HEP/Astrop. related Hands-on Kits - Spring Meeting 2009
Transcrição
HEP/Astrop. related Hands-on Kits - Spring Meeting 2009
- Spring Meeting 2009 FEDER HEP/Astrop. related Hands-on Kits Maria Abreu, Pedro Abreu, Sofia Andringa, Luísa Arruda, Fernando Barão, Gaspar Barreira, Nuno Barros, João Carvalho, André David, Catarina Espírito Santo, Ana Farinha, João Gentil, Agostinho Gomes, Patrícia Gonçalves, Amélia Maio, Luís Mendes, Paulo Moniz, António Onofre, Paulo Parada, Luís Peralta, Rui Pereira, João Pina, Robertus Potting, Catarina Quintans, Paulo Sá, Helena Santos, Sandra Soares, Bernardo Tomé, Sara Valente @ECSITE, Milano,IT 03/06/09 Summary Hands-on and detector kits for Science Centres: v Experimental models v Spark Chamber v Desktop Cloud Chamber v Muon Lifetime experiment v Radiation Detectors in the Environment June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 2/16 Auger Model(s) v Auger Detectors model (w/ LEDs), featuring both Surface Detector tanks and Fluorescence Detector telescopes v Model built in Karlsruhe by KIT (IFK) v In display at Malargüe P.Auger South Observatory v In display at Amadora’s Science Centre (on loan from LIP) v Displaying real selected events (not online) v Model for telescope’s PMT Camera with 440 LEDs being prepared and built by LIP, expected for tests this summer June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 3/11 Auger South Obs. Model (©KIT) June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 4/11 Spark Chamber v Table top detailed design from Henk Tiecke @ NIKHEF v Total cost for 10 k€+V.A.T., 3 produced at LIP (Coimbra) v One bought by and in use at Amadora’s Science Centre, in the actual exhibition, and then available to loan to other Science Centres, when exhibition changed v Gas (inert, Helium+Neon) required, provided from special company (e.g., Air Liquide), full ch. lasts for ~2 months v Proximity sensor strongly advised June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 5/16 Spark Chamber diploma(s) no Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas Lisboa, Portugal, 38º 46’ 19.71” N 9º 05’ 38.45” W Câmara de faíscas e raios cósmicos Os raios cósmicos que atingem a alta atmosfera terrestre são constituídos, principalmente, por protões de alta energia que se deslocam com velocidade elevada. À medida que se dirigem para a superfície da Terra colidem com átomos do ar, criando novas partículas. Estes choques produzem um “chuveiro cósmico”. Algumas destas partículas são paradas pela atmosfera, e para as detectarem os físicos elevam o seu equipamento em balões ou aviões. Outras partículas atingem o solo, como aquelas registadas na câmara de faíscas. Umas poucas penetram profundamente na Terra e são registadas por detectores subterrâneos ou colocados no oceano. Bruno Pereira 22 de Novembro de 2008, 11:30 Passam alguns raios cósmicos por segundo através do teu corpo, sempre. Olha para a câmara de faíscas – cada flash é a trajectória descrita por um raio cósmico. A câmara de faíscas está cheia com uma mistura gasosa especial. Os raios cósmicos arrancam electrões dos átomos do gás. Esses electrões são acelerados em direcção a placas metálicas, dispostas em camadas dentro da câmara, dando origem a faíscas que são pequenos relâmpagos ao longo do percurso do raio cósmico. Podemos assim visualizar facilmente a sua trajectória. Este Raio Cósmico é-te oferecido pelo LIP com o apoio: Certificate for unique CR offered... June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 6/16 Cloud Chambers v Desktop design and materials description from CERN’s activity with the Portuguese Teachers in the National Teachers .pt week. v Built 3 sets of acrilic boxes, metal plates painted black, wooden tray v Few Kg of Dry Ice (frozen CO2) bought from gas company (e.g, Praxair) v Used garden gloves to deal with the dry ice v In display at events or upon request v Shows the passage of cosmic rays v Greatly enhanced interest to see the particles, if we put a radioactive rock inside the box – than the traces are much bigger and better seen June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 7/16 Cloud chambers June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 8/11 Cloud chambers June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 9/11 Muon Lifetime experiment June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 10/11 Radiation detectors & environment v Radiation and the Environment is a LIP project in collaboration with 25 schools (spread over the country) v Had 2 workshops where students presented their results June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 11/11 Conclusions v With EPPOG’s and CERN’s help, LIP has built detectors to be used in Science Fairs and Science Centres v When Scientists explaining things is possible, is a major gain v Science centres manifested interest in such small detectors that show otherwise unseen particles (one sold to a Sc.C.) v Kits can be built without big investments (biggest being the spark chamber at ~10k€+VAT), and some can be built/used in the school’s classroom June 3rd, 2009 Pedro Abreu @ EPPOG-Meeting Spring’09, Milano, .it 12/16