Chapter 11 - Portal Eleva

INGLÊS
Chapter 11
73
8º Ano
Calmamente, rapidamente,
silenciosamente, como você faz as coisas?
Well, in this chapter you are going to learn the adverbs
of manner. These adverbs are used to say how the things
were done, are done or will be done. By the way, how are
you doing everything? I hope you are doing them carefully
and happily, that´s the best way to do things.
1. Adjectives
©iStockphoto.com/jayfish
Adverbs of manner – Vocabulary:
adjectives – Text comprehension
Objetivos:
–Melhorar gramática;
–aprender conteúdo a respeito dos adjetivos e advérbios de
modo.
ruim
Os adjetivos são usados para modificar ou dar
qualidade a um substantivo ou pronome. Eles normalmente vêm antes do substantivo ou após um verbo de
estado (ser, estar, permanecer, etc.)
beautiful
bonito(a)
brave
corajoso(a)
calm
calmo(a)
careful
cuidadoso(a)
E.g.:
easy
fácil
fast
rápido(a)
gentle
gentil
glad
feliz, satisfeito(a)
good
bom
happy
feliz
hard
difícil
hungry
faminto(a)
kind
gentil
loud
som alto, barulhento(a)
noisy
barulhento(a)
quick
rápido(a)
quiet
quieto, som baixo
slow
devagar
strong
forte
weak
fraco(a)
wild
selvagem
This is a beautiful book.
He is bad.
©iStockphoto.com/PeopleImages
©iStockphoto.com/Jeff_Morin
bad
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Chapter 11
8º Ano
2. Adverbs of manner
©iStockphoto.com/Christopher Futcher
E.g.:
Os advérbios de modo expressam como algo foi ou
será feito. Para transformar um adjetivo em advérbio,
acrescenta-se a terminação -ly. Porém, toda regra tem
exceção. A seguir, será apresentada a lista dos adjetivos do
início do módulo transformados em advérbios de modo:
The girls are so happy.
©iStockphoto.com/Ljupco Smokovski
The happy girl told me she was going to school.
That boy is not weak, actually he is very strong.
©iStockphoto.com/helovi
The strong boy carried all the books to the library.
In a small town in the south of Minas Gerais,
called Carmo do Rio Claro, delicious sweets are
made. In fact, this beautiful city is known as the city
of sweets. The sweets are made of fruits. They make
dried and crystallized fruits and also jams. Some of
them are even designed, what makes the sweets look
even more delicious. Apart from sweets you will find
wonderful crafts and different kinds of preserves.
Happy people, nice places to visit and beautiful lakes
are part of this magnificent city.
bad
badly
mal
beautiful
beautifully
lindamente
brave
bravely
corajosamente
calm
calmly
calmamente
careful
carefully
cuidadosamente
easy
easily
facilmente
fast
fast
rápido / rapidamente
gentle
gently
suavemente
glad
gladly
felizmente
good
well
bem
happy
happily
felizmente, alegremente
hard
hard
dificilmente
hungry
hungrily
avidamente, com fome
kind
kindly
gentilmente
loud
loudly
em alto tom / voz alta,
espalhafatosamente
noisy
noisily
ruidosamente
quick
quickly
rapidamente
quiet
quietly
silenciosamente
slow
slowly
vagarosamente
strong
strongly
fortemente
weak
weakly
fracamente
wild
wildly
desordenadamente,
de maneira selvagem
Adverbs of manner – Vocabulary: adjectives –
Text comprehension
INGLÊS
•
•
8º Ano
©iStockphoto.com/Steve Debenport
Atenção!
•
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Chapter 11
Nos adjetivos que terminam em -y, retira-se o -y e
acrescenta-se -ily;
em alguns adjetivos terminados em -e, retira-se o -e
e acrescenta-se -ly;
os que estão em negrito são irregulares.
Os advérbios normalmente vêm no final das frases,
mas o advérbio de modo pode vir tanto no início, como
no meio ou no fim.
His family happily did everything they could.
©iStockphoto.com/EternalNemisis
©iStockphoto.com/Sitikka
E.g.:
©iStockphoto.com/AscentXmedia
He finished everything quickly.
Quickly he finished everything.
He quickly finished everything.
The Jackson’s arrived here very fast, they came by
plane.
Most words in English, if we add a suffix to a
noun, a verb or an adjective, we form another word.
If you memorize these suffixes, it will be very easy to
understand what the new word means. In the case of
adverbs of manner, most of them end in -ly, which
means: “mente”, just like the “advérbios de modo” in
Portuguese.
This means that we simple have to add this
termination to an adjective and the word changes
completely.
©iStockphoto.com/Andrey Prokhorov
E.g.: e ntire – completo (adjective);
entirely – completamente (adverb of manner).
The entire project was finished today.
They bravely have climbed the mountain.
The project was entirely finished today.
INGLÊS
Chapter 11
01 Make sentences using the words below and adverbs
of manner:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Jackie – cook – slow
Susy – drive – careful
Gabriel – speak – fast
Brian – work – happy
The circus
©iStockphoto.com/Renphoto
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02 Correct the errors in the sentences:
a. He bus drivers in America don’t drive fastly. They
never go beyond the limit.
b. Does your classmates listen to the explanation quiet?
c. Gilmar easyly takes care of the animals, that’s the best
job he has ever had.
d. Could you please take these glasses to the table with
carefully?
03 Insert the best adverb of manner into the sentences
below:
well – beautifully – bravely – loudly
a. Jenny draws very nice pictures. They are _____ done.
b. Kelly dances ____________________. Everyone
loves watching her dancing.
c. Billy speaks ___________________. It’s hard to stand
near him.
d. Corey feeds the lions __________________. I would
be afraid to do it.
04 Transform the sentences below so they will have
adverbs of manner:
a. This slow artist finished the sculpture I requested.
b. Somebody in my building listens to loud music every
day.
c. Yesterday, I spent the whole afternoon at the court
and I was so hungry.
d. My cell phone is very noisy to take pictures.
05 Transforme os adjetivos que estão em negrito em
advérbios de modo:
a.
b.
c.
d.
That child reads in a slow manner.
Her boyfriend talks in a gentle way.
That guy drives in a bad way.
My father explains everything in a calm way.
The circus is an ancient art that has always been
renewed and improved. We have news of circus activities
in Ancient Egypt, about 2500 years BC (before Christ), as
well as in the ancient China, Phoenicia and the Roman
Empire. These ancient civilizations used horse races and
fights between gladiators to entertain the people. Wildlife
presentations and rare birds began to form binding in
circuses shows until recently. But many of these animals
were made blind so they wouldn’t flee and they were
treated very badly to become submissive.
Nowadays there are still presentations with horses,
but in a different way. There are shows where horses
jump or balance always in the cadence of a song within
a ring (arena), covered by a circular tent (canvas). And
sometimes the horses are displayed with jugglers and
clowns on top of them.
With the various international animal rights
campaigns, today the use of non-domesticated animals
in shows is practically abolished. To be part of a circus,
the person must have lots of courage and skills; virtues
that can be improved if you were born to do this or have
talent for it. Thus, the street performers have always helped
the circus to develop. It has always been coexistence
among artists, with different abilities which allows them
to transform and develop themselves in teamwork.
Adverbs of manner – Vocabulary: adjectives –
Text comprehension
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Chapter 11
Among all the artists, the clown is always the most
expected one. He usually enters the arena to entertain
the public in the intervals between large presentations.
Clowns use fancy makeup and colorful clothes, most of
them with stripes on it. The public receives the clowns
enthusiastically because they have improved the difficult
art of making people laugh, dancing, singing, making
fun of the spectators or mimicking kings and queens so
magically that no one gets mad at them. I’ve been to the
circus. Have you?
Answer the questions 01 to 04 according to the text
above:
01 Há quanto tempo tem-se notícias de atividades
circenses?
02 How did these activities began?
b. That ________________ test was corrected yesterday
morning.
©iStockphoto.com/Sasho Bogoev
We can find artists of different nationalities in the
circus, where jugglers, trapeze artists, acrobats, tightrope
walkers and cyclists often challenge the limits imposed by
physics and make impressively performances audaciously
and courageously.
(A)gentle
(B)nice
(C)gentlely
(D)gently
(E)quiet
(A)difficulty
(B)hardly
(C)difficult
(D)often
(E)easily
c.
___________ he stood in the middle of everybody
and sang his new song.
©iStockphoto.com/joshblake
In today’s presentations, the artists have a well
developed story, most of them happily accompanied by
loud music played, especially at the beginning and at the
end of each presentation.
8º Ano
03 Can wild animals be used nowadays?
04 Which qualities does a person need in order to be
part at the circus activities?
05 Assinale as alternativas corretas de acordo com os
advérbios de modo e adjetivos:
©iStockphoto.com/DragonImages
a. His wife __________ told him that she was pregnant.
(A)Often
(B)Serious
(C)Only
(D)Surprisely
(E)Slow
d. Joshua came into my room very _______________,
that’s why I got scared.
(A)quiet
(B)slowly
(C)seldom
(D)lately
(E)only
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Chapter 11
e. Jimmy ___________ finishes all his homework. I
really don’t know how he does it so ____________.
(A) quickly / fast
(B) fast / quick
(C) fastly / quickly
Michelle is a ______ girl,
although she sometimes
gets lazy.
©iStockphoto.com/Michael Krinke
f.
(D) never / fast
(E) sometimes / quick
(A)slowly
(B)stronger
(C)dynamic
(D)fantasy
(E)quickly
g. Mark is a __________ guy, he __________ feeds the
lions.
(A) strongly / bravely
(B) brave / strong
(C) strong / brave
(D) brave / bravely
(E) strongly / strong
produce radiation that is harmful to users. About this,
there is no real proof. It sounds like just another study
that isn’t meaning anything.
A lot of teachers are proposing that cell phones should
not be allowed in classes because they’re a distraction. I
feel pretty angrily about this.
People argue that using a cell phone while driving
is dangerous. I disagree. It’s no more dangerously than
turning on the car radio or eating a sandwich. The law says
you must have one hand on the steering wheel. It’s possible
to use a cell phone correct with one hand. I use my cell
phone careful; I always keep one hand on the wheel. This
has always been a free country. I hope it stays that way.
MAURER, Jay. General English – Advanced – Applied Grammar.
Pearson Education, Inc., 2006 (adapted).
Os erros estão identificados na primeira coluna. Corrija-os na segunda.
Erro
Correção
a. angrily
b. dangerously
c. correct
d. careful
02 Na frase “Use water wisely, don’t waste it. The whole
world thanks.”, as palavras water, wisely, waste e whole são,
respectivamente:
©iStockphoto.com/danielle71
©iStockphoto.com/hgz
01 O texto abaixo apresenta algumas inadequações
quanto ao uso de adjetivos e advérbios na língua inglesa.
No cell phone restrictions!
It seems that I constantly hear the same thing: “Cell
phones are dangerous. We need to severely restrict them.
People are dying because of cell phones”. Well, I think cell
phones themselves aren’t the problem. I’m completely
opposed to restrictions on them.
People say cell phones are dangerous to health, so they
should be limited. Some studies show that cell phones
(A) noun, adverb, verb, adjective.
(B) subject, adjective, adverb, verb.
(C) verb, noun, adjective, adverb.
(D) noun, adjective, verb, adverb.
(E) adjective, adverb, noun, verb.
INGLÊS
Chapter 12
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8º Ano
What do you imagine if someone says:
“There are two bag in the kitchens. Whose
are them?”
It very strange. People will understand him, but
they will notice that he don’t know singular and plural
of nouns.
©iStockphoto.com/SIphotography
There to be – Past (affirmative, negative e interrogative) –
Vocabulary: singular and plural nouns
In this chapter, we are going to study the singular and
plural of the nouns and how to say “existir” in English,
either for singular or plural nouns.
Objetivos:
–melhorar gramática;
–melhorar a correção ortográfica;
–corrigir erros de gráfica.
1. Singular and plural nouns
Singular
Nouns são os chamados substantivos. Os substantivos
dão nomes a pessoas, coisas, lugares, etc. Assim como em
português, os substantivos podem vir no plural ou no
singular. Para se formar o plural basta acrescentar “-s”
para a maioria dos substantivos.
Obs.: Lembrando que adjetivos em inglês nunca vão para
o plural, como acontece na língua portuguesa.
E.g.:
Singular
Plural
apple
apples
bag
bags
cap
caps
dog
dogs
elephant
elephants
girl
girls
hotel
hotels
igloo
igloos
jacket
jackets
kangaroo
Plural
novel
novels
orbit
orbits
picture
pictures
rat
rats
secret
secrets
tower
towers
unicorn
unicorns
valley
valleys
word
words
zebra
zebras
Mas toda regra tem sua exceção:
•
Palavras terminadas em CH, S, SH, O (a maioria),
X e Z, acrescenta-se “-es”.
box
boxes
bus
buses
brush
brushes
kangaroos
match
matches
lake
lakes
potato
potatoes
mother
mothers
quiz
quizes
•
•
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Chapter 12
Palavras terminadas em F ou FE, troca-se o “-f ” por
“-v” e acrescenta “-es” ou “-s” (a maioria).
•
Algumas palavras não modificam quando vão para
o plural:
half
halves
deer
deer
leaf
leaves
fish
fish
knife
knives
sheep
sheep
wife
wives
yourself
yourselves
Existem também plurais irregulares:
2. There to be – past
O there to be é usado para expressar a existência e
significa existir, haver. Em módulo anterior, já foi estudado
este verbo no presente, agora será estudado no passado.
Este verbo é a união de there com o verbo to be.
child
children
foot
feet
man
men
I
was
mouse
mice
You
were
goose
geese
He, she, it
was
person
people
You, we, they
were
tooth
teeth
Substantivos terminados em “-y” precedido de vogal,
apenas acrescenta-se “-s”.
boy
boys
day
days
toy
toys
Substantivos terminados em “-y” precedido de
consoante, troca-se o “-y” por “-i” e acrescenta-se
“-es”.
baby
babies
butterfly
butterflies
city
cities
story
stories
Relembrando como fica o verbo to be no passado:
A seguir, será formada a estrutura de there to be no
passado. Lembrando que como só existem duas opções
para o passado do verbo to be, fica claro que será usado
was para representar o singular e were para representar
o plural.
Affirmative:
There to be
Complement
a book on the desk.
There was
two books on the desk.
There were
©iStockphoto.com/vicm
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©iStockphoto.com/kemie
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8º Ano
There to be – Past (affirmative, negative e interrogative) –
Vocabulary: singular and plural nouns
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Chapter 12
8º Ano
Interrogative:
Negative:
There
To be not
Complement
There
was not (wasn’t)
There
were not (weren’t) books on the table.
To be there
a book on the table.
Complement?
Answer
Was there
a book on the
table?
Yes, there was.
Were there
three books on
the table?
No, there weren’t.
Interrogative with wh- word
Usa-se how much or how many se quiser saber quantidade.
something
to be
there
complement?
Answer
How many
books
were
there
on the table?
There were three books on
the table.
©iStockphoto.com/Anna Rise
How much/many
There was a nice house on the other side of the street.
Suddenly one day the house was gone. There were some
cops that used to stay outside this house, day and night,
guarding it. I don’t know exactly why. Maybe there
were important people living in the house, or there was
important information inside and nobody could know
about it. Who knows? The strange thing was that it was
totally gone. This morning when I woke up and passed
by it to go to work, just as I do every day, there wasn’t
anything there except for a sign: DO NOT ENTER,
PRIVATE PROPERTY. Without knowing exactly what
happened we decided to call the police. After all, they
were always there, they would know something, right?
Wrong. They didn’t know anything about it, there
weren’t any notes or phone calls explaining anything.
So now I am even more anxious to know: Was there
someone important living in the house? Were there
cops outside because of something dangerous? Was
there any information at the City Hall? I really need to
investigate this mystery.
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Chapter 12
8º Ano
The word “haver” in English is not the verb to have,
although they look very similar, it is a false friend or
false cognate.
“Haver” or “existir” is the verb there to be.
It is very simple to use because we do not need
to conjugate everything. What we need to know is
that for the present we are going to use there is (for
singular) and there are (for plural), the past tense is
basically the same thing: there was (for singular) and
there were (for plural). As the verb be doesn’t require
any auxiliary verb, to make questions or negative
sentences, the only thing to be done is to invert the
verb order or to add a not after be.
©iStockphoto.com/MACIEJ NOSKOWSKI
E.g.:
There was a nice old car near my house yesterday.
There weren’t tickets left when I went there this
morning.
©iStockphoto.com/SchulteProductions
01 Circle the correct form of the nouns in the parentheses:
a. Jessica has two (childs / children).
b. (Persons / People) like to drink wine when eating
fish.
c. There were four (womans / women) outside; each
one had a (bag / bags) in their hands.
d. There are so many (fish / fishes) in this lake that it
will be easy for us to catch some.
e. She is so afraid of (mouses / mice).
02 Write the plural form of the nouns below:
a.fork
b.potato
c.ladder
d.owner
e.dish
03 Write the singular form of the nouns below:
a.wagons
b.benches
c.axes
d.chickens
e.foxes
04 Complete the sentences using correct form of the
nouns in parentheses, singular or plural:
a. The ___________ from my church have decided to
visit that ___________ today. (lady / woman)
b. There are very nice ___________ in the ___________
that I live. (person / city)
c. Look at the ___________, looks like the ___________
is coming down. (sky / rain).
d. I can’t decide if I buy this ___________ or those
___________. (jacket / shoe)
05 Complete the sentences using there to be in the past:
Were there any tickets left when you bought
yours?
a. _____________________ anyone downstairs when
you got here?
b. He said ______________________ nice books for
him to buy at the garage sale. (negative)
c. _______________________ some mice in the attic,
did you see?
d. _____________________ people waiting for you?
There to be – Past (affirmative, negative e interrogative) –
Vocabulary: singular and plural nouns
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Chapter 12
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8º Ano
He must have known we’d need to share
Complete the sentences with the best option for each one:
01 “________________ a lot of traffic that’s why we took
so long to get here.”
(A) There to be
(B) There are
(C) There were
(D) There is
(E) There was
In order to appreciate
The happiness life brings.
I think He knew our troubled hearts
Would sometimes throb with pain,
At trials and misfortunes,
02 “In 2014 ________________ lots of people in jail
because of corruption.”
(A) there were
(B) was there
(C) there weren’t
The joy of “little things”
(D) were there
(E) there was
Or goals we can’t attain.
He knew we’d need the comfort
Of an understanding heart
To give us strength and courage
To make a fresh, new start.
03 “A huge amount of ________________ that used to
surround the area aren’t seen anymore.”
He knew we’d need companionship,
(A)dear
(B) deer
And so God answered the heart’s great need
(C)deers
(D)dears
With cherished friends... like you!
04 “How many people _________________ at the beach
yesterday?”
(A) are there
(B) was there
(C) there to be
Unselfish... lasting... true,
(D) were there
(E) there is
Available at: <www.friendshippoems.com>.
The plural form of: triumph, life, tear is:
(A) triumph, lives, teares.
(B) triumphes, lifes, teares.
(C) triumphs, lives, tears.
(D) triumphys, lifeses, teare.
(E) triumphy, live, teers.
05 ©iStockphoto.com/Filippo Bacci
Cherrished friends
Brazil police occupy Rio favela
in World Cup operation
Brazilian security forces have occupied one of Rio de
Janeiro’s biggest slums as part of a major crackdown ahead
of the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics.
God must have known there would be times
We’d need a word of cheer,
Someone to praise a triumph
Or brush away a tear.
Some 800 police and special forces moved into the
Mangueira shantytown, without needing to fire a shot,
having announced the raid in advance.
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Chapter 12
©iStockphoto.com/ValterCunha
8º Ano
He says that Rio’s authorities are making an effort to
gain the trust of those living in the slums, who – after
decades of abuse – have got used to seeing the police as
their enemy.
Mangueira – home to one of Rio’s most famous samba
schools – is the 18th favela that the authorities have
occupied recently.
Available at: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).
01 Mark the noun that does not have the same plural
form as in residents:
The slum – or favela – is close to Rio’s famous Maracana
stadium, where the World Cup final will be played.
The pre-dawn operation involved armoured vehicles
and helicopters.
According to the newspaper, O Globo, leaflets were
thrown out of the helicopters, some with photos of wanted
criminals. Others were printed with the police special
forces’ telephone number so that residents could pass on
information about drugs traffickers or weapons.
BBC Brazil correspondent Paulo Cabral says most of
Mangueira’s residents co-operated with the operation, as
they want to rid the area of drug dealers.
(A)Criminals.
(B)Forces.
(C)Women.
(D)Slums.
(E)Dealers.
02 Also according to the text, find 5 nouns and write
them in plural and in singular forms.
a.______________________________________
b.______________________________________
c.______________________________________
d.______________________________________
e.______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INGLÊS
Chapter 13
85
8º Ano
©iStockphoto.com/clownbusiness
Many, much and a lot of –
Vocabulary: countable and
uncountable nouns
Do you usually question the price of
something, or the number of people in a
party, for example?
I bet you do. In this chapter you are going to learn
about quantifiers, words that are used with nouns, or
not, that express the excess of something. Let’s say you
have too much homework today, so you are saying that
there is homework in excess. Because these quantifiers are
used with nouns you are also going to see the difference
between nouns that you can count (1, 2, 3…) and nouns
that you cannot count, called uncountable nouns.
1. Countable and
uncountable nouns
“Nouns”, conforme foi estudado, são os substantivos.
Estes se classificam em contáveis ou incontáveis. Na
maioria das vezes, pode-se pensar que:
I.se é possível colocar um substantivo no plural é
porque ele pode ser contado.
E.g.: vaca – vacas
cow – cows
Leite – é errado falar leites
Milk – é errado falar milks
Objetivos:
–Compreender as regras de uso das quantitativas many,
much e a lot of;
–ampliar o vocabulário relativo a substantivos contáveis e
incontáveis.
II. a maioria dos substantivos incontáveis tem que ser
medidos ou pesados:
E.g.: farinha – deve ser medida, 1 quilo, 100 gramas
flour – 1 kg of flour
Leite – 1 copo, 1 litro, etc.
Milk – 1 glass of milk
Porém, como toda regra tem sua exceção, alguns
produtos vendidos a quilo são contáveis em inglês, como
a maioria das frutas. Outras coisas vendidas por unidade,
– o pão, por exemplo –, são incontáveis em inglês (o pão
de forma é vendido não pela quantidade de fatias, mas
pelo peso, por isso alguns têm mais fatias e outros menos.).
Agora que essa relação já foi compreendida, segue uma
lista de comidas e bebidas contáveis e incontáveis:
juice
©iStockphoto.com/John M Scott
bacon
©iStockphoto.com/ALEAIMAGE
onions
©iStockphoto.com/Grafvision
apples
Uncountables
©iStockphoto.com/Igor Dutina
Countables
eggs
fries
salads
sandwiches
cereal
©iStockphoto.com/JoeGough
©iStockphoto.com/caracterdesign
bread
butter
cake
catchup
©iStockphoto.com/adlifemarketing
©iStockphoto.com/Claudio Ventrella
sauce
©iStockphoto.com/craftvision
©iStockphoto.com/diane555
©iStockphoto.com/Denira777
©iStockphoto.com/egal
Countables
©iStockphoto.com/Savany
potatoes
©iStockphoto.com/AlasdairJames
peanuts
©iStockphoto.com/newpi
pancakes
©iStockphoto.com/Smitt
cupcakes
©iStockphoto.com/popovaphoto
cookies
©iStockphoto.com/Chris Elwell
©iStockphoto.com/Marek Mnich
carrots
©iStockphoto.com/Floortje
©iStockphoto.com/Stephanie Phillips
oranges
©iStockphoto.com/Floortje
©iStockphoto.com/matsou
©iStockphoto.com/Katherine Moffitt
candies
©iStockphoto.com/Caziopeia
©iStockphoto.com/ValentynVolkov
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©iStockphoto.com/ajafoto
8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 13
Uncountables
meat
milk
oil
pasta
rice
beans
watermelon
©iStockphoto.com/demyopio
©iStockphoto.com/st.casper
©iStockphoto.com/donstock
©iStockphoto.com/MacPro
©iStockphoto.com/singidavar
©iStockphoto.com/MarekMnich
tomatoes
©iStockphoto.com/amphotora
vegetables
©iStockphoto.com/milanfoto
©iStockphoto.com/art-4-art
©iStockphoto.com/ivanmateev
©iStockphoto.com/jungohgalleria
©iStockphoto.com/Hyrma
Countables
©iStockphoto.com/MKucova
olives
©iStockphoto.com/hdagli
©iStockphoto.com/CharlieAJA
sausages
©iStockphoto.com/Materio
hot dogs
©iStockphoto.com/eROMAZe
©iStockphoto.com/svariophoto
hamburgers
©iStockphoto.com/TPopova
©iStockphoto.com/Peter Zijlstra
grapes
©iStockphoto.com/BojanKontrec
©iStockphoto.com/FotografiaBasica
Many, much and a lot of –
Vocabulary: countable and uncountable nouns
Chapter 13
INGLÊS
cheese
coffee
flour
ham
honey
ice-cream
jam
87
8º Ano
Uncountables
salt
seafood
soup
sugar
tea
yogurt
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INGLÊS
Chapter 13
©iStockphoto.com/Petar Chernaev
2. Quantifiers
The quantifiers many, much and a lot of are used to
talk about a large quantity, amount or degree. Usually
many and much are used in interrogative and negative
sentences and a lot of in affirmative sentences. For
questions regarding the amount or quantity of something
we use how many or how much.
2.1 Many
©iStockphoto.com/Antagain
“Many” é usado para expressar a quantidade, quando
se trata de substantivos contáveis no plural.
E.g.: I haven’t got much time to talk to you right now.
Is there much cheese in the refrigerator?
•
Pode também ser usado na afirmativa em linguagem
formal:
E.g.: Much has been done, but we still have
a lot to do.
2.3 A lot of
“A lot of ” é usado para expressar quantidades, seja
de substantivos contáveis ou incontáveis, em sentença
afirmativa, negativa ou interrogativa. Emprega-se informalmente e quer dizer o mesmo que lots of, ainda mais
informal.
•
E.g.: There are a lot of things to be done.
There is a lot of food in the refrigerator.
©iStockphoto.com/alicat
E.g.:
I don’t have many watches.
Do you have many watches?
Em linguagem formal, MANY também pode ser
usado na afirmativa.
E.g.: M
any of my watches are in my mother’s
house.
There are many of my watches in my mother’s
house.
• Ou com expressões temporais:
E.g.: Josh has come to Brazil many times.
2.2 Much
“Much” é usado para expressar quantidade, quando se
trata de substantivos incontáveis. Normalmente, aparece
em frases negativas e interrogativas.
E.g.: There isn’t a lot of ham. I am going to get
some more.
There aren’t a lot of apples and bananas.
We should buy some more.
Many, much and a lot of –
Vocabulary: countable and uncountable nouns
E.g.: Are there a lot of things to be done?
Is there a lot of rice? I need to prepare lunch
for thirty people.
INGLÊS
©iStockphoto.com/compassandcamera
Many, much e a lot of podem vir acompanhados de
um substantivo ou não.
©iStockphoto.com/g_studio
2.4.1 Quantifiers with a noun
She wasn’t busy. She didn’t have many activities to
do. (acompanhado do substantivo activities)
His brother had a lot of work when he bought the
farm. (acompanhado do substantivo work)
2.4.2 Quantifiers without a noun
E.g.: He didn’t drink much, just a glass of it.
She wasn’t busy. She had some activities but not
many.
Did he have to do a lot of work in his farm?
He didn’t, but his brother had a lot.
2.5 Quantifiers with how
Para saber a quantidade exata ou aproximada de algo,
são feitas perguntas usando a wh-word: how. How many
é usado para substantivos contáveis e how much para
substantivos incontáveis.
8º Ano
E.g.: How much money do you have? (we can count
the coins and the bills, but money is uncountable)
How many students are in this class today?
2.4 Quantifiers with a noun or
without a noun
E.g.: He didn’t drink much water, just a glass of it.
(acompanhado do substantivo água)
89
Chapter 13
Many of us believe Brazil can be free of corruption,
but a lot of people doubt it and are moving to another
country, especially the ones with a lot of money. What
do you think about this? Would you go to another
country, where you could make much more money
but leave away from your family? How many friends
of yours are living or want to live abroad because they
want to get rid of these things that are happening in
our country? How much money do you think a person
needs to move into another country? Do you think
it will be easy for them to find jobs and schools over
there? These and other questions similar to these ones
were in our head right after the 2014 election and the
corruption discovered in our biggest oil company.
How about you? What’s on your mind?
When we talk about large quantities in Portuguese,
we simple use “muito(a) – muitos(as)”.
E.g.: T
em muito pão lá em casa.
Você tem muito dinheiro?
Ele não tem muita paciência.
Nós temos muitas cadeiras para limpar.
In English we have different words referring to
“muito(a) – muitos(as)”. Let’s first separate singular
from plural:
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8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 13
03 Write these words in order to make sentences:
muito (a)
a lot of
many
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
muitos(as)
a lot of
much
E.g.: Th
ere is a lot of bread at home.
a. do / homework / the / a lot of / to / students / science /
have
b. Joe / my / selling / friend / dad / his / is / to / a lot of
/ good / horses
c. book / many / that / my / stories / of / in / are /
grandpa’s
Do you have much money? / Do you have a lot
of money? (informal)
d. playing / the / didn’t / noise / much / when / were /
kids / make / they /
They don’t have much patience. /
They don’t have a lot of patience. (informal)
04 Complete the sentences below with a quantifier:
We have many chairs to clean. /
We have a lot of chairs to clean. (informal)
There are other uses of “muito” in Portuguese that
we use another word:
E.g.: E
ste vestido é muito bonito.
This dress is very pretty.
01 Complete the sentences below using a quantifier
for plural.
a. How ___________________ girls and boys are
playing in the playground downstairs?
b. They didn’t have ____________________ shirts to
choose from.
c. Are there ______________ candies in your bag?
d. She didn’t wash ______________________ shoes
this morning.
e. __________________ symptoms can be reduced by
using that medicine.
02 Fill in the blanks with the verbs in parentheses and
a quantifier.
a. I ______ jokes to share with the students. (have)
b. ____________ recommendations to the nurses?
(there to be)
c. __________ patients ___________ in comma last
night. (be)
d. The kids _____________ books every year. (buy)
a. There is ____________________ bread over there,
why don’t you get some?
b. Why do you think so __________________ birds
are coming here?
c. How __________________ horses are there in your
grandpa’s farm?
d. How ___________________ orange juice are you
going to drink?
05 Complete the sentences below using one of the nouns
in the box, add -s or -es to form plural, if necessary. There
are two extra words.
chicken – advice – information – change –
river – traffic – notebook
a. She gave three hundred dollars to pay for the supermarket, but they didn’t give her _____________
back yet.
b. There was a lot of ____________________ when I
went downtown this morning.
c. My mother needs to buy three ____________ for us
to take to school.
d. Could you please give us all the ___________
regarding the train to Paris?
e. Did you see that the two ______________ meet in
Manaus? It is so beautiful so see, one side is black
and the other is brown.
Many, much and a lot of –
Vocabulary: countable and uncountable nouns
“He bought so ________________ things that he
didn’t know how to carry everything. ___________ of the
fruits fell down and ______________ milk was poured
on the floor.”
02 Mark the sentence below that shows the correct use
of countable and uncountable nouns:
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8º Ano
Coconut tree, coco palm
A thousand years ago, the coconut tree did not even
exist in Tahiti. It was the pioneering Polynesians who
first brought this plant with them in their migrations. A
tree of life in every sense of the phrase, its nut supplies
water, milk and edible pulp; its “heart” is eaten in salads;
its trunk serves as framework for Tahitian huts, and its
palms are woven as roofing.
©iStockphoto.com/ALBERTO POMARES G.
01 Use o equivalente de “muito”, “muita”, “muitos” ou
“muitas” para preencher as lacunas abaixo:
INGLÊS
Chapter 13
(A) Sir, please, I would like a milk, please.
(B) She wanted to give me one advice but I didn’t listen
to her.
(C) They didn’t send the informations about the school.
(D) The doctors said Jeanne is in excellent health.
(E) They didn’t but the breads I asked for.
03 Which alternative can complete the sentences
correct?
I. _________________ cell phones do you have?
II. _________ ham do you need for the sandwiches?
III. _____________ stuff is necessary for you to finish
your work?
(A) How much / How many / How many
(B) How many / How much / How much
(C) How much / How many / How much
(D) How many / How much / How many
(E) How much / How much / How many
04 Qual alternativa está incorreta?
“_________________ Brazilian citizens live in very
poor conditions.”
(A) A lot of
(B) Many
(C)Some
(D) Much
(E) Lots of
05 Every year he spends __________________ money
on cigarettes and beers.
(A) many
(B) not much
(C) a lot of
(D) not many
(E) very
Then, of course, there is the coconut which, when
cut in two and dried in the sun, produces oil. Plait three
1blades of grass and dip into this oil, light... And you have
a lamp. A lamp which not so very long ago was still used
throughout the islands.
01 Nouns in English can be divided into “countable” or
“uncountable” (e.g.: apple × water). In order to indicate
some kind of “measurement” in the case of uncountable
nouns, another noun is required (e.g.: “glasses” or “liters”
of water).
Accordingly, the expression below that is equivalent to
the structure “blades of grass” (ref. 1) is:
(A) structures of steel.
(B) classes of Chinese.
(C) cups of coffee.
(D) floors of wood.
(E) letters of complaint.
02 How many years ago, approximately, was this plant
first taken to Tahiti?
INGLÊS
Chapter 14
92
8º Ano
Text comprehension – Too and not enough – Vocabulary: adjectives to
describe people, friends and false friends
When you know what you want, you can decide if
something is in excess or if is insufficient. In the case of
the picture beside, do you think the room is small enough
for the man to work.
How about a cup of coffee: if you add too much sugar
it will be too sweet, if you add just a little bit of sugar it is
not going to be sweet enough.
That’s exactly what you are going to study in this
chapter. We call it: too and not enough, and you are also
going to study some adjectives that are going to help you
to form the sentences.
©iStockphoto.com/Alexandru Sava
Muito, pouco ou suficiente, o que você acha?
Objetivos:
–Ampliar o vocabulário referente a adjetivos;
–saber utilizar too e (not) enough;
–treinar a interpretação textual.
1. Vocabulary – adjectives
Neste módulo, serão estudadas as estruturas conhecidas como too and not enough. Elas são usadas para
modificar ou dar qualidade a um substantivo ou pronome,
expressando excesso (too) ou insuficiência (not enough).
Para formar essa estrutura são utilizados os adjetivos
e serão estudados agora:
Adjetivos relacionados a cores
Adjetivos relacionados à aparência
beautiful
bonito (a)
clean
limpo (a)
dark
escuro (a)
handsome
bonito (para homens)
light
leve / claro
long
longo (a)
old-fashioned
fora de moda, antiquado(a)
ugly
feio
black
preto(a)
blue
azul
gray
cinza
green
verde
orange
laranja
cheap
barato(a)
pink
rosa
clever
inteligente
purple
roxo(a)
easy
fácil
red
vermelho (a)
expensive
caro
white
branco(a)
famous
famoso(a)
yellow
amarelo(a)
happy
feliz
important
importante
Adjetivos relacionados à condição
Text comprehension – Too and not enough – Vocabulary:
adjectives to describe people, friends and false friends
loud
alto (som)
poor
pobre
rich
rico(a)
sad
triste
strong
forte
weak
fraco(a)
Adjetivos relacionados ao tamanho
big
grande
fat
gordo(a)
great
excelente
large
grande
little
pequeno(a)
short
curto(a)
small
pequeno(a)
tall
alto(a)
thin
magro(a)
tight
apertado(a)
8º Ano
Adjetivos relacionados a quantidades
empty
vazio(a)
few
pouco(a), poucos(as)
full
cheio(a)
heavy
pesado(a)
light
leve
many
muito(a), muitos(as)
2. Too
Para dizer que algo está em excesso, usa-se too:
E.g.:
This bag is too big.
©iStockphoto.com/PickStock
interessante
93
©iStockphoto.com/RossHelen
interesting
INGLÊS
Chapter 14
Adjetivos relacionados ao tempo
rápido(a)
late
tarde
long
comprido(a), longo(a)
modern
moderno(a)
old
velho(a)
old-fashioned
antiquado
quick
rápido
short
curto (período curto de tempo)
slow
devagar
young
jovem
Maria’s hair is too short.
©iStockphoto.com/icyimage
fast
She is becoming too thin.
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INGLÊS
Chapter 14
Affirmative:
Subject
verb too
adjective
complement
That tree
is
too
big
for this
apartment.
The
horses
are
too
weak
to pull this
cart horse.
My friend
Josh
is
too
young
to come with
us.
3. Not enough
Not enough representa que algo ou não é suficiente em
determinada situação. Seguem os exemplos abaixo para
compreender o uso de not enough nas sentenças.
©iStockphoto.com/Kozub Vasyl
E.g.: Those clothes are not big enough for him.
Subject
verb
not
adjective
+ enough
complement
That tree
is
not
small
enough
for this
apartment.
Those
animals
are
not
strong
enough
to pull this cart
horse.
My friend
Josh
is
not
old
enough
to come with
us.
4. Too and enough before nouns
We can also use too and enough before nouns.
E.g.: We need enough water to keep the fish alive.
They spent too much money on that project.
5. Too and enough with adverbs
We can use too before an adverb and enough after
an adverb.
E.g.: Marcia speaks too quietly.
The Brazilian pilot didn’t drive fast enough
to win the race.
6. Too and enough with verbs
We can use too much and enough after verbs.
E.g.: He thinks too much.
They don’t buy enough food.
No primeiro exemplo, a roupa está pequena para o
garoto, então diz-se que ela não é grande o suficiente.
No segundo exemplo, as calças estão muito curtas, então
diz-se que elas não estão compridas o suficiente.
©iStockphoto.com/ozgurdonmaz
These pants aren’t long enough for Joe.
©iStockphoto.com/Helder Almeida
Amber used to be a
very thin girl when she
was in school, but as time
went by, she gained a lot
of weight. A year ago,
she decided to try some
of the clothes she had in
her closet and it was a
disaster: the shirts were
too short – they weren’t
long enough, the pants
were too small – they weren’t large enough and even
her shoes were too tight – they weren’t comfortable
enough as they used to be. Then she realized she had to
lose weight or give all her clothes to someone. But she
made the excellent decision to look for a doctor and
start a diet. Now, about a year later, she is 20 pounds
thinner and feels much happier and confident.
Text comprehension – Too and not enough – Vocabulary:
adjectives to describe people, friends and false friends
INGLÊS
Friends
©iStockphoto.com/Zhabska T.
Human Urinary System
95
Chapter 14
Opportunity
– oportunidade
Important
– importante
Secret – secreto
8º Ano
False friends
Expensive – caro
Official – funcionário público
(nesse caso)
To be embarrassed – ficar sem
graça
Prison – prisão
01 Complete the sentences below using an adjective or
too and not enough:
Kidney failure is when the kidney does not work
well enough and some other disease can increase the
problem. For example, if you have diabetes, or your
pancreas no longer produces enough insulin, is likely
to have renal failure. Another disease is hypertension,
this means that if your blood pressure is too high and
it is not controlled, can cause kidney disease and the
opposite also can happen, if you have kidney disease,
you are likely to have high blood pressure. In our body
all organs have to work perfectly well, not too much
nor too less. It needs to be just enough to keep us in
good shape.
Vocabulary
Kidney: rim
Failure: insuficiência
7. Friends and false friends
You already know what are friend words and false
friend words, right? So, let’s learn some more.
a. The Eiffel Tower wasn’t _________________enough
to maintain.
b. Poisson was _______________ interested in it.
c. Poisson wasn’t ____________________ enough to
see everything was a lie.
d. Poisson didn’t tell the police because he was too
__________________.
02 Write the words in order to make sentences:
a. cars / buy / some / one / are / to / too / can’t afford /
expensive, / I
b. rest / Jonathan / he / a day, / to / works / time / too /
have / many / hours / doesn’t
c. enough, / we / one / this / other / wine / should / good
/ that / isn’t / buy
d. big / Rebeca, / purse? / could / enough / you / not /
bring / is / me / one / the / this / other
03 Make sentences using too or not enough:
a. music / loud – __________________________
©iStockphoto.com/RedBarnStudio
You will probably study in Biology about the
human body and its organs. An important organ is the
kidney, which are actually two. Kidneys are important
because they are responsible for filtering the blood and
the production of some hormones. So, if the kidneys
are not working well, filtering is not good enough and
the whole body suffers.
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8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 14
©iStockphoto.com/Firstsignal
b. car / fast – _____________________________
05 “She can’t buy a new car because she hasn’t _______
________________________.”
(A) got money enough
(B) got enough money
(C) got too little money
(D) got too much money
c. tortoises / fast – _________________________
©iStockphoto.com/yvon52
The man who sold the Eiffel Tower
©iStockphoto.com/PeskyMonkey
e. house / small – _________________________
04 “He said he isn’t drinking the coffee because it is
_____________________”.
(A) too cold
(B) enough cold
(C) too little cold
(D) not enough hot
©iStockphoto.com/Yakovliev
©iStockphoto.com/patrickheagney
d. kid / old / drive a car– _____________________
Paris, 1925. World War I had finished and the city was
full of people with cash looking for business opportunities.
Victor Lustig was reading the newspaper one day and
found an article about the Eiffel Tower. It said the tower
was being neglected because it was too expensive to
maintain. Lustig a great ‘business opportunity’ – he would
sell the Eiffel Tower!
Lustig wrote to six important businessmen in the city
and invited them to a secret meeting in a well-known Paris
hotel. He said he was a government official and he told
them that he wanted to talk about a business deal. All six
of the businessmen came to the meeting.
At the meeting, Lustig told them that the city wanted
to sell the Eiffel Tower for scrap metal and that he had
been asked to find a buyer. He said that the deal was
secret because it would not be popular with the public.
The businessmen believed him, perhaps the Eiffel Tower
was never planned to be permanent. It had been built as
part of the 1889 Paris Expo, and the original plan had
been to remove it in 1909.
Lustig rented a limousine and took the men to visit the
tower. After the tour, he said that if they were interested,
they should contact him the next day. Lustig told them
Text comprehension – Too and not enough – Vocabulary:
adjectives to describe people, friends and false friends
Lustig sold Poisson a false contract for the Eiffel
Tower – and on top of that, Poisson paid him a little
extra money “under the table”. Lustig put all the money
in a suitcase and took the first train to Vienna. Poisson
never told the police what had happened – he was too
embarrassed. After a month, Lustig returned to Paris and
tried to sell the Eiffel Tower again, but this time somebody
told the police and he had to escape to America. There,
he continued his criminal career and finished his days in
the famous Alcatraz prison.
b. This house ______________ (be / big) for the two
of us, why don’t we sell it and buy a smaller one.
c. Monica and Brian __________ (save / money) to buy
a new house downtown.
d. The test last week ______________(be / easy) for the
students. They got excellent grades.
02 Complete each sentence according to the pictures:
a.
“Jimmy, can you please stop wearing your father’s
clothes? They are way ______________ for you.”
b.
Oxford UP 2009 – English Result. p.62 (adapted).
01 According to the text, Victor Lustig sold the Eiffel
Tower because:
02 Why the government was neglecting the tower?
03 Who did Lustig invite to the meeting?
c.
04 What was the meeting about?
“The weather nowadays is _________________
Everyone should have air conditioning.”
©iStockphoto.com/samheaton
(A) he intended to sell the scrap metal of the tower.
(B) it was too expensive for him to maintain the
monument.
(C) some investors approached him with the interest in
buying the tower.
(D) he had the intention to make a profit.
8º Ano
©iStockphoto.com/mediaphotos
The two men had a meeting, and Lustig confessed
that he wasn’t looking for the highest offer. He said he
would give the contract to anybody – for a price. Poisson
understood: Lustig wanted a little extra money “under the
table” for himself. This was Lustig’s cleverest lie, because
now Poisson believed him completely.
97
©iStockphoto.com/pkline
he would give the tower contract to the person with the
highest offer. One of the dealers, Andre Poisson, was very
interested, but he was also worried. Why was Lustig in
such a hurry?
INGLÊS
Chapter 14
05 Como Lustig convenceu Poisson da compra?
(responda em português).
01 Complete the sentences using too or not enough and
the nouns in the parentheses:
a. Jimmy _______________ (not / have / money) to go
to the concert, I wonder if I could pay for him.
“This chair isn’t __________________________. It
always gives me backache.”
INGLÊS
Chapter 15
98
8º Ano
Simple past (affirmative, negative
and interrogative) – Vocabulary:
verbs
1. Simple Past
*
presente
1.1 Regular verbs
Acrescenta-se “-ed” aos verbos regulares.
E.g.: work – worked
cook – cooked
play – played
deliver – delivered
Existem algumas exceções para esta regra:
•
Se o verbo terminar em “-e”, apenas acrescenta-se o
“-d”.
E.g.: arrive – arrived
–Melhorar a gramática;
–melhorar a correção ortográfica;
–corrigir os erros de grafia.
•
Neste módulo, será revista a estrutura de passado
simples, quando os fatos ocorreram em um tempo
específico no passado. Esses verbos requerem um verbo
auxiliar para fazer as frases negativas e interrogativas. Isto
quer dizer que todas as vezes que este auxiliar for usado
ele representará que a frase está no passado e, por isto, o
verbo principal volta para sua estrutura de base, ou seja,
o infinitivo (dançar, comer, beber, etc.). O auxiliar para os
verbos do passado será o did. Ele não tem significado na
frase, é apenas usado para representar o passado.
passado
Objetivos:
Se o verbo terminar em consoante e vogal e tiver uma
sílaba, a consoante final deve ser duplicada.
E.g.: beg – begged (implorar)
•
Se o verbo terminar em consoante e vogal e tiver duas
sílabas e a última sílaba for tônica, a consoante final
deve ser duplicada.
E.g.: prefer – preferred
•
Se o verbo terminar em “-y”, precedido de consoante,
troca-se o “-y” por “-i” e acrescenta-se “-ed”.
E.g.: study – studied
©iStockphoto.com/RapidEye
Well there is a song called Yesterday, it was written by
John Lennon and Paul McCartney in 1965. Yesterday is
an adverb of time that refers to the past, as well as other
words such as: last night, last month, two weeks ago, etc.
We talk about the past all the time. In this chapter you are
going to learn how the verbs are used in the past, and how
the English rules are used to transform the verbs into their
past form. Did you learn that before? If you did, great, but
if you didn’t learn, this is your time.
©iStockphoto.com/Jurgen Francois
Do you know any Beatle’s song?
Simple past (affirmative, negative and interrogative) –
Vocabulary: verbs
Verb + ed
Complement
Did
Did not
Verb
Complement
– infinitive
I
You
He/She/It
Did
Subject
studied a lot for the test.
Negative:
Subject
99
8º Ano
Interrogative:
Affirmative:
Subject
I
You
He/She/It
We/You/They
INGLÊS
Chapter 15
didn’t
Verb
– infinitive
Complement
I
Yes, I did. / No,
I didn’t.
you
Yes, you did. /
No, you didn’t
he/she/it
study for the Yes, he (she/it) did.
test yesterday?
/ No, he
(she/it) didn’t.
we/you/
they
Yes, we (you,they)
did. / No, we (you,
they) didn’t.
study for the test.
©iStockphoto.com/Jozz
We/You/They
1.2 Irregular verbs
Os verbos irregulares são aqueles que o passado não
pode ser formado por meio da partícula “-ed”, e para isto
é necessário memorizar a tabela de verbos que está antes
dos exercícios. A primeira coluna refere-se aos verbos
no infinitivo (andar, correr, pular, sorrir, etc.), a segunda
coluna, aos verbos no passado e a terceira, aos verbos no
particípio (estes verbos serão estudados mais para frente).
A estrutura verbal desses verbos é feita da mesma maneira
que os regulares.
In History you are going to learn about things that
happened at a particular time in the past. In Brazil
for example, the Independence occurred between the
years of 1821 and 1824 and the military dictatorship
ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985; in America the terrorist
attacks happened in New York on September 11, 2001,
which nobody forgets about; and so on. That’s what
History is all about, to let us know about things that
happened in the past when maybe, we weren’t even born
yet. How much do you enjoy learning about the past?
Some people don’t like to remember certain things, but
most of them were very important.
Affirmative:
Subject
Verb
(2a coluna)
Complement
drew
a beautiful butterfly
on the wall.
I
You
He/She/It
We/You/They
100 INGLÊS
Chapter 15
8º Ano
Negative:
Infinitive
Subject
Did not
Verb
Complement
– infinitive
I
You
He/She/It
We/You/They
didn’t
draw a beautiful butterfly
on the wall.
Interrogative:
Did
Subject
Verb – infinitive
I
you
Did he/she/it
we/you/
they
draw a butterfly
on the wall?
Complement?
Yes, I did. / No,
I didn’t.
Yes, you did. /
No, you didn’t
Yes, he (she/it)
did. / No, he
(she/it) didn’t.
Yes,
we (you,they)
did. / No,
we (you, they)
didn’t.
©iStockphoto.com/kroach
When I lived in Belo Horizonte, I sang in a music
choir at school. I loved the Christmas songs, but my
uncle hated the music vocal arrangement. He just
liked blues. Yesterday I received a letter from him. In
the letter he wrote that he was living in a small town in
the state of Bahia, and that last year he met a beautiful
young woman named Sueli and that they decided to
get married. The wedding was last month. Last night
I bought a wedding gift and this morning I went to
the post office to send the a letter and the gift to them.
In the letter I wished them happiness.
Past tense
Past participle
A
Arise
Arose
Arisen
Awake
Awoke
Awoken
B
Be
Was / were
Been
Beat
Beat
Beaten
Become
Became
Become
Begin
Began
Begun
Bend
Bent
Bent
Bet
Bet
Bet
Bite
Bit
Bitten
Blow
Blew
Blown
Break
Broke
Broken
Bring
Brought
Brought
Broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast
Build
Built
Built
Buy
Bought
Bought
C
Catch
Caught
Caught
Choose
Chose
Chosen
Come
Came
Come
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cut
Cut
Cut
D
Do
Did
Done
Draw
Drew
Drawn
Drink
Drank
Drunk
Drive
Drove
Driven
E
Eat
Ate
Eaten
F
Fall
Fell
Fallen
Feed
Fed
Fed
Feel
Felt
Felt
Simple past (affirmative, negative and interrogative) –
Vocabulary: verbs
INGLÊS
Infinitive
Past tense
Past participle
Fight
Fought
Fought
Find
Found
Found
Read
Read
Read
Fly
Flew
Flown
Ride
Rode
Ridden
Forbid
Forbade
Forbiden
Run
Run
Run
Forget
Forgot
Forgotten
Forgive
Forgave
Forgiven
G
Infinitive
Past tense
R
S
Say
Said
Said
See
Saw
Seen
Got
Got (gotten)
Sell
Sold
Sold
Give
Gave
Given
Send
Sent
Sent
Go
Went
Gone
Show
Showed
Shown
Grow
Grew
Grown
Sing
Sang
Sung
Sit
Sat
Sat
Have
Had
Had
Sleep
Slept
Slept
Hear
Heard
Heard
Spend
Spent
Spent
Hide
Hid
Hid, hidden
Sing
Sang
Sung
Hold
Held
Held
Sit
Sat
Sat
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Sleep
Slept
Slept
Speak
Spoke
Spoken
K
Keep
Kept
Kept
Spend
Spent
Spent
Know
knew
Known
Spill
Spilled / Spilt
Spilled / Spilt
Stand
Stood
Stood
L
Leave
Left
Left
Steal
Stole
Stolen
Lend
Lent
Lent
Swim
Swam
Swum
Lose
Lost
Lost
M
T
Take
Took
Taken
Make
Made
Made
Teach
Taught
Taught
Mean
Meant
Meant
Tell
Told
Told
Meet
Met
Met
Think
Thought
Thought
Throw
Threw
Thrown
P
Pay
Paid
Paid
Put
Put
Put
Q
Quit
Quit
Quit
8º Ano
Past participle
Get
H
101
Chapter 15
W
Wear
Wore
Worn
Win
Won
Won
Write
Wrote
Written
102
8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 15
01 Complete the sentences below with the past form of
the verbs in parentheses:
03 Fill in the sentences using the simple past, with one
of the verbs from the box:
a. He _________________ that tree when he was a little
kid. (plant)
cost – drink – hear – know – make – pay
b. The accident _________________ last night near the
farm. (happen)
c. What _________________ (she/study) when she
was living in Canada?
d. Joanna _________________ (not/stay) here, she
_________________ (decide) to go to the hotel
across the street.
e. James _________________ a nice movie last night.
(watch)
f.
Last year, my great friend from Japan __________ to
America with her daughter. (travel)
g. Where _________________ (you/have) dinner last
night?
h. My father _________________ (ask) me to wash his
car.
i.
Last week she ____________________ piano a lot.
(to practice)
j.
Nina _____________ so many things on the trip she
______________ last January. (buy / take)
k. Yesterday it ____________________ a lot in the
south of Brazil, causing floods all over. (rain)
l.
My uncle __________ smoking last Christmas when
he ______________ he was having a lung problem.
(stop / hear)
02 Write sentences in the simple past:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mike / draw / picture / bird
we / stop / smoking / January
Paul / pay / bike / cash
Dr. Smith / spend / 5 hours / operating room.
a. Mary ____________ (not) what to do to make her
uncle feel at home.
b. Janet was looking for a new apartment. She found
two. One was very little but it ____________ too
much and the other was big but far away from
downtown.
c. My parents ____________ five sandwiches for us to
take on the trip to Búzios.
d. ____________ you ____________ the whole bottle
of wine? I can’t believe it.
e. Why ____________ she ____________ 200 dollars
to that guy?
f. He ____________ (not) my mother saying she
wanted a chocolate ice-cream.
04 “Where _____________________ that nice jacket
you were wearing last night?”
(A) you bought
(B) you buy
(C) you buyed
(D) did you buy
(E) you did buy
05 Complete the sentences below using the simple past
or the simple present:
a. They always __________________ us to pay
attention to what he is saying. (to ask)
b. She ____________________ all her patients were
acting strange yesterday. (think)
c. What ________________ (you) for fun? (to do)
d. Sheila _____________ the whole dictionary when
she was younger. (to translate)
©iStockphoto.com/Dariusz Miszkiel
01 Fill in the blanks with the past form of the irregular verbs:
INGLÊS
Chapter 15
103
8º Ano
Finally I ___________ (decide) to look in the little room
under the pool and for my surprise there she ___________
(be), taking care of six new born puppies.
This text refers to questions from 03 to 05:
©iStockphoto.com/Photographer: Leonardo Patrizi
Simple past (affirmative, negative and interrogative) –
Vocabulary: verbs
Take – see – show – be – send
Jason ________ a rare bird last week, he ________ a
picture of it, ________ (he) you? He ________ it to his
mother by mail. At that time he ________ in the Amazon
studying birds.
©iStockphoto.com/Elen11
02 Complete the text filling with the verbs in the simple
past:
Are we happier than the teens in Philadelphia in the
1950s?
Being a teenager today is pretty hard. We have to deal
with lots of things such as school, friends, family, and, of
course, keeping up with the latest fashion. With all this
in mind, I decided to interview my Grandma Beatrice to
find out if teenagers in other generations had the same
issues, dreams and hopes.
Ana: What did you use to do on weekends when you
were a teenager, Grandma?
Beatrice: First of all, you must remember we had
Elvis Presley and the birth of rock and roll in the 1950s.
Saturdays were special days: we used to go to dances and
watch the American Bandstand TV Show. We had a lot
of fun dancing and chatting with the boys.
Ana: And how did your parents react to that?
When I ___________ (wake) up this morning I
___________ (not/see) my dog Julie. She ___________
(not/be) anywhere. I __________ (become) so anxious.
First I ___________ (go) outside to see if she ___________
(be) on the street. Then I ___________ (call) the security
guys to ask if they ___________ (see) her in the morning.
Beatrice: Oh, that was a problem. We used to have a
record player in our living room and our parents decided
what to play on it. We wanted to listen to rock and roll,
but my mom and dad didn’t like it. So we were forced to
listen to our parents’ music.
Ana: So, didn’t you use to listen to rock and roll
at all?
Beatrice: We sure did! We used to go to the soda
fountain after school and listen to Elvis’s songs there. We
didn’t use to have our own CD player or MP3 player like
you teens have today.
104
8º Ano
INGLÊS
Chapter 15
Ana: Did you use to spend a lot of money on clothes?
Beatrice: No, we didn’t. We used to make our own
clothes, not buy them. All the girls knew how to sew and
every home had a sewing machine.
Ana: Did you use to spend a long time helping your
mom around the house?
Beatrice: Yes, we did. I remember that my mother,
your great-grandma, used to wash all our clothes by hand
and when washing machines were invented, she didn’t
want to use them. The same thing happened when dad
bought a vacuum cleaner.
Ana: Do you believe that teenagers in the 1950s were
happier than modern teens?
Beatrice: Yes, I think so. Life was less complicated
when I was young and we did not have the stresses of
modern life. Anyway, I still believe that the teenage years
are the best years of our lives no matter when they happen.
As we can see, despite technology and all the facilities
modern life has to offer, Grandma honestly feels that her
generation was happier. Personally, I think she might be
right.
Uno Sistema de Ensino – Caderno 2. 2. ed. São Paulo: Moderna, 2011. p. 378.
03 Mark the option which contains the right true or false
sequence.
(
(
(
(
(
) Ana’s grandma used to wash clothes by hand.
) Rock and roll music rise happened in the 50s.
) Beatrice’s parents’ favorite music was not rock.
) Ana liked to buy the latest fashion.
) Beatrice did not use household appliances.
(A) F – T – T – F – F.
(B) T – F – F – T – F.
(C) T – T – F – F – T.
(D) F – F – T – T – T.
04 How many record players did each house use to have?
Was she able to choose the song she wanted to listen to?
05 What’s the grandma’s opinion about happiness?
Was the life in the 1950’s happier than the one we have
today? Why?
01 Reescreva a frase abaixo colocando os verbos no
passado:
“Mom thinks she drives very fast and that she can
have an accident.”
02 Complete as sentenças usando os verbos no passado
simples e depois passe as frases para interrogativa e
negativa:
a. For the first time in the year Charles ___________
to school this morning. (to drive)
b. Dad ___________ a nice meal last night. It was
delicious. (cook)
c. The teachers said everyone ___________ to leave the
class and enter again. (to have)
d. He ___________ about the corruption in one of the
biggest industries in Brazil. (talk)
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