wyalsatevebi da sazRvao gzebi

axlo aRmosavleTi: sivrce, xalxi da politika
Tavi 1. mdebareoba da bunebrivi pirobebi
revaz gaCeCilaZe
`nayofier naxevarmTvares~ uwodeben siriis udab­
nos gar­­Semo, siriis, TurqeTisa da erayis farglebSi
mde­ba­re, Se­­da­re­biT meti tenianobis mqone da sakmaod
na­yo­fier miwebs. es fizikur-geografiuli faqtore­
bi ganapi­ro­bebda imas, rom swored `nayofieri naxevarmTvaris~ te­ri­­to­riaze, romelic zemo Suamdi­na­
reT­sac moicavs, Camoya­lib­da wina aziis uZvelesi
civilizaciebi.
wyalsatevebi da sazRvao gzebi
nax. 1.1.
ZiriTadi geografiuli orientirebi axlo aRmo­sav­leT­Si
sr
ut
e
k a v
k a
s i
o
Tbilisi
m T e b
i
g
ankara
e
o
s
qu
i
s
Tuzis tba
al-jazira
is
ta
so
po
ta
ni
z
a
g
md.
baRdadi
r
mi
a
daST-e qaviris
udabno
daST-e luTis
udabno
isfahani
s
i
i
s
m
T
i
-h
a
as
r
o
s e
T i s
r
y u
e
n
ma
ebi
mT
is
yu
rm
o
uzi
s srute
kataris
n-li
a
is
o
i
vl
sa
j
medina
a
is
eT
z
arabeTis naxevarkunZuli
i
i
T
o
bn
w
da
)u
asuanis kaSxali
najdi
h
mo
si
libiis
(dasavleTis) udabno
(aR
il
m. n
eT
ab
ar
an-nafudis
udabno
p
h
al
suecis arxi
meq
b
s
quveiTi
nis
ra
e
md. Sat al-arabi
mkvdari zRva
sinas
n-li
o
karun
me
maShadi
ebi
elbursis mT
Teirani
siriis
udabno
ierusalimi
kairo
qofeT- daRis mT
ebi
urmias tba
si
ro
ig
vf
ra
t
damasko
xmelTaSua zRva
aleqsandria
rT
.t
md. e
vanis
tba
md
beiruTi
i
i
k. kreta
k. kviprosi
eb
mT
v a n ti
le
v a
z R
k. rodosi
zRva
araratis mTa
anatolia
tavrosis
kva
ri
zi
md. are
ar-rub al-halis
udabno
meqa
e
l
i
naseris tba
z
asiri
iemeni
b
ba
os
i
ma
ha
a
i
eb
mT
is
T
au
am
r
d
d
an
-m
al
md. nil
v
ti
R
nubiis
udabno
ha
e
dardanelis
srute
n t o s
p o
kaspiis
i
bo
stamboli
n
md. mt
sf
or
is
Savi zRva
is
ab
adeni
t
u
sr
e
38
adenis yure
arabeTis zRva
r
e
samxreT-aRmosavleT frontiT – arabeTisa da wi­
T­eli zRve­bis, sparseTisa5 da omanis yureebis meSve­
obiT – re­gi­oni ga­­­dis indoeTis okeaneSi, xolo da­
savleTiT mas ga­­sa­s­vleli aqvs at­­­lan­tis okeanisaken –
xmelTaSua zRvisa da misi sistemis (ege­osis, marmari­
los, Sa­vi) zRvebis me­Sve­o­biT. irani Crdi­lo­e­TiT ga­
dis kaspiis zRvaze. yve­la ze­mo­xse­ne­bu­li wyal­sa­te­­vi
mniSvne­lo­va­ni sana­os­­no arteriaa. or maTganze cota
meti unda iTqvas.
sparseTis yurem, ro­me­lic Rrmad iW­re­ba konti­
nentSi, XIX saukunis bolodan msoflio stra­te­giuli
mniS­v­ne­loba SeiZina da dRemde inarCunebs mas. XX sau­
kuneSi ki aRmoCnda, rom es wyalmarCxi yure (siRrme
iSviaTad aWar­bebs 90 metrs) da mi­si mi­m­de­bare xmele­
Ti msoflioSi um­did­res nav­To­bi­sa da gazis sabado­
ebs Seicavs. 1990-1991 da 2003 wlebSi spar­se­Tis yuris
qveregioni mso­flio mniS­vne­lo­bis poli­ti­kuri kri­
zi­se­bis arena gaxda, rac mni­Svne­lo­van­wilad ukav­Sir­
de­bo­da bu­neb­riv simdidreebze kontrols.
kaspiis zRva, romlis auzsac ekuTvnis TiTqmis mTe­
5 arabul qveynebSi ar iyeneben termins `sparseTis yure~: maT­­­­T­vis es `ara­buli
yurea~. inglisurenovan literaturaSi am po­li­ti­zebuli geog­ra­fi­uli
problemis Tavidan asa­­ci­­leblad ub­ra­lod `yures~ ax­se­ne­ben, ro­mel­sac
mTav­ruliT weren (The Gulf). am wignSi gamo­ye­ne­bu­lia tra­di­­ci­­uli termini
`sparseTis yure~.
39
wyalsatevebi da sazRvao gzebi
al-jazira (jezira), rac arabulad `kunZuls~ niS­
navs, aris zemo meso­po­tamia, romelic moicavs terito­
rias baRdadis Crdilo-da­sav­­le­TiTa da CrdiloeTiT,
erayis, si­riisa da, nawilobriv, Tur­qe­Tis farglebSi;
kilikia, amJamindeli TurqeTis adanisa da iCelis
il­eb
­ is* farglebSi mdebare teritoriis istoriuli
sa­xe­lia. aq mde­­ba­re­obs Cukurovas nayo­fi­e­ri dablo­
bi, romel­sac rwyavs mdi­na­re­e­bis – seihanisa da jeiha­
nis – wya­li. swored jeihanis Se­sar­Tav­Tan mdebareobs
is ter­­mi­na­li, ro­mel­sac miewodeba navTobi kaspiis
zRvis auzi­dan.