijanSi proeqtTan dakavSirebuli SME saqmianobebis centraluri kvanZi. sawarmoo centri asrulebs proeqtTan dakavSirebuli da navTobisa da gazis Sesyidvis sxva SesaZleblobebisaTvis ix. ACG da Sah denizis PSA-ebi, muxli ? ? III, punqti 18.1. 27 ix. BTC milsadenis ESIA - azerbaijani $11.3 (maisi, 2002); BTC milsadenis ESIA saqarTvelo $11.3 (aprili, 2002); ix. agreTve kontraqtoris sakontrolo gegma, Sesyidva da mowodeba, saqarTvelo (23 maisi, 2003). 28 Sefasebis mixedviT daaxloebiT $3,8 bilioni iqneba daxarjuli azerbaijanSi ACG I fazaSi, ACG faza 2. da Sah denizis proeqtis 1 safexuris ganmavlobaSi. qveynis Sida mosalodneli xarjebi mxolod ACG faza 1-dan iqneba mTliani erovnuli produqciis (GNP) 5-10%. ix. regionaluri mimoxilva, gv.102 29 BTC da SCP mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT Sefasebulia, rom daaxloebiT $150 mln daixarjeba azerbaijanSi, xolo $180 mln saqarTveloSi, igive, gv.104-105. 30 sawarmoo xarjebi moicavs damatebiT samsaxurebs, dRidan dRemde operaciebs, materialur-teqnikur uzrunvelyofasa da momsaxurebas. Page 38 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba • • angariSsworebis palatis funqcias azerbaijanSi; adgilobriv potenciur mimwodeblebs awvdis informacias samrewvelo standartebze; adgilobrivi kompaniebisaTvis awyobs farTo diapazonis teqnikuri da sabizneso treiningebs (proeqtTan dakavSirebuli satendero saqmianobebis CaTvliT); asrulebs farTo forumis funqcias praqtikumebis, seminarebisa da dialogebisaTvis SME-s ganviTarebaze azerbaijanSi. centri mWidrod TanamSromlobs IFC da EBRD -Tan SME iniciativebze. orives, IFC da EBRD -aqvT adgilze fizikuri daswrebis ufleba sawarmoo centrSi. 2002 wels sawarmoo centris Tanaxmad adgilobrivi SME danaxarji Seadgenda daaxloebiT $13,3 mln; 2003 wlisaTvis iqneba $20 mln. samarTliani aqciebi: 2002 wlis martsa da maisSi proeqtebma da maTma ZiriTadma kontraqtorebma azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi Camoayalibes programebi potenciuri miwodebis SesaZleblobebze adgilobrivi biznesisaTvis samSeneblo periodis ganmavlobaSi. biznesis ganviTarebis aliansi: BP da proeqtis garkveuli partniorebi agreTve mxars uWeren biznesis ganviTarebis alianss azerbaijanSi, romelic funqcionirebs, rogorc forumi informaciis gaziarebisaTvis biznesis, mTavrobisa da NGO aqcionerebSi, romlebic dainteresebulni arian mtkice ganviTarebis winsvlasa da kerZo seqtoris zrdaSi azerbaijanSi. biznesis ganviTarebis aliansi baqos sawarmoo centridan da sponsorebidan nawilobriv mainc moqmedebs sxva saqmianobebSi, biznesis treiningsa da mrgvali magidis garSemo diskusiebSi. specialistebis jgufi mtkiced uWers mxars am da maTTan dakavSirebul iniciativebs, raTa xeli Seuwyos adgilobriv Sesyidvebs da gansazRvravs xelsayrel SesaZleblobebs mTel rig damatebiT sferoebSi: pirveli, ganisazRvra, rom saTanado kapitalis xelmisawvdomoba ZiriTadi dabrkolebaa mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis zrdisaTvis, regionSi. magaliTad, sabWosaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom proeqtTan dakavSirebuli kontraqtebi ar iqna miRebuli, rogorc mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis sesxebis uzrunvelyofa da rom SME-ebma ver SesZles kreditebis saimedod ganTavseba. SME-ebis kreditiT uzrunvelyofisaTvis am dabrkolebebis dasaZlevad sabWos rekomendaciaa, rom briTiS petroliumma da misma partniorebma (a) eZebon regionuli ganviTarebis iseTi organizaciebis partnioroba an mxardaWera, rogorebicaa IFC, EBRD da USAID, agreTve teqnikuri daxmarebisa da sxva programebis, romlebic mimarTulia iseTi sabanko saSualebebisaken, romlebic potenciur sargeblobas moutanen mcire da saSualo sawarmoebs, rogoricaa kreditebis analizi; (b) Seiswavlon im sakredito saSualebebis dafinansebis da / an mxardaWeris SesaZleblobebi, romlebic SeiZleba Seqmnan regionuli ganviTarebis organizaciebma, specialurad mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisaTvis, romlebic amarageben proeqtebs saqonlisa da momsaxurebebiT; da (c) imuSaon adgilobriv bankebTan, raTa xeli Seuwyon, rom proeqtTan dakavSirebuli kontraqtebi miRebul iqnas, rogorc sesxebis uzrunvelyofa. meore, marTalia Sesyidvis SesaZleblobebi azerbaijanSi ufro didi iqneba, mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi aseve aqtiurad xdeba, Tu ufro metad ara. Sesabamisad, regionis mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisaTvis kapitalis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebis saerTo ZalisxmevasTan erTad, sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma unda gaaZlieron saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi Sesyidvebis SesaZleblobebis gansazRvrisa da xelSewyobis Page 39 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba Zalisxmeva, savaraudod, regionaluri ganviTarebis saagentoebis mier organizebul mcire da saSualo sawarmoebTan dakavSirebul iniciativebTan. mesame, rigma mcire da saSualo sawarmoebma, romlebsac sabWo martSi Sexvda, gamoTqves SeSfoTeba, rom meore da mesame donis qvekontraqtorebi saTanadod ver iyeneben sawarmoTa centrs Sesyidvebis SesaZleblobaTa wardgenisa da registrirebul adgilobriv mimwodebelTa maragebis gamoyenebisaTvis. mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa warmomadgenlebma aseve gamoTqves SeSfoTeba, rom SesyidvaTa zogierTi SesaZleblobebi ar iyo sakmarisad droulad warmodgenili, imisaTvis, rom adgilobriv mimwodeblebs saTanadod reagirebis SesaZlebloba hqonodaT. am problemis mogvareba unda moxdes sawarmoTa centris meSveobiT, qvekontraqtorebis monawileobis gaRrmavebis ZalisxmevasTan koordinaciaSi. imisaTvis, rom gaizardos sargebloba, romelic moaqvs baqoSi momuSave sawarmoTa centris Zalze nayofier saqmianobas, sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma unda gaafarToos sawarmoTa centris saqmianoba imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom proeqtis kontraqtorebma da qvekontraqtorebma erTnairad srulad gamoiyenon centri adgilobriovi Sesyidvebis saqmianobis mxaraWerisaTvis. meoTxe, briTiS petroleumma daadgina, rom arsebobs proeqtTan dakavSirebuli momaragebis SesaZleblobebi ara-teqnikuri kvalifikaciis mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisaTvis (mag. sazogadoebrivi kveba, Rebva, usafrTxoeba da narCenebis marTva). sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma unda gaaZlieros Zalisxmeva arateqnikuri profilis mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis gamoyenebisaTvis, rodesac SesaZlebelia proeqtis im moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofileba, romlebic ar saWiroebs specialur trenngs an kvalifikacias; am mxriv briTiS petroleumma unda waaxalisos misi partniorebic. mexuTe, bevri im mcire da saSualo sawarmos kvalifikaciebi, romlebic ukve TanamSromloben sawarmoTa centrTan, advilad gardaiqmneba komerciul SesaZleblobebSi, romlebic navTobisa da gazis seqtoris farglebs scildeba. marTlac, centri ukve axdens treningisa da SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebis iniciativaTa sponsirebas, rac miznad isaxavs mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa saerTo ganviTarebas. sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma gansazRvron, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia sawarmoTa centrs, Seasrulos ufro mniSvnelovani roli mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa Sesyidvebis konkretuli SesaZleblobebis gansazRvrasa da mxardaWeraSi, energetikis seqtoris farglebs gareT, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom aseTi RonisZiebebi unda ganxorcieldes, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli sawarmoTa centris dasusteba. 2. dasaqmeba PSA-ebi, rogorc ACG-is, aseve Sah denizisaTvis, moiTxovs proeqtis partniorebisagan, rom maT gamoiyenon adgilobrivi samuSao Zala, im zomiT, ra zomiTac es dasaSvebia operaciebis efeqtianobis TvalsazrisiT da Seesabameba samuSaos moTxovnebs 31. PSA-ebi Seicavs konkretul miznobriv maCveneblebs adgilobrivi TanamSromlebis SefardebiT raodenobasTan dakavSirebiT, proeqtis sxvadasxva 31 ix. ACG PSA, Art. VI, paras. 6.7 and 6.8. Page 40 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba etapisaTvis. metic, sxvadasxva ESIA-ebsa da kontraqtorTa kontrolis gegmebSi detaluradaa ganxiluli rogorc SesaZleblobebi, aseve is potenciuri sargebloba, romelic ukavSirdeba adgilobrivi kadrebis dasaqmebas proeqtSi, iseTi pirdapiri zemoqmedebis caTvliT, rogoricaa kvalifikaciis amaRleba 32. proeqtSi adgilobrivi dasaqmebis sargeblobis potenciali yvelaze maRalia xanmokle mSeneblobis periodSi, xolo eqspluataciis etapebze aseTi zemoqmedeba mniSvneovnad mcirdeba. magaliTad, mSeneblobis pikur periodebSi, winaswarSefasebis mixedviT, proeqtebma SeiZleba 10000 samuSao adgili uzrunvelyos, amasTan am adgilebis udidesi nawili adgilobrivi moqalaqeebiT dakompleqtdeba 33. mosalodnelia, rom winaswarSefasebuli dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi mniSvnelovnad Semcirdeba saeqspluatacio periodSi. mTlianad dasaqmebuli iqneba daaxloebiT 1800 kvalificiuri mburRavi, inJineri, teqnikosi, saoperacio menejeri proeqtis samive qveyanaSi. 34 am kvalificiuri samuSao adgilebis mxolod garkveuli nawili dakompleqtdeba adgilobrivi kadrebiT briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma ukve ganaxorcieles rigi iniciativebi adgilobrivi, proeqtTan dakavSirebuli dasaqmebis gazrdisa da samuSao Zalis garkveuli segmentis kvalifikaciis amaRlebisaTvis. q socialuri zemoqmedebis menejmentis gegmebi: briTiS petroleumi da misi partniorebi iTvaliswineben socialuri zemoqmedebis faqtorebs proeqtTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva tenderebis dokumentebSi, rac moicavs iseT sakiTxs, rogoricaa samuSao Zalis adgilobrivi Semadgenloba. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebaTa konkretul moqmedebebiT asaxvisaTvis Sedgenil kontraqtorTa kontrolis gegmebSi gaTvaliswinebulia prognozebi da monitoringis gegmebi. q treningi: sawarmoTa centris mier organizenuli treningebis garda baqoSi daarsda erovnuli treningis skola, dasac trenings gaivlian teqnikosebi, romlebic sxvadasxva proeqtebSi imuSaveben. briTiS petroleumi aseve miiRebs azerbaijanis universitetis kursdamTavrebulebs briTiS petroleumis programaSi kurdamTavrebulTaTvis (gaTvaliswinebulia treningebi saoperacio, sainJinro da sxva sferoebSi, samwliani periodis ganmavlobaSi).35 sabWo SeSfoTebulia imis gamo, rom xangrZliv dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli molodini usafuZvlod didia da potenciurad SeiZleba warmoadgendes socialuri daZabulobis wyaros, an SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas briTiS petroleumis an misi partniorebis reputacias. briTiS petroleumi da misi partniorebi scnoben molodinis menejmentis mniSvnelobas, Tumca ver moxdeba misi gadaWarbebulad Sefaseba.36 32 ix, mag baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis proeqtis kontraqtorebis kontrolis gegma dasaqmebasa da treningTan dakavSirebiT, azerbaijanisaTvis (2003 w. maisi), baqoTbilisi-jeihanis proeqtis kontraqtorebis kontrolis gegma dasaqmebasa da treningTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelosaTvis (2003 w. maisi). 33 baqo-Tbilisi-jeihani proeqtis sargeblobis Sejameba (2003 w. aprili), F-5. 34 Id. 35 ACG-s maRaros sruli damuSaveba, I etapis proeqtis bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi, $ 11.5.1 (2002 w. Tebervali). 36 ix. mag. baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadenis binebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis angariSi azerbaijanisaTvis, reziume, 1-26 (2002 w. maisi). Page 41 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba sabWos azriT briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma unda miRon damatebiTi zomebi adgilobrivi molodinis menejmentisaTvis, proeqtSi xanmokle da gansakuTrebiT ki xangrZlivi dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebTan dakavSirebiT. konkretulad, sabWos rekomendaciiT, briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom dasaqmebis winaswarSefaseba moxdes Tanmimdevrulad da realisturad da es informacia efeqtianad gadaeces sazogadoebas; amas garda briTiS petroleumma zomebi unda miiRos imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom milsadenis koridoris gaswvriv dasaxlebebSi srulad iqnas gacnobierebuli, rom mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani dasaqmeba stabiluri ar iqneba. g) adgilobrivad xelmisawvdomi energomatareblebi saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanSi arsebul energogeneraciisa da distribuciis sistemebs rigi problemebi aqvs. sabWoTa infrastruqturis dizainis dabali efeqtianoba, movla-momsaxurebis susti praqtika, gadasaxadebis amoRebis sisuste da didi danakargebi gadacemisa da distribuciis dros. Warbi moxmarebisa da gadasaxadis amoRebis dabali maCveneblebis gamo dasustda adgilobrivi energetikis seqtorebi, radganac xelmisawvdomi ar iyo sakmarisi kapitali sistemebis movla-momsaxurebisa da xelaxla aRWurvisaTvis. sabWos azriT, adgilobrivi energiis xelmisawvdomobis problemebi saqarTveloSi da azerbaijanSi mniSvnelovan potenciur risks warmoadgens briTiS petroleumisa da misi partniorebisaTvis, radganac maT gakicxaven, Tu regionuli ganviTareba da milardobiT bareli navTobisa da gazis tranziti milsadenis marSrutis gaswvriv (da mis gareTac) mcxovrebi ojaxebis did nawils zamTarSi gaTbobis, xolo mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi - eleqtroenergiis gareSe datovebs. sabWo scnobs, rom adgilobrivi energetikis seqtoris mxardaWerisa da SenarCunebisaTvis sicocxlisunariani institucionaluri da politikuri bazis Seqmnaze ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba ekisreba xelisuflebas da ara gareSe investorebs, magram, ramdenadac briTiS petroleumi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iqneba saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanSi, man daintereseba unda gamoiCinos da garkveuli roli Seasrulos arsebuli (xolo saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi mzardi) politikuri, infrastruqturuli da saeqspluatacio problemebis mogvarebis saqmeSi. sabWo gegmavs daubrundes am sakiTxebs da ufro detalurad ganixilos isini Semdgom angariSebSi, magram aq warmodgenilia rigi dakvirvebebi da rekomendaciebi, TiToeul qveyanaSi energetikis sferoSi arsebuli alternativebis mokle Sejamebis Semdeg. 1. saqarTvelo amJamad saqarTveloSi bunebrivi gazis ziriTadi mimwodebeli ruseTia, Tumca saqarTvelos mier gadaxdebis simwiris gamo momarageba xSirad wydeba. amas garda saqarTvelo damokidebulia gareSe investiciebze, gazis distribuciis sistemis uwyveti funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, xolo wamyvan rols asruleben rusi investorebi. gazis distribuciis seqtorSi valebi grovdeba aramarto mTels sitemaSi gadasaxadebis Segrovebis sisustis gamo, aramed teqnikuri da momaragebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva danakargebis gamoc, rac 30 procents Seadgens. saqarTveloSi gazis momaragebis problemebi pirdapir zemoqmedebas axdens eleqtroenergiis seqtorze, romelSic aseve mniSvnelovania moSlili infrastruqturis, gadasaxadebis susti Segrovebis, didi teqnikuri danakargebisa da korufciis problemebi. Page 42 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba siTburi energogeneraciis perspeqtivebi sakmaod sustia, nawilobriv gardabanSi arsebuli Tbilsresis teqnikuri mdgomareobis gamo, romelic Tbiliss da mimdebare teritorias amaragebs. qveyana didadaa damokidebuli hidroeleqtroenergiaze; damatebiTi hidroeleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebis perspeqtivebi SedarebiT ukeTesia, bunebrivi da ucxouri investiciebis resursebis xelmisawvdomibis gamo. Tumca, mTliani moTxovna jer kidev gacilebiT aRemateba momaragebis SesaZleblobebs. saqarTveloSi energiis momxmareblebis damokidebuleba da moqmedeba Camoyalibda wlebis ganmavlobaSi subsidirebuli energomomaragebis arsebobiT, sazomi da saaRricxvo meqanizmebis simwiriT. aRricxvis es susti meqanizmi da marTvis ufro farTo problemebi xelsayrel garemos qmnis korufciisaTvis, romelsac adgili aqvs qveynis energogeneraciisa da distribuciis infrastruqturis yvela dneze. gadaxdis susti praqtika da cudi momarageba aseve mniSvnelovania energiis distribuciis seqtoris dabali rentabelobisaTvis, romelsac kidev ufro auaresebs is faqti, rom politikosebs ar surT tarifebis gazrda rentabelur donemde. sabWo mxars uWers briTiS petroleumis RonisZiebebs, romlebic iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos adgilobrivi energetikis seqtoris reformebis da momaragebis gaumjobesebis xelSewyobas, rac moicavs: q briTiS petroleumTan da statoilTan dakavSirebuli personali aqtiur monawileobas iRebs resursebis dagegmvis samuSao jgufis muSaobaSi, romelic organzebulia saqarTvelos saTbob-energetikis saministros mier. am monawileobis meSveobiT briTiS petroleumi da misi zogierTi partniori daexmara adgilobrivi energetikis seqtoris efeqtianad muSaobis dabrkolebebis dadgenasa da gansazRvraSi da maT konkretuli teqnikuri daxmareba gauwies mTavrobisaTvis momaragebis pirobebis gaumjobesebis rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas. q briTiS petroleumma aseve daafinansa da uzrunvelyo saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis 2002 w. avariis Semdgom gardabanSi arsebuli Tbilsresis SekeTebisa da saimedo mdgomareobamde aRdgenisaTvis aucilebeli samuSaoebis detaluri teqnikuri analizi da briTiS petroleumma SesTavaza proeqtis menejmentis saeqsperto SesaZleblobebi rekomendaciebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. q norvegiis mTavrobasTan da statoilTan TanamSromlobiT briTiS petroleumi daexmara gardabnis eleqtrosadguris proeqts mZime navTobis Sesanaxi saSualebebis aRdgenaSi, romelic alternatiul resurss warmoadgens eleqtrosadguris muSaobis uzrunvelsayofad, bunebrivi gazis miwodebis Seferxebis SemTxvevaSi. q amas garda briTiS petroleumma da misma zogierTma partniorma finansuri daxmareba gauwia zamTris gaTbobis daxmarebis programas, romelsac USAID uwevs administrirebas da romelic daexmara saqarTvelos uRaribes mosaxleobas zamTris mZime Tveebis ganmavlobaSi energomomaragebis daxmarebis miRebaSi. sabWo agrZelebs im RonisZiebaTa Sefasebas, romlebic SeuZliaT efeqtianad ganaxorcielon briTiS petoleumma da misma partniorebma saqarTvelos energetikis seqtoris reformis Semdgomi xelSewyobisaTvis. sabWo rekomendacias uwevs briTiS petroleums, ganagrZos aqtiuri rolis Sesruleba resursebis dagegmvis samuSao jgufSi, teqnikuri daxmarebis miwodebis CaTvliT, romelic organizebulia da xorcieldeba am jgufis mier. dReisaTvis ganisazRvra rigi potenciuri midgomebi sabWos mier Catarebuli gamokiTxvebis mimdinareobis procesSi. konkretuli rekomendaciebis SemuSavebisas sabWo miiRebs dainteresebuli mxareebis daxmarebas iseT iniciativebTan dakavSirebiT, rogorebicaa: Page 43 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba q q q q energetikis reformebisaTvis saWiro iseTi aRWurvilobis nawilis uzrunvelyofa an dafinanseba, rogorebicaa daculi mricxvelebi sadistribucio kompaniebisaTvis (gadasaxadis amoRebis problemis mosagvareblad), aRWurviloba ganaxlebadi energiis proeqtebisaTvis (importirebul navTobsa da gazze damokidebulebis Sesamcireblad) da saofise kompiuteruli sistemebi (ukeTesi saaRricxvo sistemebis da amgariSebis Tvalis midevndebis xelSewyobisaTvis). nebismieri aseTi RonisZiebebi SeiZleba koordinirebuli iyos donorebTan, romlebic axdenen aRWurvilobis gadacemis organizebas daxmarebis konkretuli paketebisaTvis, rogoricaa TACIS (evropis Tanamegobroba), USAID da msoflio banki. teqnikuri daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa an mxardaWera miznobrivi iniciativebisaTvis, romlebmac SeiZleba gazardos eleqtroenergiis saimedo gamomuSAveba. es SeiZleba moicavdes magaliTad damatebiT samuSAoebs gardabnis eleqtrosadgurze an muSaobas saqarTveloSi gazis gadamcem sistemebTan dakavSirebuli TACIS-is RonisZiebebis xelSewyobisaTvis. (sabWos azriT teqnikuri daxmarebis samuSaoebi, romlebic ganxorcielda 2002 w. gardabnis eleqtrosadgurTan dakavSirebiT aseTi saxis iniciativis kargi magaliTia). hidroeleqtroenergiis sferoSi mimdinare proeqtebis mxardaWera, mdinaris auzis menejmentidan qveynis hidroeleqtrosadgurebis reabilitaciamde da hidroeleqtrosadgurebis rezervebis menejmentamde. am seqtoris proeqtebi ganxorcielebulia an organizebulia USAID -is da sxvaTa mier. saqarTveloSi energiis sxva ganaxlebadi formebis, mag. qaris energiis Seswavlis mxardaWera. sabWo varaudobs, rom briTiS petroleumis monawileobam energetikis seqtorisTvis gazis miwodebaSi an gazis distribuciaSi SeiZleba Seaferxos reforma da aiZulos briTiS petroleumi, rom man energetikis seqtorSi uSualo roli ikisros, rac ufro tradiciulad samTavrobo organoebis prerogativaa. 2. azerbaijani azerbaijanSi alternativa nakleb mZimea, saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT, Tumca mTlianobaSi didad ar gansxvavdeba. iseve, rogorc saqarTveloSi, susti movlamomsaxurebis, gadasaxadebis Segrovebis dabali maCveneblebisa da xelmisawvdomi kapitalis naklebobis gamo adgilobrivma energogeneraciisa da distribuciis infrastruqturam mniSvnelovani degradacia ganicada. azerbaijanma saTanado prioriteti mianiWa gadasaxadebis Segrovebis praqtikas, energiis rogorc saxelmwifo daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli, aseve sxva momxmareblebisaTvis, agreTve Tavad komunaluri momsaxurebis kompaniebisaTvis. azerbaijanma amas garda moipova moflio bankis daxmareba tarifebis struqturis reformirebis sferoSi, raTa momxdariyo momsaxurebis miwodebis danaxarjebis dafarva. Catarda gaumjobesebebi - maT Soris kerZo seqtoris eleqtrogamanawilebel kompaniebTan grZelvadiani kontraqtebis meSveobiT, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia momsaxurebis Sewyveta gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi, magram problemebi kvlav rCeba. azerbaijanSi gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis udidesi nawili tradicuil siTbur eleqtrosadgurebze modis da eleqtroenergiis mxlod mcire raodenoba miiReba hidroeleqtrosadgurebidan. bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi eleqtrogeneraciis sferoSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar momxdara da azerbaijansi regularulad axdens Page 44 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba eleqtroenergiis imports mezobeli qveynebidan. iseve, rogorc saqarTveloSi, eleqtroenergiis miwodeba soflad ufro nakleb saimedoa, vidre dedaqalaqSi. Tumca azerbaijans gaaCnia bunebrivi gazis mniSvnelovani rezervebi zRvaSi, xmeleTze momxmareblebisaTvis gazis miwodebis infrastruqtura sakmaod SezRudulia da ganicdis Sesanaxi simZlavreebis deficits. amis Sedegad arsebuli maragebis garkveuli raodenoba ubralod iwveba zRvaSi. cota xnis win azerbaijani bunebrivi gazis importiori iyo da gazis mniSvnelovani raodenoba ruseTidan Semodioda. Sah denizis maRaros damuSavebis Semdeg, savaraudod, azerbaijani bunebrivi gazis eqsportiori gaxdeba da uzrunvelyofs mniSvnelovan maragebs adgilobrivi bazrisaTvis. bunebrivi gazis gadacemisa da distribuciis qseli mniSvnelovan investiciebs da ganaxlebas saWiroebs, koroziisa da gaJonvis (garda aRuricxavi gazis danakargebisa) problemebis mogvarebisaTvis. aseve mniSvnelovani investiciebia saWiro qveyanaSi arsebuli gazis Sesanaxi saSualebebisaTvis, romlebic baqodan samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebareobs garadarsa da galmazSi mosalodnelia, rom Sah denizisa da ufro naklebad ACG-s damuSavebis proeqtebi mniSvnelovan sargeblobas moutans azerbaijanis adgilobriv energetikul seqtors. q pirveli, Sah denizis maRaros damuSaveba uSualo momaragebis axal wyaroebs Seuqmnis SOCAR-s da azerbaijanis mTavrobas. q meore, ACG PSA-is Sesabamisad azerbaijani ufasod miiRebs Tanmxleb gazs (e. i. bunebriv gazs, romelic Tan axlavs navTobis sabadoebs) da ganagrZobs mis miRebas. briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma sasargeblo RonisZiebebi ganaxorcieles imisaTvis, rom daxmarebodnen azerbaijans proeqtTan dakavSirebuli sargeblobis realizaciaSi. magaliTad briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma, proeqtis aderuli etapis saproeqto samuSaoebisaTvis Caatares azerbaijanis gazis infrastruqturis Sefaseba, ris safuZvelzec Sedgenil iqna gazis mTavari gegma qveynisaTvis. briTiS petroleumi da misi partniorebi kvlavac agrZeleben azerbaijanis mTavrobis araoficialur mxardaWeras energetikis politikis SemuSavebis saqmeSi. marTalia saqarTvelosa da azerbaijans rigi saerTo sisusteebi aqvT adgilobriv energetikul seqtorebSi, briTiS petroleumisa da misi partniorebis miznobrivi intervenciis saWiroeba gacilebiT ufro dabalia azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT, ZiriTadad im mniSvnelovani finansuri da bunebrivi resursebis gamo, romlebic xelmisawvdomi iqneba azerbaijanisaTvis, procesis Semdgomi ganviTarebis dros. amas garda azerbaijanis mTavrobam ukve gadadga pirveli nabijebi adgilobrivi enrgetikis seqtoris struqturuli sisusteebis dasaZlevad, nawilobriv briTiS petroleumisa da misi partniorebis teqnikuri da sxva saxis daxmarebiT. briTiS petroleums kvlavac mniSvnelovani SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia imisaTvis, rom daexmaros azerbaijans proeqtTan dakavSirebuli sargeblobis realizaciaSi, energetikis dargSi. sabWo ganagrZobs am sakiTxebis Seswavlas da miiRebs dainteresebuli mxareebis daxmarebas yvelaze mwvave saWiroebebis dakmayofilebasa da savaraudo iniciativebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT. erT-erTi iniciativa, romelic ganisazRvra, esaa qveynis adgilobrivi gazis Sesanaxi saSualebebis aRdgena garadagsa da galmazSi (baqodan samxreT-dasavleTiT). sabWosaTvis gasagebia, rom briTiS petroleumi ikisrebs da / an mxars dauWers aseTi nabijis analizs. gazis Sesanaxi saSualebebis aRdgena savaraudod xels Seuwyobs azerbaijanSi gazis miwodebis axali SeTanxmebebis gawonasworebasa da optimizacias, rodesac daiwyeba Sah denizis eqspluatacia da gaizrdeba mopoveba ACG-Si. konkretulad, Page 45 of 125 nawili IV ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba aseTi Sesanaxi saSualebebi daexmareba azerbaijans, ganaxorcielos miwodebis im kontraqtebis efeqtiani menejmenti, romlebic Sah denizTan dakavSirebiT daido, Sah denizidan gazis stabilurad da efeqtianad miRebaSi da potenciurad Seamcirebs azerbaijanis damokidebulebas importul rusul gazze zamTris TveebSi, Tu qveyana SesZlebs Seqmnas gazis sarezervo maragi nebismieri sxva periodis ganmavlobaSi, rodesac TurqeTi da saqarTvelo Semcirebul raodenobas Seisyidian. briTiS petroleumisa da misi partniorebis monawileobam aRdgenis RonisZiebebSi SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos proeqtis mxardaWeras ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso organizaciis mxridan. amas garda, gazis Senaxvis gazrdili simZlavreebi savaraudod gaaadvilebs azerbaijanis mier saqarTvelos gaziT moklevadian momaragebas arsebuli azergazis ganawilebis sistemis meSveobiT (es savaraudod gazrdis saqarTveloSi gazis Sesanaxi ZviradRirebuli saSualebebis saWiroebas). sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma unda gaaanalizos azerbaijanSi gazis Senaxvis potenciuri efeqtianoba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganixilos proeqtis partniorebTan azerbaijanisaTvis teqnikuri da samenejmento daxmarebis SeTavazebis SesaZlebloba garadagsa da galmazSi arsebuli gazis Sesanaxi saSualebebis aRdgenis RonisZiebebisaTvis.. Page 46 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze Page 47 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze briTiS petroleumma Caatara ekologiuri gamokvlevebi da Seadgina bunebriv garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebebi proeqtis yvela komponentisaTvis, agreTve gamoaqveyna proeqtebi da moiTxova daxmareba TiToeuli dokumentisaTvis yvela dainteresebuli mxarisagan. sabWom mouwona briTiS petroleums TiToeuli am dokumentis Sedgena, romelTa proeqtebi da saboloo versiebi xelmisawvdomia ramdenime enaze, maT Soris inglisurad, rusulad, azerbaijanulad, qarTulad da Turqulad. am nawilSi ganxilulia ZiriTadi ekologiuri sakiTxebi, romlebic proeqts ukavSirdeba da briTiS petroleumis rigi rekomendaciebi. a) azerbaijani briTiS petroleumisa da misi partniorebis mier bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis mravali Sefasebis Seswavlis safuZvelze sabWos StabeWdilebaa, rom briTiS petroleumma dasaxa seriozuli da SeTanxmebuli RonisZiebebi kaspiis proeqtebTan dakavSirebuli ekologiuri zianis SerbilebisaTvis. azerbaijanSi ekologiuri riskis analizi, romelic briTiS petroleumma Caatara, yovelmxrivi da detaluria. am riskTan dakavSirebuli dokumentebi, Serbilebis gegmebi da maTi sajarod warmodgena amomwuravad da srulad ganxorcielda. amas garda briTiS petroleumi misdevs an aviTarebs saukeTeso samrewvelo praqtikas milsadenis dizainTan mimarTebaSi, boWkovani optikis marTvis sistemebis, sagangebo SemTxvevebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli Camketi sarqvelebis da milsadenis aqtiuri monitoringis CaTvliT. savele vizitebis dros sabWo gaocebuli darCa ekologiuri gadagvarebis ukiduresi doniT, rac sabWoTa periodis memkvidreobas warmoadgens. kaspiis zRvaSi aris mitovebuli saburRi koSkurebi da navTobis platformebi, Jangi da sibnZure. navTobis laqebi aris rogorc kaspiis zRvaSi, aseve sanapirozec. mcenareuli safari sanapiroze minimaluria, Zlieria niadagis erozia. Tevzis Warbi raodenobiT daWeram, im eqspertebis azriT, romlebsac sabWo Sexvda, ganapiroba komerciuli TevzsaWeri adgilebis TiTqmis mTlianad ganadgureba. marTalia briTiS petroleumi pasuxs ar agebs ekologiur gadagvarebaze, rac araswori menejmentiTTaa ganpirobebuli, man, sul mcire, unda uzrunvelyos proeqtis RonisZiebaTa garemoze uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvana. . sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma, rogorc mniSvnelovanma ucxoelma investorma azerbaijanSi, unda miiRos zomebi bunebrivi garemos Semdgomi ganadgurebis SemcirebisaTvis, azerbaijansa da kaspiis zRvaSi. sabWo sTavazobs komentarebsa da rekomendaciebs Semdeg sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT: 1. naburRi qanebi rigma arasamTavrobo organizaciebma, Tanamdebobis pirebma da akademikosebma sabWos winaSe wamoWres naburRi qanebis sakiTxi. naburRi qanebi esaa qvebi da narCenebi, romlebic navTobis an gazis WaburRilis burRvis dros warmoiqmneba. narCenebis gadayras potenciurad SeiZleba uaryofiTi ekologiuri zemoqmedeba hqondes, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamoiyeneba sinTeturi saburRi saSualebebi burRvis procesSi. CrdiloeT amerikisa da evropis qveynebis Page 48 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze mTavrobebma miiRes ufro mkacri wesebi navTobisa da gazis WaburRilebTan dakavSirebuli operaciebis dros gamoyenebuli sinTeturi siTxeebiT dabinZurebuli narCenebis mocilebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca bevr aspeqtSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi da evropa sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT moZraoben. briTiS petroleumis naburRi narCenebis programa sazogadod evropul midgomas Seesabameba. AIOC-ma da Sah denizis konsorciumma daafinanses saukeTeso praqtikuli ekologiuri alternativis (BPEO) Seswavla, wyliani saburRi xsnaris gamoyenebiT (sinTeturi xsnaris nacvlad) burRvisas miRebuli narCenebis mocilebisaTvis moqmedebis saukeTeso Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvris mizniT. BPEO-s Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom `saukeTeso meTodi naburRi masisa da sinTetur / wylis safuZvelze damzadebuli saburRi xsnaris mocilebis saukeTeso meTodia maTi zRvaSi CaSveba~.37 BPEO-s Seswavlis daskvnebze dayrdnobiT AIOC-ma da Sah denizis konsorciumma daadgines WaburRilis zeda fenidan naburRi masisa da wyalze damzadebuli saburRi xsnaris zRvaSi CaSveba. WaburRilis zeda fenidan naburRi masa mTlianad naburRi narCenebis daaxloebiT 15%-s Seadgens. briTiS petroleumis midgoma ACG-sa da Sah denizSi Seesabameba briTiS petroleumis praqtikas mTels msoflioSi. ACG-s bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom `naburRi narCenebisa da wyliani saburRi xsnaris zRvaSi CaSvebis Sedegad CaSvebis adgilis maxloblad moxdeba zRvis fskeris mosworeba, zRvis fskeris Sesabamisi fizikuri cvlilebebiT da zRvis fskeris saarsebo gaemos Sesabamisi biologiuri cvlilebebiT.~38 saxeldobr, radganac burRvis programa aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldeba, narCenebis CaSveba zRvis fskerze gamoiwvevs uaryofiT zemoqmedebas zRvis fskeris mimdebare fenis organizmebze. ACG ESIA-Si aRniSnulia, rom fskeris mimdebare fenaze zemoqmedeba adgilobrivi masStabiT mniSvnelovani iqneba.39 AIOCma da Sah denizis konsorciumma ikisres naburRi masebis CaSvebis mWidro monitoringis ganxorcieleba. Tu naburRi narCenebisa da wyliani xsnaris CaSveba moxdeba zRvaSi, sinTeturi xsnari mTlianad moxvdeba WaburRilSi an gadatanili iqneba napirze, Semgomi mocilebisaTvis. am midgomidan erTi gamonaklisia Ciragis platforma, sadac yvela narCenebis CaSveba moxdeba zRvaSi, radganac platforma ar aris sakmarisi sididis imisaTvis, rom SesaZlebeli iyos narCenebis Tavmoyra napirze gadasatanad. sabWo ar aris im mdgomareobaSi, rom Seafasos BPEO-s gamokvlevis meTodologia an misi daskvnebi da mas ar gaaCnia saTanado teqnikuri saeqsperto SesaZlebl;obebi imisaTvis, rom Seafasos narCenebis mocilebis gegmebi ACG-sa da Sah denizis proeqtebisaTvis. Tumca sabWom briTiS petroleums acnoba amasTan dakavSirebiT, rom azerbaijanis mTavrobis rigma oficialurma pirebma, agreTve akademikosebma da arasamTavrobo organizaciebma gamoTqves SeSfoTeba da ukmayofileba narCenebis mocilebis gegmebTan da kaspiis zRvaze maT zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT.sabWo ganagrZobs briTiS petroleumis midgomisa da narCenebis mocilebis ganxilvas Semdgom angariSebSi. 37 Id. § 10.3.2.3. 38 ACG-s pirveli etapis ganviTarebis proeqtebi, bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi § 14.2.1.1. 39 Id. § 16.6. Page 49 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze amasobaSi sabWos rekomendaciis mixedviT briTiS petroleumma unda gangrZos naburRi narCenebis mocilebis programis ekologiuri zemoqmedebis monitoringi da regularulad Caataros konsultaciebi azerbaijanis garemos dacvis saministrosTan misi mignebebisa da Sefasebebis Sesaxeb. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, burRvis RonisZiebebi aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldeba. sabWom aRniSna, rom Catarebuli gamokvlevis mniSvnelovani nawili ganxorcielebulia sxvadasxva organizaciebis mier, romlebic naburRi narCenebis mocilebis saukeTeso praqtikaze muSaoben. sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumi xSirad unda daubrundes naburRi narCenebis mocilebis sakiTxs, globaluri saukeTeso praqtikis ganviTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT da ikisros, rom Secvlis mocilebis meTodebs am saukeTeso praqtikis cvlilebebis Sesabamisad. amas garda, sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma unda Seiswavlos grZelvadiani alternativebi im narCenebis mocilebisaTvis, romlebic droebiT napirzea dagrovili. 2. navTobis daRvra briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma AIOC-Si SeimuSaves, dokumenturad gaaformes da ganaxorcieles navTobis daRvris profilaqtikis strategia ACGsaTvis. amas garda, AIOC-ma SeimuSava da Semdgom ganaviTarebs navTobis daRvraze reagirebis gegmas navTobis daRvris SemTxvevisaTvis. 40 marTalia AIOC-is navTobis daRvris profilaqtikis strategia qmediTunariania da saukeTeso praqtikas Seesabameba, didi raodenobiT navTobis daRvras, risi albaTobac Zalze mcirea, kaspiis zRvisaTvis, sanapiros garemosaTvis (saxeldobr ki WaobebisaTvis) 41 da frinvelTa populaciebisaTvis mniSvnelovani Sedegebi mohyveba. navTobis daRvris SemTxvevaSi seriozuli safrTxe Seeqmneba briTiS petroleumis reputaciasac. briTiS petroleumi mxardaWeras uwevs azerbaijanis mTavrobis Zalisxmevas navTobis daRvris gauTvaliswinebeli SemTxvevebis erovnuli gegmis SemuSavebisaTvis. 42 evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankma daafinansa azerbaijanis mTavrobis mier am gegmis SemuSaveba, sadac mTavroba ruqaze daitans sanapiros adre aRuniSnav garemos da SeimuSavebs process im dispersantebis gamocdisa da damtkicebisaTvis, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba navTobis daRvris SemTxvevaSi. sabWo varaudobs rom briTiS petroleumi ganagrZobs am mniSvnelovan proeqtze muSaobas azerbaijanis Sesabamis organoebTan erTad. AIOC-is navTobis daRvraze reagirebis sistema gansazRvravs risksa da Sedegebs, romlebic navTobis daRvris xuT sxvadasxva scenars ukavSirdeba, dawyebuli mcire gadamamuSavebeli aRWurvilobidan gaJonvidan platformis adgilas katastroful amofrqvevamde. TiToeuli scenaris statistikuri albaToba Zalze mcirea. AIOC amTavrebs navTobis daRvris SemTxvevebSi reagirebis gegmebis Sedgenas am scenarebidan TiToeulisaTvis. sabWo briTiS petroleums gansaxilvelad sTavazobs sam dakvirvebasa da rekomendaciebs, im droisaTvis, rodesac AIOC SeimuSavebs navTobis daRvraze reagirebis saboloo gegmas. 40 ix. ACG FFD I etapis navTobis daRvraze reagirebis sistema. saxeldobr ix. cxrili 8, navTobis daRvraze reagirebis gegmebis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebis vadebi.. 41 ix. id. cxrilebi 2 - 4 (Waobebi, romlebic ramsaris konvenciiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli) 42 ix. id. § 4.2.2. Page 50 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze pirveli, AIOC-is navTobis daRvraze reagirebis sistema iTvaliswinebs, rom navTobis daRvris Sewyvetis dro mexuTe, yvelaze uaresi scenarisaTvis 42 dRes Seadgens. am periodis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba daiRvaros 200 000-mde kuburi metri navTobi. sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma AIOC-Si unda Seiswavlon im periodis Semcirebis praqtikuli SesaZleblobebi, romelic saWiroa amofrqvevis Sedegad navTobis daRvris SeCerebisaTvis. meore, navTobis didi raodenobiT daRvras SeiZleba kaspiis zRvisaTvis katastrofuli Sedegebi mohyves da saWiroebs reagirebas kaspiis zRvis ramdenime qveynis mxridan. scenarebSi warmodgenilia kompleqsuri da politikuri TvalsazrisiT mgrZnobiare reagirebis dagegmvis alternativebi briTiS petroleumisa da gansakuTrebiT ki AIOCisaTvis, kaspiis zRvaSi iurisdiqciis daudgeneli sazRvrebis gamo. briTiS petroleumma didi sifrTxile unda gamoiCinos imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aicilos kaspiis zRvaSi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebTan dakavSirebuli politikuri debatebis centrSi moxvedra. amave dros, navTobis transsasazRvro daRvris SemTxvevaSi ekologiuri zemoqmedebis SerbilebisaTvis briTiS petroleumsa da AIOC-s dasWirdebaT reagireba dayovnebis gareSe, ramdenime iurisdiqciis farglebSi, mas Semdeg, rac winaswar iqneba mogvarebuli transsasazRvro problemebi. sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma da AIOC-m mWodrod iTanamSromlon Sesabamis mTavrobebTan, navTobis daRvraze reagirebis transsasazRvro gegmis Sesabamisad. mesame, ramdenadac sabWosaTvis ar aris cnobili baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadenis meSveobiT ara ACG-s navTobis eqsportis Taobaze komerciuli SeTanxmebebis Sesaxeb, arsebobs SesaZllebloba, rom BTC-s partniorebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon milsadenis Warbi simZlavreebi sxva warmoSobis navTobisaTvis, maT Soris kaSaganis maRarodan, yazaxeTSi. wabWo varaudobs, rom kaSaganis navTobis transportireba sangaCalSi moxdeba tankerebis meSveobiT, Tavdapirvelad mainc. Tu miRebuli iqneba gadawyvetileba ara ACG-s navTobis baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadeniT transportirebis Sesaxeb, sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma unda Seavsos bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dokumenti riskis SefasebiTa da Serbilebis savaraudo zomebiT, romlebic navTobis damatebiT miwodebas ukavSirdeba. sabWo ganagrZobs monitoringis ganxorcielebas, analizsa da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas ekologiur zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT, damatebiTi komerciuli SesaZleblobebisaTvis, Tu aseTebi iqneba, Semdgom angariSebSi. 3. sangaCalis terminali arsebuli terminali sangaCalSi mniSvnelovnad gafarTovdeba, ACG-sa da Sah denizis maRaroebis da baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanisa da samxreT kavkasiis milsadenebis momsaxurebis uzrunvelsayofad. sanam miiRebdnen sangaCalis terminalis gafarToebis proeqts, briTiS petroleumma da misma partniorebma Caatares bunebrv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba sangaCalis terminalis adreuli samoqalaqo sainJinro samuSaoebis programisTvis. sabWom Seiswavla bunebrv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dokumenti, moinaxula sangaCali da daaskvna, rom briTiS petrroleumi da misi partniorebi saTanado nabijebs dgamen im ekologiuri zianis SerbilebisaTvis, romelic ukavSirdeba sangaCalis terminalis gafarToebasa da mSeneblobas. saxeldobr, sabWo aRniSnavs dezebiani kus gadarCenisa da sainformacio programis warmatebiT mimdinareobas, romelis farglebSic dezebian kuebs gadaiyvanen mSeneblobis teritoriidan Page 51 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze maxloblad arsebul maTTvis saaresebod xelsayrel garemoSi. sabWos rekomendaciiT briTiS petroleumma unda ganaxorcielos kus gadarCenisa da sainformacio programis mWidro monitoringi da gamoaqveynos monacemebi mis Sesaxeb da Sedegebi. sabWos rekomendaciebi aseve iTvaliswinebs, rom briTiS petroleumi ganagrZobs muSaobas da ganaxorcielebs naxevrad udabnos saarsebo garemos kompensaciis programas da moaxdens miwis reabilitacias `erTi erTze~ an ukeTes safuZvelze, imisaTvis, rom moaxdinos im naxevrad udabnos saarsebo garemoTa kompensacia, romlebic ganadgurda terminalis mSeneblobis dros. 4. samecniero informaciis gamoqveyneba sabWo aRniSnavs, rom BP da misma partniorebma moipoves garemos dacvis da samecniero xasiaTis didi odenobis informacia kaspiis zRvis da misi Semogarenis Sesaxeb. am kvlevebis umravlesoba miznad isaxavs iseTi informaciis mopovebas, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli gazis da navTobis industriasTan, rogoricaa mcenareTa da cxovelTa kvleva, ekologiuri urTierTobebi da socialuri da ekonomikuri xasiaTis informacia. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, rigma faqtorebma, rac moicavs, magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar Semoifargleba, sanavTobo industriiT gamowveul dabinZurebas, gamoiwvia kaspiis zRvis ekologiis ukiduresi degradacia. BP da misma partniorebma daiwyes rTuli gegmebis danergva im mizniT, raTa minimumamde daiyvanon kaspiis mopovebiTi nawilis da transportis proeqtebTan dakavSirebuli garemoze mavne zegavlena. BP da misma partniorebma agreTve Camoayalibes gegmebi, raTa ganaxorcielon garemoze zegavlenis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis monitoringi, romelic zemoT aris moyvanili. amdenad, amgvari Semarbilebeli strategiebis warmatebis Tu warumateblobis yvelaze mniSvnelovani maCvenebeli gaxdeba samecniero informacia, romelic moicavs garemoze proeqtis zegavlenis Sefasebas. imisTvis, rom amgvarma informaciam daimsaxuros sazogadoebis ndoba, saWiroa am informaciis wyaroebi. amasTan erTad, gamomdinare iqidan, rom ACG, Shah Deniz, BTC da SCP proeqtebs eniWebaT didi mniSvneloba, BP da misi partniorebi dganan riskis winaSe. isini SeiZleba usamarTlod daadanaSaulon kaspiis zRvis da misi Semogarenis ekologiis degradaciaSi, risTvisac BP da misi partniorebi, ase Tu ise, ageben pasuxs. sabWos erT-erTi mecnieris intervius Tanaxmad: “BP fexSi ixlis tyvias, rodesac ar gvaZlevs saSualebas gamovaqveynoT samecniero informacia. navTobis daRvris SemTxvevaSi, asi wlis ganmavlobaSi, sanam realuri situacia, romelic arsebobda kaspiispireTSi proeqtebis dawyebis win, ar gaxdeba cnobili sazogadoebisaTvis maT daedebaT brali sanavTobo industriis ekologiis ugulvelyofaSi”. ekologiis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb sabaziso informaciis Seqmnis da gamoqveynebis meSveobiT BP da mis partniorebs miecemaT saSualeba ukeT daadginon ekologiis dabinZurebis wyaroebi kaspiispireTSi da mis SemogarenSi. sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP da mis partniorebs gamoaqveynon maT mier Segrovebuli sabaziso ekologiuri da samecniero informacia, raTa is gaxdes cnobili saTanado teqnikuri sazogadoebisaTvis da farTo sazogadoebisaTvis. Page 52 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze b) saqarTvelo 1. navTobsadenis marSruti saqarTveloSi, ekologiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, gansakuTrebiT im sakiTxebs, romlebic exeba BTC da SCP navTobsadenebs, sabWos mxridan daeTmo iseve didi dro, rogorc sxva sakiTxebs. vinaidan gadawyvetileba navTobsadenis marSrutis Sesaxeb miRebuli iyo sabWos daarsebamde, sabWom gaamaxvila yuradReba im procesebis gaazrebaze, romelTa Sedegadac miRebuli iyo gadawyvetilebebi da is Tu ra xasiaTis Semarbilebeli zomebi iyo miRebuli ekologiaze negatiuri gavlenis Tavidan acilebis mizniT BP da misi partniorebis mier, damatebiTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis mizniT sabWom rekomendaciiT mimarTa BP. am mizniT sabWo awyobda Sexvedrebs an ukavSirdeboda samTavrobo uwyebebs, maT Soris, saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministros, saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, akademikosebs da sxva dainteresebul mxareebs, sabWom gadaamowma da mimoixila aTobiT ruka, dokumenti, kvleviTi masala da sxva analitikuri naSromi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamaval marSrutTan mimarTebiT da ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mravaljer Sexvda BP inJinrebsa da eqspertebs. sabWo da misi konsultantebi agreTve ewvien borjomis regions. sabWom didad daafasa ekologiis sakiTxebze momuSave rigi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mniSvnelovani da konstruqciuli wvlili, maT Soris, bunebis dacvis msoflio fondma (World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) warmoadgina saqarTveloSi ekologiis sakiTxebze dafuZnebuli naSromi da daxmareba aRmouCina kavkasiaSi pirveli erovnuli parkis daarsebaSi. 43 sabWom agreTve ganixila Sesabamisi BP, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, saqarTvelos bunebis dacvis saministros, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis da sxvadasxva samTavrobo uwyebis saxelze an maTgan gagzavnili mravali dokumenti. kaspiis regionidan navTobisa da gazis eqsportis Taobaze azrTa BP-is pirveladi analizi Seicavda sagzao, sarkinigzo, navTobsadenis da sazRvao transportirebis variantebs. transportirebis alternativis dadgenis mizniT sxvadasxva marSruti da mimarTuleba Sefasebas daeqvemdebara. kvlevebis Sedegad dadginda, rom baqo-jeihanis navTobsadenis varianti ekologiis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze nakleb riskiani iyo da, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania, Tavidan icilebda mniSvnelovan risks bosforis srutes gavliT navTobis tankerebiT transportirebisas. sabWos TvalsazrisiT, BP-is mier gakeTebuli alternativis analizi srulyofili iyo da amdenad, gadawyvetileba navTobsadenis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb kaspiis zRvidan naxSirwyalbadis eqsportis mizniT ekologiis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze perspeqtiuli da dasabuTebuli iyo. BP-is da misi partniorebis mier baqo-jeihanis marSrutis Taobaze SeTanxmebis miRwevis Tanave, maT mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba aTi kilometris manZilis mqone “interesTa derefnis” sami alternatiuli variantis gaTvaliswineba BTC da SCP navTobsadenebis43 mimarTebaSi. samive alternativa umokles droSi dawunebuli iyo. kerZod, dasavleTis koridori dawunebul iqna imis gamo, rom navTobsadens unda gaevlo borjomi-xaragaulis erovnuli parkisa da mesxeTis qedis urTules teritoriebze. rogorc es aRniSnulia BTC proeqtis ESIA-Si (bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba), “ruseTis federaciis samxedro obieqtebis arseboba axalqalaqis raionSi Page 53 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze usafrTxoebisaTvis seriozul dabrkolebas warmoadgens.”43 amas garda, axalqalaqis raionis mosaxleobis umravlesobas eTnikuri somxebi warmoadgenen.. Sesabamisad, centraluri da aRmosavleTis derefnebi usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT dawunebul iqna saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier, radgan es marSrutebi gadioda axalqalaqis administraciuli raionis teritoriaze. Sedegad, BP da misma partniorebma daadgines axali aTi kilometris manZilis mqone derefani, cnobili modificirebuli centraluri derefnis saxeliT. 44 ramodenime xnis Semdeg, saqarTvelos bunebis dacvis saministros moTxovnis Sesabamisad BP gaaanaliza da uaryo modificirebuli centraluri derefnis alternativa, romelic iTvaliswinebda marSrutis karakaias qedis Tavze an mis teritoriaze gavlas (karakaias marSruti). rigorc es aRniSnulia saqarTvelos marSrutTan dakavSirebul angariSSi, modificirebuli centraluri koridori kveTs saqarTvelos xalxisaTvis ramodenime ekologiurad, ekonomikurad da socialurad mniSvnelovan teritorias. kerZod, monakveTi cxrawyaros uReltexilidan kodianas uReltexilamde, rogorc es aRniSnulia saqarTvelos marSrutTan dakavSirebul angariSSi, aris “yvelaze mgrZnobiare teritoria navTobsadenis mTel monakveTze”. amis garda, borjomis raionis teritoria saqarTvelosaTvis warmoadgens kulturul memkvidreobas. modificirebuli centraluri derefani gadis proeqtis momsaxurebis zolis borjomulas mdinaris zedapirul wylebze, romelic sabolood Caedineba mdinare mtkvarSi, romlis maxloblad qalaqi borjomi mdebareobs. mniSvnelovani komerciuli da ekonomikuli saqmianoba Tavs iyris am regionSi, maT Soris popularuli saTxilamuro trasebi da boTlis wylis Camomsxmeli kompaniebi. amas garda, borjomis regions, rogorc turizmis centrs, gaaCnia didi ekonomikuri potenciali. sabWo ramodenimejer Sexvda saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompaniis (GGMW) pasuxismgebel pirebs, romelic aris borjomis regionis muSa xelis ZiriTadi damqiravebeli da saqarTvelos umsxvilesi eqsportiori. GGMW-s aRelvebs rogorc reputaciis dakargvis riski navTobsadenis arsebobis gamo, aseve kompaniis bedi navTobis daRvris SemTxvevaSi. borjomis regionis ekonomikaSi GGMW TamaSobs Zalzed mniSvnelovan rols. imis gamo, rom BP da GGMW molaparakebebs awarmoeben rigi komerciuli sakiTxebis garSemo, sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba Tavi Seikavos Semdgomi komentarebisagan. sabWom rekomendaciiT mimarTa BP da GGMW warmarTon keTilsindisieri molaparakebebi im mizniT, rom miaRwion urTierTSeTanxmebas rig sakamaTo sakiTxze. marSrutis SerCevis procesSi BP da sxva monawileebTan molaparakebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sabWo Tvlis, rom modificirebuli centraluri marSruti ekologiuri da ekonomikuri perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT ar iyo mizanSewonili varianti BPsTvis. aRmosavleTis marSruti, romelic gadis axalqalaqis administratiuli raionis teritoriaze, ara marto iZleoda SesaZleblobas moveridoT ekologiurad mgrZnobiare teritorias, borjomis CaTvliT, aramed ufro moklea da ar gadis maRalmTiani qedebis teritoriaze. 45 rogorc Cans prezident SevardnaZis 46 2003 wlis Tebervlis werilidan, 43 ix. BTC proeqti ESIA saqarTvelo, aprili 2002, gv. 11. 44 modificirebuli centraluri derefani gadis borjomo-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis da saxelmwifo bunebrivi nakrZalis da samxreTiT da axalqalaqis raionis CrdiloeTiT. 45 ix. mag., saqarTveloSi baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis da samxreT kavkasiis gazis milsadenis garemoze da socialur sferoze zegavlenis Sefasebis angariSis sarekomendacio mimoxilva, saerTaSoriso zegavlenis Sefasebis holandiis komisia, Page 54 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze nebismieri marSruti, romelic gadioda axalqalaqis raionis gavliT, usafrTxoebis mizezebidan gamomdinare miuRebelia saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis. sabWo aTviTcnobierebs im faqts, rom BP da misi partniorebi aRmoCndnen Zalze rTul situaciaSi, rodesac saqarTvelos mTavrobam gamoTqva uari gamoeqveynebina is garemoeba, rom man uari Tqva navTobsadenis axalqalaqis marSrutze usafrTxoebis mizeziT, ramac xeli SeuSala am variantis damtkicebas da am faqtis Sesaxeb informaciis gamoqveyneba daakisra BP da mis partniorebs. faqtiurad, saqarTvelos mTavrobas dasWirda cameti Tve, im droidan, rodesac SerCeuli iyo aTi kilometris manZilis mqone interesTa derefani im dromde, rodesac prezidentma SevardnaZem gaagzavna Tavisi werili, raTa sayovelTaod aRearebina usafrTxoebis mizezis arseboba.47 amasTan erTad, sabWo aTviTcnobierebs im faqtsac, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba, usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis Ria ganxilvebis dros, aRmoCnda rTul situaciaSi. axalqalaqis regionis usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli sagulisxmo sakiTxebis sajarod ganxilvis sensitiurobis gamo, sabWo miiCnevs, rom aTkilometriani derefnis variantebis ganxilva ar iyo iseTi yovlismomcveli, rogoric unda yofiliyo. sabWos azriT, iqmneboda STabeWdileba, rom BTC navTobsadenis derefnis marSruti igegmeboda upirvelesyovlisa geoteqnikuri, ekologiuri da socialuri kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maSin rodesac, faqtiurad, usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba ZiriTad faqtors warmoadgenda marSrutTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas. amitom, usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis BTC proeqtis ESIA-Si sajarod gacxadebis miuxedavad, derefnis SerCevis procesis gare Sefasebis dros, mravalma damkvirebelma, institutma da arasamTavrobo organizaciam derefnis Sefasebisas yuradReba gaamaxvila ekologiaze da socialur sferoze da, amdenad, scno analizi aradamajereblad. sabWos azriT, imis gamo, rom politikuri daZabulobis asocireba axalqalaqis marSrutTan ar iyo saTanadod miRebuli mxedvelobaSi, sazogadoebis ndobis done marSrutis SerCevis procesisdmi daeca. BP-s da mTavrobis ufro didi Zalisxmevis gamovlineba amgvari politikuri daZabulobis sajarod gacxadebis gziT, ganamtkicebda sazogadoebis ndobas SerCeuli marSrutis mimarT. sabWo aRniSnavs, rom BP-is Sida politika did mniSvnelobas aniWebs maqsimalur gamWvirvalobas. sabWo aTviTcnobierebs im faqts, rom navTobsadenis usafrTxoebis gaTvaliswineba warmoadgens mniSvnelovan faqtors, romelic saWiroebs seriozul awondawonas. sabWos agreTve miaCnia, rom maSin, rodesac politikuri daZabulobis faqtori ukve cnobili gaxda sazogadoebisaTvis, marSrutis SerCevisas marTebuli iqneboda variantebis gamovlenis mizniT gamarTuliyo ufro intensiuri debatebi. noemberi, 2002 (Advisory Review of the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Reports for the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Oil Pipeline and the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline in Georgia, Dutch Commission for International Impact Assessment, Nov. 2002.) 46 ix. saqarTvelos prezidentis eduard SevardnaZis werili msoflio bankis prezidentis jeims d. volfenzonis, evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis prezidentis Jan lemieris da saerTaSoriso safinanso korporaciis aRmasrulebeli vice prezidentis piter voikes saxelze (informaciis miReba SeiZleba veb-gverdze: www.caspiandevelopmentandexport.com BP-is dokumentis “angariSebi saqarTvelos marSrutis Sesaxeb” damateba 3, Tebervali., 2003. 47 Id. Page 55 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze sabWom gaanaliza BP-s da misi partniorebis mier Catarebuli samuSao, romlis mizani iyo Tanmimdevrulad gamoevlina upiratesoba aTkilometriani derefnis, 500 metriani marSrutis derefnis, 100 metriani dadgenili derefnis da saboloo samSeneblo derefnebs Soris. sabWos miaCnia, rom BP- da misma partniorebma Caatares gansakuTrebuli muSaoba, raTa miesadagebinaT da daexvewaT samSeneblo derefnis saboloo varianti, romelic Searbilebda ekologiaze potencialur zians. 48 sabWos miaCnia, rom BP-m daasabuTa saboloo samSeneblo derefnis mimarT miRebuli gadawyvetileba metad kvalificiurad. rogorc aRiniSna, BTC unda miemarTa saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministrosadmi, raTa mas ESIA-s damtkicebasTan paralelurad mimdinare saqmianobis ganxorcielebis farglebSi Seesrulebina karakaias marSrutis Sefaseba. karakaias marSruti, romelic iTvleboda modificirebuli centraluri matSrutis alternativad, iZleoda SesaZleblobas gverdi agvevlo axalqalaqis da borjomis regionebs. sabWos azriT, BP-m Tavis dokumentSi “angariSebi saqarTvelos marSrutis Sesaxeb” adekvaturad da damajereblad ganmarta, Tu ratom aris karakaias marSruti ufro ZviradRirebulia da ekologiis TvalsazrisiT problematiuri. magram, karakaias marSrutis sruli analizi da angariSi warmodgenili iyo imis mere, rodesac gadawyvetileba marSrutis Sesaxeb ukve miRebuli iyo da amdenad, umetes wilad, adasturebs gadawyvetilebis miRebas, vidre gvawvdis gadawyvetilebis miRebis wina periodSi alternativebis analizs, rac ufro sasuveli iqneboda. magram, sabWos TvalsazrisiT, BTC-s racionaluri gadawyvetileba karakaias marSrutis uaryofis Sesaxeb savsebiT logikuria. sabWom ganixila saqarTvelos bunebis dacvis saministros moTxovnilebebi ekologiuri nebarTvis gacemis Tanave. sxva moTxovnilebaTa Soris, bunebis dacvis saministro iTxovs damatebiTi samuSaoebis Catarebas da angariSgebis wardgenas mewyerebis saSiSroebis, biologiuri nairsaxeobis, mdinaris da Semkrebi rezervuaris kveTis, gruntis wylis sabadoebis dacvis, gaJonvis sawinaaRmdego mowyobilobebis, navTobis daRvris SemTxvevaSi reagirebis gegmis, menejmentis da monitoringis detaluri gegmis, marSrutTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi analizis Catarebis da sxva mravali damatebiTi kvlevis Sesaxeb. ekologiuri nebarTva agreTve iTvaliswinebs angariSebis xSir miwodebas da aseve xSir konsultaciebs BTC kompaniis da bunebis dacvis saministros Soris. sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s gamoaqveynos da gaacxados yvela damatebiTi samuSao, romelic Catarebuli iyo bunebis dacvis saministrosaTvis.. bolos, ivnisis Sua ricxvebSi sabWom moawyo farTo seleqtoruli TaTbiri nino CxobaZesTan, saqarTvelos bunebis dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis ministrTan (“bunebis dacvis saministro”). martis TveSi, sabWos vizitis dros, is ar imyofeboda saqarTveloSi. sxva sakiTxebis ganxilvasTan erTad, ministrma ganacxada, rom seleqtoruli TaTbiris Catarebis droisaTvis zogierTi moTxovnileba, romelic Tan erTvis BTC-is ESIAs, ar iyo Sesrulebuli da rom bunebis dacvis saministros saxelze mosuli sxvadasxva dokumenti iyo ara qarTul, aramed inglisur enaze. bunebis dacvis ministrma agreTve aRniSna, rom koordinireba da TanamSromloba BP-Tan da BTC-Tan sasurvelia ukeTesi yofiliyo, Tumca aRniSna is garemo, rom am bolo dros TanamSromloba gaumjobesda. 48 aTkilometriani interesTa derefnis saboloo samSeneblo derefnis donemde Seviwroebis procesis detaluri aRwera ixileT dokumentSi “angariSebi saqarTvelos marSrutis Sesaxeb”, gv. 39-84. Page 56 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze sabWo Tvlis, rom moqmedi konsultaciebi da TanamSromloba metad mniSvnelovani faqtoria proeqtis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis. sabWo Tvlis, rom upriani iqneboda, rom BP-s da mis partniorebs gaumjobesebinaT da gaefarToebinaT dialogi arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan da bunebis dacvis saministrisTan, kerZod ki, marSrutis SerCevis procesis adreul etapze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu BP-m jer kidev ar Seasrula es moTxovna, sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s da mis partniorebs dauyonebliv ganaxorcielon “aqtiuri saqmianobis” dasruleba, romelic Sesasrulebelia SeTanxmebuli ganrigis farglebSi, maT Soris moTxovnili angariSebis miwodeba qarTul enaze. viRebT ra mxedvelobaSi uTanxmoebebs, romlebic exeba saqarTveloSi ekologiis sakiTxebs, sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s gaaormagos Zalisxmeva, raTa gaaumjobesos urTierTobebi da TanamSromloba garemos dacvis saministrosTan. 2. Semarbilebeli zomebi marSrutis daxvewis paralelurad, BP-m da misma partniorebma SeimuSaves Semarbilebeli zomebi im mizniT, raTa Tavi aeridebinaT ekologiisaTvis potencialuri zianis miyeneba. borjomis regionSi, magaliTad, ekologiis TvalsazrisiT daucvel adgilebSi BP-m navTobsadenze daamontaJa damatebiTi Camketi sarqvelebi, raTa navTobis daRvris SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo Seemcirebina daRvrili navTobis potenciuri raodenoba. amgvari damatebiTi Camketi sarqvelebis adgilmdebareoba SerCeuli iyo ekologiurad metad daucveli teritoriebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amasTan erTad, 2003 wlis ivnisSi BP-m da misma partniorebma Camoayalibes jgufi, romlis movaleobaSi Sedioda Semarbilebeli zomebis SemuSaveba da rekomendaciebis Camoyalibeba maRali seismuri aqtivobis adgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. “mewyer saSiSi ubnebis” Seswavla saqarTvelos bunebis dacvis saministros mier BTC-is garemoze da socialuri zemoqmedbis Sefasebis garemosdacviTi nebarTvis gacemisTvis dawesebul moTxovnilebaTa Soris erT-erT pirobas warmoadgenda. 49 BP-is geoteqnikuri samuSaoebis eqspertebis mier SemuSavebul erT-erT variants warmoadgens potenciuri mewyeris myari saZirkvlis gaTxra da lodebs Soris milis damagreba, romelic mewyeris saZirkvelSi arsebul moZraobas Seuwyobs xels. amas garda, garemosdacvis TvalsazrisiT sensitiur ubnebSi, BP-im gazarda kedlis sisqe da milis diametri da milsadenis eqpluataciaSi Sesvlis momentidan ganaxorcielebs monitoringis yovlismomcvel programas. sabWo miiCnevs, rom BTC-is Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis gacnoba arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis, mecnierebisa da, rac mTavaria, borjomis regionSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobisTvis Zalzed mniSvnelovania garemosdacviTi sarisko sakiTxebis gamo. am regionSi milsadenis gayvanis gadawyvetilebam seriozuli debatebi warmoSva da aucilebeli aris koordinirebuli moqmedeba imisTvis, rom ganimartos garemoze negatiuri zegavlenis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebeiT dagegmili nabijebi. maSin, rodesac sabWo ar aRiarebs Tavis teqnikur kompetencias da endoba geosaSiSroebaTa eqspertebs, sabWos rekomendacias warmoadgens BP-isa da misi partniorebis mier 49 ix. samuSaoebis gagrZeleba BTC-is garemoze da socialuri zemoqmedbis Sefasebis garemosdacviTi nebarTvis, saqaTvelos garemosdacvis saministro (noemberi 2002), danarTi 1. Page 57 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze geoteqnikuri kvlevebis Sedegebis gamoqveyneba da farTod gacxadeba, iseve, rogorc mewyersaSiS ubnebSi BTC-is mier garemoze mavne zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebisa da Serbilebis RonisZiebebis farTo gaSuqeba. sabWos azriT, BP-im da misma partniorebma damatebiTi RonisZiebebi unda gaataron borjomis regionis Temis moTxovnaTa dasakmayofileblad. adgilobrivi dainteresebuli pirebis monawileoba monitoringis RonisZiebebSi warmoadgens BP-isa da misi partniorebis mier Temis moTxovnaTa drouli gaTvaliswinebis erT-erT saSualebas. aliaskaze Seiqmna regionaluri moqalaqeebis mrCevelTa sabWoebi, romelTa mizans warmoadgenda Tems, maregulirebel organoebsa da sanavTobo kompaniebs Soris dialogis warmarTva. aRniSnuli sabWoebi pirdapir warmoaCendnen sazogadoebis azrs sanavTobo kompaniebis mier garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT sensitiur ubnebSi gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb. aliaskis aseTi sabWoebis warmatebuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sabWos rekomendacias warmoadgens BP-is mier Temis monitoringis sabWos xelSewyoba da dafinanseba, raTa moxdes borjomis regionSi milsadenis potenciuri zegavlenis Sefaseba. saqarTvelos mosaxleobisTvis borjomis regionis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sabWos rekomendacia aris Temis monitoringis sabWos farTo warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba, rac moicavs borjomis regionis adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis da gamoCenili pirebis, saqarTvelos sxva regionebis gamoCenili pirebisa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis eqspertebis monawileobas. amgvari RonisZieba ara marto xelis Semwyobi iqneba navTobis arasasuveli daRvris SemTxvevaSi, aramed daamSvidebs Tems, da daarwmunebs imaSi, rom BP-s da mis partniorebs navTobsadenis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi gaaCniaT dazianebis swrafi da adeqvaturi aRmofxvris gegmebi. sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s CarTos adgilobrivi xelisufleba da mosaxleoba samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebis procesSi, uzrunvelyos borjomis adgilobrivi mosaxleoba saswavlo programiT da aRWurvilobiT navTobis daRvris SemTxvevaSi. g) eqspluataciis SeCereba/likvidacia warmoebis da navTobsadenis Senoba-nagebobebisa da mowyobilobebis saboloo likvidacia regionSi BP-s investiciebis grZelvadiani ekologiuri zegavlenis mniSvnelovani faqtori iqneba. sabWom didi yuradRebiT ganixila eqspluataciis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebuli procedurebi, romlebic ACG da Sah denizis,HBTC da SCP navTobsadenebis mimarT moqmedi sxvadasxva xelSekrulebiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli. 3. eqspluataciis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebuli sakontraqto struqtura kaspiis proeqtebTan dakavSirebuli TiToeuli xelSekruleba Seicavs eqspluataciis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebul instruqciebs. analizis gakeTebis mizniT, winamdebare Tavis mizania ganasxvaos sazRvao warmoebis saSualebebi (navTobis koSkurebi, wyalqveSa milsadenebi, terminali sangaCalSi) im saSualebebisagan, romelic miekuTneba saxmeleTo transportirebas (BTC da SCP navTobsadenebi). sabWo imedovnebs, rom eqneba SesaZlebloba ganixilos jeihanis terminalis mowyobilobebis eqspluataciis SeCerebis sakiTxi, maSin, rodesac is Tavis Semdgom angariSSi warmoadgens kaspiis proeqtebis zegavlenas TurqeTze. sazRvao Senoba-nagebobebis da mowyobilobis likvidaciis sakiTxi eqvemdebareba ACG da Sah denizis produqciis wilobrivi ganawilebis xelSekrulebebis Page 58 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze moTxovnebs (PSAs). es imas niSnavs, rom 2024 wels SOCAR-is sakuTrebaSi gadava warmoeba da sxva Senoba-nagebobebi da mowyobilobebi. 50 amasTanave, PSA avalebs investorebs dafaron eqspluataciis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. Ggadasaxadi Tanxebi unda Cairicxos salikvidacio fondis angariSze, romelic Camoyalibdeba arsebuli rezervebis 70% amoRebis Semdeg. 51 PSA-s Sesabamisad individualuri Senobanagebobebisa da mowyobilobebis eqspluataciis SeCereba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes SOCAR-is an sainvesticio kompaniebis mier, iqidan gamomdinare, Tu vis gankargulebaSia qoneba im droisaTvis. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, gadasaxadi unda daifaros Sesabamisi eqspluataciis SeCerebis fondidan. likvidaciis procesi ganxorcieldeba gegmis Tanaxmad, romelic unda SemuSavebuli iyos kompaniebis mier TiToeuli fondis Seqmnamde erTi wliT adre.52 PSAs-is moTxovnaa agreTve, rom ZiriTadi saSualebebis likvidacia unda xorcieldebodes saerTaSoriso sanavTobo industriaSi moqmedi prqatikis Sesabamisad. 53 . saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebebis likvidacia eqvemdebareba HGA xelSekrulebebis da BTC da SCP navTobsadenebTan dakavSirebuli sxva xelSekrulebebis moTxovnebs. am xelSekrulebebis Tanaxmad, navTobsadenebis qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, eqspluataciis SeCerebis pasuxismgeblobasTan erTad, gadava SOCAR-is xelSi navTobsadenebis eqspluataciaSi daaxloebiT 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi yofnis Semdeg. 54 im SemTxvevaSi, Tu raime mizezis gamo maspinZeli mTavrobis xelSekrulebebis (HGAs) moqmedeba SeCerebul iqna im periodSi, rodesac navTobsadenebi imyofebodnen sainvesticio kompaniebis sakuTrebaSi, maSin am kompaniebma unda warmoadginon eqspluataciis SeCerebis gegma da, Sesabamisad, gadaixadon eqspluataciis SeCerebis gadasaxadi Tanxa.55 4. sazRvao Senoba-nagebobebis da mowyobilobebis likvidacia sazRvao Senoba-nagebobebTan da mowyobilobebTan dakavSirebuli instruqciebi gakritikebulia im mizeziT, rom BP-m da misma partniorebma winaswar ar gaiTvaliswines eqspluataciis SeCerbasTan dakavSirebuli zomebis miReba, maT Soris, sanavTobo platformebis sruli demontaJi. magram, sabWos azriT, sazRvao danadgarebis mimarTebaSi gamoyenebuli mowinave saerTaSoriso praqtika ganicdis mudmiv evolucias. magaliTad, 1958 wlis kontinentaluri Selfis konvenciasTan55 SedarebiT, am 50 ix. ACG – sabados sruli eqspluatacia - faza 2 ESIA, § 3.1.4. 51 ACG PSA, muxli 14.2(a); Sah Denizis PSA muxli 14.2(a). 52 identifikacia: muxli 14.2(z). 53 identifikacia: muxli 14.2(e). 54 ix. BTC navTobsadenis ESIA - azerbaijani, § 5.11.3; BTC navTobsadenis ESIA saqarTvelo, § 5.11.3; SCP ESIA - azerbaijani, § 5.10.3; SCP ESIA - saqarTvelo, § 5.9.3. 55 SeadareT 1958 kontinentaluri Selfis konvencia, muxli. 5(5) (iTvaliswinebs mitovebuli danadgarebis srul likvidacias) 1982 wlis gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis konvenciis zRvis kanonTan, muxli 60(3) (iTvaliswinebs mxolod mitovebuli da sargeblobaSi ar arsebuli danadgarebis likvidacias navigaciis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis gaTvaliswinebiT, sxvisi interesebis, rogoricaa Tevzaoba da ekologiis sakiTxebi, gaTvaliswineba da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu likvidacia xorcieldeba sayovelTaod miRebuli saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad). Page 59 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze sferoSi 1982 wlis gaerTianebuli erebis konvenciis zRvis kanonma cvlilebebi Seitana sanapiro zolSi myofi saxelmwifoebebis valdebulebebSi. saerTaSoriso sazRvao organizaciis (International Maritime Organization (IMO) mier 1989 wels57 sazRvao danadgarebis demontaJis Sesaxeb samoqmedo principebis miRebam agreTve iqonia zegavlena imaze, Tu ra moiazreba mowinave praqtikaSi. ufro metic, sfecifiuri Senobanagebobebis da danadgarebis alternatiuli komerciuli momxmareba, risi gaTvaliswinebac am etapze SeuZlebelia, navTobisa da gazis resursebis sruli aRdgenis Semdeg SesaZloa warmoadgendes garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT yvelaze optimalur variants. amdenad, sabWom daaskvna, rom likvidaciis gegmebis SemuSaveba, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac navTobisa da gazis resursebi amowurvis zRvars uaxlovdeba, saTanado midgomad aris miCneuli eqspluataciis SeCerebisas. sabWos azriT, BP-m, Tu jer-jerobiT ara aqvs es ganxorcielebuli, unda CarTos likvidaciasTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebani sawyis samSeneblo alternativaSi.. amdenad, sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar akeTebs amas, gaiTvaliswinos 1989 wlis saerTaSoriso sazRvao organizaciis instruqciebis moTxovnebi, romlis Tanaxmad yoveli axali sazRvao nageboba daproeqtebuli da aSenebuli unda iyos iseTnairad, rom Tavidanve gaTvaliswinebuli iyos maTi sruli demontaJi mitovebis SemTxvevaSi58 da kidev, radgan saerTaSoriso mowinave praqtika sul ufro da ufro uWers mxars sazRvao nagebobebisa da danadgarebis demontaJs maTi mitovebis SemTxvevaSi, sajaro konsultaciebi SesaZleblobas miscemda BP-s CaerTos am procesSi adgilobrivi partniorebi, im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu ACG-s an Sah denizis proeqtebTan dakavSirebuli garkveuli garemoebani miuTiTebdnen eqspluataciis SeCerebis sxva variantisaken. sabWo aRniSnavs, rom PSAs aTavisuflebs sainvesticio kompaniebs pasuxismgeblobisgan im SemTxvevaSi, Tu salikvidacio fondi uZluri iqneba ganaxorcielos likvidacia (eqspluataciis SeCereba).60 monawileTa am procesSi CarTvas salikvidacio gegmis SemuSavebis dawyebamde da SemuSavebis procesSi, SesaZlebelia, xeli Seewyo imisaTvis, rom Tavidan agvecilebina is SeuTavsebloba, romelic arsebobs, erTis mxriv, eqspluataciis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebul moTxovnebsa da meores mxriv, am miznebisaTvis sainvesticio kompaniebis mier gamoyofil saxsrebs Soris. sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s uzrunvelyos eqspluataciis SeCerebasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis sajaro ganxilva salikvidacio gegmis SemuSavebis mimarT PSA-s mier dadgenil vadamde adre. rogorc aRiniSna, kaspiis zRvaSi mravali mitovebuli amwe mowyobiloba da sanavTobo koSkuraa. BP-s investiciebi kaspiis proeqtebSi Sefasdeba imiT, gamoyvanili iyo Tu ara eqspluataciidan mowyobiloba, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac is gaxda mesame mxaris sakuTreba. sabWo agreTve iZleva rekomendacias, rom im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac icvleba sazRvao qonebis mesakuTre, BP-m unda yvela Rone ixmaros, maT Soris kontraqtis meSveobiT daavalos SOCAR-s, raTa aiZulos saboloo mesakuTre ganaxorcielos Senoba-nagebobebisa da mowyobilobebis saTanado likvidacia. sabWo agreTve iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m unda yvela Rone ixmaros, raTa uzrunvelyos likvidaciis ganxorcieleba mowinave saerTaSoriso praqtikis gamoyenebiT maSinac ki, rodesac is unda ganxorcieldes mesame mxaris, iseTi, rogoricaa SOCAR, mier. Page 60 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze am mizniT, sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s da mis partniorebs gaaTviTcnobieron TavianTi valdebulebebi saproeqto Senoba-nagebobebisa da mowyobilobebis likvidaciis mimarT, gamoaqveynon saboloo danaxarjebis xarjTaRricxva da aCvenon, rom proeqtSi monawile partnirebi sakmaod did Tanxebs xarjaven Senoba-nagebobebis moxmarebis Sewyvetamde, raTa uzrunvelyon salikvidacio xarjebis dafarva. 5. saxmeleTo Senoba-nagebobebis da danadgarebis likvidacia sabWom yuradReba miaqcia zogierTi arasamTavrobo organizaciis SeSfoTebas imis gamo, rom BP-m ver moaxerxa BTC-s da SCP-s navTobsadenebis likvidaciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis gaTvla; mosalodneli aris, rom navTobsadenis milebis aTasobiT tona mitovebuli iqneba dasaJangavad. 56 rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, HGAs-s damateba 3-Si zogierTi specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT mocemulia im saqmianobis CamonaTvali, romelic, likvidaciis procesis farglebSi, Sesasrulebelia operatoris mier navTobsadenis SOCAR-s sakuTrebaSi gadacemamde. es saqmianoba iTvaliswinebs yvela zedapiruli mowyobilobis demontaJs, Senoba-nagebobebSi da mowyobilobebSi drenaJis mowyobas da navTobis da gazis saTanado likvidacias da navTobsadenis derefnis gamwvanebis aRdgenas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu operatori ar apirebs navTobsadenebis demontaJs da dasufTavebis samuSaoebis Catarebas, amis sanacvlod, xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, is valdebulia miatovos es navTobsadenebi saerTaSoriso navTobsadenis mrewvelobaSi sayovelTaod miRebuli standartebis Sesabamisad. Camarxuli navTobsadenebi rCeba likvidaciis adgilze im pirobiT, rom ganxorcieldeba maTi dasufTaveba, romelic uzrunvelyofs damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa gatanas da sxva RonisZiebebis Catarebas gruntis dawevis sawinaaRmdegod. marTlac, navTobsadenis miwisqveSa monakveTebis amoRebam SesaZloa ufro didi ziani miayenos garemos. sabWo rekomendaciiT mimarTavs BP-s didi yuradRebiT moekidos am sferoSi momqmed arsebul 57 da momaval saerTaSoriso standartebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu operatorebi iZulebulni iqnebian ganaxorcielon navTobsadenebis demontaJi. mosalodnelia, rom likvidacia dakisreba SOCAR-s, navTobsadenebis mis sakuTrebaSi gadaecemis Semdeg. iseve, rogorc sazRvao qonebasTan mimarTebaSi, BP-s garemosdacviTi aqtivoba garkveulwilad Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu rogor mouvlis asboloo mflobeli likvidirebul navTobsadenebs. amdenad, sabWos azriT, BP-m ar unda CaTvalos, rom sakuTrebaze uflebis gadacema warmoadgens misi interesis Sewyvetas BTC-s da SCP-s navTobsadenebis saboloo likvidaciisadmi. ufro metic, BP-m yoveli Rone unda ixmaros , maT Soris sakuTrebis formalurad gadacemis xelSekrulebis gziTac, raTa uzrunvelyos navTobsadenebis likvidacia mowinave saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. sabWom ganixila BP-s gegma sangaCalis terminalis likvidaciis Sesaxeb. Sah denizis ESIA-is rekomendaciiT, sangaCalis terminali sabolood unda daeqvemdebaros 56 ix. mag., WWF-s midgoma azerbaijani-saqarTvelo-TurqeTi navTobsadenis mimarT, 21 noemberi, 2002. 57 ix. mag., saxmeleTo Ziebis da saeqspluatacio WaburRilebis eqspluataciis SeCerebis (konservacia), koreqtirebis da rekamaciebis instruqciebi, sanavTobo industriis Ziebis da eqspluataciis saerTaSoriso forumi (1996). Page 61 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze demontaJs da miwa gamoyenebul unda iqnas ise, rogorc adre. 58 sabWo uSvebs, rom momavali alternatiuli moxmareba SesaZlebelia sxvagvari Sedegebis momtani aRmoCndes.. magram, isev da isev, terminalis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli BP-s gadawyvetilebebi, sabolood, xels unda uwyobdes misi demontaJis saqmes. 58 Sah denizis gazis eqsportis proeqti etapi 1 ESIA SemuSaveba Sah denizis gazis proeqti etapi 1 ESIA SemuSaveba, § 5.5.8. Page 62 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena Page 63 of 125 nawili V zemoqmedeba bunebriv garemoze Page 64 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena winamdebare nawilSi ganxilulia kaspiis proeqtebis zegavlena azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi mcxovreb xalxze da Temebze, vinaidan proeqtebi uSualo kavSirSi arian miwis Sesyidvis procesTan da kulturuli memkvidreobis marTvasTan. 59 sabWos miaCnia, rom BP-s investiciebis socialuri zegavlena atarebs, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve regionalur xasiaTs. adgilobriv doneze, navTobsadenis derefnis monakveTze kerZo pirebi da Temebi droebiT an samudamod dakargaven im miwiT sargeblobis uflebas, romelic gamiznulia navTobsadenis mSeneblobisaTvis. negatiuri gavlenis kompensaciis mizniT, BP-m da misma partniorebma BTC da SCP proeqtebSi mxridan SeimuSaves da danerges kerZo pirTaTvis da TemebisaTvis gankuTvnili sakompensacio strategia sakuTrebis dakargvis da maTi miwebiT sargeblobis asanazRaureblad. regionalur doneze, romelic detalurad aris aRwerili nawilSi VII, BP-s moRvaweoba azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi aniWebs BP-s SesaZleblobas gaxdes regionis ganviTarebis da zrdis procesSi monawile partniori navTobisa da gazis seqtorebis farglebs gareT. a) miwis Sesyidva, ekonomikuri gadanacvleba da kompensacia 1. miwis Sesyidvisa da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mimoxilva rogorc es axasiaTebs sazogadoebrivi infrastruqrurebis farTomaStabian proeqtebs, BTC-s navTobsadenis da SCP gazsadenis mSenebloba pirdapir zegavlenas axdens kerZo pirTa uflebebze da maT saarsebo wyaroebze. BTC-s navTobsadenis samSeneblo derefani, romelic moicavs daaxloebiT 44 metrs azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi da 32 metrs TurqeTSi da azerbaijanis, saqarTvelos da TurqeTis teritoriebis gavliT Seadgens 1,760 kilometrs, axdens zegavlenas 4,100 ojaxze azerbaijanSi da damatebiT, daaxloebiT 1,800 ojaxze saqarTveloSi. 60 BTC da SCP milsadenebis samwliani samSeneblo fazis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc miwis mflobelebi, iseve miwis momxmareblebi, maT Soris, kerZo sakuTrebis miwis nakveTebis moijareebi da isinic, visac gaaCnia komunaluri miwiT erToblivi sargeblobis ufleba, dakargaven am qonebaze uflebas samSeneblo derefnis farglebSi. 61 miwis yvela mesakuTris, moijarisa da miwis araoficialuri mesakuTris (isini, visac ar gaaCnia gamokveTili iuridiuli ufleba) vinaobis dadgena (gamovlineba) marSrutis manZilze, metad problematuri amocana iyo, erTis mxriv, imitom, rom arc azerbaijans da arc saqarTvelos ar gaaCnia sakuTrebis Sesaxeb zusti Canawerebi da, meores mxriv, imitom, rom bevri mesakuTre ar aris adgilze da SesaZloa imyofebodes sazRvargareT. 59 samuSao adgilebTan da dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganxilulia nawilSi VI . TemSi investivciebis ganTavsebisa da socialuri investirebis iniciativa ganixileba nawilSi VII. 60 ix. “gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegma” - saqarTvelo (“RAP-saqarTvelo”) (dekemberi, 2002); “gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegma” - azerbaijani (“RAP-azerbaijani”) (noemberi, 2002). es “gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmebi” SeiZleba ixiloT: http://www.caspiandevelopmentandexport.com/ASPIDD-BTC.asp. 61 RAP-saqarTvelo § 2; RAP-azerbaijani § 2. Page 65 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena imis miuxedavad, rom arc erTi ojaxi ar iqneba gadasaxlebuli BTC-s da SCP-s proeqtebis gamo, BP-m da misma partniorebma, msoflio bankis jgufis principebis Sesabamisad, SeimuSaves “gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegma” (RAP), raTa gadawyviton ekonomikuri gadaadgilebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. 62 instruqciebis Sesabamisad, BP-m da misma partniorebma SeimuSaves miwis kompensaciis RonisZiebebi, raTa gadauxadon mflobelebs miwis safasuri da aunazRauron fermerebs, mwyemsebs da miwis cxva momxmareblebs danakargebi. 63 ZiriTadad, samSeneblo fazaze, fermerebi da mwyemsebi kargaven miwaze fizikuri SeRwevis saSualebas da miwaTmoqmedebiTa da mwyemsobiT Semosavlis miRebis saSualebas. miwis mflobelebisadmi miwis safasuris gadaxdis garda, BP da misi partniorebi miwis mflobelebs uxdian ekonomikuri zaralis kompensacias, romlis Rirebuleba Seesabameba gaumjobesebebisa da miwis nakveTze Cveulebriv mosuli mosavlis Rirebulebas. moijareebi da miwis sxva mesakuTreebi (mflobelebisgan gansxvavebiT) miiReben sami wlis mosavlis dakargvis kompensacias, rac Seesabameba mSeneblobisa da aRdgenis sam-wlian cikls. BP da misi partniorebi irwmunebian, rom miwis nawilis umetesoba64, gamoyenebis garkveuli SezRudvebiT, daubrundeba mflobelebs mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg. BP da misma partniorebma miiRes zomebi imisTvis,rom gadaexadaT kompensacia qveynis farglebs gareT myofi mflobelebisTvis. procesis dawyebisas arasamTavrobo organizaciebi SiSobdnen, rom BP da misi partniorebi ar gaakeTebdnen yovelive SesaZlos imisTvis, rom daedginaT miwis im mflobelebis adgilmdebareoba, romlebic ar cxovrobdnen zegavlenis sferoSi myof TemebSi. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani garemoeba gaxldaT saqarTvelosTvis, radgan miwis mflobelTa didi nawili cxovrobs sazRvargareT. TumcaRa, gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmevis Sedegad, miwis 62 BP-m da misma partniorebma daasrules muSaoba ACG-s da Sah denizis proeqtebis RAPS-ze. 63 miwis Sesyidvis samarTlebrivi struqtura gansxvavebulia azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. ix. HGA-azerbaijani §§ 4.1, 7.2; HGA-saqarTvelo §§ 4.1, 7.2 (maspinZeli mTavrobis xelSekrulebis (HGA) miwis SesyidvasTan dakavSirebuli debulebebi ) azerbaijanSi, saxelmwifo ijariT iRebs miwas kerZo mesakuTreebisagan da miwiT sargeblobis uflebas gadascems BP-s da mis partniorebs sami wlis samSeneblo vadiT. ix. RAP-azerbaijani § 5.4.2. saxelmwifo Seisyidis miwas, romelic gankuTvnilia saxmeleTo danadgarebisaTvis da mudmivi misadgomi gzebisaTvis BP-Tvis miwiT sargeblobis uflebis gadascemiT HGA-s moqmedebis SeCerebamde da Senoba-nagebobebisa da danadgarebis likvidaciamde. Id. saqarTveloSi ki, BP da misi partniorebi iZenen miwas uSualod miwis mesakuTreebisagan vidre ijariT iReben miwas saxelmwifosagan an miwis mesakuTreebisagan. BP-s da misi partniorebis azriT, amgvari midgomis damtkiceba ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom saqarTvelos kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs ijaris uflebas, rac miscemda BTC-s da SCP-s samarTlebriv dasturs, romelic saWiroa navTobsadenis mSeneblobis da marTvisaTvis.. RAP-saqarTvelo § 3.4. 64 gamonakliss warmoadgens is miwa, romelic gankuTvnilia saxmeleTo danadgarebisaTvis da mudmivi misadgomi gzebisaTvis. Page 66 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena mflobelTa adgilmdebaeroba dadginda da maT miiRes kompensacia. im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac BP da misma partniorebma ver moaxerxes miwis mflobelebTan dakavSireba, maT miwa kanonieri gziT Seisyides, maT gamoiyenes “aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis sakuTrebis CamorTmevis” kanoni. BP Tanaxmaa gadauxados kompensacia im pirebs, visTan dakavSirebac am etapze ver moxerxda, Tu isini momavalSi daukavSirdebian kompanias, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu sakuTreba SeZenili iqna “aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis sakuTrebis CamorTmevis” kanonTan miaxloebuli proceduris Sesabamisad. miwis kompensacia warmoadgens milsadenis derefnis gaswvriv mcxovrebi mosaxleobis yvelaze mniSvnelovan da xelSesaxeb SeRavaTs BTC da SCP proeqtebisgan. yvela gaTvlis mixedviT, BP da misi partniorebi Zalzed swrafad axorcieleben miwis Sesyidvis garigebebis dadebas da SesaZloa, rom milsadenis derefnis gaswvriv miwebze ufelba miiRon winamdebare Sualeduri angariSis gamoqveynebamde.65 miwis Sesyidvisa da kompensaciebis gacemis procesSi BP da misi partniorebi seriozul winaaRmdegobebs waawydnen. upirveles yovlisa, sabazro istorilu monacemebis gareSe, BP da mis partniorebs unda daedginaT kompensaciis samarTliani done. meore, miwis zogierT mflobels ar gaaCnda miwis mesakuTreobis damadasturebeli dokumentacia da zogierTi momxmarebeli warmoadgenda “formalur” momxmarebels garkveuli iuridiuli uflebis gareSe. mesame, BP da misi partniorebi unda darwmunebuliyvnen imaSi, rom pirebi, romlebic advilad daTanxmdnen miwis gayidvis xelSekrulebis gaformebaze, srulad aRiarebdnen xelSekrulebis pirobebsa da moTxovnebs. meoTxe, sazogadoebrivi , komunaluri saZovrebis momxmareblebi, gasakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi, kompensaciis gacemisas samarTlian mopyrobas saWiroebdnen. mexuTe, miwis dabrunebis procesi saqarTveloSi gaurkveveli rCeba, sadac ar arsebobs procesis Semamsubuqebeli kanonebi. meeqvse, BP da misi partniorebi daculebi unda iyvnen gadamyidvelebisgan, romlebic Seisyidian miwas gulubryvilo pirebisgan da moiTxoven kompensacias. da bolos, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan da sxva dainteresebul pirebTan konsultciebis Semdeg, sabWom ramdenime wyarodan miiRo informacia imis Taobaze, rom miwis SesyidvasTan dakavSirebuli gamoZalva da datacebis faqtebi zogerT qveyanaSi problemad iqca, gansakuTrebiT, saqarTvelos garkveul kuTxeebSi. 65 sabWom ganixila RAPs, ESAPs, HGAs da sxva dokumentacia, romelic exeba miwis Sesyidvas da kompesaciis sakiTxebs azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. amis garda, sabWom Caatara konsultaciebi mTavrobis pasuxismgebel pirebTan, miwis Sesyidvis jgufis wevrebTan da ramodenime arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, maT Soris imaTTan, vinc uSualod iRebs monawileobas miwis Sesyidvis procesSi. Page 67 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena 2. miwis kompensaciis procesi sabWos azriT, BP da misi partniorebi miwis Sesyidvas guldasmiT da miukerZoeblad axorcieleben, gansakuTrebiT ki, azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi mflobelobis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gaTvaliswinebiT. miwis mflobelebma miiRes samarTliani kompensaciebi da zogierT SemTxvevaSi, BP monawileobam xeli Seuwyo mesakuTreobis uflebebis garkvevas. BP da misi partniorebi SecdomaSi Seiyvana SeRavaTebis farTo speqtrma da kompensaciebis gadaxdam formaluri momxmareblebisTvis, sakuTrebaze gansazRvruli uflebebis gareSe. saxelmwifos uwyebebTan TanamSromlobis Sedegad, BP da misi partniorebi darwmundnen imaSi, rom milsadenis derefnis gaswvriv mdebare miwis yvela monakveTi marTebulad iyo daregistrirebuli saxelmwifos mier. aRniSnulma RonisZiebebma naTeli mofina miwaze mesakuTreobis uflebas, xeli Seuwo miwis privatizacias da azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi ufro mtkice kerZo mesauTreobis rejimis Camoyalibebas. gamoZalvis riskis faqtoris arsebobis gaTvaliswinebiT, milsadenis mSeneblobiT arapirdapir dazaralebuli miwis yvela mflobelisadmi kompensaciis gacemis politika iTvaliswinebs milsadenis gaswvriv konfliqtisa da socialuri areulobis Tavidanacilebas. a) miwis garigebebi miwis Sesyidvisa da kompensaciebis Sesaxeb Temis Sexvedrebis da sazogadoebisatvis xelmisawvdomi saxelmZRvaneloebis saSualebiT BP da misi partniorebi Caebnen farTo sajaro sainformacio kampaniaSi, romlis mizans warmoadgens TemisTvis informaciis miwodeba milsadenis mSeneblobisa da dakavSirebuli miwis Sesyidvis procesis Sesaxeb. saboloo jamSi, BP da misi partniorebi Caebnen warmatebul sajaro konsultaciebSi da umetes SemtxvevebSi, miwis mflobelebma, ganacxades Segnebuli Tanxmoba miwis gayidvaze. rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve azerbaijanSi, BP da misma partniorebma seriozuli Zalisxmeva gaiRes imisTvis, rom miwis mflobelTa uflebebis sferoSi momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebi – iuridiuli da ekonomikuri ganaTlebis (CLEE) centri azerabaijanSi da miwis mflobelTa uflebebis dacvis asociacia (APLR) saqarTveloSi - CaebaT molaparakebebis procesSi. sabWo mouwodebs BP da mis partniorebs Caaban arasamTavrobo organizaciebi procesSi da swams, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebis molaparakebis procesSi monawileoba miwis kerZo mesakuTreebisTvis sasargebloa. miwis garigebebi axla ukve swrafad sruldeba. maSin, rodesac drois faqtori Zalzed mniSvnelovani aris mSeneblobis procesisTvis, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, am siCqarem gaugebroba gamoiwvia. zogierTi arasamTavrobo organizacia miuTiTebs, rom gaigebis dadebamde kerZo pirebs da arasamtavrobo organizaciebs, romlebic maT rekomendaciebs uweven, sakmarisi dro ar rCebaT mniSvnelovani dokumentaciis gasacnobaT.es problema azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi aris aqtualuri. sabWos rekomendacias warmoadgens BP-is mier am saCivrebis ganxilva da CLEE da APLR TanamSromloba im mizniT, rom miwis Sesyidvis procesis bolo etapze SesaZlebeli gaxdxdes am arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis sakmarisi droisa da resursebis uzrunvelyofa dokumentaciis gasacnobad da maT mier marTebuli rekomendaciebis gasacemad. BP da misma partniorebma aseve unda Caataron Sexvedrebi kompensaciis procesis ganmartebis mizniT im pirebisTvis, visac ar SeuZlia xelSekrulebis wakiTxva; es Zalzed mniSvnelovani aris azerbaijanisTvis, sadac mosaxleoba mxolod kirilicas icnobs. Page 68 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena BP da misi partniorebi TanamSromloben adgilobriv bankebTan da daarwmunes kompensaciis mimRebi pirebi Seinaxon miRebuli Tanxebi sabanko angariSebze. azerbaijanSi, miwis gayidvis kompensaciis saxiT miRebuli saxsrebi depositis saxiT inaxeba bankebSi; kerZo pirs eZleva SesaZlebloba Seinaxos saxsrebi bankSi an daxuros angariSi da gaitanos naRdi fuli. saqarTevloSi miwis gayidvis garigeba sruldeba bankSi da kerZo pirs, survilisamebr, SeuZlia angariSis gaxsna. am arCevanis uzrunvelyofisa da kerZi pirebisTvis sabanko angariSebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofisTvis BP Seqebas imsaxurebs. BP da misma partniorebma Seqmnes kompensaciis Tanxis miRebis neitraluri, usafrTxo garemo. TumcaRa, sabWo acnobierebs im garemoebas, rom kerZo pirebis meoTxedze naklebs surs saxrsrebis bankSi ganTavseba. sabWos urCevs BP-s saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebTan erTad gaataros zomebi raTa azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi xeli Seuwyos reformebis gatarebas da bankebisadmi ndobis zrdas.. sabWom moismina ramednime arasamTavrobo organizaciis moxseneba da sxva wyarebis mier mopovebuli informacia imis Taobaze, rom kerZo pirebi, romlebmac miiRes kompensacia, SesaZloa gaxdnen qurdobisa da gamoZalvis msxverplni, gansakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi. gamoZalvas, rogorc wesi, adgili aqvs BP mier miwis Sesyidvis procesis formalurad dasrulebis Semdeg. miwis kompensaciis procesis gamWvirvaloba, rodesac es saWiro aris, aseve zrdis im xalxis raodenobas, vinc flobs informacias kompensaciis mimRebTa vinaobis Sesaxeb. sabWos rekomendaciiT, BP unda iTanamSromlos garkveul arasamtavrobo organizaciebTan da, SeZlebisdagvarad, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebtan imisTvis, rom kompensaciis mimReb pirTaTvis SeimuSaos adeqvaturi usafrTxoebis zomebi. b) gadasaWreli iuridiuli sakiTxebi saqarTvelos teritoriaze milsadenis gaswvriv mdebare zogierT TemSi, kerZo pirebs aqvT saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwebis saZovrebad gamoyenebis ufleba. am komunalur miwebs soflis sabWo – sakrebulo ganagebs. rogorc wesi, Temis wevrebi sakrebulos saZovrebis moxmarebis safasurs uxdian. BP gadawyvita am komunaluri saZovrebis momxmareblebisTvis kompensaciebis gacema sakrebulosadmi safasuris pirdapir gadaxdis saxiT. aRniSnulma damokideblebam garkveuli gaugebroba gamoiwvia radgan sxva SemTxvevaSi, kerZo pirebi iReben kompensacias maSinac, rodesac isini ar sargebloben miwiT. aRniSnuli gaugebrobis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda miwebis Sesyidvis procesis dasawyisSi sazogadoebrivi miwebis momxmareblebTan da mTavrobasTan ufro efeqturi konsultaciebis gziT. BP–m da misma partniorebma cota xnis win Camoayalibes gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis fondi, romelic ganaxorcielebs BP-s gegmas, rom Temis saZovrebisTvis kompensacia soflis sabWoebs gadauxados. 66 soflis sabWo gadawyvets, rogor iqneba gamoyenebuli es fondebi. 67 zogierTi arasamTavrobo organizacia gvTavazobs, rom BP-m Tanxa saTemo organizacias gadauxados, romelic fondebis 66 BTC-s proeqtis gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis (RAP) ganxorcielebis strategia saqarTveloSi RAP-is fondis ganviTarebisTvis (2003 wlis ivnisi). 67 Id. Page 69 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena samarTavad Camoyalibda, da ara adgilobriv moxeleebs. komisia gvTavazobs, rom BP-m Temis miwebisTvis kompensacia ise gadaixados, rom soflis mosaxleobam, romelic saZovrebis uflebas kargavs, sargebeli uSualod kompensaciis fondidan miiRos. BP-s miwis Sesyidvis da kompensaciis saxlemZRvanelo miTiTebebis Sesabamisad, romelic farTod gavrcelebulia zemoqmedebis qveS myof mosaxleobaSi, BP apirebs mSeneblobis damTavrebis Semdeg daabrunos Sesyiduli miwa, im pirobiT, rom ganxorcielebuli iqneba garkveuli SezRudvebi. azerbaijanSi es ijaris saSualebiT ganxorcielda. saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs msgavsi iuridiuli struqtura, raomelic saSualebas miscems BP-s da mis partniorebs kerZo miwis mflobelebs miaqiravon da daubrunon miwa gamoyenebis garkveuli SezRudvebis pirobiT. 68 aqedan gamomdinare, BP-m sabolood yvela meurneoba Seisyida milsadenis derefnis gaswvriv saqarTveloSi. BP-m mkafiod da gasarkvevad ganacxada, rom mas ar surs gaxdes miwis grZelvadiani mepatrone saqarTveloSi. miuxedavad amisa, gaugebaria, rogor apirebs BP mSeneblobis damTavrebis Semdeg sakuTrebis dabrunebas, Tavdapirveli mepatroneebisTvis miwis iuridiuli sargeblobis SezRudvebis SesaZlebobis gareSe. komisiis azriT, ukeTesi inqeboda, Tu BP-s da saqarTvelos mTavrobas es iuridiuli sakiTxebi miwis Sesyidvis SeTanxmebebis dasrulebamde gadaewyvitaT. axla, rodesac saqarTveloSi miwis Sesyidva dawyebulia, miwis mepatroneebi, cxadia, iTxoven garantias, rom maT miwa mSeneblobis dasrulebisTanave daubrundeT. am etapze, komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m iTanamSromlos saqarTvelos xelisuflebasTan, raTa Camoayalibos mSeneblobis Semdgom miwis dabrunebis procedurebi rac SeiZleba swrafad. komisia agreTve gvTavazobs, rom BP-m gamoaqveynos Tavis valdebuleba, daabrunos miwa mSeneblobis dasrulebisTanave, im pirobiT, rom BP SeinarCuunebs sargeblobis uflebebs, mas Semdeg, rac mflobelobis uflebas daubrunebs pirvandel mepatrones. BP-m es gancxadeba werilobiT unda warudginos yvela miwis mflobels adgilobriv enebze miwis Sesyidvis SeTanaxmebasa da sxva dokumentaciasTan erTad. g) monitoringi da saCivrebis procedurebi gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis Tanaxmad, BP da misi partniorebi mniSvnelovan valdebulebebs iReben milsadenis mSeneblobis negatiuri zemoqmedebis Sesarbileblad. monitoringis meqanizmi gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebis yvela etapze unda moqmedebdes imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom BP-m da misma partniorebma Seasrulon nakisri valdebulebebi. gansakuTrebiT imitom, rom bevri valdebuleba ganxorcieldeba ara BP-s mier, aramed samSeneblo kontraqtoris mier. gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb angariSi unda Cabardes kerZo pirebs, zemoqmedebis qveS myofi Temebidan, da Temis liderebs, radgan milsadenis mSenebloba uSualod zemoqmedebs maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaze. Tumca, gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmaSi dasaxuli procedurebis monitoringiT dRemde ar aris uzrunvelyofili milsadenis derefnis gaswvriv mcxovrebi kerZo pirebisgan, adgilobrivi liderebisgan an samoqalaqo sazogadoebisgan ukukavSiri BP_sTan gansaxlebis samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT. komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m Camoayalibos oficialuri meqanizmebi, romlebic uSaualod CarTavs samoqalaqo sazogadoebas, kerZo pirebs da adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebs 68 RAP-saqarTvelo § 3.4. Page 70 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena monitoringis procesSi. am monitoringis jgufma unda ganaxorcielos BP-s amJamindeli TemTan urTierTobis iniciativebi da uzrunvelyos ufro struqturirebuli forumi adgilobrivi monitoringis saqmianobisTvis. damatebiTi monitoringis jgufis Seqmna, RAP–is monitoringis ganxorcielebis gegmis Tanaxmad, efeqturi da yovlismomcveli monitoringis procesis ZiiTadi nawilia. RAP-is monitoringis ganxorcielebis gegmis mixedviT dainiSneba samidan ori gareSe meTvalyure, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulni arian RAP-Si da Camoyalibebuli iqneba konkretuli procedurebi gareSe monitoringisTvis. komisia informirebulia, rom gareSe monitoringis jgufi ar daiwyebs muSaobas zafxulis bolomde an Semodgomis dasawyisamde, mas Semdeg, rac miwis Sesyidva dasruldeba. komisiis azriT, BP-m gareSe monitoringis programa miwis Sesyidvis procesis dasrulebamde unda Camoayalibos. komisiis rekomendaciiT, BP-m rac SeiZleba swrafad unda Seqmnas gareSe monitoringis jgufi RAP-is procedurebis Tanaaxmad. didi masStabis mSeneblobis proeqtebis dros gardauvlad Cndeba sxvadasxva sakamaTo sakiTxebi, maT Soris, Senobebis, infrastruqturisa da saqonlis SemTxveviT dazianeba. komisiis azriT, adgilobriv mosaxleobas unda hqondes mSeneblobis kontraqtorTan da BP-sTan Tavisufali komunikaciis saSualeba, raTa swrafad da megobrulad moagvaros uTanxmoeba. saCivrebis ganxilvis efeqturma procedurebma xeli unda Seuwyos BP-s da kontraqtorebs mSeneblobis derefnis gaswvriv adgilobriv problemebze reagirebaSi da TemTan urTierTobebis gaumjobesebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom miwis Sesyidvis procesis sajaro ganxilvis etapze BP-m warmoadgina saCivrebis ganxilvis procesi, unda daiwyos axali da ufro intensiuri muSaoba, raTa kerZo pirebma gaiazron saCivrebis provedurac da TemTan urTierTobis procesis arsebobac, romelsac uZRveba mSeneblobis kontraqtori. es aqtivoba Seesabameba BP-s miwis Sesyidvis saxelmZRvanelo principebs saqarTveloSi, romelSic naTqvamia, rom “saCivrebis procedura dawvrilebiT aRwerili da gamoqveynebuli iqneba yovel sofelSi maTTvis, vizec zemoqmedebas axdens proeqti, maSinve, rogorc ki SeTavazebis dokumentebi iqneba darigebuli. “69 miuxedavad imisa rom TemTan urTierToba uSualod mSeneblobis kontraqtoris pasuxismgeblobaSi Sedis, komisia iZleva rekomnedacias, rom BP-c iyos CarTuli am procesSi da regularulad daamyaros kavSirebi TemTan, raTa uzrunvelyos, rom yvela sakamaTo sakiTxi gadawydes droulad, samarTlianad da damakmayofileblad. komisia agreTve iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m da misma partniorebma gamoacxadon TemTan urTierTobis jgufis arseboba da farTod gaavrcelon maTi sakontaqto informacia, raTa jgufTan advili iyos dakavSireba. b.) kulturuli memkvidreobis menejmenti 1. kulturuli memkvidreobis menejmentis dagegmva proeqtis bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba Seicavs kulturuli memkvidreobis menejmentis gegmebs (CHM gegmebs) azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelosTvis. es gegmebi iTvaliswinebs milsadenis derefnis sawyis gamokvlevebs 69 BTC-sa da samxreT kavkasiis milsadenis miwis Sesyidvis da kompensaciis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi saqarTveloSi (veb-gverdi http://www.caspiandevelopmentandexport.com/Downloads/BTC/Eng/glac2/glac2.pdf). Page 71 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena potenciuri arqeologiuri da kulturuli memkvidreobis adgilebis dasadgenad. rogorc ki adgili dadgindeba, Catardeba Sefaseba imis gansasazRvrad, aucilebelia Tu ara Semarbilebeli zomebis miReba. Semarbilebeli zomebi SeiZleba moicavdes marSrutis Secvlas an mSeneblobis dawyebamde adgilis gaTxras. saqarTveloSi kulturuli memkvidreobis menejmentis gegmis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba Catarda arqeologiuri kvlevis centrTan, saqarTvelos kulturis Zeglebis maregulirebel organosTan, TanamSromlobiT. azerbaijanSi msgavsi samuSao Catarda azerbaijanis mecnierebaTa akademiis arqeologiis da eTnografiis institutTan konsultaciiT. azerbaijanSic da saqarTveloSic milsadenis derefnis sawyiso Sefasebis dros aRmoCnda rigi arqeologiuri adgilebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom marSruti Seicvala da gadatanilia am adgilebidan, mSeneblobis dawyebamde saWiro iqneba azerbaijanis da saqarTvelos dadgenili adgilebis arqeologiuri gamokvleva. 70 saqarTvelos CHM jgufis mier muSavdeba milsadenis marSrutis gayolebaze arqeologiuri aRmoCenebis marTvisa da Sefasebis mkafio gegma msoflio bankis jgufis standartebis Sesabamisad. amis sapirispirod, azerbaijanis CHM jgufs ar gaaCnia msgavsi specificiuroba da, amdenad, arsebobs riski, rom SesaZloa warmoiqmnes konfliqti mSeneblobis procesSi moulodneli aRmoCenebis Sefasebis kriteriumebsa da Serbilebis zomebTan dakabSirebiT. azerbaijanis bolo aRmoCenebis protokoli, romelic momzadebulia 2003 wlis aprilSi, aSuqebs CHM pirvandeli gegmis garkveul mniSvnelovan aspeqtqbs. miuxedavad amisa, eqspertTa jgufi iZleva rekomendaciebs, rom BP-m gadaxedos CHM procedurebs azerbaijanSi raTa moulodneli aRmoCenebis SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyos dagegmvisa da Semsubuqebis zomebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro dro. Saeqsperto jgufi BP-s mimarT iZleva agreTve rekomendaciebs,rom arqeologebs, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian mSeneblobis yoveldRiur monitoringze, regularuli kavSiri HhqondeT an mTavrobis saTanado warmomadgenlebTan an daniSnul sakonsultacio organosTan. 1. gobustanis nakrZali rigma arasamTavrobo organizaciebma (NGO) da sxva dainteresebulma damkvirveblebma gamoTqves SeSfoTeba BTC da SCP (baqo-Tbilisi- jeihani da samxreT kavkasiis ) milsadenebis gobustanis kulturul nakrZalze da dasaxelebul gobustanis caxelmwifo nacionalur parkze potenciuri zemoqmqdebis Sesaxeb azerbaijanSi. saeqsperto jgufis konsultantebi ewvivnen gobustanis regions, gaecvnen regionis teqnikur 70 bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis (ESIA) mimoxilva, 87, 89 (ganaxlebulia am sferoSi bolodroindeli informaciiT). Page 72 of 125 nawili VI socialur garemoze zegavlena da sakvlev ruqebs da ganixiles mocemuli sakiTxi BP-s inJinrebTan. jgufma wamoWra agreTve sakiTxi kulturis saministrosTan, saagentosTan, romelic nakrZalis marTvis pasuxismgebelia, iseve rogorc sxva adgilobriv oficialur pirebTan. Jgufma gamocTqva kmayofileba imis Taobaze, rom BP-s gadadgmuli aqvs nabijebi raTa Semcirdes nebismieri potenciuri zemoqmedeba nakrZalze. jgufi mxars uWers BP-s valdebulebas CarTos arqeologebi adgilze mSeneblobis dros rCevis misaRebad im SemTxvevaSi Tu arqeologiuri sakiTxi iqneba gadasaWreli. fizikurad, navTobsadenis gobustanis nakrZalis arqeologiur nimuSebze negatiuri zemoqmedebis albaToba Zalzed umniSvneloa. naklebad SesaZlebel SemTxvevaSi, rodesac navTobsadenis mSeneblobis dros aRmoCenilia arqeologiuri nivTebi, adgilze unda iqnes miRebuli zomebi aRmoCenebis mniSvnelobis Sesafaseblad da, es aRmoCenebi an unda amoiTxaros da daculi iqnes, an saTanadod Seicvalos navTobsadenis marSruti aRmoCenebis gverdis avliT. milsadenebis arsebobaze ufro met saSiSroebas petroglifebisaTvis warmoadgens jingir dagisken gasvlis ufro meti SesaZlebloba milsadenis servitudis gamoyenebiT. navTobsadenis mSeneblobamde am adgilze misasvleli ar kontrolirdeboda, magram iyo rTuli misi gaumarTaobis gamo. xalxisTvis am adgilebze misvla navTobsadenis servitudze gavliT da sainspeqcio gziT mniSvnelovnad advili iqneboda. am mxaris swori kontrolirebisa da marTvis SemTxvevaSi misasvlelis arseboba SeiZleboda pozitiuri mniSvnelobis yofiliyo, radgan ufro met xalxs eqneboda azerbaijanis kulturuli memkvidreobis xilvis SesaZlebloba. Page 73 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi Page 74 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi am nawilSi warmodgenilia saeqcperto jgufis mosazreba, sadac proeqtebi ganxilulia, rogorc SesaZlebloba Seiqmnas sainvesticio modeli mopovebiTi mrewvelobis dargSi, romelic datovebs xangrZliv pozitiur memkvidreobas mimReb qveynebSi. es gansakuTrebeli amocana BP-sa da misi partniorebisgan moiTxovs, regionis navTobisa da gazis resursebis ganviTarebis potenciuri negatiuri zemoqmedebis Serbilebis garda xeli Seuwyon iseT ganviTarebas, romelic sagrZnob farTomasStabian sargeblobas moutans mimRebi qveynis mosaxleobas. kaspiis proeqtebi unikalur SesaZleblobas iZleva Tavidan iqnas acilebuli problemebi, romlebic Tan axlavs mopovebiT mrewvelobas sxva mraval proeqtSi. am nawilSi jgufis mier SemoTavazebulia rigi saSualebebi, rac saSualebas miscems BP-s da mis partniorebs gamoiyenon es istoriuli SesaZlebloba. jgufi acnobierebs, rom BP-s da mis partniorebs ar SeuZliaT TviTon gadaWran azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos mdgradi konomikuri ganviTarebis sakiTxebi. warmatebuli mdgradi ganviTareba moiTxovs, rogorc minimum, kerZo seqtorTa investorebis, rogoric aris BP, saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebis, rogoric aris msoflio banki da EBRD, saxelmwifo da kerZo donorebis, am regionSi strategiuli da/an istoriuli interesebis mqone saxelmwifoebis, adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso NGO-ebis da, rac metad mniSvnelovania, monawile qveynebis xalxisa da mTavrobebis gaerTianebul Zalisxmevas. aseTi TanamSromlobis fonzec ki rTulia myari ekonomikuri ganviTarebis miRweva. amave dros, gaerTianebuli Zalisxmevis gareSe warmatebis miRweva Zneli iqneba. mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTareba yvela am monawileTa interesebSia. magaliTad, aSS-s mTavrobam aTi weli da udidesi diplomatiuri Zalisxmeva moandoma am navTobsadenebis ganviTarebas; axla roca isini Sendeba, misi da yvela sxva dainteresebul monawileTa movaleobaa daexmaron regions srulad da farTod gamoiyenos ganviTarebis es SesaZlebloba. a. BP-s arsebuli sainvesticio programebi BP-m da misma partniorebma ZiriTadi komerciuli proeqtebis miRma ukve gadadges mniSvnelovani nabijebi kaspiis regionSi Tavisi investiciebis gafarToebisken. BP-m da misma partniorebma aiRes sami tipis damatebiT investiciebis ganxorcielebis valdebuleba: CIP (sazogadoebrivi investirebis programa), EIP (garemos dacvis Page 75 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi sainvesticio programa) da SIP (socialuri sainvesticio programa). es sainvesticio RonisZiebebi exmianeba saeqsperto jgufis rekomendaciebis konteqsts, romlebic dakavSirebulia myar ekonomikur ganviTarebasTan. 1. sazogadoebaTa investiciebi CIP-i gamomdinareobs BP-sa da misi partniorebis mier imis aRiarebisgan, rom navTobsadenis mSenebloba gamoiwvevs mokle periodis uaryofiT da/an damazianebel Sedegebs mraval dasaxlebebSi milsadenis marSrutis gayolebaze, maT Soris adgilobrivi infrastruqturis dazianebas, satransporto moZraobis gazrdas, xmaurs da regionSi droebiT momuSaveTa Semodenas. investicias sazogadoebrivproeqtebSi SeuZlia Searbilos es saziano zemoqmedebebi da agreTve gaaCnia potenciali Tavisi wvlili Seitanos mdgrad ganviTarebaSi. sazogadoebrivi investiciebi warmoadgens RAP-is mniSvnelovan komponents. BP-s Tavdapirveli CarTva sazogadoebaTa investiciaSi mimarTuli iyo AIOC-is programebze sangaCalis terminalis maxloblad. es programebi iTvaliswinebs adgilobrivi skolebis srul aRdgenas, mciremasStabiani soflis infrastruqturis uzrunvelyofas da gansazRvruli saganmanaTleblo da kulturuli programbis mxardaWeras. sazogadoebrivi investiciebi BTC-sa da SCP-s navTobsadenis koridorSi dakavSirebulia axal, ufro did amocanebTan radgan moicavs 150-ze met zemoqmedebis qveS myof dasaxlebebs. am amocanebis Sesasruleblad BP-mda misma partniorebma SeimuSaves CIP-i, didi programa, romlis mixedviTac konkretul proeqtebs ganaxorcieleben nacionaluri da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, adgilobrivi xelisuflebebi da sazogadoebebi. CIP-i xorcieldeba azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTSi. dReisTvis BTC-sa da SCP-s konsorciumebma gaiRes daaxloebiT 20 milioni dolari CIP-sTvis, romelic Tanabrad ganawilda azerbaijans, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris sami wliT. pirveli granti azerbaijansa da saqarTvelosTvis gamocxadebuli iyo 2002 wels: oTxi granti gacemuli iqna azerbaijanSi (1..5 milioni dolari TviTeuli, “bavSvTa gadasarCenad” da “saerTaSoriso samaSvelo komitets” sazogadoebaTa mobilizaciis programebisTvis, 1.5 milioni dolari – saerTaSoriso samedicino brigadebs jandacvis sakiTxebze muSaobisTvis, da 1 milioni dolari – FINCA-s mikro-safinanso proeqtqbisTvis); xolo ori granti gacemuli Page 76 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi iqna saqarTveloSi (2.5 – 2.5 milioni dolari gadaeca arasamTavrobo organizaciebs CARE-sa da Mercy Corps –s sazogadoebaTa mobilizaciisTvis). grantebi ar iyo gacemuli uSualod adgilobriv NGO-ebze, radgan CIP-ma wamoayena piroba, rom NGO-s hqonoda mniSvnelovani Tanxebis gankargvis dadasturebuli gamocdileba. mxolod erTma azerbaijanulma NGO-m Seasrula es moTxovna da arcerTma qarTulma. mainc, CIP-s grantebis mimRebT hyavT adgilobrivi partniorebi azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi. BP da misi partniorebi gegmaven CIP-is fondebis gacemas sam-wliani mSeneblobis periodSi, rac agreTve moicavs mcire grantebs NGO-ebisaTvis. 2. garemos dacvis investiciebi BP-m da misma partniorebma gamoacxades EIP-i azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTisTvis, romelic dakavSirebulia BTC da SCP milsadenebTan da am programasTan dakavSirebiT gamoaqveynes “moTxovnebi saproeqto winadadebebis wardgenaze”. EIP-is mTavar mizans, romelic efuZneba dReisTvis gamoqveynebul masalebs, warmoadgens biomravalferovnebis warmoCena da SenarCuneba 71. jerjerobiT EIP-is CarCoebSi ar yofila gamoyofili an jildod gadacemuli specialuri fondebi. 3. socialuri investiciebi BP-m gamoTqva survili CaerTos socialur investiciebSi proeqtis monawile sam qveyanaSi. rogorc CIP-is SemTxvevaSi, BP anviTarebs mimdinare socialur investiciebze muSaobas. BP da misi partniorebi upiratesobas aniWeben instituciur ganviTarebas da unarianobis gazrdas adgilobriv da nacionalur doneebze, maT Soris sferoebSi, rogoricaa adgilobrivi biznesis ganviTareba da SME-is zrda, msgavsi da teqnikuri daxmareba nacionaluri energetikisa da ekonomikis ganviTarebis gegmebis ganxorcielebaSi, efeqturi sazogadoebrivi institutebis warmoCena, saganmanaTleblo donis amaRleba.magaliTad, sawarmoo centri, romelic dawvrilebiT aris ganxiluli IY nawilSi, warmoadgens socialuri investiciis brwyinvale nimuSs, romelic daarsda biznesSesaZleblobebis Sesaqmnelad da teqnikuri daxmarebis gasawevad adgilobrivi 71 ix. reziume, moTxovnebi winadadebebze garemos dacvis sainvesticio programebisTvis (TurqeTi); moTxovnebi winadadebebze (RFP) – baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis (BTC) da samxreT kavkasiis navTobsadenis (SCP) navTobsadenis prieqtebis – azerbaijani- garemos dacvis programebisTvis (2003 w., 21 Teb.). Page 77 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi azerbaijaneli SME-sTvis. BP-m daafinansa agreTve sawvrTneli programebi JurnalistebisTvis, xeli Seuwyo “moqalaqeTa demokratiis jgufis” mier moqmed programebs da aris “biznesis ganviTarebis kavSiris” damfuZnebeli wevri. dReisTvis sajarod ar gakeTebula im mTliani resursebis gamoangariSeba, ris gadacemac surT BP-s da mis partniorebs socialuri investiciebis iniciativebisTvis. b. rekomendaciebi mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis investiciebze saeqsperto jgufi miesalmeba imas, rom BP axorcielebs uwevs CIP-s, EIP-s da socialur investiciebs. da mainc, CIP-is gamocdileba dReisTvis da TviT eqspertebisa da sakonsultacio komisiis dakvirvebebi miuTiTeben imaze, rom mdgradi ganviTarebis mxriv, am sainvesticio programebs SeeZloT metis miRweva, rom dayrdnobodnen erTian struqturasa da midgomas. magaliTad, TviT komisiam daafiqsira, rom im adgilebSi, romlebic saerTaSOriso NGO-ebis mier ganxorcielebul programebSi gansazRvrulia tyis aRdgenisa da bionairsaxeobis dacvisaTvis, adgilobrivi soflelebi Wrian xes saTbobi moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. garemos dacvis iniciativebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon socialuri realoba, radgan Tu ZiriTadi adamianuri moTxovnilebebi dakmayofielbuli ar iqneba, SesaZloa tyis ganaSenianebasa da biomravalferovnebis dacvaSi Cadebuli investiciebi warumatebeli aRmoCndes. mTlianur midgomas SeeZlo agreTve gaeadvilebina SesaZlo erTobliv RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba sxvadasxva sainvesticio prioritetebs Soris: magaliTad, turizmis investiciebi SeiZleboda gazrdiliyo garemos dacvis iniciativebis safuZvelze mocemul regionSi, da garemos dacvis investiciebi da soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTareba erTimeoris saSualebiT unda gaZlierdes. Komisia iZleva rekomendacias Seiqmnas saSualeba, rogoricaa “kaspiis ganviTarebis fondi”, saidanac moxdeba Tanxebis gamoyofa yvela sainvesticio programisaTvis – iqneba is mimarTuli dasaxlebebze milsadenis gayolebaze, biomravalferovnebis mxardaWerasa an sxva ekologiur prioritetebze Tu socialuri ganviTarebis ufro farTo miznebze. “kaspiis ganviTarebis fondi” SeiZleba Camoyalibeds rogorc aramomgebiani fondi, romelic zedamxedvelobas gauwevs mdgrad ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi yvela investicias am sam qveyanaSi da Seasrulebs sacavis rols sxva Page 78 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi SemowirulobebisTvis, da xels Seuwyobda sazogadoebriv da kerZo seqtoris partniorobas. aseT fonds SeuZlia agreTve Seeqmnas SesaZlebloba BP-sTvis moizidos investiciebi regionSi partniorobis saSualebiT sxvadasxva saagentoebTan da sxva erTeulebTan, romlebic aseve CarTulebi arian regionSi mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis iniciativebSi. jgufi miesalmeba BP-s im valdebulebebs, romelic man ikisra sazogadoebrivi investiciebisTvis navTobsadenis mSeneblobis periodSi. amave dros, BP iqneba mniSvnelovani momqmedi subieqti azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis ekonomikebSi da swori iqneba, rom BP-s investiciebi regionis mdgrad ganviTarebaSi Seesabamebodes misi komerciuli saqmianobis masStabebs, CarCoebs da xangrZlivobas. Tumca jgufi ar asaxelebs cifrs an dafinansebis gansazRvrul formulas am investiciebisTvis, misi azriT, “kaspiis ganviTarebis fondisTvis” gacemuli Tanxa unda iyos mniSvnelovani jeradi 20 milioni dolarisa, romelic ukve gamocxadebulia CIP-sTvis. BP-s sargeblobas moutons regionSi moRvawe sxva dainteresebuli mxareebis rCevebis gaTvaliswineba prioritetebisa da saTanado saSualebebis ganviTarebis Taobaze, raTa gaaZlieros mdgrad ganviTarebaSi sakuTari investiciebis efeqti. regioni mTlianobaSi moigebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtivobis gazrdiT da maTi CarTviT saqmianobaSi. es gamoiwvevs ufro met pasuxismgeblobas xelisuflebebis mxridan, ufro saR da infirmaciul debatebs sazogadoebriv sakiTxebze da mTavrobis mier swori gadawyvetilebebis miRebas. magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis ufro farTe monawileoba mTavrobis mier xarjebis prioritetebis gadawyvetaSi azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi Seqmnida garantiebs, rom proeqtTan dakavSirebuli fuladi xarjebi moitans maqsimalur sargebels da did sazogadoebriv mxardaWeras. komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom mniSvnelovani investiciebi “kaspiis ganviTarebis fondidan” unda moxmardes regionSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobas da ganmtkicebas. am investiciebma unda Seqmnas sivrce, sadac samoqalaqo sazogadoebas moqmedebis saSualeba eqneba. kerZod, komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-m Tavisi investiciebi mimarTos qveynis-Sida seqtoruli simZlavris mSeneblobas samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi iniciativebis meSveobiT, rac gaaumjobesebs teqnikur gamocdilebas. teqnikuri simZlavris ganmtkicebis SesaZlo midgomebi Seicavs Semdegs: Page 79 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi • partnioroba NGO-ebTan, saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan da/an adgilobriv universitetebTan raTa Jurnalistebs, profkavSirebs, adgilobriv NGO-ebs, akademiasa da teqnikuri gamocdilebis mqone samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sxva elementebs SesTavazon im teqnikuri unarebis treningi, romelic aucilebelia. • treningis kursebis daarseba sadac Tavs moiyris yvela dainteresebuli mxare samTavrobo saagentoebidan, universitetebidan, kerZo seqtorebsa da NGO-ebidan, romlebic CarTulebi arian EIP-s ZiriTad TemebSi: bunebrivi garemos marTva (tye, Warbteniani niadagebi, mTebi, mdinareebi, zRva), analitikuri teqniligiebi (organuli da araorganuli qimia, biologiuri analizebi, mikrobiologia) da garemos dacvis marTvis sistemebi (monitoringi, auditi); da • treningis programebis dafinanseba adgilobrivi NGO-ebisaTvis, organizaciuli, proeqtis monitoringisa da saadvokato muSaobis gamocdilebis asamaRleblad. Komisia izirebs “Ria sazogadoebis institutis” rekomendacias rom BP-m daafinansos da sxva mxriv xeli Seuwyos maspinZel qveynebSi dainteresebuli mxareebisaTvis - samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, industria, proeqtis investorebi da, SesaZloa mTavroba – iseTi garemos Seqmnas, sadac maT SesaZLebloba eqnebaT iTanamSromlon ganviTarebis da transportis proeqtebis zemoqmedebis sakiTxebSi, da am proeqtebis Sedegad miRebuli dovlaTis gamoyenebis an ganawilebis sakiTxebSi. aseTi garemo SeiZleba iyos adgilobrivi, nacionaluri an regionaluri sakonsultacio organoebi, romelTac SeeZlebaT gamarTon dialogebi kaspiis proeqtebis zemoqmedebaze, amocanebze da SesaZleblobebze. azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos grZelvadiani myari ganviTarebis kidev erT mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens ganaTlebisa da gamocdilebis amaRleba. azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom am qveynbSi samuSao Zalas ganaTlebis sakmaod maRali done aqvT. komisia miesalmeba BP-sa da misi partniorebis Page 80 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi gancxadebas, rom maTi socialuri investiciebi mimarTuli iqneba ganaTlebisa da gamocdilebis ganviTarebisken. Komisia iZleva rekomendacias, rom BP-s mdgradi ganviTarebis investiciebidan gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces investicias ganaTlebisa da gamocdilebis ganviTarebaSi. dabrkolebebs Soris azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi, romlebic izidaven ucxour pirdapir investiciebs da xels uwyoben saSinao ekonomikis zrdas da ganviTarebas, aris kidev arasaimedo energo-momarageba da cudad ganviTarebuli sabanko sistema. jgufi iZleva rekomendacias, rom maspinZeli qveynebis mTavrobebTan, sxva donorebTan da ganviTarebis saagentoebTan TanamSromlobiT BP-m mdgradi ganviTarebis investiciebis garkveuli nawili mimarTos azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi saimedo energosistemis da sabanko sistemis aSenebisken, romlebic warmoadgenen mniSvnelovan winapirobas saSinao ekonomikis efeqturi funqcionirebisaTvis da damatebiTi ucxouri pirdapiri investiciebis mozidvisaTvis. CIP, EIP da SIP-is SemuSavebis procesSi BP-m ukve gansazRvra rigi specifiuri sferoebisa, sadac sasurveli iqneboda investiciebi. “siRaribis daZlevis strategiis dokumenti” (PPRSP), romelic SemuSavebulia azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos mTavrobebis mier, agreTve warmoadgens mniSvnelovan megzurs am qveynebSi investiciebis mozidvisaTvis. PRSP farTe miznebis ganxilvasTan damatebiT, jgufis mier SemoTavazebulia sxva damatebiTi prioritetebi mdgradi ganviTarebis investiciebisTvis: § mdgradi soflis meurneoba, romlis ganviTarebac araenergetikul seqtorebs Soris yvelaze metad savaraudoa, rogorc diversificirebuli ekonomikis mniSvnelovani komponentisa azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi; § . turizmi, gansakuTrebiT bakurianis zonaSi saqarTveloSi, da agreTve kulturuli mniSvnelobisa da bunebrivi silamazis sxva adgilebTan dakavSirebiT; § . SME-ebis mxardaWera, gansakuTrebiT imis miRweva, rom SeZlebisdagvarad xelmisawvdomi iyos kapitali; § . telekomunikaciebi, rac SesaZloa agreTve moicavdes BP-s mier milsadenis mTel marSrutze optikur boWkovani kabelis Warbi simZlavris gamoyenebas(Tuki aseTi iqneba), da § . investiciebi, mimarTuli sazRvao garemos aRdgenaze da, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, kaspiis zRvis Tevzsarew resursebze, Page 81 of 125 nawili VII mdgradi investiciebi romelic ukve mniSvnelovnad dazianebulia sabWoTa kavSiris droindeli energosistemebis Sedegad, da aseve sxva iseTi mizezebiT, rogoricaa Camdinare wylebis gaSveba mkvebav mdinareebSi. am rekomendaciebis micemisas, jgufi iTvaliswinebs dabrkolebebs mdgradi ganviTarebis procesSi kaspiis regionSi da im faqts, rom damoukideblad imisgan Tu ra masStabis investiciebs Cadebs BP mdgrad ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi, is marto ver ganaxorcielebs Tavis saukeTeso gegmebs gaxados kaspiis proeqtebi etaloni bunebrivi resursebis momavali myari ganviTarebisTvis. miuxedavad amisa, jgufi im azrisaa, rom, es gegmebi ganxorcieldeba mxolod BP-s myari garantirebuli mniSvnelovani resursebiT, romlebic frTxili da koordinirebuli marTviT mimarTuli iqneba infrastruqturisa da simZlavris mSeneblobisken, rac saSualebas miscems kaspiis regionis xalxs miiRon sargebeli kaspiis proeqtebidan. Page 82 of 125 nawili VIII daskvnebi Page 83 of 125 nawili VIII daskvnebi kaspiis proeqti BP-s SesaZleblobas aZlevs sasikeTo da xangrZlivi wvlili Seitanos azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebaSi. aseve mniSvnelovania BP-sTvis SesaZlebloba Seqmnas garemo garantirebuli komerciuli investiciisTvis gardamaval da ganviTarebad ekonomikaSi mravalerovani korporaciebis mier wiaRiseulis moZiebis industriaSi. iseT seqtorSi, romelsac xSirad adanaSauleben imaSi, rom igi ar iyenebs SesaZleblobas erTmaneTTan daakavSiros wiaRiseuli simdidris moZieba da ganviTarebaze mimarTuli saqmiaoba, BP cdilobs daadginos maRali standarti. saeqsperto jgufi dadebiTad afasebs BP-s am mcdelobas. mTel am Sualedur moxsenebaSi, saeqsperto jgufi urCevs BP-s gaaZlieros Tavisi moRvaweoba garemos dacvaSi, adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da socialur investirebaSi mTeli milsadenis gaswvriv da mTels regionSi. saeqsperto jgufi cnobs, rom am miznebis ganxorcielebisas wamoiWrebaQmniSvnelovani xelis SemSleli faqtorebi. saeqsperto jgufi imedovnebs, rom BP daZlevs am winaaRmdegobebs da imuSavebs adgilobriv partniorebTan, raTa kaspiis proeqtis garemos da socialur sferoSi uaryofiTi movlenebi minimumamde iqnan dayvanili mTeli milsadenis gaswvriv da mTels regionSi. mravalmxriv socialur investiciebze dayrdnobiT, gamWvirvalobis xelSewyobiT da SME (mcire da saSualo biznesis) ganviTarebiT, amavdroulad kaspiuri proeqtisTvis efqturi monitoringis meqanizmebis SeqmniT, rac moicavs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wvlils, LBP-s aqvs SesaZlebloba iqonios dadebiTi gavlena regionSi. BP unda iyos yovelmxriv darwmunebuli imaSi, rom misi wvlili – rogorc proeqtebSi, aseve regionis sakmaod farTo maStabis mdgrad ganviTarebSi – pasuxobs adgilobriv saWiroebebs da adgilobriv interesebs. ufro zogadad, saeqsperto jgufma gamoitana ramodenime mniSvnelovani gakveTili kaspiis proeqtidan dRevandelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac SesZloa gamoyenebul iqnas momavali wiaRiseuli moZiebis industriis investiciebSi. pirvel rigSi, komisiis TvalsazrisiT, adreuli da xSiri konsultaciebi adgilobriv mTavrobebTan da samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan aseTi komerciuli proeqtebis zegavlenis Sesaxeb garemosa da socialur sakiTxebze, aris Zalze mniSvnelovani nabiji TanamSromlobisa da Tanadgomis myari safuZvelis mSeneblobisken proeqtebis winsvlis procesSi. saWiroa rac SeiZleba drouli konsultaciebi adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, raTa garantirebul iqnas, rom maTi Sexedulebebi sworadaa gagebuli. Page 84 of 125 nawili VIII daskvnebi meore: investorebma, rogoric aris BP, unda mxedvelobaSi miiRon am komerciuli proeqtebis garemoze, ekonomikaze, socialur da adamianTa uflebebze zegavlenis erTiani suraTi, raTa gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas am proeqtebis kumulatiuri zegavlena da specifikuri zegavlenebi calk-calke aRebuli. mesame: monitoringi, rac moicavs adgilobriv Tanamonawileobasac, rogorc mSeneblobis dros ise mis Semdeg, Zalze mniSvnelovania investoris mier sakuTar valdebulebaTa Sesrulebisa da investorsa da sxva monawile mxareTa Soris pirdapiri kavSIris uzrunvelsayofad. da bolos, wiaRiseul moZiebis industriis investorebma ar unda SezRudon TavianTi socialuri pasuxismgebloba samSeneblo fazaSi mimdinare moklevadiani sainvesticio programebiT. moklevadian investiciur programebs Tan unda erTvodes ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi grZelvadiani moRvaweoba komerciuli proeqtebis mTeli arsebobis periodSi. erTi saSualeba aseTi grZelvadiani moRvaweobisa aris specialuri dafinansebis wyaros Seqmna, dafuZnebuli proeqtTan dakavSirebul wliur Semosavalze (an msgavs Tanxebze) da am dafinansebis wyaros SeqmniT, mdgradi da mravalmxrivi ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi iniciativebi. rogorc iyo aRniSnuli am Sualeduri angariSis dasawyisSi, saeqsperto jgufi miesalmeba da miiRebs komentarebs saeqsperto jgufis Sualeduri angariSisa da momavali samuSao gegmis Sesaxeb da mzadaa iTanamSromlos yvela dainteresebul mxaresTan, radgan saeqsperto jgufi agrZelebs muSaobas sadavo sakiTxebze kaspiis regionSi. Page 85 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi Page 86 of 124 nawili IX danarTebi danarTi a krebebis da konsultaciebis monawileTa sia mTavrobis oficialuri pirebi – azerbaijani vagif axundovi, xelmZRvaneli, saxelmwifo dacvis samsaxuri farid alievi, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministri iagub alievi, aRmasrulebeli organo, garadagis da gobustanis raionebi husein bagirovi, garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis ministri rasim dadaSevi, Tavmjdomare, navTobis da qimiis ganyofileba, minstrTa kabineti nazim imanovi, wevri, azerbaijanis parlamenti garib mamedovi, Tavmjdomare, miwis da kartografiis saxelmwifo komiteti asia manafova, Tavmjdomare, bunebrivi resursebis, energetikis da ekologiis komisia, azerbaijanis parlamenti aidin mirzazadei, pirveli vice Tavmjdomare, socialuri politikis komisia, azerbaijanis parlamenti niazi hajievi, saxelmwifo dacvis samsaxuri arif rahimzadei, spikeris pirveli moadgile, azerbaijanis parlamenti artur rasizadei, premier ministri saTTar safarovi, Tavmjdomare, ekonomikuri politikis komisia, azerbaijanis parlamenti elmira suleimanova, adamianis uflebebis ombucmeni mTavrobis oficialuri pirebi – saqarTvelo levan ambarcumovi, adgilobrivi warmomadgeneli, cixisjvris sakrebulo omar CxeiZe, borjomis administraciis turizmis departamentis ufrosi nino CxobaZe, garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis ministri roman gociriZe, sabiujeto ofisis xelmZRvaneli, saqarTvelos parlamenti nodar grigalaSvili, parlamentis wevri, borjomis regioni zaza joxaZe, borjomis gamgebeli laSa kopaliani, ekonomikuri samsaxuris ufrosi, borjomis gamgeblis ofisi Tedo meliqaZe, borjomis administraciis saorganizacio ganyofilebis ufrosi Teimuraz mosiaSvili, samcxe-javaxeTis raionis gamgebeli eduard SevardnaZe, saqarTvelos prezidenti mTavrobis oficialuri pirebi – didi britaneti Tamzin ailife, humanitariul saqmeTa specialisti, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamenti linda dafild, direqtori, Wider Europe (ufro farTe evropa), sagareo da britaneTis Tanamegobrobis kancelaria jesika irvin, ufrosi, evropis da centraluri aziis departamenti, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamenti rurik marsden, EBRD –s (evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki) departamenti, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamenti endriu Taker, inglisis elCi azerbaijanSi Page 87 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi mTavrobis oficialuri pirebi – amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi sanjeev agarval, garemoze zemoqmedebis ufrosi analitikosi, sazRvargareTis kerZo investiciaTa korporacia piter s. argo, direqtori, energetikis da garemos sammarTvelo, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento jefri beiker, xazinis departamenti ana m. borg, mdivnis TanaSemwis moadgile, ekonomikis da biznesis saqmeTa biuro, saxelmwifo departamenti meTiu j. briza, direqtori, egeosi, kavkasia da centraluri azia, erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWo bad quT, dazvervis sammarTvelo, centraluri dazvervis saagento braian b. qoqs, direqtori, ruseTis, aRmosavleT evropis da centraluri aziis sammarTvelo, xazinis departamenti ebigeil m. demopulos, saerTaSoriso ekonomisti, mravaldargovani ganviTarebis bankTa sammarTvelo, xazinis departamenti virjinia dondi grin, investirebis politikis vice prezidenti, sazRvargareTis kerZo investiciaTa korporacia maikl farbman, kavkasiis misiis direqtori, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento erik f. grin, gansakuTrebuli TanaSemwe, kaspiis auzis energetikis diplomatia, saxelmwifo departamenti mark grosman, politikur saqmeTa mdivnis TanaSemwe, saxelmwifo departamenti jef haukins, yazaxeTis kancelariis moxele, saxelmwifo departamenti harvei a. himberg, vice prezidentis moadgile, investiciis politika, garemos saqmeTa direqtori, sazRvargareTis kerZo investiciaTa korporacia robert f. iqord, energetika da infrastruqtura, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento basil qivan, investiciaTa dazRvevis moxele, sazRvargareTis kerZo investiciaTa korporacia qeiT kozlof, garemos dacvis ufrosi mrCeveli, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis politikis kancelaria, xazinis departamenti braien h. qurc, gansakuTrebul proeqtTa koordinatori, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento alan larson, ekonomikis mdivnis TanaSemwe, biznesi da soflis meurneobis sakiTxebi, saxelmwifo departamenti nensi li, mdivnis TanaSemwis moadgile, evrazia da laTinuri amerika, xazinis departamenti juls lixter, saerTaSoriso ekonomisti, Sua aziis da samxreT aziis erebis kancelaria, xazinis departamenti stiven r. man, ufrosi mrCeveli, kaspiis auzis energetikis diplomatia, saxelmwifo departamenti entoni markus, direqtoris moadgile, ruseTis kancelaria, aRmosavleT evropa da centraluri azia, xazinis departamenti riCard mails, a.S.S. elCi saqarTveloSi jefri minoT, ekonomisti, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento endriu s. nacios, administratori, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento Troi i. federson, saerTaSoriso ekonomisti, saerTaSoriso ekonomikis da moxmarebis politikis kancelaria, saxelmwifo departamenti mark Slagenhauf, msoflio navTobis da airis mrCeveli, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento Page 88 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi uiliam SerC, mdivnis TanaSemwis moadgile, mravaldargovani ganviTarebis bankebi da gansakuTrebuli ganviTarebis dawesebulebebi, xazinis departamenti uendi silvermen, demokratiis biuro, adamianTa uflebebi da dasaqmeba, saxelmwifo departamenti devid smiT, miwis reformaTa specialisti, saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamenti jeims s. uiliams, direqtori, dazRveva, sazRvargareTis kerZo investiciaTa korporacia Ros uilson, a.S.S. elCi azerbaijanSi saxelmwifo sawarmoebi naTik a. aliev, prezidenti, azerbaijanis respublikis saxelmwifo navTob kompania giorgi Wanturia, prezidenti, elCi/gansakuTrebuli mrCeveli saqarTvelos prezidentisa, saqarTvelos navTobis saerTaSoriso korporacia samir Sarifovi, aRmasrulebeli direqtori, azerbaijanis respublikis saxelmwifo navTob maragi daviT TvalabeiSvili, mmarTveli, strategiuli dagegmareba, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso navTob kompania saerTaSoriso finansuri dawesebulebebi ana axalkaci, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia ronald anderson, garemos dacvis ufrosi specialisti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia qlaiv armstrong, ekonomisti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia jon balafurtis, prezidentis TanaSemwe, msoflio banki uiliam balmer, mmarTveli, garemos dacvis da socialuri departamenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia hiun-Can Co, investiciis moxele, navTobis, airis, samTo da qimiur nivTierebaTa departamenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia alistar klark, direqtori, Sefasebis, moqmedebis da garemos mxardaWera – garemos dacvis departamenti, rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki dona douset-quarolo, direqtori, samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis kavSiri, evropis da centraluri aziis regioni, msoflio banki nikolai hajiiski, rezident warmomadgeneli (saqarTvelo), rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki assad jabr, vice prezidenti, operaciebi, saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia raSad qaldeni, direqtori, navTobis, airis, samTo da qimiur nivTierebaTa departamenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia jin lemier, prezidenti, rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki jin-patrik market, mTavari bankiri, bunebrivi resursebi, rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki qeiT martin, aRmasrulebeli vice prezidentis mrCeveli, mravaldargovani investiciebis sagarantio saagento, msoflio banki Sahbaz mavadaT, monawile direqtori, mcire da saSualo organizaciaTa departamenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia mariam meRvineTuxucesi, monawile bankiri, rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis evropuli banki patricia miler, ufrosi garemos dacvis specialisti, garemo da socialuri ganviTareba Page 89 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi Son miler, socialuri ganviTarebis specialisti (azerbaijani da saqarTvelo), garemos da socialuri ganviTarebis departamenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia farzin mirmotahari, SME programis moxele, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia daniel montgomeri, ufrosi investiciebis moxele, navTobis, airis, samTo da qimiur nivTierebaTa departamenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia Tomas mozer, kancelariis ufrosi (baqo), regionaluri warmomadgeneli, bunebrivi resursebi, rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki jon oldin-smi, direqtori, evropuli II departamenti, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi Sarlot filips, ufrosi bankiri, bunebrivi resursebi, rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki Ted polet, socialuri ganviTarebis specialisti (TurqeTi), garemos dacvis da socialuri departamenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia piter rainiger, biznes jgufis direqtori, energetika, rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki bert fon selm, ekonomisti, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi mark sulivan, a.S.S. aRmsrulebeli direqtori, rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis evropuli banki felicia svanson, investiciebis moxele, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia iasmin taiab, samoqalaqo sazogadoebaTa koordinatori, korporatiuli urTierTbebi, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia jon ueikman-lin, ganyofilebis ufrosis moadgile, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi piter voiq, mmarTveli direqtori, msofloi banki, da moqmedi vice prezidenti, saerTaSoriso finansTa korporacia jeims volfenson, prezidenti, msoflio banki kerZo pirebi, media da sxva Suamavlebi 525 (raSad majid) alaT municipaliteti (Sarafaddin gadirovi) azadliyi (rovSan hajiev, gunduz tahirli) borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli nakrZali (levan WumburiZe) borjomis media (qeTevan gazaevi, valerian lomaZe, aleqsi nozaZe) borjomis regioni (frondoz abelaZe, amiran gogalaZe, marina jabaxiZe, qeTevan xaCiZe, zurab qoburiZe, z. qurdaZe, liana lomiZe, oTar maRraZe, nugzar Caduneli, Tanguli orToiZe) exo (Sahin abasov, dilber hanin, rauf taliSinski) mwvaneTa partia (giorgi gaCeCilaZe) hidrologiis eqsperti (Telman zeinalov) musavaTTa partia (iza gambar) sangaCalis terminalis gafarToeba (reixan abdulaeva, bairam aliev, husein babaev, Sahiar babaev, Saqir baxiS Sahbazov, hagigaT bailarova, ibiS gahramanov, sardar hajiev, minara hasanova, ibragim ibragimov, fagan mamadov, azizxanim mamadova, axmad maxdiev, baxtiar najafov, nugai najafov, mubariz novruzov, baibala solTanov) sangaCalis terminalis gafarToeba (mamed yuliev) Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, saqarTvelo (zaal qiqoZe) Turanis sainformacio saagento (hasan guliev, ilham Saban) Page 90 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi Turanis axali ambebis saagento (mehman aliev) Sargis axali ambebis saagento (qamalia mustafaeva) ienis musavaTuri gazeTi (vuzal gasimili) zerkalo (elCin i. Sixlinski) mravalerovani dawesebulebebi urxan q. alqbarov, nacional koordinatori, kacobriobis ganviTarebis aRwera, azerbaijani, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis ganviTarebis programa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi/Tavkacebi miwis mesakuTreTa uflebebis dacvis asociacia (jaba ebanoiZe, daviT giorgaZe) azerbaijanis mecnierebaTa akademia (arif abasov) azerbaijanis mwvaneTa moZraoba (farida huseinova) azerbaijanis erovnuli mecnierebaTa akademia (aqif a. ali-zade, elCin h. sulTanov) azerbaijanis cxovelTa dacvis sazogadoeba (a. garaiev, g. rahimov) sabanko informaciuli centri (karen diker, devid hanter, graham saul) saerTaSoriso zrunva (Care International) (mari kardin) kaspiis garemosdacvs labiratoria (b. roddi) kaTolikuri Svebis samsaxuri (gloria piterson-aigah) kavkasiis garemosdacvis arasamTavrobo kavSiri (nana janaSia CEE Bankwatch - manana qoClaZe arqeologiuri kvlevis centri (irina RambaSiZe, vaxtang liCeli) saerTaSoriso garemosdacvis kanonis centri (ais kadaifCi, daniel b. magrau, umcr., heidi neuhof, markus orelana, ani perolt) damoukidebeli socialuri kvlevis centri (j. aivazov) internacionaluri moqalaqeni (Tomas stivensi, jon brus uelsi) pirveladi pasuxismgebloba (Crude Accountability) (megan lii, qeiT uaters) ekologiuri sazogadoeba “ruzgar” (“Ruzgar”) (islam mustafaev) enterpreneruli ganviTarebis organizacia (sabiT a. bagirov) bunebis dacvis informacia, ganaTleba da saxalxo gacnobiereba, NIBS (samir isaev) azerbaijanis respublikis Tevzis kvleviTi instituti (fiqreT jafarovi) dedamiwis megobrebi (stiv herc, nik rau, qerol uelC) saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia (g. buaCiZe, erekle gamyreliZe) sayovelTao samarTlianobis iniciativa (stiven benet) helsinkis moqalaqeTa asamblea (arzu abdulaeva) Human Rights Watch (elizabeT andersen, arvind geinsan, jonaTan sagden) saerTaSoriso samedicino korpusi (adam sirua) saerTaSoriso maSvelTa komiteti (pamela f. husein) qurTTa adamianuri uflebebis proeqti (anders lastgarten) Mercy COrps (stiv pauer) arasamTavrobo organizaciis ganviTarebis da garemos kvlevis asociacia (l. guluzada) NACRES (irakli maWaraSvili) Ria sazogadoebis instituti (farda asadov, svetlana walik) adamianTa uflebis da patimarTa uflebis dacvis organizacia (zaal zerekiZe) Page 91 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi platforma (grag matit) Save the Children ( trigve nelke) meore ECA NGO-s samuSao jgufi msoflio bankisTvis (qeTi dgebuaZe) socialuri Sefaseba, LLC (aiSe qudaT) sazogadoeba demokratiuli reformebisTvis (razi nurulaev) kavkasiis instituti mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebisTvis (gia nodia) The Corner House (nikolas hildiard) evraziis organizacia (margo sqvaier) azerbaijanis erovnuli arasamTavrobo organizaciis forumi (azai a. guliev) Transparency International (rena safaralieva, migel Slos) a.S.S.- kavkasiis instituti (zurb qarumiZe) msoflio xedva (World Vision) maikl makintaier, ulfat mehtiev) WWF (fransis a. grant-sati, kaxa Tolordava, qliv montgomeri uiks, nugzar zazanaSvili) axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (besarion abaSiZe) kerZo seqtori AES (ignasio iribareni, galin alnuiazov) Assimetric Associates (robert korzain) atkins dizainis garemo da mSenebloba (devid Silston) azerkorpu (alamdar galandarov) bakond (elxan sadixov) BMG2 (avTandil geidarov) kembrijis energetikis kvleviTi kavSiri (dein gustafson, qeTrin hardin, meTiu j. sagers, daniel ierjin) qanub sahia tikinti (Canub Sahaya Tikinti) (halis sohrabov) Zelqva, Sps (d. qiqoZe, m. TavarTqilaZe) enkitek (faiq rzaev) saqarTvelos minis da mineraluri wylebis kompania N.V. (badri jafariZe, mamuka xazaraZe, zaza kikviZe) Global Pipeline Consulting (r. makl qoujil) xazardeniznftgaz tikinti (KhazarDenizNeftGasTikinti) (nadir amiraslanov) konteks (iuri kazimov) MCG (emin aliev) PA konsalingis jgufi (din uait) paiper rudnik LLP (Piper Rudnick LLP) (gari j klain, senator jorj mitCel, sara a. robinson) rem servisi (afrail Sirinov) rovSan oguz (Rovshan Oguz) (vidadi abdulaiev) salford (Salford) (piter nagl) monawile qveynebis mrCevelebi komisiisTvis marko borsoti, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis ganviTarebis programa (azerbaijani) aleqsandr rondeli, strategiuli da saerTaSoriso swavlebis qarTuli organizacia Page 92 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi ilTer Tutqmen, Turqul-berZnuli forumi da Turqul-somxuri Serigebis komisia komisiis konsultantebi daniel beits, niu-iorkis universitetis hanter koleji riCard fagl, qeip taunis universiteti Page 93 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi danarTi b uflebamosilebis pirobebi komisiis daarseba BP-m daaarsa damoukidebeli gare komisia, kaspiis ganviTarebis mrCevelTa komisia (CDAP), rogorc Tavisi gegmis nawili, raTa ganamtkicos, rom baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis (BTC) navTobsadeni aris msoflio klasis samagaliTo proeqti. komisia, romelsac aqvs sam-wliani vada, daiwyebs Tavis saqmianobas 2003 wlis dasawyisSi, da miawvdis obieqtur rCevebs kompanias ekonomikaze, socialur pirobebze da garemoze milsadenis proeqtis zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTSi, zogadad, da milsadenTan 1760 kilometris mimdebare teritoriaze gansakuTrebiT. im dros, rodesac misi pirveladi yuradReba koncenrirebuli iqneba (BTC) navTobsadenze, komisias eqneba SesaZlebloba yuradReba miaqcios saqmianobebs da gegmebs, dakavSirebuls BP –sTan am regionSi. es moicavs azeri-Cirag-gunaSlis (ACG) navTobsabados da Sah denizis air sabados ganviTarebas, masTan baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis airis eqsportis milsadens, romelic gaivlis BTC-is paralelurad azerbaijansa da saqarTveloze. (BTC, ACG da Sah denizi yvela Sedis BP-s saqmianobaSi.) ZiriTadi amocana moicavs, magram ar iqneba SezRuduli SemdegiT: • Seafasos BP –s gegmebi raTa areguliros garemoze, socialur da ekonomikur pirobebze proeqtis zegavlena azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTSi, rogorc marSrutis doneze, aseve ufro farTed, regionis doneze. miawodos rekomendaciebi gamosasworeblad. • Seamowmos BP –s moqmedebis kursis ganacxadi proeqtze da kritikulad Seafasos proeqtis zegavlena. • miawodos rCevebi Sesabamis sakiTxebze dakavSirebuli socialur da sazogado saqmianobasTan raTa SeaZlebinos BP –s da mis partniorebs Seitanon pozitiuri cvlilebebi azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis ekonomikasa da sazogadoebebSi. komisiis roli Semoifargleba mrCevelis funqciiT da ar eqneba arc aRmasrulebelis uflebebi da arc pasuxismgebloba proeqtTan dakavSirebiT. komisia daarsdeba BP –s jgufis mier. mas mxarSi amoudgebian adgilobrivi warmomadgenlebi yovel qveyanaSi da eqneba Tavisi sakuTari samdivno, damtkicebuli vaSingtonSi, iuridiul firmaSi Covington & Burling. Page 94 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi komisias Seqmnili aqvs Tavisi internet-misamarTi (www.caspsea.com) da el.fostis misamarTi [email protected]. komisiis Txovnaa, rom yovelma dainteresebulma mxarem miawodos informacia samdivnos komisiis mier gansaxilvelad. komisia moaxsenebs BP –s jgufis mTavar aRmsrulebels. BP –sa da komisias Soris kavSiri Cveulebriv moxdeba ufrosi BP –s warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, daniSnulis BP – s jgufis mTavari aRmsruleblis mier. wevroba komisias eyoleba 4 wevri (Tavmjdomaris CaTvliT), romelTac daniSnavs BP –s jgufis mTavari aRmsrulebli, magram romelTac sxva mxriv ar eqnebaT araviTari uSualo qmediTi kavSiri BP –sTan. komisiis Tavmjdomare iqneba jan leSli (Jan Leschly) (Chairman & CEO, Care Capital and former CEO of SmithKline Beecham). sxva wevrebi arian stiuart eizenStat (Stuart Eizenstat), yofili a.S.S. elCi evrokavSirSi, mdivnis TanaSemwe komerciis dargSi, saxelmwifo mdivnis TanaSemwe da xazinis mdivnis moadgile, amJamad Covington & Burling –s Tnamonawile; jim makneil (Jim MacNeill), kanadeli diplomati da politikuri mrCeveli garemosdacvis, energetikis da xelSemwyobi pirobebis ganviTarebis sferoSi, garemosdacvis da ganviTarebis msoflio komisiis yofili generaluri mdivani (the Brundtland Commission) da msoflio bankis damoukidebel inspeqtorTa komisiis yofili mdivani, da muhamed sahnun (Mohamed Sahnoun), yofili elCi da alJiris prezidentis mrCeveli, gaero-s generaluri mdivnis specialuri emisari da brandtlendis komisiis (Brundtland Commission) wevri. ganrigi komisiis wevrebi oficialurad Seikribebian rogorc jgufi sul cota weliwadSi orjer, da damatebiT minimum erTxel, daaxloebiT erTi kviriT, ewvevian proeqtis teritorias yovel wels. komisias SeuZlia, BP-sTan SeTanxmebiT, moiwvion erovnuli da saerTaSoriso eqpertebi da konsultantebi, raTa maTgan komisiis wevrebma miiRon rCeva proeqtis Sefasebasa da daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebiT. angariSebi komisia miznad daisaxavs waradginos Tavisi pirveli miukerZoebeli angariSi 2003 wlos bolosTvis. damatebiTi angariSebi Semdgom wardgenil iqneba minimum yovelwliurad. komisiis miukerZoebeli angariSebi da aRmoCenebi gaxdeba sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi, mas mere rac waredgineba BP–s jgufis mTavari aRmsrulebels, xolo BP moamzadebs Tavis pasuxs. dafinanseba komisia daafinansdeba BP–s mier proeqtisgan damoukideblad. Page 95 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi danarTi g komisiis wevrTa biografia jan leSli (CDAP-s Tavmjdomare) Care Capital-is daarsebamde batoni jan leSli iyo SmithKline Beecham PLC (“SB”) -is mTavari administratori 1994-dan 2000 wlamde. igi Sevida SB –Si rogorc msoflio farmacevtuli biznesis Tavmjdomare, xolo 1990 wels arCeul iqna direqtorTa sabWos wevrad. SB-mde batoni leSli ikavebda COO, Squibb Corporation-is prezidentis Tanamdebobas. Squibb -Si Sevida 1979 wels vice prezidentad, komerciuli ganviTarebis, xolo 1984 wels Page 96 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi arCeul iqna jgufis vice prezidentad da direqtorTa sabWos wevrad msoflio farmacevtuli warmoebis jgufze pasuxismgeblobiT. yvelafer amis win igi Svidi weli muSaobda Novo Nordisk-Si, sadac msaxurobda aRmasrulebel vice prezidentad da farmacevtuli ganyofilebis prezidentad. batoni leSli aris direqtorTa sabWos wevri American Express Company-sa, Viacom Inc. da Maersk Group-sa da msaxurobs daimlerkraisleris (DaimlerChrysler AG) saerTaSoriso mrCevelTa sabWoSi. igi aris biznes sabWos (Business Council) da emoris universitetis biznes skolis dekanis mrCevelTa sabWos wevri. daibada ra daniaSi, bn-ma leSlim miiRo farmacevtuli mecnierebis magistris xarisxi kopenhagenis farmacevtul kolejSi da biznes administraciis mecnier bakalavrisa kopenhagenis ekonomikisa da biznes administraciis skolaSi. stiuart eizenStat (STUART EIZENSTAT) batoni stiuart eizenStat (Stuart Eizenstat) msaxurobda a.S.S. elCad evropul kavSirSi 1993-dan 1996 wlamde. igi agreTve iyo a.S.S. xazinis departamentis mdivnis moadgile, saxelmwifo mdivnis TanaSemwe ekonomikis, biznesis da soflismeurneobis sferoSi da komerciis da saerTaSoriso vaWrobis mdivnis TanaSemwe. mas miRebuli aqvs deparatamentis umaRlesi jildoebi misi samsaxurisTvis saxelmwifo mdivnis uaren qristoferisgan, saxelmwifo mdivnis medlin olbraitisgan, da xazinis departamentis mdivnis lorens samersisgan. 1977-dan 1981 wlamde igi iyo prezident jimi karteris Sinagan saqmeTa politikis ufrosi mrCeveli da TeTri saxlis saSinao politikis personalis aRmasrulebeli direqtori. b-ni eizenStati praqtikul iuridiul muSaobas eweoda oci wlis ganmavlobaSi atlantasa da vaSingtonSi, da 2001 wlidan TanamSromlobs iuridiul firmasTan “konvingtoni da burlingi” (Covington & Burling). klintonis administraciis periodSi b-ni eizenStati asrulebda mniSvnelovan rols sakvanZo saerTaSoriso wamowyebaTa ganviTarebaSi, rogoric aris, molaparakeba transatlantikur sakiTxebze evropis kavSirTan, transatlantikuri saqmiani dialogi evropul da aSS CEO Soris, SeTanxmebaTa molaparakeba evropis kavSirTan helms-bartonis aqtis da iran-libiis sanqciaTa aqtis Taobaze, molaparakeba iaponuri portebis SeTanxmebaze, da molaparakeba kiotos protokolze globalur daTbobasTan dakavSirebiT. b-ni eizenStati agreTve iyo holoqost-eras (Holocaust-era) ganxilvebze, rogorc prezidentis da saxelmwifo mdivnis specialuri warmomadgeneli, da igi warmatebiT exmareboda ZiriTad SeTanxmebaTa molaparakebebs Sveicarias, germanias, avstriasa da safrangeTTan. mas miRebuli aqvs umaRlesi jildoebi Tavisi moRvaweobisTvis saxelmwifo da saxazino departamentebisgan. igi dajildoebulia raindTa winamZRolis jvriT germaniis federaluri respublikisgan da Rirsebis legionis ordeniT safrangeTis mTavrobisgan. igi aris avtori naSromisa “arasrulyofili samarTali: naZarcvi qoneba, monuri Sroma, da II msoflio omis daumTavrebeli saqme” (Public Affairs 2003). Page 97 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi Tavisi iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtoris (J.D.) xarisxi miiRo harvardis universitetSi. iuridiul saswavlebelSi Sesvlamde man daimsaxura A.B., cum laude da Phi Beta Kappa politikur mecnierebaSi Crdilo karolinis universitetidan Cepel hilSi. jim makneil (JIM MACNEILL) batoni jim makneili TiTqmis oTxi aTuli wlis manZilze msaxurobs mTavrobaTa, mwarmoebelTa da saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa xelmZRvanelobis politikur mrCevelad, energetikis, bunebrivi resursebis, menejmentis, garemosdacvis da xelSemwyobi pirobebis ganviTarebis sferoSi. bolo dromde msoflio bankis damoukidebel inspeqtorTa komisiis Tavmjdomare vaSingtonSi (Washington, D.C.), aris wevri sxvadasxva kolegiebis, rogoric aris vuds houlis kvleviTi centri, vuds houli, masaCusetsi, vupertalis instituti klimatis da energetikis politika, germania, da rogorc sapatio Tavmjdomare xelSemwyobi ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso institutisa (IISD), kanada. igi agreTve msaxurobs volvos garemisdacvis prizis Jiuris wevrad, SvedeTSi. 1983-87 wlebSi b-ni makneili iyo generaluri mdivani garemosdacvis da ganviTarebis msoflio komisiisa (the Brundtland Commission) da mTavari avtori komisiis msoflioSi aRiarebuli moxsenebisa “Cveni saerTo momavali” (“Our Common Future.”). igi Svidi weli msaxurobda garemosdacvis direqtorad ekonomiuri TanamSromlobis da ganviTarebis organizaciaSi da iyo kanadis elCi da generaluri komisari gaeros konferenciaze adamianTa dasaxlebis problemebze vankuverSi 1976 wels. igi iyo damfuZnebeli wevri iaponuri institutisa globaluri garemosdacvis strategiisa da CineTis sabWosi (China Council). ufro adre igi iyo ministris moadgile (parlamentis mdivani) kanadis mTavrobaSi. b-ni makleini flobs stokholmis universitetis ekonomikur da politikur mecnierebaTa kursdamTavrebulis diploms da mecnierebaTa bakalavris xarisxebs (maTematika, fizika) da meqanikos inJinris saskaCevanis universitetidan. ogi aris avtori mravali wignisa da statiebisa da mflobeli mravali sapatio xarisxebis da jildoebisa, erovnuli da saerTaSoriso, rogoric aris kanadis ordeni, misi qveynis umaRlesi jildo. muhamed sahnun (MOHAMED SAHNOUN) 2003 wlis 20 ianvars generalurma mdivanma kofi ananma gamoacxada baton muhamed sahnunis, erovnebiT alJirelis, Tavis specialur mrCevlad daniSvna afrikis regionis hornis (Horn) ganviTarebis inspeqtirebis mizniT. manamde b-ni sahnuni msaxurobda rogorc: gaerTianebuli erebis mecnierebis da kulturis organizaciis (UNESCO) generaluri direqtoris specialuri mrCevla kulturisa da mSvidobis programisTvis; generaluri mdivnis specialuri wargzavnili eTiopia/eriTriis konfliqtze (1998-1999); da gaeros da OAU -s (afrikis kavSiris organizacia) erToblivi warmomadgeneli didi tbebis regionSi (1997). igi agreTve aris mSvidobis universitetis komitetis wevri, omiT dazaralebul sazogadoebaTa proeqtis specialur mrCevelTa jgufis wevri, saerTaSoriso krizisis jgufis komitetis wevri, da intervenciis da saxelmwifo suverenitetis saerTaSoriso komisiisa TanaTavmjdomare. Page 98 of 125 nawili IX danarTebi b-ni sahnuni iyo gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnis specialuri warmomadgeneli somaliSi 1992 wels. 1993 wels igi dainiSna OAU -s (afrikis kavSiris organizaciis) specialur warmomadgenlad kongoSi. 1994 wels igi iyo aSS-is vaSingtonis mSvidobis institutis pirveli samecniero sazogadoebis wevri da Semdeg otavis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis kvleviTi centris pirsonis (Pearson) samecniero sazogadoebis wevri (kanada). igi iyo garemosdacvis da ganviTarebis msoflio komisiis (Brundtland Commission) wevri 1980-ian wlebSi, da agreTve generaluri mdivnis ufrosi mrCeveli gaerTianebuli erebis bunebis dacvis da ganviTarebis konferenciaze (UNCED). misi karieris ganmavlobaSi b-ni sahnuni iyo alJiris presidentis mrCeveli diplomatiis sakiTxebSi. 1964 wlidan 1973 wlamde b-ni sahnuni iyo OAU-s generaluri mdivnis moadgile, xolo 1973 wels igi iyo arabul qveynebis ligis generaluri mdivnis moadgile arab-afrikis dialogis sakiTxebSi. igi msaxurobda alJiris elCad marokoSi da mdivnad maRribis kavSirSi (Maghreb Union) (1989-1990); elCad SeerTebul StatebSi (19841989); alJiris misiis xelmZRvanelad gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaSi (1982-1984); elCad safrangeTSi (1979-1982); da elCad germaniis federaciul respublikaSi (1975-1979). b-ni sahnuni swavlobda jer sorbinis universitetSi, parizSi, da Semdeg niu iorkis universitetSi, sadac miiRo xelovnebis bakalavris da xelovnebis ostatis xarisxebi politikur mecnierebaSi. 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