the LBA experience in regional training

Sustainable Management of
Amazonia Based on a Better
Understanding of its
Ecosystems – the LBA
experience in regional
training and education
Flávio J. Luizão (INPA/LBA Office),
Tatiana Sá, Mercedes Bustamante, Regina
Luizão, Maria Tereza Piedade e Erika
Schloemp
LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment)
•Interdisciplinary research: Amazon & global climate
system - Scientific basis for sustainable use of Amazon
•Build scientific capacity in Brazil
•Stronger research institutions
•Education and training – Environmental science
•Community outreach and training
Isoprene emissions Æ CCN production in Amazonia
Isoprene (gas)
2-methilthertiol (particles)
Land use and land cover change in Amazonia
1986
1992
1996
Source: IPAM & INPE
DISTINCT MECHANISMS OF RAIN FORMATION IN AMAZONIA
CLEAN ATMOSPHERE
PHOTOXIDATION
CCNs
+
H2O
VAPOR
POLUTTED ATMOSPHERE
WARM
LOW LEVEL
CLOUDS
VOCs
TROPICAL
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
26%
Heavy but Gentle
Rainfall
INTERCEPTION
15%
based on Claeys et al Science 2004
LBA Infrastructure
offices
laboratories
instruments
towers
research
camps
vehicles
Site with pastures and
second growth (ZF 3 road – BDFFP)
Site with intact forest
(ZF 2 road LBA Project)
1st order stream (1.2 km2)
1st order stream (1.5 km2)
1st order stream (1.2 Km2)
2nd order stream (6.6 Km2)
2nd order stream (6.1 km2)
3rd order stream (12.7 km2)
Main research subjects (PPG7 & WOTRO/LBA Projects):
- Increases in carbon and nutrient concentrations of stream
water in intact forest and after deforestation = losses of C
and nutrients from terrestrial system
Training at field........
… class and Lab
Practical training
Training by RAINFOR scientists
New Courses Created and/or Supported by LBA in
the Brazilian Amazonia
• 3 Undergraduate courses
Environmental Engeenering - UNIR, campus Ji-Paraná, RO
Environmental Physics – UFPA, campus Santarém
Meteorology – UEA/Faculty of Technology, Manaus, AM
4 Post-graduate courses
•Regional Development & Environment - UNIR, Porto Velho
•Environmental Physics (MSc. & PhD) – UF Mato Grosso
•Environmental Science – UF Para/MPE Goeldi/Embrapa
•Climate and Environment (MSc. & PhD) - UEA/INPA
Formal Courses
LBA STUDENTS and FELLOWSHIPS
(cumulative 1998- 2007)
Students and Fellowships
Masters: > 280
PhD: > 220
Other: > 400
Total: > 900 (different levels)
LBA T & E Committee
RHAE LBA Fellowhips – what do they say now?
Fellowship ACRE
From: "Eliete dos Santos Sousa" <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 09 Apr 2007 14:26:04 -0500
Sou bióloga e durante três anos da graduação estive envolvida com a pesquisa, estudando
ecologia de peixes. Após minha formação, ingressei no Projeto LBA, e fui contemplado com
uma Bolsa RHAE, e optei por outro ramo da pesquisa, a hidrobiogeoquímica, estudando a
ciclagem de carbono em ecossistemas fluviais da Amazônia. Hoje, sou aluna de mestrado
do Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Ciências Ambientais (UFPA/MPEG/EMBRAPA), e
continuo a desenvolver pesquisa relacionada a ciclagem de carbono e, com certeza, o
perído em fui bolsista RHAE fui muito importante, pois o aprendizado aquirido foi a base
desta conquista.
Fellowship BELEM
Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2007 09:38:50 -0300 (ART)
From: Ludmila Silva <[email protected]>
No momento estou fazendo o curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais na
Universidade Federal do Pará. A bolsa RHAE significou bastante para meu desempenho
pessoal, profissional e, principalmente, científico.
Fellowships RHAE LBA
Fellowship TOCANTINS
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2005 15:23:24 -0300 (ART)
From: Kleyton Sudário <[email protected]>
Olá a todos do Comitê de Treinamento & Educação LBA,
Bom, não sei nem como agradecer pela oportunidade concedida pela bolsa é uma
pena que esteja no fim, seria ótimo poder dar continuidade nas pesquisas aqui no
Tocantins ou em outro lugar. No geral foi muito proveitoso ter trabalhado como
bolsista do projeto LBA. Até breve a todos!
Fellowship ACRE
Date: Tue, 10 Apr 2007 11:24:47 -0300 (ART)
From: Flavio Obermuller <[email protected]>
Hoje estou cursando o Mestrado em Ecologia e Manejo dos Recursos Naturais da
Universidade Federal do Acre, desenvolvendo a tese com o título Ecologia de
Epífitas Colaterais ao Manejo de Três Espécies Madeireiras, no PAE Porto Dias
município de Acrelândia, Acre. Além da dissertação, venho participando das
atividades e pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia
Vegetal da UFAC.
Apesar do pouco tempo de bolsa RHAE, essa foi muito importante para a minha
empreitada científica na Amazônia, porque me deu a primeira oportunidade na regio
norte, me dando uma visão do cenário científico local, além disso com essa bolsa
pude investir no ingresso do mestrado, que está sendo de grande importância para
minha formação científica.
Where are the students trained in LBA?
(sample, n=137)
9%
24%
NGO staff
7%
Post-Doc fellowship
PhD student
17%
12%
Master student
Public servant at
provinces or towns
Teacher
14%
LBA T & E Committee
17%
Other research fellowship
Remaining problems:
1. For many, lacking final part of training a scientist
2. Working (formal) positions for qualified students
Lack of proper scholarships allocated to LBA Program for
involving good MSc. and PhD. Students in advanced training
in connection with the Syntesis & Integration phase Æ joint
data analysis, interpretation & writing good papers
NO hiring calls at the official
(and too few) research
institutions in the Brazilian
Amazon for keeping this new
generation of young wellqualified scientists
T & E Challenges at LBA
I. Science News & Highlights
1. Trabalhos científicos baseados em pesquisas LBA, desenvolvidos pelo
doutorando Cassiano D´Almeida, foram publicados nas revistas J. of
Hydrology e International J. of Climatology. 17/04/2007
2. Pesquisadores LBA, liderados pelo pesquisador Marcos Heil Costa da
UFV, publicam pesquisa sobre os efeitos do plantio de soja sobre a
floresta amazônica. 20/04/2007
3. Mini-curso "Dimensões Humanas do Uso e Cobertura das Terras na
Amazônia - Uma Contribução do LBA" será ministrado em Belém-PA em
maio. 14/03/2007
II. Working
positions & fellowships opportunities
1. CNPq abre inscrições para prêmio em Iniciação Científica. 20/04/2007
2. Volunteer Field Assistant- Tropical Forest Ecology. 16/04/2007
Fonte atualizada sobre ciência e oportunidades para jovens cientistas
How to make the LBA Science reach the Society?
1. Helping directly to improve formal education
2. Working directly with farmers/producers on
sustainable alternatives
3. Interacting with decision-makers and others in
society
T&E Committee
14 LBA Booklets in production (teaching tools):
- Climate and Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions
- Global Warming and Climate Change
- Biogeochemical Cycles in Amazonia - - Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles as Affected by
Land Use Change in Cerrado
- Dynamics of Secondary Vegetation in Amazonia
- Brazil’s Perceptions of Amazonia in the 90s
- Applications of Remote Sensing to the Study of
Amazonian Patterns and Processes
T&E Committee
Multi-strata AFS (several fruit trees + valuable
timber species (including 13-yr-old Mahogany)
Protein, micronutrients, fibre, vitamins
Agrosilvicultural System
Columbrina
Pupunha
Açaí
Alternatives to slash & burn agriculture for smallholders
Embrapa - NE Pará and Manaus
Fire reduction or exclusion
Non-burning land preparation
¼biomass cut-chopping Æ
mulching Æ cropping
MAP - Geographic and Demographic Contexts
Meeting on Land Use and Global Change
– Universities of southwestern Amazonia
06/99 Rio Branco, Brazil
Workshop on Strategic Environmental
Analysis 04/01 Puerto Maldonado,
Peru - MAP II
Workshop on Land Use
12/00 Rio Branco – MAP I
MAP III – Cobija, Bolivia 09/03
To know and to participate: 160 in
environmental conservation session alone
160 participants
To Know and to Participate: 300 in Public Policy Session
T
Results of 8 Mini-MAPs of 2003 for
MAP IV
1. MAP Timber (research, timber companies,
enforcement agencies) LBA Research
2. MAP Trinational Basin of Upper Acre River
LBA Research
3. MAP Basic Education LBA extension
4. MAP Indigenous peoples
5. MAP ‘Campesino’
6. MAP Brazil Nut Production
7. MAP Agrarian Control
8. MAP University Students
•
Participants of about 50 persons e 10 institutions per
Mini-MAP
•
New ideas: Ecosystem Health in the MAP region
LBA Research
Joint Research led to the desire of IBAMA (Brazil), INRENA (Peru),
and the Forestry Superintendency (Bolivia) to work together for
joint enforcement. In June 2003, Elsa Mendoza coordinated a
Mini-MAP on enforcement to reduce illegal logging.
Politicians
Researchers
Labor Leaders
Timber businessmen
Request from regional school
systems in MAP region
• LBA – Material on Global Change, Use of
Natural Resources, Human Rights
• Six municipalities
– Three Brazilian, two Bolivian, one Peruvian
• 27 schools: 5 urban, 22 rural
• First phase: 90 teachers, 3,000 students
• Needs
– financing ($70,000/yr, four years)
– Material from LBA Science in two languages!
http://lba.inpa.gov.br/lba
IV LBA Science Conference
Manaus, AM, Brazil 17-20 November 2008
Registration open
Thanks!