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S0
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0
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100 m
Ð
CW
25 Hz
3
30 m
c = 1500 m/s
150 m
Ñρ1 = 1 g/cm3
1
Source
Pressure receivers
Ï
Òc = 1700 m/s
Ñρ2 = 1.5 g/cm3
2.86°
200
m
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β2 = 0.5 dB/λ
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ñpò–óÀñ
4 km
ôõö÷õøùöú"ø{û&ü(ýHþ]ÿ
a)
40
F = 25.0 Hz
SD= 100 m
RD= 30 m
50
Loss (dB)
60
70
80
COUPLE
C-SNAP
90
b)
40
F = 25.0 Hz
SD= 100 m
RD= 150 m
50
Loss (dB)
60
70
80
COUPLE
C-SNAP
90 0
1
2
3
4
Range (km)
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0
4 km
0
x
100 Hz source
50 m
tc = 1500 m/s
ρ = 1 g/cm3
100
m
tc = 1700 m/s
~12.7°
ρ = 2 g/cm3
1000 m
β = 0.5 dB/λ
z
uvwxyzG{?|
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F
= 100.0 Hz
= 4.0 km
SD = 50.0 m
žR
Depth (m)
250
š
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500
750
COUPLE
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1000
œ
60
50

40
30
20
10
Loss (dB)
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RD = 50.0 m
20
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30
40
50
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60
1
0
2
3
4
Range (km)
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100
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β = 0.1 dB/λ
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JK:Gde7@%?Jf<>67Bg7K:D9E?DFGh<IHJC?8L%Mi7%9j=QGR5K:B%7ST
k_lemk
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~60
F = 50.0 Hz
SD= 100 m
RD= 300 m
IFDPE
C-SNAP
70
Loss (dB)
80
€90
100
110
120
0
‚40
80
120
160
ƒ200
Range (km)
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2
èéäêÝëÚãÓÝäÙÛÚÜÓKà×fØìÙîí|ÔÓ_Úðïà©ÚðïÓKààñÚHà¢ÙÛÚòÞ×ÙHàÙ
ó_ôeõó
ö÷øù÷úûøüúvýþÿ
Read environmental description
and desired computational output.
Define number and location of interfaces between
the range independent segments used to
approximate the range-dependent environment.
A
current segment = first segment
B
Compute the eigenvalues for the
environment in the current segment.
Compute on a mode by mode basis the eigenfunctions,
the decay constants, the excitation coefficients and the
pressure field over depth at the interface with next segment.
Compute p(r,z) at all desired points
falling within the current segment.
Are there more segments ?
YES
current segment = next segment
!"#
%$'&
$(#*),+.-/,01325476
8:9<;=8
NO
Produce output
and terminate.
>3?A@B?ACDA@EFCHGIKJML"N%O
$
FOR
MAIN, ACCRCY, BLKDAT, BRENT, CHARAC, CHKOPT, COMPUTE, CONDRC, CONVRG, CZS, DEFSD, EIGVEC, EVALCM,FILE, FNDVEC, FIRSTP, GET_HDR, GETIME, GETONE, INIT, INPUT, IPULSE, ISITAN, ISOBR, ISOINT, JOIN, LAGCMP, LAGRANGE, MDIAG, MESHES, MODE, MODES, MODHDR, MODPRT, NEWENV, NEWMOD, NEWPRO, NEWTON, NRM122, NRM142, OUTPL, OUTSUM, PEKRT, PLEFT, PLEFTR, PLEFTS, PLTFILE, PORTER, PROFL, PROFL_RI, PROF_EQV, PROF_INT, RDALFA, RDIV, RDNUMB, RDSD, REFL1, RETRV, REVISE, RFFORM, START, STATIST, STURM, TLCPLE, TLDEP_CP, VELOCITY, WEIGHT, ZSMPL
$ libr/create/in
C-SNAP ACCRCY, BLKDAT, BRENT, CHARAC, CHKOPT, COMPUTE, CONDRC, CONVRG, CZS, DEFSD, EIGVEC, EVALCM,FILE, FNDVEC, FIRSTP, GET_HDR, GETIME, GETONE, INIT, INPUT, IPULSE, ISITAN, ISOBR, ISOINT, JOIN, LAGCMP, LAGRANGE, MDIAG, MESHES, MODE, MODES, MODHDR, MODPRT, NEWENV, NEWMOD, NEWPRO, NEWTON, NRM122, NRM142, OUTPL, OUTSUM, PEKRT, PLEFT, PLEFTR, PLEFTS, PLTFILE, PORTER, PROFL, PROFL_RI, PROF_EQV, PROF_INT, RDALFA, RDIV, RDNUMB, RDSD, REFL1, RETRV, REVISE, RFFORM, START, STATIST, STURM, TLCPLE, TLDEP_CP, VELOCITY, WEIGHT, ZSMPL
$!
$ LINK/EXE=C-SNAP
MAIN, C-SNAP/LIB
N.B.: At compilation time the following (INCLUDE) files must also be available:
PARAM.INC, ACOMMON.INC, BCOMMON.INC, COMMON.INC.
PQ
RSTUWVYX
Z\[(]_^(`(aAb,Z_c_dfehg#ijKjlknmporqst=uMivginjxwzy
stKkmo:s{y|m'}n~
€z5
‚3ƒA„…ƒA†‡A„ˆF†Š‰‹KŒŽ
$
$ COPY
’P1’.DAT
$!
$ RUN C-SNAP
$!
$ RENAME C-SNAP.PLP
$ RENAME C-SNAP.PLT
$ RENAME C-SNAP.CDR
$ RENAME C-SNAP.BDR
$ RENAME C-SNAP.PRT
$!!!!
$ @PLOT ’P1’
$ @CONTUR ’P1’
C-SNAP.DAT
’P1’.PLP
’P1’.PLT
’P1’.CDR
’P1’.BDR
’P1’.PRT
NOTE : The commands "PLOT" and "CONTUR"
will chain the execution of the plotting packages.
‘
’“”•–K—
˜(™(š_›(œ\ž,˜(Ÿ_ ¢¡¢£#¤¥K¥l¦n§p¨r©3ª¬«A­¤®.®%¯(§'§'°§(±v²
³(«Y£#¤"¨<«´
µ:¶<·=µ
¸3¹Aº»¹A¼½Aº¾F¼H¿ÀKÁMÂ"Ã%Ä
WEDGE-SHAPED WAVEGUIDE
1
25.
1
90
90
100, 0
200. 0.
0.
0.
0. 1500.
200. 1500.
3800. 1.5 0.5
0. 1700.
3800. 1700.
1.5 0.500
1.0E10
0. 0.
0.0
0. 0.
4.0
4000.0
1.5 0.5
0.
1700.
4000.00 1700.
1.5 0.500
1.0E10
0. 0.
NMESH 1
OPTMZ
TLRAN,COH,PLT
XAXIS 0., 4., 12., 1.
YAXIS 40. 90. 7.5 10.
0. 4. 0.005
100. 30.
100. 150.
CONDR,COH,COL
XAXIS O
4
16
1
YAXIS 0 300
10
50
ZAXIS 40
67
3
0
4 0.02
100.
@EOF
ÅÆ
ÇÈÉÊWË*Ì
Í#Î<ÏzÐ\ÑÓÒÐ\ÎÕÔÑÖÒ×#ØnÙÛÚ%ÜÒ*Ý#ØÔ%×KÞ\ß
àá_á=à
6
! REG
1
0
!
2
REG
â3ãAäåãAæçAäèFæŠéêKëìíî
DOWNSLOPE WEDGE, 12.7 degrees, IMPEDANCE MATCHING
1
100.
1
6
160
10, 0
100. 0.
0.
0.
7
0. 1500.
100. 1500.
3900.0
2.0 0.500
0. 1700.
3900. 1700.
2.0 0.500
1.0E10
0. 0.
1000. 0.
0.
4.
0
0. 1500.
1000. 1500.
3000. 2.0 0.500
0. 1700.
3000. 1700.
2.0 0.500
1.0E10
0. 0.
!OPTMZ
NMESH 1
PLANE
TLDEP,COH,PLT
XAXIS 10 60 16 10
YAXIS 0
1000 10 250
4. 4.
0.
50
TLRAN,COH,PLT
XAXIS 0., 4., 16., 1.0
YAXIS 10
60 10 10
0.
4.0 0.004
50. 50.
@EOF
ïð
ñòóôõKö
÷ùø<ú'û(üÓý%û(øÿþ#ü
ýý
þ
!
REG
1
!
REG
2
"!#$&%(')
DEEP WATER PROPAGATION OVER A SEAMOUNT, REDUCED PRESSURE MATCHING
1
50
1 62 100
100 0
5000.0 0.0
0.0
0
-1
! Profile
0.0, 1536.00
200.0, 1528.00
700.0, 1502.00
800.0, 1500.00
1200.0, 1497.00
1500.0, 1497.00
2000.0, 1500.00
3000.0, 1512.00
4000.0, 1528.00
5000.0, 1545.00
0.
1.0, 0.1, 2000.0
0.0 0.0
5000.0 0.0
0.0
80
5
! Profile
0.0, 1536.00
200.0, 1528.00
700.0, 1502.00
800.0, 1500.00
1200.0, 1497.00
1500.0, 1497.00
2000.0, 1500.00
3000.0, 1512.00
4000.0, 1528.00
5000.0, 1545.00
0.
1.0, 0.1, 2000.0
0.0
0.0
4000.0 0.0
0.0
100
5
! Profile
0.0, 1536.00
200.0, 1528.00
700.0, 1502.00
800.0, 1500.00
1200.0, 1497.00
1500.0, 1497.00
2000.0, 1500.00
3000.0, 1512.00
4000.0, 1528.00
0.
1.0, 0.1, 2000.0
0.0
0.0
5000.0, 0.0
0.0
120.
0
! Profile
0.0, 1536.00
*+-,./02143
5687:9<;>=?9<6A@B;C=BDEGFIHJ=
KE@DL<M
NPORQN
1
2
3
4
STUVTWXUY W[Z\]_^a`?b
200.0, 1528.00
700.0, 1502.00
800.0, 1500.00
1200.0, 1497.00
1500.0, 1497.00
2000.0, 1500.00
3000.0, 1512.00
4000.0, 1528.00
5000.0, 1545.00
0.
1.0, 0.1, 2000.0
0.0 0.0
!LARGE
MATCH
2
NMESH
1
OPTMZ
TLRAN,COH,PLT
XAXIS 0, 200, 16,
YAXIS 60, 120, 10,
0
200 0.1
100. 300
CONDR,COH,COL
XAXIS 0, 200, 20,
YAXIS 0
5000
8
ZAXIS 76 100 2 0
0
200 0.8
100.
40
10
40
2500
NOTE : NMESH is set to 1 to favour execution time.
Accuracy on wavenumbers is usually very good for
low order modes even when obtained as the solution
from a single mesh only.
The use in this problem of the waterborne modes only
favours this solution.
cd-efghjiPk
lmGnpoCqrnpsptoCq-mnumwv>xyq{zGs}|B~€‚Rƒ
„…8†„
”
‡ˆ‰Šˆ‹Œ‰ ‹"Ž&‘(’“
•–•˜—š™œ›ž Ÿ
¡
¢¤£¦¥§¥©¨ª «­¬®°¯±²>³>´µ·¶w¸¦¹¦£»ºp¼
½P¾R¿½
ÀÁÂÃÁÄÅÂÆ Ä[ÇÈÉ_ÊaË?Ì
PARAMETER
TITLE
NF
F(1) .... F(NF)
MIN, MAX, MPROP
MSP, ERMAX
H0, S0, S1, RB, N2
Z0(1), C0(1)
EXPLANATION
UNIT
LIMIT
Text on plots
-
≤ 80 chars
Number of source frequencies
-
≤ 100
Hz
>0
Source frequencies
MIN
: Lowest order mode in the source field
MAX
: Highest order mode in the source field
MPROP : Highest order mode in the propagating field
≥ 1
≤ 500
≤ 500
MSP : Number controlling the vertical grid size required
to represent the acoustic field over depth. It applies to
the output options CONDR and TLDEP only.
ERMAX : Accuracy criterion on wavenumbers.
≤ 500
km
≥ 0
m
m
m
km
≥ 0
≥ 0
≥ 0
≥ 0
< 13
Z0(1) : First sound-speed profile depth (= 0 )
C0(1) : First sound speed value in water
m
m/s
-
Z0(M) : Last sound-speed depth (= H0)
C0(M) : Last sound speed value in water
m
m/s
M ≤ 100
m
3
g/cm
dB/λ
≥ 0
>0
≥ 0
H0
S0
S1
RB
N2
: Water depth
: RMS roughness of sea surface
: RMS roughness of sea bottom
: Range at the beginning of the profile
: Controls the number of range subdivisions
.
.
.
Z0(M), C0(M)
H1, R1, B1
H1 : Thickness of sediment layer
R1 : Density of sediment
B1 : Compressional wave attenuation in sediment
Z1(1), C1(1)
Z1(1) : First sound-speed depth (= 0 )
C1(1) : First sound-speed value in sediment
x
-
.
.
.
Z1(N), C1(N)
Z1(N) : Last sound-speed depth (= H1)
C1(N) : Last sound-speed value in sediment
R2, B2, C2
R2 : Density of subbottom
B2 : Compressional wave attenuation in subbottom
C2 : Compressional speed in subbottom
B2S, C2S
B2S : Shear wave attenuation in subbottom
C2S : Shear speed in subbottom
(1) 0 ≤ B2S ≤ 0.75 * B2 * ( C2 / C2S ) **2
(2) 0 ≤ C2S << C1(H1)
⊗ : This set of parameters must be repeated for all profiles.
ÍÎ-ÏÐÑÒ2ÓÔ
ÕpÖ}×4×ÙØÚ?ÛÜw݀Þßwàáâ¦ãåäæpç(èrÚÜæp×Ùäæ:é&ØRêëèræ8ì:Ö}é-í
îï8ðî
m
m/s
N ≤ 100
-
g/cm
dB/λ
m/s
3
>0
≥ 0
>0
dB/λ
m/s
(1)
(2)
ñòóôòõöó÷ õ"øùú&û(üý
CODE WORD
EXPLANATION
IMESH arg
By default the mode coefficients are computed with the mode amplitudes
obtained on the first mesh. This is a sufficiently robust criterion for a large class
of cases, as the accuracy of the mode amplitude is less sensistive to the number
of mesh points than the wavenumbers are. To get maximum accuracy at the cost
of increased execution time IMESH can be set as high as NMESH.
LARGE
By default, the print-out of the environmental properties, the wave number and
the associated attenuation coefficients is produced for the input profiles only. The
specification of this code word extends the print-out to cover every profile,
including those eventually generated through interpolation ( N2 > 0 ).
NMESH arg
Number of subsequent meshes used to refine the wavenumbers. To get a
reasonable balance between execution time and accuracy the default choice for
NMESH is 1, as in most cases the solution obtained from a single mesh is
already sufficiently accurate. A good choice for higher accuracy is "NMESH 4".
The ratio between the number of mesh points in any two consecutive meshes is
roughly 1/3. Consequently, a ratio of 2 will exist between the first and fourth
mesh.
NOCYL
The effect of cylindrical spreading is not included in the pressure field.
NOLOS
The pressure field will be obtained without any form of attenuation. The
imaginary part of the wavenumber is set to 0 for all modes.
NOVOL
The effect of volume attenuation is not included in the pressure field.
NSMPL arg
In any environment, the initial number of mesh points used for solving the wave
equation is automatically determined by the expression:
Points_in_first_mesh= NSMPL* (Max_number_of_existing_modes)
The default value for NSMPL is 8. A larger number may be required in very
special cases.
OPTMZ
This code word may be used to limit the maximum number of modes
which are propagated out in range. The criterion consists in removing,
starting from the highest order mode, all the modes that cumulatively
contribute for a minor fraction only of the total field, namely at a level
corresponding to the round off error of the numerical scheme. The
advantage is a speed up of the code.
PLANE
Computation will be made in plane geometry. The default choice is cylindrical
geometry.
MATCH arg
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1 : pressure matching at coupling interfaces.
2 : reduced-pressure matching.
3 : impedance matching ( Default choice ).
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OUTPUT OPTION
EXPLANATION
CONDR
Contoured transmission loss versus depth and range
MODES
Individual mode functions versus depth
PROFL
Sound speed versus depth and range
TLDEP
Transmission loss versus depth
TLRAN
Transmission loss versus range
CALCULATION TYPE
EXPLANATION
Coherent addition of modes
COH
Incoherent addition of modes
INC
OUTPUT TYPE
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CONDR
EXPLANATION
COL
Colour contour plots through UNIRAS software
PLT
Plotted output ( line contour plot for option CONDR )
PRT
Printed output
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COH
INC
COL
PLT
Y ES
YES
YES
YES
MODES
YES
PROFL
YES
PRT
YES
TLDEP
YES
YES
YES
YES
TLRAN
YES
YES
YES
YES
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CODE WORD
SAXIS s1, s2, s3, s4
XAXIS x1, x2, x3, x4, x5
YAXIS y1, y2, y3, y4
ZAXIS z1, z2, z3, z4
EXPLANATION
Sound speed axis :
s1 : sound speed minimum
s2 sound speed maximum
s3 : axis length
s4 : tickmark spacing
Horizontal axis
x1 : lowest data value
x2 : highest data value
x3 : axis length
x4 : tickmark spacing
x5: number of data points in smoothing
window (2)
Vertical axis
y1 : lowest data value
y2 : highest data value
y3 : axis length
y4 : tickmark spacing
Loss values
z1 : minimum contour level
z2 : maximum contour level
z3 : level increment
z4 : number of smoothings
Unit Default
m/s
m/s
cm
m/s
1450
1650
3
25
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
dB
dB
dB
-
60
110
5
0
(1) In this case units and default values are dependent on the particular output option
they refer to. They are given in Figures C6a,b,c and d.
(2) Applicable to option TLRAN only.
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Input Parameter
CONDR,OP1,OP2, etc
Explanation
Unit
Default
OP1, OP2, etc...(1) :
any allowed choice from Figure C4
Range axis
x1 range minimum
x2 range maximum
x3 axis length
x4 tickmark spacing
km
rmin
km
rmax
cm
16
km (rmax-rmin)/5
Depth axis
y1 depth minimum
y2 depth maximum
y3 axis length
y4 tickmark spacing
m
m
cm
m
0
Hmax (2)
10
Hmax/5
Loss values
z1 loss minimum
z2 loss maximum
z3 loss increment
z4 number of smoothings
dB
dB
dB
60
110
5
0
rmin, rmax, delr
rmin : min range for loss calculation
rmax : max range for loss calculation
delr : range increment
km
km
km
sd(1)
sd(2)
.
.
sd(n)
sd(1) : first source depth
sd(2) : second source depth
.
,
sd(n) : nth source depth (3)
m
m
XAXIS x1, x2, x3, x4
YAXIS y1, y2, y3, y4
ZAXIS z1, z2, z3, z4
m
(1) At least one calculation type ( COH, INC) must be specified.
(2) Maximum water depth from the entire environmental input.
(3) The maximum number of allowed source depth in a single run is 10.
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Input Parameter
MODES,OP1,OP2
XAXIS x1, x2, x3, x4
YAXIS y1, y2, y3, y4
Explanation
Unit
Default
Mode Amplitude axis
x1 lowest data value
x2 highest data value
x3 axis length ( accomodates 6 modes )
x4 tickmark spacing
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
-0.2
0.2
16
0.2
Depth axis
y1 depth minimum
y2 depth maximum
y3 axis length
y4 tickmark spacing
m
m
cm
m
0
H0 (3)
10
H0 / 5
OP1, OP2, (1)
any allowed choice from Figure C4
(1) At least one output type ( PLT, PRT ) must be specified.
2
(2) SQRT( m / kg )
(3) Water depth at the origin.
NOTE : Printing and/or plotting for this option will be performed ONLY for the mode set in
the source field.
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Input Parameter
PROFL,PLT
Explanation
Unit
Default
Range axis
x1 range minimum
x2 range maximum
x3 axis length
x4 tickmark spacing
km
km
cm
km
0
RB (1)
16
RB / 5
Depth axis
y1 depth minimum
y2 depth maximum
y3 axis length
y4 tickmark spacing
m
m
cm
m
0
Hmax (2)
10
Hmax / 5
Sound speed axis
s1 sound speed minimum
s2 sound speed maximum
s3 axis length
s4 ticmark spacing
m/s
m/s
cm
m/s
1450
1550
3
20
The only output type is PLT
XAXIS x1, x2, x3, x4
YAXIS y1, y2, y3, y4
SAXIS s1, s2, s3, s4
(1) Range at the beginning of the last input sound speed profile.
(2) Maximum water depth from the entire environmental input.
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Input Parameter
Unit
Default
Loss axis
x1 loss minimum
x2 loss maximum
x3 axis length
x4 tickmark spacing
dB
dB
cm
dB
60
120
16
20
Depth axis
y1 depth minimum
x2 depth maximum
x3 axis length
x4 tickmark spacing
m
m
cm
m
0
Hmax (2)
12
Hmax / 5
rmin, rmax, delr
rmin : minimum range for loss calculation
rmax : maximum range for loss calculation
delr : range increment
km
km
km
sd(1)
sd(2)
.
.
sd(n)
sd(1) : first source depth
sd(2) : second source depth
.
,
sd(n) : nth source depth (3)
m
m
TLDEP,OP1,OP2, etc
XAXIS x1, x2, x3, x4
YAXIS y1, y2, y3, y4
Explanation
OP1, OP2, etc... (1) :
any allowed choice from Figure C4
m
(1) At least one choice for the calculation type ( COH, INC ) and one for the output
type ( PRT, PLT ) must be made.
(2) Maximum water depth from the entire environmental input.
(3) The maximum number of allowed source depths in a single run is 10.
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Input Parameter
Explanation
Unit
Default
TLRAN,OP1,OP2, etc OP1, OP2, etc... (1) :
any allowed choice from Figure C4
Range axis
x1 range minimum
x2 range maximum
x3 axis length
x4 tickmark spacing
rmin
km
rmax
km
16
cm
km (rmax-rmin)/5
Loss axis
y1 loss minimum
y2 loss maximum
y3 axis length
y4 tickmark spacing
dB
dB
cm
dB
rmin, rmax, delr
rmin : minimum range for loss calculation
rmax : max range for loss calculation
delr : range increment
km
km
km
sd(1), rd(1)
sd(2), rd(2)
.
.
sd(n), rd(n)
sd(1), rd(1): 1st source/receiver depth
sd(2), rd(2): 2nd source/receiver depth
.
.
sd(n), rd(n): nth source/receiver depth (2)
XAXIS x1, x2, x3, x4
YAXIS y1, y2, y3, y4
50
110
10
10
m
m
m
(1) At least one choice for the calculation type ( COH, INC ) and one for the output
type ( PRT, PLT ) must be made.
(2) The maximum allowed number of source/receiver depths in a single run is 10.
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