Glossário PACS Termo Definição

PACS Glossário
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
accession
number
Geralmente um número de 7 dígitos exibidos entre aspas
duplas (“) atribuído pelo HIS/RIS a um paciente e informado
em um campo específico de uma worksheet.
acquire
Salvar imagens de um filme existente, geralmente
“scaneando” o filme.
acquisition
(1) Salvando imagens diretamente de uma modalidade.
(2) Salvando imagens de um filme existente geralmente
“scaneando” o filme.
ACS
Automated Cartridge System: Termo proprietário da
StorageTek que significa uma biblioteca com arrays de
cartuchos de fitas magnéticas empilhadas verticalmente.
AE
Application Entity: Camada OSI de Aplicação, função que
inclui o mecanismo pelo qual cada aplicação troca
informações em uma rede.
AE_Title
Application Entity Title: um identificador para nós DICOM no
modelo cliente/servidor. O campo AE-Title do Archive
Server é único e sensitivo a caracteres maiúsculos e
minúsculos.
Archive
(s) Um componente do PACS que atua como um repositório
long-term para arquivos de estudos digitais; (s) A
ferramenta de serviço que gera listas de todos os
processos correntes que estão rodando; (v) A ação de
mover um estudo pela rede para armazenamento em um
repositório (archive).
AS
Archive Server (Servidor de Arquivos).
ATL
Automated Tape Library (Biblioteca de Fita Automatizada):
Nome da marca de um tipo de dispositivo de storage longterm (jukebox) utilizada em sistemas de Archive Server.
back-end
Um processador ou um servidor que executa uma tarefa
especializada, tal como, prover rápido acesso ao database.
Veja também client-server.
background
Parte do UNIX onde são executados os programas sem
G-1
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
que ninguém veja.
backup
Base de dados do paciente armazenada em um meio
secundário. Pode ser em um HD, MO disk, ou em uma DL
tape.
BBR
Bad Block Replacement: código de um dispositivo RAID.
BBU
Battery Backup Unit: uma parte do RAID.
bit
Um palavra formada a partir de um digito binário que se
refere em um programa de computador a menor parte da
unidade da informação. Um bit pode carregar somente dois
valores: 0 ou 1.
bitfile
Tipo de arquivo usado para a migração de dados da
unidade RAID para a biblioteca de fitas.
BLOB
Binary Large OBject digital image: geralmente se refere a
dados de imagens de uma modalidade armazenada no
Archive Server.
blobs
O nome do diretório para imagens digitais BLOB.
booting
O processo pelo qual um computador é inicializado e
carrega o sistema operacional.
boot-up
O processo de boot que inicia o sistema operacional
Solaris, começa quando o processo de power-up é
concluído, e exibe o prompt de ok para você se logar. O
boot inicia automaticamente quando a opção auto-boot
está habilitada. Mas quando a opção auto-boot não está
habilitada, você deve iniciar o processo de boot através do
prompt de ok, digitando uma das três opções: boot, boot
disk0, ou boot cdrom.
BPD
Body Part Dictionary (Dicionário das Partes do Corpo)
bus
O caminho para dados em um sistema de computador.
Muitos PCs possuem um bus de expansão, que é
designado para adicionar (expansão) dispositivos, tais
como modems, placas adaptadoras e adaptadores de
vídeo. A expansão de dispositivos utiliza o bus para enviar
e receber dados da CPU ou memória. ISA, EISA e Micro
G-2
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
Channel são os maiores padrões de bus usados em PCs.
cache
(s). Uma memória e área de armazenamento temporário
contido em um computador.
caching
Este é o processo pelo qual os dados solicitados são
recuperados da RAM (ou cache) em vez de algumas mídias
de armazenamento em massa.
candidates list
Uma lista com o ranking de todos os arquivos habilitados
para a migração, em um sistema de migração de arquivos.
São selecionados e migrados arquivos suficientes desta
lista para a porcentagem especificada pelo watermark, de
modo a fazer com que o sistema de arquivos volte a ser
utilizado.
CAP
Cartridge Access Port: a porta de acesso em uma biblioteca
de fita do StorageTek usada para inserir ou remover
cartuchos de fita.
capture
Salvar imagens de modalidades Análogas e Digitais.
case sensitivity
Discriminação entre caracteres maiúsculos e minúsculos. O
Archive Server é case sensitive.
cat
Comando básico do UNIX para ler um ou mais arquivos e
exibi-los na saída padrão. Quando usado com o caracter >
(operador maior), você pode combinar (concatenar) vários
arquivos em um novo arquivo. Quando usado com os
caracteres >> (dois operadores maior), você pode adicionar
arquivos a um arquivo existente.
CDE
Common Desktop Environment.
CDU
Cable Distribution Unit: Parte da unidade RAID.
client
Na programação orientada a objetos, é um membro de uma
classe ou grupo que utiliza os serviços de uma outra classe
a qual não está relacionado. No Archive Server, o client é
normalmente chamado de um DICOM client (geralmente o
Mitra PACS Broker), usando uma jukebox/servidor de
unidade RAID.
client-server
Um tipo de arquitetura de rede que faz o uso de inteligência
distribuída, ou trata como inteligente cada dispositivo da
G-3
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
rede, dispositivos programáveis, portanto fazendo com que
toda a capacidade do computador acumulada seja utilizada.
Aqui, a aplicação entre dois dispositivos distintos é dividida
entre um front-end client e um back-end server.
cluster
Pequena unidade de armazenamento de informações em
um sistema de arquivo FAT que consiste em um número de
setores de discos. Um sistema de arquivo FAT suporta no
máxmo 65,525 clusters.
cold-swap
Método para realocar qualquer dispositivo eletrônico ou
componente desligado.
collaborative
information
Dados adicionados à imagem, tais como os dados
demográficos do paciente.
Common
Desktop
Environment
compression
A janela baseada na interface com o usuário para o sistema
operacional Solaris.
consolidate
Para reconstruir os pedaços de um estudo após a
transferência. Quando um estudo é transferido, ele é
transferido em pedaços que chegam separadamente. O
sistema receptor reune os pedaços (consolidando o
estudo).
CR
Computed Radiography (Radiografia Computadorizada): as
imagens são convertidas para DICOM digital, ou
digitalizadas como non-DICOM, formato necessário para
processamento através de um computador conectado a
rede.
cron
O clock daemon no UNIX executa comandos em datas e
horas específicas de acordo com as instruções de um
arquivo.
crontab
Comando UNIX que cria uma tabela ou lista de comandos
(um por linha), cada um deles é executado pelo sistema
operacional em um tempo específico. O comando crontab
é usado para criar o arquivo crontab (a lista) e mais tarde é
usado para editar o arquivo crontab.
G-4
Redução do tamanho de um arquivo para transferência ou
armazenamento.
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
CT
Computed Tomography (Tomografia Computadorizada).
CV
ClinicalView (produto de imagem 2D greyscale).
CV_destinations
File
Arquivo que lista todos os destinos possíveis para os dados
do paciente de uma modalidade de CV em particular.
CV Taskbar
Clinical View taskbar. Barra de tarefas ou de ferramentas
de Visualização Clinica, que permite o acesso e a
visualização da pasta de um paciente ou dado especifico,
através da seleção de ícones de uma barra de tarefas.
DAC
Digital-to-Analog Converter (Conversor Digital para
Analógico): um microprocessador que converte sinais
digitais de entrada para uma saída análoga.
DAE
Disk Array Enclosure. Termo técnico para RAID EMC.
daemon
Um programa UNIX que é executado continuamente e
existe com o propósito de se encarregar de solicitações de
serviços periódicos esperados pelo sistema. Os daemons
também enviam estas solicitações para outros programas
(ou processos) conforme a necessidade.
date field
O formato do campo data no UNIX é o seguinte:
yyyy/mm/dd (onde zeros são adicionados para números
menores que dez).
date inferencing
Software que supõe os dígitos que estão faltando em um
campo de dado do paciente, em campos onde forem
inseridos menos dígitos que o requerido.
DDTS
Distributed Defect Tracking System: um aplicativo usado
para rastrear problemas (software, hardware, documentos,
planos, ou processos).
de-archive
Remove um dado do storage.
destination
Computador para onde são enviados estudos e arquivos. O
destino pode ser um computador local ou remoto.
Destinations rules são usadas para configurar o OODICOM
server para mover dados dos pacientes.
DICOM
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine: um
protocolo de transferência de padrão industrial que permite
G-5
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
que modalidades de imagens médicas se comuniquem com
outros dispositivos, tais como, estações de visualização,
impressoras e sistemas de armazenamento.
dicom_config
Nome de um arquivo acessível do UNIX que determina os
destinos dos dados do paciente.
DICOM dump
(s) Um arquivo que pode ser lido por um ser humano
convertido de uma informação binária DICOM;
(v) Conversão de informações binária DICOM em um
formato que possibilita a leitura por um ser humano.
DICOM Service
Tool
Uma ferramenta de Serviço DICOM que permite iniciar,
parar, configurar e fazer diagnósticos DICOM. Também
conhecido como DICOM_AM tool.
DICOM Validation Um grupo contido na divisão Eastman Kodak Health
Imaging R&D que padroniza dados DICOM divergentes,
Group
recebidos de diferentes tipos de modalidades.
dll
Comando UNIX que exibe cada parte de um arquivo com
informação do paciente por ordem de tamanho, sendo o
maior exibido primeiro.
DLL
(1) Dynamic-Link Library: Arquivo que permite que arquivos
individuais de dados estáticos sejam acessados por
arquivos executáveis
(2) Data Link Layer: uma das sete camadas da base de
dados de um computador. Camada de Modelo OSI.
DLT
Digital Linear Tape: fitas magnéticas usadas na unidade de
fita de backup para armazenar dados do servidor de
arquivos. Cada fita armazena 20 ou 35 GB, dependendo do
drive DLT utilizado.
DPE
Disk Processing Enclosure. Termo técnico do RAID EMC.
DPI
Digital Print Interface (ou) Direct Printer Interface. Um
cartão de circuito usado para fazer a interface entre o
produto do hardware e a impressora.
DR
Digital Radiography (Radiografia Digital). Veja também DX.
DSP
Digital Signal Processor: um circuito de computador
G-6
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
especializado, designado para executar operações rápidas
e complexas em audio waveforms e usado para processar
sinais de áudio e vídeo.
DVI
Digital Video Interface: um cartão de circuito usado para
aquisição de vídeo.
DX
Digital X-ray(Raio X Digital): um IOD (Information Object
Definition) que especifica uma imagem que foi criada por
um dispositivo de projeção de imagens digitais de
radiografia; incluem PX (Raio X Panorâmico), IO
(Radiografia Intra-Oral), e MG (Mamografia). Também
conhecido como DR (Radiografia Digital).
External Cache Battery: um fornecimento de energia
externa para a unidade de RAID.
Error Detection Code: mensagem de erro de código na
unidade RAID.
Com referência ao software utilitário e aplicativo do sistema
operacional, não requer disquetes adicionais.
Migration triggered by user request, ou migração normal.
ECB
EDC
embedded
explicit migration
File Manager
O arquivo de controle do Archive Server acessado no UNIX
pelos comandos mvx ou mvo, que exibem a tela azul para
um computador com o sistema operacional Windows em
qualquer sistema X-Windows.
film
Uma folha de filme, tal como, um Raio-X
Format Menu
Menu de seleção usado para formatar novos HDs na
unidade RAID.
forwarding
Evento onde os dados de um novo paciente são movidos
do Archive Server para destinos pré-determinados, tais
como, estações de visualização.
front-end
Processador de um computador que produz e manipula
dados antes que outro processador os receba. Veja
também client-server.
fsck
Solaris file system check utility: o utilitário fsck verifica e
repara arquivos de sistemas inconsistentes.
FTS
Field technical Specialist (Especialista Técnico de Campo)
FE
Field Engineer (Engenheiro de Campo)
G-7
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
grep
Comando UNIX que procura por um ou mais arquivos para
uma dada expressão regular e retorna as linhas que
concordarem com a expressão.
hanging
protocols
Protocolos de software que determina os parâmetros de
como as imagens são exibidas em uma estação de
visualização.
Hardwire A (or
B):\
Endereço UNIX de duas portas seriais; comando usado na
inicialização do sistema.
HIS
Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informação
Hospitalar): a enorme base de dados contida em um
hospital, incluindo dados administrativos, assim como
dados do paciente.
HIS/RIS
Hospital Information System/Radiology Information System
(Sistema de Informação Hospitalar/ Sistema de Informação
Radiológica). Este sistema habilita o usuário informar,
transferir e armazenar toda a informação do paciente,
incluindo estudos, em um único arquivo de paciente.
host name
Nome dado ao servidor que é o centro de um sistema de
Archive Server e determina o destino dos dados
configurados pela ferramenta de configuração do
OODICOM (por exemplo, ammaster). Os host names
devem conter somente por caracteres alfanuméricos (A-Z e
0-9) e sem hífens [ - ] ou underscores [ _ ].
hot-swap
Método para realocar um dispositivo ou componente
eletrônico enquanto o sistema que “roda” neste dispositivo
permanece online e ativo. Não utilize hot-swap com o
Archive Server.
HSM
Hierarchical Storage Management (Gerenciamento de
Armazenamento Hierarquico), refers to the generic software
and hardware combination that allows data migrated to a
storage library (jukebox) to be referenced through a UNIX
file system. Veja também MSM e OSM.
Um menu de ferramentas de serviços que permite, iniciar,
parar e configurar do HSM.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. HTTP é o protocolo usado
pelo World Wide Web para definir como as mensagens
HSM Tool
HTTP
G-8
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
image
serão formatadas e transmitidas, e as ações tomadas pelo
servidores web e navegadores em resposta a vários
comandos. Veja também S-HTTP.
A single slice or picture from a study taken by any modality.
ICMP
Internet control message protocol (TCP/IP term).
inet
Parte do sistema operacional Solaris onde reside o host.
inode
The structure in the UNIX file system kernel containing
pointer information about each file, such as the file owner,
permissions, and size. There is one inode per file. The
number of inodes is set when the UNIX file system is
created but cannot be changed without reformatting the file
system using the newfs command.
Information
Entity
Em DICOM, um grupo de módulos relacionados. Uma sub
configuração do Information Object Definition (IOD).
internal
migration
Migration of bitfiles from volume set within a store. Usually
performed as normal maintenance, this migration is
transparent to end-users. Also known as bitfile migration.
internet hosts
Protocolo de Internet (IP) addresses of those destinations
receiving patient data through the Internet as configured by
OODICOM service tools.
IOD
Information Object Definition: a DICOM data model that is
an abstraction of real information such as an MR or CT
image.
IP
Protocolo de Internet (termo TCP/IP).
IP Address
Endereço de Protocolo de Internet : um identificador
numérico único para um computador ou equipamento em
uma rede TCP/IP.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network: um protocolo de
comunicação internacional que permite que that enables
digital telephone networks to carry data, voice, video, and
other information.
ISP
Internet Service Provider: the provider of a block of IP
addresses.
G-9
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
JScript
The Microsoft proprietary language used in the Microsoft
Internet Explorer source code.
JavaScript
Sun Microsystems proprietary language designed to be
universally run on any device.
JBOD
Just a Bunch Of Disks: a rank of disks without data
redundancy or striping.
juke
(1) MSM troubleshooting command listing the volumes
locked in drives and what is mounted.
(2) A shortened form of jukebox (storage library).
jukebox
Data depository storing data on tape cartridges or MO
diskettes,
of various capacities. The data is retrieved by means of an
internal mechanism that selects a tape cartridge or MO
diskette for play
(also called storage or store library).
key images
An image of importance using a DICOM tag for emphasis,
for example, a DICOM tag designating these images is
(01x0029).
legacy
UA term used to describe versions of hardware and
software that are no longer current. Legacy systems often
have their information displayed in analog format.
LINUX
A shareware UNIX-based operating system.
local node
Any single networked computer that is currently being used.
Local host
The UNIX command displaying the host table and IP
address for a local node system.
lock list
Those commands which are not migrated to the RAID unit
or tape library.
logical formatting Placing a file on a partitioned hard disk.
long-term
storage
A period of time for storing studies that is determined by
each customer (typically three to seven years).
lossless
An uncompressed or minimally compressed study file that
has not lost any information during transfer.
G-10
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
lossy
A compressed study file that has lost some information
during transfer. The information loss usually results in
decreased resolution.
ls
A basic UNIX command to list files in the current (or
designated) directory.
LUN
Logical UNit: a logical designation of storage space inside
the RAID unit. LUN numbers must be set up the RAID unit
during the Archive Server configuration process.
LUT
Look Up Table.
LWM
Low Water Mark.
merge
The event occurring when file reconciliation is performed, or
the movement of patient data from one file to another.
metadata
Data written on the physical disk that is not visible to the
host/customer allowing the HS array controller to maintain a
high degree of customer data.
migration
Data movement from the RAID to the tape library for longterm storage. This function is performed automatically and
is triggered by RAID capacity approaching the preset high
RAID watermark.
mirroring
Duplicating the data of one hard disk on another hard disk in
a RAID unit when appropriate (such as when the prestage
watermark is reached). This creates a mirror-image backup
copy of the data, which is also known as RAID 1 or
duplexing (when using two host bus adapters).
PACS Broker
A throughput device receiving HL7 protocol data from the
hospital
HIS/RIS, translating HL7 into DICOM format, and sending
the data to Archive Server.
modality
Um equipamento médico que adquire imagens de ossos,
músculos, orgãos e outras estruturas internas de um
paciente. O paciente interage diretamente com a
modalidade.
modes
A particular functioning arrangement or condition. Verbose
and Normal are the most frequently used Archive Server
G-11
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
modes. See also verbose mode and normal mode.
MO
Magneto-Optical: a data archival and near online storage
system using both optical laser and magnetic fields to
record data onto special removable MO disk volumes.
MOD
Magneto-Optical Disk
mount
Comando UNIX command directing the mounting of a
device on the Archive Server system.
mount point
Connection point of an external device to Archive Server.
move
(v) To relocate an original study file from one folder to
another folder within an application. No copies of the study
file are created.
MSM
Medical Storage Management, refers to changes made to
the OSM hierarchical storage management software by
Kodak Health Imaging. See also HSM and OSM.
MSS
(1) Mass Storage Service: the portion of the MSM software
that contains file ID, file size, and storage tape location.
(2) Maximum Segment Size (a TCP parameter).
MSS
Mass Storage Service Database, refers to the portion of the
MSM software that contains file ID, size, and storage tape
location.
multitasking
The execution of commands in such a way that more than
one command is in progress at the same time.
mv
Basic UNIX command to move files and directories around
on the system which can be used to rename the files.
NACK
Transmission or command not acknowledged. Opposite of
ACK.
narrow SCSI
device
This term refers to 8-bit standard SCSI devices, as opposed
to Wide SCSI devices which are 16-bit SCSI devices.
near-line
Long term storage to MO disks or tape. As opposed to
online short term storage to disk or RAID.
noclobber
UNIX command limiting all subsequent commands to one
G-12
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
pipe at a time.
node
Qualquer computador conectado a rede. A junction of some
type on a system; um dispositivo conectado a rede que se
comunica com outros dispositivos.
normal mode
The fastest Archive Server operating mode.
Object Store
Special service tool accessible through OODICOM tools
allowing the configuration of RAID unit hard disk capacities
configuration and controlling the raw data composed of
patient demographics. See also rawfs.
OBP
Online Boot Prompt: reboots Archive Server. See also
PROM.
OCP
Operator Control Pane: the keyboard, mouse, and CRT
portion of the RAID unit.
ODBC
Open Database Connectivity: a type of link between the
Archive Server system and its database.
ODI
Object Design Incorporated: an ObjectStore software term
for use of object-oriented programming.
online
Storage in an archive physically stored on hard disks.
off-shelf
management
Message prompt in the limited release ArchiveManager 50
product for exporting full volumes of system data to an
actual bookshelf or media storage container located apart
from the computer system.
OODICOM
DICOM configuration menu with the Archive Configuration
Menu Server service tools. It is accessed with the
DICOM_AM tool file and supports startup, shutdown,
diagnostic, query/retrieve, configure, show log, and exit
functions.
OSM
Open Storage Management: o software HSM software
obtained from Computer Associates. Veja também HSM e
MSM.
osm debug
OSM troubleshooting command listing comprehensive
problems in OSM.
OSS
Object Store Server, which is the software server running in
G-13
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
the background of the Solaris operating system.
ostore
Comando UNIX para ObjectStore database.
PACS
Picture Archival and Communications System. PACS
includes image acquisition, viewing, transfer, storage, and
printing within a medical facility. Archive Server is a
subsystem within PACS.
parity
A form of data redundancy used by RAID levels 2, 3, 4 e 5
to recreate the data of a failed hard disk in the RAID disk
array.
parser
In browsers, the embedded program within the browser
program that acts as an interpreter of the script to separate
the inquired appropriate data from the database for retrieval.
partition
(n) Uma divisão física de um HD. (v) Dividir um HD em mais
de uma divisão física.
Patient Folder
Repositório primário para dados do paciente no Archive
Server.
It is composed of all patient studies listed under a single
name (in Last name – First Name format) and procedure
code(s). The unique icon for the patient folder, shown in
open or closed position.
patient level
The first of four levels of patient data available via the
WebView user interface. The levels are patient, study,
series, and image.
patient name
masking
Setting the Archive Server default to match the given patient
data parameters.
periodic
migration
Migration initiated by an administrative job with the cron
command during non-peak times to bring space utilization
down to a preset level.
Perl
Practical Exporting and Reporting Language: a
programming language (also referred to as Perl Script), that
is used for writing object-oriented programs (similar to C++
and Java).
Permissions
In UNIX, each file on the entire system can be listed by the
G-14
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
superuser to determine the read or write permissions of
individual users, as in the following example:
-r-w-r -(the first user has read-only permission, the second user has
write permission which includes read, and the third user has
read-only.
Persistent
Assistant
picker
The UNIX file directing the nightly tape backups.
The robotic device in an storage library (jukebox) that moves
volumes between slots, drives, and mail slots. The picker is
also called an autochanger in a tape library, or a hand in
an MO (magneto-optical) jukebox.
PID
Process ID: status of process currently being performed.
ping
A network utility that queries the presence of a node.
platter
The rigid disk surface of a hard disk. The surface is metallic
with a thin layer of iron oxide.
PNS
Patient Name Sanitization. See also sanitization.
port I/O address
A window through which software programs
communicate commands to an installed host adapter
board. The commands are communicated 8 bits at a
time.
Power On Self-Test: a UNIX command directing the system
to self-test.
POST
posting
Automatically triggered event that moves patient studies
from long-term storage to the RAID unit to the display
station, a study server, or other storage device such as the
tape library. Also known as reverse migration.
Powerchute
The UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) shutdown software
application.
prefetch
When a study is ordered via HIS/RIS, the information is sent
to the Archive Server in order that previous studies are
retrieved from storage and sent to a predetermined set of
destinations based on the Posting Rules.
prestaging
Copying a file to a migration store without making it
G-15
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
nonresident.
primary viewing
station
Probe
Any display used for making diagnoses. The display
stations have
high-resolution displays and image manipulation tools.
Basic UNIX command displaying a list of devices
connected to or programs currently running on the
system. The command is amended for specific listing.
For example, the probe-scsi-all command lists all SCSIconnected devices.This inventory is most frequently in
hardware integration and/or system startup.
PROM
UNIX command booting from the online prompt.
protocol
A set of conventions governing the formatting and relative
timing of message exchanges between two communicating
systems.
Q/R
Query/Retrieve: an Archive Server function performed
through the web server with the OODICOM configuration
tools. The Q/R user is the client. Moves are done by either
patient or by study and performed after reverse migration,
with data extracted from the RAID.
QRU
Query/Retrieve User: the transfer protocol that allows a user
to search and copy studies, especially from Archive Server.
query
The process of extracting data from a database and
presenting it for use. Also, a specific set of instructions for
extracting particular data repetitively.
Radiologic
Technologist
The technologist has primary contact with the patient during
the imaging process. The technologist takes x-rays
according to the radiologists instructions. A technologist
may specialize in certain imaging departments.
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks: a RAID unit
provides short-term storage on multiple hard disks that
increase data retrieval speed by means of disk striping
technique. Sometimes referred to as local storage.
RAID set
Accessible configuration of the database on a RAID unit.
G-16
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
Image data is designated d(0) and patient demographic
data is d(1), or d(2). RAID members are enumerated
immediately after RAID (for example, RAID5 of five
members) and in the RAID are designated R, RAID mirrors
are designated M, and spares are designated S. See also
xterm or ufsdump.
rawfs
Raw File Storage: a database resident on the left side of the
RAID; data not yet migrated to the tape library.
Read Physician
The referring physician.
reconciliation
The act of resolving discrepancies between existing patient
information and newly acquired patient information. In
Archive Server, data in the Patient Level is merged and
matched with the Study Level.
remote location
A computer that is located away from the medical site’s
network system.
remote node
Any single computer networked to the local node.
resident
A file for which both the attributes and its data are located
on the migrating file system. This file can be resident when
first created
or when it is reloaded.
resolution
The sharpness of an image.
Restore menu
Selectable menu used to restore a RAID unit. It is selected
by the ufsrestore command.
RMS
Removable Media Service: the UNIX command is rmsadm.
RPD
Requested procedure description: the plain text field created
by the Mitra PACS Broker to match patient and study levels
from the modality.
RTC
Real-time clock, usually a digital 24-hour clock that is part of
the RAID unit, study server, or Solaris server.
rules
Software parameters determining the specific functions of a
file by means of an or statement or an and statement.
Archive Server forwarding and posting rules determine the
destination for that data.
G-17
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
scan
Any activity wherein a part body part image is acquired.
script
A list of commands that can be executed without user
interaction. Also known as a macro or batch file.
SCSI
Small Computer Systems Interface, a standard high-speed
parallel interface used to connect computers to peripheral
devices, networks, and other computers.
SCSI device
A device that conforms to the SCSI interface standard and
is attached to a SCSI bus cable, such as a host adapter
board, hard disk or CD-ROM drive. The device may be an
initiator, a target, or capable of both types of operation.
secondary
viewing station
Any display station used for preliminary readings, second
opinions, and references.
sector
Hard disk track divisions usually formatted to contain 512
bytes.
series
A grouping of images within a study. There can be many
series within a single study.
series folder
Folder containing complete patient files, including images.
The unique icon representing the series folder with multiple
images on a black background. It is shown only in one
position and is not expandable.
server
A computer on a network that provides shared network
resources to other computers on the network. In Archive
Server, the Solaris server provides services to Modalities,
Destinations, and the Mitra PACS Broker client.
service class
Group defining a specific function to be performed by
connecting AEs specifying one or more SOPs performing a
function across a network.
Service Tools
Archive Server system maintenance and configuration tools
accessed from a C-Shell and available via the Archive
Server Main Menu. Each tool has its own menu structure for
performing specific system functions.
shadow files
Files existing on the RAID and the storage library at the
same time. Shadow files are created when information is
G-18
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
reloaded to the RAID from storage tape.
shadowed data
Data between the prestage and low watermarks of the RAID
unit. This data is also shadowed after migrating to the tape
library.
shell study
An empty folder held in reserve on the RAID and populated
the study
is performed and acquired. The demographic information
becomes
“Gold Standard.”
short-term
storage
Patient data held in short-term storage (typically the length
of the patient’s stay) is usually resident in the RAID unit.
S-HTTP
Secure HTTP. See HTTP.
shutdown
This is the process of stopping the Solaris operating system.
It starts from the command line and should finish at the ok
prompt. There are three shut-down commands: halt,
shutdown, and init. The halt command should be avoided
because it could corrupt data. The shutdown command
offers the most features and is the preferred shutdown
command. The init command is faster than the shutdown
command but lacks the valuable features of the shutdown
command. The init command does not inform all users the
system is going down nor does it allow a delay before the
process starts.
Solaris
Brand name of the Sun Microsystems UNIX operating
system.
SOP
Service/Object Pair: a DICOM Service/Object Pair
performing a function across a network, image storage, or
query/retrieve.
slice
A single, planar image from a modality. The smallest unit of
a scan or patient study.
SCP
Service Class Provider.
SCU
Service Class User.
SPS
Standby Power Supply. An uninterruptible power supply
G-19
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
which switches to battery power during a power failure.
SSCP
Storage Service Class Provider: the transfer protocol that
acts as a server for DICOM data and converts it to an
ASFF-2 file format.
SSCU
Storage Service Class User: A transfer protocol that
transfers DICOM data. SSCU can convert ASFF-2 files to
DICOM. SSCU requires SSCP.
standalone
A system that is not part of a workgroup. Individual files,
subsystems, or folder can be standalone.
STDM
Service Tool and Diagnostic Manager: a special Archive
Server tool allowing rapid system data retrieval and selfdiagnostics.
stopmss
OSM command that stops access of the OSM database.
store
An OSM term for the OSM server and any storage libraries
attached to the server host. See also OSM.
stub file
A database pointer to the images in the storage library
which is created when the full image file is migrated to the
RAID.
study
A patient file containing their ID number and one or more
images.
study level
The second of four levels of patient data available via the
WebView user interface. The levels are patient, study,
series, and image.
study schedule
event
A scheduled patient appointment for a scan or image
capture from a modality consisting of patient name, ID
number, and other demographics. The Mitra PACS Broker
informs Archive Server of this event.
superblock
A data structure that holds the control information for a file
system. It is a table that contains the label, size, number of
inodes, and related data. If the superblock is damaged the
corresponding file system becomes unreadable.
superuser
UNIX term for the highest level of user in the UNIX
hierarchy. The superuser has full privileges throughout the
G-20
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
system.
swap
Usually shared space on a computer storage disk. Swapped
processes have been removed from RAM and reside on
disks.
synchronous
data transfer
A method of SCSI data transfer in which the SCSI host
adapter and the SCSI device establish a transfer rate that
both support (this process is known as synchronous
negotiation).
System
Administrator
An individual responsible for maintaining a multi-user
computer system, including a local-area network (LAN).
Duties include setting up user accounts, adding and
configuring new workstations, and allocating mass storage
space. Also known as a SysAdmin.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol: the suite of
protocols that defines the Internet. While originally designed
for UNIX, TCP/IP software is now included with every major
computer operating system.
transfer syntax
Type of data encoding used for communication between two
peer DICOM application devices.
TTL
Time to live (TCP parameter).
UFS
UNIX file system: the largest database on the Archive
Server, composed of all bitfiles and all image data (blobs).
ufsdump
A massive data transmission composed of the entire UNIX
file system, all image data, that backs up the Archive Server
on the RAID.
ufsmaint
Utility allowing regularly scheduled maintenance of the
RAID unit. This is usually run daily, but a three-tiered
configuration version is performed monthly.
ufsrestore menu
Utility allowing restoration of the data in a crashed RAID.
unin
The UNIX command directing the removal of an installed
device from the system.
unset
A zero or no character < > generated as a system default
when corrupted data is received. To make the value of a bit
G-21
Glossário PACS
Termo
Definição
position equal to zero; opposite of set, or making the bit
postion value equal to 1.
UID
User ID: an unique identifier, the DICOM method used to
create a globally unique ASCII-numeric string (for instance,
SOP Class UID, image UID, and network negotiation
parameters).
UNIX
UNiplexed Information and Computing System (originally
spelled “Unics”). UNIX is a multi-user, multitasking operating
system developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s.
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply.
user interface
The portion of any computer program with which the user
interacts. Archive Server 4.0 provides WebView as its
primary user interface.
See WebView.
verbose mode
Highest density data format for data transmitted or received
between Archive Server devices. It is considerd the most
difficult format to maintain or transmit.
VFS
Virtual File System: a UNIX command used to set up the
remote directories and mount devices to Archive Server.
vi
The preferred (industry standard) UNIX text editor.
virtual disk
A RAID volume set presented as a sequentially addressable
set of blocks of nonvolatile user data storage capacity. The
virtual disk is composed of RAID strips.
virtual memory
Disk space or actual physical memory on a storage
medium.
volume
Storage that has been logically partitioned and identified by
a volume label.
warm-swap
Method for adding or replacing an electronic device or
component while the system remains online, with all activity
on the device bus waiting until this process is concluded for
transmission.
watermark
RAID utilization thresholds at which MSM acts transparently
to maintain available space on file systems. The three
G-22
PACS Glossário
Termo
Definição
manually adjustable thresholds (high, prestage, and low)
are shown on a horizontal bar displaying the system
capacity of the RAID unit. Data is migrated from the RAID
unit to the tape library when the high watermark is
approached (not surpassed). The watermarks bar graph is
accessed by clicking the File Systems icon on the OSM
dashboard.
WebView
The web-based user interface for Kodak DirectView Archive
Server Systems 4.0 which uses Microsoft Internet Explorer
version 5.5 or newer.
wide SCSI
Provides for performance and compatibility enhancements
to SCSI-1 by adding a 16- or 32- bit data path.
wildcard
A special character inserted in a search string allowing a
match between all words or parts of words with that spelling.
It is usually an asterisk [ * ], but in UNIX searches it can
also be an open bracket, [ [ ], a closed
bracket [ ] ], or a carat [ ^ ].
Workflow Router
A special Archive Server configuration that allows
communication between multiple Archive Servers. Ensures
patient updates are sent to the correct Archive Server in this
configuration.
workgroup
Several computers linked together via a network.
write-back cache
Cache writing strategy for the RAID unit that writes data to
the cache memory then flushes the data to the destination
device at some future time.
write-through
cache
Cache writing strategy for the RAID unit in which the write
data destination is the primary storage media. This
operation purges obsolete data from cache and is complete
only after the backup storage device data has been
updated.
xterm
User interface screen used to configure the disks in a RAID
to form a RAID set.
XOSM
The Open Storage Manager (OSM) utility featuring a
graphic user interface (GUI) for managing the storage
library and backups.
G-23
Glossário PACS
Termo
yp
Definição
The UNIX command used to access the Network
Information System (NIS) Yellow Pages.
Glossário de Rede
Termos de Rede
ACK
address mapping
ARP
ATM
AUI
BNC
bridge
broadcasting
Cat_
CD
coaxial cable
CRC
crosstalk
CSMA/CD
CSU/DSU
DECnet
device
G-24
Descrição/ Definição
Acknowledgement (notificação de recebimento). Um caractere
que o receptor transmite para notificar ao transmissor que um
pacote foi recebido.
Assigning a drive letter and path in a directory structure.
Address Resolution Protocol. A protocol within TCP/IP used to
map, view, and/or modify IP addresses to Ethernet addresses.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode: A method of switching and
multiplexing using high bandwidth and low delay.
Autonomous Unit Interface; The cable and connectors (D type)
used to connect single- and multiple-channel equipment to an
Ethernet.
Um conector padrão (bayonet type) para cabos coaxiais.
A physical component that reads the station address of a data
packet and determines the destination of the data (filters a
signal based on destination).
Enviar dados simultaneamente para dois ou mais receptores.
Category or level; As especificações da mídia.
Compact Disk; A digital disk on which a program, music, data,
etc. is stored and retrieved (read) by a laser.
A network cable composed of a center wire, surrounded by
thick plastic insulation, surrounded by a woven metallic shield,
surrounded by a plastic insulation sheath.
Cyclic Redundancy Check: A process used to check the
integrity of a block of data.
The electrical current between pairs of wires within the same
cable.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection; A
method of controlling access to the network— all devices on
the network contend equally for access to transmit.
Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit; A digital interface
device that connects end user equipment to the local digital
telephone line.
The proprietary network architecture of the Digital Equipment
Company.
Computers and peripherals (such as printers, scanners,
Glossário PACS
Termos de Rede
DICOM
DSL
etherfind
Ethernet
exercise [within this
course]
FDDI
fiber optic cable
FIN
firewall
frame
FTP
gateway
HBE
HI
host
ICMP
ifconfig
ifstat
Internet
internet
Page 2
Descrição/ Definição
servers, etc.) that are interconnected (networked) to
communicate with each other.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine; See the
DICOM Glossary, within this section.
Digital Subscriber Line: Uses existing telephone network wiring
to deliver an all-digital connection. You can receive DSL and
conventional phone service on the same wire.
A Sun Corporation command used to examine traffic on local
Ethernet; normally does not show traffic from host.
A local area network used to connect computers, printers, and
other peripherals.
An analytical activity such as math calculation or process
definition.
Fiber Distributed Data Interface; The standard for a fiber-optic
LAN.
A network cable composed of a center glass filament,
surrounded by a plastic shield, surrounded by reinforcing
material, surrounded by a plastic sheath.
Finish; The signal a sender transmits to notify the receiver that
the final packet was sent.
A combination of hardware and software that limits the
exposure of a computer or group of computers to an attack
from outside.
A group of data bites in a specific format (including a flag at
each end indicating the start and the end of that frame).
File Transfer Protocol; Used to transfer files from one machine
to another.
A physical component that connects two or more dissimilar
networks.
Heartbeat Enable; A Signal Quality Error switch on a
transceiver.
Health Imaging; The Eastman Kodak Company department
that provides imaging equipment for the health care industry.
Um computador conectado a rede, que provê os serviços
primários (tais como computação, aplicação e armazenamento
de arquivo) para aquela rede.
Internet Control Message Protocol; Used for control and error
messages (such as; echo request/reply [ping], redirect [change
routing], destination unreachable, and network unreachable).
Um comando utilizado para visualizar e/ou modificar os dados
host IP/MAC e para habilitar/desabilitar a interface.
A command used to examine detailed statistics related to
network communications.
The global communication network.
The non-global networks using TCP/IP.
Glossário PACS
Termos de Rede
Intranet
IP
IPX
ISDN
jabber
KENI
lab [contido neste
curso]
LAN
LAT
LocalTalk
MAC
MAN
masking
media
NEXT
NIC
node
NVP
OSI
packet
peer-to-peer
ping
Page 3
Descrição/ Definição
A private Internet, typically used by employees of a company.
Protocolo de Internet; A standard for tracking addresses, routes
outgoing data, and recognizes incoming data.
Internet Packet eXchange; The NetWare (Novell's network
operating system) protocol that moves data on the network.
Integrated Services Digital Network; A digital pipe where any
one of a number of services can be transmitted on a common
network.
Random data packets, exceeding the prescribed standard that
locks up the network.
KODAK EKTASCAN Networking Interface; uma aplicação
TCP/IP que permite redundância para a impressora laser
Kodak medical.
Uma atividade hands-on usando equipamentos e
componentes.
Local Area Network; The interconnecting of peripheral devices
within a limited geographical distance.
Local Area Transport; The Digital Equipment Company limited
to local area networks with a small number of hosts sending
small packets at regular intervals.
A arquitetura de rede proprietária de computadores Apple.
Media Access Control; Endereço Físico (hardware).
Metropolitan Area Network; The interconnecting of peripheral
devices within a medium geographical distance.
To hide so not to see the Host ID for the purpose of revealing
the Network ID
The subdividing of large (class A and B) networks.
A interconexão de uma rede (como uma rede é conectada).
Near-End Crosstalk; A distorção no sinal causada por caused
by the coupling of an outgoing signal and an incoming signal
from the other end of a circuit.
Network Interface Card: The piece of equipment that connects
a device to a LAN.
Termo utilizado para um equipamento interconectado (tais
como um computador, impressora, servidor, etc.).
Nominal Velocity of Propagation; the percent of the speed of
light that a cable can handle.
Open System Interconnection; The international standard for
communication between systems made by different vendors.
Um envelope de dados que incluem informações de
endereçamento e controle de erro.
Uma rede na qual todos os nós possuem acessos iguais,
podem enviar e receber dados, e não possue um nó para
controle (servidor de rede).
Packet internet groper: A signal used to verify that a node is
Glossário PACS
Termos de Rede
protocol
repeater
RG-58
RG-59
RIP/OSPF
RJ-45
RJ-58, RJ-58a/u,
RJ58c/u
router
SCAN-LAN
SNA
subnet works
switch
SYN
TCP
TCP/IP
ThickWire
thin coax
ThinWire
token ring
T1
Page 4
Descrição/ Definição
present or to determine how long it takes an image-size packet
(1400 data bytes) to compete one round trip.
A formal set of rules that specify the format and relationship of
data when it is sent and received by communicating devices.
A physical component that amplifies and regenerates the signal
between two or more network segments.
An IEEE-standard cable for transmitting computer data signals.
An IEEE-standard cable for transmitting video signals. (Not
typically used for Ethernet).
Routing Information Protocol / Open Shortest Path First; RIP
uses hop counts to establish the shortest route.
OSPF takes into consideration the speed of lines and
congestion (not implemented on all systems; mainly used on
routers and bridges).
An IEEE-standard connector (8-pin modular connector) for
twisted-pair media (10base-T wiring).
An IEEE-standard connector (bayonet connector) for coaxial
media (wiring).
A physical component that reads the information found within a
data packet, determines the destination of the data, discards
the outer packet (frame), repackages the packet, and
retransmits the data using compression.
Switched Circuit Automatic Network-Local Area Network
Systems Network Architecture; The IBM protocol for mainframe
communications.
A secondary LAN serving a small number of nodes and
connected to other subnets or a larger LAN.
A physical component that segments (or partitions) a network
to build multiple logical paths between network devices.
Synchronous character(s); A control character(s) used to
maintain synchronization and as a time filler when data is
absent.
Transmission Control Protocol; The part of the TCP/IP protocol
that controls the exchange of sequential data.
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol;
TCP is the part of the TCP/IP protocol that controls the
exchange of sequential data. (In Transport layer.)
IP is a standard for tracking addresses, routes outgoing data,
and recognizes incoming data. (In Network layer.)
Thick Ethernet coaxial network cable (10base5 wiring).
Thin coaxial network cable (10base2 wiring).
Thin Ethernet coaxial network cable (10base2 wiring).
A type of local network in which a single token, passing from
device to device, carries data around the network.
A point-to-point network.
Glossário PACS
Termos de Rede
topology
traceroute
transceiver
twisted pair
UDP
Unix
WAN
Descrição/ Definição
The layout of a network; how the network components are
arranged and interconnected.
Public domain software used to provide information about the
route a packet may take to a destination.
A physical component that connects a single device to a
network.
A network cable composed of two insulated wires wrapped
around each other.
User Datagram Protocol; A protocol that does the packaging
without the tracking.
The brand name of a computer manufacturing company.
Wide Area Network; The interconnecting of devices in a limited
geographical distance.
Glossário DICOM
Algumas das descrições e definições neste Glossário DICOM foram retiradas da
publicação da Eastman Kodak Company The Fundamentals of DICOM
(Rochester, NY: Eastman Kodak Company, 1996) e da Merge Technologies, Inc.
Termo DICOM
application profile
attribute
CCU
CDS
Conformance
statement
CR
CRD
DICOM
Page 5
Descrição / Definição
A media storage application profile defines a selection of choices
at the various layers of the DICOM Media Storage Model that
are applicable to a specific need or context in which the media
interchange is intended to be performed. It facilitates
conformance statements that allow users to assess
interoperability of different implementations.
A property of an information object. It has a name and a value
that are independent of any encoding scheme.
Critical Care Unit; A hospital department that can closely monitor
patients with life-threatening conditions. [May be referred to as
an ICU.]
Clinical Display Station; A common area for displaying the output
of patient-monitoring equipment.
A formal statement associated with a specific implementation of
the DICOM standard. It specifies the Service Classes,
Information Objects, and the Communication Protocols
supported by the implementation.
Computed Radiography; Computer enhanced radiographic
image.
Customer Requirements Document; A record of a client's unique
needs and what is required to meet those needs.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine; The standard
for transferring medical images and information between
Glossário PACS
Termo DICOM
DICOM command
DICOM file
Dmax
Dmin
edge enhancement
ER
HIS
ICU
LUT
Modality
MRA
MRI
PACS
RIS
SDL
Service Class
Service Class
Provider
Service Class User
Service-Object Pair
(SOP) Class
Tag
Page 6
Descrição / Definição
electronic devices.
A generic means to operate on information objects across an
interface or network.
A DICOM file is a file with content formatted according to the
requirements of this part of the DICOM standard. In particular,
such files contain the DICOM file meta information header and a
properly formatted data set.
The maximum density used by a devise to render an image.
The minimum density used by a devise to render an image.
A process that compensates for the blurring at the edge of an
image.
Emergency Room; Sala de emergência de um hospital.
Hospital Information System; O sistema utilizado para coletar e
armazenar registros do hospital.
Intensive Care Unit; A hospital department that can closely
monitor patients with life-threatening conditions. [May be referred
to as an CCU.]
Look Up Table; Um registro de valores, referred to by
equipment, to re-establish a standard or to calculate (using
comparison) news values.
Um equipamento que produz imagens médicas.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Um equipamento que utilize
device that uses magnetism to image cardiac flow.
Magnetic Resonance Imager; A device that uses magnetism to
image an area of a physical body.
Picture Archiving and Communications System; A system used
to send and store images.
Radiology Information System; The system used to collect and
store a hospital's radiographic records.
Source Density LUT (look up table)
A collection of SOP classes and/or meta SOP classes that are
related in that they are described together to accomplish a single
application.
O papel executado por uma Entidade de Aplicação DICOM
(DIMSE-Service-User), que faz operações e invoca notificações
em uma associação especifica.
O papel executado por uma Entidade de Aplicação DICOM
(DIMSE-Service-User), que invoca operações e faz notificações
em uma associação específica.
A união de uma configuração especifica dos serviços DIMSE e
uma Definição de Objeto de Informação relacionada (como
especificado por um Service Class Definition), que define
completamente um contexto preciso para a comunicação.
Um identificador único para um elemento de informação
composto um par ordenado de números (um grupo de números
Glossário PACS
Termo DICOM
Tonescale
TSL
US
V&V
WW / WL
Page 7
Descrição / Definição
seguidos por um elemento numérico), que é usado para
identificar atributos e elementos de dados correspondentes.
A distribuição dos valores cinza quando é exibida uma imagem.
Tonescale LUT (look up table)
Ultrasound (Ultrasom)
Verificação e Validação
Window Width (Largura da Janela) / Window Level (Altura da
Janela)