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Non-Technical Report
SEA TURTLE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF THE ISLAND
OF PRÍNCIPE
Season 2012/13
ÍNDICE
1 PROJECT PRESENTATION ____________________________________________________________________3
2 ATM’S TEAM IN PRÍNCIPE ___________________________________________________________________3
3 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT’S AREA ____________________________________________________________4
3.1 Summary Characterization of the Nesting Beaches ______________________________________________5
4 SEA TURTLE SPECIES ON THE ISLAND OF PRÍNCIPE _______________________________________________6
4.1 Summary Description of the Main Sea Turtle Species Nesting on the Island of Príncipe _________________7
5 ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED AND RESULTS _________________________________________________________7
5.1 Scheduling of the Activities _________________________________________________________________7
5.2 Monitoring of Nesting Activities at the Beaches _________________________________________________8
5.2.1 Coordination of the monitoring activities ____________________________________________________8
5.3 Collection of Biological and Ecological data ____________________________________________________9
5.3.1 Protection Activities’ Coordination__________________________________________________________9
5.3.1.1 Type of data collected __________________________________________________________________9
5.3.1.2 Data collection protocols ________________________________________________________________9
5.3.2 Main Results __________________________________________________________________________10
5.3.2.1 Overall nesting monitoring _____________________________________________________________10
5.3.2.2 Nesting monitoring - beaches ___________________________________________________________11
5.3.2.3 Monitoring of the nesting activities by species ______________________________________________13
5.3.2.4 Nest monitoring ______________________________________________________________________14
5.3.2.5 Tagging Program ______________________________________________________________________15
5.4 Protection and Surveillance Activities ________________________________________________________15
5.4.1 Coordination of protection activities _______________________________________________________16
5.4.2 Activities carried out ____________________________________________________________________16
5.5 Community Integration and Ecotourism ______________________________________________________17
5.5.1 Praia Grande Visitors Centre ______________________________________________________________17
5.6 Raising Awareness of the Local Communities __________________________________________________17
5.7 Technical Training and Scientific Support _____________________________________________________19
5.7.1 Partnerships and institutional contacts _____________________________________________________19
5.7.2 Standardization of monitoring protocols ____________________________________________________20
5.7.3 Training ______________________________________________________________________________20
5.8 Project Dissemination ____________________________________________________________________21
6 FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS ______________________________________________________________22
6.1 Conservation, Surveillance and Monitoring Activities ___________________________________________22
6.1.1 Nesting beaches _______________________________________________________________________22
6.1.2 Marine area ___________________________________________________________________________23
6.1.3 Creation of the national conservation database ______________________________________________23
6.1.4 Increase in scientific knowledge ___________________________________________________________23
6.2 Awareness Activities and Involvement of Local Communities _____________________________________23
REFERENCES ________________________________________________________________________________24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _______________________________________________________________________24
ATTACHMENTS ______________________________________________________________________________25
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Sea Tutle Conservation Project of the Island of Príncipe - NON-TECHNICAL REPORT 2012/13
1
PROJECT PRESENTATION
The Sea Turtle Conservation Program on Príncipe Island was the result of a Research Agreement signed in 2012 between the
company Here Be Dragons (HBD hereinafter) and the Association for the Protection, Research and Conservation of Sea Turtles
in Lusophone Countries (hereinafter ATM).
In 2012/13 this project had as main objectives: a) to survey and establish a characterization of the current status of sea
turtles nesting on the Príncipe Island (including identifying breeding species, their abundance and distribution in main nesting
beaches); and b) to implement a monitoring and protection program of the main nesting sites, as identified in previous
studies carried out on the island of Príncipe (Ferreira et al., 2012).
The ATM has therefore initiated its work in São Tome and Príncipe in 2012, giving continuation to some aspects of the work
previously initiated by initiatives such as the Sada Program, and the Sea Turtle Commission, so that specific
recommendations can be given to the government, public and private stakeholders for the adequate management and
recovery of the sea turtles in the archipelago, particularly on the island of Príncipe, and by developing activities to promote
environmental education and conservation awareness.
MAIN OBJECTIVES - 2012/13
1.
Carry out a survey of the nesting beaches near or inside HBD proposed development sites to determine
and monitor the distribution and abundance of sea turtle nesting and nest fate;
2.
Evaluate the actual and potential anthropogenic threats, to the habitats critical to the survival of sea
turtles, to allow the development of management plans specific to each habitat, the creation of protected areas
and identify areas where restrictions to artificial lighting on the beach may be imposed, among others;
3.
Define the basis for the integration of sea turtle conservation projects on the island in future
development and ecotourism plans;
4.
Promote and facilitate the participation of locals in conservation actions, and increase the awareness
about the conservation status of the sea turtles, as well as their ecological, social and economic importance;
5.
Strengthen the existing and future monitoring programs, promote the support to conservation
initiatives and support the relevant authorities in the implementation of the sea turtle protection law;
6.
Provide specialized, professional assistance to architects, landscape architects and other professionals
involved in the development of HBD’s concession zones.
2
ATM’S TEAM IN PRÍNCIPE
In 2012/13, the Project Coordinator, who was the biologist Joana Hancock, and a group of 15 local guards constituted the
ATM’s team on the island of Príncipe (Fig. 2.1). The initial team of guards was formed by seven beach guards who had been
responsible for the protection of Praia Grande in previous seasons and two marine guards, who were previous members of
the Sada Program; they were joined by five additional beach guards and one marine guard, all recruited by ATM. The guards
were funded by HBD.
Figure 2.1 – Initial team that worked with HBD
during the 2012/13 season (From left to right:
Domingos Mendes, Lurdinikx Sacramento, Osvalgo
Veiga, Nuno Couto, Lourenço Quaresma, Hualton
Carvalho, Manuel Gomes (Lindo), Paulino Soares,
Osmar Borges and Heldér Pereira (Dedé)).
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3
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT’S AREA
The monitoring of the beaches was mostly focused on the beaches located in HBD concession zones (beaches of Boi, Macaco,
Uba, Sundi and Bom Bom Island Resort (BBIR)), as well as Praia Grande, this later given its recognized importance for sea
turtle nesting, for having been the subject of regular monitoring in previous years, and for being considered an "index beach"
for comparative analysis of existing and historical data.
Also included were the beaches located on the northwest of the island (particularly those located between the beaches of
Iola and Ribeira Izé) and those on the south of the island (Praia Grande do Infante and Praia Seca), but the monitoring was
carried out less regularly (N.B. the distribution of nesting activity on these beaches had been previously studied (Ferreira et
al. 2012) and this information was considered in the decisions taken by the ATM).
The work was structured according to individualized protection areas (as identified in Figure 3.1). All data collected during
the fieldwork using GPS tools were subsequently georeferenced and integrated into a geographic information system (GIS).
Figure 3.1 – Intervention areas
regarding season 2012/13, island of
Príncipe, São Tomé e Príncipe.
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3.1
Summary Characterization of the Nesting Beaches
Praia Grande
Location
N1 33 29.2 E7 24 55.6
Aproximate Length
1.400 m
Nesting species recorded
Chelonia mydas (main),
Dermochelys coriacea
Closest village
Picão, 1,2 km
Eretmochelys
imbricata
and
Eretmochelys
imbricata
and
Boi Beach
Location
N1 40 49.0 E7 27 35.9
Approximate Length
320 m
Closest village
Picão, 3,8 km
Macaco beach
Location
N1 40 54.8 E7 27 09.7
Approximate length
500 m
Eretmochelys
imbricata
(principal),
Chelonia
Dermochelys coriacea e Lepidochelys olivacea
Closest village
Picão, 3 km
mydas,
Uba Beach
Location
N1 40 28.0 E7 27 31.3
Approximate length
50 m
Eretmochelys imbricata
Closest village
Picão, 3,5 km
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Ribeira Izé and Micotó Beaches
Location
N1 41 14.1 E7 23 46.6
Approximate length
1.140 m (Ribeira Izé: 640 m + Micotó: 500 m)
Eretmochelys imbricata (main), Chelonia
Closest village
Aeroporto, 3,5 km; Sundi, 2 km
mydas
and
imbricata
and
Ponta Marmita
Location
N1 40 58.3 E7 22 20.3
Approximate length
50 m
Closest village
Roça da Sundi, 2,2 km
Praia Grande do Infante
Location
N1 33 20.8 E7 25 11.3
Approximate Length
1.400 m
Closest village
Praia Seca, 1,5 km
4
Eretmochelys
SEA TURTLE SPECIES ON THE ISLAND OF PRÍNCIPE
Four species of sea turtles nest on the beaches of Príncipe Island. Chelonia mydas, green turtle ("mão branca" or "ambô" in
local designation), Dermochelys coriacea, leatherback turtle ("Ambulância" or "Fernando Pó" in local designation),
Eretmochelys imbricata, hawksbill turtle ("Sada" or "de caco" in local designation) and Lepidochelys olivacea, olive ridley (or
"tatô" in local designation).
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4.1
Summary Description of the Main Sea Turtle Species Nesting on the Island of Príncipe
Hawksbill sea turtle (Tartaruga de Pente, Bico, Sada, de Caco)
Beaches with recorded activity
All the beaches of the island, with a preference to the beaches of Ribeira Izé e
Micotó during the 2012/13 season
Conservation Status
1
Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List ). The Eastern Atlantic stock of this
species is considered a single management unit (Wallace et al., 2010), with the
population of São Tomé and Príncipe being considered as one of the 10 more
endangered populations in the world (Wallace et al., 2011)
Global population estimate
Approximately 8.000 nesting females
Green Sea Turtle (Tartaruga Verde, Mão Branca, Ambô)
Chelonia mydas
Praia Grande, Grande do Infante, Seca, Rio São Tomé, Boi, Ribeira Izé and
Micotó
Conservation Status
Endangered (IUCN Red List)
200.000 reproductive females
Leatherback Sea Turtle (Tartaruga de Couro, Ambulância, Fernando Pó)
Praia Grande, Grande do Infante, Boi, Macaco, BBIR and Ribeira Izé
Conservation Status
(IUCN Red List)
34.500 reproductive females
5
5.1
ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED AND RESULTS
Scheduling of the Activities
th
th
The monitoring of the sea turtle nesting beaches began on August 20 , 2012 and ended on February 28 , 2013 (Table 5.1). It
should be noted that this period ensured that data was collected in the months of greatest nesting activity, and allowed to
cover the range of dates included in the studies on previous years, thus ensuring a basis for comparison with the existing
historical data. Other activities, such as awareness, were scheduled throughout the season (with one or two weeks in
advance), according to the availability of the coordinator and / or teachers (Table 5.13).
1
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1963, is the world's most
comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.
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JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Surveillance at sea
x
x
x
Beach cleaning and trail
maintenance
x
x
x
Training of the guards
x
x
x
x
Awareness in the communities
x
Awareness in the schools
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Data processing and analysis
(Lisbon, Portugal)
5.2
JUN
DEC
x
MAY
NOV
Beach monitoring
OCT
x
SEP
x
AUG
Pre-Season preparation (Lisbon,
Portugal)
JUL
Activities developed
JUN
Table 5.1 – Timetable of the activities developed through the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Príncipe Island, during the 2012/13
season
x
x
Monitoring of Nesting Activities at the Beaches
Specific Objective:
Carry out a survey of the nesting beaches near or inside HBD proposed development sites to determine and monitor the
distribution and abundance of sea turtle nesting and nest fate.
5.2.1
Coordination of the monitoring activities
The presence of teams of guards on the beaches not only allowed the effective protection of nesting females during the
breeding season, but also the encounter with the turtles, which facilitated the collection of biological data (biometrics and
analysis of the physical condition of females, clutch size, hatching success rates, etc.) and eco-behavioural data (nesting site
selection, times of emergences on the beaches, etc.), and the follow-up of the nests (see 5.2.2.1).
The monitoring plan defined for the 2012/13 season on Príncipe Island is summarized on Table 5.2.
Monitoring of the nesting activity was conducted in two ways - night patrols and daytime surveys - performed as follows:
Night Patrols: scheduled between 18:00h and 06:00h with a minimum duration of 6 hours,
depending of the nesting activity recorded. It allowed the encounter with nesting female
turtles and subsequent recording of data related to its biometry, physical condition, nesting
site selection, time of emergence, and its identification (through external tagging).
Daytime Surveys: organized during the day, carried out whenever possible in the early hours
of the day. Allowed the complete record of nesting activities on the beaches, verification of
data collected by the guards, and investigation of any suspicious activity (poaching of nests
and turtles). It was also during these surveys that the location of the nests was recorded (by
GPS) and in some beaches marked with wooden stakes for their follow-up and evaluation of
the hatching success rates.
Table 5.2 – Description of the type of monitoring developed on each studied beach, during the 2012/13 season.
Beach
Praia Grande
Period
20/08/12 to 15/02/13
01/11/12 to 31/03/13
01/10/12 to 31/01/13
Boi beach (HBD)
Macaco and Uba beaches (HBD)
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01/11/12 to 31/03/13
01/09/12 to 15/03/13
Type
Night Patrols
Daytime
Surveys
Night Patrols
Daytime
Surveys
Daytime
Periodicity
Daily (18h – 05h)
Minimum every 3 days
Daily (20h - 01h)
Weekly
Surveys
Daytime
Surveys
BBIR beaches (HBD)
01/09/12 to 28/02/13
Ribeira Izé and Micotó beaches (Sundi)
01/10/12 to 30/03/13
Daytime
Surveys
Night Patrols
Praias Sundi (HBD),
Margarida,
Ponta Marmita and Iola (Sundi)
01/10/12 to 31/01/13
Daytime
Surveys
Night Patrols
Praias Grande do Infante and Seca (Infante)
01/09/12 to 14/11/12
15/11/12 to 15/02/13
Praínha, Praia da Areia, Bumbo, Cemitério,
Candeia and Rio São Tomé (Sul)
01/09/12 to 31/03/13
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.1.1
Daytime
Surveys
Daytime
Surveys
Weekly
Occasional
Night Patrols scheduled
depending on activity
recorded
Night Patrols scheduled
depending on activity
recorded
Weekly
Occasional Records
Collection of Biological and Ecological data
Protection Activities’ Coordination
Type of data collected
The presence on the beaches at night, and consequent encounters with the nesting female turtles allowed the collection of a
series of biological and behavioural data, while the diurnal censuses were mainly used for collecting ecological data:
Biological data: female’s biometry, physical condition, clutch frequency and size and hatching success rates;
2
3
Ecological and Behavioural data: renesting and remigration intervals; nesting site selection (both choice of beach, as well
as exact location within the beach chosen); and nesting schedule.
It was also during the night patrols that individual nesting female turtles were identified, this through the application of
external, metal tags. The tagging program was essential to assess important information such as number of nesting female
turtles, and renesting and remigration intervals (see 5.2.3.4).
5.3.1.2
Data collection protocols
The protocols for data collection were maintained equal to those used in previous seasons, to allow the measurement of
seasonal patterns for nesting activity and accurate comparisons between the beaches and between nesting seasons. Data
was collected by the guards, under the supervision of the coordinator and after receiving proper training:
Tagging of Female Turtles: The identification of individual female turtles was done by placing one set of two external metal
nd
nd
rd
tags (type Inconel, series EEC001-EEC399, University of Florida, U.S.A.), on the 2 or between the 2 and the 3 scale of the
trailing edge of the fore flippers (see 5.2.3.4 for results obtained, and Tables I-III for the list of identified female turtles).
Biometry and Physical Condition of Female Turtles: The biometry of the turtles (curved measurements of the carapace, in
centimetres) was done using a 1,5 m flexible measuring tape. In cases of inconsistency in the values obtained in consecutive
measurements of the same individual turtle (renesting activity), these values were recorded, but not included in any data
analysis. A complementary observation of the general physical condition of the turtles encountered was also done, including
any wounds, scars or amputations.
Nests: All nests that were recorded on the beaches listed on Table 5.2. (Except for those in the south of the island, including
Praia Seca) were georeferentiated with a GPS Garmin Etrex10. On the beaches of Praia Grande and Boi, the nests were
additionally identified and marked with a numbered wood stake, to facilitate its follow-up during the incubation period, and
assess its hatching success rate.
The data collection process was standardized for all the beaches of São Tomé and Príncipe, and closely supervised to ensure
data quality, following the recommendations provided by international organizations such as SWOT, the Marine Turtle
2
3
Renesting Interval: Interval, in days, between consecutive nesting events of the same female (usually 10-14 days)
Remigration Interval: Interval, in years, between consecutive nesting seasons of a female (usually 2-3 years)
9/26
Specialist Group and WIDECAST. The data was entered into a national database, and processed and analysed with the
Microsoft Excel program.
Data validation was performed by direct observations of the nests during the weekly daytime surveys, conducted by the
coordinator (except Praia Grande do Infante, which was made by the guard Nuno Couto), in addition to regular checks of the
field notebooks that were delivered to each team of guards. Punctually, and whenever possible, the coordinator
accompanied the teams on their night work.
5.3.2
5.3.2.1
Main Results
Overall nesting monitoring
A total of 811 nesting activity events, of four different species, were recorded during the 2012/2013 season, of which 535
were successful nests (Table 5.3).
Table 5.3 – Summary of the results obtained from the monitoring of the nesting activity of the different sea turtle species recorded on
Príncipe Island, during the 2012/13 season.
Species
Nests
False Crawls
Total Ativities
Chelonia mydas
377
214
591
125
55
180
32
7
39
Lepidochelys olivacea
1
0
1
535
276
811
TOTAL
The data recorded indicates that the two main nesting beaches for C. mydas are Praia Grande and Praia Grande do Infante,
which combined held 86.1% of this species’ nests. Most of the nesting events of E. imbricata and D. coriacea (55.6% and
78.1% respectively) were recorded on the beaches where monitoring was ensured through regular night patrols, a result that
shows that the areas selected for close monitoring and protection were adequate and representative of the nesting and
occurrence of the different species. The records made on the island of Príncipe in 2012/13 are summarized in Figure 5.1. and
5.2.
Based on the observations made during the night patrols, it was found that most of the nesting activity, regardless of the sea
turtle species, was recorded in the evening hours, with peak activity occurring between 19h and 23h. It is noteworthy that,
on several occasions, turtles of the species E. imbricata were observed nesting on the beaches during the daytime hours,
while the other species were recorded exclusively at night, or exceptionally, at dawn (Figure 5.3).
300
Número deninhos
250
200
150
DC
EI
100
CM
50
0
INFANTE
PRAIA
GRANDE
NORTE
SUNDI
SUL
Área de protecção
Figure 5.1 – Spatial distribution of the nesting events, by species (CM: Chelonia mydas, EI: Eretmochelys imbricata, DC: Dermochelys
coriacea) and by protection area, as recorded during the 2012/13 season on the island of Príncipe.
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300
250
Número de registos
200
150
Actividades
Ninhos
100
50
24-FEV
10-FEV
27-JAN
13-JAN
30-DEZ
16-DEZ
02-DEZ
18-NOV
04-NOV
21-OUT
07-OUT
23-SET
09-SET
0
Figure 5.2 – Temporal distribution of the sea turtle nesting activity, regardless of the species recorded, throughout the 2012/13 season on
the island of Príncipe
40
35
Número de Registos
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
18h
19h
20h
21h
22h
23h
24h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
Hora do Registo
Figure 5.3 – Temporal distribution of the observations done during the night patrols (18h – 05h) at Praia Grande (all species) during the
2012/13 season on the island of Príncipe.
5.3.2.2
A.
Nesting monitoring - beaches
Praia Grande
Praia Grande is one of the main nesting beaches for C. mydas on the island of Príncipe. This beach has been monitored
regularly over the last three years, as for this reason is considered the "index beach" of the island, and where the main
monitoring efforts focused during the 2012/13 season. The summary of the records obtained at this beach are on the Table
5.4.
B.
Beaches in the north of the Island (for tourism development)
The beaches of Macaco, Boi, Uba and Sundi, all under the concession of the HBD group, will be in the future subject to
different types of development for tourism activities, while the beaches of BBIR have already been developed, and therefore
all should be monitored regularly.
Although the data collected by ATM in 2012/13 indicate that these beaches have a low density of sea turtle nests (only 5% of
the total nests recorded across the island, see Figure 5.4), it is important to refer to some results of particular interest: the
beaches of Macaco, Boi and Uba had a relatively high number of observations of turtles of the species E. imbricata and D.
coriacea (14.4% and 34.5% of the nests of these species was recorded on these beaches, respectively - see Figure 5.5). While
these figures are only from this season, and therefore should not be considered representative, they indicate that these
beaches are important nesting grounds for these species, and should therefore be monitored and managed with particular
care, in order to minimize the physical changes planned for the nesting beach area, as well as to avoid any disturbance
11/26
caused to females and nests during the nesting period. The summary of the records obtained at this beach are on the Table
5.4.
C.
Sundi beaches
The beaches in the area of Sundi, including Ribeira Izé, Micotó, Margarida and Ponta Marmita, were confirmed as the major
nesting areas for the species E. imbricata, and as such, of regional importance in the preservation of the species. For this
species, a total of 41 nests, or 34% of the activity recorded in the island, was recorded on this group of beaches.
At these beaches, there were several encounters with people who appeared to be present on the beach presumably to
collect eggs, or to capture females, and some complaints were made to the authorities. The relatively easy access to these
beaches from Azeitona / Airport, and Sundi, as well as the frequent passage of cattle in the beach were the main threats
identified, and require attention. The summary of the records obtained at this beach are on the Table 5.4.
D.
Praia Grande do Infante and Praia Seca
The monitoring on these beaches was carried out with limited supervision, and therefore the data must be evaluated
carefully. Despite this limitation, the figures obtained suggest that the Infante area may be the most important site for the
nesting of the species C. mydas on the island of Príncipe, something already suggested in previous studies (Ferreira et al.,
2012). At these beaches, only the number of nests for each species was recorded, due to an error in the counting of the false
crawls (tracks without nests). The summary of the records obtained at this beach are on the Table 5.4.
E.
South beaches
Monitoring of these beaches was carried out exclusively by the marine guards, sporadically, during the surveillance activities
at sea. The results indicate that these small beaches, located in the southern part of the island, are important for nesting of
the turtle species E. imbricata. The observations were not confirmed by the coordinator, and therefore should be evaluated
carefully.
Table 5.4 – Summary of the results obtained from the nesting monitoring of the different species on several beaches located on the south
of the island of Príncipe, during the 2012/13 season.
Beach
PRAIA GRANDE
Species
Nests
False Crawls
Total Activities
Chelonia mydas
73
60
133
9
3
12
7
4
11
89
67
156
Chelonia mydas
0
3
3
6
9
15
1
1
2
Chelonia mydas
7
15
22
7
7
14
TOTAL
MACACO
BOI
8
2
10
22
24
46
Chelonia mydas
8
4
12
31
30
61
TOTAL
RIBEIRA IZE AND
MICOTO
4
1
5
43
35
78
Chelonia mydas
0
3
3
7
10
17
1
1
2
8
14
22
Chelonia mydas
0
1
1
4
3
7
0
0
0
4
4
TOTAL
MARGARIDA
AND PONTA
MARMITA
TOTAL
IOLA
TOTAL
PRAIA GRANDE
12/26
Chelonia mydas
196
8
N/D
DO INFANTE
1
N/D
N/D
Chelonia mydas
24
N/D
13
N/D
1
N/D
38
N/D
TOTAL
SOUTH BEACHES
(AREIA,
CEMITÉRIO,
BUMBO,
CANDEIA)
Chelonia mydas
24
4
28
8
5
13
0
2
2
32
11
43
45
N/D
45
TOTAL
Chelonia mydas
RIO S. TOMÉ
6
0
6
51
0
51
Chelonia mydas
0
1
1
2
2
4
3
1
4
TOTAL
BBIR
5.3.2.3
N/D
233
TOTAL
PRAIA SECA
36
Monitoring of the nesting activities by species
Green Turtle (C. mydas) The Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) was the species most frequently recorded in the island of
Príncipe (591 records), with 377 nests counted during the 2012/13 season (Table 5.3). The main nesting beaches for this
species were identified as Praia Grande (73 nests), and those beaches in Infante area, of which Praia Grande do Infante (196
nests), and Rio São Tomé (45 nests) stand out (Figure 5.4).
Chelonia mydas
18%
20%
2%
2%
Praia Grande
Sundi
Norte
58%
Infante
Sul
Figure 5.4 – Distribution of the nestig activity of C. mydas on the different monitoring areas that were defined on Príncipe Island, during
the 2012/13 season.
Hawksbill Turtle (E. imbricata)
A total of 180 records were made for the Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata),
of which 125 were successful nests, during the 2012/13 season (Table 5.3). This species was recorded in all the beaches of
the island, but with special incidence on the north of the island, in the group of beaches adjacent to Sundi’s coastal
community (Figure 5.5).
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5%
7%
39%
Praia Grande
34%
Sundi
HBD
Infante
15%
Sul
Figure 5.5 – Distribution of the nesting activity of E. imbricata on the different monitoring areas that were defined on Príncipe Island,
during the 2012/13 season.
Leatherback Turtle (D. coriacea)
There were only 39 records made of the Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea),
of which 32 were nests (Table 5.3). No pattern in nest distribution on the beaches of the island was found (Figure 5.6).
19%
3%
28%
Praia Grande
Sundi
12%
38%
Norte
Infante
Sul
Figure 5.6 – Distribution of the nesting activity of D. coriacea on the different monitoring areas that were defined on Príncipe Island,
during the 2012/13 season.
Olive Ridley Turtle (L. olivacea)
Only one record, a nest, was recorded for the Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
and at Macaco beach. The nest was only confirmed after its hatching, and observation of the hatchlings, essential for the
confirmation of the species. As to the more inexperienced observer the track of the Olive Ridley (L. olivacea) may be similar
to that of the Hawksbill turtle (E. imbricata), we alert to the possibility that this species actually nests in Príncipe, but may be
recorded as Hawksbill (whenever the nesting female isn’t observed for confirmation).
5.3.2.4
Nest monitoring
Green Turtle
At Praia Grande most nests were "marked" with wooden stakes to allow their monitoring during
incubation. Of the 73 nests initially recorded on this beach, hatching was confirmed in 30 (41.1%), while 16 were destroyed
(21.9%) and for 27 its location was lost, either by removal or loss of the stakes, preventing its monitoring (Figure 5.7).
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Chelonia mydas
37,0%
41,1%
Ninhos
eclodidos
Ninhos
destruídos
Ninhos sem
localização
21,9%
Figure 5.7 – Record of the nest fate of the nests of the species Chelonia mydas on Praia Grande.
The content of the 30 hatched nests of C. mydas was analysed after the emergence of the hatchlings, to estimate the
hatching success rate (percentage of hatched eggs in a nest over the total number of eggs of that nest). Of these nests, with
an average clutch size of 106 eggs each, 2 599 hatchlings were recorded, yielding an average hatching rate of 84.5%.
For the whole island, and based on the statistics obtained, it is estimated that of the 377 nests recorded emerged more than
30,700 hatchlings of this species, value estimated using a benchmark of nest loss of 21.9%, and assuming the values obtained
at Praia Grande as representative of the island.
Hawksbill Turtle Of the 125 nests of E. imbricata recorded, we analysed 7 from distinct beaches, having obtained an
average hatching rate of 77.4%, with an average clutch size of 128 eggs. Based on these values, and considering the total
number of nests reported for this species (125) and assuming a zero nest loss, it is estimated that more than 12 300
hatchlings of E. imbricata may have been produced on Príncipe during the 2012/13 season.
5.3.2.5
Tagging Program
The tagging of female turtles with external tags for identification purposes was carried out in the beaches of Praia Grande,
Boi and Ribeira Izé, resulting in the identification of 61 individual females, belonging to three different species (Table 5.5).
Table 5.5 – Number of individual females identified through the tagging program, carried out on the beaches of Praia Grande, Boi and
Ribeira Izé during the 2012/13 season.
SPECIES
Chelonia mydas
Eretmochelys
imbricata
N.º e %
Praia Grande
29
5
4
38 (62.2%)
Praia Boi
4
4
4
12 (19.6%)
Praia Ribeira Izé
2
8
1
11 (18%)
BEACH
The complete list of identified females and respective tags may be found on Tables I.I, II.I and III.I of Annex I of this
document.
5.4
Protection and Surveillance Activities
Specific Objective:
Evaluate the actual and potential anthropogenic threats, to the habitats critical to the survival of sea turtles, to allow the
development of management plans specific to each habitat, the creation of protected areas and identify areas where
restrictions to artificial lighting on the beach may be imposed, among others.
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5.4.1
Coordination of protection activities
Protection activities consisted primarily of day and night patrols on the nesting beaches of the island, carried out by the
beach guards (see Table 5.2) and monitoring of the marine area, carried out by the marine guards. Both activities, especially
those at sea by the marine guards, were coordinated in collaboration with the Director of the Príncipe’s Natural Park. At sea,
these activities consisted of making a daily survey of the coastal zone (when sea conditions allowed), for which three work
zones were defined: North (Ponta Marmita to Burras Beach), northeast and east (Macaco beach to Praia Grande) and South
(Santo António to the Rio São Tomé).
5.4.2
Activities carried out
The main task of the guards, under the protection program, was to a) monitor any suspicious activity of capture of sea turtles
on the nesting beaches and at sea, b) to supervise and to inspect suspicious fishing boats in the area and c) to follow possible
leads or information obtained through daily conversations with fishermen, as well as from direct observations of the capture
of turtles and/or eggs collection. All cases where evidences were found of the capture of turtles or destruction of turtle nests
were reported to the authorities, through the Príncipe’s Natural Park. In situations where the presence of hunters or
suspicious activities on the beaches or at sea was observed, the guards were instructed to try to collect information,
assuming at all times a non-aggressive attitude, while also raising awareness through talking.
The investigations carried out by the marine guards point out the areas where most captures occur, as well as those
communities where turtle meat is consumed. The results indicate that the situation is particularly critical in the Burras Beach,
Praia Seca, Macaco and Ribeira Izé, where evidences collected, such as remains of turtle carapace found under water and egg
shells on the beach suggest that captures have been regular. In the case of Praia Seca and Ribeira Izé, complaints were filed
through the competent authorities. In other cases, even if the offenders where identified, the lack of evidence prevented the
actions of denunciation.
Some of the interventions made by the guards are summarized in Table 5.6.
.
Table 5.6 – Summary of the main interventions carried out by the guards under the sea turtle protection program, during the 2012/13
season.
Date
Intervention
Area
17/09/12
Ribeira Izé
22/09/12
Ribeira Izé
29/09/12
Ribeira Izé
02/11/12
Santo António
03/12/12
Zona Sul
13/12/12
Zona Sul
21/01/13
Praia Seca
26/01/13
Praia
Cemitério
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Type of Intervention
Release – Green turtle (C. mydas) captured by fishermen was found hidden in the rocky
area between BBIR and Ribeira Izé during daytime, and released alive by the beach guard
Elíseo Trulha.
Release – Capture attempt of a female Green turtle (C. mydas) while trying to nest during
daytime. The intervention of the beach guard Elíseo Trulha allowed the release of the turtle
while still alive.
Release – Daytime sighting of a female Hawksbill turtle (E. imbricata) in imminent danger of
capture by local fishermen. The intervention of the beach guard Elíseo Trulha allowed the
release of the turtle while still alive. The turtle was already tagged, and the tag number was
recorded.
Police Report – Confirmed the sale of Green sea turtle meat (C. mydas), as a main
ingredient in a typical dish (Calulú), served in a local restaurant. Visit to the establishment
by the coordinator and the marine guard Hélder Vaz Pereira (Dedé) for awareness of the
owners, followed by formal complaint to the police.
Investigation – Green turtle (C. mydas) carapace found underwater in front of Praínha. No
evidences were found as to identify who was behind the capture.
Investigation – Green turtle (C. mydas) plastron found underwater in front of Portinho. No
evidences were found as to identify who was behind the capture.
Investigation – Four female adult Green turtles (C. mydas) were captured and killed, as
reported by the beach guard from CTM, Santinho. No evidences were found as to identify
who was behind the capture.
Release – Marine guards were informed of a Green sea turtle (C. mydas) entangled in a net.
The turtle was released and returned to the sea by the marine guard Nuno Couto.
5.5
Community Integration and Ecotourism
Specific Objective:
Define the basis for the integration of sea turtle conservation projects on the island in future development and ecotourism
plans.
5.5.1
Praia Grande Visitors Centre
In collaboration with the administration of the Príncipe’s Natural Park and the HBD team, the ATM team proposed to
complete the initial plans for the "Praia Grande’s Visitors Centre” in Praia Grande (Fig. 5.8). This project aimed at recovering
the house at Praia Grande in order to recover the initial idea behind its construction, i.e. to have an infrastructure to receive
local and foreign visitors, which can serve also as a permanent exhibition area (informative posters, educational material,
etc.), and a shelter for the beach guards, researchers and / or guests (up to 4 people), who have to spend the night on the
beach. Priority is to be given to activities related to the protection of sea turtles during the nesting season and hatching. The
project for the use of the Praia Grande’s Visitors Centre is being conducted by ATM in conjunction with the staff at BBIR and
the HBD team, with the latter not only having provided financial support but also having provided furniture for the house as
well as logistical support.
Figure 5.8 – Actual location of the Praia Grande’s house, which will work in the future as a Visitor’s Centre..
5.6
Raising Awareness of the Local Communities
Specific Objective:
Promote and facilitate the participation of locals in conservation actions, and increase the awareness about the conservation
status of the sea turtles, as well as their ecological, social and economic importance.
Several awareness-raising activities related to the theme of sea turtle conservation were conducted during the season of
2012/13, ranging in topics, target audience and type of intervention. The activities were organized aiming at two main
groups: fishermen and children; and the main topics discussed included the ecology of sea turtles, their ecological
importance and the main threats to their survival.
The main activities are summarized in Table 5.7.
Table 5.7 – Main awareness activities organized during the 2012/13 season on the Island of Príncipe.
Date
Location and Type of Intervention
01/09/12
02/09/12
04/09/12
11/09/12
Community of Praia da Palha – Awareness Activity (meeting)
carried out during fishing trip, at sea
Community of Praia Seca – Awareness Activity (meeting) at the
beach
Sundi (farm and beach) – Video and oral presentation followed by
discussion
Beach Sundi – Awareness Activity (meeting) carried out at the
beach (participation and intervention of the Regional Deputy of
Príncipe Island)
06/10/12
Target
Audience
Audience
(approx.)
Spearfishermen
6
Community/
Fishermen
6
Community
Fishermen
60
30
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16/11/12
24/11/12
26/01/13
03/02/13
21/02/13
Sundi School – Oral and video presentation and theatrical play
(activity filmed and transmitted by TVS)
Community of Ponta do Sol – Awareness Activity (meeting)
carried out at the community (participation and intervention of
the President of the Regional Government of Príncipe Island, Eng.
Tozé Cassandra)
Community of Burras beach – Awareness Activity (meeting)
carried ot at the community (participation and intervention of the
President of the Regional Government of Príncipe Island, Eng.
Tozé Cassandra; Eng. Arlindo de Carvalho e Dr. Vítor Bonfim, of
the General Direction for the Environment (activity filmed and
transmitted by TVS)).
Praia Grande – Awareness Activity (meeting) carried out at the
beach with local visitors.
Paula Lavre School (Santo António) – Oral and video
presentations
(activity filmed and transmitted by TVS and RTP International)
Children
125
Community
20
Community/
Fishermen
50
Adults /Children
100
Children
350
21/02/13
22/02/13
Santo António Kinder garden – Oral and video presentations
Children
150
24/02/13
Sundi beach – Beach games
Children
50
Figure 5.9 – Awareness activity carried out in Sundi farm.
Figure 5.10 – Meeting in the community of Burras beach, with the presence of President of the Regional Government of Príncipe Island,
Eng. Tozé Cassandra; and Eng. Arlindo de Carvalho and Dr. Vítor Bonfim, of the General Direction for the Environment.
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Figure 5.11 – Awareness campaign carried out at the different schools in the island of Príncipe.
5.7
Technical Training and Scientific Support
Specific Objective:
Strengthen the existing and future monitoring programs, promote the support to conservation initiatives and support the
relevant authorities in the implementation of the sea turtle protection law.
5.7.1
Partnerships and institutional contacts
Príncipe’s Natural Park (PNP)
ATM and PNP established from the beginning a tight collaboration in the development
of activities, always with the intention and scope of the conservation of Príncipe’s biodiversity.
Marapa The NGO Marapa and ATM signed a memorandum of understanding to support the coordination and supervision of
the scientific work done by Marapa on the island of São Tomé (Fig. 5.12). ATM also gave technical and institutional support to
Marapa and other relevant stakeholders in the review and preparation of the National Law for the protection turtles in São
Tomé and Príncipe.
Figure 5.12 – ATM’s coordinator with staff from Marapa of São Tomé, Sr. Elísio Neto (Sea Tutle Conservation Technician) and the
President of the NGO, Dr. Jorge Rio Carvalho.
19/26
Sea Turtle Commission (CTM)
ATM hired two members of the CTM for the monitoring work carried out on Praia
Grande do Infante, Praia Seca, Iola, Margarida and Ponta Marmita, providing them with specific training, a monthly salary
during the nesting season, and patrol equipment (including gasoline for use of boat).
On the other hand, several decisive meetings were held between ATM, the Director of the PNP and CTM in order to support
the restructuring of the CTM as an NGO. ATM participated at the request of the CTM, in the review of new statutes and
developing new internal regulations (Fig. 5.13).
Figure 5.13 – General Assembly organized by the CTM with the support of ATM and PNP, resulting in the election of a new president and
board members.
5.7.2
Standardization of monitoring protocols
One of ATM’s main concerns was the lack of standardization of working protocols adopted at the two islands, and
inconsistency in data collected on the nesting beaches. Although there has been some standardization of protocols for
monitoring of the nesting beaches, there are no global standards approved officially. The result is that projects end up
reporting different types of data and use different data collection methods, which makes the results largely incompatible.
In this sense, ATM and Marapa partnered to implement the guidelines suggested by the initiative SWOT (State of the World's
Sea Turtles), to improve the existing monitoring protocols and increase effectiveness in the documentation of nesting
activities on the beaches of São Tomé and Príncipe.
5.7.3
Training
Theoretical training of the ATM’s guards (12) and CTM members (4) on the biology and conservation of sea turtles in São
Tomé and Príncipe was given by the ATM’s coordinator, and took place at the Missionary School “Nossa Senhora da
th
th
th
Conceição” on the 7 , 8 and 9 August, 2012. The practical training of the guards in beach monitoring techniques and nest
th
management took place in Praia Grande, August 12 . A total of 15 local guards were fully trained in sea turtle research and
th
th
monitoring techniques (Table 5.8). On the 25 and 27 July, the same course had already been given on the island of São
Tomé, for 13 beach guards, through the partnership with the NGO Marapa (Fig. 5.14.). A group of BBIR staff was also trained
in sea turtle conservation issues and techniques, during a short course that was included in an intensive training program of
the BBIR staff on the theme of biodiversity conservation and sustainability promoted by the resort, an important step in
obtaining the certification on Sustainability that this resort seeks (Fig. 5.15).
Table 5.8 – Scheduling and timetable of the training courses offered by ATM on “biology and conservation of Sea Turtles of São Tomé and
Príncipe”, that took place on both islands, during the 2012/13 season.
SEA TURTLES OF SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
DAY 1
Sea Turtle Biology
08h00-09h30
THEORY
Ecology in Foraging Areas
09h30-10h40
THEORY
Threats and Conservation
11h00-12h00
THEORY
MONITORING AND CONSERVATION TECHNICS I
DAY 2
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Monitoring of nesting beaches
08h00-09h00
THEORY
Species Identification
09h00-10h00
THEORY/PRACTICAL
Track Identification
10h20-12h00
THEORY/PRACTICAL
MONITORING AND CONSERVATION TECHNICS II
DIA 3
Hatchery Management
08h00-09h00
THEORY/PRACTICAL
Tagging and Biometry
09h00-10h00
THEORY/PRACTICAL
Ecotourism in nesting beaches
10h20-11h00
THEORY
Closing remarks and Team Distribution
11h00-12h00
THEORY
Figure 5.14 – Participants of the training courses organized by ATM: a) in the island of Príncipe, and b) in the island of São Tomé.
Figure 5.15 – Participants in the course offered at the BBIR by ATM.
5.8
Project Dissemination
São Tomé e Príncipe
The Television of São Tomé (TVS) held four reports on the conservation work carried out by ATM,
including interviews with the coordinator and in some cases the guards (Fig. 5.16), and video releases of the activities held in
the community of Sundi (16.11.12), Burras Beach (26/01/13), at the Paula Lavre School (02/21/13) and Praia Grande
(02/14/13) (this was an independent visit by representatives of the "Biosphere Network" to this beach as well as Boi beach,
to film sea turtle hatchlings for a promotional video of the island of Príncipe Biosphere Reserve). The Regional Radio was also
a great ally, through an interview with the coordinator (14/2/13) and a press release about the meeting with the police
05/11/12). The partnership between HBD and ATM was also on the national online newspaper, Tela Nón (04/09/12: "HBD –
Boa Vida signed an agreement that allows increased protection of turtles in Príncipe"), and the NGO Marapa (the island of
São Tomé) widely assumed the partnership with ATM in all public events in São Tomé, having inserted the ATM logo on
posters, billboards and various publications.
21/26
Figure 5.16 – The beach guard Hualton Carvalho is interviewed at Sundi School by the Regional Radio, as well as the TVS during ATM’s
work on the island of Príncipe.
The ATM also participated in some events of national projection, such as the Seminar on "Climate Change and its Socioth
th
Environmental Impact" (20 to 24 August, 2012, on the island of São Tomé, where the coordinator Joana Hancock gave an
oral presentation on the "Adaptations and climate change in coastal areas: marine turtles as an umbrella species". This
nd
presentation, given on August 22 was later published in the book of proceedings of the meeting (available at:
http://climatechangestp2012.weebly.com/livro-de-actas.html).
International
The dissemination of the project was also made through ATM’s blog (www.tartarugasmarinhas.pt/blog;
22 entries, Table 5.9)) and Facebook page (www.facebook.com/ ATM.AssociacaoTartarugasMarinhas); during the project
over 200,000 visits to the ATM’s site were recorded, and Facebook had, by the end of March, already 1,700 followers, with
online publications having roughly between 250 and 800 views each.
Table 5.9 – Some of the main entries on ATM’s blog (www.tartarugasmarinhas.pt/blog) that were related to the Sea Turtle Conservation
Program at Príncipe Island (includes link).
 13/08/2012 Curso de Formação
 15/08/2012 Conheça a nossa equipa no Príncipe
 20/08/2012 Início da temporada em São Tomé
 06/10/2012 Visita à comunidade da Sundi
 14/10/2012 Noite de Patrulha em São Tomé
 05/10/2012 Encontro com a Polícia
 11/10/2012 Primeiro ninho de tartaruga Sada confirmado no Príncipe
 18/11/2012 Primeiras tartaruguinhas marcar o tardio arranque da temporada de desova no príncipe
 21/11/2012 Tartaruga de couro confirmada na praia boi
 16/11/2012 Surpresa da ATM na escola da Sundi no príncipe
 26/01/2013 Presidente do governo regional do Príncipe com ATM na Praia Burra
 10/02/2013 Chegámos às 1000 tartaruguinhas nascidas na praia grande
 20/02/2013 Sessão de formação do staff do BBIR
 20/02/2013 Sessão de formação do staff do Bom Bom Island Resort termina da melhor forma
 21/02/2013 Campanha de sensibilização sobre tartarugas marinhas inicia nas escolas do Príncipe
6
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1
6.1.1
Conservation, Surveillance and Monitoring Activities
Nesting beaches
The monitoring and surveillance work should continue, with conduction of day and / or night patrols, during the peak of the
breeding season (October to March) in the main nesting beaches, in order to minimize the many captures that occur when
female turtles emerge on the beaches, as well a to protect their nests. In parallel, it is expected that ATM is able to invest in
the specific training of the patrol teams, so that the guards can collect biological and ecological data of the turtles, as well as
information from biotic and abiotic characteristics of the beaches, which are fundamental to many scientific studies.
22/26
Priority Areas: The beaches where ATM recommends to focus additional monitoring and surveillance efforts are both Praia
Grande and Praia Grande do Infante, and the beaches in the area of Ribeira Izé and Sundi, which are prime nesting areas for
the green (C. mydas) and hawksbill (E. imbricata) turtles, respectively.
6.1.2
Marine area
The illegal capture of sea turtles in the waters of Príncipe Island remains a frequent problem, and is currently considered as
the main threat on this island. The ATM proposes the development of actions aimed at the direct protection of sea turtles
(juveniles, sub-adults and adults) in the sea all year round, conducted by marine guards on their own boats. In the future, if
turtle watching activities are developed, this would be very important as a way of raising awareness; whether they are linked
to BBIR (or other resorts) or associated to the PNP, these activities could be integrated in the marine monitoring/surveillance
plan.
Zonas prioritárias: In addition to the monitoring of the nesting beaches, it is also important to develop protection work at
sea, through an efficient marine surveillance, ideally covering the island’s entire coast. In the north, it is important to ensure
the protection of the area between Praia Grande and Ponta Marmita, focusing on the Burras Beach. In the south of the
island, it would be important to extend patrols to Praia Seca, Abade and Nova Estrela.
6.1.3
Creation of the national conservation database
Is also a priority of the ATM to continue the work started in the creation of a national scientific database and to establish a
standardized working protocol in both islands, an action essential to ensure the proper collection of data, and its
comparative analysis in the country.
6.1.4
Increase in scientific knowledge
The conservation work should always be accompanied by a sound scientific knowledge, enabling the adoption of judicious
choices regarding the priorities of the topics approached, as well as to the options for interventions and methodologies
chosen. Furthermore, only with a scientifically rigorous monitoring is it possible to evaluate the success and impact of
actions, as well as identify gaps and correct practices.
Scientific knowledge about the sea turtle populations on the island of Príncipe - including the turtle species C. mydas and E.
imbricata - is still rather scarce and fragmented. Despite several research studies conducted in the past, the information
obtained and / or published is sketchy and incomplete, particularly with regard to the distribution of the nesting activity in
space and time, the real importance of the actual population, and, among others, the reproductive success of the different
species. Furthermore, there are no quantitative estimates of the various factors of threat in this region (artificial and natural
predation, mortality associated with hunting and fishing, etc.), or models for predicting the future evolution of populations,
for example, in relation to the likely impact of climate change.
Taking advantage of all the conservation efforts that will be in place, and the presence of teams in the field, as well as the
logistics organized already in association with the project, the ATM believes that this is a good opportunity to follow up on
some studies that have started on Príncipe and to start a new scientific program, more comprehensive and complete, to be
developed in the long term in the region.
6.2
Awareness Activities and Involvement of Local Communities
Two important points that the ATM recommends are a greater investment in creating awareness by the involvement of the
local community in carrying out its activities, and involving them in the protection of their natural heritage. The intention is to
engage and empower the people of the island of Príncipe with new technical and scientific skills, such as techniques for
monitoring and research of sea turtles through specific training conducted by the ATM’s team, and help to create jobs and
obtaining new sources of income. Examples of jobs include beach guards, nature guides associated with conservation
projects, among others that may arise.
For greater community integration, the ATM also suggests the allocation of 1 person in each of the major communities
(Burras, Sundi, Abade, Praia Seca and Lapa) to be responsible for the regular monitoring of the beaches near their community
during peak nesting season (November to January). This person may or may not join the team of guards, and will be the focal
point of the conservation program for sea turtles in their community.
Each of these focal points will receive specific training in First Aid for sea turtles, and monitoring and research techniques of
these animals, and will be responsible not only for organizing awareness campaigns in the communities, but also to also
make complaints in the case of offenses relating to sea turtles, such as cases of capture and consumption of these animals,
dynamite fishing, etc.
23/26
REFERENCES
−
Ferreira R.L. e Martins H.R. (2013). Nesting Hawksbill Turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, Disorientation at a Beach Resort on
Príncipe Island, West Africa. Marine Turtle Newsletter 136:7-9;
−
Ferreira R.L., Bolten A.B., Prazeres O.L. e Martins H.R. (2011). Sea Turtle Nesting on Príncipe Island, West Africa. In Proc.
32nd Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. Huatulco, México;
−
IUCN (2012). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Versão 2012.2. <http://www.iucnredlist.org>. (consultado a 10 de
maio de 2013);
−
Loureiro N.S., Carvalho H. e Rodrigues Z. (2011). Praia Grande of Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea): an important nesting
beach for the green turtle Chelonia mydas. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 28: 89-95;
−
Wallace B.P., DiMatteo A.D., Bolten A.B, Chaloupka M.Y., Hutchinson B.J., Abreu-Grobois F.A., Mortimer J.A., Seminoff
J.A., D. Amorocho, Bjorndal K.A., Bourjea J., Bowen B.W., Briseño Dueñas R., Casale P., Choudhury B.C., Costa A., Dutton
P.H., Fallabrino A., Finkbeiner E.M., Girard A., Girondot M., Hamann M., Hurley B.J., Lopez-Mendilaharsu M., Marcovaldi
M.A., Musick J.A., Nel R., Pilcher N.J., Troëng S., Witherington B. e Mast R.B. (2011). Global conservation priorities for
marine turtles. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024510;
−
Wallace B.P., DiMatteo A.D., Hurley B.J., Finkbeiner E.M., Bolten A.B., Chaloupka M.Y., Hutchinson B.J., Abreu-Grobois
F.A., Amorocho D., Bjorndal K.A., Bourjea J., Bowen B.W., Briceño Dueñas R., Casale P., Choudhury B.C., Costa A., Dutton
P.H., Fallabrino A., Girard A., Girondot M., Godfrey M.H., Hamann M., López-Mendilaharsu M., Marcovaldi M.A.,
Mortimer J.A., Musick J.A., Nel R., Seminoff J.A., Troëng S., Witherington B. e Mast R.B. (2010). Regional management
units for marine turtles: A novel framework for prioritizing conservation and research across multiple scales. PLoS One
5(12): e15465. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015465.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The ATM team would like to thank all the entities and persons that have helped us in the development of its work during the
2012/2013 season, and in specific to:
−
To HBD and the Bombom Island Resort, as the partnership with ATM was crucial to the implementation of this
project, but in particular to those with whom we had more direct contact, such as Dr. Nuno Rodrigues, Tânia
Garcia, Teresa Pires, Tiago Cid, Jurie Bruwer, Otto Pienaar, Francisco Plácido, and Ricardo Madeira;
−
To the Regional Government of Príncipe, in particular to its President, Eng. José Cassandra, and Ms. Plácida Lopes,
the latter also through the support given as part of the Príncipe Biosphere Reserve Committee;
−
To the Director of the "Direção Geral do Ambiente" of São Tomé and Príncipe, Dr. Eng. Arlindo de Ceita Carvalho;
−
To the Director of the "Direção do Serviço de Conservação da Natureza e Saneamento do Meio Ambiente", Mr.
Victor Bonfim;
−
To the Director of Príncipe's Natural Park, Mr. Daniel Ramos, for all his support to the project and all the work
carried out in close partnership with ATM's team;
−
To Marapa, with whom ATM established a collaboration partnership, particularly to the following members of its
team – Eng. Jorge de Carvalho do Rio (President), Bastien Loloum (Coordinator of the Tatô Program), Anne Vidie
(volunteer), Elíseo Neto (Technician), Hipólito Lima (Guard) and their turtle guards;
−
To the team of the Regional Radio in Príncipe, and TVS;
−
To Dr. Rogério Ferreira for the support offered in terms of information and guidance given referring to previous
nesting seasons.
The project coordinator, Joana Hancock, would like to personally extend her gratitude to all the guards, as well as Simon
Valle, Domingas Couto, Ana Cabral, José Santos Ferreira, Carlos Marcelino, Henry Cronje, Dr. Leonor Sardinha, Mr. João Paulo
Cassandra, Mr. Albino and also Mr. Joaquim Ananias, of the Migration Service in Príncipe, for all the support and help
offered.
24/26
ATTACHMENTS
Table I.I – List of tags applied by ATM team in females of the species C. mydas (CM), during the 2012/13 season.
Species
Left Tag
Right Tag
CM
EEC007
CM
EEC009
CM
CM
PIT Tag
Tagging Date
Beach
EEC008
12/11/12
Praia Grande
EEC010
04/12/12
Praia Grande
EEC011
EEC012
25/11/12
Praia Grande
EEC019
EEC020
01/12/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC021
EEC022
01/12/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC024
04/12/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC026
EEC027
29/11/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC032
EEC033
01/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC077
EEC076
29/11/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC077
EEC076
29/11/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC077
EEC076
02/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC078
EEC253
28/11/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC092
EEC093
12/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC101
EEC102
11/09/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC103
EEC104
09/10/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC105
EEC106
23/11/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC107
EEC108
29/11/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC112
10/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC112
EEC113
23/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC116
EEC119
22/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC117
EEC118
12/12/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC120
EEC122
01/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC121
EEC125
16/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC126
EEC127
29/11/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC130
EEC131
12/12/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC132
EEC133
19/12/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC139
EEC140
11/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC151
EEC152
25/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
EEC154
EEC155
26/01/13
Praia Grande
CM
BBQ521
BBQ522
13/12/12
Praia Grande
CM
EEC080
EEC081
18/11/12
Boi
CM
EEC084
EEC085
01/12/12
Boi
CM
EEC089
EEC088
03/12/12
Boi
CM
EEC280
21/12/12
Ribeira Izé
CM
EEC297
04/01/13
Ribeira Izé
25/26
Table II.I – List of tags applied by ATM team in females of the species E.imbricata (EI), during the 2012/13 season.
Species
Left Tag
Right Tag
EI
EEC017
EEC018
EI
EEC114
EEC115
EI
EEC123
EEC124
EI
PIT Tag
Tagging Date
Beach
30/11/12
Praia Grande
21/12/12
Praia Grande
977200008028412
24/12/12
Praia Grande
977200008023442
19/12/12
Praia Grande
EI
EEC094
EEC095
04/01/13
Boi
EI
EEC096
EEC097
14/01/13
Boi
EI
EEC098
EEC099
14/01/13
Boi
EI
EEC226
EEC227
17/01/13
Boi
EI
EEC176
20/12/12
Sundi
EI
EEC278
EEC289
04/01/13
Ribeira Izé
EI
EEC279
EEC292
03/01/13
Ribeira Izé
EI
EEC284
EEC283
23/12/12
Ribeira Izé
EI
EEC291
EEC296
28/12/12
Ribeira Izé
EI
EEC294
EEC290
20/12/12
Ribeira Izé
EI
EEC295
20/12/12
Ribeira Izé
EI
KUDU086
03/01/13
Ribeira Izé
KUDU087
Table III.I – List of tags applied by ATM team in females of the species D. coriacea (DC), during the 2012/13 season.
26/26
Species
Left Tag
Right Tag
DC
EEC013
DC
EEC015
DC
DC
Tagging Date
Beach
EEC014
28/11/12
Praia Grande
EEC016
28/11/12
Praia Grande
EEC109
EEC110
21/12/12
Praia Grande
EEC128
EEC129
10/12/12
Praia Grande
DC
EEC271
EEC270
31/01/13
Praia Grande
DC
EEC082
EEC083
21/11/12
Boi
DC
EEC087
EEC086
03/12/12
Boi
DC
EEC090
EEC091
12/12/12
Boi
DC
EEC100
DC
EEC282
EEC281
PIT Tag
14/01/13
Boi
28/12/12
Ribeira Izé

Relatório Não Técnico

Transcrição

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