Design Leadership - Alan Ford Architects
Transcrição
Design Leadership - Alan Ford Architects
Design Leadership Alan Ford, Author Designing the Sustainable School & A Sense of Entry: Designing the Welcoming School A Sense of Entry A Sense of Entry ol welc omin g scho Desi gnin g the ol we lco mi ng sc ho De sig ni ng th e lan Ford , A Paul Hutton d nifer Sewar Te x t b y J e n 1 2 The new technology and design center for the Lick-Wilmerding High School represents the school’s unique dedication and appreciation for arts education. The design also provided the opportunity to create an environment that would encourage collaboration and inspire a sense of community for its users. The school’s integrated and demanding academic curriculum places a strong emphasis on the technical and fine arts—the only college preparatory school in the country with this program. Over the years, the school had nearly exhausted its ability to expand within its own property and felt forced to proceed with a building location on the eastern edge of the existing field. This move, dictated by the existing master plan, would drastically alter the experience of the school, cutting off the views of the distant hills. Departing from the previous master plan, this design extends the lower level of the campus, placing the workshops at the heart, under the plane of the existing field. The workshops are now oriented toward each other, creating a shared work area that encourages interdisciplinary work and collaboration. The rest of the campus wraps around the centralized core, forming an understated design solution. The new student center/dining hall overlooks the workshopslevel addition and connects through a stair to the lower level. The school’s eastward views remain unimpeded; the distant hills remain an extension of the school’s field and a borrowed landscape for the inhabitants of this small urban site. The roofs of the workshops are transformed into a series of terraced landscapes—a favorite spot for students to gather during lunch or between classes. 3 Lick Wilmerding High School San Francisco, California, USA Pfau Architecture, Ltd. 2 1 Sustainable features: 5Natural cross ventilation is used throughout for cooling. 5Insulated and low-E glass is used throughout. 5All buildings utilize earth as an insulation to limit temperature swings. 5Louvered sun control elements are utilized at appropriate façades. 5Sustainable harvested Ipe wood is used. 5Photovoltaic panels are integrated to lower energy cost and provide a useful educational tool. 5Systems are integrated to plan for future photovoltaic panels on various roofs. 5Windmills along I-280 are planned to provide power to the student lounge and become an important symbol to the community of Lick-Wilmerding’s interest in educating the people who will help shape our sustainable future. 3 20 The Sustainable School The Willow School Gladstone, New Jersey, USA Farewell Mills Gatsch Architects, LLC Aspen Middle School Aspen, Colorado, USA Studio B Architects Hutton Ford Architects The Aspen School District emphasizes creative classroom learning, outdoor education, safety, and sustainability and therefore wanted this new middle school building to echo its commitment to students and environmental responsibility. Additionally the ASD wanted a building to unify the tri-school campus and replace an aging, leaking, outdated, and inefficient middle school. The new middle school supports the Aspen School District’s progressive educational mission and curriculum with a modern, 110,000-square-foot (10,220-squaremeter) LEED certified building. The new L-shaped building wraps around the existing middle school not only to maintain existing school operations during construction of the new building, but also to replace the current building with a new larger, safer, sunfilled playground environment. The new efficient, comfortable and stimulating environment includes ample daylighting, improved ventilation, new building and technology systems, better access and security, and views and spaces that connect the building’s users to the surrounding mountain landscape. The architectural language reflects the direction of an educational program focused on a sustainable future. Wherever possible, LEED certified green materials such as bamboo, and recycled content flooring are incorporated into the design. Aluminum-framed, high-performance glazing provides natural light to all educational spaces. Window openings and sunshade devices respond to the solar orientation, and create a distinctive aesthetic. An extended canopy identifies the main east-facing entry, and the adjacent arcade provides a safe, visible, protected shelter for student drop-off and pick-up. Selected highefficiency mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems that integrate innovative products and techniques such as solar air heating, waterless urinals, and solar tubes will make this the most energy-efficient classroom building on the school campus. These strategies will result in reducing carbon dioxide by almost 1 million pounds per year. Sustainable features: 5Green, recycled, and low-maintenance materials used where possible5High-performance glazing 5Window openings and associated shading devices respond to solar orientation5High efficiency mechanical and electrical systems 5Solar air heating 5Waterless urinals 5Solar light tubes 5Photovoltaic panels 5Natural daylighting in all classrooms 5Access to views and outdoor spaces 5Automated electric lighting controls 20 The Sustainable School 6 4 The Willow School is a gold-level, LEED certified, K–8 independent school located on 14 hectares (34 acres) in Gladstone, New Jersey. This small private Lick Wilmerding Schoola curriculum 21 school was designed to High reflect rich in the lessons of environmental stewardship where children could experience a sense of wonder about the natural world and a connection to place. Built in phases, on a former 19thcentury farm, each phase was designed to be perceived independently and yet be part of a complete whole. The program stresses the connection of indoor and outdoor spaces, use of the environment for learning opportunities, and the linkage of historical and contemporary experience. Environmental stewardship has meant preserving both a historic farmstead as a piece of cultural history, conserving and stabilizing ecological zones such as wetlands and woodlands, and minimizing the impact of new construction on the natural ecosystems. The buildings are low and linear, with the long axis oriented east–west to respond to the sun and wind. The façade reveals a composition of local stone, salvaged heavy timbers, wood siding and glass organized in agrarian structures along the spine of a sunspace corridor. The main entrance hall is used for morning gatherings of the entire school population. It fosters a strong sense of community and provides a location for community events after regular school hours. The light-filled classrooms, which spill off the corridor, have clear visual connections to the outside, making the link between learning and the world beyond the classroom walls readily apparent. 1 The master plan addressed site issues including woodlands, wetlands, setbacks, and circulation 2 The Willow School was carefully designed to harmonize with its woodland setting 3 Main entrance 1 5 4 4 2 3 Sustainable features: 1 5Planting of native species meadows and reduction of areas of turf 5Marsh wetland stormwater management employing deep-rooted wetland plants to remove suspended solids, phosphorous and nitrogen before stormwater leaves the site 5Constructed wetland treatment system treats human waste on site to recreational water standards 5Planting of species along waterways for erosion control 5Rainwater collection minimizes off-site stormwater 5Landscaped to encourage habitat diversity; planting of 40,000 diverse species to re-establish forest succession 530% water use reduction; toilets flushed with collected rainwater 5Optimization of energy efficiency to 40% better than ASHRAE 90.1-1999 code requirements 5Provision of south-facing sun space with concrete slab to store heat in winter and function as a heat sink in summer 5Operable windows with outdoor sensor that turn on a light when the temperature and humidity are conducive to opening the windows 5PV panels integrated on clerestory roofs; the 50 kW system produces approximately 14,000 kW/hr over the course of a year 5Electric light dimming system with photocell sensors 5Night purge ventilation to introduce cool air in spring and fall 5Waste management plan diverted 84% of construction debris from landfill 5Salvaged materials (heavy timbers and local stone) (20%) 5Recycled content (more than 20%) 5Preference given to locally harvested and manufactured products and materials (16%) 5Rapidly renewable linoleum 1 Elementary school School 1_Elementary and cork floor finish and Forbo tack boards (5%) 5Rediscovered structural wood framing from within 500 mile radius; all other wood reclaimed, rediscovered or certified 5CO2 monitoring 2_High School 2 High school 3_Replaced School 3 VOC Replaced middleMiddle school paints, adhesives and sealants5Non-toxic cleaning products 5Low4_Playing Fields 2 4 Playing fields 6 Bus barn 5_Parking 5 Parking 6_Bus Barn 1 20 The Sustainable School 2 1 Site plan 2 Southwest elevation and playground 3 Southwest entry and cafeteria terrace 4 Northeast entry and library 3 The Willow School 3 4 Aspen Middle School 21 21 Design Leadership 16 PLANETA design pré-requiSitoS de uma eSCola verde Nos últimos 35 anos, o arquiteto norte-americano Alan Ford idealizou mais de cem projetos de instituições de ensino com design sustentável. Ele elaborou uma lista de pontos fundamentais para que uma escola possa ser considerada verde: • bom uso de recursos naturais locais; • utilização de material durável e ecologicamente correto; • boa iluminação natural, acústica adequada e boa qualidade do ar nos ambientes internos; • eficiência energética; • conservação dos recursos naturais; • redução da sobra de resíduos, tanto na construção quanto nas atividades diárias da escola; • ensino e promoção da consciência ambiental; • por fim, nesses ambientes, deve prevalecer uma arquitetura inspirada. “Se você cria um lugar que as pessoas valorizam e que enriquece suas vidas, naturalmente, elas vão se esforçar para preservá-lo”, ensina Ford. Na opinião do arquiteto Alan Ford, para conceber projetos sustentáveis, é fundamental ter conhecimento sobre o clima e o meio ambiente. “O primeiro passo deve ser respon- Brazilian Magazine Feature on y Sustainabilit der a perguntas como: Qual é o ecossistema local? Quais são as médias de temperatura e níveis de umidade? Como é a incidência da luz solar? Que recursos naturais estão disponíveis na região?”, ensina ele. “Uma escola lisa Ford. Para o arquiteto, essas estratégias gia de montagem rápida e de baixo custo máticas e na integração com a natureza que elevadas para o segundo andar, onde grandes váveis e melhorar a biodiversidade do campus, podem incluir ações simples, como a maxi- para pequenos prédios e edifícios energeti- o escritório francês Tectoniques planejou as plátanos criam uma atmosfera acolhedora e entre outras conquistas. mização do uso da ventilação natural e da luz camente eficientes e ecologicamente cor- escolas de Rillieux-la-Pape, próximo a Lyon, e agem como reguladores do clima. Em 2013, a escola foi, dessa vez, premiada do dia. “O futuro da sustentabilidade pode es- retos. “Frog é um anacronismo para Flexible tar em pesquisas como o biomimetismo, que Response to Ongoing Growth [Resposta Fle- “Uma escola verde no Brasil será completamente diferente de uma no Canadá”, diz o arquiteto Alan Ford estuda ecossistemas para traduzir a natureza xível ao Crescimento Contínuo]”, explica Ni- -los para espaços saudáveis e inspiradores.” altamente eficiente e regenerativa do meio kki Chang, diretora de Marketing da compa- Os chamados edifícios Frog são erguidos ambiente em soluções de design.” nhia. Com sede em São Francisco, a empresa com material sustentável pré-fabricado, o que já construiu e modernizou diversas institui- praticamente elimina resíduos na fase da cons- ções de ensino na Califórnia. “Estamos aju- trução e diminui consideravelmente o prazo dando muitas escolas na missão de tirar os de duração da obra. Em pouquíssimo tem- alunos de salas de aula deterioradas e inseri- po, a escola está pronta para ser frequentada. verde no Brasil será completamente diferente o uso das formas da madeira, resultando em de uma no Canadá, por exemplo.” um projeto simples e original. Sintonia Com o verde de Nîmes, perto de Montpellier. Na primeira, Longe dali, na Austrália, está outro exem- pelo design do Centro de Meditação e Cultu- telhados verdes e jardins contornam o prédio plo de integração com o entorno. Eleita, em ra indígena, um dos edifícios do complexo. A e compõem a arquitetura com o relevo mon- 2012, a instituição Educacional Mais Susten- construção, projetada pela dwp|suters, foi con- tanhoso. Na segunda, as salas de aula foram tável do Mundo pela premiação international siderada 100% sustentável e renovável. Erguido Green Awards de Londres, o Bentleigh Secon- com madeira reciclada, o centro faz a captura dary College, em Melbourne, conseguiu tornar de carbono e utiliza o sistema geotérmico, que mais eficiente o uso da água potável, reduzir a envolve a troca de calor com o subsolo. Os jura- dependência em fontes de energia não reno- dos do concurso ficaram impressionados com No alto, o complexo esportivo do Fontys Sport College, na Holanda: as amplas janelas envidraçadas favorecem a iluminação natural e a integração com a área externa. Embaixo, o interior da construção, com ambientes clean e iluminação solar foto CHRiSTiAN RiCHTERS | DivULGAçãO Foi justamente pensando nas questões cli- Saúde e inSpiração Com a ambição de revolucionar a cons- “Temos percebido que as abordagens me- trução civil tradicional, a Project Frog, nos nos tecnológicas têm muito a oferecer”, ana- Estados Unidos, desenvolveu uma tecnolo- Assinada pelo escritório Tectoniques, a arquitetura da École Maternelle Jean Carrière, em Nîmes, no sul da França, respeita o clima da região, com soluções que agem como reguladoras de clima, como a elevação das salas de aula para o segundo andar rd Alan Fo o-Chair Program C House Bill SB11-173 Schools Interoperable Communications for K-12 May 2011 Signed by Colorado Gov. Hickenlooper ty as an Architect Alan Ford testifies on School Safe oting prom e mitte Com Expert and Advisor on the ols in Scho K-12 for ns icatio mun Interoperable Com Colorado Alan Ford Program Co-C hair Design Leadership Selection of Contributed Articles by Alan Ford • TrailerWrap: A Study in Creating the Habitable Mobile Home, by Alan Ford • The Colorado Fellows Book: A Case Study, by Alan Ford • University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus visual tour, by Alan Ford • Chronicles of the LAUSD School Modernization Program • Structural Poetry: On the Interaction of Architects and Structural Engineers • Stanley Tigerman and Chicago’s Pacific Garden Mission Alan Ford, Former Subject Matter Expert for Design Content National AIA Soloso (now Architect’s Knowledge Resource) website for 80,000+ Members Chronicles of the LAUSD School Modernization Program By Alan B. Ford, AIA In the April 1, 2008 issue of Architect Magazine, writer Elizabeth Evitts Dickinson in her article “L.A.’s Learning Curve” addresses the question: How does one school district build 132 new schools – and update some 800 more – without sacrificing design quality? Dickinson’s article chronicles the Los Angeles Unified School District’s (LAUSD) undertaking of a school modernization and construction initiative, which began in 1997, that ultimately became the largest public infrastructure project in the United States... UCD Anschutz Medical Campus Visual Tour By Alan Ford, AIA ...The architectural language of the campus is governed by design guidelines that define a series of distinct quadrangles around which the campus is organized: the research quadrangle is characterized by a contemporary glass and metal aesthetic; the education quadrangle utilizes brick expressed in a contemporary manner; and the core quadrangle, located on the central axis of the campus and anchored by the 500 Main Building, takes on a more eclectic, referential quality... • Timeless Architecture • I.M. Pei in Colorado TrailerWrap: A Study in Creating the Habitable Mobile Home By Alan Ford, AIA • John Anderson (Colorado Architect) • Review: Inhabitat.com • Review: Archinect Connecting Architecture According to the 2006 American Community Survey (US Census) figures, more than eighteen million people across the United States live in mobile homes. Based on the numbers alone, there is an obvious need for this relatively affordable medium-density housing type. The lightweight homes are designed and built for mobility and cost efficiency. Despite their “mobile” intent, the majority of these homes rarely see the open road... Acknowledging the more permanent nature of this housing type and the magnitude of the unmet need, a group of professors and students at the University of Colorado College of Architecture and Planning set out to create a new prototype for the mobile home with livability and sustainability in mind. The completed award-winning project is titled “TrailerWrap...” • Review: LebbeusWoods. net • Review: Video: High Performance Building Perspective and Practice... Stanley Tigerman and Chicago’s Pacific Garden Mission By Alan B. Ford, AIA In the March 1, 2008 issue of Architect Magazine, the article “Home to a Thousand Souls” by Vernon Mays features Stanley Tigerman’s design concept behind the newly relocated Chicago homeless shelter, Pacific Garden Mission. Tigerman McCurry Architects and its team of engineers and consultants created a low budget, highly functional, environmentally-friendly refuge for individuals who are homeless that blends into its raw industrial surroundings...