PDF - Chiroptera Neotropical
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PDF - Chiroptera Neotropical
Chiroptera Neotropical 14(2), December 2008 New records for three species of the genus Myotis Kaup for the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil Thiago B. Vieira1*, Poliana Mendes1, Rafael Z. Coutinho1, Monik Oprea2 e Albert David Ditchfield1 1. Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espírito Santo, ES 29040090, Brasil. 2. Division of Mammals, MRC 108, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract Among bats, the genus Myotis has the largest geographic distribution, being found nearly worldwide. Six species of this genus occur in Brazil: M. albescens, M. levis, M. nigricans, M. riparius, M. ruber and M. simus. Of these, only M. nigricans has been recorded for the state of Espírito Santo. Here we report the first occurrence of three species of the genus Myotis for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, M. ruber, M. albescens and M. levis. Bats were captured with mist nets in three different locations in the state of Espírito Santo. Four specimens were captured: two individuals of M. ruber, one individual of M. albescens, and one individual of M. levis. The results add these species to state of Espírito Santo, and thereby broaden the geographic distribution for M. levis. M. ruber and M. albescens are valuable, but not unexpected findings. However, M. levis was not expected for Espírito Santo, and finding it in this state rejects the hypothesis that this region is beyond the distributional limits for this species. Keywords: Atlantic Forest, geographic distribution, M. albescens, M. levis, M. ruber, Vespertilionids. 41º00'10"W) in Domingos Martins municipality; Fazendinha Municipal Park (20°14’30’’S 40°16’23’’W) in Vitória municipality; and Forno Grande State Park (20º32'29"S 41º07'17"W) in Castelo municipality (Figure 1). Forno Grande State Park is a 730ha of Atlantic Forest area within the coastal mountain range of Espírito Santo. Pedra Azul State Park is also an area of Atlantic Forest within the coastal mountain range of Espírito Santo with 1,240ha. Fazendinha Municipal Park has an area of 2.29ha, and is an urban park with a transition zone between the restinga (coastal shrubland) ecosystem and the Atlantic Forest, presenting also some exotic species. In each locality, six to ten mist nets were set up at sundown and stayed open for six hours. All bats were identified using identification keys (LaVal 1973; Vizotto and Taddei 1973; Barquez et al. 1999; López-González et al. 2001; Vicente et al. 2005). All voucher specimens are preserved in alcohol 70% and at the moment are at the Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros (LABEQ), but they will be deposited in the mammal collection of the Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão, in Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Introduction Among bats, the genus Myotis Kaup, 1829 has the largest geographic distribution, being found nearly worldwide (Koopman 1988; Simmons 2005; Wilson 2007). They comprise the largest vespertilionid genus, with 103 species described so far (Simmons 2005). According to Bianconi and Pedro (2007), six species of Myotis occur in Brazil: Myotis albescens (E. Geoffroy, 1806); Myotis levis (I. Geoffroy, 1824); Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821); Myotis riparius Handley, 1960; Myotis ruber (E. Geoffroy, 1806) and Myotis simus Thomas, 1901. Of these, only M. simus does not occur in southeastern Brazil (Simmons 2005). Of the five remaining species, only M. nigricans has been recorded for all states in southeastern Brazil (Simmons 2005; Peracchi et al. 2006; Tavares et al. 2008). Myotis albencens and M. ruber are registered for the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (Peracchi et al. 2006; Tavares et al. 2008), while M. levis and M. riparius are recorded for the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo (Simmons 2005; Peracchi et al. 2006; Tavares et al. 2008). Here we report the first occurrence of three species of the genus Myotis in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, broadening and discussing their geographic distributions in southeastern Brazil. Results Two individuals of M. ruber, one male and one female, were captured on October 6, 2003 at Pedra Azul State Park at an altitude of 1,300m. Material and Methods We sampled three locations in Espírito Santo state: Pedra Azul State Park (20º25'27"S 415 Chiroptera Neotropical 14(2), December 2008 Both bats have a 40.0mm forearm. The weights were 7.0g for the female, and 6.0g for the male. The two specimens were numbered as AD 1006 and AD 1008. A single female of M. albescens (Figure 2) was captured, at sea level, on April 12, 2007 at Fazendinha Municipal Park. This bat has a 37.7mm forearm and weighted 4.8g. It was numbered as TV 73. A single male specimen of M. levis was captured at an altitude of 1,150m, at Forno Grande State Park, in July 17, 2004. The measurements for this specimen were 40.0mm of forearm, and 5.5g weight. This bat was numbered RZ 85. None of the specimens were in reproductive condition. occur in high altitude forests in northeastern Brazil (Sousa et al. 2004). Wilson (2007) states that this species seems to be rare within its range, and its natural history is poorly known. M. ruber is listed as Vulnerable at the national level (Machado et al. 2005) and Near Threatened at global level (IUCN 2008). Myotis albescens is usually captured in humid areas, both in open and forested areas. It is found in primary and secondary forest and forest edges (Reis and Peracchi 1987, Patterson 1992, Sampaio et al. 2003). M. albescens roosts in buildings, hollow trees, and rock crevices (Wilson 2007). According to Simmons (2005), the geographic distribution ranges from southern México to northern Argentina. It is one of the most widespread species of the genus, and many individuals have been captured bellow 500m of altitude (Wilson 2007). Myotis levis is generally found foraging in open areas, forest edges, and in forests or jungles (Bianconi and Pedro 2007). In forest and second growth it forages intensely in open areas near water (Reis et al. 2002). M. levis occurs in Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil (Simmons 2005). According to Marinho-Filho (1996), all species of Myotis potentially occur in Espírito Santo, with the exception of M. levis. However, only one has been previously recorded in the state, M. nigricans. Capturing M. albescens and M. ruber in this state is therefore a valuable but not unexpected finding. The presence of M. ruber in Rio de Janeiro, confirmed by Moratelli and Peracchi (2007), covers the gap in state of Espírito Santo. However, M. levis was not expected for Espírito Santo, and finding the species in this state falsifies the hypothesis that this state is beyond the distributional limits for this species (Eisenberg and Redford 1999). Although Marinho-Filho (1996) states that M. levis is limited to southern Brazil, this species distribution may include the mountains of Rio de Janeiro (Ésberard and Bergallo 2005, Moratelli and Peracchi 2007), and Espírito Santo (present study). According to Peracchi et al. (2006), Bianconi and Pedro (2007) and Tavares et al. (2008), the state of Espírito Santo represents a gap in the geographic distribution of M. albescens, that had been reported in surrounding states of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Peracchi et al 2006; Tavares et al. 2008). With the record of this species for Espírito Santo, this gap has been eliminated. To summarize, our reports of M. albescens and M. ruber confirm the hypothesis proposed by Marinho-Filho (1996) that these species should be Figure 1: Capture sites of the three species of the genus Myotis in the state of Espírito Santo (Source: Google Earth). Figure 2: Myotis albescens (Photo: Thiago B. Vieira). Discussion Myotis ruber has been recorded in the most varied environments, from mature rain forest to forests in early successional stages, forest edges and even small patches of urban forests (Reis et al. 2002). Although it can be found in urban forests, this species is considered sensitive to environmental change (Reis et al. 2003). It is frequently found in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina; and recently it has been reported to 416 Chiroptera Neotropical 14(2), December 2008 Moratelli R. and Peracchi A.D. 2007. Morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) do Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos In: Ciência e Conservação na Serra dos Órgãos (Edited by Cronemberger C. and Viveiros de Castro E.B.), pp. 194-209. IBAMA, Brasília. Patterson B.D. 1992. Mammals in the Royal Natural History Museum, Stockolmo, collected in Brazil and Bolivia by A.M. Plalla during 1934-1938. Fieldiana Zoology 66: 1-48. Peracchi A.L.; Lima I.P.; Reis N.R.; Nogueira M.R. and Ortencio-Filho,H. 2006. Ordem Chiroptera. In: Mamíferos do Brasil (Edited by Reis N.R.; Peracchi A.L.; Pedro W.A. and LIMA I.P.), pp.153-230. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina. Reis N.R.; Barbieri M.L.S.; Lima I.P. and Peracchi A.L. 2003. O que é melhor para manter a riqueza de espécies de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera): um fragmentos florestal grande ou vários fragmentos de pequeno tamanho? Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 20: 225-230. Reis N.R.; Lima I.P. and Peracchi A.L. 2002. Morcegos (Chiroptera) da área urbana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 109: 739-746. Reis N.R. and Peracchi A.L. 1987. Quirópteros da Região de Manaus, Amazonas (Mammalia, Chiroptera) Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, serie Zoológica 3: 161-182. Rocha C.F.D.; Bergallo H.G.; Alves M.A.S. and Van Sluys M. 2003. A biodiversidade nos grandes remanescentes florestais do estado do Rio de Janeiro e nas restingas da Mata Atlântica. Rima Editora, São Carlos. Sampaio E.M.; Kalko E.K.V.; Bernard E.; Rodriguez-Herrera B. and Handley C.O.A. 2003. Biodiversity assessment of bats (Chiroptera) in a tropical lowland rainforest of central Amazonia, including methodological and conservation considerate. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 38: 17-31. Simmons N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (Edited by Wilson D.E. and Reeder D.M.), pp. 312-529. Johns Hopkins University Press. Sousa M.A.N.; Langguth A. and Gimenez E.A. 2004. Mamíferos de brejo de altitude da Paraíba e Pernambuco In: Brejos de altitude: historia natural, ecologia e conservação. (Edited by Porto K.; Cabral J.J.P.; Taberelli M.), pp. 229-254.. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasília. Tavares V.C.; Gregorin R. and Peracchi A.L. 2008. Sistemática: a diversidade de morcegos do Brasil. In: Morcegos do Brasil: biologia, sistemática, ecologia e conservação. (Edited by Pacheco S.M.; Marques R.V.; Esbérard found in Espírito Santo. Also we broad the geographic distribution for M. levis. Agradecimentos Authors would like to thank IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) for the licenses to capture and collect bats (015/2003, CGFAU/LIC 02001.001800/93-81, 017/2004, 39/05NUFAUNA and 31/96-NUFAUNA 02009.001212/04-91). We also thank Ricardo Moratelli and one anonymous referee for all the comments and suggestions. We thank BCI (Bat Conservation International) for the scholarship granted to M. Oprea. We are thankful to Prefeitura de Vitória and the manager of Parque Municipal da Fazendinha, for the licenses to collect in the park. We also thank our colleagues from LABEQ for the help on fieldwork. Referências Barquez R.M.; Mares M.A. and Braun, J.K. 1999. The Bats of Argentina. Special Publications. Museum of Texas Tech University 42: 1-275. Bianconi G.V. and Pedro W.A. 2007. Família Vespertilionidae. In Morcegos do Brasil (Edited by Reis N.R.; Peracchi A.L.; Pedro W.A. and Lima I.P.), pp.167-195. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina. Eisenberg J.F. and Redford K.H. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics. The central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brasil. v.3. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Ésberard C.E.L. and Bergallo H.G. 2005. Research on bats in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Mastozoologia Neotropical 12: 237-243. IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2008. Koopman K.F. 1988. Systematics and distribution. In Natural history of vampire bats (Edited by Greenhall A.M. and Schmidt U.). CRC Press, Boca Raton. La Val, R. 1973. A revision of the Neotropical bats of the genus Myotis. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County 15: 1-54. López-González C.; Presley S.J.; Owen R.D. and Willig M.R. 2001. Taxonomic status of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Paraguay. Journal of Mammalogy 82: 138-160. Marinho-Filho J.M. 1996. Distribution of bat diversity in the southern and southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Chiroptera Neotropical 2: 51-54. Machado A.B.M.; Martins C.S. and Drummond G.M. 2005. Lista de fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção: incluindo as lista das espécies quase ameaçadas e deficientes em dados. Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte. 417 Chiroptera Neotropical 14(2), December 2008 C.E.L.), pp. 25-60. Armazém Digital Comunicação Ltda, Porto Alegre. Vicente E.C.; Jim J. and Taddei V.A. 2005. Características morfológicas externas distintivas de Myotis albescens, M. nigricans, M. simus e M. riparius (Chiroptera; Vespertilionidae). Ensaios e Ciência 9: 293304. Vizotto L.D. and Taddei V.A. 1973. Chave para a determinação de quirópteros brasileiros. São José do Rio Preto. Wilson D.E. 2007. Genus Myotis. In Mammals of South América volume 1: marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. (Edited by Gardner A.L.), pp. 468-481.. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 418
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