Estar no hospital - Dipòsit Digital de la UB

Transcrição

Estar no hospital - Dipòsit Digital de la UB
Estar no hospital
Projectos, ideias, considerações e práticas para um bom acolhimento
Sofia Teresa Cortez Gonçalves Rato
Aquesta tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència ReconeixementSenseObraDerivada 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons.
NoComercial
–
Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – SinObraDerivada
3.0. España de Creative Commons.
This doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivs 3.0. Spain License.
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